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ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR OF

THE PANAMA CANAL

FOR THE

FISCAL YEAR

ENDED JUNE 30

1918

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFHCE

1918
i • . • • • . • • • • • • ' • • •
TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page.

Report of the Governor of the Panama CJanal 1

Organization 1

Operation and maintenance 2

Building division 2

Locks operation : 6

Electrical division 7

Municipal engineering division 9

Meteorology and hydrography 11

Surveys 13

Office engineer 14

Marine division 14

Dredging division 15

Mechanical division 18

Supply department ^ 19

Reorganization i_ 19

Labor 19

Quarters 20

Corrals 20

Materials and supplies 20

Fuel-oil plants 21

The Panama Canal Press 21

Subsistence 21

Accounting department '. 23

Executive department 27

Bureau of clubs and playgrounds 27

Division of civil affairs 28

Bureau of posts 28

Bureau of customs 29

Police and fire division 30

Division of schools 31

Courts 32

Relations with Panama 32

Office of the special attorney 34

Health department 36

Division of hospitals 37

Ancon Hospital 37

Corozal hospital and farm 37

Colon Hospital 38

Palo Seco Leper Asylum 38

Santo Tomas Hospital 38

District dispensaries 38

Sanitation 38

Quarantine division 39

Washington office 40

86372°—18 I 6>7/63
n TABLE OF CONTENTS.

APPENDIX A.

Page.

ReiX)rt of the engineer of maintenance 43

Organization 4?

Locks division 44

Lockages 44

Water consumption, Gatun Lake 45

Gatun dam 46

Towing locomotives 46

Spare parts 46

Approach wall fender cribs 46

Painting lock gates 46

Lock power and ccmtrol cables 47

Chemist's report on corrosion of lead sheaths of cables at

Miraflores Locks 48

Gatun locks 54

Organization and personnel 54

Operation 54

Maintenance 55

Construction and new equipment 56

General overhauling 56

Pacific locks 57

Organization and personnel 57

Operation 57

Maintenance 57

Miscellaneous work 60

Bitumastic work and painting of lock gates and submerged

parts 60

Painting 61

Electrical division 62

Character and extent of the work 62

Organization and personnel 62

OflSce and design 62

Power-plant extensions 63

Water consumption, hydroelectric station 63

Substation and transmission-line improvements 64

Distribution lines 65

Operation of power system 65

TablesMonthly output in kilowatt-hours 66

Cost of power in its various states of distribution 66

Principal loads in kilowatts added during year, principal

loads to be added in the future . 67

Telephones and telegraph 67

Fire-alarm system 68

Railway signal system 68

Table—Responsible signal interruptions for fiscal year 69

Miscellaneous electrical work 70

Municipal engineering division 71

Organization and personnel 71

Table—Average quantity of water pumped at pumping stations,

with average cost per 1,000 gallons 72

• Sale of water to vessels 72

Panama water office 73
TABLE OP CONTENTS. HI

Report of the engineer of maintenance—Continued.

Municipal engineering division—Continued. Page.

Report of water-collection office, Colon 73

Status of capital-cost account for municipal improvements in Panama and Colon '

74

New construction ' 75

Work for other divisions 75

Laboratory tests of concrete 76

Summary of determinations made in connection with the work on

concrete aggregates 77

Work performed in connection with the operation of water purification plants 80

Section of meteorology and hydrography 81

Personnel 81

Meteorology 81

Tables accompanying meteorological section, list of 85

Hydrography 90

Tidal conditions 90

Special investigations 92

Water-supply studies 92

Branch hydrographic office, Cristobal 93

Tables accompanying hydrographica) section, list of 93

Section of surveys 99

Building lots 99

Gatun Dam 99

Supply department 100

Health department : 100

Municipal division 100

Joint land commission 100

Survey—Panama, Ancon, Balboa 100

Triangulation 101

Bench marks 101

Canal Zone boundary monuments 101

Cristobal coaling plant 101

Miscellaneous 101

Section of office engineer 102

APPENDIX B.

Report of the resident engineer, building division 103

Organization 103

Building operations ; 103

Pier No. 6, floor for 104

Boat landing and launch house, Cristobal 106

Industrial plant, Panama Railroad 107

Mindi dairy farm 109

Tivoli Hotel kitchen 109

Local freight and baggage building 110

Mount Hope oil tank 110

Ancon Hospital 110

Larvacide plant 112

Nurses' quarters, Colon Hospital 113

Gatun dispensary . 113
IV TABLE OP CONTENTS.

Report of the resident engineer, building division—Continued.

Building operations—Continued. Page.

Gatun hydroelectric station extension 113

Balboa garbage incinerator 114

TablesBuildings on which construction work was performed during the year 134

Comparative unit costs of buildings 116

APPENDIX C.

Report of the superintendent of dredging 119

Organization . 119

Dredging plant 119

Dredging 121

TablesOutput of all dredges, with total and unit costs 122

Yardage removed from the —42-foot mean sea-level contour

in the Atlantic Ocean 122

Yardage removed from Gaillard Cut 123

Yardage removed, Pedro Miguel Lock to the —45-foot mean

sea level in the Pacific Ocean 123

Dredging, canal prism 128

Yardage removed from the canal prism 123

Yardage remaining to be removed from canal prism 124

Distribution of material removed from Gaillard Cut 125

Dumps 126

Subaqueous rock excavation 126

TablesMining, performance of drill boat Teredo No. 2 126

Mining, performance of well and tripod drills 127

Miscellaneous dredging 127

Sand and gravel production 12S

Diversions and drainage 128

Slide inspection and reports 128

Mindi dikes and groins 129

Water hyacinths 129

Surveys 129

Ofiice • 129

APPENDIX D.

