2 - 3

CHAPTER 2

RADIO TIME SIGNALS

200A. General

The system of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC),

described fully in “The American Practical Navigator”

(Bowditch) (NVPUB9), came into use on 1 January 1972.

Most countries have agreed to use the revised transmission

procedures recommended by the the International

Telecommunications Union-Radiocommunications Sector

(ITU-R). Users are advised that some stations not

specifically operating in the Standard Frequency and Time

Signal Services may not be able to conform exactly to the

current recommendations.

Stations use various systems to broadcast time signals.

The more commonly used systems are described below

and referred to in the station listings at the end of this

chapter. Special systems are described under their

respective stations.

ACCURACY OF SIGNALS: The majority of radio time

signals are transmitted automatically and are referenced to

standards at the various national standards labs such as the

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in

the U.S. Absolute reliance may be had in these signals;

they should be correct to 0.05 second. Some stations

transmit by a combination of manual and automatic

signals. Care should be exercised to differentiate between

the two at the time of actual comparison to a chronometer.

Other radio stations, however, have no automatic

transmission system installed. In this instance, the operator

is guided by the standard clock at the station. The clock is

checked by either astronomical observations or by reliable

time signals. The hand transmission should be correct to

0.25 second.

STATIONS MUST AVOID INTERFERENCE: During

the transmission of time signals, stations are prohibited

from making any transmissions which might interfere with

the reception of these signals.

HIGH PRECISION: For ordinary navigational purposes

no special precautions need be observed in receiving the

signals other than to avoid those signals which are marked

in the station schedule as unsatisfactory for navigational

purposes.

200B. The United States System

The transmission of signals begins at 55 minutes, 0

seconds of a given hour and continues for 5 minutes.

Signals are transmitted on every second during that time,

except that there is no signal on the 29th second o

minute, nor on certain seconds at the ends of the mi

as shown in the diagram.

The dashes in the diagram indicate seconds on 

signals are transmitted. The seconds marked “60” a

zero seconds of the following minutes. The dash o

beginning of the hour (shown as 59 minutes, 60 secon

much longer than the others.

In all cases, the beginning of the dash indicate

beginning of the second; the end of the dash is w

significance.

Note that the number of dashes sounded in the gr

the end of any minute indicates the number of minu

the signal yet to be sent.

200C. The Old International (ONOGO) System

The time signal is usually preceded by a prepa

signal, described where necessary in the station listin

The signal itself is described in the following tab

the transmission of the ONOGO signals, each dash 

second and each dot (•) = 0.25 second.

200D. The New International (Modified ONOGO

System

This is identical to the old system except that six do

sent at the 55th through 60th seconds of each m

(instead of the old system of three 1 second dashe

commenced at the 55th, 57th, and 59th seconds), 

constitute the time signals.

200E. The English System

The time signal on the hour is preceded by 5 minu

a preparatory signal consisting of a 0.1 second dot a

second, 1 through 59, and a 0.4 second dash at each 

minute. The beginning of each dot or dash is the 

reference point.

200F. The BBC System

The time signal on the hour is preceded by fiv

second dots sent at seconds 55 through 59. The 

marker is a 0.5 second dash. The beginning of each 

dash is the time reference point.
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 4

The United States System

Minute Second

50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 

55 – –––– 

56 –– ––– 

57 ––– –– 

58 –––– – 

59 – 

Old International (ONOGO) System

Signal Times Morse Symbols

m. s. m. s.

Letter X sent once

every 10 seconds

57 00 to 57 49 – • • – – • • – – • • – – • • – 

Letter O 57 55 to 58 00 

Letter N sent once

every 10 seconds

58 08 to 58 10 – • – • – • – • 

Letter O 58 55 to 59 00 

Letter G sent once

every 10 seconds

59 06 to 59 10 – – • – – • – – • – – • 

Letter O 59 55 to 60 00 

New International (Modified ONOGO) System

Signal Times Morse Symbols

m. s. m. s.

Letter X sent once

every 10 seconds

57 00 to 57 49 – • • – – • • – – • • – – • • – 

Six dots 57 55 to 58 00 • • 

Letter N sent once

every 10 seconds

58 08 to 58 10 – • – • – • – • 

Six dots 58 55 to 59 00 • • 

Letter G sent once

every 10 seconds

59 06 to 59 10 – – • – – • – – • – – • 

Six dots 59 55 to 60 00 • • 

The English System

M.

Seconds:

1-59 

55 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 

56 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 

57 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 

58 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 

59 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 

The BBC System

minute seconds 1-54 55 56 57 58 59 60

59 (silence) • • • • • –
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 5

200G. Codes for the Transmission of UTC

Adjustments

Currently the rate of departure between UTC and

Greenwich mean time (UT1), used in celestial navigation,

is 2.5 milliseconds a day. However, it is planned that UTC

will not normally deviate from UT1 by more than 0.9

seconds. Provision has been made to maintain this

relativity by means of step adjustments to the time signals

of exactly 1 second. These adjustments, known as leap

seconds, will normally be effected at 2400 on 30 June or

31 December. (A positive leap second begins at 23 hours,

59 minutes, 60 seconds, ending at 0 hours, 0 minutes, 0

seconds of the first day of the following month. For a

negative leap second, 23 hours, 59 minutes, 58 seconds

will be followed one second later by 0 hours, 0 minutes, 0

seconds of the first day of the following month.)

However, it is also quite possible that these dates may be

varied depending upon any unpredicted variations in the

earth’s rate of rotation.

The difference between UTC and UT1 is known as D

(for delta) UT1, the relationship being DUT1 = UT1 -

UTC. By means of a coding system incorporated in the

actual emissions, primary time signal sources will

promulgate DUT1 in integral multiples of 0.1 second.

In most cases the coding will be in the form of a ITU-R

code with emphasized second markers in the first 16

seconds following the minute marker. The emphasis of the

second markers can take the form of lengthening,

doubling, splitting or tone modulating of the normal

second markers. Each emphasized second represents a

DUT1 value of 0.1 second, the total value of DUT1 being

indicated by the number of emphasized seconds. The sign

of DUT1 is determined by the position of the coded signals

within the 16 second period, positive values being

indicated by emphasis of the first 8 seconds and negative

values being indicated by emphasis of seconds 9 to 16.

A zero value of DUT1 will be indicated by the absence

of emphasized second markers.

Time signal emissions of Russia follow this sy

additionally, they carry a similar coding of seconds 

24 or 31 to 34. The extra coding indicates a further 

(known as dUT1) to be added to the DUT1 value; th

value of the UT1 - UTC corrections being DUT1 + d

Each emphasized second represents a dUT1 value o

second.

Positive values of dUT1 are indicated by emphasi

number of consecutive second markers from secon

through 24.

Negative values of dUT1 are indicated by emphasi

number of consecutive second markers from secon

through 34.

A zero value of dUT1 is indicated by the absen

emphasized second markers.

Time signals originating from Russia will also inc

Morse code transmission of DUT1 + dUT1. 

information is broadcast by means of a three digit g

The first number indicates the sign of the differen

means a positive value and 0 means a negative value

two numbers following give the absolute value (e.g., 

-0.72 second; 128 = +0.28 second). The numbe

transmitted with an interval corresponding to the len

three dashes (approximately 0.9 second).

