Advisory 

Circular

 

Subject: Certification: Pilots and Flight and 

Ground Instructors

Date: 11/29/05

Initiated by: AFS-800 

AC No: 61-65E 

This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance for pilots, flight instructors, ground instructors, 

and examiners on the certification standards, knowledge test procedures, and other requirements 

in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61. This revision provides 

guidance for those persons seeking sport pilot certification. 

Original signed by John M. Allen for 

James J. Ballough, Director 

Flight Standards Service 

Page i (and ii) 

11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

CONTENTS 

Par. Page 

1. Purpose........................................................................................................................................1 

2. Cancellation ...............................................................................................................................1 

3. Related Reading Material (Current Editions) .............................................................................1 

4. Pilot Training and Testing ..........................................................................................................1 

5. Knowledge Tests.........................................................................................................................2 

6. Completion of Ground Training or a Home Study Curriculum..................................................2 

7. Evidence of Identity and Age .....................................................................................................3 

8. Practical Tests.............................................................................................................................4 

9. Light-Sport Aircraft with a Single Pilot Station .........................................................................4 

10. Prerequisites for Practical Tests................................................................................................5 

11. Student Pilot Certification.........................................................................................................6 

12. Presolo Requirements ...............................................................................................................7 

13. Additional Solo Privileges........................................................................................................7 

14. Sport Pilot Certification ............................................................................................................9 

15. Recreational Pilot Certification...............................................................................................10 

16. Private Pilot Certification .......................................................................................................10 

17. Commercial Pilot Certification...............................................................................................11 

18. Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Certification............................................................................11 

19. Flight Instructors Other Than Flight Instructors with a Sport Pilot Rating ............................12 

20. Flight Instructors with a Sport Pilot Rating ............................................................................12

21. Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificates (Except Those with a Sport Pilot Rating)................14 

22. Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificates (With a Sport Pilot Rating)......................................14 

23. Renewal of a Flight Instructor Certificate ..............................................................................15

24. Expired Flight Instructor Certificate.......................................................................................16 

25. Instrument Rating....................................................................................................................16 

26. Additional Aircraft Ratings (Other than ATP) .......................................................................17 

27. Additional Category/Class Rating at the ATP Certification Level.........................................17 

28. Other Instructor Endorsements...............................................................................................18 

29. Ground Instructor Certification...............................................................................................18 

30. Authorized Instructors ............................................................................................................18 

31. Additional Training for Gliders..............................................................................................18 

32. Aeronautical Experience CreditUltralight Vehicles...........................................................19 

33. How to Obtain Electronically .................................................................................................19 

APPENDIX 1. CONTENTSINSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENTS (18 pages)......................1 

Page iii (and iv)

11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

1. PURPOSE. This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance for pilots, flight instructors, 

ground instructors, and examiners on the certification standards, knowledge test procedures, and 

other requirements in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61. 

2. CANCELLATION. AC 61-65D, Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors, 

dated September 20, 1999, is canceled. 

3. RELATED READING MATERIAL (CURRENT EDITIONS). 

a. AC 61-98, Currency and Additional Qualification Requirements for Certificated Pilots. 

b. AC 61-107, Operations of Aircraft at Altitudes Above 25,000 Feet MSL and/or MACH 

Numbers (MMO) Greater Than .75. 

c. FAA-G-8082-1, Airline Transport Pilot, Aircraft Dispatcher, and Flight Navigator 

Knowledge Test Guide. 

d. FAA-G-8082-5, Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Guide. 

e. FAA-G-8082-7, Flight and Ground Instructor Knowledge Test Guide. 

f. FAA-G-8082-13, Instrument Rating Knowledge Test Guide. 

g. FAA-G-8082-17, Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot Knowledge Test Guide. 

h. FAA Order 8710.3, Designated Pilot and Flight Engineer Examiner’s Handbook. 

i. FAA Order 8710.7, Sport Pilot Examiner’s Handbook. 

j. Part 61 quality assurance (Q&A) and part 141 Q&As are located on the Federal Aviation 

Administration (FAA) General Aviation and Commercial Division (AFS-800) home page at 

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs800/afs810/more/.

These documents do not include information on sport pilots, flight instructors with a sport pilot 

rating, or private weight-shift-control or powered parachute ratings. 

k. FAA Order 8080.6, Conduct of Airman Knowledge Tests. 

4. PILOT TRAINING AND TESTING. Part 61 contains the aeronautical experience,

certification requirements, responsibilities, privileges, and limitations for each grade of

certificate: student pilot, sport pilot, recreational pilot, private pilot, commercial pilot, airline 

transport pilot, instrument rating, flight instructor, and ground instructor. Under the “total 

training concept,” the areas of operation specified for each grade of certificate by part 61 

encompasses the areas of operation and tasks contained in the practical test standards (PTS). 

Instructors are responsible for training applicants “. . . to acceptable standards in all subject 

matter areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the tasks within the appropriate practical 

test standard.” For example: 

a. An applicant for a private pilot certificate must have logged the aeronautical experience 

as required by part 61 and have had his/her logbook endorsed by his/her certificated flight 

instructor (CFI) who determines that the applicant is proficient in the appropriate areas of 

operation listed in section 61.107(b). 

b. The flight maneuvers associated with each of the areas of operation listed in 

section 61.107 are found under similar titles in the current editions of the appropriate PTS. The 

standards for successful completion of each maneuver and procedure are noted in the elements of 

each task in the appropriate PTS. 

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AC 61-65E 11/29/05 

5. KNOWLEDGE TESTS. The knowledge tests for the sport pilot certificate, recreational 

pilot certificate, private pilot certificate, commercial pilot certificate, airline transport pilot (ATP) 

certificate, flight instructor certificate, ground instructor certificate, and ratings cover the subject 

areas in which aeronautical knowledge is required by part 61. 

a. If required by section 61.35(a)(1), an appropriate knowledge test will only be 

administered to an applicant who presents acceptable evidence of completion of the required 

training. 

b. Applicants are not required to show such evidence to take the ATP, CFI, certificated 

ground instructor (CGI), military competency, or foreign pilot instrument knowledge tests unless 

they are applying to retake a test after failing that test (per section 61.49). 

c. The FAA computerized knowledge test program has been implemented to provide 

expeditious testing services for applicants at locations and times convenient to the public. For 

location of computerized testing centers, contact the nearest Flight Standards District Office 

(FSDO) or use the list of computerized testing centers at 

http://www.faa.gov/education_research/testing/airmen/media/test_centers.pdf.

6. COMPLETION OF GROUND TRAINING OR A HOME STUDY CURRICULUM. 

Ground training courses to prepare for the aeronautical knowledge test may be offered by pilot 

schools, colleges, aviation organizations, and individual flight or ground instructors. Home

study curriculums are available from representatives of the aviation industry. Home study 

curriculums individually developed by students should be compiled from material described in 

the applicable FAA knowledge test guide. The student, to show evidence of a ground school or 

home study curriculum completion, may use any one of the following methods. 

a. A certificate of graduation from a pilot training course conducted by an FAA-certificated 

pilot school, appropriate to the certificate or rating sought, or a statement of accomplishment 

from the school certifying satisfactory completion of the ground school portion of the course; 

b. An endorsement from an appropriately rated FAA-certificated ground or flight instructor 

who has certified that the applicant has satisfactorily completed the ground training required for 

the certificate or rating sought and is prepared for the test; 

c. A certificate of graduation or statement of accomplishment from a ground school course, 

appropriate to the certificate and rating sought that was conducted by an agency such as a high 

school, college, adult education program, the Civil Air Patrol, or a Reserve Officer’s Training 

Corps flight training program;

d. A certificate of graduation from an industry-provided aviation home study course. The 

certificate must be developed by the aeronautical enterprise providing the study material. The 

certificate of graduation must correspond to the FAA knowledge test for the certificate or rating 

sought. The aeronautical enterprise providing the course of study must also supply a 

comprehensive knowledge test, which can be scored as evidence that the student has completed 

the course of study. The knowledge test must be sent to the course provider for scoring. Upon 

satisfactory completion of the examination, a graduation certificate signed by an authorized CFI 

of the course provider will be provided to the student; or

Page 2 Par 5 
11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

e. Applicants are encouraged to obtain ground training from the sources described in 

paragraph 6a through 6d above. An applicant who is unable to provide any of the above 

documents when applying for a knowledge test may present an individually developed home

study course to an appropriately rated flight or ground instructor. The instructor will review the 

course materials and may question the applicant to determine that the course was completed and 

that the applicant does possess the knowledge required for the certificate or rating sought. The 

instructor will then complete an endorsement certifying that the applicant is prepared for the 

knowledge test. 

7. EVIDENCE OF IDENTITY AND AGE. Applicants for knowledge tests and airman 

certificates must provide positive proof of identification, address, and age at the time of 

application. 

a. Identification. The identification presented must include a photograph of the applicant, 

the applicant’s signature, and the applicant’s actual residential address (if different from the 

mailing address). This information may be presented in more than one form of identification. 

Acceptable methods of identification include, but are not limited to drivers’ licenses, government 

identification cards, passports, and military identification cards. Some applicants may not 

possess the identification documentation described. In the case of an applicant under the age of 

16 years for a knowledge test or practical test for other than a glider or balloon rating (or 

14 years of age for a knowledge test or practical test for a glider or balloon rating), the 

applicant’s parent or guardian may accompany the applicant and present information attesting to 

the applicant’s identity. If this is done, a statement to that effect will be submitted for enclosure 

in the airman’s permanent record. 

b. Address. A temporary mailing address for delivery of the certificate may be indicated on 

a separate statement attached to the application. However, the address required for official 

record purposes as shown on an airman application for a certificate must represent the airman’s 

actual permanent residential street address, including apartment number, etc., when appropriate. 

An alternate mail delivery service address (commercial mail box provider, flight school, airport 

office, etc.) is unacceptable. A post office box or rural route number is unacceptable as a 

permanent residence on an application unless unavoidable circumstances require such an 

address. An applicant residing on a rural route, in a boat or mobile (recreational) vehicle, or in 

some other like residence that requires the use of a post office box or rural route number for an 

address, must attest to the circumstances by signing a statement on a separate sheet of paper. 