Report of the marine .superintendent 131

Personnel 231

Operation incident to a state of war 132

Steamboat-inspection service 132

Report of board of local inspectors 132

Admeasurement of vessels and application of tolls 133

TablesSummary of traffic through the canal during fiscal year and

since its opening to commercial traffic 135

Number of vessels of various nationalities passing through the

canal

^ 13q
TABLE OF CONTENTS. V

APPENDIX E.

Page.

Report of the superintendent, mechanical division 139

Organization . 139

War activities 139

War worli 140

Principal work performed 140

Results accomplished 141

Needs for coming fiscal year 143

Tables accompanying report, list of 143

APPENDIX F.

Report of the chief quartermaster, supply department , 1.^1 Organization l.ll Personnel 152

Labor 1.52 Quarters . 1.52 Zone sanitation . 1.58 Motor transportation 1.53 Material and supplies 154

Distribution in storehouses . 155

Sales 1.5.5 Surplus and obsolete material, equipment, and scrap 155

Scrap 155

Fuel-oil plants 1.5G Gasoline storage 1.5G Panama Canal Press 1.5(5 Subsistence 157

Commissary operations 1.58 Transfer of plantations and farms IGO

New commissaries 160

Changes in retail stores 100

Soap factory 161

Milk 161

Sausage factory IGl

Bone mill 1 161

Tailor shop 162

Bakery 162

Flour . 162

Beef-corning plant 162

Industrial laboratory products 162

Relief of Guatemala City during earthquake 163

Central American sugar 164

New ice and cold-storage plant and abattoir 164

Cattle industry 164

Pastures, health, breeding, sales, etc 166

Plantations 167

Poultry farm 168

Hog farm 169

Dairy farm .. 169

Tables

:

Occupants of Panama Canal and Panama Raili-oad quarters,

June 30. 1918 170
-VI TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Report of the chief quartermaster, supply department—Continued.

Tables—Continued. Page.

Applications for married quarters on file June 30, 1918 170

Sales __.. 170

Value of material received during fiscal year 1917-18 on requisition 171

Statement showing sales of material, supplies, and equipment

heretofore purchased or acquired for the construction of The

Panama Canal, made by authority of the governor withqrut

advertisement and on which time did not permit securing approval of the Secretary of War, required by Executive order

of May 12, 1915 173

Houses, apartments, and occupants, by districts, of gold and

silver quarters, as of June 30, 1918 173

Operation of Hotel Tivoli 174

Summary of operations of restaurants 174

Summary of operations, laborers' messes 175

Obsolete and surplus material 175

American scrap operations 175

Fuel oil handled 176

Comparative statement of output of manufacturing plants, commissary division, supply department, fiscal years 1913-14 to 1917-18 176

Statement showing quantities of certain staple articles purchased during the fiscal year as compared with the previous

year 177

Statement of comparative selling prices for June 30, 1918, as against June 30, 1917 177

Statement of articles purchased by the products buyer in Costa

Rica 178

Statement of Haitian, Colombian, and local purchases 178

Produce furnished the commissary division by various plantations -^.79 APPENDIX G.

Report of the auditor -^§]^ Organization

jgj^

Paymaster -^g-^ Collector ^ -^gc, Accounting to the Treasury for collections 189

Tolls :":"

182

Claims for damages to vessels passing through the locks 183

Examination of pay rolls _ _ -|^83

Liberty loans -j^oo Canal appropriations ,_ -^^gn Exchange of property with Panama Railroad 185

Public works, Panama and Colon

~~ ^g^ Operation and maintenance

^^86 Bu.siness operations -^g-r Material and supplies 187

Construction of canal and capital addi.tion 1$9 Manufacturing plants ~ -^q-. Canal Zone accounts -.q. Clubhou.-e accounts ~ ~~~~~

iqi
TABLE OP CONTENTS. VII

Report of the auditor—Continued. Page.

Claims for injuries and deaths 192

Coupon books . 192

Inspection of accounts 193

Time inspection . 193

Freight claims 193

Bonds of employees 194

Operations with Panama Railroad Co.'s funds 194

Railroad, harbor, terminals, etc 194

Commissary 195

Farm industries 196

Tables accompanying report, list of 197

APPENDIX H.

Report of the executive secretary 255

Organization 255

Special work 256

Working force 257

TablesForce actually at work on June 19, 1918 258

Force reports by months, fiscal year 1917-18 259

High and low force records, December, 1906, to June 30,

1918, by fiscal years 259

Bureau of clubs and playgrounds 260

Division of civil affairs 261

Bureau of posts 261

Bureau of customs 263

Shipping commissioner 263

Administration of estates 264

Licenses and taxes 264

Police and fire division 264

Police section 265

Fire section 267

Division of schools 268

The courts 269

Special attorney and district attorney 270

United States marslial for the Canal Zone 270

Relations with Panama 270

Legislation 272

TablesPostal Service 272

Receipts and disbursements 272

Total cash transactions of Canal Zone postal system for fiscal

year 1918 273

Letters and parcels registered and parcels insured for fiscal

year 1918 273

Number of insured and C. O. D. parcel-post parcels and

registered articles delivered by offices during fiscal year

1918 274

Number of mail parcels on which duty has been paid to the

Government of Panama, and the amouut of duty as shown

by receipts on file, by offices, during fiscal year 1918— 274

Statement of vessels entered and cleared and of seamen shipped

and discharged at Balboa and Cristobal, fiscal year 1918 274
VIII TABLE OP CONTENTS.