The information is repeated 10 to 15 times dur

minute, each group of three digits being separated 

each other by a separation marker ( • – • ).

DUT1 may also be given by voice announcement 

Morse code. For example, U.S. Naval Radio Station

standard Morse code from seconds 56 through 59 

minute (not used for time signals) to indicate the sig

value in tenths of a second of DUT1.

Positive values will be indicated by the letter “A” a

appropriate digit (e.g., • – ••• – – “A3”: add 0.3 se

Negative values will be indicated by the letter “S

the appropriate digit (e.g., • • • –––– • “S9”: su

0.9 second).

EXAMPLES:
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 6

200H. Shortwave Services Provided by the

National Institute of Standards and

Technology WWV-WWVH Broadcasts

SHORTWAVE SERVICES: NIST broadcasts time

signals continuously from the two high-frequency

(shortwave) radio stations WWV, near Fort Collins,

Colorado, and WWVH, Kekaha, Kauai, Hawaii on

frequencies of 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 MHz (also 20 MHz from

Fort Collins only). All frequencies provide the same

information. Services include time announcements,

standard time intervals, standard frequencies, UT1 time

corrections, BCD time code, geophysical alerts, marine

storm warnings, and GPS navigation system status

information. The accompanying diagrams give the hourly

broadcast schedules of WWV and WWVH. Station

locations, radiated power, and details of antennas and

modulation are given in the station listings which follow.

The NIST also broadcasts time and frequency signals from

its low frequency station, WWVB, also located at Fort

Collins, Colorado, and from two geostationary GOES

satellites.

The NIST Time and Frequency Division is internet

accessible through the World Wide Web at:

http://www.boulder.nist.gov/timefreq/index.html

ACCURACY AND STABILITY: The time and

frequency broadcasts are controlled by the NIST

Frequency Standard, which realizes the internationally

defined cesium resonance frequency with an accuracy of 1

part in 1014. The frequencies as transmitted by WWV and

WWVH are accurate to about 1 part in 100 billion (1 x

10-11) for frequency and about 0.01 millisecond (ms) for

timing. The day-to-day deviations are normally less than 1

part in 1,000 billion (1 x 10-12). However, the received

accuracy is far less due to various propagation effects

(Doppler effect, diurnal shifts, etc.) that cause fluctuations

in the carrier frequencies. The usable received accuracy is

about 1 part in 10 million (1 x 10-7) for frequency and

about 1 ms for timing.

TIME ANNOUNCEMENTS: Once per minute, voice

announcements are made from WWV and WWVH. The

two stations are distinguished by a female voice from

WWVH and a male voice from WWV. The WWVH

announcement occurs first, at 15 seconds bef

minute, while the WWV announcement occurs 

seconds before the minute. Coordinated Universal 

used in these announcements.

STANDARD TIME INTERVALS: The most f

sounds heard on WWV and WWVH are the pul

mark the seconds of each minute, except for the 2

59th second pulses which are omitted completely. T

pulse of every hour is an 800-ms pulse of 1500 H

first pulse of every minute is an 800-ms pulse of 1

at WWV and 1200 Hz at WWVH. The remaining 

pulses are brief audio bursts (5-ms pulses of 100

WWV and 1200 Hz at WWVH) that resemble the 

of a clock. Each pulse commences at the beginning 

second. They are given by means of double-s

amplitude modulation.

Each second’s pulse is preceded by 10 ms of sile

followed by 25 ms of silence to avoid interferenc

might make it difficult or impossible to pick out the 

STANDARD AUDIO FREQUENCIES: In a

minutes during most of each hour, 500 or 600 H

tones are broadcast. A 440 Hz tone, the musical 

above middle C, is broadcast once each hour. In add

being a musical standard, the 440 Hz tone can be 

provide an hourly marker for chart recorders o

automated devices.

“SILENT” PERIODS: These are periods with 

modulation. However, the carrier frequency, second 

time announcements, and 100 Hz BCD time code c

The main silent periods extend from 43 to 46 and 

to 52 minutes after the hour on WWV and from 8 to 

from 14 to 20 minutes after the hour on WWVH. M

29 and 59 on WWV and minutes 00 and 30 on WW

also silent.

BCD TIME CODE: A modified IRIG-H tim

occurs continuously on a 100 Hz subcarrier. The fo

1 pulse per second with a 1 minute time frame. 

year (2 digits), day of the year, hours, and min

binary coded decimal form. Indicators for dayligh

time and leap seconds are also included in the code

EXAMPLES:
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 7

UT1 TIME CORRECTIONS: The UTC time scale

operates on atomic frequency, but by means of resets is

made to approximate the astronomical UT1 scale. It may

disagree with UT1 by as much as 0.9 second before resets

in steps of exactly 1 second are made. For those who need

astronomical time more accurate than 0.9 second, a UTC

correction is applied through the ITU-R code described

earlier, using double ticks as emphasized markers.

GEOPHYSICAL ALERTS: Current geophysical alerts

(Geoalerts) are broadcast in voice at 18 minutes after the

hour (for WWV) and at 45 minutes after the hour (for

WWVH). The messages are less than 45 seconds in length

and are updated every three hours, i.e., 0000, 0300, 0600

UTC, etc. Part A of the message gives the solar-terrestrial

indices for the day: specifically the 2000 UTC solar flux

from Penticton, B.C., Canada at 2800 MHz, the estimated

A-index for Boulder, CO and the current Boulder K-index.

Part B gives the solar-terrestrial conditions for the previous

24 hours. Part C gives optional information on current

conditions that may exist (that is, major flares, proton or

polar cap absorption [PCA] events, or stratwarm

conditions). Part D gives the expected conditions for the

next 24 hours. For example:

A) Solar-terrestrial indices for 26 October follow:

Solar flux 173 and estimated Boulder A-index 20,

repeat: Solar flux one-seven-three and estimated Boulder

A-index two-zero.

The Boulder K-index at 1800 UTC on 26 October was

four, repeat: four.

B) Solar-terrestrial conditions for the last 24 hours

follow:

Solar activity was high.

Geomagnetic field was unsettled to active.

C) A major flare occurred at 1648 UTC on 26 October. A

satellite proton event and PCA are in progress.

D) The forecast for the next 24 hours follows:

Solar activity will be moderate to high. The

geomagnetic field will be active.

Solar activity is defined as transient perturbations of the

solar atmosphere as measured by enhanced x-ray emission,

typically associated with flares. Five standard terms are

used to describe solar activity:

The geomagnetic field experiences natural variations

classified quantitatively into six standard categories

depending upon the amplitude of the disturbance. The

Boulder K and estimated A indices determine the category

according to the following table:

Solar Flares are classified by their x-ray emission a

The letter designates the order of magnitude of the 

value. Following the letter the measured peak va

given. For descriptive purposes, a number from 1.0 

is appended to the letter designation. The number ac

multiplier. For example, a C3.2 event indicates an 

burst with peak flux of 3.2 x 10-6 Wm-2.

