United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

De Kalb County,

Illinois

In cooperation with

Illinois Agricultural

Experiment Station
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is committed to making its

information accessible to all of its customers and employees. If you are experiencing

accessibility issues and need assistance, please contact our Helpdesk by phone at

1-800-457-3642 or by e-mail at helpdesk@helpdesk.itc.nrcs.usda.gov. For assistance

with publications that include maps, graphs, or similar forms of information, you may

also wish to contact our State or local office. You can locate the correct office and

phone number at http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app.

NRCS Accessibility Statement
The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Note the number of

the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Turn to the

Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the

Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs.

3

How To Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service homepage on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1997. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1998. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1997. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Illinois

Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the

De Kalb County Soil and Water Conservation District. Partial funding was provided by

the De Kalb County Board and the Illinois Department of Agriculture.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: A typical landscape in an area of Danabrook, Lisbon, and Parr soils. Approximately 90

percent of De Kalb County is prime farmland.
5

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3

Foreword ................................................................. 9

General Nature of the Survey Area......................... 11

History................................................................ 11

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage .................... 12

Natural Resources ............................................. 13

Agriculture .......................................................... 13

Transportation Facilities ...................................... 13

Industry .............................................................. 13

Climate ............................................................... 13

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 14

Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 17

59A—Lisbon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 18

60C2—La Rose loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 18

60D2—La Rose loam, 10 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 19

62A—Herbert silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .... 19

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 20

68A—Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 20

103A—Houghton muck, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 21

104A—Virgil silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 21

148A—Proctor silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 21

148B—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 22

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 22

154A—Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 23

171A—Catlin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 23

171B—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ..... 24

193A—Mayville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 24

193B—Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 25

193C2—Mayville silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 25

198A—Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 26

206A—Thorp silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 26

219A—Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 27

221B2—Parr silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 27

221C2—Parr silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 28

233A—Birkbeck silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 28

233B—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 29

236A—Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 29

318D2—Lorenzo loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 30

325A—Dresden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 30

325B—Dresden silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes .......................................................... 31

325C2—Dresden silt loam, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 32

327B—Fox silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes ........ 32

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 33

344B—Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 33

348A—Wingate silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 34

348B—Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 34

348C2—Wingate silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 35

356A—Elpaso silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 35

488A—Hooppole loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 36

512A—Danabrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 36

512B—Danabrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 37

512C2—Danabrook silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 37

527B—Kidami silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes .......................................................... 38

527C2—Kidami loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 38
6

527D2—Kidami loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 39

656B—Octagon silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes .......................................................... 39

656C2—Octagon silt loam, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 40

662A—Barony silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 40

662B—Barony silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 41

662C2—Barony silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 41

663A—Clare silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 42

663B—Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ...... 42

667A—Kaneville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 43

667B—Kaneville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 43

667C2—Kaneville silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 44

668A—Somonauk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 44

668B—Somonauk silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

679A—Blackberry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

679B—Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 46

712A—Spaulding silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 46

715A—Arrowsmith silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 47

791A—Rush silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 47

791B—Rush silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes ...... 48

792A—Bowes silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 48

792B—Bowes silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes .......................................................... 49

802B—Orthents, loamy, undulating .................... 49

830—Landfills .................................................... 50

865—Pits, gravel ................................................ 50

3076A—Otter silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, frequently flooded ............................ 50

3776A—Comfrey loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, frequently flooded ............................ 50

Use and Management of the Soils ...................... 53

Crops and Pasture ............................................. 53

Cropland Management Considerations .......... 55

Pastureland Management Considerations...... 56

Yields per Acre............................................... 57

Land Capability Classification ........................ 57

Prime Farmland ............................................. 58

Forestland .......................................................... 59

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings .......... 59

Recreation .......................................................... 60

Wildlife Habitat ................................................... 61

Hydric Soils ........................................................ 63

Engineering ........................................................ 65

Building Site Development ............................. 65

Sanitary Facilities ........................................... 66

Construction Materials ................................... 67

Water Management........................................ 68

Soil Properties ...................................................... 71

Engineering Index Properties ............................. 71

Physical Properties ............................................ 72

Chemical Properties ........................................... 74

Water Features ................................................... 74

Soil Features ...................................................... 75

Classification of the Soils .................................... 77

Soil Series and Their Morphology....................... 77

Arrowsmith Series .......................................... 77

Barony Series ................................................ 78

Birkbeck Series .............................................. 80

Blackberry Series........................................... 81

Bowes Series ................................................. 83

Catlin Series .................................................. 84

Clare Series ................................................... 85

Comfrey Series .............................................. 86

Danabrook Series .......................................... 87

Dresden Series .............................................. 88

Drummer Series............................................. 88

Elburn Series ................................................. 89

Elpaso Series ................................................. 91

Flanagan Series ............................................. 92

Fox Series ...................................................... 93

Harpster Series .............................................. 93

Harvard Series ............................................... 94

Herbert Series ............................................... 95

Hooppole Series ............................................ 97

Houghton Series ............................................ 98
7

Kaneville Series ............................................. 98

Kidami Series ................................................. 99

La Rose Series ............................................ 100

Lisbon Series ............................................... 101

Lorenzo Series ............................................. 102

Mayville Series ............................................. 103

Millbrook Series ........................................... 104

Octagon Series ............................................ 105

Otter Series.................................................. 106

Parr Series ................................................... 107

Peotone Series ............................................ 108

Proctor Series .............................................. 108

Rush Series ................................................. 109

Sabina Series .............................................. 110

Sable Series................................................. 111

Somonauk Series......................................... 112

Spaulding Series .......................................... 114

Thorp Series ................................................ 115

Virgil Series .................................................. 116

Wingate Series............................................. 117

Formation of the Soils........................................ 119

Parent Material ................................................. 119

Climate ............................................................. 120

Living Organisms ............................................. 120

Topography....................................................... 120

Time ................................................................. 120

References .......................................................... 123

Glossary .............................................................. 125

Tables .................................................................. 137

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 138

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall........ 139

Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 139

Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 140

Table 5.—Main Limitations and Hazards

Affecting Cropland and Pastureland ........... 142

Table 6.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Crops and Pasture ......................... 147

Table 7.—Prime Farmland ................................ 151

Table 8.—Forestland Productivity ..................... 152

Table 9.—Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings .................................................... 159

Table 10.—Recreational Development.............. 176

Table 11.—Wildlife Habitat ................................ 181

Table 12.—Building Site Development .............. 185

Table 13.—Sanitary Facilities ........................... 191

Table 14.—Construction Materials .................... 197

Table 15.—Water Management ........................ 203

Table 16.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 210

Table 17.—Physical Properties of the Soils ...... 228

Table 18.—Chemical Properties of the Soils..... 238

Table 19.—Water Features ............................... 245

Table 20.—Soil Features .................................. 250

Table 21.—Classification of the Soils ................ 254

Issued 2003

9

This soil survey contains information that can be used in land-planning programs in

De Kalb County. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The

survey also highlights limitations and hazards inherent in the soil, improvements

needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the

environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or

user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the

survey area is described, and information on specific uses is given. Help in using this

publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

William J. Gradle

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

11

DE KALB COUNTY is in north-central Illinois (fig. 1). It

has an area of 405,920 acres, or 634 square miles. In

2000, the population of the county was 88,969 (U.S.

Department of Commerce, 2000). Sycamore is the

county seat. De Kalb and Sycamore are the largest

cities. The county is bordered by McHenry and Boone

Counties on the north; Kane and Kendall Counties on

the east; La Salle County on the south; and Lee and

Ogle Counties on the west. The survey area is a

subset of Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 95B, the

Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain,

and MLRA 108, the Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and

Drift (USDA, 1981).

This survey updates the survey of De Kalb County

published in 1978 (Hinckley, 1978). It provides

additional information and has larger maps, which

show the soils in greater detail.

General Nature of the Survey Area

This section provides general information about De

Kalb County. It describes history; physiography, relief,

and drainage; natural resources; agriculture;

transportation facilities; industry; and climate.

History

Mike Richolson, district conservationist, Natural Resources

Conservation Service, helped prepare this section.

De Kalb County takes its name from Baron Johann

De Kalb, a German soldier of fortune who fought in the

French Army during the American Revolutionary War

and died in the Battle of Camden in 1780.

The last Native Americans in the county were the

Ottawa and Potawatomi Nations. After the Blackhawk

War in 1832, tribes were moved west to reservations.

The last chief in the area was Chief Shabbona, who

warned settlers of an impending attack. He was

honored with the naming of the town of Shabbona and

Shabbona Lake State Park.

Settlers first arrived in 1834. The Illinois State

Legislature established De Kalb County on March 4,

1837.

Soil Survey of

De Kalb County, Illinois

By Jeffrey A. Deniger, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Original fieldwork by R.J. Herman, K.C. Hinckley, G.T. Keller, B.G. Stewart, and

L.C. Young, Soil Conservation Service

Updated fieldwork by Jeffrey A. Deniger and Karla D. Hanson, Natural Resources

Conservation Service

Map compilation by Jennifer T. Berman, Jeffrey A. Deniger, Karla D. Hanson,

Mary E. Qvyjt, Gregory T. Snell, and Catherine A. Swain, Natural Resources

Conservation Service

Manuscript by Dale E. Calsyn, Jeffrey A. Deniger, and Karla D. Hanson, Natural

Resources Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station
12 Soil Survey of

De Kalb County gained early prominence with

achievements in both agriculture and education. In

1873, Joseph Glidden, Jacob Haish, and Isaac

Ellwood invented and manufactured barbed wire. This

invention was crucial in the opening up of the West,

and De Kalb was recognized as Barb City.

In 1895, with the help of local business, the State

Legislature founded the Northern Illinois State Normal

School. The mission of the school was to train and

educate teachers. Today, Northern Illinois University

has broadened its curriculum and is now the second

largest state university in Illinois.

In 1912, Henry H. Parke and other area farmers

formed the De Kalb County Soil Improvement

Association. This group went on to hire the Nation’s

first county extension advisor, or county agent. The

group was also the forerunner of the farm bureau

movement.

In 1917, the Soil Improvement Association worked

with area farmers to purchase limestone, fertilizers,

and better seed. The need for heartier seed was

recognized, and the De Kalb County Agricultural

Association was formed. This group grew into De Kalb

Genetics Corporation, an international organization

with numerous affiliates.

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage

The survey area consists of moraines, till plains,

outwash plains, stream terraces, flood plains, and

bogs. The county lies in the Great Lake Section of the

Central Lowland Province (Leighton and others, 1948).

Two subdivisions of this section make up the majority

of the county. The Rock River Hill Country occurs in

the northern one-fifth of De Kalb County, and the

Bloomington Ridged Plain makes up the southern

four-fifths.

De Kalb County has relatively low relief. Elevation

ranges from 650 feet above sea level one-half mile

southwest of Sandwich to 990 feet above sea level 3

miles north of Lee. The elevation generally ranges

from 700 to 950 feet above sea level throughout most

of the county.

Several moraines run through the county. The

Bloomington Morainic System occurs in the western

and northern parts. The Shabbona, Arlington, and

Mendota Moraines run in towards the northeast from

the southwest corner of the county to the east-central

part. The Elburn Complex and Farm Ridge Moraines

run through southeastern De Kalb County (Hansel and

Johnson, 1996).

The northern two-thirds of the county is drained by

the South Branch of the Kishwaukee River and its

tributaries. This drainage system generally flows from

south to north and includes three drainage districts

south of the city of De Kalb. The South Branch joins

with the North Branch, and eventually the water flows

into the Rock River. The southern one-third of the

county is drained by a number of creeks. Somonauk

Creek, Indian Creek, and Little Rock Creek generally

flow in a southerly direction. Their waters eventually

empty into the Fox River.

Many small ponds are scattered throughout the

county. The largest constructed reservoir in the

county is Shabbona Lake. The lake has a surface

area of 320 acres. It is located in Shabbona Lake

State Park, which is in the southwestern part of the

county.

Figure 1.—Location of De Kalb County in Illinois.
De Kalb County, Illinois 13

Natural Resources

Soil is the most abundant natural resource in

De Kalb County. This fact is reflected in the county’s

large agriculture industry.

Other natural resources in the county include sand,

gravel, and limestone products. They are removed

commercially in Cortland, Franklin, and Sycamore

Townships near the Kishwaukee River.

Agriculture

Farming has been a major enterprise since the

county was first settled. In 1997, 91 percent of the

county was farmland and there were 828 farms (U.S.

Department of Commerce, 1997). The average farm

size was 445 acres.

Agriculture in De Kalb County consists of

commodity crop production, livestock, and specialty

crops, such as vegetables, turf, and landscape

materials. Corn and soybeans are the main crops.

Corn is grown on 58 percent of the cropland acreage,

and soybeans are grown on 38 percent.

In 1997, the number of swine was 154,403 and

there were 27,072 head of cattle (U.S. Department of

Commerce, 1997).

Transportation Facilities

De Kalb County’s transportation system provides

passenger and freight access to the Chicago,

Rockford, and Quad Cities metropolitan areas. The

road network includes the East-West Tollway (I-88);

U.S. Highways 30 and 34; and State Highways 23, 38,

64, and 72. De Kalb County has a well developed

county highway system that provides connections

between incorporated and unincorporated areas.

Freight is also shipped by rail. Several lines run

through the county.

De Kalb County is served by three general aviation

airports. These are the De Kalb Taylor Municipal,

Hinckley, and Sandwich Airports.

Industry

An agricultural focus shaped early industrial

development. The Marsh Harvester, the sulky plow,

the corn husker, and barbed wire were invented in

De Kalb County. Hybrid seed corn has been produced

in the county since 1934.

Although Northern Illinois University is by far the

county’s largest employer, several manufacturing and

distribution facilities contribute to the county’s

economy and employment opportunities.

Telecommunication equipment, electrical equipment,

wire harnesses, tractors, plastic packaging, and other

goods are produced in the county.

Climate

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at De Kalb in the

period 1971 to 2000. Table 2 shows probable dates of

the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring.

Table 3 provides data on length of the growing season.

In winter, the average temperature is 23.4 degrees

F and the average daily minimum temperature is 15.6

degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred at De Kalb on January 20, 1985, is -27

degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 71.5

degrees and the average daily maximum temperature

is 82.4 degrees. The highest recorded temperature,

which occurred at De Kalb on August 17, 1988, is 103

degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They

are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month,

growing degree days accumulate by the amount that

the average temperature each day exceeds a base

temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly

accumulation is used to schedule single or successive

plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring

and the first freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation is 37.59 inches. Of

this total, about 21 inches, or 56 percent, usually falls

in May through September. The growing season for

most crops falls within this period. The heaviest 1-day

rainfall during the period of record was 8.1 inches on

July 18, 1996. Thunderstorms occur on about 43 days

each year, and most occur between April and

September.

The average seasonal snowfall is 34.8 inches. The

greatest snow depth at any one time during the period

of record was 29 inches recorded on January 24,

1979. On the average, 55 days of the year have at

least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The number of

such days varies greatly from year to year. The

heaviest 1-day snowfall during the period of record

was 15.6 inches on January 13, 1979.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 84 percent. The sun shines

67 percent of the time possible in summer and 47

percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the west

in most months, but it is from the south from June
14 Soil Survey of

through October. Average windspeed is highest, about

12 miles per hour, in March and April.

Tornadoes and severe thunderstorms strike

occasionally. They are of local extent and of short

duration and cause only sparse damage in narrow

areas. Hailstorms sometimes occur during the warmer

periods.

How This Survey Was Made

Soil surveys are updated as part of maintenance

projects that are conducted for a major land resource

area or other region. Maintaining and coordinating soil

survey information within a broad area result in

uniformly delineated and joined soil maps and in

coordinated interpretations and map unit descriptions

for areas that have similar physiography, climate, and

land use.

Updated soil survey information is coordinated

within the major land resource area or other region

and meets the standards established and defined in

the memorandum of understanding. Soil surveys that

are consistent and uniform within a broad area enable

the coordination of soil management

recommendations and a uniform program application

of soil information.

This survey was made to provide updated

information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in

the survey area, which is a subset of MLRA 95B and

MLRA 108. The information includes a description of

the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location

and a discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses.

Soil scientists from both the prior soil survey and

the update survey observed the steepness, length,

and shape of slopes; the degree of erosion; the

general pattern of drainage; and the kinds of crops

and native plants. They made borings and dug holes to

study the soil profile, which is the sequence of natural

layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from

the surface down into the unconsolidated material in

which the soil formed. The unconsolidated material is

devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not

been changed by other biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

of landform or with a segment of the landform. By

observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the

survey area and relating their position to specific

segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a

concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,

during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist

to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the

kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location

on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landform merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate map, however, soil

scientists must determine the boundaries between the

soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil

profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries. After soil scientists located

and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in

the survey area, they then drew the boundaries of

these bodies on aerial photographs and identified

each as a specific map unit.

Fieldwork in the De Kalb County soil survey update

consisted primarily of soil transects conducted by soil

scientists. Soil transects are a systematic way of

sampling a specific soil type. Soil borings are taken at

regular intervals. Soil scientists then record the

characteristics of the soil profiles that they study. They

note soil color, texture, size and shape of soil

aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments,

distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features

that enable them to identify soils. This information can

then be used to run statistical analyses for specific soil

properties. The results of these analyses, along with

other observations, enable the soil scientists to assign

the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic

classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set

of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The

classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify

soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of

taxonomic classification used in the United States, is

based mainly on the kind and character of soil

properties and the arrangement of horizons within the

profile. After the soil scientists classified and named

the soils in the survey area, they compared the

individual soils with similar soils in the same

taxonomic class in other areas so that they could

confirm data and assemble additional data based on

experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of
De Kalb County, Illinois 15

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

Aerial photographs used in this update survey were

taken in 1994. Soil scientists also studied U.S.

Geological Survey topographic maps and

orthophotographs to relate land and image features.

Adjustments of soil boundary lines on the soil maps

published in 1978 were made to coincide with the U.S.

Geological Survey topographic map contour lines and

tonal patterns on aerial photographs. Aerial

photographs also show trees, buildings, fields, roads,

and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries

accurately.

17

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps

in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous

areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in

this section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or

miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and

named according to the taxonomic classification of the

dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are

precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

On the landscape, however, the soils are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some minor components that belong to taxonomic

classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of

the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They

may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit

description. Other minor components, however, have

properties and behavioral characteristics divergent

enough to affect use or to require different

management. These are called contrasting, or

dissimilar, components. They generally are in small

areas and could not be mapped separately because of

the scale used. Some small areas of strongly

contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified

by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting

components are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few areas of minor components may

not have been observed, and consequently they are

not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where

the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to

make enough observations to identify all the soils and

miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in

no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the

data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into landforms or landform segments that

have similar use and management requirements. The

delineation of such segments on the map provides

sufficient information for the development of resource

plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,

however, onsite investigation is needed to define and

locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes

general facts about the unit and gives the principal

hazards and limitations to be considered in planning

for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer, all the soils of a series have major

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example, Parr silt

loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, is a phase of the

Parr series.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. Pits, gravel, is an example.

Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the

soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for

many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms

used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

Detailed Soil Map Units
18 Soil Survey of

59A—Lisbon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 1 to

2 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Lisbon and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that have till beginning at a depth of more than

40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of less than 20 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

60C2—La Rose loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Till

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

La Rose and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have till beginning at a depth of more than

10 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of less than 10 inches or more than 24 inches

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Lisbon soils on

footslopes and summits

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric
De Kalb County, Illinois 19

60D2—La Rose loam, 10 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Till

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

La Rose and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 10 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of less than 10 inches or more than 24 inches

• Soils that have slopes of less than 10 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the

till

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Lisbon soils on

footslopes and summits

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 4e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

62A—Herbert silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 0.5

foot to 2.0 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Herbert and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that have a darker subsurface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Not hydric
20 Soil Survey of

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Calcareous loess or other silty

material over drift

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Harpster and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain loamy drift at a depth of less than

36 inches

• Soils in which the upper part of the subsoil is darker

• Soils that do not contain carbonates at or near the

surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The noncalcareous, poorly drained Drummer soils

on toeslopes

• The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan soils on

footslopes and summits

• The organic, very poorly drained Houghton soils on

the slightly lower toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Hydric soil

68A—Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Sable and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain outwash or till in the lower part of

the profile

• Soils that are darker in the upper part of the

subsoil

• Soils that are overlain by recent, light-colored

deposition

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Arrowsmith soils on

summits and footslopes

• The calcareous, poorly drained Spaulding soils on

toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Hydric soil
De Kalb County, Illinois 21

103A—Houghton muck, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and outwash plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Herbaceous organic material

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above to 1 foot below

the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Houghton and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a lower content of organic matter in

the surface layer

• Soils that have organic deposits less than 51 inches

thick

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on the slightly

higher toeslopes

• Very poorly drained, calcareous soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Hydric soil

104A—Virgil silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot to 2.0 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Virgil and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a darker subsurface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

45 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table below a

depth of 2 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Harvard soils on summits and

backslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about managing

this map unit, see the following sections of this survey:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Not hydric

148A—Proctor silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash
22 Soil Survey of

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Proctor and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Millbrook soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

148B—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Proctor and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Millbrook soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent
De Kalb County, Illinois 23

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Drummer and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer and

subsurface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that are overlain by recent, light-colored

deposition

Dissimilar soils:

• The very poorly drained Houghton soils on the

slightly lower toeslopes

• The somewhat poorly drained Elburn soils on

summits and footslopes

• The calcareous, poorly drained Harpster soils on

toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Hydric soil

154A—Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 1 to

2 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Flanagan and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay and more silt in the

subsoil

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

45 inches

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

171A—Catlin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None
24 Soil Survey of

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Catlin and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

171B—Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Catlin and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

193A—Mayville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)
De Kalb County, Illinois 25

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Mayville and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 20 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that have a thicker and darker surface layer

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

193B—Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Mayville and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 20 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that have a thicker and darker surface

layer

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

193C2—Mayville silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part
26 Soil Survey of

Map Unit Composition

Mayville and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 20 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that have a thicker and darker surface

layer

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

• The somewhat poorly drained Herbert soils on

footslopes and summits

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

198A—Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 to 2 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Elburn and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer and Thorp soils on

toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

206A—Thorp silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Slow

Map Unit Composition

Thorp and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent
De Kalb County, Illinois 27

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer

• Soils that have a darker subsurface layer

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The moderately well drained Blackberry soils on

summits

• The somewhat poorly drained Elburn soils on

summits and footslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Hydric soil

219A—Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot to 2.0 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Millbrook and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that have a darker subsurface layer

• Soils that contain more gravel in the lower part of

the profile

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Harvard soils on summits and

backslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Not hydric

221B2—Parr silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part
28 Soil Survey of

Map Unit Composition

Parr and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are only slightly eroded

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of less than 20 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 18 inches

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

221C2—Parr silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Parr and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of less than 20 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 18 inches

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Lisbon soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

233A—Birkbeck silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part
De Kalb County, Illinois 29

Map Unit Composition

Birkbeck and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker subsurface layer

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 2 feet

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

233B—Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Birkbeck and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker subsurface layer

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 2 feet

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

236A—Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 0.5

foot to 2.0 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderately slow
30 Soil Survey of

Map Unit Composition

Sabina and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker and darker surface layer

• Soils that contain less clay and more silt in the

subsoil

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Not hydric

318D2—Lorenzo loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, end moraines, and kames

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loamy glaciofluvial deposits over

sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Lorenzo and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of less than 12 inches or more than 24 inches

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that contain sandy and gravelly deposits

beginning at a depth of more than 24 inches

• Soils that have slopes of less than 6 percent or

more than 12 percent

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

Dissimilar soils:

• Excessively drained soils on shoulders and

backslopes

• Somewhat poorly drained soils on footslopes and

summits

• Poorly drained soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

325A—Dresden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying loamy glaciofluvial

deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial

deposits

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None
De Kalb County, Illinois 31

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Dresden and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the

upper one-half of the profile

• Soils that contain sandy and gravelly deposits

beginning at a depth of less than 24 inches or more

than 40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils on summits and

footslopes

• Poorly drained soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2s

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

325B—Dresden silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, stream terraces, and

kames

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying loamy glaciofluvial

deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial

deposits

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Dresden and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the

middle part of the subsoil

• Soils that contain sandy and gravelly deposits

beginning at a depth of less than 24 inches or more

than 40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the

profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils on summits and

footslopes

• Excessively drained soils on shoulders and

backslopes

• Poorly drained soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric
32 Soil Survey of

325C2—Dresden silt loam, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, stream terraces, and

kames

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying loamy glaciofluvial

deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial

deposits

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Dresden and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that have slopes of less than 4 percent

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the

middle part of the subsoil

• Soils that contain sandy and gravelly deposits

beginning at a depth of less than 24 inches or more

than 40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils on summits and

footslopes

• Excessively drained soils on shoulders and

backslopes

• Poorly drained soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

327B—Fox silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, end moraines, and kames

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying loamy glaciofluvial

deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial

deposits

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Fox and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that contain sandy and gravelly deposits

beginning at a depth of less than 20 inches or more

than 40 inches

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the

middle part of the subsoil

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils on footslopes and

summits

• Excessively drained soils on shoulders and

backslopes

• Poorly drained soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”
De Kalb County, Illinois 33

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Colluvium

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderately slow

Map Unit Composition

Peotone and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are lighter colored in the upper one-half of

the subsoil

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsurface layer

and the subsoil

• Soils that are overlain by recent, light-colored

deposition

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan soils on

summits and footslopes

• The organic, very poorly drained Houghton soils on

toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Hydric soil

344B—Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Harvard and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Millbrook soils on

footslopes and summits

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”
34 Soil Survey of

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

348A—Wingate silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Wingate and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

348B—Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Wingate and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”
De Kalb County, Illinois 35

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

348C2—Wingate silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Wingate and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

• The somewhat poorly drained Herbert soils on

summits and footslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

356A—Elpaso silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Elpaso and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

35 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that are overlain by recent, light-colored

deposition

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Flanagan soils on

summits and footslopes

• The moderately well drained Danabrook soils on

summits

• The calcareous, poorly drained Harpster soils on

toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:
36 Soil Survey of

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Hydric soil

488A—Hooppole loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Calcareous outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; rapid in the

lower part

Map Unit Composition

Hooppole and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the

upper one-half of the profile

• Soils that contain more gravel in the lower part of

the profile

• Soils that do not contain carbonates at or near the

surface

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• Noncalcareous, poorly drained soils on toeslopes

• Noncalcareous, somewhat poorly drained soils on

footslopes and summits

• Very poorly drained, organic soils on the slightly

lower toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Hydric soil

512A—Danabrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Danabrook and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”
De Kalb County, Illinois 37

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

512B—Danabrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Danabrook and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 22 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

512C2—Danabrook silt loam, 5 to 10

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Danabrook and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 22 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain a zone of glaciofluvial deposits

above the till

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Lisbon soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”
38 Soil Survey of

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

527B—Kidami silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Kidami and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker and thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 18 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

20 inches

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Fox soils, which are moderately

deep to sandy and gravelly outwash; on summits and

backslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

527C2—Kidami loam, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Kidami and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 18 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

20 inches

• Soils that have slopes of less than 4 percent

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Herbert soils on

footslopes and summits

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Fox soils, which are moderately

deep to sandy and gravelly outwash; on shoulders and

backslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:
De Kalb County, Illinois 39

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

527D2—Kidami loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Kidami and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 18 inches

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

20 inches

• Soils that have slopes of less than 6 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Herbert soils on

summits and footslopes

• The well drained Fox soils, which are moderately

deep to sandy and gravelly outwash; on shoulders and

backslopes

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

656B—Octagon silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Octagon and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 18 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of less than 24 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the till
40 Soil Survey of

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

656C2—Octagon silt loam, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 2.0

to 3.5 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Octagon and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 18 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of less than 24 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 4 percent

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the till

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Elpaso soils on toeslopes

• The somewhat poorly drained Herbert soils on

summits and footslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

662A—Barony silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Barony and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet
De Kalb County, Illinois 41

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

662B—Barony silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Barony and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have slopes of more than 5 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

662C2—Barony silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Barony and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that contain more gravel in the lower part of

the profile

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet
42 Soil Survey of

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Millbrook soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

663A—Clare silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Clare and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner subsurface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

663B—Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Clare and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner subsurface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or

more than 5 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet
De Kalb County, Illinois 43

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

667A—Kaneville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Kaneville and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

667B—Kaneville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Kaneville and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about
44 Soil Survey of

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

667C2—Kaneville silt loam, 5 to 10

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Kaneville and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Virgil soils on

footslopes and summits

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

668A—Somonauk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Somonauk and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker and darker surface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:
De Kalb County, Illinois 45

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

668B—Somonauk silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Somonauk and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker and darker surface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

679A—Blackberry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Blackberry and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that have a thinner subsurface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”
46 Soil Survey of

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

679B—Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Blackberry and similar soils: 93 percent

Dissimilar soils: 7 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2.0 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that have a thinner subsurface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

712A—Spaulding silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Calcareous loess

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Spaulding and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain outwash or till in the lower part of

the profile

• Soils that are darker in the upper part of the

subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Arrowsmith soils on

summits and footslopes

• The noncalcareous, poorly drained Sable soils on

toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric properties: Hydric soil
De Kalb County, Illinois 47

715A—Arrowsmith silt loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: 1 to 2 feet

(apparent)

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Arrowsmith and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth

of more than 40 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that contain loamy drift in the lower part of the

profile

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sable soils on toeslopes

• The calcareous, poorly drained Spaulding soils on

toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

791A—Rush silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying loamy and gravelly outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Rush and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface layer

• Soils that contain sandy and gravelly deposits

beginning at a depth of less than 40 inches or more

than 60 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

• Soils that contain more sand in the upper and

middle parts of the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils on summits and

footslopes

• Somewhat excessively drained soils that are

shallow to sandy and gravelly outwash; on summits

and backslopes

• Poorly drained soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”
48 Soil Survey of

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

791B—Rush silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying loamy and gravelly outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Rush and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface layer

• Soils that contain sandy and gravelly deposits

beginning at a depth of less than 40 inches or more

than 60 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

• Soils that contain more sand in the upper and

middle parts of the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils on summits and

footslopes

• Somewhat excessively drained soils that are

shallow to sandy and gravelly outwash; on summits

and backslopes

• Poorly drained soils on toeslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

792A—Bowes silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying loamy and gravelly outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Bowes and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker subsurface layer

• Soils that contain sandy and gravelly deposits

beginning at a depth of less than 40 inches or more

than 60 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

• Soils that contain more sand in the upper and

middle parts of the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils on summits and

footslopes

• Poorly drained soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Lorenzo soils, which are shallow to

sandy and gravelly outwash; on summits

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”
De Kalb County, Illinois 49

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

792B—Bowes silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying loamy and gravelly outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to seasonal high water table: More than 6 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Map Unit Composition

Bowes and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker subsurface layer

• Soils that contain sandy and gravelly deposits

beginning at a depth of less than 40 inches or more

than 60 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table within a

depth of 6 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

• Soils that contain more sand in the upper and

middle parts of the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils on summits and

footslopes

• Poorly drained soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Lorenzo soils, which are shallow to

sandy and gravelly outwash; on summits and

backslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

802B—Orthents, loamy, undulating

Setting

General description: This map unit consists of areas of

disturbed soil material.