Report of the executive secretary—Continued.

Tables—Continued. Page.

Number of estates received and settled and amount of funds

handled during fiscal year 1918 275

Police section 275

Police force as of June 30, 3918 275

Distribution of police force by stations and substations 275

Number of arrests, by fiscal years, made on Canal Zone since

organization 276

Number of arrests, by months, made during fiscal year 1918_ 276

Statement of disposition of persons arrested during fiscal

year 1918 277

Charges against persons arrested during fiscal year 1918— 277

Nationality of persons arrested during fiscal year 1918 278

Occupation of persons arrested during fiscal year 1918 279

Number of prisoners in custody in common jails at the close

of each month during fiscal year 1918 280

Value of labor performed by common jail prisoners during

fiscal year 1918 280

House-to-house canvass of the civil population of the Canal

Zone taken between June 20 and 30, 1918, by the police

and fii'e division 281

Warden section 282

Convicts received at penitentiary during fiscal year 1918 282

Convicts discharged from penitentiary during fiscal year

1918 283

Crimes committed by convicts confined in penitentiary on June 30, 1918, and their aggregate sentences 283

Nationality of the convicts confined in the penitentiary on June 30, 1918 284

Sentences of convicts confined in the penitentiary on June

30, 1918 284

Value of labor performed by convicts employed on public improvements, and value of labor of convicts assigned to inside labor at the penitentiary during fiscal year 1918 284

Cost of subsisting, guarding, and clothing convicts confined

in the penitentiary during fiscal year 1918 285

Convicts and common jail prisoners deported during fiscal

year 1918 285

Coroner section 285

Deaths, by months, investigated by coroner during fiscal

year 1918 285

Causes of deaths investigated by coroner during fiscal year

1918 285

Fire section ^ 286

Fire personnel as on June 30, 1918 286

Distribution of fire personnel, by statioul5, June 30, 1918 286

Statement of damage resulting from fires during fiscal year

1918 286

Statement of property involved in fires during fiscal year

1918 286

School section 287

Monthly enrollment and average daily attendance 287

Enrollment for fiscal year 1918, by schools 287
TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX

Keport of the executive secretary—Continued.

Tables—Continued.

School section—Continued. Page.

Enrollment by grades 287

Number of teachers employed in schools 288

Report of annual physical examinations of children of white

grade schools during October,. 1917 288

Epitome of more important statistics for the years ended

June 30, 1915, to June 30, 1917, inclusive 288

APPENDIX I.

Report of the district attorney 289

Criminal prosecutions during fiscal year 1918 291

APPENDIX J.

Report of the special attorney 293

Land claims 293

Panama Canal land licenses in effect within the Canal Zone at the

end of fiscal year 1918 295

Panama Railroad Co. matters 296

Statement of Panama Railroad leases and licenses in ert'ect July 1, 1918 296

Panama Railroad litigation 298

District court, division of Balboa 298

District court, division of Cristobal 298

Magistrate's court, division of Balboa '298

Magistrate's court, division of Cristobal 299

Panama Railroad cases pending at end of fiscal year 299

District court, division of Balboa 299

District court, division of Cristobal 299

Pending on writ of error from Supreme Court of the United

States and United States Circuit Court of Appeals, New

Orleans 301

Legislation 302

APPENDIX K.

Report of the chief health officer 305

Organization 305

Vital statistics 306

Employees 306

Effects of race 307

Canal Zone 307

Panama City 307

Colon 308

Special remarks 308

Cerebrospinal meningitis 308

Venereal diseases 309

Meat inspection 311

Ancon Hospital 311

Permanent buildings 311

Buildings evacuated 311

Grounds -- 312

Administration-clinics building 312
X TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Report of the chief health officer—Continued.

Ancon Hospital—Continued. Page.

Administration . 312

Surgical clinic 313

Medical clinic 313

Eye and ear clinic 313

X-ray clinic 314

Steward's department 314

Linen room 314

Maintenance and repair, buildings and equipment 315

Motor transportation 315

Statistics regarding patients 316

Corozal Hospital 317

Buildings 317

Hospital department 317

Farm department 318

General remarks 319

Colon Hospital 319

Buildings 319

Personnel 320

Palo Seco Leper Asylum 320

Santo Tomas Hospital 320

District dispensaries 320

Sanitation 320

Canal Zone 320

Panama City 321

Colon : 324

Quarantine division 327

Tables accompanying report, list of 328

APPENDIX L.

Report of general purchasing officer and chief of the Washington office 345

APPENDIX M.

Acts of Congress and Executive orders relating to The Panama Canal and

to the Canal Zone index 3q1
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

[Report of the governor,]

Plate.

1. Chart showing organization of The Panama Canal, July 1, 1918.

APPENDIX- A.

[Report of the engineer of maintenance.]

2. Five and eight conductor, lead-sheathed control cables removed from

the middle cross-over tunnel at Miraflores locks.