Forecasts are usually issued only in terms of the bro

M, and X categories. Since x-ray bursts are observe

full-sun value, bursts below the x-ray background lev

not discernible. The background drops to class A 

during solar minimum; only bursts that exceed B1

classified as x-ray events. During solar maximum 

background is often at the class M level, and the

class A, B, or C x-ray bursts cannot be seen. Data are 

the NOAA GOES satellites, monitored in real time b

Space Weather Operations (SWO) branch at the 

Environment Center (SEC). Bursts greater than 

10-3Wm-2 may saturate the GOES detectors. If satu

occurs, estimated peak flux values are reported.

The remainder of the report is as follows:

– MAJOR SOLAR FLARE: a flare which produces 

geophysical effect; usually flares that have x-rays 

class.

– PROTON FLARE: protons detected by satellite det

(or polar cap absorption by riometer) have been obs

in time association with H-alpha flare

– SATELLITE LEVEL PROTON EVENT: p

enhancement detected by Earth orbiting satellites 

measured particle flux of at least 10 protons cm-2s

at ≥ 10 MeV.

- Very low: x-ray events less than C-class.

- Low: C-class x-ray events.

- Moderate: isolated (one to four) M-class x-ray

events.

- High: several (five or more) M-class x-ray

events, or isolated (one to four) M5 or

greater x-ray events.

- Very High: several M5 or greater x-ray events.

Condition Range of A-index Typical K-ind

Quiet 0 ≤ A < 08 usually no K

indices > 2

Unsettled 08 ≤ A < 16 usually no K

indices > 3

Active 16 ≤ A < 30 a few K indic

4

Minor storm 30 ≤ A < 50 K indices mo

and 5

Major storm 50 ≤ A < 100 some K indic

or greater

Severe storm 100 ≤ A some K indic

or greater

Peak Flux Range (0.1 - 0.8 nm)

Class mks system (Wm-2) cgs system (erg cm

A f < 10-7 f < 

B 10-7 ≤ f < 10-6 10-4 ≤ f < 

C 10-6 ≤ f < 10-5 10-3 ≤ f < 

M 10-5 ≤ f < 10-4 10-2 ≤ f < 

X 10-4 ≤ f 10-1 ≤ f
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 8

– SATELLITE LEVEL PROTON EVENT: proton

enhancement detected by Earth orbiting satellites with

measured particle flux of at least 10 protons cm-2s-1ster-1

at ≥ 10 MeV.

– POLAR CAP ABSORPTION: proton-induced

absorption ≥2 dB during the daytime, 0.5 dB at night, as

measured by a 30 MHz riometer located within the polar

ice cap.

– STRATWARM: reports of stratospheric warming in the

high latitude regions of the winter hemisphere of the

earth associated with gross distortions of the normal

circulation associated with the winter season.

The Geophysical Alert messages are also available by

dialing: (1) 303-497-3235.

Inquiries regarding these messages should be addressed

to:

SPACE WEATHER OPERATIONS

NOAA

325 BROADWAY R/E/SE

BOULDER CO 80303-3328

Telephone: (1) 303-497-5127.

Fax: (1) 303-497-3137.

The Space Environment Center (SEC) provides real-time

monitoring and forecasting of solar and geophysical

events, conducts research in solar-terrestrial physics, and

develops techniques for forecasting solar and geophysical

disturbances. Information on SEC products and data is

internet accessible through the World Wide Web at:

http://www.sec.noaa.gov

PROPAGATION FORECASTS: Users interested in

further reading material on the effect of solar and

geophysical activity on radio propagation should consult

the latest edition of the Amateur Radio Handbook,

published by the American Radio Relay League.

MARINE STORM WARNINGS: Weather information

about major storms in the Atlantic and eastern North

Pacific are broadcast in voice from WWV at 8 through 10

minutes after each hour. Similar storm warnings covering

the eastern and central North Pacific are given from

WWVH at 48 through 51 minutes after each hour. An

additional segment (at 11 minutes after the hour on WWV

and at 52 minutes on WWVH) may be used when there are

unusually widespread storm conditions. The brief

messages are designed to tell mariners of storm threats in

their areas. If there are no warnings in the designated areas,

the broadcasts will so indicate. The ocean areas involved

are those for which the U.S. has warning responsibility

under international agreement. The regular times of issue

by the National Weather Service are 0500, 1100, 1700, and

2300 UTC for WWV and 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800

UTC for WWVH. These broadcasts are updated effective

with the next scheduled announcement following the time

of issue.

Mariners might expect to receive a broadcast similar to

the following:

“North Atlantic weather west of 35 West at 170

Hurricane Donna, intensifying, 24 North, 60 West, 

northwest, 20 knots, winds 75 knots; storm, 65 N

West, moving east, 10 knots; winds 50 knots, seas 1

Information regarding these announcements m

obtained from:

METEOROLOGICAL OPERATIONS DIVISIO

MARINE FORECAST BRANCH

NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER

5200 AUTH ROAD

CAMP SPRINGS MD 20746

or:

MARINE AND APPLIED SCIENCES BRANCH

 NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE

1325 EAST WEST HIGHWAY

SILVER SPRING MD 20910

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) S

ANNOUNCEMENTS: Since March 1990 the U.S

Guard has sponsored two voice announcements ea

on both WWV and WWVH. These give 

information about GPS Satellites and related ope

The announcements are at 14 through 15 minutes a

hour on WWV and at 43 through 44 minutes after t

on WWVH. For further information contact:

COMMANDING OFFICER

U.S. COAST GUARD NAVIGATION CENTER

7323 TELEGRAPH ROAD

ALEXANDRIA VA 22315-3998

Telephone: (1) 703-313-5900.

Fax: (1) 703-313-5920.

The Navigation Information Service (NIS) is 

accessible through the U.S. Coast Guard Nav

Center Website at:

http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/

http://www.navcenter.org (Mirror site)

WWVB: This station (located at 40 ̊40'

105 ̊02'39.5"W; radiated power 13 kW) broadcast

kHz. Its time scale is the same as for WWV and W

and its frequency accuracy and stability as transmi

the same. Its entire format consists of a 1 pulse per 

special binary time code giving minutes, hours, d

current year (two digits), and the correction betw

UTC time scale and UT1 astronomical time. Indica

daylight saving time, leap seconds, and leap year 

included. Identification of WWVB is made by its 

time code and a 45 ̊ carrier phase shift which occur

period between 10 minutes and 15 minutes after ea

The useful coverage area of WWVB is wit

continental United States. Propagation fluctuati

much less with WWVB than with high fre

reception, permitting frequency comparisons to be 

a few parts in 1011per day.
2 - 9

The hourly broadcast schedules of WWV.
2 - 10

The hourly broadcast schedules of WWVH.
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 11

(1)

No.

(2)

Name

(3) Hours of Transmission(4)

System

(5)

Frequency

UNITED STATES

The United States Frequency and Time Standard is maintained by the Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO

Services include time announcements, standard time intervals, standard frequencies, geophysical alerts, marine storm warnings, Global Positioning System (GPS

information, UT1 time corrections and BCD Time Codes.