The information provided must include sufficient details to ensure identification of the

geographical location of the airman’s residence. If necessary to positively identify the place of 

residence, the applicant may be required to provide a hand-drawn map or a typed or written 

explanation of directions to the residence that clearly shows or describes the location of the 

residence. When the residence is a boat or other mobile vehicle, the registration number, tag 

number, etc., and dock or park location must be provided. When applying for the practical test 

for an airman certificate, a post office address may be specified for use on the certificate issued. 

A signed request must be submitted with the application for this purpose. The permanent 

residence address must be shown in the manner specified above. 

c. Age. Applicants applying to take a practical test must show they meet the minimum age 

requirement for the certificate sought. When applying to take a knowledge test, applicants must 

show that they will meet the minimum age requirement for the certificate sought within 

24 calendar-months of the date of application for the knowledge test. 

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AC 61-65E 11/29/05 

8. PRACTICAL TESTS.

a. A practical test is conducted to evaluate the applicant’s knowledge and skill for the pilot 

certificate and rating sought. During a practical test, the examiner will quiz the applicant orally 

on knowledge elements and ask the applicant to perform the skill elements of the test. However, 

oral testing may be used at any time during the practical test. An examiner is responsible for 

determining whether the applicant meets the standards outlined in the objectives of each required 

task in the appropriate PTS. 

b. For elements of a maneuver or procedure on the practical test in which the applicants are 

required to be tested orally or by written questions, the PTS uses the words “. . . The applicant 

exhibits knowledge of . . .” or “. . . the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of . . .” in the 

area of each task noted as “Objective.” 

c. For elements of a maneuver or procedure on the practical test in which the applicants are 

required to demonstrate their piloting skills, the PTS uses words such as considers situations, 

maintains, utilizes, initiates, transitions to, arrives at, establishes and maintains, remains aware, 

avoids situations, selects, properly, makes a, recognizes, stops, completes, etc., in the area of 

each task noted as “Objective.” 

d. In accordance with section 61.45(a), a flight simulator or flight training device may be 

used for some elements of the practical test. Authorization and the extent of use of a flight 

simulator or flight training device during the practical test is addressed in the appropriate 

appendix section of the applicable PTS for the pilot certificate and rating sought. 

9. LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT WITH A SINGLE PILOT STATION. 

a. In accordance with section 61.45(f), a practical test may be conducted in a light-sport 

aircraft that has a single pilot station. The FAA believes that with certain limitations, it is 

appropriate to allow the practical test, at the sport pilot certificate level only, to be conducted 

from the ground by a designated pilot examiner (DPE) or an aviation safety inspector (ASI). The 

examiner or ASI must agree to conduct the practical test in a single-seat aircraft and must ensure 

that the practical test is conducted in accordance with the sport pilot PTS for single-seat aircraft. 

Knowledge of all tasks applicable to the category/class of aircraft will be evaluated orally. 

Single-seat sport pilots must demonstrate competency in those specific tasks identified in the 

PTS and any other tasks selected by the examiner. The examiner must be in a position to 

observe the operation of the aircraft and evaluate the proficiency of the applicant from the 

ground. 

b. The limitation “No passenger carriage and flight in a single-pilot station aircraft only” 

will be placed on the person’s pilot certificate, which limits a pilot to operations in a single-seat

light-sport aircraft, and no passenger carriage will be authorized. Only a DPE or an ASI is 

authorized to remove this limitation. This can be accomplished when the sport pilot takes a 

practical test in a two-place light-sport aircraft and conducts the additional tasks identified in the 

PTS. This practical test may be conducted in the same or additional category of aircraft. 

c. Upon successful completion of the practical test, the limitation will be removed and the 

sport pilot is authorized to act as pilot-in-command (PIC) in all categories of light-sport aircraft 

for which he or she has a make and model endorsement within a set of aircraft to operate. The 

Page 4 Par 8 
11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

limitation can also be removed if the sport pilot completes the certification requirements in an 

aircraft with a minimum of two places, for a higher certificate or rating. 

d. A sport pilot who is issued a certificate with a single-seat limitation must complete a 

flight review, as required by section 61.56. If the flight review is conducted in an aircraft, it 

must be in an aircraft with a minimum of two pilot stations, in which the pilot is rated, and with 

an authorized instructor who is current and qualified to act as PIC. 

e. An instructor may perform a proficiency check for an additional category or privilege in 

accordance with section 61.321 to be added to a sport pilot certificate or higher using a singleseat light-sport aircraft, provided the instructor is also a DPE or an ASI. 

f. The instructor or ASI must agree to conduct the practical test in a single-seat light-sport 

aircraft and must ensure that the proficiency check is conducted in accordance with the sport 

pilot PTS for single-seat aircraft. Knowledge of all tasks applicable to the category or class of 

aircraft will be evaluated orally. Those pilots seeking sport pilot privileges in a single-seat lightsport aircraft must demonstrate competency in those specific tasks identified in the PTS and any 

other tasks selected by the instructor. 

g. The instructor or ASI must have radio contact and be in a position to observe the 

operation of the light-sport aircraft and evaluate the proficiency of the applicant from the ground. 

h. On successful completion of proficiency check, the instructor or ASI will issue an 

endorsement with the following limitation: “No passenger carriage and flight in a single-pilot 

station aircraft only (add category/class/make and model)” limiting the pilot’s operations to a 

single-seat aircraft in this category, class, make, and model. The instructor must sign this 

endorsement with his or her CFI and examiner number. 

i. This limitation can be removed by the pilot having successfully completed a proficiency 

check involving the additional tasks identified in the PTS in a two-pilot station light-sport 

aircraft for the specific category and class rating sought and in accordance with section 61.321. 

The proficiency check must be conducted in the same category and class of light-sport aircraft. 

Upon successful completion of the proficiency check, the pilot will be issued an endorsement for 

the light-sport aircraft privilege sought. 

j. A recreational pilot or higher, when exercising sport pilot privileges, is required to have 

an endorsement for only the category and/or class of light-sport aircraft for which he/she is 

authorized to act as PIC. A sport pilot is required to have an endorsement for the category, class, 

make, and model within a set of aircraft (see section 61.1(b)(14) for the definition of “set of 

aircraft”) in which he/she is authorized to act as PIC. 

10. PREREQUISITES FOR PRACTICAL TESTS. Except as provided by section 61.39(c), 

each applicant must have received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certified 

that the applicant received and logged the required flight time/training in preparation for the 

practical test within 60 days preceding the date of the test and has been found proficient to pass 

the practical test. 

NOTE: The endorsement must also state that the applicant has satisfactory 

knowledge of the subject areas in which he/she was shown to be deficient by 

the FAA airman knowledge test report, if required. 

Par 9 Page 5
AC 61-65E 11/29/05 

a. All applicants must have the required endorsements specified in part 61 for the aircraft 

category, class, rating, or privilege of certification sought. 

b. All applicants who reapply for a retest for a practical test must present another 

endorsement from their instructor that states the applicant has been given the necessary training 

and is prepared for the practical test. 

c. A practical test, whether or not satisfactorily completed, “uses up” the instructor’s 

endorsement for that test. An instructor’s recommendation on FAA Form 8710-1, Airman 

Certificate and/or Rating Application, is required for each retest conducted for a certificate or

rating. 

d. Except for a practical test for a sport pilot certificate, flight instructor certificate with a

sport pilot rating, glider category rating, or a balloon class rating, applicants must hold at least a 

current third class medical certificate. If the practical test/proficiency check is being 

administered in a flight simulator/flight training device, the applicant is not required to hold a 

medical certificate (see section 61.23(b)(8)). 

e. The ability to read, speak, write, and understand the English language is an eligibility 

requirement that applies to all pilot certificates, ratings, and privileges. No certificate, rating, or 

privilege will be issued if the applicant cannot meet this requirement, except when such inability 

to read, speak, write, and understand the English language is due to medical reasons and as 

permitted under section 61.13(b), and as allowed by other CFR sections. 

11. STUDENT PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, flight 

experience, and endorsement requirements for the student pilot certificate are located in part 61, 

subpart C. 

a. A student pilot certificate can be issued by a designated aviation medical examiner as part 

of a medical certificate. However, an ASI and DPE can also issue student pilot certificates. 

Whenever a student pilot certificate (other than a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate) is 

issued by an ASI or DPE, the applicant must hold a current medical certificate for performing 

solo privileges in an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, weight-shift-control aircraft, powered 

parachute, or airship. Glider and balloon student pilots are not required to hold a medical 

certificate (see section 61.23(b)(3)). 

(1) Use the following table to determine how to apply for a student pilot certificate for 

applicants other than those seeking a sport pilot certificate:

If ... Then... 

(a) An applicant operates a balloon or glider, or has 

a current and valid medical certificate issued under 

14 CFR part 67, 

(a) The applicant must apply using FAA 

Form 8710-1 with a FSDO or an FAA DPE to 

receive a student pilot certificate (FAA

Form 8710-2). 

(b) An applicant is not operating a balloon or a 

glider, and does not have a current and valid 

medical certificate issued under part 67, 

(b) The applicant must apply for a student medical 

certificate (FAA Form 8420-2, Medical Certificate 

_______ Class and Student Pilot Certificate), with at 

least a third class medical certificate issued under 

part 67 with an FAA aviation medical examiner. 

(2) Use the following table to determine how to apply for a student pilot certificate for 

applicants seeking a sport pilot certificate:

Page 6 Par 10 
11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

If ... Then... 

(a) An applicant operates a balloon or glider, or has 

a current and valid medical certificate issued under 

part 67, or a current and valid U.S. driver’s license, 

(a) The applicant must apply for a student pilot 

certificate with a FSDO or an FAA DPE.

(b) An applicant is not operating a balloon or a 

glider, and has neither a current and valid medical 

certificate issued under part 67, nor a current and 

valid U.S. driver’s license, 

(b) The applicant must apply for a student medical 

certificate with at least a third class medical 

certificate issued under part 67 with an FAA 

aviation medical examiner. 

b. Additional information on the eligibility requirements for student pilots can be found in 

section 61.83 and the general limitations for student pilots can be found in section 61.89. 