3. Transmission system ; Gatun hydroelectric station—typical daily load

curves.

4. Transmission system, causes and dates of power interruptions.

5. Concrete road between Corozal and Miraflores.

6. Typical section of 18-foot concrete roadbed with sheet asphalt wearing

surface.

7. Monthly rainfall year 1917 and station averages.

8. Distribution of rainfall in the Canal Zone ; maximum, minimum, current,

and average years.

9. Operating uses of Gatun Lake water supply, year 1917—dry season 1918.

10. Gatun Lake watershed ; yields and losses ; masses curved—year 1917.

11. Gatun Lake watershed ; total yields ; year 1917, dry season 1918, and

7-year average.

12. Gatun Lake watershed ; total yields massed ; maximum, minimum,

average, and current years, 1911-1917.

13. Chagres River drainage basin ; mean monthly discharge at Alhajuela,

year 1917, dry season 1918 and 16-year average.

14. Chagres River drainage basin ; massed curves—discharge at Alhajuela,

maximum, minimum, average, and current years.

15. Studies in water supply available for canal uses based on average net

yield of Gatun Lake basin for 7-year period 1911-1917.

16. Studies In water supply available for canal uses based on lowest net

yield of record December, 1911, to December, 1912.

APPENDIX B.

[Report of the resident engineer, building division.)

17. Ancon Hospital. Administration building.

18. Ancon Hospital. Kitchen and mess.

19. Ancon Hospital. Isolation ward.

20. Gatun hydroelectric station. View from bridge showing one spillway

gate open. June 6, 1918.

21. Atlantic terminals. General view of pier No. 6, Cristobal.

22. Atlantic terminals. Reinforced concrete girders and arches to support

floor system of pier No. 6, Cristobal.
XII LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS.

APPENDIX C.

[Report of resident engineer, dredging division.]

Plate.

23. Gaillard Cut. Looking north from Contractor's Hill, showing east and

west banks. June, 1918.

24. Gaillard Cut. Looking south, showing conditions on west bank. June,

1918.

25. Topography east and west Culebra and Cucaracha slides.

26. Typical cross sections Culebra slides.

APPENDIX B.

[Report of superintendent, mechanical division.]

27. Charts showing classes of work and source of revenue.

28. Balboa shops gross overhead expense percentage compared with the

total direct labor charges, fiscal years 1916-17 and 1917-18.

29. Chart showing development of shop work for outsiders concurrent with

the decrease of canal and Panama Railroad work since the official

opening of The Panama Canal.

APPENDIX H.

[Report of the executive secretary.]

30. Ancon, Canal Zone, public school. Flag raising. March, 1918.

31. Cristobal schoolhouse. May, 1918.
ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR OF THE PANAMA CANAL.

The Panama Canal,

Office of the Governor,

Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, September 21, 1918.

Sir : I have the honor to submit the annual report covering the construction, operation, maintenance, and sanitation of The Panama

Canal for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918.

ORGANIZATION.

The war emergency has caused several changes in personnel. The

following officers of the Army and Navy were relieved from duty

with The Panama Canal on the dates indicated:

Commander H. I. Cone, marine superintendent, August 21, 1917.

Lieut. Col. J. J. Morrow, engineer of maintenance, August 31, 1917.

Lieut. Col. W. E. Grove, chief quartermaster, September 22, 1917.

Col. D. C. Howard, chief health officer, October 4, 1917, and his

successor, Col. A. E. Truby, February 26, 1918.

Capt. F. H. Smith, assistant chief quartermaster, October 10, 1917.

Lieut. Col. T. H. Dillon, electrical engineer, February 6, 1918.

Lieut. Commander P. P. Bassett, captain of the port, Cristobal,

August 14, 1917.

Lieut. Commander A. B. Eeed, captain of the port, Balboa, August

14, 1917.

Capt. H. D. Mitchell, chief of police, July 8, 1917.

Lieut. Col. Earl I. Brown, chief of the Washington office, August

25, 1917, and his successor, Maj. Benedict Crowell, December 1, 1917.

The position of engineer of maintenance remained vacant throughout the remainder of the fiscal year. Mr. Walter J. Douglas, who was

appointed to fill the position on May 13, 1918, assumed the duties on

July 1, 1918. The position of marine superintendent was filled on

January 23, 1918, by the appointment of Commander L. R. Sargent,

United States Navy, who was detailed by the Navy Department for

duty under the Governor of The Panama Canal and assignment to

the position. The vacancy as chief quartermaster was filled by the

appointment of Mr. R. K. Morris, who had been employed for a num1
2 THE PANAMA CANAL.

« ber of years in important capacities in that department. The position

of chief health officer vacated by Col. Truby was filled by the appointment of Maj. A. T. McCormack, Medical Reserve Corps. Mr. A.

L. Flint, chief clerk, was appointed chief of the Washington office

as successor to Maj. Crowell, who resigned that position upon his appointment as Assistant Secretary of War. In addition to the officers

mentioned, a total of 296 employees of The Panama Canal in various

capacities resigned in order to enter the military or naval service, or

to assume positions in the National Red Cross and other organizations immediately engaged on war work. During the existence of the

vacancies in the positions of engineer of maintenance and marine

superintendent, the duties of those positions were directly assumed by

the Governor. During the absence of the Governor on duty in the

United States, from December 13, 1917, to January 23, 1918, his

duties on the Isthmus were assumed, by authority of the Secretary df

War, by Judge Frank Feuille, as acting governor. Judge Feuille

acted in the same capacity during the illness of the Governor from

January 28, 1918, to February 25, 1918.