Landform: Ground moraines, outwash plains, and

areas of leveled land

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Slope range: 1 to 6 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Earthy fill

Drainage class: Well drained

Seasonal high water table: Perched at a depth of 3.5

to 5.0 feet

Ponding: None

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderately slow

Map Unit Composition

Orthents and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain more silt and less sand in the

profile

• Soils that contain more than 15 percent gravel in the

lower one-half of the profile

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at or near the surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• The very poorly drained Houghton soils on

toeslopes
50 Soil Survey of

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric properties: Not hydric

830—Landfills

• This map unit consists of garbage and other refuse

and rubble from the demolition of buildings and

pavement. The material is typically covered by a layer

of compacted earth. Slopes are highly variable. Some

of the landfills are active, but some have been

abandoned. Some inactive landfills are being

developed as recreational areas.

865—Pits, gravel

• This map unit consists of nearly level to gently

sloping areas from which gravel has been extracted.

The pits have nearly vertical sidewalls. Some pits are

active, but others have been abandoned. Some

contain water. Some of the larger abandoned pits are

used as recreational areas.

3076A—Otter silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Alluvium

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Otter and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner subsurface layer and are

lighter colored in the upper part of the subsoil

• Soils that contain less silt and more clay in the

upper one-half of the profile

• Soils that contain less silt and more sand in the

upper one-half of the profile

• Soils that contain more gravel in the lower part of

the profile

Dissimilar soils:

• Calcareous, poorly drained soils in landform

positions similar to those of the Otter soil

• The very poorly drained Houghton soils on adjacent

landforms

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Forestland”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

and either protected from flooding or not

frequently flooded during the growing season

Hydric properties: Hydric soil

3776A—Comfrey loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Soil Properties and Qualities

Parent material: Alluvium

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above to 1.0 foot

below the surface (apparent)

Ponding frequency: Frequent
De Kalb County, Illinois 51

Depth to restrictive feature: Very deep (more than 60

inches)

Permeability: Moderate

Map Unit Composition

Comfrey and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner subsurface layer

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the

upper one-half of the profile

• Soils that contain more gravel in the lower part of

the profile

Dissimilar soils:

• Calcareous, poorly drained soils in landform

positions similar to those of the Comfrey soil

• The very poorly drained Houghton soils on adjacent

landforms

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections of

this publication:

• “Crops and Pasture”

• “Wildlife Habitat”

• “Engineering”

• “Soil Properties”

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

and either protected from flooding or not

frequently flooded during the growing season

Hydric properties: Hydric soil

53

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife habitat.

It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations

of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent

construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use

it to identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very

firm soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Crops and Pasture

General management needed for crops and pasture

is suggested in this section. The estimated yields of

the main crops and pasture plants are listed, the

system of land capability classification used by the

Natural Resources Conservation Service is explained,

and prime farmland is described.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider obtaining specific

information from the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative

Extension Service.

In 1997, De Kalb County had about 355,207 acres

of cropland (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1997).

The major row crops are corn and soybeans. Wheat is

the major small grain crop grown in the county. Some

vegetables, sod, and nursery crops also are grown.

Alfalfa is the major forage crop.

The soils in De Kalb County have good potential for

continued crop production, especially if the latest crop

production technology is applied. This soil survey can

be used as a guide for applying the latest crop

production technologies.

The major management concerns affecting

cropland in the county are water erosion, wetness,

ponding, surface crusting, poor tilth, and excessive

permeability.

Soil erosion is a potential problem on approximately

41 percent of the cropland in the county. Erosion can

be a problem on soils that have slopes of more than 2

percent, such as Catlin, Danabrook, and Octagon

soils.

Loss of the surface layer is damaging for several

reasons. Soil productivity is reduced as the surface

soil is removed and part of the subsoil is incorporated

into the plow layer. Compared to the surface layer, the

subsoil is generally lower in plant nutrients, has a

lower content of organic matter, and has a higher clay

content. As the content of organic matter decreases

and the clay content increases in the plow layer, soil

tilth decreases. The deterioration of tilth can result in

surface crusting and a reduced rate of water

infiltration. Erosion also results in the sedimentation of

streams, rivers, road ditches, and lakes. This pollution

reduces the quality of water for agricultural, municipal,

and recreational uses and for fish and wildlife.

Removing the sediment generally is expensive.

Controlling erosion helps to minimize this pollution and

improves water quality.

Erosion-control measures include both cultural and

Use and Management of the Soils
54 Soil Survey of

structural practices. The most widely used practice in

the county is conservation tillage. Examples of a

conservation tillage system are mulch tillage and zero

tillage (or no-till). These systems can leave 30 to 90

percent of the surface covered with crop residue.

Another cultural practice is a crop rotation that

includes 1 or more years of close-growing grasses or

legumes (fig. 2). If slopes are smooth and uniform,

terraces and contour farming are also effective in

controlling erosion.

Structural practices are needed in drainageways

where concentrated runoff flows overland. Establishing

grassed waterways or building erosion-control structures

reduces the hazard of erosion in these areas.

Further information about erosion-control measures

suitable for each kind of soil is provided in the Field

Office Technical Guide, which is available in local

offices of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service.

Drainage systems have been installed in most

areas of poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained

soils used as cropland in the county; therefore, these

soils are adequately drained for the crops commonly

grown. Measures that maintain the drainage system

are needed. Poorly drained soils, such as Drummer,

Elpaso, and Hooppole soils, have subsurface

drainage. In addition, surface tile inlets or shallow

surface ditches are needed to remove excess water in

some areas of poorly drained soils. In some parts of

the county, somewhat poorly drained soils are wet

long enough that in some years productivity is

reduced, unless the soils are artificially drained.

Somewhat poorly drained soils, such as Elburn,

Flanagan, and Lisbon soils, have subsurface drainage.

Soil tilth is an important factor influencing the

germination of seeds, the amount of runoff, and the

rate of water infiltration. Soils that have good tilth are

granular and porous and have a high content of

organic matter.

Crusting can be a problem in areas of Birkbeck and

Kidami soils, which have a surface layer of silt loam or

loam and a low content of organic matter. Generally,

the structure of these soils is weak, and a crust forms

on the surface during periods of intense rainfall. This

crust is hard when dry. It inhibits seedling emergence,

reduces the infiltration rate, and increases runoff and

erosion. Regular additions of crop residue, manure,

and other organic material improve soil structure and

minimize crusting.

Poor tilth is also a problem on soils that have a

surface layer of silty clay loam. If poorly drained soils,

such as Drummer and Elpaso soils, are plowed when

wet, the surface layer can become cloddy. This

cloddiness hinders the preparation of a good seedbed.

Figure 2.—A crop rotation that includes several years of tall grasses can help to control erosion in this area of Kidami loam, 6 to 12

percent slopes, eroded.
De Kalb County, Illinois 55

Tilling in the fall and leaving the soil surface rough and

covered with a moderate amount of crop residue

generally result in good tilth in the spring. A system of

strip or ridge tillage may also work well on these soils.

Soils with excessive permeability, such as Bowes

and Dresden soils, have the potential for ground-water

contamination. These soils contain sandy and gravelly

deposits within a depth of 60 inches and are very

rapidly permeable in the lower part of the profile.

Several measures can be used to limit the amount

of deep leaching of nutrients and pesticides.

Applications of fertilizer should be based on the results

of soil tests. The local office of the Cooperative

Extension Service can help in determining the kinds

and proper amounts of nutrients needed. Chemicals

should be selected based on their solubility in water,

their ability to bind with the soil, and the rate of their

breakdown in the soil. Splitting applications of

chemicals, particularly nitrogen, is beneficial. This

practice reduces the chance for excessive leaching

from a one-time application. Including legumes in a

crop rotation or as a cover crop adds nitrogen to the

soil and thus reduces the amount of nitrogen needed

in chemical applications. Using crop rotations is also

effective in limiting the buildup of weed and insect

populations, thereby reducing the amount of

herbicides and insecticides needed per application.

Finally, the use of small grain cover crops following

fertilized corn crops can be effective in taking up some

residual nitrogen from the soil.

Proper management is needed on hayland to

prolong the life of desirable forage species, maintain or

improve the quality and quantity of forage, and control

erosion and runoff. Hay may last as a vigorous crop for

4 or 5 years, depending on management and on the

varieties seeded. Suitable hay plants include several

legumes and cool-season grasses. Alfalfa is the

legume most commonly grown for hay. It is often used

in mixtures with smooth bromegrass and

orchardgrass. Alfalfa is best suited to moderately well

drained soils, such as Mayville and Kidami soils. Red

clover also is grown for hay. Measures that maintain

fertility are needed. The amount of lime and fertilizer to

be added should be based on the results of soil tests,

the needs of the plants, and the expected level of

yields. Seed varieties should be selected in

accordance with the soil properties and the drainage

conditions of the tract of land.

Cropland Management Considerations

The management concerns affecting the use of the

soils in the survey area for crops and pasture are

shown in table 5.

The main concerns in managing cropland are

controlling water erosion, soil wetness, and ponding;

minimizing crusting; improving poor tilth; and limiting

the effects of excessive permeability.

Generally, a combination of several practices is

needed to control water erosion. Conservation tillage,

stripcropping, contour farming, conservation cropping

systems, crop residue management, diversions, and

grassed waterways help to prevent excessive soil loss.

Wetness is a limitation in some areas of cropland,

and ponding is a hazard. Drainage systems consist of

subsurface tile drains, surface inlet tile, open drainage

ditches, or a combination of these. Measures that

maintain the drainage system are needed.

Practices that minimize crusting and improve poor

tilth include incorporating green manure crops,

manure, or crop residue into the soil and using a

system of conservation tillage. Avoiding tillage when

the soil is too wet can control surface cloddiness.

Excessive permeability can cause deep leaching of

nutrients and pesticides. Selecting appropriate

chemicals and using split application methods reduce

the hazard of ground-water contamination.

Additional limitations and hazards are as follows:

Excess lime.—This limitation can be overcome by

incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop

residue into the soil; applying a system of

conservation tillage; and using conservation cropping

systems. In addition, crops may respond well to

additions of phosphate fertilizer to soils that have a

high content of lime.

Flooding.—This hazard cannot be easily overcome.

Winter small grain crops can be damaged by flooding.

Tilling and planting should be delayed in the spring

until flooding is no longer a hazard. Dikes and

diversions can reduce the extent of the crop damage

caused by floodwater

Low available water capacity.—This limitation can

be minimized by reducing the evaporation and runoff

rates and increasing the rate of water infiltration.

Applying conservation tillage and conservation

cropping systems, farming on the contour,

stripcropping, establishing field windbreaks, and

leaving crop residue on the surface conserve

moisture.

Restricted permeability.—This limitation can reduce

the effectiveness of drainage systems. Narrower tile

spacing can lower the seasonal high water table.

Subsidence.—Subsidence occurs as a result of

shrinkage from drying, consolidation because of the

loss of ground water, compaction from tillage, wind

erosion, burning, and biochemical oxidation. Limiting

the amount of drainage, avoiding excessive tillage,

avoiding tilling when the soil is wet, and using a
56 Soil Survey of

system of conservation tillage that leaves crop residue

on the surface after planting help to control

subsidence.

Wind erosion.—Using a system of conservation

tillage that leaves crop residue on the surface after

planting and keeping the surface rough help to control

wind erosion.

Explanation of Criteria

Crusting.—The organic matter content is 2.5

percent or less, and the clay content is greater than 20

percent in the surface layer.

Excess lime.—A calcium carbonate equivalent of 15

percent or more is within 16 inches of the surface.

Excessive permeability.—Permeability is 6 inches

or more per hour within the soil profile.

Flooding.—The soil is subject to occasional or

frequent flooding.

Low available water capacity.—The weighted

average of the available water capacity between the

surface and a depth of 40 inches is 0.1 inch or less.

Ponding.—A seasonal high water table is above the

surface.

Poor tilth.—The clay content is 27 percent or more

in the surface layer.

Restricted permeability.—Permeability is less than

0.2 inch per hour between the surface and a depth of

40 inches.

Subsidence.—The decrease in surface elevation is

more than 0 inches.

Water erosion.—The Kw factor of the surface layer

multiplied by the slope is more than 0.8, and the slope

is 3 percent or more.

Wetness.—The seasonal high water table is within

a depth of 1.5 feet.

Wind erosion.—The wind erodibility group is 1 or 2.

Pastureland Management Considerations

Under good management, proper grazing is

essential for the production of high-quality forage,

stand survival, and erosion control. Proper grazing

helps plants to maintain sufficient and generally

vigorous top growth during the growing season. Brush

control is essential in many areas, and weed control

generally is needed. Rotation grazing and renovation

also are important management practices.

Yield estimates are often provided in animal unit

months (AUM), or the amount of forage or feed

required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse,

one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.

The local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or of the Cooperative Extension

Service can provide information about forage yields

other than those shown in the yields table.

Growing legumes and cool-season grasses that are

suited to the soils and climate in the survey area helps

to maintain a productive stand of pasture. The main

concerns affecting the management of pastureland in

the county are listed in table 5. They include frost heave,

low pH, water erosion, wetness, ponding, equipment

limitation, flooding, wind erosion, and low available water

capacity.

Frost heave is a limitation in areas of soils that have

a moderate or high potential for frost action. It occurs

when ice lenses or bands develop in the soil and drive

an ice wedge between two layers of soil near the

surface layer. The ice wedges heave the overlying soil

layer upward, snapping the roots. Soils that have a low

content of sand have small pores that hold water and

enable ice lenses to form. Selecting adapted forage

and hay varieties reduces the effects of frost heave.

Timely deferment of grazing, which maintains surface

cover that insulates the soil, also reduces the effects

of frost heave.

Soils that have low pH have a pH value of 5.5 or

less within 40 inches of the surface. Low pH inhibits

the uptake of certain nutrients by the plants or

accelerates the absorption of certain other elements to

the level of toxic concentrations. Either of these

conditions affects the health and vigor of plants.

Applications of lime should be based on the results of

soil tests. The goal is to achieve the optimum pH level

for the uptake of the major nutrients by the specific

grass, legume, or combination of grasses and legumes.

Pastureland soils that are susceptible to water

erosion meet the following criteria: the value of the Kw

factor multiplied by the percent slope is more than 0.8,

and the slope is 3 percent or more. Water erosion

reduces the productivity of pastureland. It also results

in onsite and offsite sedimentation, causes water

pollution by sedimentation, and increases the runoff of

livestock manure and other added nutrients. Measures

that are effective in controlling water erosion include

establishing or renovating stands of legumes and

grasses. Controlling erosion during seedbed

preparation is a major concern. If the soil is tilled for

the reseeding of pasture or hay crops, planting winter

cover crops, establishing grassed waterways, farming

on the contour, and using a system of conservation

tillage that leaves crop residue on the surface can help

to minimize erosion. Overgrazing or grazing when the

soil is wet reduces the extent of plant cover and

results in surface compaction and poor tilth, and thus it

increases the susceptibility to erosion. Proper stocking

rates, rotation grazing, and timely deferment of
De Kalb County, Illinois 57

grazing, especially during wet periods, help to keep

the pasture and soil in good condition. The proper

location of livestock watering facilities helps to prevent

surface compaction or the formation of ruts by making

it unnecessary for cattle to travel long distances up

and down the steeper slopes.

Wetness is limitation in some areas, and ponding is

a hazard. Wetness occurs in areas where the

seasonal high water table is within a depth of 1.5 feet.

Ponding occurs when the seasonal high water table is

above the surface. A drainage system that consists of

subsurface tile drains, surface inlet tile, open drainage

ditches, or a combination of these can lower the water

table and remove excess water. Measures that

maintain the drainage system are needed. Selecting

species of grasses and legumes adapted to wet

conditions can improve forage production. Restricted

use during wet periods helps to keep the pasture in

good condition.

Equipment limitation is a concern in areas where

slopes are more than 10 percent. It can cause rapid

wear of equipment. It can also present problems with

fertilization, harvest, pasture renovation, and seedbed

preparation. This limitation cannot be easily overcome.

Frequent or occasional flooding can damage forage

stands and delay harvesting in some years. Dikes and

diversions help to control the extent of damage caused

by floodwater. Selecting species of grasses and

legumes adapted to wet conditions can improve forage

production. Restricted use during wet periods helps to

keep the pasture in good condition.

Organic soils, which are in wind erodibility group 1

or 2, are susceptible to wind erosion. If the soil is tilled

for the reseeding of pasture or hay crops, planting

winter cover crops, using a system of conservation

tillage that leaves crop residue on the surface, and

keeping the surface rough help to control wind erosion.

Overgrazing or grazing when the soil is wet reduces

the extent of plant cover, and thus it increases the

susceptibility to wind erosion. Proper stocking rates,

rotation grazing, and timely deferment of grazing,

especially during wet periods, help to keep the pasture

in good condition.

Low available water capacity means that the

weighted average of the available water capacity

between the surface and a depth of 40 inches is 0.1

inch or less. Available water capacity refers to the

capacity of soils to hold water available for use by

most plants. The quality and quantity of the pasture

may be reduced if the pasture cannot support the

desired number of livestock because the available

water is inadequate for the maintenance of a healthy

community of desired pasture species. A poor quality

pasture may increase the hazard of water erosion and

increase the runoff of pollutants. Planting droughtresistant species of grasses and legumes helps to

establish a cover of vegetation. The plants should not

be clipped or grazed until they are sufficiently

established.

Yields per Acre

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in table 6. In any given year,

yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in

the table because of variations in rainfall and other

climatic factors. The land capability classification of the

map units in the survey area also is shown in the

table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents (Fehrenbacher and others, 1978). Available

yield data from nearby counties and results of field

trials and demonstrations also are considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in the table are

grown in the survey area, but estimated yields are not

listed because the acreage of such crops is small. The

local office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service or of the Cooperative Extension Service can

provide information about the management and

productivity of the soils for those crops.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops.

Crops that require special management are excluded.

The soils are grouped according to their limitations for

field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for
58 Soil Survey of

crops, and the way they respond to management. The

criteria used in grouping the soils do not take into

account major and generally expensive landforming

that would change slope, depth, or other

characteristics of the soils, nor do they include

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.

Capability classification is not a substitute for

interpretations designed to show suitability and

limitations of groups of soils for woodland or for

engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils generally are grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit

(USDA, 1961). These categories indicate the degree

and kinds of limitations affecting mechanized farming

systems that produce the more commonly grown field

crops, such as corn, small grain, cotton, hay, and fieldgrown vegetables. Only class and subclass are used

in this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by the numbers 1 through 8. The numbers

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use. The classes are defined as

follows:

Class 1 soils have few limitations that restrict their

use.

Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that reduce

the choice of plants or that require moderate

conservation practices.

Class 3 soils have severe limitations that reduce the

choice of plants or that require special conservation

practices, or both.

Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that

reduce the choice of plants or that require very careful

management, or both.

Class 5 soils are not likely to erode but have other

limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their use.

Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make

them generally unsuitable for cultivation.

Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that make

them unsuitable for cultivation.

Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have

limitations that nearly preclude their use for

commercial crop production.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one

class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e,

w, s, or c, to the class number, for example, 2e. The

letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of

erosion unless a close-growing plant cover is

maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil

interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some soils

the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used

in only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry.

In class 1 there are no subclasses because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use mainly to pasture, rangeland, woodland, wildlife

habitat, or recreation.

The capability classification of map units in this

survey area is given in table 6.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important

farmland defined by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the

Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that responsible levels of government, as well as

individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department

of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of

physical and chemical characteristics for producing

food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is

available for these uses. It could be cultivated land,

pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not

urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil qualities,

growing season, and moisture supply are those

needed for the soil to economically produce sustained

high yields of crops when proper management,

including water management, and acceptable farming

methods are applied. In general, prime farmland has

an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from

precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and

growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an

acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no

rocks. It is permeable to water and air. It is not

excessively erodible or saturated with water for long

periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during

the growing season or is protected from flooding.

Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More

detailed information about the criteria for prime

farmland is available at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

Over the past 20 years, a trend in land use in some

parts of the survey area has been the loss of some

prime farmland to industrial and urban uses. The loss

of prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on
De Kalb County, Illinois 59

marginal lands, which generally are more erodible,

droughty, and less productive and cannot be easily

cultivated.

About 366,350 acres, or nearly 90 percent of the

survey area, meets the criteria for prime farmland.

Areas of this land are throughout the county.

The map units in the survey area that are

considered prime farmland are listed in table 7. This

list does not constitute a recommendation for a

particular land use. On some soils included in the list,

measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such

as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed.

Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or

not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by

corrective measures. The extent of each listed map

unit is shown in table 4. The location is shown on the

detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use

and management are described in the section

“Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Forestland

George Poe, district forester, Illinois Department of

Conservation, helped prepare this section.

The early land survey maps of the 1820s show that

about 29,600 acres in De Kalb County, or 7 percent of

the total land area, was forested. During the following

100 years, the forest was cleared and converted to

other land uses; by the 1920s, a residual forest of only

about 5,600 acres remained. The latest survey,

conducted in 1985, shows that about 5,300 acres, or 1

percent of the total land area, supports forest

vegetation. In recent times a very slight increase in

forest coverage has occurred. This increase is a result

of the reduction in livestock numbers as the forest

slowly occupies abandoned pasturelands.

The majority of forests in De Kalb County can

generally be classified as the elm-ash-soft maple type

on bottom land or the oak-hickory type on uplands.

The common tree species associated with the bottomland forest include swamp white oak, bur oak, green

ash, cottonwood, black willow, silver maple,

honeylocust, American elm, bitternut hickory,

hackberry, and boxelder. The oak-hickory forest type

includes white oak, bur oak, shagbark hickory, red

oak, black oak, and black cherry. Other tree species

that are common in the county but that are mostly in

transitional areas between the two forest types are

white ash, basswood, sugar maple, Hill’s oak, black

walnut, hophornbeam, slippery elm, and Kentucky

coffeetree. There are 59 different tree species in the

county and at least that many associated shrub

species.

Assistance in establishing, improving, or managing

forestland is available from foresters or natural

resource specialists.

Table 8 provides information regarding the

productivity of the soils in the county for forestland.

The potential productivity for merchantable or common

trees on a soil is expressed as a site index and as a

volume number. Only those soils suitable for wood

crops are listed.

The site index is the average height, in feet, that

dominant and codominant trees of a given species

attain in a specified number of years. The site index

applies to fully stocked, even-aged, unmanaged

stands.

The first species listed under common trees for a

soil is the indicator species for that soil. It generally is

the most common species on the soil. Commonly

grown trees are those that forest managers generally

favor in intermediate or improvement cuttings. They

are selected based on growth rate, quality, value, and

marketability. More detailed information is available in

the “National Forestry Manual,” which is available in

local offices of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service.

The volume of wood fiber, a number, is the yield

likely to be produced by the most important trees. This

number, expressed as cubic feet per acre per year

and calculated at the age of culmination of the mean

annual increment (CMAI), indicates the amount of

fiber produced in a fully stocked, even-aged,

unmanaged stand.

Trees to manage are those that are preferred for

planting, seeding, or natural regeneration and those

that remain in the stand after thinning or partial

harvest.

Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, and yards

from wind and snow. They also protect fruit trees and

gardens, and they furnish habitat for wildlife. Several

rows of low- and high-growing broadleaf and

coniferous trees and shrubs provide the most

protection.

Field windbreaks are narrow plantings made at right

angles to the prevailing wind and at specific intervals

across the field. The interval depends on the erodibility

of the soil. Field windbreaks protect cropland and

crops from wind, help to keep snow on the fields, and

provide food and cover for wildlife.

Environmental plantings help to beautify and screen

houses and other buildings and to abate noise. The
60 Soil Survey of

plants, mostly evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely

spaced. To ensure plant survival, a healthy planting

stock of suitable species should be planted properly

on a well prepared site and maintained in good

condition.

Table 9 shows the height that locally grown trees

and shrubs are expected to reach in 20 years on

various soils. The estimates in table 9 are based on

measurements and observation of established

plantings that have been given adequate care. They

can be used as a guide in planning windbreaks and

screens. Additional information on planning

windbreaks and screens and planting and caring for

trees and shrubs can be obtained from the local office

of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or of

the Cooperative Extension Service or from a

commercial nursery.

Recreation

De Kalb County offers a wide variety of recreational

facilities, including the 1,500-acre Shabbona Lake

State Park (fig. 3) and county-owned forest preserves.

An assortment of outdoor activities are available to the

public, including boating, fishing, hiking, biking,

horseback riding, camping, and picnicking. Also, most

municipalities offer a variety of recreational facilities

and activities, such as playgrounds, swimming pools,

and golf courses.

The county has several bicycle trails. The Kiwanis

Bicycle Path and Peace Road Bicycle Trail are two of

the more extensive trails.

The soils of the survey area are rated in table 10

according to limitations that affect their suitability for

recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil

features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the

surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered.

Not considered in the ratings, but important in

evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of

the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic

quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water

impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines.

The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent

and the ability of the soil to support vegetation also are

important. Soils that are subject to flooding are limited

for recreational uses by the duration and intensity of

flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In

planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of

the height, duration, intensity, and frequency of

flooding is essential.

In table 10, the degree of soil limitation is expressed

as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight means that soil

properties are generally favorable and that limitations

are minor and easily overcome. Moderate means that

limitations can be overcome or alleviated by planning,

design, or special maintenance. Severe means that

soil properties are unfavorable and that limitations can

be offset only by costly soil reclamation, special

design, intensive maintenance, limited use, or a

combination of these.

The information in table 10 can be supplemented by

other information in this survey, for example,

interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in table

13 and interpretations for dwellings without basements

and for local roads and streets in table 12.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The best soils have mild slopes and

are not wet or subject to flooding during the period of

use. The surface has few or no stones or boulders,

absorbs rainfall readily but remains firm, and is not

dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones or boulders

can greatly increase the cost of constructing

campsites.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm

when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to

flooding during the period of use, and do not have

slopes or stones or boulders that increase the cost of

shaping sites or of building access roads and parking

areas.

Playgrounds require soils that can withstand

intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level

and are not wet or subject to flooding during the

season of use. The surface is free of stones and

boulders, is firm after rains, and is not dusty when dry.

If grading is needed, the depth of the soil over bedrock

or a hardpan should be considered.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no cutting and filling. The best

soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty

when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than

once a year during the period of use. They have

moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on

the surface.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.
De Kalb County, Illinois 61

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or

greens is not considered in rating the soils.

Wildlife Habitat

De Kalb County has diverse topography. This

diversity is primarily the result of glacial action. It

provides a variety of upland and aquatic habitats that

support an abundance of wildlife species.

The upland areas, which range from gently sloping

to strongly sloping hillsides and ridges to nearly level

outwash plains, were once covered by a sea of native

prairie grasses and small open oak forestlands known

as savannas. These natural communities were once

home to such species as buffalo, elk, prairie chickens,

and wolves.

Characteristic aquatic habitats include streams and

wetlands. Typical wetlands include lakeside marshes,

glacial potholes, hillside seeps, and flood-plain

wetlands along streams and rivers. These wetland

areas provide important stormwater storage and water

quality benefits to the county as well as providing

homes to such species as ducks, geese, great blue

herons, sandhill cranes, muskrat, mink, beaver, and

numerous frogs, toads, and turtles.

As the county was settled, conversion of land for

agriculture and urbanization altered the natural

communities and the wildlife populations associated

with them. De Kalb County’s landscape is now a

mosaic of cropland, urban areas, pasture, small

woodlots, and wetlands and other waterways. The

various land uses support wildlife species that have

adapted to the human-altered landscape. These

species include whitetail deer, mallards, pheasants,

squirrels, crows, cardinals, house sparrows, raccoon,

fox, and coyotes.

In general, most areas in the county are not

managed primarily for wildlife. Good land management

practices, however, can commonly improve the value

of an area as wildlife habitat. For example, farm

practices that leave crop residue on the fields during

Figure 3.—Shabbona Lake State Park offers a variety of recreational activities.
62 Soil Survey of

the fall and winter months not only help to control soil

erosion but also provide winter cover and food for

some wildlife species. Allowing grassed waterways,

road ditches, fencelines, set-aside fields, and vacant

properties to remain unmowed until early August

provides much-needed habitat for ground-nesting

wildlife, such as rabbits, pheasants, and many species

of songbirds.

Many temporarily and seasonally flooded wetlands

have been impacted by land use practices.

Development and cultivation in these wetlands should

be avoided. Buffer strips surrounding wetland areas

can provide food and nesting cover for many wildlife

species and prevent these areas from filling in with

eroded sediment. Wetlands, streambanks, and

woodlots should be fenced so that livestock are

excluded. Fencing protects and maintains the native

plant communities that support wildlife species, helps

to control erosion, and improves water quality in our

streams and rivers.

When attempts are made to restore or manage an

area for wildlife, it is important to understand the kinds

of soils on the site. For example, soils that have a

seasonal high water table will most likely support

vegetation that is tolerant of wet conditions and thus

attract wetland wildlife species. If the soil series is

characterized by wetness or hydric properties but the

area does not appear to be susceptible to wetness,

there may be an existing drainage ditch or a system of

subsurface tile drains. Areas that have been drained

can provide opportunities for the restoration of wetland

habitat as long as negative impacts are avoided on

neighboring properties.

Nonhydric soils in the uplands support communities

once dominated by prairie grass and oak savanna

habitats. These habitats can also be restored through

management that promotes or reestablishes the native

plant species while controlling or eliminating

competing exotic vegetation.

Assistance with wildlife habitat projects can be

obtained from various local, State, and Federal

agencies, including the Illinois Department of

Conservation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the

Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the

local Soil and Water Conservation District.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 11, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat

is impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface

stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil

moisture also are considerations. Examples of grain

and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, and barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,

available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness,

flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture

also are considerations. Examples of grasses and

legumes are fescue, bromegrass, timothy,

orchardgrass, clover, alfalfa, trefoil, reed canarygrass,

and crownvetch.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and

soil moisture also are considerations. Examples of wild

herbaceous plants are bluestem, indiangrass,
De Kalb County, Illinois 63

goldenrod, lambsquarter, dandelions, blackberry,

ragweed, wheatgrass, fescue, and nightshade.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the

growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the

root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, poplar, boxelder,

birch, maple, green ash, willow, and American elm.

Examples of fruit-producing shrubs that are suitable

for planting on soils rated good are hawthorn,

honeysuckle, American plum, redosier dogwood,

chokecherry, serviceberry, silver buffaloberry, and

crabapple.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine,

spruce, hemlock, fir, yew, cedar, larch, and juniper.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,

salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of

wetland plants are smartweed, wild millet, rushes,

sedges, bulrushes, wild rice, arrowhead,

waterplantain, pickerelweed, and cattails.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples

of shallow water areas are muskrat marshes,

waterfowl feeding areas, wildlife watering

developments, beaver ponds, and other ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these

areas include bobwhite quail, Hungarian partridge,

pheasant, meadowlark, field sparrow, killdeer,

cottontail rabbit, and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous and/or coniferous plants and associated

grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife

attracted to these areas include wild turkey, thrushes,

woodpeckers, owls, squirrels, raccoon, and deer.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas (fig. 4). Some of the

wildlife attracted to such areas are ducks, geese,

herons, bitterns, rails, kingfishers, muskrat, otter, mink,

and beaver.

Hydric Soils

In this section, hydric soils are defined and

described and the hydric soils in the survey area are

listed.

The three essential characteristics of wetlands are

hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland

hydrology (Cowardin and others, 1979; U.S. Army

Corps of Engineers, 1987; National Research Council,

1995; Tiner, 1985). Criteria for each of the

characteristics must be met for areas to be identified

as wetlands. Undrained hydric soils that have natural

vegetation should support a dominant population of

ecological wetland plant species. Hydric soils that

have been converted to other uses should be capable

of being restored to wetlands.