12. PRESOLO REQUIREMENTS. 

a. The “90-day” solo endorsement that goes in the student pilot’s logbook is required every 

90 days for the student to be afforded continuing solo privileges, per section 61.87(n). 

b. Although section 61.19(b) establishes, in a pertinent part, that a student pilot certificate 

expires 24 calendar-months from the month in which it is issued, the endorsements on that 

student pilot certificate are a matter of record indefinitely. The endorsements are required to be 

updated from “time-to-time” in the student pilot’s logbook to retain solo privileges. 

c. The following pre-solo requirements must be met: 

(1) Before being authorized to conduct a solo flight, a student pilot must have 

demonstrated satisfactory aeronautical knowledge by completion of a knowledge test (see 

§ 61.87(b)). Before being authorized to conduct a solo flight, a student pilot must have received 

and logged the flight training required by sections 61.87(c) and (d) through (m), as appropriate. 

Satisfactory aeronautical knowledge and an acceptable performance level must have been 

demonstrated to an authorized instructor, per section 61.87(b). 

(2) Prior to solo flight, a student pilot is required to have his or her student pilot 

certificate and logbook endorsed for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown. 

Thereafter, the student pilot’s logbook must be endorsed every 90 days to retain solo flight 

privileges. These endorsements must be given by an authorized flight instructor who has flown 

with the student (per section 61.87(p)). 

13. ADDITIONAL SOLO PRIVILEGES. The following additional student solo privileges 

may be authorized:

NOTE: The student pilot certificate only provides for listing the aircraft’s 

category for the solo cross-country privilege endorsement. Per 

section 61.93(c)(1), the solo cross-country endorsement on the student pilot 

certificate must be “. . . for the specific category of aircraft to be flown.” 

However, per section 61.93(c)(2)(i), the solo cross-country endorsement in the 

student pilot’s logbook must be “. . . for the specific make and model of

aircraft to be flown.” 

a. A student pilot may operate an aircraft in solo flight at night provided that student has 

received the required flight training at night and the appropriate endorsements as required by 

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AC 61-65E 11/29/05 

section 61.87(o). A student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate is not authorized to operate a 

light-sport aircraft at night, per section 61.89(c). 

(1) A student pilot may operate an aircraft on a solo cross-country flight provided that 

student has received the training required by sections 61.93(e) through (m), as appropriate, has 

demonstrated acceptable skills, abilities, and competency to his/her instructor who then would 

endorse the person’s student pilot certificate and logbook. Additionally, before each solo crosscountry flight, an instructor must endorse the student’s logbook. 

NOTE: This endorsement does not need to be made by the instructor who 

normally provides training to the student. 

(2) The instructor who makes the endorsement to authorize this solo cross-country flight 

will personally review the student’s preflight planning and preparation and attest to the 

correctness and preparedness of the student’s cross-country planning under the known 

circumstances. The instructor may add limitations to the endorsement to ensure an accurate 

written understanding between the student and the instructor to better ensure the safety of the 

flight. 

b. When an instructor permits his or her student to make a solo cross-country flight, any 

solo flight greater than 25 nautical miles (nm) (or 15 nm in the case of a powered parachute) 

from the airport from where the flight originated, or make any solo flight and landing at any 

location other than the airport of origination, that student must have received the solo crosscountry training and endorsements requirements of section 61.93. Additionally, unless there is 

an emergency, no student may make a solo flight landing at any point other than the airport 

where the student pilot normally receives cross-country training and endorsements of 

section 61.93. 

c. A flight instructor may authorize a student to practice solo takeoffs and landings at an 

airport within 25 nm (or 15 nm in the case of a powered parachute) from the airport at which the 

student pilot is normally receiving training after meeting the requirements of section 61.93(b)(1). 

d. A student pilot may be authorized to make repeated, specific solo cross-country flights 

that are not greater than 50 nm from the point of departure if the student meets the requirements 

of section 61.93(b)(2). The authorized instructor should specify in the student’s logbook 

endorsement, the conditions under which the flights may be made. 

e. A student pilot who seeks a sport pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate and 

wants to obtain privileges to operate in Class B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class 

B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower, 

must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the aeronautical 

knowledge areas listed in section 61.94(a) and have received a logbook endorsement in 

accordance with section 61.94(b). 

f. A student pilot may NOT operate an aircraft in solo flight in Class B airspace or on a solo 

flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B airspace unless that student pilot has received 

the ground and flight training and instructor endorsements required by section 61.95(a) and (b). 

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11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

14. SPORT PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, flight 

experience, and endorsement requirements for the sport pilot certificate are located in part 61, 

subpart J. 

a. An applicant for a sport pilot certificate, except those meeting the requirements of 

section 61.329, must possess at least a student pilot certificate that is current and valid. 

b. The flight instructor is given discretion in developing a training program to meet the 

requirements of section 61.309. The regulation spells out the specific minimum aeronautical 

experience requirements that must be met. 

c. A sport pilot certificate is issued without a specific category or class listed. An 

endorsement is required for each category, class, make, and model of light-sport aircraft a sport 

pilot is qualified to fly. 

d. Sport pilots will require an endorsement to fly at least one make and model of light-sport 

aircraft within the same set of aircraft. Once an endorsement is obtained for a specific make and 

model of light-sport aircraft, the sport pilot can fly any other make and model in the same set 

without any additional endorsements. The FAA has established a list of sets of light-sport 

aircraft, which is available online at 

http://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airmen_certification/sport_pilot/media/aircraft_sets.pdf.

(See section 61.1(b)(14) for the definition of “set of aircraft.”) 

e. An appropriately authorized flight instructor must supervise the training and experience 

required in obtaining additional sport pilot privileges. Additional training requirements and 

endorsements are established for the following additional privileges: 

(1) Category or class of light-sport aircraft (section 61.321). 

(2) Make and model of light-sport aircraft (section 61.323). 

(3) Operate a light-sport aircraft in Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in 

Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, through, or on an airport having an operational control 

tower (section 61.325). 

(4) Operate a light-sport aircraft that has a VH greater than 87 knots (kts) calibrated 

airspeed (CAS) (section 61.327). 

f. Any pilot exercising sport pilot privileges (and applicants for the certificate) must 

understand and comply with all sport pilot privileges and limitations, particularly the applicable 

operating limits and endorsement requirements in subpart J. Section 61.303 establishes which 

operating limits and endorsement requirements apply to the operation of a light-sport aircraft, 

depending on the type of certificate or rating a pilot holds and the medical eligibility 

requirements the pilot meets. For example, a pilot holds a recreational pilot certificate, but not a 

medical certificate, and wishes to exercise sport pilot privileges. The pilot must comply with 

cross-country requirements in section 61.101(c), even if the flight does not exceed 50 nm from

the departure airport (reference section 61.303). The pilot must also comply with the additional 

training requirements and endorsements established in paragraph 14c. See also paragraph 13. 

g. Each pilot exercising sport pilot privileges must carry his or her logbook and other 

evidence of the required authorized instructor endorsements on all flights. Other evidence of the 

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AC 61-65E 11/29/05 

required authorized instructor endorsements may be a preprinted card or record that includes the 

endorsements. See section 61.51(i)(3). 

15. RECREATIONAL PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, 

flight experience, and endorsement requirements for the recreational pilot certificate are located 

in part 61, subpart D. 

a. Section 61.101 contains all limitations that pertain to the recreational pilot certificate and 

outlines procedures for obtaining additional certificates or ratings. An appropriately authorized 

flight instructor must supervise the training and experience required in furtherance of a higher 

level of certificate. Each flight conducted by the recreational pilot under those provisions must 

be authorized by the flight instructor’s endorsement in the recreational pilot’s logbook. 

b. Recreational pilots may act as PIC on a flight that is in Class B, C, and D airspace, at an 

airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or on an airport having an 

operational control tower after having received the required training and endorsement (per 

section 61.101(d)). Recreational pilots must have their logbook in their personal possession 

during flight (per section 61.101(d)(3)). 

c. Recreational pilots who want to fly beyond 50 nm from the departure airport where 

training was received must receive additional ground and flight training on the private pilot 

cross-country training requirements of part 61, subpart E, and must receive an instructor 

endorsement (per section 61.101(c)). Recreational pilots must have their logbook in their 

personal possession when operating an aircraft (per section 61.101(c)(3)). 

16. PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, flight 

experience, and endorsement requirements for the private pilot certificate are located in part 61, 

subpart E. 

a. An applicant for a private pilot certificate must possess at least a student pilot certificate, 

sport pilot certificate, or a recreational pilot certificate that is current and valid. 

b. The flight instructor is given discretion in developing a flight training program to meet

the requirements of part 61, subpart E. The regulation spells out the specific minimum 

aeronautical experience requirements that must be met. 

c. Applicants must meet night experience requirements regardless of medical qualification 

considerations. The only exception is in accordance with section 61.110. 

d. The 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine or multiengine airplane on the control 

and maneuvering of an airplane solely by reference to instruments (see sections 61.109(a)(3) and 

(b)(3)) and the 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift on the control and maneuvering of a 

powered-lift solely by reference to instruments (see section 61.109(e)(3)) do not have to be 

conducted by a certificated flight instructor—instrument (CFII). However, the training must be 

in an aircraft and not in a flight simulator or a flight training device unless it was performed in 

accordance with a 14 CFR part 142 approved training program. 

e. Except as in accordance with section 61.110, a person who does not meet the night flying 

requirements in a gyroplane, powered parachute, or weight-shift-control aircraft 

(section 61.109(d)(2), (i)(2), or (j)(2)) may be issued a private pilot certificate with the limitation 

Page 10 Par 14 
11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

“Night Flying Prohibited.” This limitation may only be removed by an examiner or ASI if the 

holder complies with the requirements of section 61.109(d)(2), (i)(2), or (j)(2), as appropriate. 

f. Private pilots (and applicants for the certificate) must understand and comply with all 

private pilot privileges and limitations, including compensation or hire and expense sharing, in 

accordance with section 61.113 through section 61.117. 