Except as above stated the heads of the departments and divisions

reporting to the Governor remained as stated in last year's report.

To assist in the adminstration of the electrical division and the

operation and maintenance of the locks in the absence of an engineer

of maintenance, Lieut. Col. Dillon was given immediate supervision

over the conduct of those branches of the work until his relief from

duty with the canal, when he was succeeded in those duties by Mr.

Hartley Rowe.

DEPABTMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.

On August 4, 1917, Mr. T. B. Monniche, engineer of docks, re- signed, and his duties were transferred to the resident engineer of

the building division on August 5, 1917. Thereafter the construction

of the terminal structures in progress which had been conducted

under the immediate supervision of the engineer of maintenance,

was continued under the charge of Mr. Hartley Rowe, resident engineer, head of the building division.

Building Division.

Pier No. 6, Cristobal.—The construction of Pier No. 6 at Cristobal,

authorized by the sundry civil act of July 1, 1916, was continued.

At the beginning of the year the driving of the foundation cylinders

was 70 per cent complete. The excavation of material from the

cylinders was 73 per cent complete, and the filling of the cylinders

with concrete was 50 per cent complete. The driving of the cylinders

was completed September 7, 1917, with a total of 22,610 linear feet
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

in place. The excavation of material from the cylinders was completed September 19, 1917, with a total of 14,382 cubic yards

removed. The filling of the cylinders with concrete was completed

on October 19, 1917, with a total of 22,005 yards poured. The total

cost of the completed cylinders, including excavation and concreting,

was $550,894.20,' and the total cost of the substructure, including

trestle, false work, power and water lines, irailway tracks, etc., was

$687,677.04. Certain changes in the construction plant and in the

design of the floor structure, in order to overcome so far as possible

increased costs of materials, were described in the report for last

year. As stated therein, when bids were received for the steel work

the prices had advanced to such an extent as to make necessary the

abandonment of the steel construction for the floor system and the

substitution of reinforced concrete construction. On account of the

heavy loads and of the large spans involved, and especially on ac- count of the lack of rigidity against lateral movement of the long

cylinders supporting the structure, considerable difficulty was experienced in determining a satisfactory design. The problem was suc- cessfully solved and the construction proceeded with a material

saving in cost as compared with the original design, but in spite of

the economies applied it became evident that on account of the abnormal increase in the prices of materials the completed structure could

not be built for the original limit cost of $1,500,000 fixed by law.

Upon representation to Congress an additional appropriation of

$592,190 was obtained in the urgent deficiency bill which became a law on March 28, 1918.

The original plans for the superstructure contemplated a shed of

structural steel of a design similar to that of Pier No. 7. Upon obtaining bids for the material involved in this superstructure it was

found necessary to redesign the shed, abandoning the structural steel

plans and adopting reinforced concrete, with an estimated saving of

$177,000.

At the close of the year the state of completion was as follows:

Floor, 35 per cent; cylinders, 100 per cent; pier as a whole, 60 per

cent. The construction of the shed had not been started at the end

of the year.

Boat landing and launch house 'between Piers Nos. 7 and 8, Cristobal.—At the beginning of the year work on this structure was in sus- pense awaiting material for the superstructure. The erection was re- sumed on October 6, 1917, upon arrival of the materials, and by October 25, 1917, the entire amount of 511,570 pounds of structural steel

for the floor and shed had been erected. The pouring of the concrete for encasing the girders and for the floor slab was begun on

October 31, 1917, and completed December 8, 1917. The concrete

86372°—18 2
.4 THE PANAMA CANAL.

work for the shed was started December 6, 1917, and completed

January 12, 1918. The structure was entirely completed in March,

1918, and turned over to the marine division for use. The total cost

of the completed structure was $109,939.07.

Miscellaneous buildings.—Other than the construction of the terminal facilities the operations of the building division included the

continuation of the Ancon Hospital group of buildings, quarters for

nurses at Colon Hospital, a dispensary at Gatun, the extension of the

building housing the hydroelectric generating plant at Gatun, the

garbage incinerator at Balboa, the local freight and baggage building

for the Panama Railroad at Docks Nos. 9 and 10, Cristobal, cold

storage building and industrial plant for the Panama Railroad at

Mount Hope, an oil tank for the supply department at Mount Hope,

buildings for the Mindi dairy farm, quarters for canal and Panama

Railroad employees, and various quarters and other buildings for

the Army and Navy provided for in appropriations of Congress and

alloted to the Governor of The Panama Canal for expenditure.