Hydric soils are defined by the National Technical

Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS) as soils that

formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or

ponding long enough during the growing season to

develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part

(Federal Register, 1994). These soils are either

saturated or inundated long enough during the

growing season to support the growth and

reproduction of hydrophytic vegetation.

The NTCHS definition identifies general soil

properties that are associated with wetness. In order

to determine whether a specific soil is a hydric soil or

nonhydric soil, however, more specific information,

such as information about the depth and duration of

the water table, is needed. Thus, criteria that identify

those estimated soil properties unique to hydric soils

have been established (Federal Register, 1995). These

criteria are used to identify a phase of a soil series

that normally is associated with wetlands. The criteria

used are selected estimated soil properties that are

described in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999)

and “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1998)

and in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey Division

Staff, 1993).

If soils are wet enough for a long enough period to

be considered hydric, they should exhibit certain

properties that can be easily observed in the field.

These visible properties are indicators of hydric soils.

The indicators used to make onsite determinations of

hydric soils in this survey area are specified in “Field

Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States” (Hurt

and others, 1998).

Hydric soils are identified by examining and
64 Soil Survey of

describing the soil to a depth of about 20 inches. This

depth may be greater if determination of an

appropriate indicator so requires. It is always

recommended that soils be excavated and described

to the depth necessary for an understanding of the

redoximorphic processes. Then, using the completed

soil descriptions, soil scientists can compare the soil

features required by each indicator and specify which

indicators have been matched with the conditions

observed in the soil. The soil can be identified as a

hydric soil if at least one of the approved indicators is

present.

The following map units meet the definition of

hydric soils and, in addition, have at least one of the

hydric soil indicators. This list can help in planning

land uses; however, onsite investigation is

recommended to determine the hydric soils on a

specific site (National Research Council, 1995; Hurt

and others, 1998).

67A Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

68A Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

103A Houghton muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes

152A Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

206A Thorp silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

330A Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

356A Elpaso silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

488A Hooppole loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

712A Spaulding silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

3076A Otter silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded

3776A Comfrey loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded

Map units that are made up of hydric soils may

have small areas, or inclusions, of nonhydric soils in

the higher positions on the landform, and map units

made up of nonhydric soils may have inclusions of

hydric soils in the lower positions on the landform.

Figure 4.—Shabbona Lake provides good habitat for waterfowl.
De Kalb County, Illinois 65

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the data provided in the tables under the

heading “Soil Properties.”

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Because of the map scale, small areas of different

soils may be included within the mapped areas of a

specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about grain-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 or 6

feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal

high water table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural

soil structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were

collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of

the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed

cations. Estimates were made for erodibility,

permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral

characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;

plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,

terraces, and other structures for soil and water

conservation; and predict performance of proposed

small structures and pavements by comparing the

performance of existing similar structures on the same

or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Table 12 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings

with and without basements, small commercial

buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and

landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if

soil properties and site features are generally

favorable for the indicated use and limitations are

minor and easily overcome; moderate if soil properties

or site features are not favorable for the indicated use

and special planning, design, or maintenance is

needed to overcome or minimize the limitations; and

severe if soil properties or site features are so

unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that special

design, significant increases in construction costs, and

possibly increased maintenance are required. Special

feasibility studies may be required where the soil

limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, or other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth

to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm dense

layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time

of the year that excavations can be made is affected

by the depth to a seasonal high water table and the

susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of

the excavation walls or banks to sloughing or caving is

affected by soil texture and depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed

soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family

dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are

made for small commercial buildings without
66 Soil Survey of

basements, for dwellings with basements, and for

dwellings without basements. The ratings are based

on soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause

the movement of footings. A high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope,

and flooding affect the ease of excavation and

construction. Landscaping and grading that require

cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not

considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material; and

a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally

limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large

stones, and slope affect the ease of excavating and

grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering

classification of the soil), shrink-swell potential, frost

action potential, and depth to a high water table affect

the traffic-supporting capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available water

capacity in the upper 40 inches, and the content of

salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect plant

growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and the

amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface

layer affect trafficability after vegetation is established.

Sanitary Facilities

Table 13 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations

are considered slight if soil properties and site features

are generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if

soil properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increases in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required.

The table also shows the suitability of the soils for

use as daily cover for landfill. A rating of good

indicates that soil properties and site features are

favorable for the use and good performance and low

maintenance can be expected; fair indicates that soil

properties and site features are moderately favorable

for the use and one or more soil properties or site

features make the soil less desirable than the soils

rated good; and poor indicates that one or more soil

properties or site features are unfavorable for the use

and overcoming the unfavorable properties requires

special design, extra maintenance, or costly alteration.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil

through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that

part of the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the

effluent. Large stones and bedrock or a cemented pan

interfere with installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can

be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or

fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the base of

the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the

water table is near the surface. There must be

unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption field

to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances

require that this material be of a certain thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to

hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides

is required to minimize seepage and contamination of

ground water.

The table gives ratings for the natural soil that

makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and,

generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface

layer are excavated to provide material for the

embankments. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope,

permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of

organic matter.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid
De Kalb County, Illinois 67

permeability in the soil or a water table that is high

enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon

causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution

results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater

overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter

is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon

because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and

cemented pans can cause construction problems, and

large stones can hinder compaction of the lagoon

floor.

Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is

disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of

landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste

is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and

covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the

site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The waste

is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin

layer of soil from a source away from the site.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation

should be considered.

The ratings in the table are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan, a high water table, slope, and flooding

affect both types of landfill. Texture, stones and

boulders, highly organic layers, soil reaction, and

content of salts and sodium affect trench landfills.

Unless otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that

part of the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For

deeper trenches, a limitation rated slight or moderate

may not be valid. Onsite investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

Soil texture, wetness, rock fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that

are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy

and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to

wind erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water

table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as

the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for

plants. The surface layer generally has the best

workability, more organic matter, and the best potential

for plants. Material from the surface layer should be

stockpiled for use as the final cover.

Construction Materials

Table 14 gives information about the soils as a

source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils

are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and

topsoil. They are rated as a probable or improbable

source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on

soil properties and site features that affect the removal

of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal

compaction, minor processing, and other standard

construction practices are assumed. Each soil is

evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of

roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6

feet high and less exacting in design than higher

embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information can

help to determine the suitability of each layer for use

as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is stabilized

with lime or cement is not considered in the ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a

high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs

in place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell

potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized

particles and have a plasticity index of less than 10.

They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of

15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water

table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a plasticity

index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential,

many stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They

are wet and have a water table at a depth of less than

1 foot. They may have layers of suitable material, but

the material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They
68 Soil Survey of

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In table 14, only the

probability of finding material in suitable quantity is

evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific

purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect

excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at

least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight,

large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable

source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as

shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and

gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a

water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by

slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and

toxic material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of

soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to

fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15

percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes

of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal high

water table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

Table 15 gives information on the soil properties

and site features that affect water management. The

degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond

reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and

aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The limitations are

considered slight if soil properties and site features are

generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and are easily overcome;

moderate if soil properties or site features are not

favorable for the indicated use and special planning,

design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or

minimize the limitations; and severe if soil properties or

site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to

overcome that special design, significant increase in

construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a

depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will

be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high
De Kalb County, Illinois 69

content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts

or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of

usable material. It also affects trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of

large stones affect the ease of excavation.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock, to a cemented pan, or to other layers that

affect the rate of water movement; permeability; depth

to a high water table or depth of standing water if the

soil is subject to ponding; slope; susceptibility to

flooding; subsidence of organic layers; and the

potential for frost action. Excavating and grading and

the stability of ditchbanks are affected by depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope,

and the hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of

the soil after drainage is adversely affected by extreme

acidity or by toxic substances in the root zone, such as

salts, sodium, and sulfur. Availability of drainage

outlets is not considered in the ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan. The

performance of a system is affected by the depth of

the root zone, the amount of salts or sodium, and soil

reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large

stones, and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan

affect the construction of terraces and diversions. A

restricted rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind

erosion or water erosion, an excessively coarse

texture, and restricted permeability adversely affect

maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large

stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan affect the construction of grassed

waterways. A hazard of wind erosion, low available

water capacity, restricted rooting depth, toxic

substances such as salts and sodium, and restricted

permeability adversely affect the growth and

maintenance of the grass after construction.

71

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey.

Soil properties are ascertained by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine particle-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties are shown in

tables. They include engineering index properties,

physical and chemical properties, and pertinent soil

and water features.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 16 gives the engineering classifications and

the range of index properties for the layers of each soil

in the survey area.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter (fig. 5). “Loam,” for example, is

soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt,

and less than 52 percent sand. If the content of

particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 2001)

and the system adopted by the American Association

of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO, 2000).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to particle-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

Soil Properties

Figure 5.—Percentages of clay, silt, and sand in the basic

USDA soil textural classes.
72 Soil Survey of

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and

A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b,

A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an

additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as

subgrade material can be indicated by a group index

number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the

best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3

inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074

millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid

limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is generally

omitted in the table.

Physical Properties

Table 17 shows estimates of some physical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in

the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil

particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or

micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as

classes with specific effective diameter class limits.

The broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging

from the larger to the smaller.

Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are 0.05 millimeter to 2 millimeters in

diameter. In table 17, the estimated sand content of

each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of

the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter in diameter.

In table 17, the estimated silt content of each soil layer

is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. In table 17, the estimated clay content of

each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of

the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the

physical behavior of a soil. Particle size is important for

engineering and agronomic interpretations, for

determination of soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil

classification.

The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and

physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil

to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They

influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity,

the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties.

The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage

and earthmoving operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension.

Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105

degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk

density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per

cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to

compute shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties.

The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore

space available for water and roots. Depending on soil

texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability (Ksat ) refers to the ability of a soil to

transmit water or air. The term “permeability,” as used

in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic

conductivity (Ksat ). The estimates in the table indicate

the rate of water movement, in inches per hour, when

the soil is saturated. They are based on soil

characteristics observed in the field, particularly

structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is
De Kalb County, Illinois 73

considered in the design of soil drainage systems and

septic tank absorption fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The

capacity varies, depending on soil properties that

affect retention of water. The most important

properties are the content of organic matter, soil

texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water

capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants

or crops to be grown and in the design and

management of irrigation systems. Available water

capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water

actually available to plants at any given time.

Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased

from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the

volume change between the water content of the clod

at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and

oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the

table as percent change for the whole soil. Volume

change is influenced by the amount and type of clay

minerals in the soil.

Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrinkswell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is low

if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3

percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9

percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the

linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and

swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and

other structures and to plant roots. Special design

commonly is needed.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In table

17, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained by returning crop residue to the soil.

Organic matter has a positive effect on available water

capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and

tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for

crops and soil organisms.

Erosion factors are shown in table 17 as the K

factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K

indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill

erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in

the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to

predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet

and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and

permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69.

Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the

more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by

water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the

whole soil. The estimates are modified by the

presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fineearth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in

size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to

group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and

those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible.

The groups are as follows:

1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine

sands.

2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine

sands, loamy very fine sands, ash material, and sapric

soil material.

3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy

loams, and very fine sandy loams.

4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and

silty clay loams.

4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams, and

silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent clay.

5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, sandy

clays, and hemic soil material.

6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay

loams that are less than 35 percent clay.

7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are

less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material.

8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion

because of rock fragments on the surface or because

of surface wetness.

Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating

the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion, or the tons

per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to

wind erosion. There is a close correlation between

wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the

size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments,

organic matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil

moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind

erosion.
74 Soil Survey of

Chemical Properties

Table 18 shows estimates of some chemical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in

the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

extractable bases that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams

of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH

value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity

hold fewer cations and may require more frequent

applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cationexchange capacity. The ability to retain cations

reduces the hazard of ground-water pollution.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

The pH of each soil horizon is based on many field

tests. For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of

carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less

than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant

nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in

the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous

soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and

ammonium-N volatilization.

Water Features

Table 19 gives estimates of various water features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of

runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four

groups according to the rate of water infiltration when

the soils are not protected by vegetation, are

thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained

sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate

of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a

layer that impedes the downward movement of water

or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture.

These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that

have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,

and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious

material. These soils have a very slow rate of water

transmission.

The months in the table indicate the portion of the

year in which the feature is most likely to be a

concern.

Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil.

Table 19 indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper

limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in

most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits

are based mainly on observations of the water table at

selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone,

namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic

features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for

less than a month is not considered a water table.

The table also shows the kind of water table. An

apparent water table is a thick zone of free water in the

soil. It is indicated by the level at which water stands in

an uncased borehole after adequate time is allowed

for adjustment in the surrounding soil. A perched water

table is water standing above an unsaturated zone. In

places an upper, or perched, water table is separated

from a lower one by a dry zone.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is

removed only by percolation, transpiration, or

evaporation. Table 19 indicates surface water depth

and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration is

expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to

7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than

30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare,

occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is

not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under

unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is

nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional

that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years

(the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than

once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than

50 percent in any year).

Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area
De Kalb County, Illinois 75

caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from

adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short

periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered

flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes

is considered ponding rather than flooding.

Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is

expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours,

very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long

if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days.

Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare,

occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means

that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very

unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1

percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but possible

under unusual weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); occasional that

it occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions

(the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more

than 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent

in all months in any year); and very frequent that it is

likely to occur very often under normal weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50

percent in all months of any year).

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic

matter content with increasing depth; and little or no

horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

Soil Features

Table 20 gives estimates of various soil features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence

generally results from either desiccation and

shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both,

following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually,

usually over a period of several years. The table shows

the expected initial subsidence, which usually is a

result of drainage, and total subsidence, which results

from a combination of factors.

Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward

or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation

of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on

thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves

into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture,

density, permeability, content of organic matter, and

depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It

is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation

or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in

winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well

drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid

structures.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium

content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil. Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a severe

hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in

installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers

is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel or

concrete in installations that are entirely within one

kind of soil or within one soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation

extract.

77

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(Soil Survey Staff, 1998 and 1999). Beginning with the

broadest, these categories are the order, suborder,

great group, subgroup, family, and series.

Classification is based on soil properties observed in

the field or inferred from those observations or from

laboratory measurements. Table 21 shows the

classification of the soils in the survey area. The

categories are defined in the following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Mollisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Aquoll

(Aqu, meaning water, plus oll, from Mollisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Endoaquolls (Endo, meaning within, plus

aquoll, the suborder of the Mollisols that has an aquic

moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that

typifies the great group. An example is Typic

Endoaquolls.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle-size class,

mineralogy class, cation-exchange activity class, soil

temperature regime, soil depth, and reaction class. A

family name consists of the name of a subgroup

preceded by terms that indicate soil properties. An

example is fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

Endoaquolls.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a

family that have horizons similar in color, texture,

structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile.

Soil Series and Their Morphology

In this section, each soil series recognized in the

survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil

and the material in which it formed are identified for

each series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area

of soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is

described. The detailed description of each soil

horizon follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual”

(Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993). Many of the

technical terms used in the descriptions are defined in

“Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) and in “Keys

to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1998). Unless

otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions are for

moist soil. Following the pedon description is the range

of important characteristics of the soils in the series.

Arrowsmith Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Ground moraines

Parent material: Loess

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Classification of the Soils
78 Soil Survey of

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Arrowsmith silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in De Kalb

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 770 feet; 650 feet

south and 1,890 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 18, T. 22 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Farmer City North

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 22 minutes 04

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 40 minutes 53

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—8 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few

fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—17 to 23 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; common

faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—23 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; many fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

BC—30 to 39 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; very few faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) clay films lining pores; many fine distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; many fine and medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

very weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions in the matrix; few medium rounded

white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium

carbonate concretions throughout; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

C—39 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt

loam; massive; friable; many fine distinct light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; few medium rounded

white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium

carbonate concretions throughout; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: More than 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 25 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

C horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Barony Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 10 percent
De Kalb County, Illinois 79

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Barony silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in Kane

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 875 feet; 708 feet

north and 1,458 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 33, T. 41 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Maple Park

topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 59 minutes 01

second N. and long. 88 degrees 33 minutes 41

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

and medium subangular blocky structure parting

to weak fine granular; friable; common very fine

roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; few

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—12 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine roots; few distinct

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coatings on faces of peds; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—16 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; common very fine roots; common distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

manganese concretions throughout; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt4—21 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine roots; common

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

manganese concretions throughout; common fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt5—26 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium and coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine roots; few distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; common fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

iron oxide concretions throughout; common fine

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) manganese

concretions throughout; common fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common medium

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bt6—34 to 41 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few distinct dark brown

(7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds;

few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces

of peds and in pores; common fine strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) iron oxide concretions throughout;

common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many

medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt7—41 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

and brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam and loam; weak

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; few distinct

brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; common fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

iron oxide concretions throughout; common fine

distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; many fine distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bt8—45 to 54 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay

loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR

3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few

distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2)

calcium carbonate concretions throughout;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 14 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2C1—54 to 65 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6), stratified sand and loamy

sand; single grain; loose; common fine faint strong
80 Soil Survey of

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2C2—65 to 78 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4 and 5/4) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), stratified very fine

sandy loam, loamy sand, and sandy loam; massive;

very friable; common medium faint strong brown

(7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; 8 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2C3—78 to 85 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and

5/8) and brown (7.5YR 5/4), stratified loamy sand,

sandy loam, and very fine sandy loam; massive;

very friable; common fine distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to more than 60 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, clay

loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified silt loam, loam, or sandy loam

with strata of loamy sand or sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Birkbeck Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in Macon

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 680 feet; 750 feet

south and 1,600 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 25, T. 17 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Argenta topographic

quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 54 minutes 24 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 48 minutes 59 seconds W., NAD

27:

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak thin

platy structure parting to moderate very fine

granular; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

moderate very thin platy structure; friable; few

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings

and gray (10YR 6/1) (dry) clay depletions on faces

of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 13 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate very fine granular;

friable; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3)

organo-clay films and light gray (10YR 7/1) (dry)

clay depletions on faces of peds; few fine irregular

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—13 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules

throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—24 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4)

clay films on faces of peds; common fine irregular

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—29 to 42 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common

medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly
De Kalb County, Illinois 81

cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules

throughout; few fine prominent light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

masses of iron accumulations in the matrix;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt5—42 to 54 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds;

common medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; few fine prominent light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine distinct light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) and few medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt6—54 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4)

clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in

pores; few fine irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; common fine prominent light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common medium distinct light yellowish

brown (2.5Y 6/4) and fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

2C—60 to 68 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films in pores; few fine

irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide nodules throughout;

common fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; common fine faint

light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to more than 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 44 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay

loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Blackberry Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Blackberry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Kane

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 728 feet; 475 feet

south and 770 feet west of the northeast corner of sec.

27, T. 39 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Sugar Grove topographic

quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 50 minutes 15 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 25 minutes 05 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 4 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A—4 to 11 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium

angular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
82 Soil Survey of

Bt1—11 to 15 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak fine and medium angular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings throughout; few distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds and in pores; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—15 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films in root channels and pores;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt3—24 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine to medium roots;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; common fine distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt4—35 to 44 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine to medium roots;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; common fine distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common medium

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt5—44 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; common fine roots; few distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; common fine irregular very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) very weakly cemented manganese

concretions throughout; common fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; many medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt6—52 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

weak medium and coarse subangular blocky;

friable; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

vertical faces of peds; common fine faint yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; common medium distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 3

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt7—58 to 68 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay

loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical faces of

peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and prominent strong brown (7.5YR

4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 18

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2C—68 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay

loam; massive; very friable; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; 23 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 45 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay

loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of gravel—less than 20 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam,

loamy sand, sandy clay loam, or the gravelly

analogs of these textures

Content of gravel—less than 25 percent
De Kalb County, Illinois 83

Bowes Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying loamy and gravelly outwash

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Bowes silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Kane

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 920 feet; 330 feet

north and 330 feet west of the center of sec. 19, T. 42

N., R. 8 E.; USGS Elgin topographic quadrangle; lat.

42 degrees 06 minutes 13 seconds N. and long. 88

degrees 20 minutes 43 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very

fine and fine granular structure; friable; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—9 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; weak thick

platy structure parting to weak fine granular;

friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—13 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—19 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting

to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; common

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt3—28 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bt4—36 to 43 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—43 to 46 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; firm; few distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; 22 percent

gravel; 5 percent dolomitic cobbles; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt6—46 to 51 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) very

gravelly sandy loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common distinct very

dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) organo-clay films on

pebbles and occurring as bridges between sand

grains; 40 percent gravel; 10 percent dolomitic

cobbles; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2C—51 to 61 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly

sand; single grain; loose; 45 percent gravel; 10

percent dolomitic cobbles; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: 28 to 60 inches

Depth to sandy and gravelly deposits: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of

loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam,

or loamy sand

Content of gravel—15 to 60 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly analogs of sand, loamy sand, coarse

sand, or loamy coarse sand

Content of gravel—15 to 75 percent
84 Soil Survey of

Catlin Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Catlin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Ogle County,

Illinois; at an elevation of 830 feet; 650 feet south and

571 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 42

N., R. 2 E.; USGS Fairdale topographic quadrangle;

lat. 42 degrees 04 minutes 38 seconds N. and long. 88

degrees 57 minutes 17 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

BA—11 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky;

friable; few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic

coatings on faces of peds; common distinct light

gray (10YR 7/1) (dry) clay depletions on faces of

peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—18 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

strong fine and medium subangular blocky; friable;

many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) (dry) clay

depletions on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—23 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to strong medium angular and subangular

blocky; firm; few distinct very dark brown (10YR

2/2) organo-clay films in root channels; many faint

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few

distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) (dry) clay depletions

on faces of peds; few black (N 2.5/) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) and

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—31 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; strong medium prismatic structure

parting to strong medium angular and subangular

blocky; firm; common prominent grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct

light gray (10YR 7/1) (dry) clay depletions on

faces of peds; few black (N 2.5/) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt4—36 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),

brown (7.5YR 4/4), and light brownish gray (2.5Y

6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic

structure parting to moderate coarse subangular

blocky; firm; many faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)

clay films on faces of peds; common distinct light

gray (10YR 7/1) (dry) clay depletions on faces of

peds; few distinct very dark brown (10YR 2/2)

organo-clay films in root channels; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bt5—44 to 49 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few faint brown (10YR 5/3) clay

films mainly on vertical faces of peds; few distinct

very dark brown (10YR 2/2) organo-clay films in

root channels; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—49 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; common fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 45 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt or BA horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay

loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent
De Kalb County, Illinois 85

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 8

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

Clare Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Clare silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in De Kalb

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 750 feet; 840 feet

north and 2,300 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 7, T. 42 N., R. 3 E.; USGS Cherry Valley

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 07 minutes 36

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 55 minutes 53

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; common very fine roots;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A—5 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

BA—11 to 14 inches; 60 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and 40 percent very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine roots; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt1—14 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to weak fine and medium subangular

blocky; friable; common fine roots; common

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds: common

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt2—21 to 28 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky; firm; common fine roots;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; slightly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bt3—28 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common medium

prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt4—32 to 37 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium

prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt5—37 to 45 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam;

weak medium and coarse angular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; few distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common medium prominent dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent

gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt6—45 to 61 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

weak medium and coarse angular blocky

structure; friable; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR

3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; common medium rounded black (10YR 2/1)

very weakly cemented manganese concretions

throughout; common medium rounded yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) very weakly cemented iron

oxide concretions throughout; 5 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2C—61 to 80 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4), stratified

gravelly sandy loam and loam; massive; friable; 17

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of loess or silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR
86 Soil Survey of

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt or BA horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, sandy loam, clay loam, silt loam,

sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or the

gravelly analogs of these textures with strata of

loamy sand or sand

Content of gravel—2 to 20 percent

Comfrey Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Comfrey loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently

flooded, in Winnebago County, Illinois; at an elevation

of 725 feet; 570 feet north and 1,400 feet west of the

center of sec. 25, T. 43 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Cherry

Valley topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 10

minutes 32 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 57

minutes 17 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine and medium granular

structure; friable; many very fine roots; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

A1—7 to 15 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine and medium granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; many

distinct black (N 2.5/) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common fine brown (7.5YR 4/4) very weakly

cemented iron oxide concretions throughout;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A2—15 to 26 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine and medium

granular structure; friable; common very fine roots;

many distinct black (N 2.5/) organic coatings on

faces of peds; common fine brown (7.5YR 4/4)

very weakly cemented iron oxide concretions

throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—26 to 37 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) silty clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium subangular blocky; friable; common very

fine roots; few distinct very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds and in pores;

many fine and medium yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) very weakly cemented iron oxide concretions

throughout; common fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1)

iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg1—37 to 57 inches; gray (5Y 5/1), stratified clay

loam and loam; massive; friable; few very fine

roots; many fine and medium yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) very weakly cemented iron oxide

concretions throughout; common fine prominent

gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg2—57 to 63 inches; 40 percent gray (5Y 5/1), 30

percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 30 percent

dark gray (2.5Y 4/1), stratified loam and sandy loam;

massive; friable; 12 percent gravel; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 36 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 18 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 50 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay

loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay

loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent
De Kalb County, Illinois 87

Danabrook Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 10 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: Danabrook silt loam, 5 to 10

percent slopes, eroded, has a mollic epipedon

less than 10 inches thick. This soil is classified as

a fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic

Hapludalf.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Danabrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in De Kalb

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 872 feet; 176 feet

south and 2,334 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 5, T. 42 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Riley topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 09 minutes 09 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 40 minutes 28 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak very fine and fine

granular structure; friable; common very fine roots;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A—8 to 13 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—13 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films and

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coatings on faces of peds and in pores; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—21 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; common fine

dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) very weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—26 to 33 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few

very fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common

fine dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; many fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

2Bt4—33 to 42 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few

very fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds and in pores; common

fine dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; few fine prominent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 6 percent

gravel; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2BC—42 to 50 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak

medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium subangular blocky; friable; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine

prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; 8 percent gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C—50 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; many fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; common fine prominent light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 10

percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of loess or silty material: 22 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 50 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 55 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam
88 Soil Survey of

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of gravel—2 to 15 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of gravel—2 to 15 percent

Dresden Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Landform: Outwash plains, stream terraces, and

kames

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying loamy glaciofluvial

deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial

deposits

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Mollic

Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Dresden silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, in Kane

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 805 feet; 720 feet

south and 1,340 feet west of the center of sec. 21, T.

41 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Elgin topographic quadrangle;

lat. 42 degrees 01 minute 10 seconds N. and long. 88

degrees 20 minutes 10 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak very

fine granular structure; friable; common very fine

roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—7 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak

very fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine roots; few distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; common distinct dark

brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt2—19 to 27 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; slightly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—27 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) and dark

brown (7.5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; 13

percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

3C—32 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 34 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: Less than 20

inches

Depth to sandy and gravelly deposits: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam or loam

Bt or 2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, sandy

clay loam, or the gravelly analogs of these

textures

Content of gravel—less than 35 percent

3C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly analogs of sand, loamy sand, coarse

sand, or loamy coarse sand

Content of gravel—20 to 75 percent

Drummer Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls
De Kalb County, Illinois 89

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in

Champaign County, Illinois; at an elevation of 715 feet;

300 feet north and 1,600 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 19, T. 19 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Urbana

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 05 minutes 04

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 13 minutes 58

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; firm; many fine roots; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

A—7 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; firm; many fine and medium roots;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BA—14 to 19 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many

fine and medium roots; few fine faint very dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) masses of manganese

accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bg—19 to 25 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many fine

roots; common fine distinct and prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; many wormholes;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg1—25 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak fine and medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky;

firm; many fine roots; common distinct dark gray

(N 4/) clay films on faces of peds; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

Btg2—32 to 41 inches; gray (N 5/) silty clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few

distinct dark gray (N 4/) clay films on faces of

peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Btg3—41 to 47 inches; gray (N 5/) loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on

faces of peds; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; 4 percent gravel;

neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Cg—47 to 60 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1), stratified

loam and sandy loam; massive; friable; many

medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses

of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium

distinct gray (N 5/) iron depletions in the matrix;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of loess or silty material: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 65 inches

Thickness of the solum: 42 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Btg, Bg, or BA horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay

loam, or sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 7 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—0 to 8

Texture—stratified loam, silt loam, clay loam, or

sandy loam with strata of loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Elburn Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Logan

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 600 feet; 1,320 feet

north and 50 feet west of the southeast corner of sec.
90 Soil Survey of

2, T. 20 N., R. 2 W.; USGS Lincoln East topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 12 minutes 30 seconds N.

and long. 89 degrees 16 minutes 27 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—7 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—13 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct black (10YR 2/1) organoclay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine black (5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout; few fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—25 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky; firm; very few distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) and black (10YR 2/1) organo-clay

films in wormholes and root channels and on

faces of peds; many distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

black (5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt4—35 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; weak

coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate

coarse subangular blocky; friable; very few distinct

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films and

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces

of peds; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Btg—44 to 50 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy loam; weak

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; very

few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2BCg—50 to 65 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam with 1- to 2-inch

strata of loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; about 5 percent gravel; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2C1—65 to 77 inches; brown (10YR 5/3), stratified

sandy loam and sand; massive; friable; common

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; about 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

2C2—77 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

and brown (10YR 4/3), stratified coarse sandy

loam and sand; massive; friable; about 5 percent

gravel; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 70 inches

Thickness of the solum: 45 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Btg or 2BCg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 8

Texture—loam, silt loam, sandy loam, clay loam,

or silty clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 8

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or silt loam with strata

of loamy sand or sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent
De Kalb County, Illinois 91

Elpaso Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Elpaso silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in

Woodford County, Illinois; at an elevation of 715 feet;

210 feet north and 320 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 30, T. 27 N., R. 2 E.; USGS Benson

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 46 minutes 03

seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 01 minute 34

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak very fine granular

structure; firm; many very fine and fine roots;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—7 to 21 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many

very fine and fine roots; moderately acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bg—21 to 35 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; many fine roots; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; few fine black (10YR 2/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; few fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg1—35 to 44 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; common fine roots; common distinct dark

gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2Btg2—44 to 53 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silt loam; weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common

distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) and fine distinct light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

2Btg3—53 to 69 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

and olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay loam; weak

medium and coarse prismatic structure; firm; few

distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; many medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; common fine distinct olive gray (5Y 5/2)

iron depletions throughout; 4 percent pebbles;

slightly effervescent starting at a depth of 63

inches; slightly alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary.