17. COMMERCIAL PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, 

flight experience, and endorsement requirements for the commercial pilot certificate is located in 

part 61, subpart F. 

a. An applicant for a commercial pilot certificate must hold at least a private pilot certificate 

issued under part 61. 

NOTE: This may be a standard U.S. pilot certificate, or a section 61.75 pilot 

certificate that is based on a foreign pilot license or meets the requirements 

of section 61.73. The person may be able to apply for a commercial pilot 

certificate by being able to meet the requirements of section 61.73 (meaning, 

able to qualify for the commercial pilot certificate under the special rules for 

military pilots or former military pilots). If a person is basing application for 

a commercial pilot certificate on a section 61.75 pilot certificate, the 

authenticity of the foreign pilot license must be verified through the person’s 

foreign civil aviation authority. 

b. An applicant for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane or powered-lift category 

rating must hold or concurrently obtain the appropriate instrument rating. 

18. AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT (ATP) CERTIFICATION. Specific knowledge, flight 

proficiency, flight experience, and endorsement requirements for an ATP certificate is located in 

part 61, subpart G. 

a. An applicant for an ATP certificate must possess one of the following: 

(1) A commercial pilot certificate and an instrument (airplane, helicopter, or poweredlift) rating issued under part 61; 

(2) A foreign ATP license or a foreign commercial pilot license and an instrument 

(airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift) rating, without limitations, issued by a contracting state to 

the Convention on International Civil Aviation. If applying for an ATP certificate based on 

holding a foreign pilot license and ratings, the authenticity of that foreign pilot license must be 

verified through the foreign civil aviation authority; or 

(3) Be a military pilot or former military pilot and have met the requirements of

section 61.73 that qualifies the applicant for a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument 

(airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift) rating. 

b. An instructor recommendation is not required, unless the applicant has failed the practical 

test and this is a retest (per section 61.49). Applicants for retest must comply with the 

appropriate retest requirements of section 61.49. In addition, the instructor must sign the 

applicant’s FAA Form 8710-1 application for the retest. 

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19. FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS OTHER THAN FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS WITH A 

SPORT PILOT RATING. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, flight experience, and 

endorsement requirements for the flight instructor certificate, other than flight instructors with a 

sport pilot rating, is located in part 61, subpart H. To be eligible for a flight instructor certificate, 

an applicant must: 

a. Hold a commercial pilot certificate or an ATP certificate with an aircraft rating 

appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought and that was issued under part 61. 

b. Hold an instrument rating/instrument privileges (e.g., instrument privileges, as on an ATP 

certificate the instrument privileges are conferred) on the applicant’s pilot certificate, if the 

applicant is seeking a flight instructor certificate with an airplane category, powered-lift rating, 

or instrument rating, and was issued under the pertinent certification requirements of part 61. 

c. Have a logbook endorsement certifying that the applicant has been given the required 

ground and flight training and has been found competent to pass the practical test. An instructor 

who meets the requirements of section 61.195(h) must make the endorsement. 

d. Have logged at least 15 hours as PIC in the category and class of aircraft that is 

appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought. 

e. For applicants applying for a flight instructor certificate with airplane and glider category 

ratings, the applicant must have received a logbook endorsement that attests to satisfactory 

demonstration of instructional proficiency of stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery 

procedures in airplanes or gliders, as appropriate. A logbook endorsement that attests to 

satisfactory demonstration of instructional proficiency of stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and 

spin recovery procedures is required for the initial flight instructor certificate (for a rating in 

airplanes or gliders). This means, even if the applicant were to initially seek a flight instructor 

certificate with an airplane multiengine rating, the applicant would still be required to receive a 

logbook endorsement that attests to satisfactory demonstration of instructional proficiency of 

stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures. However, the training would be 

required to be performed in an airplane (most likely a single-engine land airplane) that does not 

contain any restrictions from spins. 

20. FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS WITH A SPORT PILOT RATING. Specific knowledge, 

flight proficiency, flight experience, and endorsement requirements for the flight instructor 

certificate with a sport pilot rating is located in part 61, subpart K. To be eligible for a flight 

instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating an applicant must: 

a. Hold a current and valid sport, recreational, or private pilot certificate with category and 

class ratings or privileges, as applicable that are appropriate to the flight instructor privileges 

sought. 

b. Have a logbook endorsement certifying that the applicant has met the aeronautical 

experience required by section 61.411, for the category and class privileges, as applicable, that 

are appropriate to the flight instructor privileges sought. 

c. Have a logbook endorsement certifying that the applicant has been given the ground and 

flight training required by section 61.409 and has been found competent to pass the practical test. 

Page 12 Par 19 
11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

An instructor who meets the requirements of section 61.415 or section 62.429 must make the 

endorsement. 

d. The training and experience required to obtain additional sport pilot flight instructor

privileges must be supervised by an appropriately authorized flight instructor. Additional 

training requirements and endorsements are established for the following additional privileges: 

(1) To provide training in an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft, an 

applicant must meet the training requirements and endorsements required in section 61.419. The 

applicant must successfully complete a proficiency check from an authorized instructor other 

than the instructor who trained him or her, and provide a completed FAA Form 8710-11, Airman 

Certificate and/or Rating ApplicationSport Pilot, to the authorized instructor. 

(2) To provide training in an additional make and model of light-sport aircraft, an 

applicant must have at least 5 hours of flight time in a make and model of light-sport aircraft 

within the same set of aircraft in which he or she provides training. 

(3) To provide training to operate a light-sport aircraft in Class B, C, and D airspace, at 

an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or on an airport having an 

operational control tower, an applicant must have the endorsement specified in section 61.325, or 

be otherwise authorized to conduct operations in this airspace. 

(4) To provide training in a light-sport aircraft with a VH greater than 87 kts CAS, an 

applicant must have the endorsement specified in section 61.327, or be otherwise authorized to 

operate a light-sport aircraft with a VH greater than 87 kts CAS. 

e. For applicants applying for a flight instructor certificate with sport pilot rating with 

airplane or glider category privileges, the applicant must have received a logbook endorsement 

that attests he/she is competent and possesses instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin 

entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures after receiving flight training in those training areas in 

an airplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certificated for spins. 

(1) An applicant who seeks additional category and class privileges to be added to 

his/her flight instructor certificate with sport pilot rating in an airplane or glider would be 

required to receive the same training and logbook endorsement. 

(2) This training would be required to be performed in a single-engine airplane or glider 

(preferably a light-sport aircraft) that does not contain any restrictions from spins. 

f. For single place aircraft, pre-solo flight training must be provided in an aircraft that has 

two pilot stations and is of the same category and class applicable to the certificate, rating, or 

privilege sought. 

g. To provide ground or flight training for a private pilot certificate with a powered 

parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft rating, an applicant must hold at least a private pilot 

certificate with the applicable category and class rating; a flight instructor certificate with a sport 

pilot rating or privileges, and the applicable flight instructor category and class privileges. 

h. All flight instructors with a sport pilot rating or privileges must carry his or her logbook 

or other evidence of the required authorized instructor endorsements on all flights. Other 

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AC 61-65E 11/29/05 

evidence of the required authorized instructor endorsements may be a preprinted card or record 

that includes the endorsements. See section 61.51(i)(5). 

21. GOLD SEAL FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES (EXCEPT THOSE WITH A 

SPORT PILOT RATING). The specific requirements for the gold seal flight instructor 

certificate (except those with a sport pilot rating) are contained in FAA Order 8700.1, General 

Aviation Operations Inspector’s Handbook, volume 2, chapter 13 and FAA Order 8710.3, 

Designated Pilot and Flight Engineer Examiner’s Handbook, chapter 14. Flight instructor 

certificates bearing distinctive gold seals are issued to flight instructors who have maintained a 

high level of flight training activity and who meet special criteria. Once issued, a gold seal flight 

instructor certificate will be reissued each time the instructor’s certificate is renewed. Applicants 

for gold seal flight instructor certificates must meet the following requirements: 

a. The flight instructor must hold a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating

(glider flight instructors need not hold an instrument rating) or an ATP certificate; 

b. The flight instructor must hold a ground instructor certificate with an advanced or 

instrument ground instructor rating; and 

c. The flight instructor must have accomplished the following within the previous 

24 calendar-months: 

(1) Trained and recommended at least 10 applicants for a practical test, and at least 

80 percent of the applicants passed their tests on the first attempt; 

(2) Conducted at least 20 practical tests as a designated pilot examiner, or graduation 

tests as chief instructor of a 14 CFR part 141 approved pilot school course; or 

(3) A combination of the above requirements. (Two practical tests conducted equal the 

credit given for one applicant trained and recommended for a practical test.) 

22. GOLD SEAL FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES (WITH A SPORT PILOT 

RATING). The specific requirements for the gold seal flight instructor certificate (with a sport 

pilot rating) are contained in FAA Order 8700.1, vol. 2, ch. 13, and FAA Order 8710.7, Sport 

Pilot Examiner’s Handbook. Flight instructor certificates bearing distinctive gold seals are 

issued to flight instructors who have maintained a high level of flight training activity and who 

meet special criteria. Once issued, a gold seal flight instructor certificate will be reissued each 

time the instructor’s certificate is renewed. Applicants for gold seal flight instructor certificates 

(with a sport pilot rating) must meet the following requirements: 

a. The flight instructor must hold at least a sport pilot certificate;

b. The flight instructor must hold a ground instructor certificate with a basic ground 

instructor rating; 

c. The flight instructor must have accomplished one of the following within the previous 

24 months: 

(1) Trained and recommended at least 10 applicants for an original certificate with at 

least 80 percent of those applicants recommended passing the practical test on his or her first 

attempt; 

Page 14 Par 20 
11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

(2) Conducted at least 20 certification practical tests as an examiner or conducted 

20 certification graduation tests as a chief flight instructor for an approved pilot school course; or 

(3) A combination of the requirements in paragraphs 22c(1) and (2). (Two certification 

practical tests/certification graduation tests equate to one trained and recommended applicant.) 