The buildings completed and under construction in the Ancon Hospital group complete the project initiated in 1915. They include the

following: Administrative and clinics building; kitchen and mess;

section A, ward group; section B, ward group; section C, ward

group; section D, ward group; isolation ward; dispensary; medical

storehouse; laboratory and crematory; power house; superintendent's home; nurses' quarters; and garage. The plant provides a thoroughly equipped hospital of 690 beds, and is capable of expansion without undue crowding to 888 beds. The structures are all of

permanent material and replace old French buildings. Several frame

buildings occupied as quarters by the hospital staff and the old frame

wards Nos. 17 to 23, inclusive, will remain within the hospital grounds

and be utilized until their deterioration progresses sufficiently to

justify their removal. Work was in progress during the year on

the administration building, kitchen and mess, section C and section

D ward groups, the isolation ward, the nurses' home, power house,

and the garage, and covered passageways connecting different groups

of buildings. By the end of the year there were completed and occupied the administration building with connecting covered ways;

kitchen and mess, and the isolation ward. Section C ward group

was 60 per cent complete, section D ward group 40 per cent complete, the nurses' home 98 per cent, the power house 95 per cent, and

the garage 50 per cent complete. The total cost of the completed

building project for the new Ancon Hospital will be $1,768,762,

of which $1,292,835.04 was expended by the end of the year. The

two large ward groups, C and D, are of uniform type and design

of construction with the other ward groups heretofore completed.
EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR. 5

The nurses' home, located in convenient proximity to the ward buildings, is three stories in height, 233 feet long, and 46 feet wide, and

provides accommodation for 72 nurses and one chief nurse. The

power house is a reinforced concrete structure with corrugated as- bestos roof, and is one story high, 48 feet 6 inches by 62 feet 6 inches,,

with open sides and wide overhanging eaves. The building contains two 50-H. P. oil-burning boilers and supplies steam to all

the hospital buildings and the shop for the hospital carpenter and

plumber. The garage contains stalls for 8 hospital trucks and

ambulances. It is a one-story structure 21 feet 3 inches by 80 feet 6

inches.

The nurses' home at Colon Hospital, begun in September, 1017,

was completed during the year at a cost of $34,387.51. It is a twostory building, 45 feet by 70 feet, situated on the beach adjacent to

Colon Hospital, and provides quarters for 13 nurses and 2 maids.

The construction is of reinforced concrete columns, girders, and floor

slabs, with walls and partitions of hollow concrete blocks; the roof

is of red tile.

A dispensary was constructed at Gatun containing living apartments for the district physician, office of the district dentist, and the

necessary office for the dispensing of medicines. The building is two

stories high, 36 feet by 66 feet, of hollow block concrete construction,

except the bearing columns and floor slabs, which are of reinforced

concrete. The cost of the completed structure was $34,490.17.

The extension of the house inclosing the hydroelectric plant at

Gatun, v/hich was begun in November, 1916, was 99 per cent completed at the end of the year. The extension doubles the original size

of the building and forms a continuation thereof. It is constructed

with the same kinds of materials and of identical design.

The garbage incinerator plant for the consumption of garbage

from the towns at the Pacific terminal of the canal and from the

city of Panama, was completed. The structure is 42 feet by 66 feet

6 inches, of concrete construction, with a tile roof. Its location on a point of land formerly known as Gavilan Island was determined

with reference to convenience of access from the different localities

supplying the garbage, reducing as much as possible the passage of

garbage wagons through streets of populated districts. The building

was constructed of sufficient capacity to allow for an increase in the

number of incinerating units as the increase of population might

make necessary. The total cost of the plant, including building and

equipment, is $116,055.92.

The report of the resident engineer. Appendix B, gives descriptions in detail of the buildings constructed and detailed items of

cost.
6 the panama canal.

Locks Operation.

There were 1,936 commercial and 335 noncommercial lockages at

Gatun, and 2,096 commercial vessels were passed; at Pedro Miguel

there were 2,041 commercial and 379 noncommercial lockages, and

2.083 commercial vessels were passed; at Miraflores there were 2,017

commercial and 326 noncommercial lockages, and 2,081 commercial

vessels were passed. The number of ships passed, exceeded the number of lockages on account of passing more than one ship through in

one lockage under certain conditions. There were no delays to ships

due to the failure of the operating machinery of the locks, and as heretofore the damage to vessels has been chiefly due to the breaking

of chocks and bitts.

The maintenance work consisted of constant inspection of and

attention to all of the lock operating machinery and such painting of

gates and other steel parts as was required. The wall fenders

originally installed have in some cases become unserviceable through

decay and have been replaced by timbers of almendra, a native hardwood. Four new towing locomotives manufactured in the mechanical division .shops were completed and placed in service during

the year, two at Gatun locks and two at the Pacific locks. The installation of electric equipment on these locomotives was done by the

lock forces. For purposes of inspection and maintenance work^ lock

chambers were unwatered at the different locks as follows : At

Gatun, west chamber, middle and lower levels, from January 14 to

February 23; east chamber, middle and Lower levels, from March 1

to March 23; east chamber, upper level, April 9 to April 15. At

Miraflores, east chamber, lower level, from August 29 to September 30.