2C—69 to 80 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; massive; firm; few fine black (10YR 2/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese

concretions throughout; many medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine

prominent olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions

throughout; 4 percent pebbles; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of loess or silty material: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 35 to 65 inches

Thickness of the solum: 45 to 75 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Bg or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay

loam

Content of gravel—1 to 10 percent
92 Soil Survey of

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay

loam

Content of gravel—1 to 10 percent

Flanagan Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic

Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in

Champaign County, Illinois; at an elevation of 730 feet;

1,405 feet north and 1,607 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 19, T. 19 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Urbana

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 05 minutes 14

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 13 minutes 57

seconds W., NAD 27:

A1—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

A2—8 to 15 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A3—15 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—18 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; many distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; few fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—23 to 32 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; common fine faint brown (10YR 5/3

and 4/3) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—32 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; many distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; common fine faint light yellowish brown

(10YR 6/4) and distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—38 to 45 inches; 40 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6), 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR

6/2), and 30 percent brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; slightly

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt5—45 to 49 inches; 35 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4), 35 percent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4), and 30 percent light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; 5

percent fine gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2C—49 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; firm; common medium rounded

white (10YR 8/1) weakly cemented calcium

carbonate nodules throughout; common fine and

medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent fine gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 45 to 65 inches

Thickness of the solum: 45 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay

loam

Content of gravel—1 to 15 percent
De Kalb County, Illinois 93

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of gravel—1 to 15 percent

Fox Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Landform: Outwash plains, end moraines, and kames

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying loamy glaciofluvial

deposits over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial

deposits

Slope range: 2 to 4 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Fox silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, in Jefferson

County, Wisconsin; at an elevation of 930 feet; 1,150

feet north and 2,400 feet west of the southeast corner

of sec. 1, T. 45 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Harvard topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 24 minutes 12 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 35 minutes 52 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap1—0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Ap2—3 to 7 inches; 97 percent brown (10YR 4/3) and

3 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium

platy structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic

coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 11 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay

films and brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt2—11 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; 1 percent gravel;

moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt3—21 to 27 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; 1 percent gravel; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—27 to 32 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm;

common very fine roots; many distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of peds; 10

percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

3C—32 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly coarse sand and gravelly sand; single

grain; loose; 25 percent gravel; violently

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: Less than 24

inches

Depth to sandy and gravelly deposits: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, sandy

loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of gravel—less than 35 percent

3C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly analogs of sand or coarse sand

Content of gravel—15 to 70 percent

Harpster Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate
94 Soil Survey of

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Parent material: Calcareous loess or other silty

material over drift

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Ford

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 722 feet; 855 feet

south and 70 feet west of the northeast corner of sec.

20, T. 23 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Gibson City West

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 26 minutes 24

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 25 minutes 23

seconds W., NAD 27:

Apk—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; many

snail shells; strongly effervescent (20 percent

calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Ak—9 to 18 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine and

medium granular structure; firm; common very fine

roots; many snail shells; strongly effervescent (18

percent calcium carbonate); moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—18 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; weak fine and medium angular

blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots;

many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; few snail shells;

common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly

effervescent (7 percent calcium carbonate);

moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2—25 to 31 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium angular

blocky; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; few snail shells; few fine prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few fine distinct

olive (5Y 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; slightly effervescent (5 percent calcium

carbonate); slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg3—31 to 36 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

weak medium angular blocky; firm; few very fine

roots; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; common

medium distinct olive (5Y 4/4) and few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent (2 percent calcium

carbonate); slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg4—36 to 41 inches; 40 percent olive brown (2.5Y

4/4), 35 percent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6), and 25

percent gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; weak coarse

angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots;

2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent (2 percent

calcium carbonate); slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg1—41 to 56 inches; 55 percent gray (5Y 5/1), 40

percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6), and 5 percent

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam;

massive; firm; 1 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent (16 percent calcium carbonate);

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2—56 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; massive;

friable; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to horizons containing more than 15 percent

sand: 36 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: Less than 16 inches

Thickness of the solum: 22 to 46 inches

Apk or Ak horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, loam, or clay

loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or clay

loam

Content of gravel—less than 7 percent

Harvard Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces
De Kalb County, Illinois 95

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in De Kalb

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 827 feet; 1,458 feet

north and 756 feet east of the southwest corner of sec.

12, T. 42 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Marengo South

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 07 minutes 43

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 35 minutes 38

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

and medium subangular blocky structure parting

to moderate medium granular; friable; common

very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films and very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings

on faces of peds and in pores; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—16 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky; friable; common very fine

roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; very few very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings in

root channels and in pores; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt3—23 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky; friable; common very fine

roots; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

2Bt4—30 to 43 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds and in pores; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2Bt5—43 to 56 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—56 to 69 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),

stratified silt loam and loam; massive; friable; few

very fine roots; common fine distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 36 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, sandy

loam, or clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or

clay loam with strata of loamy sand or sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Herbert Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Udollic Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Herbert silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in De Kalb
96 Soil Survey of

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 842 feet; 405 feet

south and 306 feet east of the northwest corner of sec.

14, T. 42 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Genoa topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 07 minutes 24 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 44 minutes 36 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate very fine granular structure; friable;

many very fine and fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—8 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

medium and thick platy structure parting to

moderate fine granular; friable; many very fine

roots; few fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate very fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; many very fine roots; common

distinct discontinuous dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint

brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—16 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

firm; many very fine roots; many distinct

continuous grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3) iron

and manganese oxide concretions throughout; few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine

distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—20 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common very fine roots; common

distinct continuous dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very

dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coatings in root

channels; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3) iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) and common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—26 to 33 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam;

moderate medium angular and subangular blocky

structure; firm; common very fine roots; common

distinct discontinuous dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct

very dark brown (10YR 2/2) organic coatings in

root channels; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3) iron

and manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 2

percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt5—33 to 36 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) clay loam;

weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm;

common very fine roots; common distinct

discontinuous dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; common distinct very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) organic coatings in root

channels; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3) iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common medium distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2C—36 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few very fine roots; few fine light

gray (10YR 7/1) very weakly cemented calcium

carbonate concretions throughout; few fine

prominent gray (5Y 6/1) and few fine distinct very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) iron depletions in the

matrix; 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 22 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 22 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
De Kalb County, Illinois 97

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of gravel—2 to 15 percent

Hooppole Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; rapid in the

lower part

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Calcareous outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Hooppole loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Bureau

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 620 feet; 470 feet

south and 1,940 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 18, T. 17 N., R. 6 W.; USGS Mineral topographic

quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 27 minutes 55 seconds N.

and long. 89 degrees 50 minutes 46 seconds W., NAD

27:

Apk—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2.5/) loam, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; violently

effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Ak—7 to 12 inches; black (N 2.5/) loam, black (10YR

2/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure;

friable; few fine roots; violently effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

A—12 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

medium granular; friable; few fine roots; few fine

faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

BA—17 to 22 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y

3/2) loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine roots; common prominent black (10YR

2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; black

(10YR 2/1) loamy krotovinas and light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) sandy krotovinas; few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg1—22 to 30 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2)

loamy krotovinas and light brownish gray (10YR

6/2) sandy krotovinas; common fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg2—30 to 38 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine roots; common distinct very dark

gray (5Y 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) loamy

krotovinas; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; few fine faint gray (5Y 6/1) iron depletions

in the matrix; 4 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

BCg—38 to 44 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common distinct

very dark gray (5Y 3/1) organic coatings on faces

of peds; black (10YR 2/1) loamy krotovinas; few

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses

of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct

gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg—44 to 60 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) and

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sand; single grain; loose;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to sandy outwash: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: Less than 10 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches

Apk, Ak, or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3
98 Soil Survey of

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay

loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, clay loam, sandy loam,

silty clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—sand or loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Houghton Series

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Ground moraines and outwash plains

Parent material: Herbaceous organic material

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic, mesic Typic

Haplosaprists

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Houghton muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in McHenry

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 960 feet; 465 feet

south and 1,248 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 5, T. 45 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Harvard topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 24 minutes 48 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 33 minutes 18 seconds W., NAD

27:

Oap—0 to 11 inches; sapric material, black (N 2.5/)

broken face and rubbed, dark gray (5Y 2.5/1) dry;

about 10 percent fiber, 1 percent rubbed;

moderate fine subangular structure; very friable;

common very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Oa1—11 to 26 inches; sapric material, 95 percent

black (N 2.5/) and 5 percent dark reddish brown

(5YR 3/3) broken face and rubbed; about 10

percent fiber, 1 percent rubbed; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; very friable;

common very fine roots; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Oa2—26 to 44 inches; sapric material, black (N 2.5/)

broken face and rubbed; about 10 percent fiber, 1

percent rubbed; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common very fine roots;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Oa3—44 to 60 inches; 95 percent black (N 2.5/)

(broken face and rubbed) sapric material and 5

percent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very fine

sandy loam; about 10 percent fiber, 1 percent

rubbed; massive; very friable; common very fine

roots; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic deposits: More than 51

inches

Surface tier:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Subsurface tier:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Kaneville Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 10 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Kaneville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Kane

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 765 feet; 1,400 feet

north and 80 feet west of the southeast corner of sec.

34, T. 39 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Big Rock topographic

quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 48 minutes 41 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 31 minutes 30 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; friable; common very fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 12 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; few distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
De Kalb County, Illinois 99

Bt2—12 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine roots; common

faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds

and in pores; few distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—19 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine roots; common

faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds

and in pores; few distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organic coatings in root channels and in

pores; common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

manganese concretions throughout; common fine

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and faint

brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt4—26 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; common very fine roots; common faint dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

manganese concretions throughout; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common medium

prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and faint

brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt5—34 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; few faint

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

manganese concretions throughout; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; many coarse distinct

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and common

coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in

the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt6—42 to 56 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; few faint brown

(10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; common

coarse distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C—56 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

sandy loam; massive; very friable; 5 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or clay loam

with strata of loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Kidami Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Slope range: 2 to 12 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Kidami silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, in McHenry

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 952 feet; 1,500 feet

north and 1,980 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 13, T. 44 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Marengo North

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 17 minutes 18

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 36 minutes 00

seconds W., NAD 27:

A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak
100 Soil Survey of

fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak

fine granular; friable; common fine and medium

roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—3 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak thin platy

structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky;

very friable; common fine roots; few distinct very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings

on faces of peds and in pores; common distinct

light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) clay depletions on

faces of peds and in pores; 1 percent gravel;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—7 to 10 inches; 50 percent brown (10YR 5/3) and

50 percent brown (7.5YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common

fine roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds and

in pores; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2)

(dry) clay depletions on faces of peds and in

pores; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt1—10 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm;

common very fine and fine roots; few distinct

brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films and light gray (10YR

7/2) (dry) clay depletions on faces of peds and in

pores; 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bt2—16 to 24 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; common

very fine and fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR

4/3) clay films and light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) clay

depletions on faces of peds and in pores; 3

percent gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt3—24 to 30 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/3 and 4/4) clay films on faces of peds

and in pores; 5 percent gravel; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2Bt4—30 to 37 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine and fine roots; few distinct

brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; 6 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt5—37 to 45 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 7

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2C—45 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct

brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films in root channels and

in pores; 8 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: Less than 18

inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 48 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 55 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam or loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam, loam, or sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of gravel—2 to 15 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—5YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of gravel—5 to 15 percent

La Rose Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 5 to 18 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

La Rose loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded, in
De Kalb County, Illinois 101

Bureau County, Illinois; at an elevation of 852 feet;

2,440 feet north and 2,200 feet west of the southeast

corner of sec. 23, T. 44 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Woodstock

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 16 minutes 34

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 29 minutes 58

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; 97 percent very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) and 3 percent dark brown (7.5YR 3/4)

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

and medium granular; friable; common very fine

roots; 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

BA—7 to 11 inches; 75 percent dark brown (7.5YR

3/4) and 25 percent very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) clay loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots; 2

percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; common distinct

dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of

peds; very few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)

organic coatings in root channels and in pores; 2

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—15 to 21 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine roots; few distinct dark brown

(7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; very few

distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organic coatings in

root channels and in pores; 3 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

C—21 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; massive;

friable; common very fine roots; 4 percent gravel;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to carbonates: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the solum: 12 to 24 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam or silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 7 percent

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam or silt loam

Content of gravel—2 to 10 percent

Lisbon Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Lisbon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Boone

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 858 feet; 1,190 feet

north and 310 feet east of the southwest corner of sec.

36, T. 43 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Riley topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 09 minutes 23 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 43 minutes 27 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate fine granular structure; friable; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—7 to 11 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

BA—11 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and few fine faint grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—17 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky;

friable; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—23 to 28 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) silty

clay loam; strong fine angular blocky structure;

firm; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)
102 Soil Survey of

clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine prominent

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—28 to 36 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

strong medium angular and subangular blocky;

firm; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

and few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; many medium

prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt4—36 to 39 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm;

common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on vertical faces of peds; few fine black

(10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout; few

medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common medium prominent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 1 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2C—39 to 70 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

loam; massive; firm; few faint pale brown (10YR

6/3) coatings on vertical faces of joints; few fine

black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout; few fine

distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine

prominent greenish gray (5GY 6/1) iron depletions

in the matrix; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of loess or silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 42 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt or BA horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam or sandy loam

Content of gravel—2 to 15 percent

Lorenzo Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Landform: Outwash plains, end moraines, and kames

Parent material: Loamy glaciofluvial deposits over

sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits

Slope range: 6 to 12 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Lorenzo loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded, in

McHenry County, Illinois; at an elevation of 850 feet;

2,500 feet south and 660 feet east of the northwest

corner of sec. 24, T. 40 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Maple Park

topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 55 minutes 51

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 37 minutes 07

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; 90 percent very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) and 10 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to

weak medium granular; friable; common very fine

roots; 4 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—8 to 14 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; few

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organic coatings on faces of peds and in pores;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; 4 percent gravel;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular
De Kalb County, Illinois 103

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; few

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; 8 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

BC—18 to 22 inches; 60 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and 40 percent brown (10YR 4/3)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; 8

percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2C1—22 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) gravelly sand and gravelly coarse sand; single

grain; loose; few very fine roots; 15 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2C2—31 to 60 inches; 50 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) and 50 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) gravelly coarse sand; single grain;

loose; few very fine roots; 25 percent gravel;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 10 inches

Depth to sandy and gravelly deposits: 12 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: 12 to 24 inches

Thickness of the solum: 12 to 24 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or the

gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of gravel—2 to 35 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly analogs of sand, loamy sand, coarse

sand, or loamy coarse sand

Content of gravel—20 to 75 percent

Mayville Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 10 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in Washington

County, Wisconsin; at an elevation of 1,040 feet; 1,450

feet south and 210 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 8, T. 10 N., R. 18 E.; USGS Hartford West

topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 21 minutes 00

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 23 minutes 51

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt

wavy boundary.

E—6 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate medium platy structure; very friable;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—8 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common faint dark brown (10YR

3/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix in the lower part of

the horizon; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—24 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common faint very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; few medium faint dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—28 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam

grading to yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam in the

lower part; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few faint very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few

medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; about 3

percent gravel; slightly effervescent in the lower

part; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2C—32 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

gravelly sandy loam; massive; friable; few medium

prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of
104 Soil Survey of

iron accumulation in the matrix; few medium

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; about 17 percent gravel and 1

percent cobbles; violently effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 48 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt or BE horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam

Content of gravel—3 to 12 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, gravelly loam, or

gravelly sandy loam

Content of gravel—5 to 20 percent

Millbrook Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Udollic Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in De Kalb

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 830 feet; 150 feet

south and 1,390 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 12, T. 42 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Marengo South

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 08 minutes 17

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 36 minutes 09

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—8 to 12 inches; 70 percent dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and 30 percent brown (10YR 4/3) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak thin

platy structure parting to moderate fine granular;

friable; common very fine roots; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; many distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—18 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak fine and medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots;

common distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) organic coatings in root

channels and in pores; few fine very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; many fine and medium

faint brown (10YR 5/3) and common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt3—26 to 34 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few

very fine roots; few distinct grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine very

dark brown (10YR 2/2) iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; many fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—34 to 41 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky
De Kalb County, Illinois 105

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; few

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2C1—41 to 57 inches; stratified light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8)

loam and sandy loam and gray (5Y 6/1) silt loam;

massive; very friable; common fine very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; 3 percent gravel; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

2C2—57 to 65 inches; stratified light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8)

loam and sandy loam and gray (5Y 6/1) silt loam;

massive; very friable; few fine very dark brown

(10YR 2/2) iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; 4 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 65 inches

Ap horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, loam, silt loam, clay loam,

or sandy clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, silt loam,

clay loam, or loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Octagon Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Octagon silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, in Kane

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 1,052 feet; 70 feet

north and 1,900 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 18, T. 41 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Pingree Grove

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 01 minute 35

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 28 minutes 56

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak

very fine granular structure; friable; common very

fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine roots; common distinct dark

brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt2—13 to 25 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common very fine roots; common distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—25 to 30 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) and

dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of

peds; 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2C—30 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few very fine roots; 5 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: Less than 18 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 40 inches
106 Soil Survey of

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam

Content of gravel—2 to 15 percent

Otter Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Otter silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently

flooded, in De Kalb County, Illinois; at an elevation of

795 feet; 1,275 feet south and 800 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 25, T. 42 N., R. 4 E.; USGS

Genoa topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 05

minutes 31 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 43

minutes 22 seconds W., NAD 27:

A1—0 to 11 inches; black (N 2.5/) silt loam, dark gray

(N 4/) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable;

common very fine to medium roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

A2—11 to 16 inches; black (N 2.5/) silt loam, dark gray

(N 4/) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine to

medium roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

A3—16 to 21 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) silt loam, dark

gray (2.5Y 4/1) dry; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

A4—21 to 27 inches; black (2.5Y 2.5/1) silt loam, dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) irregular masses of

iron accumulation throughout; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg—27 to 34 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (5Y 4/1) dry; moderate medium angular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine to

medium roots; few faint very dark gray (N 3/)

organic coatings on faces of peds; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) irregular

masses of iron accumulation throughout; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

BCg—34 to 41 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt

loam; weak medium angular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine and fine roots; few faint

very dark gray (N 3/) organic coatings in root

channels and in pores; many medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8 and 5/6) irregular

masses of iron accumulation throughout; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg—41 to 65 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1), stratified loam

and silt loam; massive; friable; many medium

prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) irregular masses of

iron accumulation throughout; 1 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 50 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 24 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 50 inches

A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam

Bg or BCg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 4
De Kalb County, Illinois 107

Texture—silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or silty clay

loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Parr Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Slope range: 2 to 10 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Parr soils in this survey

area have a mollic epipedon that is less than 10

inches thick. These soils are classified as fineloamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Parr silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in McHenry

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 849 feet; 2,186 feet

north and 2,604 feet west of the southeast corner of

sec. 23, T. 44 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Marengo North

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 16 minutes 32

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 30 minutes 03

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap1—0 to 4 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; common very fine roots;

common distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Ap2—4 to 11 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure parting to

weak medium granular; friable; common very fine

roots; common distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; 1 percent gravel;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky;

friable; common very fine roots; few distinct dark

brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds;

common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds and in

pores; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt2—17 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine roots; few distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) and dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds and in pores; 3 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—21 to 32 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable;

common very fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR

4/3) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) clay films on

faces of peds; very few distinct dark brown (7.5YR

3/2) organic coatings in root channels and in

pores; common fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; 3 percent gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

2BCt—32 to 36 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; weak

medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium subangular blocky; friable; common very

fine roots; very few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3)

clay films in root channels and in pores; very few

distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; common fine distinct

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—36 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; common very fine roots; very few

distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) linings in root

channels and in pores; common medium white

(7.5YR 8/1) soft masses of carbonate throughout;

common medium and coarse distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; common fine and medium faint brown

(7.5YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; 4 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: Less than 18

inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam
108 Soil Survey of

Bt or 2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam, loam, or silty clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Peotone Series

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Ground moraines

Parent material: Colluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic

Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in De

Kalb County, Illinois; at an elevation of 707 feet; 315

feet south and 2,233 feet east of the northwest corner

of sec. 21, T. 29 N., R. 9 E.; USGS Cabery topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 48 minutes 58 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 12 minutes 02 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2.5/) silty clay loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

A—7 to 13 inches; black (N 2.5/) silty clay loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg1—13 to 27 inches; black (N 2.5/) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium

angular blocky structure; friable; common very fine

roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—27 to 41 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay;

moderate fine prismatic structure; firm; common

very fine roots; common fine faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg3—41 to 50 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay;

moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; few

very fine roots; common medium faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg—50 to 60 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; massive; firm; few fine faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 36 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 24 inches

Thickness of the solum: 38 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Proctor Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Proctor silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in De Kalb

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 830 feet; 396 feet

north and 1,485 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 12, T. 42 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Marengo South

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 07 minutes 33

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 36 minutes 08

seconds W., NAD 27:
De Kalb County, Illinois 109

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak

very fine granular structure; very friable; common

very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak very fine and fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces

of peds and in pores; few distinct dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organic coatings in root channels and

in pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—16 to 27 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine roots; many

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

2Bt3—27 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces

of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—32 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; common distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—38 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common very fine roots; few

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2C—44 to 73 inches; 50 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and 50 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4), stratified sandy loam, loam, and

loamy sand; massive; very friable; few fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of loess or silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, silt loam, sandy loam, clay loam,

or sandy clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, silt loam, or sandy loam with strata

of loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Rush Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; very rapid in

the lower part

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying loamy and gravelly outwash

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Rush silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Kane County,

Illinois; at an elevation of 712 feet; 175 feet south and

470 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 15, T. 39

N., R. 8 E.; USGS Aurora North topographic

quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 52 minutes 09 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 18 minutes 08 seconds W., NAD

27:

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak very fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—4 to 11 inches; 60 percent dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and 40 percent brown (10YR 4/3) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

thick platy structure; friable; common very fine

roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 18 inches; 55 percent brown (10YR 4/3)

and 45 percent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate very fine subangular
110 Soil Survey of

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—18 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; common very fine roots; common

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—24 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt4—32 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; few

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) and dark brown (10YR

3/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bt5—38 to 45 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces

of peds; 12 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

3C—45 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 25 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to sandy and gravelly deposits: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, sandy

loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures

Content of gravel—less than 35 percent

3C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly analogs of sand, loamy sand, coarse

sand, or loamy coarse sand

Content of gravel—15 to 70 percent

Sabina Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic

Aeric Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Douglas

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 665 feet; 1,785 feet

north and 36 feet east of the southwest corner of sec.

13, T. 16 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Tuscola topographic

quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 50 minutes 25 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 22 minutes 05 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak very fine

granular structure; friable; few fine and medium

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—6 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak

thin platy structure; friable; few fine and medium

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg1—8 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate very fine angular blocky; firm;

few prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) clay

depletions on faces of peds; common distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; common fine prominent yellowish
De Kalb County, Illinois 111

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2—12 to 19 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting

to moderate fine angular blocky; very firm;

common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg3—19 to 33 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very

firm; few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organo-clay films in pores; common distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; common medium rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide concretions throughout; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Btg4—33 to 40 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm; few

prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay

films in pores; common distinct dark gray (10YR

4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; many medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Btg5—40 to 47 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting

to weak coarse angular blocky; very firm; common

distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of

peds; common medium rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide concretions throughout; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium

distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

2C—47 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) clay

loam; massive; very firm; common medium

irregular white (10YR 8/1) very weakly cemented

calcium carbonate nodules throughout; common

medium rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) moderately

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; common medium prominent gray

(10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 7 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 44 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 5 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

Sable Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Ground moraines

Parent material: Loess

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Warren

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 732 feet; 1,281 feet
112 Soil Survey of

south and 97 feet west of the northeast corner of sec.

14, T. 9 N., R. 3 W.; USGS Kirkwood East topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 46 minutes 30 seconds N.

and long. 90 degrees 41 minutes 32 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; firm; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 19 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine

angular blocky structure; firm; few fine rounded

dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

AB—19 to 23 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; few

faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coatings on faces of peds; few fine rounded dark

reddish brown (5YR 3/2) very weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bg—23 to 29 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common faint very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine and medium rounded dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/2) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few

medium faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg1—29 to 38 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark

gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; many

fine and medium rounded dark reddish brown

(5YR 3/2) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout; many

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Btg2—38 to 47 inches; gray (N 5/) silt loam; weak

medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium and coarse angular blocky; firm; few

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine rounded dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/2) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout; many

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg—47 to 60 inches; gray (N 6/) silt loam; massive;

friable; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 24 inches

Thickness of the loess: More than 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches

Ap, A, or AB horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Bg or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Somonauk Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Somonauk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in De Kalb

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 822 feet; 700 feet

south and 2,400 feet west of the northeast corner of

sec. 25, T. 41 N., R. 4 E.; USGS Genoa topographic

quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 00 minutes 25 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 43 minutes 24 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 4 inches; 85 percent dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and 15 percent dark brown (10YR 3/3)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine
De Kalb County, Illinois 113

and medium granular structure; friable; common

very fine and fine roots; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; 80 percent dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) and 20 percent brown (10YR 4/3) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

medium and thick platy structure; friable; common

very fine and fine roots; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—9 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; many distinct

dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds

and in pores; few distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) (dry) clay depletions on faces of peds;

common fine rounded black (10YR 2/1)

manganese nodules throughout; moderately acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; few distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2) (dry) clay depletions on faces of peds;

common medium rounded black (10YR 2/1)

manganese nodules throughout; moderately acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—21 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

prismatic structure; friable; common fine roots;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; few distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2) (dry) clay depletions on faces of peds;

common medium rounded black (10YR 2/1)

manganese nodules throughout; few fine distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt4—29 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct

light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) clay depletions on

faces of peds; common fine rounded black (10YR

2/1) manganese nodules throughout; few fine

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; moderately acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Bt5—34 to 39 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

silty clay loam that contains 13 percent sand;

moderate medium angular blocky structure; friable;

few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; few distinct

light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) clay depletions on

faces of peds; common fine rounded black (10YR

2/1) manganese nodules throughout; few fine

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; 1 percent gravel; moderately acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt6—39 to 49 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; moderate medium and coarse angular

blocky structure; friable; few distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and

in pores; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1)

manganese nodules throughout; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; 6 percent gravel;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt7—49 to 55 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) loam; weak

medium and coarse angular blocky structure;

friable; common distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds and in

pores; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1)

manganese nodules throughout; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; 8 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt8—55 to 61 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) sandy loam;

weak medium angular blocky structure; friable;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films

on faces of peds and in pores; 10 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt9—61 to 70 inches; 60 percent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) and 40 percent brown (7.5YR

4/3) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few distinct dark brown (10YR

3/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 8

percent gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2C—70 to 80 inches; 70 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR

5/4), stratified gravelly sandy loam and gravelly

sand; massive; very friable; 15 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 42 to 75 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6
114 Soil Survey of

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam,

or silty clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, sandy loam, silt loam, clay loam,

loamy sand, or the gravelly analogs of these

textures with strata of loamy sand or sand

Content of gravel—less than 20 percent

Spaulding Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Ground moraines

Parent material: Calcareous loess

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Spaulding silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in

Sangamon County, Illinois; at an elevation of 612 feet;

2,410 feet east and 1,300 feet south of the northwest

corner of sec. 22, T. 17 N., R. 3 W.; USGS Cornland

topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 54 minutes 52

seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 24 minutes 54

seconds W., NAD 27:

Apk—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak and

moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine

roots throughout; few snail shells; violently

effervescent; 15 percent calcium carbonate

equivalent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Ak1—9 to 18 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine and

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine

roots throughout; few snail shells; violently

effervescent; 22 percent calcium carbonate

equivalent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Ak2—18 to 22 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate very fine

and fine subangular blocky structure; firm;

common fine roots throughout; few fine prominent

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation along micropores; few snail shells;

violently effervescent; 22 percent calcium

carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Btgk1—22 to 26 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; common fine roots

throughout; common distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common

distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings in root

channels and/or pores; few fine prominent light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation along micropores; few fine

carbonate nodules; strongly effervescent; 12

percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Btgk2—26 to 32 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common fine roots

throughout; few distinct gray (5Y 5/1) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine rounded prominent

black (10YR 2/1) masses of manganese

accumulation in the matrix; common medium

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulations in the matrix; common medium and

coarse carbonate nodules; strongly effervescent;

12 percent calcium carbonate equivalent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Btgk3—32 to 38 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) silty clay loam;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few distinct gray (5Y 5/1) clay films

on faces of peds; very few distinct very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings in root channels

and/or pores; many fine prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; few fine carbonate nodules; strongly

effervescent; 16 percent calcium carbonate

equivalent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

BCgk—38 to 44 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) silty clay loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm;

few distinct gray (5Y 5/1) clay films in root

channels and/or pores; few distinct very dark gray
De Kalb County, Illinois 115

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings in root channels

and/or pores; many fine prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; few fine carbonate nodules; strongly

effervescent; 16 percent calcium carbonate

equivalent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg—44 to 80 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) silt loam; massive;

friable; many medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; strongly effervescent; 19 percent calcium

carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the loess: More than 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: Less than 16 inches

Thickness of the solum: 22 to 60 inches

Apk or Ak horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Bgk or Btgk horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—silt loam

Thorp Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Argiaquic Argialbolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Thorp silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in La Salle

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 640 feet; 990 feet

north and 2,240 feet west of the southeast corner of

sec. 27, T. 36 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Sheridan topographic

quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 33 minutes 20 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 38 minutes 10 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine granular

structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—7 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Eg—14 to 19 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam,

gray (10YR 6/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—19 to 21 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) and dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; weak fine

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine

subangular blocky; firm; many distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—21 to 33 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) and olive gray

(5Y 4/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky; firm; many prominent

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; many fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg3—33 to 43 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular and subangular blocky; firm;

many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organoclay films and dark gray (N 4/) clay films on faces

of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) and distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y

6/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Btg4—43 to 50 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

few distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg—50 to 65 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy loam with thin

strata of sand; massive; friable in the sandy loam

and loose in the sand; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.
116 Soil Survey of

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 14 inches

Thickness of the loess: 30 to 54 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Eg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, silt loam, sandy loam,

or sandy clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 8

Texture—loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or clay loam

with strata of loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Virgil Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Udollic Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 95B

Virgil silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in Stephenson

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 765 feet; 300 feet

south and 1,346 feet east of the northwest corner of

sec. 8, T. 26 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Freeport East

topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 16 minutes 30

seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 36 minutes 38

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Eg—7 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak thin platy

structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable;

many fine roots; few faint black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds and fillings in root

channels; few fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—13 to 17 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine

roots; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; common distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2) (dry) clay depletions on faces of peds;

few fine black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

oxide concretions throughout; few fine prominent

brown (7.5YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—17 to 25 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine

roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common faint light gray (10YR 7/2)

(dry) clay depletions on faces of peds; few fine

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; few fine prominent brown

(7.5YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses

of iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Btg1—25 to 35 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots;

many faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2)

(dry) clay depletions on faces of peds; many fine

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; common fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Btg2—35 to 44 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular and angular blocky structure; firm; few

fine roots; common faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2)
De Kalb County, Illinois 117

clay films on faces of peds; few distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2) (dry) clay depletions on faces of peds;

many fine black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

oxide nodules and concretions throughout; many

medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) and strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg3—44 to 49 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak medium and coarse angular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few prominent

gray (N 5/) clay films on faces of peds; many fine

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide

nodules and concretions throughout; many

medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) and strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Btg4—49 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam; weak coarse

angular blocky structure; firm; few prominent dark

gray (N 4/) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; many medium prominent

brown (7.5YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

2C—58 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive;

friable; common fine distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1)

and gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 45 to 70 inches

Thickness of the solum: 42 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Eg horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Bt or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam

2Bt or 2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy loam, or silt

loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C or 2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 8

Texture—loam, sandy loam, silt loam, clay loam,

or loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

Wingate Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 10 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in Edgar

County, Illinois; at an elevation of 650 feet; 985 feet

north and 1,455 feet east of the southwest corner of

sec. 25, T. 15 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Paris North

topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 43 minutes 23

seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 42 minutes 07

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; many very fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

E—9 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium platy

structure; friable; common very fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—22 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky
118

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces

of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—27 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese oxide coatings on faces of peds;

common fine and medium irregular black (10YR

2/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; few fine prominent light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; about 2 percent fine gravel; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—36 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron

and manganese oxide nodules throughout; about

5 percent fine gravel; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

2C—52 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; massive; firm; few fine rounded black (10YR

2/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; about 5 percent fine gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 29 to 65 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of gravel—1 to 7 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 7.5YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—loam

Content of gravel—1 to 10 percent
119

Soil forms through processes that act on deposited

geologic material. The factors of soil formation are the

physical and mineralogical composition of the parent

material; the climate in which the soil formed; the plant

and animal life on and in the soil; the relief; and the

length of time the processes of soil formation have

acted on the parent material (Jenny, 1941).