23. RENEWAL OF A FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE. The renewal requirements 

for a flight instructor certificate are located in section 61.197. Renewal of a flight instructor 

certificate may be accomplished at any time. 

a. A flight instructor certificate that has not expired may be renewed in accordance with 

section 61.197(a) by: 

(1) Passing a practical test for one of the ratings listed on the person’s current flight 

instructor certificate or passing a practical test for an additional flight instructor rating;

(2) Presenting to an ASI the appropriate records that verify the requirements of 

section 61.197(a)(2)(i) or (ii) were accomplished; 

(3) Presenting to an ASI evidence of having graduated from an FAA-approved flight 

instructor refresher course (FIRC) within the preceding 3 calendar-months. The instructor’s 

FIRC graduation certificate should be presented to an ASI at the time of application for renewal. 

b. For individuals who wish to comply with section 61.197(a)(2)(ii), the FAA offers the 

following examples of “a position involving the regular evaluation” of pilots: 

(1) Persons who regularly give aircraft checkouts at a fixed-base operator and the ASI 

are acquainted with the applicant’s duties, responsibilities, and quality of instruction. 

(2) Part 121 or 135 airline captains who regularly evaluate pilots and have satisfactory 

knowledge of part 61 pilot training, certification, and standards. The ASI must be acquainted 

with the duties and responsibilities of those pilot positions. 

(3) Company check pilots for 14 CFR part 133 operations who regularly evaluate pilots 

and have satisfactory knowledge of part 61 pilot training, certification, and standards. The ASI 

must be acquainted with the duties and responsibilities of those pilot positions. 

c. Provided that the certificate is renewed within 3 calendar-months before the expiration 

month of a current flight instructor certificate, the renewed certificate will be valid for an 

additional 24 calendar-months beyond the expiration date shown on the current certificate. For 

example: 

(1) If a flight instructor renewal applicant’s current flight instructor certificate expires in 

August, then that applicant must accomplish one of the flight instructor renewal actions in the 

months of May, June, July, or August to retain the month of August as the expiration month (per 

section 61.197(b)(2)(i)). 

(2) For example, assume a flight instructor renewal applicant has August 31, 2005, 

showing on her current flight instructor certificate. The applicant completes an FIRC on June 1, 

2005, and presents her current flight instructor certificate and FIRC graduation certificate to a 

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AC 61-65E 11/29/05 

FSDO on June 1, 2005. The flight instructor certificate is renewed with a new expiration date of 

August 31, 2007 (per section 61.197(b)(2)(ii)). 

d. If the flight instructor certification renewal action occurs outside the 3 calendar-month 

period of the expiration month on the flight instructor certificate, the renewed flight instructor 

certificate will be valid for an additional 24 calendar-months from the month the renewal 

requirements of section 61.197 were accomplished. A FIRC graduation certificate must be 

presented to a FSDO within 90 days of completion of the FIRC. The renewal action of 

section 61.197(a) must be accomplished before the expiration date shown on the applicant’s 

flight instructor certificate. 

e. There have been several inquires asking about the intent of the phrase “or other 

documentation acceptable to the Administrator” in section 61.3(d). During the flight instructor 

certification renewal process, when an FIRC graduation certificate is used for renewal and the 

applicant’s flight instructor certificate is being processed for renewal, a copy of the FIRC 

graduation certificate is considered “acceptable documentation to the Administrator” until the 

applicant receives his or her permanent flight instructor certificate. Another example of other 

“acceptable documentation to the Administrator” is a copy of the flight instructor renewal 

application that the applicant has completed and signed FAA Form 8710-1. 

f. Regardless of what has been explained in the paragraphs above, it should be understood 

that the FAA has the prerogative to require any applicant to complete a part or the entire 

applicable flight instructor practical test. A practical test may be required if there is reason to 

believe that it will correct some deficiency in the applicant’s instructing abilities or it has been 

determined necessary to introduce new training procedures or certification requirements. 

24. EXPIRED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE. The requirements for holders of an 

expired flight instructor certificate to obtain new certificates are located in section 61.199. A 

practical test is required in the exchange of an expired flight instructor certificate. A DPE or an 

ASI will not reinstate expired flight instructor certificates unless the applicant passes a practical

test. 

a. The holder of an expired flight instructor certificate (i.e., a flight instructor certificate that 

conforms to section 61.5(c)) may exchange that certificate for a new certificate (except for a 

flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating) by passing one practical test, per 

section 61.183(h), for one of the aircraft ratings held on that person’s expired flight instructor 

certificate. 

NOTE: If the practical test is for a flight instructor certificate with a sport 

pilot rating, the examiner may only issue that rating and provide 

endorsements for the category and class privileges tested.

b. Flight instructor ratings or limited flight instructor ratings on a pilot certificate are no 

longer valid. To reinstate instructor privileges, all requirements for initial issuance of a flight 

instructor certificate must be met. 

25. INSTRUMENT RATING. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, flight experience, and 

endorsement requirements for the instrument rating are located in section 61.65. 

Page 16 Par 23 
11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

26. ADDITIONAL AIRCRAFT RATINGS (OTHER THAN ATP). Specific knowledge, 

flight proficiency, flight experience, and endorsement requirements for additional category, 

class, or type rating (for other than at the ATP level) are located in section 61.63. 

a. Category and Class Ratings. Applicants adding a category and/or class rating to a 

recreational pilot certificate or higher must have an instructor’s recommendations and 

appropriate endorsements. An applicant need not take an additional knowledge test, provided 

the person holds an airplane, powered-lift, rotorcraft, powered parachute, weight-shift-control 

aircraft, or airship rating at or above the pilot certificate level sought. An applicant must pass the 

required practical test appropriate to the pilot certificate for the aircraft category and, if

applicable, class rating sought. Additionally, applicants must comply with the requirements of 

section 61.63, as noted below: 

(1) Category Ratings. Applicants must receive the training and have the aeronautical 

experience required by part 61 that applies to the pilot certificate level for the category, and if

applicable, class rating sought. 

(2) Class Ratings. Applicants must be found competent in the knowledge areas and 

proficient in the areas of operation for the class rating sought. 

(3) Type Ratings. Applicants must have the required training time, logbook, or training 

record endorsements, and pass the required practical test in accordance with the ATP/type rating 

PTS (see section 61.63(d)). 

b. Experimental Category and Class RatingSection 61.31(k)(2)(iii)(B) for the 

Carriage of Passengers. An applicant holding at least a recreational pilot certificate may apply 

for the issuance of a category and class rating limited to a specific make and model of 

experimental aircraft in accordance with the provisions of section 61.63(k), with the limitation 

“Authorized Experimental Aircraft: [Category] and [Class] rating [Make] and [Model].” The 

applicant is required to receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized flight instructor who 

has determined that the applicant is proficient to act as PIC of the same category, class, make, 

and model of experimental aircraft for which the application was made. The 5 hours of flight 

experience must have been logged between September 1, 2004, and August 31, 2005. Once the 

pilot complies with the provisions of section 61.63(k), that pilot may be issued the appropriate 

category and class rating limited to a specific make and model of experimental aircraft. 

27. ADDITIONAL CATEGORY/CLASS RATINGS AT THE ATP CERTIFICATION 

LEVEL. 

a. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, flight experience, and endorsement requirements 

for additional category, class, or type rating (at the ATP certification level) are located in 

section 61.165. 

b. Applicants for a type rating on the ATP certification level must have the required training 

time, logbook, or training record endorsements, and pass the required practical test in accordance 

with the ATP/type rating PTS (see section 61.157(b)). 

c. An instructor recommendation is not required, unless the applicant has failed the practical 

test and this is a retest (per section 61.49). Applicants for retest must comply with the 

Par 26 Page 17
AC 61-65E 11/29/05 

appropriate retest requirements of section 61.49. In addition, the instructor must sign the 

applicant’s FAA Form 8710-1 application for the retest. 

d. Experimental category and class ratingsection 61.31(k)(2)(iii)(B). An applicant 

holding an ATP certificate may apply for the issuance of a category and class rating limited to a 

specific make and model of experimental aircraft in accordance with the provisions of 

section 61.165(f) with the limitation “Authorized Experimental Aircraft: [Category] and [Class] 

rating [Make] and [Model].” The applicant is required to receive a logbook endorsement from 

an authorized flight instructor who has determined that the applicant is proficient to act as PIC of

the same category, class, make, and model of experimental aircraft for which the application was 

made. The 5 hours of flight experience must have been logged between September 1, 2004, and 

August 31, 2005. Once the pilot complies with the provisions of section 61.165(f), that pilot 

may be issued the appropriate category and class rating limited to a specific make and model of 

experimental aircraft. 

28. OTHER INSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENTS. Specific requirements for knowledge, 

aeronautical experience and, as appropriate, testing for the complex airplane, high performance 

airplane, tailwheel airplane, high altitude/pressurized airplane, and type specific training are 

found in section 61.31. 

29. GROUND INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATION. The applicability, eligibility, privileges, 

and recency requirements for the ground instructor certificate is located in part 61, subpart I. 

30. AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTORS. Section 61.1 defines an “authorized instructor” as any 

instructor who holds a valid and current flight or ground instructor certificate with the applicable 

privileges and limitations appropriate to the type of instruction provided. Section 61.41 

authorizes instructors who are not certificated by FAA to provide training. However, only 

instructors who are certificated by FAA are allowed to provide the required endorsements toward 

the requirements for a pilot certificate, rating, or privilege issued under part 61. 