2000 Fort Collins, CO (WWV). Continuous. U.S. 2.5 MHz, A9W, 2.5 kW;

5.0 MHz, A9W, 10.0 kW;

10.0 MHz, A9W, 10.0 kW;

15.0 MHz, A9W, 10.0 kW;

20.0 MHz, A9W, 2.5 kW.

2001 Kekaha, Kauai, HI (WWVH). Continuous. U.S. 2.5 MHz, A9W, 5.0 kW;

5.0 MHz, A9W, 10.0 kW;

10.0 MHz, A9W, 10.0 kW;

15.0 MHz, A9W, 10.0 kW.

ANTENNAS MODULATION: At both WWV and WWVH, double sideband amplitude modulation is employed with 50 percent modulation on steady tones, 25 perce

BCD Time Code, 100 percent for second pulses and 75 percent for voice. The broadcasts on 5, 10 and 15 MHz from WWVH are phased from vertical half-wave dipol

They are designed and oriented to radiate a cardioid pattern directing maximum gain in a westerly direction. The 2.5 MHz antenna at WWVH and all antennas at W

half-wave dipoles that radiate omnidirectional patterns.

CANADA

2020 Ottawa, Ont. (CHU). Continuous. (See below) 3330 kHz, A2A, H3E, 3 kW;

7335 kHz, A2A, H3E, 10 kW;

14670 kHz, A2A, H3E, 3 kW.

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by split pulses.

SYSTEM: 00s.: 500ms second marker. From 01s. to 28s.: Second markers of 300ms each. 29s.: Silence. From 30s. to 50s.: Second markers of 300ms each. From 

59s.: Station identification and time (+5R). At the beginning of the hour the first second marker lasts for 1s. and 500ms markers for seconds 01 to 09 are omitted. 

time code is included in second markers 31-39.

ANTENNAS: CHU broadcasts from 45-17-47N 75-45-22W using vertical antennas designed to give the best possible coverage for Canadian users.

MEXICO

2040 Chapultepec (XDD)(XDP). Weekdays: 0155-0200, 1555-1600, 1755-1800;

Sun. and holidays: 1755-1800.

U.S. XDP: 4800 kHz, A1A;

XDD: 13043 kHz, A1A.

SYSTEM: From 54m. to 55m.: “VVV DE” station call sign (“XPD” or “XDD”). From 55m. to 60m.: U.S. system, except that the second marker at 28s. is omitted each 

2041 Tacubaya (XBA). Weekdays: 0155-0200, 1555-1600, 1755-1800;

Sun. and holidays: 1755-1800.

U.S. 6976.74 kHz, A1A;

13953.6 kHz, A1A.

SYSTEM: From 54m. to 55m.: “VVV DE XBA”. From 55m. to 60m.: U.S. system, except that the second marker at 28s. is omitted each minute.

VENEZUELA

2043 Observatorio Naval Caracas (YVTO). Continuous. U.S. 5000 kHz, A9W, 10 kW.

SYSTEM: From 01s. to 29s.: second markers of 100ms each. 30s.: silence. From 31s. to 40s.: second markers of 100ms each. From 40s. to 50s.: station identific

Spanish. 51s. and 52s.: second markers of 100ms each. From 52s. to 57s.: time announcement, in Spanish. 57s. and 59s.: second markers of 100ms each. 00s

marker of 500ms (800 Hz). Second markers are 1000 Hz tone.

BRAZIL

2050.5 Rio de Janeiro (PPEI). 0025-0030, 1125-1130, 1325-1330, 1925-1930,

2325-2330.

English 8721 kHz, A1A, 2 kW.

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse.

ECUADOR

2051 Guayaquil (HD210A). 0000-1200. (See below) 3810 kHz, A1A, A3E, 1 kW.

1200-1300. 5000 kHz, A1A, A3E, 1 kW.

1300-2400. 7600 kHz, A1A, A3E, 1 kW.

SYSTEM: 00s.: minute marker of 300ms. From 01s. to 28s.: second markers of 100ms each. 29s.: silence. From 30s. to 50s.: second markers of 100ms each. F

to 52s.: silence. From 52s. to 58s.: time announcement. 59s.: silence. Call sign transmitted on 3810 kHz, 7600 kHz from 59m.-15s. to 59m.-50s. of each hour. In ad

time signals on 5000 kHz, a 600 Hz tone is transmitted 1200-1215 and a 400 Hz tone is transmitted 1215-1230.
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 12

ARGENTINA

2080 Buenos Aires (LOL). 0055-0100, 1255-1300, 2055-2100. (See below) 4856 kHz, A1A;

8030 kHz, A1A;

17180 kHz, A1A.

1100-1200, 1400-1500, 1700-1800, 2000-2100,

2300-2400.

5000 kHz, A1A, A2A, A3E, 2 kW;

10000 kHz, A1A, A2A, A3E, 2 kW;

15000 kHz, A1A, A2A, A3E, 2 kW.

A1A-ONLY FREQUENCIES:

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse.

SYSTEM: English. The marker at 29s. is omitted each minute.

OTHER FREQUENCIES:

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by lengthened signal.

SYSTEM: From 01s. to 58s.: second markers of 5ms each. 59s.: silence. 00s.: minute marker of 5ms.

CARRIER MODULATION: From 00m. to 03m., 10m. to 13m., 20m. to 23m., 30m. to 33m., 40m. to 43m., 50m. to 53m.: 1000 Hz tone. From 03m. to 05m., 08

13m. to 15m., 18m. to 20m., 23m. to 25m., 28m. to 30m., 33m. to 35m., 38m. to 40m., 43m. to 45m., 48m. to 50m., 53m. to 55m., 58m. to 60m.: “LOL” in morse co

identification and time (+3P) in voice. From 05m. to 08m., 15m. to 18m., 25m. to 28m., 35m. to 38m., 45m. to 48m.: 440 Hz tone.

2081 Buenos Aires (LQB)(LQC). 2200-2205, 2345-2350. (See below) LQB9: 8167.5 kHz, A2A, A3E, 10 kW.

1000-1005, 1145-1150. LQC20: 17550 kHz, A2A, A3E, 10 kW.

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse.

SYSTEM: From 55m. to 00m./40m. to 45m.: “CQCQCQ DE” followed by call sign (“LQB” or “LQC”) repeated three times. From 00m. to 05m./45m. to 50m.: seco

of 300ms each (except omitted on 59s. of each minute); minute markers of 500ms each. After 05m./50m., “OKOKOK” is broadcast if time signals were valid, “N

invalid.

CZECH REPUBLIC

2091 Liblice (OMA). Continuous. (See below) 50 kHz, A1A, 7 kW.

50 kHz FREQUENCY:

SYSTEM: Carrier interruptions of 100ms each second, 500ms each minute.

TRANSMITTER: Backup transmitter, 0.05kW, used 0600-1200 first Wed. each month.

BELARUS

2150 Molodechno (RJH69). Daylight savings time in effect:

0836-0855, 2136-2155;

Daylight savings time not in effect:

0736-0755, 1936-1955.

(See below) 25 kHz, A1A, 300 kW.

Not transmitted on 2nd, 12th, 22nd of each

month.

SYSTEM: From 36m. to 37m.: call sign. From 37m. to 40m.: carrier. From 40m. to 43m.: sub-second markers of 12.5ms every 25ms. From 43m. to 52m.: sub-seco

of 25ms every 100ms; second markers of 100ms each; 10-second markers of 1s. each; minute markers of 10s. each. From 52m. to 55m.: sub-second markers 

every 25ms.