Climate and plant and animal life are the dominant

active factors of soil formation. They act directly on the

parent material, either in place or after it has been

moved by water, wind, or glaciers, and slowly change

it into a natural body that has genetically related

horizons. Relief modifies soil formation and can inhibit

soil formation on the steeper, eroded slopes and in

wet depressional or nearly level areas by controlling

the moisture status of soils. Finally, time is needed for

changing the parent material into a soil that has

differentiated horizons.

The factors of soil formation are so closely

interrelated and conditioned by each other that few

generalizations can be made regarding the effects of

any one factor unless the effects of the other factors

are understood.

Parent Material

Parent material is the unconsolidated geologic

formations from which soils form. The soils of De Kalb

County were derived from parent materials that were

directly or indirectly impacted by glaciation of the

Illinoian and Wisconsinan age. The parent materials in

De Kalb County include till; loess, or silty material;

outwash; organic deposits; and alluvium.

Till is nonstratified drift transported and deposited

directly by glacial ice. It is a compact mixture of gravel,

sand, silt, and clay. The glaciers deposited an

extensive morainic system in the survey area. The

major moraines, from west to east, include the

Bloomington Morainic System; the Shabbona,

Arlington, and Mendota Moraines; the Farm Ridge

Moraine; and the Elburn Complex. Three formations

cover the county. These are the Glasford in the north,

the Tiskilwa in the central part, and the Lemont in the

south (Hansel and Johnson, 1996). Soils that formed

in these formations include the moderately well

drained Catlin and Danabrook soils and the somewhat

poorly drained Flanagan and Lisbon soils.

Sometime after the glaciers retreated, conditions

became drier and the winds increased. A layer of silty

material, or loess, was deposited over the area directly

by the winds. The primary sources of the loess were

the flood plains along major rivers. Some of the silty

material in the county may be of local origin since it

contains more sand than is typical for loess. The

thickness of the loess or silty material generally

ranges from 2 to 5 feet throughout the county, but it is

more than 5 feet in some areas in the southern part of

the county. Arrowsmith and Sable soils formed entirely

in loess.

Outwash was deposited by running meltwater from

glaciers. The particle size of the material that was

deposited depended on the speed of the stream or

river. As the water velocity slowed, larger particles

were initially deposited. Over a further distance, there

was a continued reduction in water velocity and

smaller particles were deposited. Outwash deposits in

De Kalb County range from loamy sediments to a

mixture of coarse sand and gravel. Dresden soils

formed in loamy outwash over sandy and gravelly

deposits. Kaneville soils formed in loess and in the

underlying outwash.

Organic deposits consist of decomposed plant

remnants. After the glaciers receded, water was left

standing in depressional areas. As a result, these

areas were very wet during the period of soil

formation, and the decaying plant material

accumulated more quickly than it decomposed. Most

of these plant remains are decomposed to a point that

they are unrecognizable. These organic deposits are

called sapric material. Houghton soils formed in this

material.

Alluvium consists of material and sediments

recently deposited by streams and rivers on flood

plains. The texture of alluvium varies, depending on

the velocity of the water source. Otter soils formed in

silty alluvium.

Formation of the Soils
120 Soil Survey of

Climate

De Kalb County has a temperate, humid continental

climate. The general climate has had an important

overall influence on the characteristics of the soils. It is

essentially uniform throughout the county, however,

and has not caused any major differences among the

soils.

Climate has very important effects on weathering,

vegetation, and erosion. The weathering of minerals in

the soil increases as temperature and rainfall increase.

As water moves downward, clay is moved from the

surface soil to the subsoil, where it accumulates. The

water also dissolves soluble salts and leaches them

downward. Climate also influences the kind and extent

of plant and animal life. The climate in De Kalb County

has generally favored prairie grasses and hardwood

forests. Heavy rains can harm exposed areas of soil

that are farmed or in the process of being developed.

Spring rains and wind can cause extensive erosion

when crop residue, trees, or other vegetative cover is

removed from the surface. More soil will be lost

through erosion each year than is formed by natural

processes.

Living Organisms

Soils are affected by the vegetation under which

they formed. The main contribution of the vegetation

and biological processes is the addition of organic

matter and nitrogen to the soil. The amount of organic

material in the soil depends on the kind of native

plants that grew on the soil. Grasses have many fine

fibrous roots that add large amounts of organic matter

to the soil when they die and decay. Soils that formed

under prairie vegetation, therefore, have a thick, black

or dark brown surface layer (fig. 6). Catlin and

Flanagan soils formed under prairie vegetation. In

contrast, the soils that supported native vegetation of

deciduous trees have a thin, light-colored surface layer

because less organic matter is added to the soil.

Mayville and Somonauk soils formed under forest

vegetation.

Bacteria, fungi, and other micro-organisms help to

break down the organic matter and thus provide

nutrients for plants and other soil organisms. The

stability of soil aggregates, structure units made up of

sand, silt, and clay, is affected by microbial activity,

because cellular excretions from these organisms help

to bind soil particles together. Stable aggregates help

to maintain soil porosity and promote favorable

relationships among soil, water, and air. Moreover,

earthworms, crayfish, insects, and burrowing animals

tend to incorporate organic material into the soil and to

keep soils open and porous.

Human activities are also important factors in

De Kalb County. Urban and industrial expansion

over the past several decades has resulted in land

being drained, cleared, and excavated and filled.

These practices have had a pronounced effect on past

soil formation and on present and future soil

development.

Topography

Relief, which includes elevation, topography, and

water table levels, largely determines the natural

drainage of soils. In De Kalb County, the slopes range

from 0 to 18 percent. Natural soil drainage ranges from

well drained on the backslopes and summits to very

poorly drained in depressions.

Relief affects the depth to the seasonal high water

table or natural drainage of the soil by influencing

infiltration and runoff rates. The poorly drained

Drummer and Elpaso soils are in low, nearly level

areas and have a water table close to the surface for

most of the year. The soil pores contain water, which

restricts the circulation of air in the soil. Under these

conditions, iron and manganese compounds are

chemically reduced. As a result, the subsoil is dull gray

and mottled. In the more sloping, well drained Dresden

and Harvard soils, the water table is lower and some

of the rainfall runs off the surface. The soil pores

contain less water and more air than those in the lower

lying soils. The iron and manganese compounds are

well oxidized. As a result, the subsoil has brown

colors.

Local relief also influences the severity of erosion.

Even though some erosion occurs on almost all

sloping soils, the hazard of erosion generally

becomes more severe as the slope increases. The

runoff and the removal of soil material on these slopes

result in the formation of soils that have a relatively

thin solum.

Time

The length of time needed for the formation of a soil

depends on the other factors of soil formation. Soils

form more rapidly and are more acid if the parent

material has a low content of lime. Thus, more rapidly

permeable soils form more readily than soils that are

more slowly permeable because lime and other

soluble minerals are leached more quickly. Forest soils
De Kalb County, Illinois 121

form more quickly than prairie soils because grasses

are more efficient in recycling calcium and other bases

from the subsoil to the surface layer. Soils in humid

climates that support good growth of vegetation form

more rapidly than those in dry climates.

The length of time that the parent materials have

Figure 6.—Most of the soils in De Kalb County formed under native tall prairie grasses.
122

been in place determines, to a great extent, the

degree of profile development. Most of the soils in

De Kalb County began formation with the retreat of

the last glacier about 12,500 years ago. On the flood

plains, however, material is deposited during each

flood. This continual deposition slows development.

Comfrey soils are examples of soils on flood

plains.
123

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2000.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 20th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2001. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487-00.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands

and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS79/31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. February 24, 1995. Hydric soils of the United States.

Fehrenbacher, J.B., R.A. Pope, I.J. Jansen, J.D. Alexander, and B.W. Ray. 1978. Soil

productivity in Illinois. University of Illinois, College of Agriculture, Cooperative

Extension Service Circular 1156.

Hansel, A.K., and W.H. Johnson. 1996. Wedron and Mason groups: Lithostratigraphic

reclassification of deposits of the Wisconsin episode, Lake Michigan lobe area. Illinois

State Geological Survey Bulletin 104.

Hinckley, K.C. 1978. Soil survey of De Kalb County, Illinois. University of Illinois

Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Report 96.

Hurt, G.W., P.M. Whited, and R.F. Pringle, editors. Version 4.0, 1998. Field indicators of

hydric soils in the United States.

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

Leighton, M.M., G.E. Ekblaw, and L. Horberg. 1948. Physiographic divisions of Illinois.

Illinois State Geological Survey, Report of Investigations 129.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to soil taxonomy. 8th edition. U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

References
124

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and

Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands

Section.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of

Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical

Report Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification. Soil

Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1981. Land resource regions and major land

resource areas of the United States. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of

Agriculture Handbook 296.

United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1997. 1997 census of

agriculture.

United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 2000. 2000 census of

population and housing.
125

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately 1,000

pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1 month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslope

below.

Basal till. Compact till deposited beneath the ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of

earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,

supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material,

and designed to make the soil suitable for tillage

and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

Glossary
126 Soil Survey of

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Closed depression. A low area completely

surrounded by higher ground and having no

natural outlet.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer that
De Kalb County, Illinois 127

has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams per

cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of

digging and can affect filling and compacting.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Drift. Pulverized and other rock material transported

by glacial ice and then deposited. Also, the sorted

and unsorted material deposited by streams

flowing from glaciers.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

End moraine. A ridgelike accumulation that is being

or was produced at the outer margin of an actively

flowing glacier at any given time.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In

profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.
128 Soil Survey of

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of soil

moisture. Frost action can damage roads,

buildings and other structures, and plant roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Geomorphology. The science that treats the general

configuration of the earth’s surface; specifically,

the study of the classification, description, nature,

origin, and development of landforms and their

relationships to underlying structures, and the

history of geologic changes as recorded by these

surface features. The term is especially applied to

the genetic interpretation of landforms.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground moraine. An extensive, fairly even layer of till

having an uneven or undulating surface; a deposit

of rock and mineral debris dragged along, in, on,

or beneath a glacier and emplaced by processes

including basal lodgment and release from the

downwasting stagnant ice by ablation.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

High-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 3 or

more. Typical colors in areas of iron

concentrations.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.
De Kalb County, Illinois 129

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron accumulations. High-chroma zones having a

high content of iron and manganese oxide

because of chemical oxidation and accumulation

but having a clay content similar to that of the

adjacent matrix. A type of redoximorphic

feature.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:

Basin.—Water is applied rapidly to nearly level

plains surrounded by levees or dikes.

Border.—Water is applied at the upper end of a

strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled

by small earth ridges called border dikes, or

borders.

Controlled flooding.—Water is released at

intervals from closely spaced field ditches and

distributed uniformly over the field.

Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely

spaced furrows or ditches in fields of closegrowing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only

one direction.

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Furrow.—Water is applied in small ditches made

by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for

tree and row crops.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface
130 Soil Survey of

through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or

tile lines until the water table is raised enough to

wet the soil.

Wild flooding.—Water, released at high points, is

allowed to flow onto an area without controlled

distribution.

Leached soil. A soil from which most of the soluble

constituents have been removed from the entire

profile or have been removed from one part of the

profile and have accumulated in another part.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 2 or

less. Typical colors in areas of iron depletions.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

MLRA (Major Land Resource Area). A geographic

area characterized by a particular pattern of land

uses, elevation and topography, soils, climate,

water resources, and potential natural vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is

a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma

of 4.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.
De Kalb County, Illinois 131

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly stratified,

deposited by glacial meltwater.

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Prescribed burning. Deliberately burning an area for

specific management purposes, under the

appropriate conditions of weather and soil

moisture and at the proper time of day.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction
132 Soil Survey of

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil

is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Seasonal high water table. A zone of saturation at

the highest average depth during the wettest

season. It is at least 6 inches thick and persists in

the soil for more than a few weeks.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.
De Kalb County, Illinois 133

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.

The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief and by the

passage of time.

Soil quality. The fitness of a specific kind of soil to

function within its surroundings, support plant and

animal productivity, maintain or enhance water

and air quality, and support human health and

habitation.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stream channel. The hollow bed where a natural

stream of surface water flows or may flow; the

deepest or central part of the bed, formed by the

main current and covered more or less

continuously by water.

Stream terrace. One of a series of platforms in a

stream valley, flanking and more or less parallel to

the stream channel. It originally formed near the

level of the stream and is the dissected remnants

of an abandoned flood plain, streambed, or valley

floor that were produced during a former stage of

erosion or deposition.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),
134 Soil Survey of

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small to

be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only

when one or more of their characteristics are

slightly outside the range defined for the family of

the series for which the soils are named.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick drift that generally

marks the termination of important glacial

advances. It commonly is a massive, arcuate ridge

or complex of ridges underlain by till and other

types of drift.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily

flat or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the

sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Till. Unsorted, nonstratified drift consisting of clay, silt,

sand, and boulders transported and deposited by

glacial ice.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closeddepression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Understory. Any plants in a forest community that

grow to a height of less than 5 feet.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting

colors assumed to be inherited from the parent

material rather than to be the result of poor

drainage.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These
De Kalb County, Illinois 135

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.

137

Tables
138 Soil Survey of

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at De Kalb, Illinois)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | | | will have-- | | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | | Average |Average| | | Average |Average

 | daily | daily | | Maximum | Minimum |number of| | Less | More |number of|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| growing | |than--|than--|days with|

 | | | | higher | lower | degree | | | |0.10 inch|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | or more | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | oF | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 27.1 | 11.2 | 19.1 | 52 | -19 | 0 | 1.57 | 0.71| 2.30| 4 | 9.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 February---| 33.5 | 17.3 | 25.4 | 60 | -13 | 0 | 1.40 | .62| 2.07| 3 | 7.3

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 March------| 45.4 | 27.4 | 36.4 | 76 | 3 | 21 | 2.44 | 1.31| 3.43| 5 | 4.8

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 April------| 59.2 | 37.5 | 48.3 | 85 | 17 | 97 | 3.52 | 2.18| 4.72| 7 | 1.1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 May--------| 71.6 | 48.4 | 60.0 | 91 | 29 | 321 | 4.16 | 2.41| 5.72| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 June-------| 81.1 | 58.5 | 69.8 | 95 | 41 | 598 | 4.53 | 2.14| 6.60| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 July-------| 84.2 | 62.8 | 73.5 | 97 | 48 | 731 | 4.26 | 2.09| 6.14| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 August-----| 81.9 | 60.7 | 71.3 | 95 | 45 | 660 | 4.60 | 2.35| 6.56| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 September--| 75.6 | 52.5 | 64.1 | 92 | 33 | 428 | 3.47 | 1.35| 5.25| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 October----| 63.1 | 40.8 | 51.9 | 85 | 21 | 146 | 2.65 | 1.38| 3.76| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 November---| 46.3 | 29.7 | 38.0 | 71 | 6 | 20 | 2.82 | 1.38| 4.07| 5 | 2.1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 December---| 33.0 | 18.3 | 25.7 | 58 | -10 | 2 | 2.18 | 1.15| 3.09| 5 | 9.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 58.5 | 38.8 | 48.6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme---| 103 | -27 | --- | 98 | -20 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,024 | 37.59 | 30.93| 41.80| 64 | 34.8

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F).
De Kalb County, Illinois 139

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at De Kalb, Illinois)

_____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower _____________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 21 | May 1 | May 15

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 16 | Apr. 26 | May 9

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 6 | Apr. 16 | Apr. 28

 | | |

First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 17 | Oct. 5 | Sept. 26

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 22 | Oct. 11 | Sept. 30

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Nov. 2 | Oct. 23 | Oct. 9

 | | | _____________________________________________________________

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at De Kalb,

 Illinois)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 o __________________________________________________ F

 | Days | Days | Days

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 188 | 166 | 137

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 196 | 174 | 146

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 210 | 190 | 163

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 224 | 206 | 180

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 232 | 214 | 189

 | | | __________________________________________________
140 Soil Survey of

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

59A |Lisbon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 4,918 | 1.2

60C2 |La Rose loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------| 2,469 | 0.6

60D2 |La Rose loam, 10 to 18 percent slopes, eroded----------------------------| 1,354 | 0.3

62A |Herbert silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 4,564 | 1.1

67A |Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------| 5,985 | 1.5

68A |Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------| 623 | 0.2

103A |Houghton muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 1,467 | 0.4

104A |Virgil silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 2,970 | 0.7

148A |Proctor silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 322 | *

148B |Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------| 54 | *

152A |Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 42,583 | 10.5

154A |Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 57,007 | 14.0

171A |Catlin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 7,858 | 1.9

171B |Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------| 35,898 | 8.8

193A |Mayville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 416 | 0.1

193B |Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------| 8,932 | 2.2

193C2 |Mayville silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------| 543 | 0.1

198A |Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 9,386 | 2.3

206A |Thorp silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 383 | *

219A |Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 2,042 | 0.5

221B2 |Parr silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded----------------------------| 7,259 | 1.8

221C2 |Parr silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded---------------------------| 8,076 | 2.0

233A |Birkbeck silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 885 | 0.2

233B |Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------| 377 | *

236A |Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,325 | 0.3

318D2 |Lorenzo loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------| 73 | *

325A |Dresden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 6 | *

325B |Dresden silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes---------------------------------| 275 | *

325C2 |Dresden silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 412 | 0.1

327B |Fox silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 117 | *

330A |Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 2,845 | 0.7

344B |Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------| 176 | *

348A |Wingate silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 855 | 0.2

348B |Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------| 12,197 | 3.0

348C2 |Wingate silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded------------------------| 910 | 0.2

356A |Elpaso silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------| 65,011 | 16.0

488A |Hooppole loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 565 | 0.1

512A |Danabrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 1,433 | 0.4

512B |Danabrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------| 56,035 | 13.8

512C2 |Danabrook silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded----------------------| 5,809 | 1.4

527B |Kidami silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes----------------------------------| 2,505 | 0.6

527C2 |Kidami loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------------| 3,572 | 0.9

527D2 |Kidami loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------------------------| 649 | 0.2

656B |Octagon silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes---------------------------------| 2,594 | 0.6

656C2 |Octagon silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 3,740 | 0.9

662A |Barony silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,252 | 0.3

662B |Barony silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------| 2,365 | 0.6

662C2 |Barony silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 855 | 0.2

663A |Clare silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 553 | 0.1

663B |Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 885 | 0.2

667A |Kaneville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 3,147 | 0.8

667B |Kaneville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------| 4,241 | 1.0

667C2 |Kaneville silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded----------------------| 432 | 0.1

668A |Somonauk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 1,949 | 0.5

668B |Somonauk silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------| 1,859 | 0.5

679A |Blackberry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------| 774 | 0.2

679B |Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------------------------------| 2,405 | 0.6

712A |Spaulding silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------| 78 | *

715A |Arrowsmith silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------| 1,276 | 0.3

791A |Rush silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------| 262 | *

791B |Rush silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes------------------------------------| 316 | *

792A |Bowes silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 582 | 0.1

792B |Bowes silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 467 | 0.1

 | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
De Kalb County, Illinois 141

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

802B |Orthents, loamy, undulating----------------------------------------------| 884 | 0.2

830 |Landfills----------------------------------------------------------------| 122 | *

865 |Pits, gravel-------------------------------------------------------------| 387 | *

3076A |Otter silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded---------------| 11,831 | 2.9

3776A |Comfrey loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded------------------| 320 | *

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,203 | 0.3

 | |____________|________

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------| 405,920 | 100.0

 | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.
142 Soil Survey of

Table 5.--Main Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland

(See text for a description of the limitations and hazards listed in this table.)

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Limitations and hazards | Limitations and hazards

 and | affecting cropland | affecting pastureland

 soil name | | ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

59A: | |

 Lisbon-------------------|Wetness |Frost heave,

 | | wetness

 | |

60C2: | |

 La Rose------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

60D2: | |

 La Rose------------------|Crusting, |Equipment limitation,

 | water erosion | frost heave,

 | | water erosion

 | |

62A: | |

 Herbert------------------|Wetness |Frost heave,

 | | wetness

 | |

67A: | |

 Harpster-----------------|Excess lime, |Frost heave,

 | ponding, | ponding

 | poor tilth |

 | |

68A: | |

 Sable--------------------|Ponding, |Frost heave,

 | poor tilth | ponding

 | |

103A: | |

 Houghton-----------------|Ponding, |Frost heave,

 | subsidence, | low pH,

 | wind erosion | ponding,

 | | wind erosion

 | |

104A: | |

 Virgil-------------------|Wetness |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | wetness

 | |

148A: | |

 Proctor------------------|None |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

148B: | |

 Proctor------------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

152A: | |

 Drummer------------------|Ponding, |Frost heave,

 | poor tilth | ponding

 | |

154A: | |

 Flanagan-----------------|Wetness |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | wetness

 | |

171A: | |

 Catlin-------------------|None |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 143

Table 5.--Main Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Limitations and hazards | Limitations and hazards

 and | affecting cropland | affecting pastureland

 soil name | | ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

171B: | |

 Catlin-------------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

193A: | |

 Mayville-----------------|Crusting |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

193B: | |

 Mayville-----------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

193C2: | |

 Mayville-----------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

198A: | |

 Elburn-------------------|Wetness |Frost heave,

 | | wetness

 | |

206A: | |

 Thorp--------------------|Ponding, |Frost heave,

 | restricted permeability | low pH,

 | | ponding

 | |

219A: | |

 Millbrook----------------|Wetness |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | wetness

 | |

221B2: | |

 Parr---------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

221C2: | |

 Parr---------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

233A: | |

 Birkbeck-----------------|Crusting |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

233B: | |

 Birkbeck-----------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

236A: | |

 Sabina-------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | wetness | low pH,

 | | wetness

 | |

318D2: | |

 Lorenzo------------------|Crusting, |Equipment limitation,

 | excessive permeability, | frost heave,

 | low available water capacity,| low available water capacity,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

325A: | |

 Dresden------------------|Excessive permeability |Frost heave

 | |
144 Soil Survey of

Table 5.--Main Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Limitations and hazards | Limitations and hazards

 and | affecting cropland | affecting pastureland

 soil name | | ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

325B: | |

 Dresden------------------|Excessive permeability, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

325C2: | |

 Dresden------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | excessive permeability, | water erosion

 | water erosion |

 | |

327B: | |

 Fox----------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | excessive permeability, | low pH,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

330A: | |

 Peotone------------------|Ponding, |Frost heave,

 | poor tilth | ponding

 | |

344B: | |

 Harvard------------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

348A: | |

 Wingate------------------|None |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

348B: | |

 Wingate------------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

348C2: | |

 Wingate------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

356A: | |

 Elpaso-------------------|Ponding, |Frost heave,

 | poor tilth | ponding

 | |

488A: | |

 Hooppole-----------------|Excess lime, |Frost heave,

 | excessive permeability, | ponding

 | ponding |

 | |

512A: | |

 Danabrook----------------|None |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

512B: | |

 Danabrook----------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

512C2: | |

 Danabrook----------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

527B: | |

 Kidami-------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 145

Table 5.--Main Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Limitations and hazards | Limitations and hazards

 and | affecting cropland | affecting pastureland

 soil name | | ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

527C2: | |

 Kidami-------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

527D2: | |

 Kidami-------------------|Crusting, |Equipment limitation,

 | water erosion | frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

656B: | |

 Octagon------------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | water erosion

 | |

656C2: | |

 Octagon------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

662A: | |

 Barony-------------------|None |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

662B: | |

 Barony-------------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

662C2: | |

 Barony-------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

663A: | |

 Clare--------------------|None |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

663B: | |

 Clare--------------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

667A: | |

 Kaneville----------------|None |Frost heave

 | |

 | |

667B: | |

 Kaneville----------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | water erosion

 | |

667C2: | |

 Kaneville----------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

668A: | |

 Somonauk-----------------|Crusting |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

668B: | |

 Somonauk-----------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |
146 Soil Survey of

Table 5.--Main Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | Limitations and hazards | Limitations and hazards

 and | affecting cropland | affecting pastureland

 soil name | | ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

679A: | |

 Blackberry---------------|None |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

679B: | |

 Blackberry---------------|Water erosion |Frost heave,

 | | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

712A: | |

 Spaulding----------------|Excess lime, |Frost heave,

 | ponding, | ponding

 | poor tilth |

 | |

715A: | |

 Arrowsmith---------------|Wetness |Frost heave,

 | | wetness

 | |

791A: | |

 Rush---------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | excessive permeability | low pH

 | |

791B: | |

 Rush---------------------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | excessive permeability, | low pH,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

792A: | |

 Bowes--------------------|Excessive permeability |Frost heave,

 | | low pH

 | |

792B: | |

 Bowes--------------------|Excessive permeability, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | low pH,

 | | water erosion

 | |

802B: | |

 Orthents, loamy----------|Crusting, |Frost heave,

 | water erosion | water erosion

 | |

830: | |

 Landfills. | |

 | |

865: | |

 Pits, gravel. | |

 | |

 | |

3076A: | |

 Otter--------------------|Flooding, |Flooding,

 | ponding | frost heave,

 | | ponding

 | |

3776A: | |

 Comfrey------------------|Flooding, |Flooding,

 | ponding | frost heave,

 | | ponding

 | | ________________________________________________________________________________________
De Kalb County, Illinois 147

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for nonirrigated areas.

 Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown

 on the soil.)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

59A: | | | | | | |

 Lisbon--------------| 1 | 155 | 51 | 63 | 92 | 5.9 | 9.8

 | | | | | | |

60C2: | | | | | | |

 La Rose-------------| 3e | 116 | 39 | 49 | 70 | 4.5 | 7.5

 | | | | | | |

60D2: | | | | | | |

 La Rose-------------| 4e | 109 | 36 | 46 | 66 | 4.3 | 7.1

 | | | | | | |

62A: | | | | | | |

 Herbert-------------| 2w | 140 | 44 | 56 | 81 | 5.4 | 9.0

 | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | |

 Harpster------------| 2w | 136 | 44 | 52 | 74 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

68A: | | | | | | |

 Sable---------------| 2w | 156 | 51 | 61 | 85 | 5.6 | 9.3

 | | | | | | |

103A: | | | | | | |

 Houghton------------| 3w | 129 | 44 | --- | --- | --- | 7.3

 | | | | | | |

104A: | | | | | | |

 Virgil--------------| 1 | 148 | 45 | 60 | 84 | 5.6 | 9.3

 | | | | | | |

148A: | | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------| 1 | 144 | 44 | 59 | 88 | 5.5 | 9.2

 | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------| 2e | 143 | 44 | 58 | 87 | 5.4 | 9.1

 | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------| 2w | 154 | 51 | 61 | 83 | 5.5 | 9.2

 | | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | | |

 Flanagan------------| 1 | 162 | 52 | 67 | 92 | 6.1 | 10.2

 | | | | | | |

171A: | | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------| 1 | 150 | 46 | 61 | 87 | 5.8 | 9.7

 | | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | | |

 Catlin--------------| 2e | 149 | 46 | 60 | 86 | 5.7 | 9.6

 | | | | | | |

193A: | | | | | | |

 Mayville------------| 1 | 130 | 43 | 56 | 80 | 5.2 | 8.7

 | | | | | | |

193B: | | | | | | |

 Mayville------------| 2e | 129 | 43 | 55 | 79 | 5.1 | 8.6

 | | | | | | |

193C2: | | | | | | |

 Mayville------------| 3e | 122 | 40 | 53 | 75 | 4.9 | 8.2

 | | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | | |

 Elburn--------------| 1 | 161 | 50 | 63 | 94 | 6.1 | 10.2

 | | | | | | |

206A: | | | | | | |

 Thorp---------------| 2w | 126 | 42 | 51 | 69 | 4.6 | 7.7

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
148 Soil Survey of

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | | |

 Millbrook-----------| 1 | 144 | 43 | 59 | 81 | 5.4 | 9.0

 | | | | | | |

221B2: | | | | | | |

 Parr----------------| 2e | 124 | 42 | 55 | 75 | 5.1 | 8.5

 | | | | | | |

221C2: | | | | | | |

 Parr----------------| 3e | 121 | 41 | 54 | 73 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

233A: | | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------| 1 | 123 | 41 | 55 | 70 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | | |

 Birkbeck------------| 2e | 122 | 41 | 54 | 69 | 5.0 | 8.2

 | | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | | |

 Sabina--------------| 2w | 133 | 42 | 56 | 75 | 5.2 | 8.7

 | | | | | | |

318D2: | | | | | | |

 Lorenzo-------------| 3e | 83 | 27 | 40 | 55 | 3.2 | 5.4

 | | | | | | |

325A: | | | | | | |

 Dresden-------------| 2s | 110 | 36 | 49 | 69 | 4.5 | 7.5

 | | | | | | |

325B: | | | | | | |

 Dresden-------------| 2e | 109 | 36 | 49 | 68 | 4.5 | 7.4

 | | | | | | |

325C2: | | | | | | |

 Dresden-------------| 2e | 104 | 34 | 47 | 66 | 4.3 | 7.1

 | | | | | | |

327B: | | | | | | |

 Fox-----------------| 2e | 105 | 33 | 46 | 63 | 4.3 | 7.1

 | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------| 2w | 123 | 42 | 43 | 58 | 4.2 | 7.0

 | | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | | |

 Harvard-------------| 2e | 131 | 41 | 53 | 77 | 5.1 | 8.6

 | | | | | | |

348A: | | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------| 1 | 133 | 42 | 56 | 79 | 5.1 | 8.5

 | | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------| 2e | 132 | 42 | 55 | 78 | 5.0 | 8.4

 | | | | | | |

348C2: | | | | | | |

 Wingate-------------| 3e | 125 | 39 | 53 | 74 | 4.8 | 8.0

 | | | | | | |

356A: | | | | | | |

 Elpaso--------------| 2w | 146 | 49 | 58 | 82 | 5.5 | 9.2

 | | | | | | |

488A: | | | | | | |

 Hooppole------------| 2w | 132 | 44 | 53 | 77 | 5.3 | 8.8

 | | | | | | |

512A: | | | | | | |

 Danabrook-----------| 1 | 141 | 46 | 60 | 85 | 5.6 | 9.3

 | | | | | | |

512B: | | | | | | |

 Danabrook-----------| 2e | 140 | 46 | 59 | 84 | 5.5 | 9.2

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
De Kalb County, Illinois 149