31. ADDITIONAL TRAINING FOR GLIDERS. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, and 

endorsement requirements for the ground tow, aerotow, and self-launch procedures for gliders 

are located in section 61.31(j). 

a. Pilots who desire to use ground-tow launch procedures must have satisfactorily 

accomplished ground and flight training on ground-tow procedures and operations. The pilot 

must have received an endorsement from a CFI-Glider instructor who certifies, in the pilot’s 

logbook, that the pilot has been found proficient in ground-tow procedures and operations. 

b. Pilots who desire to use aerotow procedures must have satisfactorily accomplished 

ground and flight training on aerotow procedures and operations. The pilot must have received 

an endorsement from a CFI-Glider instructor who certifies, in the pilot’s logbook, that the pilot 

has been found proficient in aerotow procedures and operations. 

c. Pilots who desire to use self-launch procedures must have satisfactorily accomplished 

ground and flight training on self-launch procedures and operations. The pilot must have 

received an endorsement from a CFI-Glider instructor who certifies, in the pilot’s logbook, that 

the pilot has been found proficient in self-launch procedures and operations. 

Page 18 Par 27 
11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

d. As per section 61.31(j)(2), the holder of a glider rating issued prior to August 4, 1997, is 

considered to be in compliance with the training and logbook endorsement requirements of this 

paragraph for the specific operating privilege for which the holder is already qualified. 

e. Prior to September 1, 2004, some weight-shift-control aircraft had been issued an 

experimental certificate in the glider category. In these cases only, initial pilot certification for 

the issuance of at least a private pilot certificate with a glider rating limited to weight-shift

control or glider-trike privileges was authorized. 

NOTE: After September 1, 2004, issuance of at least a private pilot 

certificate with a glider rating limited to weight-shift control or glider-trike 

privileges is no longer authorized, nor necessary, now that there are 

established training and certification requirements for weight-shift control 

category aircraft under part 61. 

f. Effective January 15, 2005, airmen who conducted their initial pilot certification in a 

weight-shift control aircraft that was certificated as an experimental aircraft in the glider 

category and received a private pilot certificate or higher with a glider rating limited to weightshift control or glider-trike privileges can apply using FAA Form 8710-11 at a FSDO for a 

weight-shift-control category and/or class rating to be added to their airman certificate with no 

further showing of competency. 

32. AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE CREDITULTRALIGHT VEHICLES. A person 

may use aeronautical experience obtained in an ultralight vehicle while a registered ultralight

pilot with an FAA-recognized ultralight organization, as required by section 61.52, to meet the 

requirements for the following certificates and ratings issued under this part: 

a. A sport pilot certificate. 

b. A flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating. 

c. A private pilot certificate with a weight-shift control or powered parachute category 

rating. 

d. To meet the provisions of section 61.69 and section 61.415(e). 

33. HOW TO OBTAIN ELECTRONICALLY. This AC is available online at 

http://www.airweb.faa.gov/rgl and can also be found at http://www.faa.gov/pilots/ under the

Advisory Circulars link. 

Par 31 Page 19 (and 20)

11/29/05 AC 61-65E 

 Appendix 1 

APPENDIX 1. CONTENTSINSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENTS

No. Endorsement Description Page

Student Pilot Endorsements 

1. Presolo aeronautical knowledge: section 61.87(b) ....................................................................5 

2. Presolo flight training: section 61.87(c).....................................................................................5 

3. Presolo flight training at night: section 61.87(c) and (o)...........................................................5 

4. Solo flight (each additional 90-day period): section 61.87(p) ..................................................5 

5. Solo takeoffs and landings at another airport within 25 nm: section 61.93(b)(1) .....................5 

6. Initial solo cross-country flight: section 61.93(c)(1) .................................................................6 

7. Solo cross-country flight: section 61.93(c)(2) ...........................................................................6 

8. Repeated solo cross-country flights not more than 50 nm from the point of departure: 

section 61.93(b)(2).....................................................................................................................6 

9. Solo flight in Class B airspace: section 61.95(a).......................................................................6 

10. Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B airspace: section 61.95(a) and 

section 91.131(b)(1)...................................................................................................................6 

Student Pilot Seeking Sport Pilot Certificate Endorsements 

11. Presolo aeronautical knowledge: section 61.87(b) ....................................................................6 

12. Presolo flight training: section 61.87(c).....................................................................................7 

13. Solo flight (first 90-day period): section 61.87(n)(2) ................................................................7 

14. Solo flight (each additional 90-day period): section 61.87(p)(v) ..............................................7 

15. Solo takeoffs and landings at another airport within 25 nm: section 61.93(b)(1) .....................7 

16. Initial solo cross-country flight training: section 61.93(c)(1)....................................................7 

17. Solo cross-country flight: section 61.93(c)(2) ...........................................................................7 

18. Repeated solo cross-country flights not more than 50 nm from the point of departure: 

section 61.93(b)(2).....................................................................................................................8 

19. Solo flight in Class B, C, and D airspace: section 61.94(a).......................................................8 

20. Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace or on an airport 

having an operational control tower: section 61.94(a) and section 91.131(b)(1)......................8 

21. Presolo flight training at night: section 61.87(c) and (o)...........................................................8 

Sport Pilot Endorsements 

22. Taking aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a)(1) and section 61.309...........................9 

23. Taking flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft: 

section 61.309 and section 61.311 .............................................................................................9

24. Passing flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft: 

section 61.309 and section 61.311 .............................................................................................9

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AC 61-65E 11/29/05 

Appendix 1 

25. Flight proficiency in same category and class within a different make and model of 

aircraft: section 61.323...............................................................................................................9 

26. Taking sport pilot practical test: section 61.309, section 61.311, and section 61.313...............9 

27. Passing a sport pilot practical test: section 61.309, section 61.311, and section 61.313...........9 

28. Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, 

from, through, or on an airport having an operational control tower: section 61.325.............10 

29. Light-sport aircraft that has a VH greater than 87 knots CAS: section 61.327 ........................10 

Recreational Pilot Endorsements 

30. Aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a)(1), section 61.96(b)(3), and section 61.97(b)10 

31. Flight proficiency/practical test: section 61.96(b)(5), section 61.98(a) and (b), and 

section 61.99 ............................................................................................................................10 

32. Recreational pilot to operate within 50 nm of the airport where training was received: 

section 61.101(b)......................................................................................................................10 

33. Recreational pilot to act as PIC on a flight that exceeds 50 nm of the departure 

airport: section 61.101(c).........................................................................................................10 

34. Recreational pilot with less than 400 flight hours and not logged PIC time within 

the preceding 180 days: section 61.101(g) ..............................................................................11 

35. Recreational pilot to conduct solo flights for the purpose of obtaining an additional 

certificate or rating while under the supervision of an authorized flight instructor: 

section 61.101(i) ......................................................................................................................11 

36. Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, 

from, through, or on an airport having an operational control tower: section 61.101(d) ........11 

Private Pilot Endorsements 

37. Aeronautical knowledge test: sections 61.35(a)(1), 61.103(d), and 61.105 ............................11 

38. Flight proficiency/practical test: sections 61.103(f), 61.107(b), and 61.109...........................11 

Commercial Pilot Endorsements 

39. Aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a)(1), section 61.123(c), and section 61.125 ....12 

40. Flight proficiency/practical test: section 61.123(e), section 61.127, and section 61.129........12 

Instrument Rating Endorsements 

41. Aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a)(1) and section 61.65(a) and (b) .....................12 

42. Flight proficiency/practical test: section 61.65(a)(6)...............................................................12 

Flight Instructor (Other Than Flight Instructors with 

a Sport Pilot Rating) Endorsements 

43. Fundamentals of instructing knowledge test: section 61.183(d) and section 61.185(a)(1) .....12 

44. Flight instructor ground and flight proficiency/practical test: section 61.183(g) and 

section 61.187(a) and (b) .........................................................................................................12 

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45. Flight instructor certificate with instrument—(category/class) rating/practical test: 

section 61.183(g) and section 61.187(a) and (b)(7).................................................................12 

46. Spin training: section 61.183(i)(1)...........................................................................................13 

Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Endorsements

47. Taking the fundamentals of instructing knowledge test: section 61.405(a)(1) .......................13 

48. Taking sport pilot flight instructor aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a)(1) and 

section 61.405(a)......................................................................................................................13 

49. Taking the flight instructor flight proficiency check to provide training if a different 

category or class of aircraft(additional category/class): section 61.419 and 

section 61.409 ..........................................................................................................................13 

50. Passing the flight instructor flight proficiency check to provide training in a 

different category or class of aircraft(additional category/class): section 61.419 

and section 61.409 ...................................................................................................................13 

51. Taking the flight instructor practical test: section 61.409 and section 61.411 ........................14 

52. Passing the flight instructor practical test: section 61.409 and section 61.411........................14 

53. Spin training: section 61.405(b)(1)(ii).....................................................................................14 

Ground Instructor Endorsement 

54. Ground instructor who does not meet the recent experience requirements: 

section 61.217(b)......................................................................................................................14 

Additional Endorsements 

55. Completion of a flight review: section 61.56(a) and (c)..........................................................14 

56. Completion of a phase of an FAA-sponsored pilot proficiency award program (WINGS): 

section 61.56(e)........................................................................................................................15 

57. Completion of an instrument proficiency check: section 61.57(d)..........................................15 

58. To act as PIC in a complex airplane: section 61.31(e) ............................................................15 

59. To act as PIC in a high performance airplane: section 61.31(f) ..............................................15 

60. To act as PIC in a pressurized aircraft capable of high altitude operations: 

section 61.31(g)........................................................................................................................15 

61. To act as PIC in a tailwheel airplane: section 61.31(i) ............................................................15 

62. To act as PIC of an aircraft in solo operations when the pilot does not hold an 

appropriate category/class rating: section 61.31(d)(3).............................................................16 

63. Retesting after failure of a knowledge or practical test: section 61.49....................................16 

64. Additional aircraft category or class rating (other than ATP): section 61.63(b) or (c) ...........16 

65. Type rating only, already holds the appropriate category or class rating (other than ATP): 

section 61.63(d)(2) and (3) ......................................................................................................16 

66. Type rating concurrently with an additional category or class rating (other than ATP): 

section 61.63(d)(2) and (3) ......................................................................................................16 

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67. Type rating only, already holds the appropriate category or class rating (at the ATP level): 

section 61.157(b)(1).................................................................................................................16 

68. Type rating concurrently with an additional category or class rating (at the ATP level): 

section 61.157(b)(1).......................................................................................................................17 

69. Launch procedures for operating a glider: section 61.31(j).....................................................17 

70. Review of a home study curriculum: section 61.35(a)(1)........................................................17 

71. Experimental aircraft onlyadditional aircraft category or class rating (other than 

ATP): section 61.63(k) ............................................................................................................17 

72. Experimental aircraft onlyadditional aircraft category or class rating (ATP): 

section 61.165(f) .....................................................................................................................17 

73. Aeronautical experience creditultralight vehicles: section 61.52 .......................................18 

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APPENDIX 1. INSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENTS 

The following examples are recommended sample endorsements for use by authorized 

instructors when endorsing logbooks for airmen applying for a knowledge or practical test, or 

when certifying accomplishment of requirements for pilot operating privileges. Each 

endorsement must be legible and include the instructor’s signature, date of signature, certificated 

flight instructor (CFI) or certificated ground instructor (CGI) certificate number, and certificate 

expiration date, if applicable. The purpose for this advisory circular is to provide guidance and 

to encourage standardization among instructors. 