RUSSIA

2202 Moskva (RWM). Continuous. (See below) 4996 kHz, A1A, 5 kW;

9996 kHz, A1A, 5 kW;

14996 kHz, A1A, 8 kW.

DUT1 AND dUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse with 100ms separation, between 10m.-20m. and 40m.-50m.

SYSTEM: From 00m. to 08m.: carrier. From 08m. to 09m.: silence. From 09m. to 10m.: call sign. From 10m. to 20m.: second markers of 100ms each, minute 

500ms each. From 20m. to 30m.: sub-second markers of 20ms every 100ms, second markers of 40ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 30m. to 38

From 38m. to 39m.: silence. From 39m. to 40m.: call sign. From 40m. to 50m.: second markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 50m. to 0

second markers of 20ms every 100ms, second markers of 40ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. Markers omitted between 56s. and 59s. at 14m., 19m., 2

44m., 49m., 54m., 59m.

TRANSMITTERS: 4996 kHz off-air 0500-1300 first Wed. each quarter. 9996 kHz off-air 0500-1300 second Wed. each quarter. 14996 kHz off-air 0500-1300 third 

odd month.

2202.5 Moskva (RBU). January-June: 0252-0313, 0852-0913,

1452-1513, 2052-2113;

July-December: 0852-0913, 2052-2113.

(See below) 66.67 kHz, A1A, 10 kW.

DUT1 AND dUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse with 100ms separation, between 00m.-05m.

SYSTEM: From 52m. to 59m.: carrier. From 59m. to 00m.: sub-second markers of 20ms every 100ms, second markers of 40ms, minute markers of 500ms each. 

to 05m.: second markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 05m. to 06m.: call sign. From 06m. to 13m.: carrier.

TRANSMITTER: Off-air 0500-1300 third Tues. each month.

(1)

No.

(2)

Name

(3)

Hours of Transmission

(4)

System

(5)

Frequency
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 13

2203 Gorky (RJH99). Daylight savings time in effect:

0736-0755, 1436-1455, 1936-1955;

Daylight savings time not in effect:

0536-0555, 1336-1355, 1836-1855.

(See below) 25 kHz, A1A, 300 kW.

Not transmitted on 8th, 18th, 28th of each month.

SYSTEM: From 36m. to 37m.: call sign. From 37m. to 40m.: carrier. From 40m. to 43m.: sub-second markers of 12.5ms every 25ms. From 43m. to 52m.: sub-second 

of 25ms every 100ms, second markers of 100ms each, 10-second markers of 1s. each, minute markers of 10s. each. From 52m. to 55m.: sub-second markers o

every 25ms.

2204 Novosibirsk (RTA). 0000-0530, 1400-2400. (See below) 10000 kHz, A1A, 5 kW.

0630-1330. 15000 kHz, A1A, 5 kW.

Transmission times 1 hr. later on both

frequencies when daylight savings time in effect.

DUT1 AND dUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse with 100ms separation, between 00m.-10m. and 30m.-40m.

SYSTEM: From 00m. to 10m.: second markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 10m. to 20m.: sub-second markers of 20ms every 100ms

markers of 40ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 20m. to 28m.: carrier. From 28m. to 29m.: silence. From 29m. to 30m.: call sign. From 30m. to 40m.

markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 40m. to 50m.: sub-second markers of 20ms every 100ms, second markers of 40ms each, minute m

500ms each. From 50m. to 58m.: carrier. From 58m. to 59m.: silence. From 59m. to 00m.: call sign. Markers omitted between 56s. and 59s. at 04m., 09m., 14m

34m., 39m., 44m., 49m.

TRANSMITTERS: Both frequencies off-air 0000-1000 first and third Thurs. each month.

2205 Irkutsk (RID). Continuous. (See below) 5004 kHz, A1A, 1 kW;

10004 kHz, A1A, 1 kW;

15004 kHz, A1A, 1 kW.

DUT1 AND dUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse with 100ms separation, between 20m.-30m. and 50m.-00m.

SYSTEM: From 00m. to 10m.: sub-second markers of 20ms every 100ms, second markers of 40ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 10m. to 18m.: carri

18m. to 19m.: silence. From 19m. to 20m.: call sign. From 20m. to 30m.: second markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 30m. to 40m.: sub

markers of 20ms every 100ms, second markers of 40ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 40m. to 48m.: carrier. From 48m. to 49m.: silence. From 49m. 

call sign. From 50m. to 00m.: second markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. Markers omitted between 56s. and 59s. at 04m., 09m., 24m., 29m

39m., 54m., 59m.

TRANSMITTERS: 5004, 15004 kHz off-air 0000-0800 second Tues. and third Sun. each month. 10004 kHz off-air 0000-0800 third Tues. and third Sun. each mon

2205.5 Irkutsk (RTZ). 0000-2100, 2200-2400. (See below) 50 kHz, A1A, 10 kW.

DUT1 AND dUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse with 100ms separation, between 00m.-05m.

SYSTEM: From 00m. to 05m.: second markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 05m. to 06m.: call sign. From 06m. to 59m.: carrier. From 

00m.: sub-second markers of 20ms every 100ms, second markers of 40ms each, minute markers of 500ms each.

TRANSMITTER: Transmitter off-air 0000-0800 first, third, fourth Mon. each month.

2206 Khabarovsk (UQC3). Daylight savings time in effect:

0236-0255, 0636-0655, 1836-1855;

Daylight savings time not in effect:

0036-0055, 0636-0655, 1736-1755.

(See below) 25 kHz, A1A, 300 kW.

Not transmitted on 10th, 20th, 30th of each

month.

SYSTEM: From 36m. to 37m.: call sign. From 37m. to 40m.: carrier. From 40m. to 43m.: sub-second markers of 12.5ms every 25ms. From 43m. to 52m.: sub-second 

of 25ms every 100ms, second markers of 100ms each, 10-second markers of 1s. each, minute markers of 10s. each. From 52m. to 55m.: sub-second markers o

every 25ms.

2209 Arkhangel'sk (RJH77). 0836-0855, 1136-1155; 1 hr. later when daylight

savings time in effect.

(See below) 25 kHz, A1A, 300 kW.

Not transmitted on 4th, 14th, 24th of each month.

SYSTEM: From 36m. to 37m.: call sign. From 37m. to 40m.: carrier. From 40m. to 43m.: sub-second markers of 12.5ms every 25ms. From 43m. to 52m.: sub-second 

of 25ms every 100ms, second markers of 100ms each, 10-second markers of 1s. each, minute markers of 10s. each. From 52m. to 55m.: sub-second markers o

every 25ms.

KYRGYZSTAN

2211 Frunze (RJH66). Daylight savings time in effect:

0536-0555, 1136-1155, 2336-2355;

Daylight savings time not in effect:

0436-0455, 0936-0955, 2136-2155.

(See below) 25 kHz, A1A, 300 kW.

Not transmitted on 6th, 16th, 26th of each month.