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

512C2: | | | | | | |

 Danabrook-----------| 3e | 133 | 43 | 56 | 80 | 5.3 | 8.7

 | | | | | | |

527B: | | | | | | |

 Kidami--------------| 2e | 120 | 40 | 50 | 67 | 4.8 | 7.9

 | | | | | | |

527C2: | | | | | | |

 Kidami--------------| 2e | 115 | 39 | 48 | 65 | 4.6 | 7.6

 | | | | | | |

527D2: | | | | | | |

 Kidami--------------| 3e | 113 | 38 | 47 | 63 | 4.5 | 7.4

 | | | | | | |

656B: | | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------| 2e | 124 | 41 | 52 | 74 | 5.0 | 8.2

 | | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | | |

 Octagon-------------| 2e | 119 | 39 | 50 | 71 | 4.8 | 7.9

 | | | | | | |

662A: | | | | | | |

 Barony--------------| 1 | 133 | 42 | 55 | 79 | 5.3 | 8.8

 | | | | | | |

662B: | | | | | | |

 Barony--------------| 2e | 132 | 42 | 54 | 78 | 5.2 | 8.7

 | | | | | | |

662C2: | | | | | | |

 Barony--------------| 3e | 125 | 39 | 52 | 74 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

663A: | | | | | | |

 Clare---------------| 1 | 145 | 45 | 60 | 88 | 5.6 | 9.3

 | | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | | |

 Clare---------------| 2e | 143 | 44 | 58 | 87 | 5.4 | 9.1

 | | | | | | |

667A: | | | | | | |

 Kaneville-----------| 1 | 139 | 44 | 56 | 82 | 5.5 | 9.2

 | | | | | | |

667B: | | | | | | |

 Kaneville-----------| 2e | 138 | 44 | 55 | 81 | 5.4 | 9.1

 | | | | | | |

667C2: | | | | | | |

 Kaneville-----------| 3e | 131 | 41 | 53 | 77 | 5.2 | 8.6

 | | | | | | |

668A: | | | | | | |

 Somonauk------------| 1 | 126 | 40 | 56 | 72 | 5.1 | 8.5

 | | | | | | |

668B: | | | | | | |

 Somonauk------------| 2e | 125 | 40 | 55 | 71 | 5.0 | 8.4

 | | | | | | |

679A: | | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------| 1 | 152 | 45 | 60 | 90 | 5.8 | 9.7

 | | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | | |

 Blackberry----------| 2e | 150 | 45 | 59 | 89 | 5.7 | 9.6

 | | | | | | |

712A: | | | | | | |

 Spaulding-----------| 2w | 138 | 44 | --- | 76 | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

715A: | | | | | | |

 Arrowsmith----------| 1 | 154 | 47 | 62 | 87 | 5.6 | 9.3

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
150 Soil Survey of

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

791A: | | | | | | |

 Rush----------------| 1 | 132 | 42 | 57 | 77 | 5.1 | 9.0

 | | | | | | |

791B: | | | | | | |

 Rush----------------| 2e | 131 | 42 | 56 | 76 | 5.0 | 8.9

 | | | | | | |

792A: | | | | | | |

 Bowes---------------| 1 | 141 | 46 | 60 | 79 | 5.3 | 9.3

 | | | | | | |

792B: | | | | | | |

 Bowes---------------| 2e | 140 | 46 | 59 | 78 | 5.2 | 9.2

 | | | | | | |

802B: | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----| 2e | 85 | 27 | 30 | 50 | 3.7 | 6.2

 | | | | | | |

830: | | | | | | |

 Landfills. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

865: | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

3076A: | | | | | | |

 Otter---------------| 3w | 129 | 41 | 44 | 62 | 4.2 | 7.0

 | | | | | | |

3776A: | | | | | | |

 Comfrey-------------| 2w | 126 | 41 | 46 | 59 | 4.5 | 7.5

 | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Animal unit month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse,

one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.
De Kalb County, Illinois 151

Table 7.--Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are

 not considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the

 conditions are specified in parentheses after the soil name.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol |

 | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

59A |Lisbon silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

60C2 |La Rose loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded

62A |Herbert silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

67A |Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

68A |Sable silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

104A |Virgil silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

148A |Proctor silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

148B |Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

152A |Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

154A |Flanagan silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

171A |Catlin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

171B |Catlin silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

193A |Mayville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

193B |Mayville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

198A |Elburn silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

206A |Thorp silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

219A |Millbrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

221B2 |Parr silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

221C2 |Parr silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded

233A |Birkbeck silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

233B |Birkbeck silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

236A |Sabina silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

325A |Dresden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

325B |Dresden silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes

325C2 |Dresden silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, eroded

327B |Fox silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes

330A |Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

344B |Harvard silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

348A |Wingate silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

348B |Wingate silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

356A |Elpaso silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

488A |Hooppole loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

512A |Danabrook silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

512B |Danabrook silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

527B |Kidami silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes

527C2 |Kidami loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, eroded

656B |Octagon silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes

656C2 |Octagon silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, eroded

662A |Barony silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

662B |Barony silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

663A |Clare silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

663B |Clare silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

667A |Kaneville silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

667B |Kaneville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

668A |Somonauk silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

668B |Somonauk silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

679A |Blackberry silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

679B |Blackberry silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

712A |Spaulding silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

715A |Arrowsmith silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

791A |Rush silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

791B |Rush silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes

792A |Bowes silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

792B |Bowes silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes

3076A |Otter silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected

 | from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

3776A |Comfrey loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected

 | from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

 | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
152 Soil Survey of

Table 8.--Forestland Productivity

(Only the soils suitable for commercial production of trees are listed.)

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

62A: | | | |

 Herbert-----------------|White oak-----------| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry,

 |Black walnut--------| --- | --- | common persimmon,

 |Northern red oak----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | cottonwood, green

 | | | | ash, pecan, pin

 | | | | oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

103A: | | | |

 Houghton----------------|Silver maple--------| 82 | 29 |Common persimmon,

 |Arborvitae----------| 37 | 57 | eastern

 |Green ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green

 |Quaking aspen-------| 60 | 57 | ash, pin oak,

 |Red maple-----------| 56 | 29 | swamp white oak,

 |White ash-----------| 56 | 43 | sweetgum

 | | | |

104A: | | | |

 Virgil------------------|Silver maple--------| 70 | 29 |Common hackberry,

 |American elm--------| --- | --- | common persimmon,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 | | | | cottonwood, green

 | | | | ash, pecan, pin

 | | | | oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

193A: | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Northern red oak----| 78 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | cherrybark oak,

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 78 | 57 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

193B: | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Northern red oak----| 78 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White oak-----------| 78 | 57 | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

193C2: | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Northern red oak----| 78 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White oak-----------| 78 | 57 | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 153

Table 8.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

219A: | | | |

 Millbrook---------------|Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry,

 |Black walnut--------| --- | --- | common persimmon,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 57 | cottonwood, green

 | | | | ash, pecan, pin

 | | | | oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

233A: | | | |

 Birkbeck----------------|White oak-----------| 86 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Green ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern

 |Northern red oak----| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 | | | | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

233B: | | | |

 Birkbeck----------------|White oak-----------| 86 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Green ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern

 |Northern red oak----| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 | | | | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

236A: | | | |

 Sabina------------------|White oak-----------| 80 | 57 |Common hackberry,

 |Black walnut--------| --- | --- | common persimmon,

 |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 | eastern

 | | | | cottonwood, green

 | | | | ash, pecan, pin

 | | | | oak, swamp white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

325A: | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |Black oak, common

 |American basswood---| --- | --- | hackberry, eastern

 |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | white pine, green

 |Black oak-----------| --- | --- | ash

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- |

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | |

325B: | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |Black oak, common

 |American basswood---| --- | --- | hackberry, eastern

 |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | white pine, green

 |Black oak-----------| --- | --- | ash

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- |

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | |
154 Soil Survey of

Table 8.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

325C2: | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |Black oak, common

 |American basswood---| --- | --- | hackberry, eastern

 |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | white pine, green

 |Black oak-----------| --- | --- | ash

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- |

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | |

327B: | | | |

 Fox---------------------|Northern red oak----| 65 | 57 |Black oak, common

 |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | hackberry, eastern

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | white pine, green

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | ash

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- |

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- |

 | | | |

344B: | | | |

 Harvard-----------------|Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| 85 | 72 | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

348A: | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 57 | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

348B: | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 57 | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

348C2: | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 57 | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 155

Table 8.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

527B: | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Northern red oak----| 69 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |American beech------| --- | --- | eastern

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | pine, green ash,

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

527C2: | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Northern red oak----| 69 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |American beech------| --- | --- | eastern

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | pine, green ash,

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

527D2: | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Northern red oak----| 69 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |American beech------| --- | --- | eastern

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | pine, green ash,

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

656B: | | | |

 Octagon-----------------|Northern red oak----| 69 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |American beech------| --- | --- | eastern

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | pine, green ash,

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

656C2: | | | |

 Octagon-----------------|Northern red oak----| 69 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |American beech------| --- | --- | eastern

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | eastern white

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | pine, green ash,

 |White oak-----------| --- | --- | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |
156 Soil Survey of

Table 8.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

662A: | | | |

 Barony------------------|Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 85 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

662B: | | | |

 Barony------------------|Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 85 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

662C2: | | | |

 Barony------------------|Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 85 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

667A: | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 85 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

667B: | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 85 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 157

Table 8.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

667C2: | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 85 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

668A: | | | |

 Somonauk----------------|Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 85 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

668B: | | | |

 Somonauk----------------|Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 85 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

791A: | | | |

 Rush--------------------|Northern red oak----| 90 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 90 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

791B: | | | |

 Rush--------------------|Northern red oak----| 90 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 90 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |
158 Soil Survey of

Table 8.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |Cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

792A: | | | |

 Bowes-------------------|Northern red oak----| 90 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 90 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

792B: | | | |

 Bowes-------------------|Northern red oak----| 90 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Shagbark hickory----| --- | --- | eastern

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood,

 |White oak-----------| 90 | 72 | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

3076A: | | | |

 Otter-------------------|Silver maple--------| 94 | 43 |Common hackberry,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern

 | | | | cottonwood, green

 | | | | ash, pin oak,

 | | | | river birch, swamp

 | | | | white oak,

 | | | | sweetgum

 | | | |

3776A: | | | |

 Comfrey-----------------|Silver maple--------| 94 | 43 |Common hackberry,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern

 | | | | cottonwood, green

 | | | | ash, pin oak,

 | | | | river birch, swamp

 | | | | white oak,

 | | | | sweetgum

 | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings (Absence of an entry indicates that trees generally do not grow to the given height.) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 59A: | | | |  Lisbon------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas-fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 60C2: | | | |  La Rose-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 60D2: | | | |  La Rose-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 62A: | | | |  Herbert-----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas-fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 67A: | | | |  Harpster----------------|Common winterberry, |Common pawpaw, |Arborvitae, bur oak,|Carolina poplar,  | gray dogwood, | nannyberry, | common hackberry, | eastern cottonwood | redosier dogwood | roughleaf dogwood, | eastern redcedar, | green ash  | | silky dogwood | green hawthorn |  | | | | 68A: | | | |  Sable-------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 103A: | | | |  Houghton----------------|American |Common serviceberry,|Arborvitae, common |Green ash, pin oak,  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | persimmon | river birch, swamp  | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | | white oak, sweetgu | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | |  | elderberry, common | | |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 104A: | | | |  Virgil------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas-fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 148A: | | | |  Proctor-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 148B: | | | |  Proctor-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 152A: | | | |  Drummer-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 154A: | | | |  Flanagan----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas-fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 171A: | | | |  Catlin------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 171B: | | | |  Catlin------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 193A: | | | |  Mayville----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 193B: | | | |  Mayville----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 193C2: | | | |  Mayville----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 198A: | | | |  Elburn------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas-fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 206A: | | | |  Thorp-------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 219A: | | | |  Millbrook---------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas-fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 221B2: | | | |  Parr--------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 221C2: | | | |  Parr--------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 233A: | | | |  Birkbeck----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 233B: | | | |  Birkbeck----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 236A: | | | |  Sabina------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas-fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 318D2: | | | |  Lorenzo-----------------|American |American plum, bur |Black oak, common |Carolina poplar---- | cranberrybush, | oak, chinkapin oak,| hackberry, eastern |  | American hazelnut, | common | white pine, green |  | black chokeberry, | serviceberry, | ash |  | common chokecherry,| eastern redcedar, | |  | common elderberry, | nannyberry, prairie| |  | common juniper, | crabapple, | |  | coralberry, | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | mapleleaf viburnum,| smooth sumac | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 325A: | | | |  Dresden-----------------|American |American plum, bur |Black oak, common |Carolina poplar---- | cranberrybush, | oak, chinkapin oak,| hackberry, eastern |  | American hazelnut, | common | white pine, green |  | black chokeberry, | serviceberry, | ash |  | common chokecherry,| eastern redcedar, | |  | common elderberry, | nannyberry, prairie| |  | common juniper, | crabapple, | |  | coralberry, | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | mapleleaf viburnum,| smooth sumac | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 325B: | | | |  Dresden-----------------|American |American plum, bur |Black oak, common |Carolina poplar---- | cranberrybush, | oak, chinkapin oak,| hackberry, eastern |  | American hazelnut, | common | white pine, green |  | black chokeberry, | serviceberry, | ash |  | common chokecherry,| eastern redcedar, | |  | common elderberry, | nannyberry, prairie| |  | common juniper, | crabapple, | |  | coralberry, | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | mapleleaf viburnum,| smooth sumac | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 325C2: | | | |  Dresden-----------------|American |American plum, bur |Black oak, common |Carolina poplar---- | cranberrybush, | oak, chinkapin oak,| hackberry, eastern |  | American hazelnut, | common | white pine, green |  | black chokeberry, | serviceberry, | ash |  | common chokecherry,| eastern redcedar, | |  | common elderberry, | nannyberry, prairie| |  | common juniper, | crabapple, | |  | coralberry, | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | mapleleaf viburnum,| smooth sumac | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 327B: | | | |  Fox---------------------|American |American plum, bur |Black oak, common |Carolina poplar---- | cranberrybush, | oak, chinkapin oak,| hackberry, eastern |  | American hazelnut, | common | white pine, green |  | black chokeberry, | serviceberry, | ash |  | common chokecherry,| eastern redcedar, | |  | common elderberry, | nannyberry, prairie| |  | common juniper, | crabapple, | |  | coralberry, | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | mapleleaf viburnum,| smooth sumac | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 330A: | | | |  Peotone-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 344B: | | | |  Harvard-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 348A: | | | |  Wingate-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 348B: | | | |  Wingate-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 348C2: | | | |  Wingate-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 356A: | | | |  Elpaso------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 488A: | | | |  Hooppole----------------|Common winterberry, |Common pawpaw, |Arborvitae, bur oak,|Carolina poplar,  | gray dogwood, | nannyberry, | common hackberry, | eastern cottonwood | redosier dogwood | roughleaf dogwood, | eastern redcedar, | green ash  | | silky dogwood | green hawthorn |  | | | | 512A: | | | |  Danabrook---------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 512B: | | | |  Danabrook---------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 512C2: | | | |  Danabrook---------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 527B: | | | |  Kidami------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 527C2: | | | |  Kidami------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 527D2: | | | |  Kidami------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 656B: | | | |  Octagon-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 656C2: | | | |  Octagon-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 662A: | | | |  Barony------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 662B: | | | |  Barony------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 662C2: | | | |  Barony------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 663A: | | | |  Clare-------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 663B: | | | |  Clare-------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 667A: | | | |  Kaneville---------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 667B: | | | |  Kaneville---------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 667C2: | | | |  Kaneville---------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 668A: | | | |  Somonauk----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 668B: | | | |  Somonauk----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 679A: | | | |  Blackberry--------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 679B: | | | |  Blackberry--------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 712A: | | | |  Spaulding---------------|Common winterberry, |Common pawpaw, |Arborvitae, bur oak,|Carolina poplar,  | gray dogwood, | nannyberry, | common hackberry, | eastern cottonwood | redosier dogwood | roughleaf dogwood, | eastern redcedar, | green ash  | | silky dogwood | green hawthorn |  | | | | 715A: | | | |  Arrowsmith--------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas-fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 791A: | | | |  Rush--------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 791B: | | | |  Rush--------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 792A: | | | |  Bowes-------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 792B: | | | |  Bowes-------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 9.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 802B: | | | |  Orthents, loamy---------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas-fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 830: | | | |  Landfills. | | | |  | | | | 865: | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | |  | | | | 3076A: | | | |  Otter-------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 3776A: | | | |  Comfrey-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
176 Soil Survey of

Table 10.--Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

59A: | | | | |

 Lisbon-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

60C2: | | | | |

 La Rose----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | |

 | | | | |

60D2: | | | | |

 La Rose----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | |

62A: | | | | |

 Herbert----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Harpster---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

68A: | | | | |

 Sable------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

103A: | | | | |

 Houghton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

104A: | | | | |

 Virgil-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

148A: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight

 | | | | |

148B: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

152A: | | | | |

 Drummer----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

154A: | | | | |

 Flanagan---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

171A: | | | | |

 Catlin-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

171B: | | | | |

 Catlin-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 177

Table 10.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

193A: | | | | |

 Mayville---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

193B: | | | | |

 Mayville---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

193C2: | | | | |

 Mayville---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | |

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

198A: | | | | |

 Elburn-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

206A: | | | | |

 Thorp------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

219A: | | | | |

 Millbrook--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

221B2: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

221C2: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | |

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

233A: | | | | |

 Birkbeck---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

233B: | | | | |

 Birkbeck---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

236A: | | | | |

 Sabina-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

318D2: | | | | |

 Lorenzo----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

325A: | | | | |

 Dresden----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight

 | | | | |

325B: | | | | |

 Dresden----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |
178 Soil Survey of

Table 10.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

325C2: | | | | |

 Dresden----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

327B: | | | | |

 Fox--------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

330A: | | | | |

 Peotone----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

344B: | | | | |

 Harvard----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

348A: | | | | |

 Wingate----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

348B: | | | | |

 Wingate----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

348C2: | | | | |

 Wingate----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | | |

356A: | | | | |

 Elpaso-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

488A: | | | | |

 Hooppole---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

512A: | | | | |

 Danabrook--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

512B: | | | | |

 Danabrook--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

512C2: | | | | |

 Danabrook--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | | |

527B: | | | | |

 Kidami-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

527C2: | | | | |

 Kidami-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | percs slowly | |

 | | | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 179

Table 10.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

527D2: | | | | |

 Kidami-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | slope | slope | | |

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

656B: | | | | |

 Octagon----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

656C2: | | | | |

 Octagon----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

662A: | | | | |

 Barony-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

662B: | | | | |

 Barony-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

662C2: | | | | |

 Barony-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | | |

663A: | | | | |

 Clare------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

663B: | | | | |

 Clare------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

667A: | | | | |

 Kaneville--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

667B: | | | | |

 Kaneville--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

667C2: | | | | |

 Kaneville--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | | |

668A: | | | | |

 Somonauk---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

668B: | | | | |

 Somonauk---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |
180 Soil Survey of

Table 10.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

679A: | | | | |

 Blackberry-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

679B: | | | | |

 Blackberry-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

712A: | | | | |

 Spaulding--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

715A: | | | | |

 Arrowsmith-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

791A: | | | | |

 Rush-------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight

 | | | | |

791B: | | | | |

 Rush-------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

792A: | | | | |

 Bowes------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight

 | | | | |

792B: | | | | |

 Bowes------------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

802B: | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

830: | | | | |

 Landfills. | | | | |

 | | | | |

865: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | |

 | | | | |

3076A: | | | | |

 Otter------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

3776A: | | | | |

 Comfrey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
De Kalb County, Illinois 181

Table 11.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is

 applicable.)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

59A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lisbon------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

60C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 La Rose-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

60D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 La Rose-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

62A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Herbert-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harpster----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

68A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sable-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

103A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Houghton----------------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

104A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Virgil------------------|Fair |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

148A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Drummer-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Flanagan----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

171A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Catlin------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Catlin------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

193A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

193B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

193C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
182 Soil Survey of

Table 11.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elburn------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

206A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Thorp-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Millbrook---------------|Fair |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

221B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

221C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

233A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Birkbeck----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Birkbeck----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sabina------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

318D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lorenzo-----------------|Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

325A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

325B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

325C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

327B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fox---------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Peotone-----------------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harvard-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

348A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

348C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 183

Table 11.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

356A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elpaso------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

488A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hooppole----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

512A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Danabrook---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

512B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Danabrook---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

512C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Danabrook---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

527B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

527C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

527D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

656B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Octagon-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Octagon-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

662A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Barony------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

662B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Barony------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

662C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Barony------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

663A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clare-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clare-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

667A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

667B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

667C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
184 Soil Survey of

Table 11.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- | Wetland

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

668A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Somonauk----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

668B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Somonauk----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

679A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blackberry--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blackberry--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

712A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Spaulding---------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

715A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Arrowsmith--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

791A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rush--------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

791B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rush--------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

792A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bowes-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

792B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bowes-------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

802B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

830: | | | | | | | | | |

 Landfills. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

865: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

3076A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Otter-------------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

3776A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Comfrey-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
De Kalb County, Illinois 185

Table 12.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating

 is applicable.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

59A: | | | | | |

 Lisbon------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

60C2: | | | | | |

 La Rose-----------------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | dense layer | | | slope | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

60D2: | | | | | |

 La Rose-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost action | slope

 | dense layer | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

62A: | | | | | |

 Herbert-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

68A: | | | | | |

 Sable-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

103A: | | | | | |

 Houghton----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | subsides | subsides | subsides | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | subsides | ponding

 | | low strength | low strength | low strength | ponding |

 | | | | | |

104A: | | | | | |

 Virgil------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

148A: | | | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |
186 Soil Survey of

Table 12.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | |

 Flanagan----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

171A: | | | | | |

 Catlin------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | |

 Catlin------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

193A: | | | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

193B: | | | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

193C2: | | | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | slope | low strength |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | |

 Elburn------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

206A: | | | | | |

 Thorp-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | |

 Millbrook---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

221B2: | | | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

221C2: | | | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | shrink-swell | | slope | |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 187

Table 12.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

233A: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | |

 Birkbeck----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | |

 Sabina------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

318D2: | | | | | |

 Lorenzo-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | cutbanks cave | slope | slope | slope | frost action | slope

 | | | | | slope | droughty

 | | | | | |

325A: | | | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | | |

325B: | | | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | | |

325C2: | | | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | slope | |

 | | | | | |

327B: | | | | | |

 Fox---------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | |

 Harvard-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

348A: | | | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |
188 Soil Survey of

Table 12.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

348C2: | | | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | slope | low strength |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

356A: | | | | | |

 Elpaso------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

488A: | | | | | |

 Hooppole----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

512A: | | | | | |

 Danabrook---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

512B: | | | | | |

 Danabrook---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

512C2: | | | | | |

 Danabrook---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | slope | low strength |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

527B: | | | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

527C2: | | | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | slope | |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

527D2: | | | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | slope | low strength | slope

 | | slope | | | |

 | | wetness | | | |

 | | | | | |

656B: | | | | | |

 Octagon-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | |

 Octagon-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | slope | |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 189

Table 12.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

662A: | | | | | |

 Barony------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

662B: | | | | | |

 Barony------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

662C2: | | | | | |

 Barony------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | slope | low strength |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

663A: | | | | | |

 Clare-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | |

 Clare-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

667A: | | | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

667B: | | | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

667C2: | | | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | slope | low strength |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

668A: | | | | | |

 Somonauk----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

668B: | | | | | |

 Somonauk----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

679A: | | | | | |

 Blackberry--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | |

 Blackberry--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |
190 Soil Survey of

Table 12.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

712A: | | | | | |

 Spaulding---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

715A: | | | | | |

 Arrowsmith--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

791A: | | | | | |

 Rush--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

791B: | | | | | |

 Rush--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

792A: | | | | | |

 Bowes-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

792B: | | | | | |

 Bowes-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

802B: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

830: | | | | | |

 Landfills. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

865: | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

3076A: | | | | | |

 Otter-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | low strength | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

3776A: | | | | | |

 Comfrey-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | low strength | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
De Kalb County, Illinois 191

Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

59A: | | | | |

 Lisbon-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

60C2: | | | | |

 La Rose----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight---------|Good

 | percs slowly | slope | | |

 | | | | |

60D2: | | | | |

 La Rose----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

62A: | | | | |

 Herbert----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Harpster---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | ponding | hard to pack

 | | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

68A: | | | | |

 Sable------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | hard to pack

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

103A: | | | | |

 Houghton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

104A: | | | | |

 Virgil-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

148A: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | | too clayey

 | | | | |

148B: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | | too clayey

 | | | | |

152A: | | | | |

 Drummer----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

154A: | | | | |

 Flanagan---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |
192 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

171A: | | | | |

 Catlin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

171B: | | | | |

 Catlin-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

193A: | | | | |

 Mayville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

193B: | | | | |

 Mayville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

193C2: | | | | |

 Mayville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

198A: | | | | |

 Elburn-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | seepage | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

206A: | | | | |

 Thorp------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

219A: | | | | |

 Millbrook--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

221B2: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

221C2: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

233A: | | | | |

 Birkbeck---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

233B: | | | | |

 Birkbeck---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 193

Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

236A: | | | | |

 Sabina-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

318D2: | | | | |

 Lorenzo----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | slope | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

325A: | | | | |

 Dresden----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | | thin layer

 | | | | |

325B: | | | | |

 Dresden----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

325C2: | | | | |

 Dresden----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

327B: | | | | |

 Fox--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

330A: | | | | |

 Peotone----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

344B: | | | | |

 Harvard----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | | too clayey

 | | | | |

348A: | | | | |

 Wingate----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

348B: | | | | |

 Wingate----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

348C2: | | | | |

 Wingate----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |
194 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

356A: | | | | |

 Elpaso-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

488A: | | | | |

 Hooppole---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | poor filter | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

512A: | | | | |

 Danabrook--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

512B: | | | | |

 Danabrook--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

512C2: | | | | |

 Danabrook--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | | |

527B: | | | | |

 Kidami-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

527C2: | | | | |

 Kidami-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

527D2: | | | | |

 Kidami-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

656B: | | | | |

 Octagon----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

656C2: | | | | |

 Octagon----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

662A: | | | | |

 Barony-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

662B: | | | | |

 Barony-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

662C2: | | | | |

 Barony-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 195

Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

663A: | | | | |

 Clare------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

663B: | | | | |

 Clare------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

667A: | | | | |

 Kaneville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

667B: | | | | |

 Kaneville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

667C2: | | | | |

 Kaneville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

668A: | | | | |

 Somonauk---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

668B: | | | | |

 Somonauk---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

679A: | | | | |

 Blackberry-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

679B: | | | | |

 Blackberry-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | seepage | wetness | too clayey

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

712A: | | | | |

 Spaulding--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | hard to pack

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

715A: | | | | |

 Arrowsmith-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

791A: | | | | |

 Rush-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | | thin layer

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

791B: | | | | |

 Rush-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | | thin layer

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |
196 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

792A: | | | | |

 Bowes------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | | thin layer

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

792B: | | | | |

 Bowes------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | | thin layer

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

802B: | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

830: | | | | |

 Landfills. | | | | |

 | | | | |

865: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | |

 | | | | |

3076A: | | | | |

 Otter------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | |

3776A: | | | | |

 Comfrey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
De Kalb County, Illinois 197

Table 14.--Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

59A: | | | |

 Lisbon------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

60C2: | | | |

 La Rose-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

60D2: | | | |

 La Rose-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

62A: | | | |

 Herbert-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Harpster----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

68A: | | | |

 Sable-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

103A: | | | |

 Houghton----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

104A: | | | |

 Virgil------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

148A: | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | | | |

148B: | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | | | |

152A: | | | |

 Drummer-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

154A: | | | |

 Flanagan----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |
198 Soil Survey of

Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

171A: | | | |

 Catlin------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

171B: | | | |

 Catlin------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

193A: | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

193B: | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

193C2: | | | |

 Mayville----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

198A: | | | |

 Elburn------------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | | too sandy | too clayey

 | | | |

206A: | | | |

 Thorp-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

219A: | | | |

 Millbrook---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

221B2: | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

221C2: | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

233A: | | | |

 Birkbeck----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

233B: | | | |

 Birkbeck----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

236A: | | | |

 Sabina------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 199

Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

318D2: | | | |

 Lorenzo-----------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

325A: | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

325B: | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

325C2: | | | |

 Dresden-----------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

327B: | | | |

 Fox---------------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

330A: | | | |

 Peotone-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

344B: | | | |

 Harvard-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | | | |

348A: | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

348B: | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | |

348C2: | | | |

 Wingate-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | |

356A: | | | |

 Elpaso------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

488A: | | | |

 Hooppole----------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | | too sandy | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
200 Soil Survey of

Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

512A: | | | |

 Danabrook---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | |

512B: | | | |

 Danabrook---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | |

512C2: | | | |

 Danabrook---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | |

527B: | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | |

527C2: | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

527D2: | | | |

 Kidami------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

656B: | | | |

 Octagon-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

656C2: | | | |

 Octagon-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

662A: | | | |

 Barony------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

662B: | | | |

 Barony------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

662C2: | | | |

 Barony------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 201

Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

663A: | | | |

 Clare-------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

663B: | | | |

 Clare-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

667A: | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

667B: | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

667C2: | | | |

 Kaneville---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

668A: | | | |

 Somonauk----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | |

668B: | | | |

 Somonauk----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | |

679A: | | | |

 Blackberry--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

679B: | | | |

 Blackberry--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

712A: | | | |

 Spaulding---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

715A: | | | |

 Arrowsmith--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

791A: | | | |

 Rush--------------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | low strength | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

791B: | | | |

 Rush--------------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | low strength | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

792A: | | | |

 Bowes-------------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | low strength | | | area reclaim

 | | | |
202 Soil Survey of

Table 14.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

792B: | | | |

 Bowes-------------------|Poor: |Probable----------|Probable----------|Poor:

 | low strength | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

802B: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy---------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

830: | | | |

 Landfills. | | | |

 | | | |

865: | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | |

 | | | |

3076A: | | | |

 Otter-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

3776A: | | | |

 Comfrey-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 15.--Water Management (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for on