STUDENT PILOT ENDORSEMENTS 

1. Presolo aeronautical knowledge: section 61.87(b). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has satisfactorily completed the presolo knowledge 

exam of section 61.87(b) for the (make and model aircraft). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

2. Presolo flight training: section 61.87(c). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required presolo training in a (make 

and model aircraft). I have determined he/she has demonstrated the proficiency of 

section 61.87(d) and is proficient to make solo flights in (make and model aircraft). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

3. Presolo flight training at night: section 61.87(c) and (o). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required presolo training in a (make 

and model aircraft). I have determined he/she has demonstrated the proficiency of 

section 61.87(o) and is proficient to make solo flights at night in a (make and model aircraft). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

4. Solo flight (each additional 90-day period): section 61.87(p). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training to qualify for solo 

flying. I have determined he/she meets the applicable requirements of section 61.87(p) and is 

proficient to make solo flights in (make and model). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

5. Solo takeoffs and landings at another airport within 25 nm: section 61.93(b)(1). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.93(b)(1). I have determined that he/she is proficient to practice solo takeoffs and 

landings at (airport name). The takeoffs and landings at (airport name) are subject to the 

following conditions: (List any applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

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6. Initial solo cross-country flight: section 61.93(c)(1). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required solo cross-country training. I 

find he/she has met the applicable requirements of section 61.93, and is proficient to make solo 

cross-country flights in a (make and model aircraft). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

7. Solo cross-country flight: section 61.93(c)(2). 

I have reviewed the cross-country planning of (First name, MI, Last name). I find the planning 

and preparation to be correct to make the solo flight from (location) to (destination) via (route of 

flight) with landings at (name the airports) in a (make and model aircraft) on (date). (List any 

applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

8. Repeated solo cross-country flights not more than 50 nm from the point of departure: 

section 61.93(b)(2). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training in both directions 

between and at both (airport names). I have determined that he/she is proficient of 

section 61.93(b)(2) to conduct repeated solo cross-country flights over that route, subject to the 

following conditions: (List any applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

9. Solo flight in Class B airspace: section 61.95(a). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.95(a). 

I have determined he/she is proficient to conduct solo flights in (name of Class B) airspace. (List 

any applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

10. Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B airspace: section 61.95(a) and 

section 91.131(b)(1). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.95(a)(1). I have determined that he/she is proficient to conduct solo flight operations 

at (name of airport). (List any applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

STUDENT PILOT SEEKING SPORT PILOT CERTIFICATE ENDORSEMENTS 

11. Presolo aeronautical knowledge: section 61.87(b). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has satisfactorily completed the presolo knowledge 

exam of section 61.87(b) for the (make and model aircraft). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

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12. Presolo flight training: section 61.87(c). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required presolo training in a (make 

and model aircraft). I have determined he/she has demonstrated the proficiency of section 61.87 

((d) through (m), as appropriate) and is proficient to make solo flights in (aircraft category*:

make and model aircraft). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

* Use the following letters to indicate the category of aircraft: (d) Airplane (g) Gyroplane 

(i) Glider (j) Airship (k) Balloon (l) powered parachute (m) weight-shift-control 

13. Solo flight (first 90-day period): section 61.87(n)(2). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training to qualify for solo 

flying. I have determined he/she meets the applicable requirements of section 61.87(n) and is 

proficient to make solo flights in (make and model). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

14. Solo flight (each additional 90-day period): section 61.87(p)(v). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training to qualify for solo 

flying. I have determined he/she meets the applicable requirements of section 61.87(p) and is 

proficient to make solo flights in (make and model). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

15. Solo takeoffs and landings at another airport within 25 nm: section 61.93(b)(1). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.93(b)(1). I have determined that he/she is proficient to practice solo takeoffs and 

landings at (airport name). The takeoffs and landings at (airport name) are subject to the 

following conditions: (List any applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

16. Initial solo cross-country flight training: section 61.93(c)(1). 

NOTE: The instructor who provided the training places an endorsement in the 

student’s logbook before the first solo cross-country and endorses the back of 

the student pilot certificate. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required solo cross-country training. I 

find he/she has met the applicable requirements of section 61.93, and is proficient to make solo 

cross-country flights in a (make and model aircraft). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

17. Solo cross-country flight: section 61.93(c)(2). 

NOTE: This is done before each solo cross-country flight and may be 

accomplished by any instructor who reviews the flight planning. This 

endorsement is made in the student’s logbook. 

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I have reviewed the cross-country planning of (First name, MI, Last name). I find the planning 

and preparation to be correct to make the solo flight from (location) to (destination) via (route of 

flight) with landings at (name the airports) in a (make and model aircraft) on (date). (List any 

applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

18. Repeated solo cross-country flights not more than 50 nm from the point of departure: 

section 61.93(b)(2). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training in both directions 

between and at both (airport names). I have determined that he/she is proficient of 

section 61.93(b)(2) to conduct repeated solo cross-country flights over that route, subject to the 

following conditions: (List any applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

19. Solo flight in Class B, C, and D airspace: section 61.94(a). 

NOTE: Required each additional 90-day period. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.94(a). 

I have determined he/she is proficient to conduct solo flights in (name of Class B, C, or D) 

airspace and authorized to operate to, from through and at __________ airport. (List any 

applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

20. Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace or on an 

airport having an operational control tower: section 61.94(a) and section 91.131(b)(1). 

NOTE: Required each additional 90-day period. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.94(a)(1). I have determined that he/she is proficient to conduct solo flight operations 

at (name of airport) located in Class B, C, or D airspace or on an airport having an operational 

control tower. (List any applicable conditions or limitations.) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

21. Presolo flight training at night: section 61.87(c) and (o). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required presolo training in a (make 

and model aircraft) and determined he/she has demonstrated the proficiency of section 61.87(o) 

and is proficient to make solo flights at night in a (make and model aircraft). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

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SPORT PILOT ENDORSEMENTS 

22. Taking aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a)(1) and section 61.309. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required aeronautical knowledge 

training of section 61.309. I have determined that he/she is prepared for the (name the 

knowledge test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

23. Taking flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft: section 61.309 

and section 61.311. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training required in 

accordance with sections 61.309 and 61.311 and have determined that he/she is prepared for the 

(name the proficiency check). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

24. Passing flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft: section 61.309 

and section 61.311. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has met the requirements of sections 61.309 and 

61.311 and I have determined him/her proficient to act as PIC of (category and class) of lightsport aircraft. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

25. Flight proficiency in same category and class within a different make and model of 

aircraft: section 61.323. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.323 in 

(make and model aircraft) and have determined him/her proficient to act as PIC of that lightsport aircraft. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

26. Taking sport pilot practical test: section 61.309, section 61.311, and section 61.313. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the training required in accordance with 

section 61.309 and section 61.311 and met the aeronautical experience requirements of 

section 61.313. I have determined that he/she is prepared for the (type of practical test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

27. Passing a sport pilot practical test: section 61.309, section 61.311, and section 61.313. 

NOTE: Required by section 61.317, issued by a designated pilot examiner (DPE). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has met the requirements of section 61.309, 

section 61.311, and section 61.313, and I have determined him/her proficient to act as PIC of 

(category and class of light sport aircraft) aircraft. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

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28. Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, 

through, or on an airport having an operational control tower: section 61.325. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.325. I 

have determined he/she is proficient to conduct operations in Class B, C, or D airspace, at an 

airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, through, or on an airport having an 

operational control tower. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

29. Light-sport aircraft that has a VH greater than 87 knots CAS: section 61.327. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training required in 

accordance with section 61.327 in a (make and model aircraft). I have determined him/her 

proficient to act as PIC of a light-sport aircraft that has a VH greater than 87 knots (kts) CAS. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

RECREATIONAL PILOT ENDORSEMENTS 

30. Aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a)(1), section 61.96(b)(3), and 

section 61.97(b). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.97(b). 

I have determined that he/she is prepared for the (name the knowledge test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

31. Flight proficiency/practical test: section 61.96(b)(5), section 61.98(a) and (b), and 

section 61.99. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.98(b) 

and section 61.99. I have determined that he/she is prepared for the (name the practical test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

32. Recreational pilot to operate within 50 nm of the airport where training was received: 

section 61.101(b). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.101(b). 

I have determined he/she is competent to operate at the (name of airport). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

33. Recreational pilot to act as PIC on a flight that exceeds 50 nm of the departure airport: 

section 61.101(c). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required cross-country training of 

section 61.101(c). I have determined that he/she is proficient in cross-country flying of part 61, 

subpart E. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

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34. Recreational pilot with less than 400 flight hours and not logged PIC time within the 

preceding 180 days: section 61.101(g). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required 180-day recurrent training of 

section 61.101(g) in a (make and model aircraft). I have determined him/her proficient to act as 

PIC of that aircraft. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

35. Recreational pilot to conduct solo flights for the purpose of obtaining an additional 

certificate or rating while under the supervision of an authorized flight instructor: 

section 61.101(i). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.87 in a 

(make and model aircraft). I have determined he/she is prepared to conduct a solo flight on 

(date) under the following conditions: (List all conditions which require endorsement, e.g., 

flight which requires communication with air traffic control, flight in an aircraft for which the 

pilot does not hold a category/class rating, etc.). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

36. Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, 

through, or on an airport having an operational control tower: section 61.101(d). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.101(d). 