SYSTEM: From 36m. to 37m.: call sign. From 37m. to 40m.: carrier. From 40m. to 43m.: sub-second markers of 12.5ms every 25ms. From 43m. to 52m.: sub-second 

of 25ms every 100ms, second markers of 100ms each, 10-second markers of 1s. each, minute markers of 10s. each. From 52m. to 55m.: sub-second markers o

every 25ms.

(1)

No.

(2)

Name

(3)

Hours of Transmission

(4)

System

(5)

Frequency
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 14

UZBEKISTAN

2212 Tashkent (ULW4). 0000-0400, 0500-2400. (See below) 2500 kHz, A1A, 1 kW.

0000-0400, 1400-2400. 5000 kHz, A1A, 1 kW.

0500-1330. 10000 kHz, A1A, 1 kW.

1 hr. later when daylight savings time in effect.

DUT1 AND dUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulses with 100ms separation, between 00m.-10m. and 30m.-40m.

SYSTEM: From 00m. to 10m.: second markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 10m. to 20m.: sub-second markers of 20ms every 100m

markers of 40ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 20m. to 28m.: carrier. From 28m. to 29m.: silence. From 29m. to 30m.: call sign. From 30m. to 40

markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 500ms each. From 40m. to 50m.: sub-second markers of 20ms every 100ms, second markers of 40ms each, minute 

500ms each. From 50m. to 58m.: carrier. From 58m. to 59m.: silence. From 59m. to 00m.: call sign. Markers between 56s. and 59s. omitted at 04m., 09m., 1

34m., 39m., 44m., 49m.

TRANSMITTERS: All off-air 0100-1100 third Mon. each month.

GERMANY

2320 Mainflingen (DCF77). Continuous. (See below) 77.5 kHz, A1A, A3E, 38 kW.

SYSTEM: Carrier interruptions act as second markers. From 00s. to 19s.: second markers of 100ms each. 20s.: second marker of 200ms. From 21s. to 27s.: seco

of 100ms or 200ms each; these markers are used to send binary time code information. 100ms marker—binary 0, 200ms marker—binary 1. 28s.: second marke

From 29s. to 34s.: binary second markers of 100ms or 200ms each. 35s.: second marker of 100ms. From 36s. to 57s.: binary second markers of 100ms or 20

58s.: second marker of 100ms. 59s.: uninterrupted carrier. Station call sign transmitted twice using audio modulation of the carrier at 19m., 39m., 59m.; second m

not interrupted.

ANTENNAS: When backup antenna is used, marker at 15s. is lengthened.

UNITED KINGDOM

2351 Rugby (MSF). Continuous. (See below) 60 kHz, A1A, 27 kW.

SYSTEM: National Physical Laboratory (NPL) Computer Time Service via Modem (NPL Truetime). NPL offers a service which allows a computer to set its clo

1/50th of a second by direct telephone connection to the National Time Scale at the NPL in Teddington, Middlesex. A call to the service, at any time of the day or n

a computer equipped with a suitable modem and software to correct its clock. The service uses a premium-rate telephone number. For further information conta

and Frequency Services, NPL at:

Inquiries telephone.....(011) 44-01819436880

NPL Truetime Telephone.....0891 516333 (UK only)

Fax.....(011) 44-01819436458

E-mail.....time@npl.co.uk

Internet.....http://www.npl.co.uk/npl/ctm/index.html

TRANSMITTER: Transmitter off-air 1000-1400 (1 hr. earlier when daylight savings time is in effect) first Tues. each month.

2360 BBC-Radio 1. Mon.-Fri.: 0700, 0800;

Sat.: 1300;

Sun.: Nil.

(See below) 1053 kHz, A3E, 1-150 kW;

1089 kHz, A3E, 1-150 kW;

97.6-99.8 MHz, F3E (97.1 MHz for Chann

Islands).

1 hr. earlier when daylight savings time in effect.

SYSTEM: From 59m.-55s. to 59m.-59s.: second markers of 100ms each. 00m.-00s.: minute marker of 500ms.

2361 BBC-Radio 2. Mon.-Fri.: 0000, 0700, 0800, 1300, 1700;

Sat.: 0000, 0700, 0800;

Sun.: 0000, 0800, 0900, 1900.

(See below) 88-90.2 MHz, F3E (89.6 MHz for Channe

1 hr. earlier when daylight savings time in effect.

SYSTEM: From 59m.-55s. to 59m.-59s.: second markers of 100ms each. 00m.-00s.:

minute marker of 500ms.

2362 BBC-Radio 3. Mon.-Fri.: 0700, 0800;

Sat.: 0600, 0700.

(See below) 90.2-92.4 MHz, F3E (91.1 MHz for Chann

Islands).

1 hr. earlier when daylight savings time in effect.

SYSTEM: From 59m.-55s. to 59m.-59s.: second markers of 100ms each. 00m.-00s.: minute marker of 500ms.

(1)

No.

(2)

Name

(3) Hours of Transmission(4)

System

(5)

Frequency
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 15

2363 BBC-Radio 4. Mon.-Fri.: 0600, 0700, 0800, 0900, 1000, 1100,

1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1900,

2200;

Sat.: 0700, 0800, 0900, 1000, 1100, 1300, 1400,

1600;

Sun.: 0600, 0700, 0800, 0900, 1300, 1700, 2100.

(See Below) 198 kHz, A3E, 50-400 kW;

Tyneside: 603 kHz, A3E, 2 kW;

London: 720 kHz, A3E, 0.5.kW;

N. Ireland: 720 kHz, A3E, 0.25-10 kW;

Redruth: 756 kHz, A3E, 2 kW;

Plymouth: 774 kHz, A3E, 1 kW;

Aberdeen: 1449 kHz, A3E, 2 kW;

Carlisle: 1485 kHz, A3E, 1 kW;

92.4-94.6 MHz, F3E (94.8 MHz for Channel

Islands).

1 hr. earlier when daylight savings time in effect.

SYSTEM: From 59m.-55s. to 59m.-59s.: second markers of 100ms each. 00m.-00s.: minute marker of 500ms.

2370 BBC-World Service. 0000, 0200, 0300, 0400, 0500. (See below) 198 kHz.

0000, 0200, 0300, 0600, 0700, 0800, 0900,

1100, 1200, 1300, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1900,

2000, 2200, 2300.

648 kHz.

0200, 0300, 0600, 2200, 2300. 1296 kHz.

0400, 0500, 0600. 3955 kHz.

0200, 0300, 0400, 0500, 0600, 0700, 1500,

1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2200.

6195 kHz.

0600, 0700, 0800. 7150 kHz.

0300, 0400. 7230 kHz.

0000, 0200, 0300, 0700, 0800, 0900, 2000,

2200, 2300.

7325 kHz.

0200, 0300, 0400, 0500, 0600, 0700, 0800,

0900, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1500, 1600, 1700,

1800, 1900, 2000, 2200, 2300.

9410 kHz.

0900, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1500. 9750 kHz.

0700, 0800, 0900, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1500,

1600.

9760 kHz.

0000, 0200, 0300, 2200, 2300. 9915 kHz.

0000, 0200, 0300, 0400, 0500, 0600, 0700,

0800, 0900, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1500, 1600,

1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2200, 2300.

12095 kHz.