 See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 59A: | | | | | |  Lisbon-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetnes | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 60C2: | | | | | |  La Rose----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 60D2: | | | | | |  La Rose----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Erodes  | slope | piping | no water | | | slope  | | | | | |  | | | | | | 62A: | | | | | |  Herbert----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | wetness | no water | | wetness | wetnes | | | | | |  | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | |  Harpster---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Erodes  | seepage | ponding | slow refill | ponding | | pondin | | | | | | 68A: | | | | | |  Sable------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Erodes  | seepage | ponding | slow refill | ponding | | pondin | | | | | | 103A: | | | | | |  Houghton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Soil blowing |Soil bl | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | subsides | ponding | pondin | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 104A: | | | | | |  Virgil-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | wetness | cutbanks cave| | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | 148A: | | | | | |  Proctor----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable-----|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 148B: | | | | | |  Proctor----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 152A: | | | | | |  Drummer----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Erodes e | seepage | ponding | cutbanks cave| ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | 154A: | | | | | |  Flanagan---------------|Slight |Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Wetness-------|Erodes e | | hard to pack | no water | | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 171A: | | | | | |  Catlin-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Favorable-----|Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 171B: | | | | | |  Catlin-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope---------|Erodes e | seepage | wetness | no water | slope | | wetness  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 193A: | | | | | |  Mayville---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetness  | | | | | | 193B: | | | | | |  Mayville---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | slope | slope | wetness  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 193C2: | | | | | |  Mayville---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | slope | slope | wetness  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 198A: | | | | | |  Elburn-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes e | seepage | wetness | slow refill | | | wetness  | | | | | | 206A: | | | | | |  Thorp------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Erodes e | seepage | ponding | slow refill | percs slowly | ponding | percs s | | | cutbanks cave| ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 219A: | | | | | |  Millbrook--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | wetness | cutbanks cave| | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | 221B2: | | | | | |  Parr-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Favorable-----|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetnes | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 221C2: | | | | | |  Parr-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slope---------|Slope---------|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetnes | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 233A: | | | | | |  Birkbeck---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetnes | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 233B: | | | | | |  Birkbeck---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | slope | slope | wetnes | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 236A: | | | | | |  Sabina-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | | wetness | no water | | wetness | wetnes | | | | | |  | | | | | | 318D2: | | | | | |  Lorenzo----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | droughty | too sa | slope | piping | | | |  | | | | | | 325A: | | | | | |  Dresden----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable-----|Too san | seepage | seepage | no water | | |  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | 325B: | | | | | |  Dresden----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable-----|Too san | seepage | seepage | no water | | |  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 325C2: | | | | | |  Dresden----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope---------|Too sand | seepage | seepage | no water | | |  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | 327B: | | | | | |  Fox--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable-----|Too sand | seepage | seepage | no water | | |  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | 330A: | | | | | |  Peotone----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Erodes e | | ponding | slow refill | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | 344B: | | | | | |  Harvard----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | | slope |  | | | | | | 348A: | | | | | |  Wingate----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 348B: | | | | | |  Wingate----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | slope | slope | wetness  | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 348C2: | | | | | |  Wingate----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | slope | slope | wetness  | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 356A: | | | | | |  Elpaso-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Erodes e | seepage | ponding | slow refill | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | 488A: | | | | | |  Hooppole---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Ponding | seepage | ponding | cutbanks cave| ponding | |  | | | | | | 512A: | | | | | |  Danabrook--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Favorable-----|Erodes e | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 512B: | | | | | |  Danabrook--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope---------|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | slope | | wetnes | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 512C2: | | | | | |  Danabrook--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope---------|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | slope | | wetnes | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 527B: | | | | | |  Kidami-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Favorable-----|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetnes | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 527C2: | | | | | |  Kidami-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slope---------|Slope---------|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetnes | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 527D2: | | | | | |  Kidami-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope---------|Slope---------|Erodes  | slope | piping | no water | | | slope  | | | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 656B: | | | | | |  Octagon----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Favorable-----|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetnes | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 656C2: | | | | | |  Octagon----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope---------|Slope---------|Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | | wetnes | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 662A: | | | | | |  Barony-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| | | wetnes | | | | | | 662B: | | | | | |  Barony-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | slope | wetnes | | | | | | 662C2: | | | | | |  Barony-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | slope | wetnes | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 663A: | | | | | |  Clare------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Favorable-----|Erodes  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| | | wetnes | | | | | | 663B: | | | | | |  Clare------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope---------|Erodes  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | | wetnes | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 667A: | | | | | |  Kaneville--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| | | wetnes | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 667B: | | | | | |  Kaneville--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | slope | wetnes | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 667C2: | | | | | |  Kaneville--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | slope | wetnes | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 668A: | | | | | |  Somonauk---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | slow refill | | | wetnes | | wetness | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 668B: | | | | | |  Somonauk---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | slow refill | slope | slope | wetnes | | wetness | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 679A: | | | | | |  Blackberry-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Frost action |Favorable-----|Erodes  | seepage | piping | slow refill | | | wetnes | | wetness | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 679B: | | | | | |  Blackberry-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Frost action |Slope---------|Erodes  | seepage | piping | slow refill | slope | | wetnes | slope | wetness | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 712A: | | | | | |  Spaulding--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Ponding-------|Erodes  | seepage | ponding | slow refill | ponding | | pondin | | hard to pack | | | |  | | | | | | 715A: | | | | | |  Arrowsmith-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Wetness-------|Erodes  | seepage | wetness | slow refill | | | wetnes | | | | | | 791A: | | | | | |  Rush-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 791B: | | | | | |  Rush-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 792A: | | | | | |  Bowes------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 792B: | | | | | |  Bowes------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes  | seepage | piping | no water | | |  | | | | | | 802B: | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes  | slope | piping | no water | | slope |  | | | | | | 830: | | | | | |  Landfills. | | | | | |  | | | | | | 865: | | | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | | | |  | | | | | | 3076A: | | | | | |  Otter------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Flooding |Flooding |Erodes  | seepage | ponding | slow refill | frost action | ponding | pondin | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 3776A: | | | | | |  Comfrey----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Flooding |Flooding |Ponding | seepage | ponding | slow refill | frost action | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties (Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 59A: | | | | | | | | |  Lisbon----------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 11-36 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 36-39 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|75-90  | 39-70 |Loam, sandy |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-98 |65-85  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 60C2: | | | | | | | | |  La Rose---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-100 | 7-21 |Clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-100 | 21-60 |Loam, silt loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|75-95  | | | | | | | | | 60D2: | | | | | | | | |  La Rose---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-100 | 7-20 |Clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-100 | 20-60 |Loam, silt loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|75-95  | | | | | | | | | 62A: | | | | | | | | |  Herbert---------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 8-12 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 12-26 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 26-36 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-90  | 36-60 |Loam, sandy |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-98 |65-85  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | | | | |  Harpster--------| 0-18 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-100 | 18-36 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-100 | 36-41 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 41-60 |Stratified |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | | sandy loam to | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | silt loam to | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 68A: | | | | | | | | |  Sable-----------| 0-19 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | 19-23 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | 23-47 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 47-60 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 103A: | | | | | | | | |  Houghton--------| 0-7 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 7-60 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 104A: | | | | | | | | |  Virgil----------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | 7-13 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | 13-49 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | 49-58 |Sandy loam, |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | | loam, silty | SC-SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 58-60 |Stratified |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|70-95  | | loamy sand to | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 148A: | | | | | | | | |  Proctor---------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-27 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 27-44 |Clay loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-95  | | sandy loam, | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 44-73 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |90-100|80-98 |65-95  | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 148B: | | | | | | | | |  Proctor---------| 0-12 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 12-29 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 29-48 |Clay loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-95  | | sandy loam, | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | 48-60 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |90-100|80-98 |65-95  | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 152A: | | | | | | | | |  Drummer---------| 0-14 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 14-41 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 41-47 |Loam, clay |CL, SC |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 47-60 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|80-98 |75-95  | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 154A: | | | | | | | | |  Flanagan--------| 0-18 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 18-38 |Silty clay |CL, CH, MH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 38-45 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 45-49 |Silt loam, loam|ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-100|75-90  | 49-60 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|70-90  | | | ML, SC-SM, | | | | | |  | | | SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 171A: | | | | | | | | |  Catlin----------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-44 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-49 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|70-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 49-60 |Loam, clay |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|70-90  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 171B: | | | | | | | | |  Catlin----------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-45 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 45-57 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|70-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 57-70 |Loam, clay |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|70-90  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 193A: | | | | | | | | |  Mayville--------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 8-12 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 12-24 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 24-31 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-7-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |85-100|80-96 |70-95  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 31-60 |Gravelly sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-5 |80-98 |70-95 |60-95  | | loam, loam, | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 193B: | | | | | | | | |  Mayville--------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | 6-8 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | 8-28 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 28-32 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-7-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |85-100|80-96 |70-95  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Gravelly sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-5 |80-98 |70-95 |60-95  | | loam, loam, | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 193C2: | | | | | | | | |  Mayville--------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | 6-24 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 24-34 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-7-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |85-100|80-96 |70-95  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 34-60 |Gravelly sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-5 |80-98 |70-95 |60-95  | | loam, loam, | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 198A: | | | | | | | | |  Elburn----------| 0-13 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100 | 13-44 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-65 |Loam, sandy |CL-ML, CL, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|60-90  | | loam, silty | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 65-80 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|60-90  | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 206A: | | | | | | | | |  Thorp-----------| 0-14 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 14-19 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 19-43 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 43-50 |Loam, clay |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 50-65 |Stratified |SC, SC-SM, SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |85-100|80-95 |65-85  | | loamy sand to | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 219A: | | | | | | | | |  Millbrook-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-12 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 12-26 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 26-41 |Clay loam, silt|CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|70-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 41-65 |Stratified |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|65-90  | | loamy sand to | SC, SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 221B2: | | | | | | | | |  Parr------------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|80-10 | 9-28 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 28-36 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-85  | 36-60 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-98 |70-85  | | | | | | | | | 221C2: | | | | | | | | |  Parr------------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|80-10 | 9-29 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 29-33 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|75-85  | 33-60 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-98 |70-85  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 233A: | | | | | | | | |  Birkbeck--------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | 8-11 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | 11-46 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 46-56 |Loam, silty |CL, SC-SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|70-90  | | clay loam, | SC, ML | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 56-60 |Loam, silt |CL, SC-SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|70-90  | | loam, clay | SC, ML | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 233B: | | | | | | | | |  Birkbeck--------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | 4-9 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | 9-54 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 100  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 54-60 |Loam, silty |CL, SC-SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|70-90  | | clay loam, | SC, ML | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 60-68 |Loam, silt |CL, SC-SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|70-90  | | loam, clay | SC, ML | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 236A: | | | | | | | | |  Sabina----------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 6-8 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-40 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 40-47 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |95-100|90-100|70-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 47-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-95 |70-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 318D2: | | | | | | | | |  Lorenzo---------| 0-8 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 8-18 |Loam, clay |CL, SC |A-2-6, A-6, | 0 | 5-10 |85-100|50-95 |35-85  | | loam, gravelly| | A-7 | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-60 |Stratified |GP, GP-GM, |A-1-a | 0 | 5-20 |25-80 |10-70 | 5-40  | | gravelly loamy| SP-SM, SP | | | | | |  | | sand to | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 325A: | | | | | | | | |  Dresden---------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 9-29 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|70-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 29-33 |Gravelly clay |CL, GC, SC |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-5 |60-100|40-100|35-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Stratified |GP, GP-GM, |A-1 | 0-5 | 5-35 |45-90 |15-70 |10-50  | | gravelly loamy| SP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | sand to | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 325B: | | | | | | | | |  Dresden---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 7-27 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|70-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 27-32 |Gravelly clay |CL, GC, SC |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-5 |60-100|40-100|35-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Stratified |GP, GP-GM, |A-1 | 0-5 | 5-35 |45-90 |15-70 |10-50  | | gravelly loamy| SP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | sand to | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 325C2: | | | | | | | | |  Dresden---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 7-26 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|70-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 26-30 |Gravelly clay |CL, GC, SC |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-5 |60-100|40-100|35-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-60 |Stratified |GP, GP-GM, |A-1 | 0-5 | 5-35 |45-90 |15-70 |10-50  | | gravelly loamy| SP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | sand to | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 327B: | | | | | | | | |  Fox-------------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|85-98  | 7-11 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|75-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 11-32 |Clay loam, |CL, GC, SC |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-5 |65-100|50-100|35-95  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Stratified |GP, GP-GM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0-3 | 0-10 |30-100|15-85 |10-70  | | gravelly sand | SP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | to extremely | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 330A: | | | | | | | | |  Peotone---------| 0-13 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 13-50 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7-6 | 0 | 0-3 |98-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 50-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 344B: | | | | | | | | |  Harvard---------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 9-30 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-56 |Clay loam, silt|CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-3 |95-100|85-100|75-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 56-69 |Stratified sand|CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-98 |40-90  | | to clay loam | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 348A: | | | | | | | | |  Wingate---------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-12 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 12-30 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 30-47 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-98 |90-98 |70-95  | 47-60 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |85-98 |85-98 |70-95  | | | | | | | | | 348B: | | | | | | | | |  Wingate---------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-12 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 12-27 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 27-52 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-98 |90-98 |70-95  | 52-60 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |85-98 |85-98 |70-95  | | | | | | | | | 348C2: | | | | | | | | |  Wingate---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 7-25 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 25-46 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-98 |90-98 |70-95  | 46-60 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |85-98 |85-98 |70-95  | | | | | | | | | 356A: | | | | | | | | |  Elpaso----------| 0-21 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 21-44 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-69 |Clay loam, silt|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|80-10 | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 69-80 |Clay loam, silt|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|75-10 | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 488A: | | | | | | | | |  Hooppole--------| 0-17 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-10 | 17-44 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-60 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2-4, A-3 | 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|30-75  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 512A: | | | | | | | | |  Danabrook-------| 0-19 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 19-34 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 34-53 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|80-98 |75-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 53-60 |Loam, sandy |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-98 |65-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 512B: | | | | | | | | |  Danabrook-------| 0-13 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 13-33 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 33-50 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|80-98 |75-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 50-60 |Loam, sandy |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-98 |65-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 512C2: | | | | | | | | |  Danabrook-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 8-27 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 27-40 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|80-98 |75-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 40-65 |Loam, sandy |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-98 |65-90  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 527B: | | | | | | | | |  Kidami----------| 0-3 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 3-10 |Silt loam, loam|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 10-37 |Loam, clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-98 |75-95  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 37-45 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|80-98 |70-90  | 45-60 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-95 |65-90  | | loam | ML, SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 527C2: | | | | | | | | |  Kidami----------| 0-9 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 9-30 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-98 |75-95  | 30-40 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|80-98 |70-90  | 40-60 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-95 |65-90  | | loam | ML, SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 527D2: | | | | | | | | |  Kidami----------| 0-10 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-95  | 10-27 |Loam, clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-98 |75-95  | 27-35 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|80-98 |70-90  | 35-60 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-95 |65-90  | | loam | ML, SC | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 656B: | | | | | | | | |  Octagon---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|80-10 | 7-30 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|70-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 30-60 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-98 |65-95  | | | | | | | | | 656C2: | | | | | | | | |  Octagon---------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|80-10 | 7-29 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|70-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 29-60 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |90-100|80-98 |65-95  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 662A: | | | | | | | | |  Barony----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|95-10 | 9-13 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|95-10 | 13-26 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 26-57 |Clay loam, silt|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-98 |75-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 57-80 |Stratified sand|CL, ML, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |40-90  | | to clay loam | SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 662B: | | | | | | | | |  Barony----------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|95-10 | 8-34 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 34-54 |Clay loam, silt|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-98 |75-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 54-85 |Stratified sand|CL, ML, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |40-90  | | to clay loam | SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 662C2: | | | | | | | | |  Barony----------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|95-10 | 7-32 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-47 |Clay loam, silt|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-3 |95-100|80-98 |75-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 47-60 |Stratified sand|CL, ML, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-95 |40-90  | | to clay loam | SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 663A: | | | | | | | | |  Clare-----------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-32 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 32-61 |Clay loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-10 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 61-80 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |85-100|70-98 |50-95  | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 663B: | | | | | | | | |  Clare-----------| 0-14 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 14-36 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 36-44 |Clay loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-10 | | sandy loam, | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-66 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |85-100|70-98 |50-95  | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 667A: | | | | | | | | |  Kaneville-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-42 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 42-56 |Clay loam, silt|CL-ML, CL, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-90  | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 56-80 |Stratified clay|SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-98 |55-90  | | loam to loamy | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 667B: | | | | | | | | |  Kaneville-------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-44 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-52 |Clay loam, silt|CL-ML, CL, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-90  | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 52-80 |Stratified clay|SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-98 |55-90  | | loam to loamy | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 667C2: | | | | | | | | |  Kaneville-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-41 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 41-50 |Clay loam, silt|CL-ML, CL, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-90  | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 50-60 |Stratified clay|SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-98 |55-90  | | loam to loamy | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 668A: | | | | | | | | |  Somonauk--------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 4-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-34 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 34-70 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 70-80 |Stratified silt|CL, SC, GM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|70-98 |50-90  | | loam to | GC | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 668B: | | | | | | | | |  Somonauk--------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-26 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 26-55 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-3 |90-100|85-100|60-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 55-60 |Stratified silt|CL, SC, GM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|70-98 |50-90  | | loam to | GC | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 679A: | | | | | | | | |  Blackberry------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-52 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 52-68 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|70-100|60-90  | | gravelly clay | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 68-80 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|65-100|60-90  | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 679B: | | | | | | | | |  Blackberry------| 0-16 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 16-47 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 47-62 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|70-100|60-90  | | gravelly clay | SC-SM, SC | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 62-70 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|65-100|60-90  | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 712A: | | | | | | | | |  Spaulding-------| 0-22 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 22-38 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 38-44 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-80 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | | | | | | | 715A: | | | | | | | | |  Arrowsmith------| 0-12 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | 12-39 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 39-60 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |98-10 | | | | | | | | | 791A: | | | | | | | | |  Rush------------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 4-11 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 11-38 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 38-45 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-2-6, A-6 | 0 | 1-5 |80-100|50-100|40-90  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 45-60 |Stratified |GP, GP-GM, |A-1-a | 0-1 | 1-5 |30-85 |15-75 |10-40  | | extremely | SP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 791B: | | | | | | | | |  Rush------------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 7-35 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 35-46 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-2-6, A-6 | 0 | 1-5 |80-100|50-100|40-90  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 46-60 |Stratified |GP, GP-GM, |A-1-a | 0-1 | 1-5 |30-85 |15-75 |10-40  | | extremely | SP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 792A: | | | | | | | | |  Bowes-----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 9-13 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 13-43 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 43-51 |Gravelly clay |CL, SM, ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-2 | 0-20 |45-90 |30-80 |25-75  | | loam, gravelly| SC | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 51-61 |Stratified |GP, GP-GM, |A-1 | 0-2 | 5-35 |30-85 |15-80 |10-50  | | extremely | SP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 792B: | | | | | | | | |  Bowes-----------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 7-37 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 37-43 |Gravelly clay |CL, SM, ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-2 | 0-20 |45-90 |30-80 |25-75  | | loam, gravelly| SC | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | |  | 43-60 |Stratified |GP, GP-GM, |A-1 | 0-2 | 5-35 |30-85 |15-80 |10-50  | | extremely | SP, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 16.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 802B: | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy-| 0-8 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|80-95  | 8-60 |Loam, silt |CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|80-100|75-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 830: | | | | | | | | |  Landfills. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 865: | | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 3076A: | | | | | | | | |  Otter-----------| 0-27 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 27-41 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 41-65 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|55-95  | | sandy loam, | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 3776A: | | | | | | | | |  Comfrey---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | 7-26 |Clay loam, loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-10 | 26-63 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|70-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils (Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and "Wind 

 apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 59A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Lisbon--------------| 0-11 | 0-15| 58-80| 20-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 11-36 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 36-39 | 20-45| 21-53| 20-34|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 39-70 | 25-55| 25-50| 15-25|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 60C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  La Rose-------------| 0-7 | 20-40| 33-60| 18-27|1.10-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 |  | 7-21 | 20-45| 20-50| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 |  | 21-60 | 20-50| 28-65| 15-25|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 60D2: | | | | | | | | | | |  La Rose-------------| 0-7 | 20-40| 33-60| 18-27|1.10-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 |  | 7-20 | 20-45| 20-50| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 |  | 20-60 | 20-50| 28-65| 15-25|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 62A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Herbert-------------| 0-8 | 0-15| 58-80| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 8-12 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 |  | 12-26 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 26-36 | 20-45| 20-50| 22-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 36-60 | 25-55| 25-50| 15-25|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Harpster------------| 0-18 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.05-1.25| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .24 |  | 18-36 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 36-41 | 0-30| 35-78| 22-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 41-60 | 5-55| 15-80| 15-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-6.0 |0.11-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 68A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Sable---------------| 0-19 | 0-7 | 58-73| 27-35|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 5.0-6.0 | .24 |  | 19-23 | 0-7 | 58-73| 27-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 23-47 | 0-7 | 58-76| 24-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 47-60 | 0-7 | 65-80| 20-28|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .49 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 103A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Houghton------------| 0-7 | --- | --- | --- |0.20-0.35| 0.2-6.0 |0.35-0.45| --- | 70-99 | --- |  | 7-60 | --- | --- | --- |0.15-0.25| 0.2-6.0 |0.35-0.45| --- | 70-99 | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 104A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Virgil--------------| 0-7 | 0-10| 63-85| 15-27|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 7-13 | 0-10| 63-85| 15-27|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .43 |  | 13-49 | 0-10| 55-73| 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 49-58 | 15-60| 10-70| 15-30|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 58-60 | 20-80| 0-75| 5-30|1.45-1.75| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 148A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Proctor-------------| 0-11 | 0-15| 58-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 11-27 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 27-44 | 15-70| 5-67| 18-35|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 44-73 | 15-85| 0-80| 5-25|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.07-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 148B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Proctor-------------| 0-12 | 0-15| 58-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 12-29 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 29-48 | 15-70| 5-67| 18-35|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 48-60 | 15-85| 0-80| 5-25|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.07-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 152A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Drummer-------------| 0-14 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .24 |  | 14-41 | 0-15| 50-80| 20-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 41-47 | 15-55| 12-70| 15-33|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 47-60 | 15-80| 0-75| 10-32|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 154A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Flanagan------------| 0-18 | 0-10| 66-85| 15-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.5-5.0 | .28 |  | 18-38 | 0-7 | 53-65| 35-42|1.30-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.17-0.21| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.5 | .37 |  | 38-45 | 0-7 | 58-75| 25-35|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.21| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.5 | .43 |  | 45-49 | 15-35| 45-70| 20-27|1.55-1.75| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 49-60 | 30-50| 28-50| 18-27|1.65-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 171A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Catlin--------------| 0-11 | 0-8 | 65-82| 18-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.23-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 2.5-4.0 | .28 |  | 11-44 | 0-8 | 57-76| 24-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.5 | .37 |  | 44-49 | 20-45| 20-53| 20-35|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 49-60 | 20-50| 28-50| 10-27|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 171B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Catlin--------------| 0-11 | 0-8 | 65-82| 18-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.23-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 2.5-4.0 | .28 |  | 11-45 | 0-8 | 57-76| 24-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.5 | .37 |  | 45-57 | 20-45| 20-53| 20-35|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 57-70 | 20-50| 28-50| 10-27|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 193A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Mayville------------| 0-8 | 2-15| 60-88| 10-25|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 8-12 | 2-15| 60-88| 10-25|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.19-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .49 |  | 12-24 | 2-15| 50-73| 25-35|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 24-31 | 25-65| 5-52| 20-32|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 31-60 | 30-70| 5-50| 10-25|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 193B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Mayville------------| 0-6 | 2-15| 60-88| 10-25|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 6-8 | 2-15| 60-88| 10-25|1.45-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.19-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .49 |  | 8-28 | 2-15| 50-73| 25-35|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 28-32 | 25-65| 5-52| 20-32|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 32-60 | 30-70| 5-50| 10-25|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 193C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Mayville------------| 0-6 | 2-15| 60-88| 10-25|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .43 |  | 6-24 | 2-15| 50-73| 25-35|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 24-34 | 25-65| 5-52| 20-32|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 34-60 | 30-70| 5-50| 10-25|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 198A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Elburn--------------| 0-13 | 0-10| 63-78| 22-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 13-44 | 0-10| 55-75| 25-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 44-65 | 15-70| 0-70| 15-30|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .32 |  | 65-80 | 15-80| 5-83| 2-15|1.50-1.75| 0.6-6.0 |0.06-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 206A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Thorp---------------| 0-14 | 0-10| 63-80| 20-27|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .28 |  | 14-19 | 0-10| 65-82| 18-25|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .43 |  | 19-43 | 0-10| 55-78| 22-35|1.35-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 43-50 | 10-55| 15-72| 18-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 50-65 | 15-80| 0-80| 5-30|1.50-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.1 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 219A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Millbrook-----------| 0-8 | 0-15| 58-82| 18-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 8-12 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 |  | 12-26 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 |  | 26-41 | 15-60| 8-67| 18-32|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 41-65 | 20-85| 0-70| 10-30|1.50-1.75| 0.6-6.0 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 221B2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Parr----------------| 0-9 | 5-35| 50-80| 12-25|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 |  | 9-28 | 10-50| 20-65| 22-35|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 28-36 | 30-50| 25-50| 20-25|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 36-60 | 35-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 221C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Parr----------------| 0-9 | 5-35| 50-80| 12-25|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 |  | 9-29 | 10-50| 20-65| 22-35|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 29-33 | 30-50| 25-50| 20-25|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 33-60 | 35-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 233A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Birkbeck------------| 0-8 | 0-10| 63-85| 15-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.29| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-4.5 | .43 |  | 8-11 | 0-10| 63-85| 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.5 | .49 |  | 11-46 | 0-10| 55-74| 26-35|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .37 |  | 46-56 | 20-40| 33-60| 20-27|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 56-60 | 30-40| 33-53| 17-27|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 233B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Birkbeck------------| 0-4 | 0-10| 63-85| 15-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.29| 0.0-2.9 | 1.5-4.5 | .43 |  | 4-9 | 0-10| 63-85| 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.5 | .49 |  | 9-54 | 0-10| 55-74| 26-35|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .37 |  | 54-60 | 20-40| 33-60| 20-27|1.45-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 60-68 | 30-40| 33-53| 17-27|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 236A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Sabina--------------| 0-6 | 0-10| 63-80| 20-27|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 6-8 | 0-10| 65-82| 18-25|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .49 |  | 8-40 | 0-10| 48-65| 35-42|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 |  | 40-47 | 15-35| 30-65| 20-35|1.50-1.75| 0.6-2.0 |0.14-0.17| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 47-80 | 20-40| 28-70| 15-32|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 318D2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Lorenzo-------------| 0-8 | 20-40| 33-55| 18-27|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 |  | 8-18 | 30-80| 5-50| 20-35|1.60-1.70| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .28 |  | 18-60 | 85-99| 0-14| 1-5 |1.60-1.80| 20-100 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .02 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 325A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Dresden-------------| 0-9 | 2-30| 50-80| 18-27|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 9-29 | 5-50| 20-70| 25-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 29-33 | 30-70| 5-50| 20-30|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | 33-60 | 80-99| 0-19| 1-5 |1.60-1.70| 20-100 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .02 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 325B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Dresden-------------| 0-7 | 2-30| 50-80| 18-27|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 7-27 | 5-50| 20-70| 25-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 27-32 | 30-70| 5-50| 20-30|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | 32-60 | 80-99| 0-19| 1-5 |1.60-1.70| 20-100 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .02 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 325C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Dresden-------------| 0-7 | 2-30| 50-80| 18-27|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 |  | 7-26 | 5-50| 20-70| 25-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 26-30 | 30-70| 5-50| 20-30|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.08-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | 30-60 | 80-99| 0-19| 1-5 |1.60-1.70| 20-100 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .02 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 327B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Fox-----------------| 0-7 | 5-30| 50-85| 10-22|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 |  | 7-11 | 5-30| 50-77| 18-35|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 11-32 | 20-75| 5-50| 18-35|1.55-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | 32-60 | 90-98| 0-10| 0-2 |1.30-1.70| 20-100 |0.02-0.07| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .02 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 330A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Peotone-------------| 0-13 | 0-10| 50-67| 33-40|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .24 |  | 13-50 | 0-10| 45-65| 35-45|1.30-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .37 |  | 50-60 | 0-20| 38-75| 25-42|1.40-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 344B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Harvard-------------| 0-9 | 0-15| 58-80| 20-27|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 9-30 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 30-56 | 15-60| 10-70| 15-35|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 56-69 | 30-87| 0-65| 5-30|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 348A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Wingate-------------| 0-9 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.30-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 9-12 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 |  | 12-30 | 0-15| 50-76| 24-35|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 30-47 | 20-50| 20-60| 20-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 47-60 | 25-50| 23-60| 15-27|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 348B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Wingate-------------| 0-9 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.30-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 9-12 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 |  | 12-27 | 0-15| 50-76| 24-35|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 27-52 | 20-50| 20-60| 20-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 52-60 | 25-50| 23-60| 15-27|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 348C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Wingate-------------| 0-7 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.30-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .37 |  | 7-25 | 0-15| 50-76| 24-35|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 25-46 | 20-50| 20-60| 20-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 46-60 | 25-50| 23-60| 15-27|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 356A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Elpaso--------------| 0-21 | 1-10| 55-72| 27-35|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .24 |  | 21-44 | 1-10| 50-75| 24-40|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-2.0 | .37 |  | 44-69 | 2-30| 30-83| 15-40|1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 69-80 | 2-30| 40-83| 15-30|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.15| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 488A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Hooppole------------| 0-17 | 20-45| 28-50| 20-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .24 |  | 17-44 | 20-40| 25-55| 25-35|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 |  | 44-60 | 75-95| 0-23| 2-12|1.65-1.80| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .05 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 512A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Danabrook-----------| 0-19 | 0-15| 58-82| 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 19-34 | 0-15| 50-76| 24-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 34-53 | 25-50| 10-50| 20-34|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 53-60 | 35-60| 20-45| 15-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 512B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Danabrook-----------| 0-13 | 0-15| 58-82| 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 13-33 | 0-15| 50-76| 24-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 33-50 | 25-50| 10-50| 20-34|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 50-60 | 35-60| 20-45| 15-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 512C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Danabrook-----------| 0-8 | 0-15| 58-82| 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 8-27 | 0-15| 50-76| 24-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 27-40 | 25-50| 10-50| 20-34|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 40-65 | 35-60| 20-45| 15-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 527B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Kidami--------------| 0-3 | 10-30| 50-80| 10-24|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 |  | 3-10 | 10-45| 31-80| 10-24|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 10-37 | 15-45| 21-65| 20-34|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 37-45 | 30-45| 28-53| 17-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 45-60 | 35-60| 20-50| 15-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 527C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Kidami--------------| 0-9 | 20-45| 31-55| 10-24|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 9-30 | 25-45| 21-55| 20-34|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 30-40 | 30-45| 28-53| 17-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 40-60 | 35-60| 20-50| 15-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 527D2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Kidami--------------| 0-10 | 20-45| 31-55| 10-24|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 10-27 | 25-45| 21-55| 20-34|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 27-35 | 30-45| 28-53| 17-27|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 35-60 | 35-60| 20-50| 15-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 656B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Octagon-------------| 0-7 | 10-35| 50-75| 15-27|1.30-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 7-30 | 10-45| 21-65| 22-34|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | 30-60 | 35-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 656C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Octagon-------------| 0-7 | 10-35| 50-75| 15-27|1.30-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 |  | 7-29 | 10-45| 21-65| 22-34|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | 29-60 | 35-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 662A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Barony--------------| 0-9 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 9-13 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 |  | 13-26 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 26-57 | 15-60| 10-70| 15-32|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 57-80 | 20-90| 0-75| 5-28|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 662B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Barony--------------| 0-8 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 8-34 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 34-54 | 15-60| 10-70| 15-32|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 54-85 | 20-90| 0-75| 5-28|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 662C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Barony--------------| 0-7 | 0-15| 58-85| 15-27|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .37 |  | 7-32 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 32-47 | 15-60| 10-70| 15-32|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 47-60 | 20-90| 0-75| 5-28|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.15| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 663A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Clare---------------| 0-11 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 11-32 | 0-10| 55-75| 25-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 32-61 | 15-45| 23-67| 18-32|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 61-80 | 15-80| 0-80| 5-20|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.07-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .24 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 663B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Clare---------------| 0-14 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 14-36 | 0-10| 55-75| 25-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 36-44 | 15-45| 23-67| 18-32|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 44-66 | 15-80| 0-80| 5-20|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.07-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .24 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 667A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Kaneville-----------| 0-8 | 0-10| 63-85| 15-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 8-42 | 0-10| 56-75| 25-34|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 42-56 | 15-60| 8-70| 15-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 56-80 | 20-80| 0-70| 10-30|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.07-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 667B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Kaneville-----------| 0-9 | 0-10| 63-85| 15-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 9-44 | 0-10| 56-75| 25-34|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 44-52 | 15-60| 8-70| 15-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 52-80 | 20-80| 0-70| 10-30|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.07-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 667C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Kaneville-----------| 0-8 | 0-10| 63-85| 15-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .37 |  | 8-41 | 0-10| 56-75| 25-34|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 41-50 | 15-60| 8-70| 15-32|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 50-60 | 20-80| 0-70| 10-30|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.07-0.11| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 668A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Somonauk------------| 0-4 | 0-10| 63-86| 14-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 4-9 | 0-10| 63-86| 14-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .49 |  | 9-34 | 0-10| 55-78| 22-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.14-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 34-70 | 15-70| 5-70| 15-32|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 70-80 | 20-90| 0-75| 5-20|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.07-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 668B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Somonauk------------| 0-9 | 0-10| 63-86| 14-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 9-26 | 0-10| 55-78| 22-35|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.14-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 26-55 | 15-70| 5-70| 15-32|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 55-60 | 20-90| 0-75| 5-20|1.55-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.07-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 679A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Blackberry----------| 0-11 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 11-52 | 0-10| 55-75| 25-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 52-68 | 15-60| 5-70| 15-35|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 68-80 | 15-80| 0-80| 5-30|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 679B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Blackberry----------| 0-16 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 16-47 | 0-10| 55-75| 25-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 47-62 | 15-60| 5-70| 15-35|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .32 |  | 62-70 | 15-80| 0-80| 5-30|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6.0 |0.05-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 712A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Spaulding-----------| 0-22 | 0-7 | 58-73| 27-35|1.05-1.25| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .24 |  | 22-38 | 0-7 | 58-75| 25-35|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 38-44 | 0-7 | 58-78| 22-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 44-80 | 0-7 | 66-80| 20-27|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .49 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 715A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Arrowsmith----------| 0-12 | 0-7 | 66-80| 20-27|1.20-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 12-39 | 0-7 | 58-76| 24-35|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 39-60 | 0-7 | 66-80| 20-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .49 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 791A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Rush----------------| 0-4 | 0-15| 58-88| 12-27|1.20-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 4-11 | 0-15| 58-88| 12-27|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.23| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .49 |  | 11-38 | 0-15| 51-78| 22-34|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 38-45 | 25-75| 5-50| 18-30|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .28 |  | 45-60 | 85-98| 0-13| 2-6 |1.60-1.80| 20-100 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .02 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 791B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Rush----------------| 0-7 | 0-15| 58-88| 12-27|1.20-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 7-35 | 0-15| 51-78| 22-34|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 35-46 | 25-75| 5-50| 18-30|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .28 |  | 46-60 | 85-98| 0-13| 2-6 |1.60-1.80| 20-100 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .02 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 792A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Bowes---------------| 0-9 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 9-13 | 0-10| 65-85| 15-25|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.21-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .43 |  | 13-43 | 0-10| 55-73| 27-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 |  | 43-51 | 30-85| 2-50| 10-30|1.55-1.75| 0.6-6.0 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | 51-61 | 80-98| 0-18| 2-10|1.60-1.80| 20-100 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .02 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 792B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Bowes---------------| 0-7 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.25| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .37 |  | 7-37 | 0-10| 55-73| 27-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 |  | 37-43 | 30-85| 2-50| 10-30|1.55-1.75| 0.6-6.0 |0.10-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | 43-60 | 80-98| 0-18| 2-10|1.60-1.80| 20-100 |0.02-0.04| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .02 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 802B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy-----| 0-8 | 23-52| 28-50| 22-27|1.70-1.75| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 |  | 8-60 | 20-52| 25-58| 22-30|1.70-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 830: | | | | | | | | | | |  Landfills. | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 865: | | | | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 3076A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Otter---------------| 0-27 | 0-15| 58-82| 18-27|1.10-1.25| 0.6-2.0 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .32 |  | 27-41 | 0-25| 46-82| 18-29|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.17-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .49 |  | 41-65 | 15-55| 17-70| 15-28|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .49 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 3776A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Comfrey-------------| 0-7 | 15-45| 28-55| 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .32 |  | 7-26 | 15-45| 20-55| 18-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .32 |  | 26-63 | 15-55| 10-55| 15-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
238 Soil Survey of

Table 18.--Chemical Properties of the Soils

(Absence of an entry indicates that data were not

 estimated.)