I have determined he/she is proficient to conduct operations in Class B, C, or D airspace, at an 

airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, through, or on an airport having an 

operational control tower. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

PRIVATE PILOT ENDORSEMENTS 

37. Aeronautical knowledge test: sections 61.35(a)(1), 61.103(d), and 61.105. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training in accordance with 

section 61.105. I have determined he/she is prepared for the (name the knowledge test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

38. Flight proficiency/practical test: sections 61.103(f), 61.107(b), and 61.109. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training in accordance with 

sections 61.107 and 61.109. I have determined he/she is prepared for the (name the practical 

test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

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COMMERCIAL PILOT ENDORSEMENTS

39. Aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a)(1), section 61.123(c), and section 61.125. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.125. I 

have determined that he/she is prepared for the (name the knowledge test).

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

40. Flight proficiency/practical test: section 61.123(e), section 61.127, and section 61.129. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.127 

and section 61.129. I have determined he/she is prepared for the (name the practical test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

INSTRUMENT RATING ENDORSEMENTS

41. Aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a)(1) and section 61.65(a) and (b). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.65(b). 

I have determined that he/she is prepared for the (name the knowledge test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

42. Flight proficiency/practical test: section 61.65(a)(6). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.65(c) 

and (d). I have determined he/she is prepared for the Instrument—(airplane, helicopter, or 

powered-lift) practical test. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR (OTHER THAN FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS WITH 

A SPORT PILOT RATING) ENDORSEMENTS 

43. Fundamentals of instructing knowledge test: section 61.183(d) and section 61.185(a)(1). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required fundamentals of instruction 

training of section 61.185(a)(1). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

44. Flight instructor ground and flight proficiency/practical test: section 61.183(g) and 

section 61.187(a) and (b). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.187(b). 

I have determined he/she is prepared for the CFI—(aircraft category and class) practical test. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

45. Flight instructor certificate with instrument—(category/class) rating/practical test: 

section 61.183(g) and section 61.187(a) and (b)(7). 

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I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required CFII training of 

section 61.187(b)(7). I have determined he/she is prepared for the CFII(airplane, helicopter, 

or powered-lift) practical test. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

46. Spin training: section 61.183(i)(1). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.183(i). 

I have determined that he/she is competent in instructional skills for training stall awareness, spin 

entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

NOTE: The above spin training endorsement is required of flight instructor 

applicants for the airplane and glider ratings only. 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR WITH A SPORT PILOT RATING ENDORSEMENTS 

47. Taking the fundamentals of instructing knowledge test: section 61.405(a)(1). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training in accordance with 

section 61.405(a)(1). I have determined that he/she is prepared for the Fundamentals of 

Instruction Knowledge Test. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

48. Taking sport pilot flight instructor aeronautical knowledge test: section 61.35(a) (1) and 

section 61.405(a). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.405(a)(2). I have determined that he/she is prepared for the (name the knowledge 

test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

49. Taking the flight instructor flight proficiency check to provide training if a different 

category or class of aircraft(additional category/class): section 61.419 and section 61.409. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training in accordance with 

section 61.419 and section 61.409 and have determined he/she is prepared for a proficiency 

check for the flight instructor with a sport pilot rating in a (aircraft category and class). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

50. Passing the flight instructor flight proficiency check to provide training in a different 

category or class of aircraft(additional category/class): section 61.419 and section 61.409. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has met the requirements in accordance with 

section 61.419 and section 61.409. I have determined that he/she is proficient and authorized for 

the additional (aircraft category and class) flight instructor privilege. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

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51. Taking the flight instructor practical test: section 61.409 and section 61.411. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of section 61.409 

and met the aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.411. I have determined he/she is 

prepared for the flight instructor with a sport pilot rating practical test in a (aircraft category and 

class). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

52. Passing the flight instructor practical test: section 61.409 and section 61.411. 

NOTE: Required by section 61.417, issued by a DPE. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has met the requirements in accordance with 

section 61.409 and section 61.411. I have determined that he/she is proficient and authorized for 

the (aircraft category and class) flight instructor privilege. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

53. Spin training: section 61.405(b)(1)(ii). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.405(b)(1)(ii). I have determined that he/she is competent and possess instructional 

proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

NOTE: This spin training endorsement is only required of flight instructor 

applicants for the airplane and glider ratings.

GROUND INSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENT

54. Ground instructor who does not meet the recent experience requirements: 

section 61.217(b). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has demonstrated satisfactory proficiency on the 

appropriate ground instructor knowledge and training subjects of section 61.213(a)(3) and (a)(4). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

NOTE: Signed by CFI or CGI, as appropriate; the expiration date would 

apply only to a CFI. 

ADDITIONAL ENDORSEMENTS

55. Completion of a flight review: section 61.56(a) and (c). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has 

satisfactorily completed a flight review of section 61.56(a) on (date). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

NOTE: No logbook entry reflecting unsatisfactory performance on a flight 

review is required. 

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56. Completion of a phase of an FAA-sponsored pilot proficiency award program 

(WINGS): section 61.56(e). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has 

satisfactorily completed Phase No. ___ of a WINGS program on (date). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

57. Completion of an instrument proficiency check: section 61.57(d). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has 

satisfactorily completed the instrument proficiency check of section 61.57(d) in a (list make and 

model of aircraft) on (date). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

NOTE: No logbook entry reflecting unsatisfactory performance on an 

instrument proficiency check is required. 

58. To act as PIC in a complex airplane: section 61.31(e). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has received 

the required training of section 61.31(e) in a (make and model of complex airplane). I have 

determined that he/she is proficient in the operation and systems of a complex airplane. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

59. To act as PIC in a high performance airplane: section 61.31(f). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has received 

the required training of section 61.31(f) in a (make and model of high performance airplane). I 

have determined that he/she is proficient in the operation and systems of a high performance 

airplane. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

60. To act as PIC in a pressurized aircraft capable of high altitude operations: 

section 61.31(g). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has received 

the required training of section 61.31(g) in a (make and model of pressurized aircraft). I have 

determined that he/she is proficient in the operation and systems of a pressurized aircraft. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

61. To act as PIC in a tailwheel airplane: section 61.31(i). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has received 

the required training of section 61.31(i) in a (make and model of tailwheel airplane). I have 

determined that he/she is proficient in the operation of a tailwheel airplane. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

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62. To act as PIC of an aircraft in solo operations when the pilot does not hold an 

appropriate category/class rating: section 61.31(d)(3). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the training as required by 

section 61.31(d)(3) to serve as a PIC in a (category and class of aircraft). I have determined that 

he/she is prepared to serve as PIC in that (make and model of aircraft). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

63. Retesting after failure of a knowledge or practical test: section 61.49. 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the additional (flight and/or ground, as 

appropriate) training as required by section 61.49. I have determined that he/she is prepared for 

the (name the knowledge/practical test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

NOTE: In the case of a failed knowledge test, the instructor may complete 

the endorsement in the space provided at the bottom of the applicant’s 

airman knowledge test report. The instructor must sign the block provided 

for the instructor’s recommendation on the reverse side of FAA Form 8710-1 

application for each retake of a practical test. 

64. Additional aircraft category or class rating (other than ATP): section 61.63(b) or (c). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has received 

the required training for an additional (name the aircraft category/class rating). I have 

determined that he/she is prepared for the (name the practical test) for the addition of a (name 

the aircraft category/class rating) 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

65. Type rating only, already holds the appropriate category or class rating (other than 

ATP): section 61.63(d)(2) and (3). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.63(d)(2) and (3) for an addition of a (name the type rating). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

66. Type rating concurrently with an additional category or class rating (other than ATP): 

section 61.63(d)(2) and (3). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.63(d)(2) and (3) for an addition of a (name the category/class/type rating). I have 

determined that he/she is prepared for the (name the practical test) for the addition of a (name 

the aircraft category/class/type rating). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

67. Type rating only, already holds the appropriate category or class rating (at the ATP 

level): section 61.157(b)(1). 

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I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.157(b)(1) for an addition of a (name the type rating). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

68. Type rating concurrently with an additional category or class rating (at the ATP level): 

section 61.157(b)(1). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training of 

section 61.157(b)(1) for an addition of a (name the category/class/type rating). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

69. Launch procedures for operating a glider: section 61.31(j). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), has received 

the required training in a (list the glider make and model) for (list the launch procedure). I have 

determined that he/she is proficient in (list the launch procedure). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05

70. Review of a home study curriculum: section 61.35(a)(1). 

I certify I have reviewed the home study curriculum of (First name, MI, Last name). I have 

determined he/she is prepared for the (name the knowledge test). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

71. Experimental aircraft onlyadditional aircraft category or class rating (other than 

ATP): section 61.63(k). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), as required by 

section 61.63(k) is proficient to act as PIC in a (category, class, make, and model) of 

experimental aircraft and has logged at least 5 hours flight time logged between September 1, 

2004 and August 31, 2005 while acting as PIC in (name the aircraft category/class rating and 

make and model) that has been issued an experimental certificate. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

72. Experimental aircraft onlyadditional aircraft category or class rating (ATP): 

section 61.165(f). 

I certify that (First name, MI, Last name), (pilot certificate), (certificate number), as required by 

section 61.165(f) is proficient to act as PIC in a (category, class, make, and model) of 

experimental aircraft and has logged at least 5 hours flight time logged between September 1, 

2004 and August 31, 2005 while acting as PIC in (name the aircraft category/class rating and 

make and model) that has been issued an experimental certificate. 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05 

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Page 18

73. Aeronautical experience creditultralight vehicles: section 61.52. 

I certify, I have reviewed the records of (First name, MI, Last name), as required by section 

61.52(c). I have determined he/she may use (number of hours) aeronautical experience obtained 

in an ultralight vehicle to meet the requirements for (certificate/rating/privilege). 

/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-05