0000, 0500, 0600, 0700, 0800, 0900, 1100,

1200, 1300, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900,

2000, 2200, 2300.

15070 kHz.

2200, 2300. 15340 kHz.

0700, 0800, 0900, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1500. 17640 kHz.

0800, 0900, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1500, 1600. 17705 kHz.

SYSTEM: From 59m.-55s. to 59m.-59s.: second markers of 100ms each. 00m.-00s.: minute marker of 500ms.

NOTE: Not intended for precise use. Direct transmissions from United Kingdom will normally be received within 0.1s. of UTC, but signals from overseas relay stati

have additional errors of up to 0.25s.

FRANCE

2380 France Inter (Allouis) (TDF). Continuous, except 0100-0500 each Tues. (See below) 162 kHz, A3E.

SYSTEM: From 00s. to 20s.: second markers of 100ms each. From 21s. to 58s.: time and date announcement. 59s.: emphasized second marker of 100ms. Othe

markers are emphasized to indicate the following: 13s. - the day preceding a holiday; 14s. - holiday; 17s. - local time is -2B; 18s. - local time is -1A.

SWITZERLAND

2400 Prangins (HBG). Continuous in the absence of telegraph traffic. (See below) 75 kHz, A1A, 20 kW.

SYSTEM: Carrier interruptions act as markers. From 01s. to 59s.: second markers of 100ms each. 00s.: minute marker of double pulse, 100ms each. 00m.-00s.: hou

of triple pulse, 100ms each. 12h./24h.-00m.-00s.: 12-hour marker of quadruple pulse, 100ms each.

(1)

No.

(2)

Name

(3) Hours of Transmission(4)

System

(5)

Frequency
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 16

ITALY

2410 Roma (IAM). Mon.-Sat.: 0730-0830, 1030-1130. (See below) 5000 kHz, A2A, A3E, 1 kW.

1 hr. earlier when daylight savings time in effect.

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse.

SYSTEM: From 01s. to 59s.: second markers of 5ms each. 00s.: minute marker of 20ms. At 00m., 15m., 30m., 45m.: station identification in morse code and Italia

20m., 35m., 50m.: “IAM IAM IAM”, time in morse code.

2411 Torino (IBF). 0545-0600, 0645-0700, 0845-0900, 0945-1000,

1045-1100, 1145-1200, 1245-1300, 1345-1400,

1445-1500, 1545-1600, 1645-1700.

(See below) 5000 kHz, A2A, A3E, 5 kW.

1 hr. earlier when daylight savings time in effect.

DUT1: Marked second indicated by double pulse.

SYSTEM: 45m.: station identification. From 45m. to 00m.: second markers of 5ms each, minute markers of septuple pulses of 5ms each. 50m.: “IBF IBF IBF”, ti

morse code. 00m.: “IBF IBF IBF”, time (-1A) in morse code, station identification.

CHILE

2445 Valparaiso Playa Ancha Radiomaritima

(CBV).

0055-0100, 1155-1200, 1555-1600, 1955-2000. U.S. 4228 kHz, A2A;

8677 kHz, A2A.

PERU

2461 Peru National Radio. 0300, 1300, 1700, 2300. U.S. 609.5 kHz, A3E;

850 kHz, A3E;

103.9 MHz, F3E.

SYSTEM: The hour marker of 1s. commences at 59m.-59s.

2462 Radio Victoria. 0300, 1300, 1700, 2300. U.S. 780 kHz, J3E.

SYSTEM: The hour marker of 1s. commences at 59m.-59s.

INDIA

2476 New Delhi (ATA). 1230-0330. (See below) 5000 kHz, A1A, 8 kW.

Continuous. 10000 kHz, A1A, A3E, 8 kW.

0330-1230. 15000 kHz, A1A, 8 kW.

SYSTEM: 00m.: call sign and time in morse code. From 00m. to 04m.: second markers of 5ms 1000 Hz modulation each, minute markers of 100ms 1000 Hz 

each. From 04m. to 15m.: second markers of 5ms each, minute markers of 100ms each. 15m.: call sign and time in morse code. From 15m. to 19m.: second 

5ms 1000 Hz each, minute markers of 100ms 1000 Hz each. From 19m. to 30m.: second markers of 5ms each, minute markers of 100ms each. 30m.: call sign 

morse code. From 30m. to 34m.: second markers of 5ms 1000 Hz each, minute markers of 100ms 1000 Hz each. From 34m. to 45m.: second markers of 5ms ea

markers of 100ms each. 45m.: call sign and time in morse code. From 45m. to 49m.: second pulses of 5ms 1000 Hz each, minute markers of 100ms 1000 Hz 

49m. to 00m.: second markers of 5ms each, minute markers of 100ms each. All time signals are sent 50ms in advance of UTC.

SRI LANKA

2480 Colombo (4PB). 0555-0600, 1325-1330. English 482 kHz, A2A, 1 kW;

8473 kHz, A1A, 2.5 kW.

SYSTEM: From 53m./23m. to 55m./25m.: “CQ DE 4PB TIME SIGNALS AS”. From 55m./25m. to 00m./30m.: second markers of 100ms each, minute markers of 40

CHINA

2485.1 Shanghai (XSG). 0256-0856. (See below) 458 kHz, A1A, A2A;

4290 kHz, A1A;

6414.5 kHz, A1A;

6454 kHz, A1A;

8487 kHz, A1A;

8502 kHz, A1A;

12871.5 kHz, A1A;

12954 kHz, A1A;

17002.4 kHZ, A1A.

SYSTEM: From 59m.-55s. to 59m.-59s.: second markers of 100ms each. 00m.-00s.: minute marker of 100ms.

(1)

No.

(2)

Name

(3)

Hours of Transmission

(4)

System

(5)

Frequency
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 17

2490 Xian (BPM). 0730-0100. (See below) 2500 kHz, A1A, A3E.

Continuous. 5000 kHz, A1A, A3E.

Continuous. 10000 kHz, A1A, A3E.

0100-0900. 15000 kHz, A1A, A3E.

SYSTEM: From 00m. to 10m.: UTC second markers of 10ms each, UTC minute markers of 300ms each. From 10m. to 15m.: carrier. From 15m. to 25m.: UTC 

markers of 10ms each, UTC minute markers of 300ms each. From 25m. to 29m.: UT1 second markers of 100ms each, UT1 minute markers of 300ms each. From 2

to 29m.-40s.: “BPM” in morse code. From 29m.-40s. to 30m.-00s.: “BPM” and other station identification in Chinese. From 30m. to 40m.: UTC second markers of 10m

UTC minute markers of 300ms each. From 40m. to 45m.: carrier. From 45m. to 55m.: UTC second markers of 10ms each, UTC minute markers of 300ms each. Fr

to 59m.: UT1 second markers of 100ms each, UT1 minute markers of 300ms each. From 59m.-00s. to 59m.-40s.: “BPM” in morse code. From 59m.-40s. to 00m.-00s

and other station identification in Chinese. All UTC signals are broadcast 20ms in advance of UTC.

JAPAN

2500 Sanwa (JG2AS). Continuous in the absence of telegraph traffic. (See below) 40 kHz, A1A, 10 kW.

SYSTEM: From 00m.-01s. to 00m.-58s.: second markers of 500ms each. 00m.-59s.: second marker of 200ms. 01m.-00s.: minute marker of 500ms. At 15m. an

“JG2AS JG2AS JG2AS” in morse code.