Besides the necessity for painting portions of the gates, the chief

indications of deterioration developing during these inspections were

as heretofore the corrosion due to electrolytic action on valves and

their fittings. Further inspection of the valves at Miraflores locks

where greenheart lumber was used to replace metal valve seats and

lignum-vitse side seals in place of machinery steel, indicated the substitutions to be the best means thus far investigated for checking the

trouble, and accordingly the same means were applied this year at

Gatun. At Miraflores locks trouble has been experienced from the

grounding of the control cables. As originally installed these cables

were insulated with varnished cambric and were lead sheathed. On

investigation it was found that the lead sheathing had become badly

pitted, and in some places had entirely disappeared. A total of six

control cables in the middle crossover were found to be defective to

varying degrees. Every case was found to be in the side wall of the

vertical shafts in a position where the lead was exposed to contact

with water that had seeped through the concrete, and the corrosion
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 7

and destruction of the lead covering proved to be due to the chemical

action of the seepage water which contained lime salts of sufficient

strength to act upon the lead. The cables affected were withdrawn

and new cables were installed in a different location, supported on

hangers, where they would not be exposed to the seepage water, and

no further trouble has developed since the change. The timber

fenders at the end of the south approach wall at Pedro Miguel locks

were renewed on account of the deterioration of the original fenders

by the teredo. Repairs due to the same cause but to a less extent

were made to the fender at the end of the north approach wall at

Miraflores locks. In order to m.aintain the level of Miraflores Lake

within the prescribed limits it was necessary to make 254 operations

of the Miraflores spillway gates. To provide a settling basin and

reduce maintenance of the channel in Miraflores Lake, an earthern dam

was constructed before the completion of the canal across the Rio

Grande River that discharges into Miraflores Lake on the west of

the Pedro Miguel locks. On September 6, 1917, after a heavy rainfall, the discharge from this river exceeded the capacity of the spillway in the dam and the dam overflowed, carrying it out for about

80 feet and suddenly releasing 8 feet head of water. This caused a sudden and heavy discharge into Miraflores Lake and necessitated

the opening of three gates in the Miraflores spillway for 40 minutes

in order to prevent an excessive rise in Miraflores Lake.

The contract with the American Bitumastic Enamels Company

under which the original painting of the interior of lock gates was

done with a guarantee for a period of 5 years, expires in January,

1919. Under an arrangement agreed upon in January, 1918, the

contractors withdrew their representative and men and turned the

maintenance work under their contract over to the canal, the cost

of the work to be billed to the contractors. Inspection of the interior of the gates and the application of the bitumastic wherever

necessary is in progress so as to have everything in order at the ex- piration of the original guarantee.

Electrical Division.

Upon the relief from duty with the canal of Lieut. Col. T. H. Dillon,

United States Army, on February 5, 1918, he was succeeded as electrical engineer by Mr. Walter L. Hersh. The operation and maintenance of the steam and hydroelectric power plants, substations,

transmission lines and power distribution systems, street and house

lighting systems, telephone and telegraph, fire alarm, railway block

signal systems, and railway interlocking plants, all under the supervision of the electrical division, were satisfactorily conducted. New

work was carried on in connection with the electrical installation for

light, heat, and power at additions to the Army and Navy establish-
8 THE PANAMA CANAL.

ments in the Canal Zone, as well as for the extensions of canal enterprises. The principal construction work in progress was the ex- tension of the hydroelectric plant at Gatun spillway, as described in

the report for last year. In this project three additional penstocks

were installed at the Gatun spillway, providing for the No. 4 generating unit and for the two units, Nos. 5 and 6, that when installed

will develop the plant to its maximum capacity. In the installation

of these penstocks it was necessary to excavate 14,946 yards of material. The material v/as used in part in making a fill along the

ixis of the dam just west of its junction with Gatun locks, in order

to restore to full dimensions a portion of the dam, that since its construction had settled below its original elevation. The head gate

house, head gates, trash racks, and head gate operating machinery,

including switchboard and wiring involved in the installation of

the additional penstocks, were completed. The 4,500 K. W. generator unit and the 6,750 H. P. Pelton Francis turbine were received

in May and erection was started on June 1. The 275 K. W. turbine

exciter set was completed. The extension of this plant as now authorized will be completed by January 1, 1919, resulting in a capacity

of 13,140 K. W., with provisions for future installations of two additional 4,500 K. W. units, making a total capacity of the plant of

22,140 K. W.

The changes and additions at the generating station at Gatun

necessitated certain modifications at the Gatun substation to adapt it

to the 6,600-volt instead of the 2,200-volt generation. The work involves the installation of one 8,400 K. V. A. 6,600-44,000 volt

water-cooled transformer; the complete remodeling of concrete cells

for oil circuit breakers and for instrument transformers; the installation of higher capacity circuit breakers; changes and additions

to the existing switchboard; the installation of two 1,500 K. V. A.

6,600-2,200 volt water-cooled transformers; the reconnection of two

4,000 K. V. A. 2,200-44,000 transformers for 6,600-44,000 volt operation ; and the removal of two 2,667 K. V. A. 2,200-44,000 volt transformers. These changes were in progress at the close of the fiscal

year, and when complete the Gatun substation will be equipped with

two 1,500 K. V. A. 6,600-2,200 volt transformers for local distribution, and two 4,000 K. V. A. and one 8,400 K. V. A. 6,600-44,000 volt

transformers for distant transmission, with provisions for future installation of one 8,400 K. V. A. transformer. At the Miraflores substation certain changes were made, as described in detail in the report

of the electrical engineer, for the purpose of releasing equipment for

service at one of the naval establishments in the Canal Zone, thus

affording temporary power facilities nine months in advance of the

possible receipt from the manufacturers in the States of the permanent equipment required.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 9

At the Balboa substation an additional 2,200-volt feeder equipment was installed for the operation of the air compressing plant in

Balboa shops, and a similar unit for feeding auxiliary power to the

Pacific forts. The principal items involved in extensions and improvements to the underground power distribution system included

extensions to the townsite of New Cristobal, new cold storage plant

at Cristobal, and to the naval reservation.