__________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate __________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

59A: | | | |

 Lisbon---------------| 0-11 | 18-27 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 11-36 | 16-25 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 36-39 | 12-22 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 39-70 | 9.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |

60C2: | | | |

 La Rose--------------| 0-7 | 13-20 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 7-21 | 13-20 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-20

 | 21-60 | 7.0-14 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |

60D2: | | | |

 La Rose--------------| 0-7 | 13-20 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 7-20 | 13-20 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-20

 | 20-60 | 7.0-14 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |

62A: | | | |

 Herbert--------------| 0-8 | 15-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-12 | 10-18 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 12-26 | 15-23 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 26-36 | 13-22 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 36-60 | 9.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Harpster-------------| 0-18 | 24-33 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | 18-36 | 17-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40

 | 36-41 | 14-23 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40

 | 41-60 | 9.0-19 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

68A: | | | |

 Sable----------------| 0-19 | 26-33 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 19-23 | 20-29 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 23-47 | 15-23 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 47-60 | 12-18 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30

 | | | |

103A: | | | |

 Houghton-------------| 0-7 | 140-200 | 4.5-7.8 | 0

 | 7-60 | 100-200 | 4.5-7.8 | 0

 | | | |

104A: | | | |

 Virgil---------------| 0-7 | 13-24 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 7-13 | 9.0-17 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 13-49 | 16-23 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 49-58 | 9.0-19 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 58-60 | 6.0-19 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

148A: | | | |

 Proctor--------------| 0-11 | 16-24 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 11-27 | 16-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 27-44 | 11-23 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 44-73 | 3.0-16 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | |

148B: | | | |

 Proctor--------------| 0-12 | 16-24 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 12-29 | 16-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 29-48 | 11-23 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 48-60 | 3.0-16 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 239

Table 18.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate __________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

152A: | | | |

 Drummer--------------| 0-14 | 24-35 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 14-41 | 13-25 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 41-47 | 9.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 47-60 | 6.0-20 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-40

 | | | |

154A: | | | |

 Flanagan-------------| 0-18 | 16-32 | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 18-38 | 22-35 | 5.6-6.5 | 0

 | 38-45 | 16-27 | 6.1-6.5 | 0

 | 45-49 | 6.0-18 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 49-60 | 4.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30

 | | | |

171A: | | | |

 Catlin---------------| 0-11 | 17-24 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 11-44 | 14-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 44-49 | 12-22 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 49-60 | 4.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25

 | | | |

171B: | | | |

 Catlin---------------| 0-11 | 17-24 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 11-45 | 14-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 45-57 | 12-22 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 57-70 | 4.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25

 | | | |

193A: | | | |

 Mayville-------------| 0-8 | 8.0-21 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-12 | 7.0-17 | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 12-24 | 15-22 | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 24-31 | 12-20 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 31-60 | 6.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-30

 | | | |

193B: | | | |

 Mayville-------------| 0-6 | 8.0-21 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 6-8 | 7.0-17 | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 8-28 | 15-22 | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 28-32 | 12-20 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 32-60 | 6.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-30

 | | | |

193C2: | | | |

 Mayville-------------| 0-6 | 8.0-19 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 6-24 | 15-22 | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 24-34 | 12-20 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 34-60 | 6.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 1-30

 | | | |

198A: | | | |

 Elburn---------------| 0-13 | 21-26 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 13-44 | 16-25 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 44-65 | 9.0-18 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 65-80 | 1.0-9.0 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

206A: | | | |

 Thorp----------------| 0-14 | 20-28 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 14-19 | 11-17 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 19-43 | 14-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 43-50 | 11-19 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 50-65 | 3.0-19 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |
240 Soil Survey of

Table 18.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate __________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

219A: | | | |

 Millbrook------------| 0-8 | 15-24 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 8-12 | 10-18 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 12-26 | 15-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 26-41 | 11-20 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 41-65 | 6.0-19 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

221B2: | | | |

 Parr-----------------| 0-9 | 10-19 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-28 | 11-19 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 28-36 | 10-14 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 36-60 | 5.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-35

 | | | |

221C2: | | | |

 Parr-----------------| 0-9 | 10-19 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-29 | 11-19 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 29-33 | 10-14 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 33-60 | 5.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-35

 | | | |

233A: | | | |

 Birkbeck-------------| 0-8 | 11-28 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-11 | 9.0-24 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 11-46 | 16-29 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 46-56 | 9.0-19 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 56-60 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25

 | | | |

233B: | | | |

 Birkbeck-------------| 0-4 | 11-28 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 4-9 | 9.0-24 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 9-54 | 16-29 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 54-60 | 9.0-19 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 60-68 | 8.0-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25

 | | | |

236A: | | | |

 Sabina---------------| 0-6 | 14-22 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 6-8 | 11-17 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-40 | 28-41 | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 40-47 | 12-22 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 47-80 | 9.0-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-25

 | | | |

318D2: | | | |

 Lorenzo--------------| 0-8 | 13-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-18 | 10-20 | 5.6-7.8 | 15-35

 | 18-60 | 0.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |

325A: | | | |

 Dresden--------------| 0-9 | 13-22 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-29 | 14-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 29-33 | 10-16 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | 33-60 | 0.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |

325B: | | | |

 Dresden--------------| 0-7 | 13-22 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-27 | 14-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 27-32 | 10-16 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | 32-60 | 0.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |

325C2: | | | |

 Dresden--------------| 0-7 | 13-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-26 | 14-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 26-30 | 10-16 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | 30-60 | 0.0-4.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 241

Table 18.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate __________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

327B: | | | |

 Fox------------------| 0-7 | 8.0-20 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 7-11 | 11-22 | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 11-32 | 10-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-30

 | 32-60 | 0.0-3.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-45

 | | | |

330A: | | | |

 Peotone--------------| 0-13 | 30-38 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 13-50 | 22-33 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 50-60 | 15-26 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | |

344B: | | | |

 Harvard--------------| 0-9 | 16-24 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 9-30 | 15-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 30-56 | 9.0-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 56-69 | 3.0-19 | 5.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

348A: | | | |

 Wingate--------------| 0-9 | 13-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-12 | 10-20 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 12-30 | 15-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 30-47 | 12-19 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 47-60 | 9.0-17 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

348B: | | | |

 Wingate--------------| 0-9 | 13-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-12 | 10-20 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 12-27 | 15-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 27-52 | 12-19 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 52-60 | 9.0-17 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

348C2: | | | |

 Wingate--------------| 0-7 | 13-22 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-25 | 15-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 25-46 | 12-19 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 46-60 | 9.0-17 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

356A: | | | |

 Elpaso---------------| 0-21 | 26-35 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 21-44 | 14-25 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 44-69 | 9.0-25 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 69-80 | 9.0-20 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30

 | | | |

488A: | | | |

 Hooppole-------------| 0-17 | 20-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | 17-44 | 16-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 12-30

 | 44-60 | 1.0-8.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-30

 | | | |

512A: | | | |

 Danabrook------------| 0-19 | 19-26 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 19-34 | 15-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 34-53 | 12-21 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-20

 | 53-60 | 9.0-13 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |

512B: | | | |

 Danabrook------------| 0-13 | 19-26 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 13-33 | 15-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 33-50 | 12-21 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-20

 | 50-60 | 9.0-13 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |
242 Soil Survey of

Table 18.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate __________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

512C2: | | | |

 Danabrook------------| 0-8 | 17-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | 15-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 27-40 | 12-21 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-20

 | 40-65 | 9.0-13 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-40

 | | | |

527B: | | | |

 Kidami---------------| 0-3 | 7.0-18 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 3-10 | 6.0-14 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-37 | 10-19 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 37-45 | 8.0-15 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30

 | 45-60 | 7.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 25-40

 | | | |

527C2: | | | |

 Kidami---------------| 0-9 | 7.0-16 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 9-30 | 10-19 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 30-40 | 8.0-15 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30

 | 40-60 | 7.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 25-40

 | | | |

527D2: | | | |

 Kidami---------------| 0-10 | 7.0-16 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-27 | 10-19 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 27-35 | 8.0-15 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30

 | 35-60 | 7.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 25-40

 | | | |

656B: | | | |

 Octagon--------------| 0-7 | 11-22 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-30 | 12-19 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 30-60 | 5.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-35

 | | | |

656C2: | | | |

 Octagon--------------| 0-7 | 11-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-29 | 12-19 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 29-60 | 5.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-35

 | | | |

662A: | | | |

 Barony---------------| 0-9 | 13-24 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 9-13 | 10-18 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 13-26 | 16-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 26-57 | 9.0-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 57-80 | 3.0-10 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

662B: | | | |

 Barony---------------| 0-8 | 13-24 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 8-34 | 16-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 34-54 | 9.0-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 54-85 | 3.0-10 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

662C2: | | | |

 Barony---------------| 0-7 | 13-22 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 7-32 | 16-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 32-47 | 9.0-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 47-60 | 3.0-10 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

663A: | | | |

 Clare----------------| 0-11 | 17-26 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 11-32 | 16-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 32-61 | 11-21 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 61-80 | 3.0-13 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 243

Table 18.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate __________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

663B: | | | |

 Clare----------------| 0-14 | 17-26 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 14-36 | 16-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 36-44 | 11-21 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 44-66 | 3.0-13 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

667A: | | | |

 Kaneville------------| 0-8 | 13-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-42 | 17-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 42-56 | 9.0-20 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 56-80 | 6.0-18 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

667B: | | | |

 Kaneville------------| 0-9 | 13-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 9-44 | 17-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 44-52 | 9.0-20 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 52-80 | 6.0-18 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

667C2: | | | |

 Kaneville------------| 0-8 | 13-22 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-41 | 17-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 41-50 | 9.0-20 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 50-60 | 6.0-18 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

668A: | | | |

 Somonauk-------------| 0-4 | 10-22 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 4-9 | 9.0-18 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 9-34 | 13-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 34-70 | 9.0-20 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 70-80 | 3.0-13 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

668B: | | | |

 Somonauk-------------| 0-9 | 10-22 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 9-26 | 13-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 26-55 | 9.0-20 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 55-60 | 3.0-13 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

679A: | | | |

 Blackberry-----------| 0-11 | 17-26 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 11-52 | 15-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 52-68 | 9.0-22 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 68-80 | 3.0-19 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

679B: | | | |

 Blackberry-----------| 0-16 | 17-26 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 16-47 | 15-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 47-62 | 9.0-22 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 62-70 | 3.0-19 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

712A: | | | |

 Spaulding------------| 0-22 | 24-33 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | 22-38 | 17-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40

 | 38-44 | 14-23 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40

 | 44-80 | 12-17 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

715A: | | | |

 Arrowsmith-----------| 0-12 | 18-26 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 12-39 | 15-23 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 39-60 | 12-17 | 7.4-8.4 | 0-25

 | | | |
244 Soil Survey of

Table 18.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate __________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

791A: | | | |

 Rush-----------------| 0-4 | 9.0-22 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 4-11 | 8.0-18 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 11-38 | 15-23 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 38-45 | 9.0-20 | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 45-60 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-35

 | | | |

791B: | | | |

 Rush-----------------| 0-7 | 9.0-22 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 7-35 | 15-23 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 35-46 | 9.0-20 | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 46-60 | 1.0-5.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-35

 | | | |

792A: | | | |

 Bowes----------------| 0-9 | 16-24 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 9-13 | 9.0-20 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 13-43 | 16-23 | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 43-51 | 6.0-18 | 5.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 51-61 | 2.0-7.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

792B: | | | |

 Bowes----------------| 0-7 | 16-24 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 7-37 | 16-23 | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 37-43 | 6.0-18 | 5.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | 43-60 | 2.0-7.0 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

802B: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy------| 0-8 | 10-25 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 8-60 | 10-20 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

830: | | | |

 Landfills. | | | |

 | | | |

865: | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | |

 | | | |

3076A: | | | |

 Otter----------------| 0-27 | 16-30 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 27-41 | 12-23 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 41-65 | 10-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | |

3776A: | | | |

 Comfrey--------------| 0-7 | 20-30 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 7-26 | 12-29 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 26-63 | 10-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | __________________________________________________________
De Kalb County, Illinois 245

Table 19.--Water Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Estimates of the frequency of ponding and flooding apply to

 the whole year rather than to individual months. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a

 concern or that data were not estimated.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | | Ponding | Flooding

 | | | depth | | | _______________ ___________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-|Months | Upper | Lower |Kind of |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration |Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | water | | | |

 |group | | | | table | depth | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

59A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lisbon----------------| B |Jan-May|1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

60C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 La Rose---------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

60D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 La Rose---------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

62A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Herbert---------------| B |Jan-May|0.5-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harpster--------------| B |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

68A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sable-----------------| B |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

103A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Houghton--------------| A |Jan-Apr|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May-Jun|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |Jul-Oct| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | Nov |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | Dec |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

104A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Virgil----------------| B |Jan-May|0.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

148A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor---------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor---------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Drummer---------------| B |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

154A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Flanagan--------------| B |Jan-May|1.0-2.0|3.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

171A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Catlin----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

171B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Catlin----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |
246 Soil Survey of

Table 19.--Water Features--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | | Ponding | Flooding

 | | | depth | | | _______________ ___________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-|Months | Upper | Lower |Kind of |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration |Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | water | | | |

 |group | | | | table | depth | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

193A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mayville--------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

193B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mayville--------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

193C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mayville--------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

198A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elburn----------------| B |Jan-May|1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

206A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Thorp-----------------| C |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

219A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Millbrook-------------| B |Jan-May|0.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

221B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Parr------------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

221C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Parr------------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

233A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Birkbeck--------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-6.6|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

233B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Birkbeck--------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-6.6|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

236A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sabina----------------| C |Jan-May|0.5-2.0|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

318D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lorenzo---------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

325B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dresden---------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

325C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dresden---------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 247

Table 19.--Water Features--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | | Ponding | Flooding

 | | | depth | | | _______________ ___________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-|Months | Upper | Lower |Kind of |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration |Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | water | | | |

 |group | | | | table | depth | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

327B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fox-------------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Peotone---------------| B |Jan-Jun|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |Jul-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

344B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harvard---------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

348A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wingate---------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

348B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wingate---------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

348C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wingate---------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

356A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elpaso----------------| B |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

488A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hooppole--------------| B |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

512A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Danabrook-------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

512B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Danabrook-------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

512C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Danabrook-------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

527B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kidami----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

527C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kidami----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |
248 Soil Survey of

Table 19.--Water Features--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | | Ponding | Flooding

 | | | depth | | | _______________ ___________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-|Months | Upper | Lower |Kind of |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration |Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | water | | | |

 |group | | | | table | depth | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

527D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kidami----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

656B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Octagon---------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

656C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Octagon---------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

662A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Barony----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

662B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Barony----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

662C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Barony----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

663A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clare-----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

663B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clare-----------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

667A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kaneville-------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

667B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kaneville-------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

667C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kaneville-------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

668A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Somonauk--------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 249

Table 19.--Water Features--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | | Ponding | Flooding

 | | | depth | | | _______________ ___________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-|Months | Upper | Lower |Kind of |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration |Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | water | water | | | |

 |group | | | | table | depth | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Ft | Ft | | Ft | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

668B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Somonauk--------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

679A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blackberry------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

679B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blackberry------------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

712A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Spaulding-------------| B/D |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

715A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Arrowsmith------------| B |Jan-May|1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Jun-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

791A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rush------------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

791B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rush------------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

792A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bowes-----------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

792B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bowes-----------------| B |Jan-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

802B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-------| B | Jan | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Feb-Apr|3.5-5.0|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |May-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

830: | | | | | | | | | |

 Landfills. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

865: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

3076A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Otter-----------------| B |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | | Jun | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief | Frequent

 | |Jul-Oct| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Nov-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief | Frequent

 | | | | | | | | | |

3776A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Comfrey---------------| B |Jan-May|0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | | Jun | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief | Frequent

 | |Jul-Oct| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None

 | |Nov-Dec| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief | Frequent

 | | | | | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
250 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry

 indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not

 estimated.)

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

59A: | | | | |

 Lisbon-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

60C2: | | | | |

 La Rose----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Low

 | | | | |

60D2: | | | | |

 La Rose----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Low

 | | | | |

62A: | | | | |

 Herbert----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Harpster---------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | |

68A: | | | | |

 Sable------------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

103A: | | | | |

 Houghton---------------| 6-18 | 55-60 |High |High |High

 | | | | |

104A: | | | | |

 Virgil-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

148A: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------| 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

148B: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------| 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

152A: | | | | |

 Drummer----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

154A: | | | | |

 Flanagan---------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

171A: | | | | |

 Catlin-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

171B: | | | | |

 Catlin-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

193A: | | | | |

 Mayville---------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

193B: | | | | |

 Mayville---------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

193C2: | | | | |

 Mayville---------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

198A: | | | | |

 Elburn-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

206A: | | | | |

 Thorp------------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 251

Table 20.--Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

219A: | | | | |

 Millbrook--------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

221B2: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

221C2: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

233A: | | | | |

 Birkbeck---------------| 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | |

233B: | | | | |

 Birkbeck---------------| 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | |

236A: | | | | |

 Sabina-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | |

318D2: | | | | |

 Lorenzo----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

325A: | | | | |

 Dresden----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

325B: | | | | |

 Dresden----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

325C2: | | | | |

 Dresden----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

327B: | | | | |

 Fox--------------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

330A: | | | | |

 Peotone----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

344B: | | | | |

 Harvard----------------| 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

348A: | | | | |

 Wingate----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

348B: | | | | |

 Wingate----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

348C2: | | | | |

 Wingate----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

356A: | | | | |

 Elpaso-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

488A: | | | | |

 Hooppole---------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | |

512A: | | | | |

 Danabrook--------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

512B: | | | | |

 Danabrook--------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

512C2: | | | | |

 Danabrook--------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |
252 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

527B: | | | | |

 Kidami-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

527C2: | | | | |

 Kidami-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

527D2: | | | | |

 Kidami-----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

656B: | | | | |

 Octagon----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

656C2: | | | | |

 Octagon----------------| 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

662A: | | | | |

 Barony-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

662B: | | | | |

 Barony-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

662C2: | | | | |

 Barony-----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

663A: | | | | |

 Clare------------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

663B: | | | | |

 Clare------------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

667A: | | | | |

 Kaneville--------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

667B: | | | | |

 Kaneville--------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

667C2: | | | | |

 Kaneville--------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

668A: | | | | |

 Somonauk---------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

668B: | | | | |

 Somonauk---------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

679A: | | | | |

 Blackberry-------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

679B: | | | | |

 Blackberry-------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

712A: | | | | |

 Spaulding--------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | |

715A: | | | | |

 Arrowsmith-------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | |

791A: | | | | |

 Rush-------------------| 0 | --- |High |Moderate |High

 | | | | |

791B: | | | | |

 Rush-------------------| 0 | --- |High |Moderate |High

 | | | | |
De Kalb County, Illinois 253

Table 20.--Soil Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________

 | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | | for | Uncoated |

 |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _______________________________________________________________________________

 | In | In | | |

 | | | | |

792A: | | | | |

 Bowes------------------| 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

792B: | | | | |

 Bowes------------------| 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

802B: | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy--------| 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

830: | | | | |

 Landfills. | | | | |

 | | | | |

865: | | | | |

 Pits, gravel. | | | | |

 | | | | |

3076A: | | | | |

 Otter------------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | |

3776A: | | | | |

 Comfrey----------------| 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________
254

Table 21.--Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates that the soil is a taxadjunct to the series.

 See text for a description of those characteristics that are outside the range of

 the series.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | _______________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Arrowsmith---------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Barony-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Birkbeck-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Blackberry---------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Bowes--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

 Catlin-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Clare--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Comfrey------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Danabrook----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Dresden------------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, active,

 | mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

 Drummer------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Elburn-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Elpaso-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Flanagan-----------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Fox----------------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive,

 | mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Harpster-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

 Harvard------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

 Herbert------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Udollic Epiaqualfs

 Hooppole-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic

 | Endoaquolls

 Houghton-----------------|Euic, mesic Typic Haplosaprists

 Kaneville----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Kidami-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 La Rose------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Argiudolls

 Lisbon-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Lorenzo------------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, active,

 | mesic Typic Argiudolls

 Mayville-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Millbrook----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Udollic Endoaqualfs

 Octagon------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Orthents-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Oxyaquic

 | Udorthents

 Otter--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

*Parr---------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Peotone------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

 Proctor------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

 Rush---------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Sabina-------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Sable--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Somonauk-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Spaulding----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

 Thorp--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Argiaquic Argialbolls

 Virgil-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Udollic Endoaqualfs

 Wingate------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 | ________________________________________________________________________________________
Printing Soil Survey Maps 

The soil survey maps were made at a scale of 1:12000 and were designed to be

used at that scale. To print the maps at 1:12000 scale, set the view to Actual

Size from the View pull down menu.

Using the pan tool, go to the area you would like to print. Select the Graphic

Selection Tool by holding down the Text Selection Tool button and clicking on the

Graphic Selection Tool button.
Then using the Graphic Selection Tool drag a box around the area you would like

to print. Note dashed lines forming a box around area to print.

Select File Print. The Print Range will be set to Selected graphic. Click OK and

the map will be sent to the printer.

Descriptions of Special Features

Name Description Label

Blowout A small saucer-, cup-, or trough-shaped hollow or depression formed

by wind erosion on a preexisting sand deposit. Typically 0.2 acre to

2.0 acres.

BLO

Borrow pit An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have

been removed, usually for construction purposes. Typically 0.2 acre

to 2.0 acres.

BPI

Calcareous spot An area in which the soil contains carbonates in the surface layer.

The surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit is

noncalcareous. Typically 0.5 acre to 2.0 acres.

CSP

Clay spot A spot where the surface layer is silty clay or clay in areas where the

surface layer of the soils in the surrounding map unit is sandy loam,

loam, silt loam, or coarser. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

CLA

Depression, closed A shallow, saucer-shaped area that is slightly lower on the landscape

than the surrounding area and that does not have a natural outlet for

surface drainage. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

DEP

Disturbed soil spot An area in which the soil has been removed and materials

redeposited as a result of human activity. Typically 0.25 acre to 2.0

acres.

DSS

Dumps Areas of nonsoil material that support little or no vegetation.

Typically 0.5 acre to 2.0 acres.

DMP

Escarpment, bedrock A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, produced by erosion

or faulting, that breaks the general continuity of more gently sloping

land surfaces. Exposed material is hard or soft bedrock.

ESB

Escarpment, nonbedrock A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, generally produced

by erosion but in some places produced by faulting, that breaks the

continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces. Exposed earthy

material is nonsoil or very shallow soil.

ESO

Glacial till spot An exposure of glacial till at the surface of the earth. Typically 0.25

acre to 2.0 acres.

GLA

Gravel pit An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have

been removed and used, without crushing, as a source of sand or

gravel. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

GPI

Gravelly spot A spot where the surface layer has more than 35 percent, by volume,

rock fragments that are mostly less than 3 inches in diameter in an

area that has less than 15 percent rock fragments. Typically 0.2 acre

to 2.0 acres.

GRA
Name Description Label

Gray spot A spot in which the surface layer is gray in areas where the

subsurface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit are

darker. Typically 0.25 acre to 2.0 acres.

GSP

Gully A small channel with steep sides cut by running water through which

water ordinarily runs only after a rain or after melting of snow or ice.

It generally is an obstacle to wheeled vehicles and is too deep to be

obliterated by ordinary tillage.

GUL

Iron bog An accumulation of iron in the form of nodules, concretions, or soft

masses on the surface or near the surface of soils. Typically 0.2 acre

to 2.0 acres.

BFE

Landfill An area of accumulated waste products of human habitation, either

above or below natural ground level. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

LDF

Levee An embankment that confines or controls water, especially one built

along the banks of a river to prevent overflow onto lowlands.

LVS

Marsh or swamp A water-saturated, very poorly drained area that is intermittently or

permanently covered by water. Sedges, cattails, and rushes are the

dominant vegetation in marshes, and trees or shrubs are the dominant

vegetation in swamps. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MAR

Mine or quarry An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have

been removed and in which bedrock is exposed. Also denotes surface

openings to underground mines. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MPI

Mine subsided area An area that is lower than the soils in the surrounding map unit

because of subsurface coal mining. Typically 0.25 acre to 3.0 acres.

MSA

Miscellaneous water A small, constructed body of water that is used for industrial,

sanitary, or mining applications and that contains water most of the

year. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MIS

Muck spot An area that occurs within an area of poorly drained or very poorly

drained soil and that has a histic epipedon or an organic surface

layer. The symbol is used only in map units consisting of mineral

soil. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MUC

Oil brine spot An area of soil that has been severely damaged by the accumulation

of oil brine, with or without liquid oily wastes. The area is typically

barren but may have a vegetative cover of salt-tolerant plants.

Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

OBS

Perennial water A small, natural or constructed lake, pond, or pit that contains water

most of the year. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

WAT
Name Description Label

Rock outcrop An exposure of bedrock at the surface of the earth. Not used where

the named soils of the surrounding map unit are shallow over

bedrock or where “Rock outcrop” is a named component of the map

unit. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

ROC

Saline spot An area where the surface layer has an electrical conductivity of 8

mmhos/cm-l more than the surface layer of the named soils in the

surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils has

an electrical conductivity of 2 mmhos/cm-l or less. Typically 0.2

acre to 2.0 acres.

SAL

Sandy spot A spot where the surface layer is loamy fine sand or coarser in areas

where the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map

unit is very fine sandy loam or finer. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SAN

Severely eroded spot An area where, on the average, 75 percent or more of the original

surface layer has been lost because of accelerated erosion. Not used

in map units in which “severely eroded,” “very severely eroded,” or

“gullied” is part of the map unit name. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

ERO

Short steep slope A narrow area of soil having slopes that are at least two slope classes

steeper than the slope class of the surrounding map unit.

SLP

Sinkhole A closed depression formed either by solution of the surficial rock or

by collapse of underlying caves. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SNK

Slide or slip A prominent landform scar or ridge caused by fairly recent mass

movement or descent of earthy material resulting from failure of

earth or rock under shear stress along one or several surfaces.

Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SLI

Sodic spot An area where the surface layer has a sodium adsorption ratio that is

at least 10 more than that of the surface layer of the named soils in

the surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils

has a sodium adsorption ratio of 5 or less. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

SOD

Spoil area A pile of earthy materials, either smoothed or uneven, resulting from

human activity. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SPO

Stony spot A spot where 0.01 to 0.1 percent of the surface cover is rock

fragments that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where

the surrounding soil has no surface stones. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

STN

Unclassified water A small, natural or manmade lake, pond, or pit that contains water,

of an unspecified nature, most of the year. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

UWT
Name Description Label

Very stony spot A spot where 0.1 to 3.0 percent of the surface cover is rock

fragments that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where

the surface cover of the surrounding soil is less than 0.01 percent

stones. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

STV

Wet depression A shallow, concave area within an area of poorly drained or very

poorly drained soils in which water is ponded for intermittent

periods. The concave area is saturated for appreciably longer periods

of time than the surrounding soil. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

WDP

Wet spot A somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained area that is at

least two drainage classes wetter than the named soils in the

surrounding map unit. Typically 0.2 acres to 2.0 acres.

WET