2501 Sanwa (JJY). Continuous. (See below) 2500 kHz, A9W, 2 kW;

5000 kHz, A9W, 2 kW;

8000 kHz, A9W, 2 kW;

10000 kHz, A9W, 2 kW;

15000 kHz, A9W, 2 kW.

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by 45ms pulses.

SYSTEM: Second markers of 5ms 1600 Hz tone each are used. The second marker indicating the minute is preceded by an annunciatory marker: from 59.000s. to 

a second marker of 5ms 1600 Hz tone; from 59.005s. to 59.045s. silence; from 59.045s. to 59.700s. annunciatory marker of 655ms 600 Hz; from 59.700s. to 00.000s

from 00.000s. to 00.005s. a second marker of 5ms 1600 Hz. The carrier is modulated by a 1000 Hz tone as well as the second markers during alternating 5m. period

00m. to 05m.: second markers and 1000 Hz tone. From 05m. to 09m.: second markers only. From 09m. to 10m.: second markers; “JJY JJY” and time (-9I) in mo

and then in voice; radio propagation warnings in morse code: “N” - normal, “U” - unstable, “W” - disturbed. This 10m. cycle is repeated throughout each hour except 

to 39m., which is a silent period.

REPUBLIC OF KOREA

2505 Taedok (HLA). Mon.-Fri.: 0100-0800. (See below) 5000 kHz.

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by double pulse.

SYSTEM: 00s.: minute marker of 500ms 1800 Hz tone. From 01s. to 28s.: second markers of 5ms 1800 Hz tone each. 29s.: silence. From 30s. to 52s.: second m

5ms 1800 Hz tone each. From 53s. to 58s.: time announcement by voice. 59s.: silence. 00m.: hour marker of 500ms 1500 Hz tone. A binary time code is tra

continuously on a 100 kHz subcarrier.

PHILIPPINES

2530 Manila (DUW21). Every even hour +55m. to +60m. U.S. 3650 kHz, A1A, 0.5 kW.

(1)

No.

(2)

Name

(3) Hours of Transmission(4)

System

(5)

Frequency
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 18

AUSTRALIA

2600 Radio Australia. 0700, 0800, 0900, 1000, 1100, 1200. (See below) 6020 kHz.

1500, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000. 6060 kHz.

0700, 0800, 0900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1500,

1700, 1800, 1900, 2000.

6080 kHz.

0900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500,

1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000.

7240 kHz.

1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000. 7260 kHz.

0900, 1000, 1100. 9510 kHz.

0900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500,

1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000.

9580 kHz.

2100, 2200. 9645 kHz.

0700, 0800, 0900, 1000, 1100, 1200. 9710 kHz.

1500, 1600. 9770 kHz.

1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000. 11660 kHz.

1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000. 11695 kHz.

0000, 0100, 0200, 0300, 0700, 0800, 0900,

1000, 1100, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300.

11720 kHz.

1300, 1400, 1500. 11800 kHz.

2100, 2200. 11855 kHz.

0000, 0100, 0200, 0300, 0700, 0800, 1700,

1800, 1900, 2000, 2200, 2300.

11880 kHz.

0700, 0800. 11910 kHz.

0000, 0900, 1000, 1100. 13605 kHz.

1300, 1400. 13755 kHz.

0900, 1000, 1100. 15170 kHz.

0000, 0100, 0200, 0300, 2300. 15240 kHz.

0000, 0100, 0200, 0300, 2100, 2200, 2300. 15320 kHz.

0000, 0700, 0800, 2100, 2200, 2300. 15365 kHz.

0100, 0200, 0300. 15510 kHz.

1200. 15530 kHz.

1200. 15565 kHz.

0700, 0800. 17695 kHz.

0100, 0200, 0300. 17715 kHz.

0000, 0100, 0200, 0300, 0700, 0800. 17750 kHz.

0000, 2200, 2300. 17795 kHz.

0000, 0100, 0200, 0300. 17880 kHz.

0700, 0800. 21525 kHz.

0100, 0200, 0300, 0700, 0800. 21595 kHz.

0900, 1000, 1100. 21725 kHz.

0000, 0400, 0500, 0600, 2200, 2300. 21740 kHz.

SYSTEM: From 59m.-55s. to 59m.-59s.: second markers of 100ms each. 00m.-00s.: minute marker of 500ms. In addition a warning signal consisting of a s

transmitted 5s. before the first series of six dots (at ten seconds before the hour).

(1)

No.

(2)

Name

(3)

Hours of Transmission

(4)

System

(5)

Frequency
RADIO TIME SIGNALS

2 - 19

2601 Llandilo, Penrith (VNG). Continuous. (See below) 2500 kHz, H9W, 1 kW;

5000 kHz, B9W, 10 kW;

8638 kHz, A1A, 10 kW;

12984 kHz, A1A, 10 kW.

2200-1000. 16000 kHz, B9W, 5 kW.

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by a double pulse.

SYSTEM: 00s.: minute marker of 500ms. From 01s. to 16s.: second markers of 50ms each, lengthened (as necessary) by 50ms of 900 Hz tone to indicate the curre

of DUT1. From 17s. to 19s.: second markers of 50ms each. 20s.: second marker of 200ms. From 21s. to 46s.: second markers of 100ms or 200ms each, indicating 

of day and the day of the year in machine readable CCIR code. From 47s. to 49s.: second markers of 50ms each. From 50s. to 54s.: second markers of 5ms eac

55s. to 58s.: second markers of 50ms each. 59s.: silent. Every 5th minute from 50s. to 58s.: second markers of 5ms each. Second markers of 1000 Hz tone are u

frequencies 2500, 5000 and 16000 kHz from 01s. to 03s. of each minute a female voice announces the time of day of the preceding minute marker. On frequenci

5000 and 16000 kHz from 21s. to 49s. on every 15th minute a male voice announces the details of the service. On frequencies 8638 and 12984 kHz for one minute f

14m.-00s., 29m.-00s., 44m.-00s. and 59m.-00s. the call sign VNG (which may be distorted) is transmitted in slow morse at an audio tone of about 400 Hz.

INDONESIA

2633 Jakarta (PKI)(PLC). 0055-0100. Modified ONOGO PKI: 8542 kHz, A1A, 1-3 kW;

PLC: 11440 kHz, A1A.

TAIWAN

2635 Chung-Li (BSF). Continuous. (See below) 5000 kHz, A1A, A2A;

15000 kHz, A1A, A2A.

DUT1: Marked seconds indicated by lengthened pulse.

SYSTEM: Second markers of 5ms each and minute markers of 300ms each are used. A 1000 Hz tone is transmitted constantly except from 40ms before to 40ms a

marker during alternating 5m. periods. From 00m. to 05m.: markers with 1000 Hz tone. From 05m. to 10m.: markers without the 1000 Hz tone. This 10m. cycle is r

throughout the hour except for 35m. to 40m., which is a silent period.

(1)

No.

(2)

Name

(3)

Hours of Transmission

(4)

System

(5)

Frequency