The net output of power generated averaged 4,419,192 K. W. H. per

month, as compared with 4,190,020 K. W. H. per month last year.

The increase in output has been generated principally at the hydroelectric station at Gatun, and the fuel oil consumption at the

auxiliary steam plant at Miraflores was reduced from an average of

3,428 barrels per month to 2,906 barrels per month. The average cost

of current generated and distributed for power purposes for the

year was 0.7782 cent per K. W. H. The average cost of current per

K. W. H. for lighting purposes, including cost of generation and

transmission, maintenance of house lighting systems and lamp

renewals, was 0.013179 cent. The Miraflores steam generating plant

carries a load only at such times as the total load exceeds the capacity

of the hydroelectric station at Gatun. During the year there was a

total additional load on the generating plants of 1,900 K. W. for

power and 270 K. W. for light.

There were 29 failures of the transmission line, as compared with

17 during the preceding year, due to insulation troubles.

There was a net increase of 369 telephone installations, and the

average number of telephone calls per day of eight hours was 21,816.

Two additional fire-alarm boxes were installed at New Cristobal;

four on the dock at La Boca, and a new fire alarm register at Ancon

fire station.

For further details attention is invited to Appendix A.

Municipal Engineering Division.

The work of this division under the supervision of Mr. D. E.

Wright, as municipal engineer, included the care and maintenance of

water reservoirs, maintenance and operation of pumping stations and

filtration plants, maintenance and repair of municipal improvements

in the Canal Zone and the cities of Panama and Colon, the municipal

construction work in the townsites of the Canal Zone and at the Army

and Navy establishments. In the supply of water for all purposes the

total number of gallons pumped during the year at the various stations

was as follows : At Mount Hope, 1,442,275,000 ; at Agua Clara, 428,-

401,000; at Gamboa, 3,462,016,000; at Miraflores, 379,460,000; at Balboa, 2,383,659,575 ; and at Paraiso, 74,540,000. The average division

cost per thousand gallons for water delivered to the various districts

of the Canal Zone was as follows: Cristobal, $0,08; Gatun, $0.11;
10 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Gamboa, $0.09; Paraiso, $0.06; Pedro Miguel, $0.06; Miraflores,

$0.06; and Balboa-Ancon, $0.07. These figures include the charges

for pumping and the operation and maintenance of the filtration

plants. At Cristobal 1,420 ships were supplied with 44,875,000 gallons

of water, and at Balboa 827 vessels were supplied with 24,067,600

gallons. The citj' of Panama consumed 858,402,000 gallons, and the

city of Colon, including The Panama Canal and Panama Railroad

reservations in Colon, consumed 591,209,125 gallons. The water

revenue derived from private consumers in Panama totaled $152,-

100.05, and in Colon $105,092.45. In the cities of Panama and Colon

tlie municipal division expended $154,960.85 in the upkeep of streets

and water and sewer sj'stems. This expense is reimbursed, under the

canal treaty, from the water revenues in the two cities. For new

construction work by the municipal division in the towns and villages

occupied by the Panama Canal employees, a total of $545,723.55 was

spent. The items included the grading of grounds and extensions

of roads, water and sewer systems for the new buildings in the hospital grounds at Ancon; the grading of grounds and installation of

water and sewer systems in connection with the new schoolhouses at

Ancon, Balboa, Pedro Miguel, Gatun, and Cristobal; resurfacing of

the streets in old Cristobal and in Gatun, the Mount Hope-Colon road,

Ancon-Corozal road, Corozal-Pedro Miguel road, East La Boca road,

Sosa Hill road, and roads in the Balboa shop district; and the construction of new and extension of old sidewalks in the various towns

occupied by canal employees. For the United States Army the

municipal division performed work at a total expense of $258,416.59,

including the completion of work under w^ay the preceding year in

the various posts; construction of concrete streets and sidewalks,

extension of water and sewer systems, and the installation of water

and sewer pumping station at Fort Sherman. There was also

included the making of the necessary surveys and the preparation

of plans and estimates for the proposed new Army posts at Gatun,

Miraflores, Corozal, Diablo, and Corundu River. For the Panama

Railroad this division performed work at a cost of $187,401.82, including the comi^letion of the Corundu River storm sewer, the filling

of and installation of water, sewers, and streets for the Folks River

section of Colon extension; the installation of water, sewers, streets,

and sidewalks for the chicken farm at New Culebra, renamed Summit ; the installation of water lines and pumps for irrigating work on

the various plantations; the construction of roads and sewers for the

hog farm near Mindi ; and the construction of roads and water and

sewer systems for the Mindi dairy farm.

In the performance of work for various outsiders, including the

construction of roads, sewers, and water lines for the area to be

occupied by the cable company, concrete construction work for the
EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR. 11

Panama Tramway Co., repairs to streets in Panama and Colon where

gas connections were made, and making water and sewer connections

for private parties in the cities of Colon and Panama, there was

a total expense of $42,282.94, covered by deposits made by the interested parties.

For ratproofing of docks Nos. 13, 14, 15, and pier No. 18 a total of

$56,896.93 was expended. On work requests from the building division for municipal work in connection with new buildings constructed, work was performed at a total cost of $91,419.28. In the

construction of concrete ditches and drains, filling of swamp areas,

preparation of estimates for proposed work, and maintenance of

pumping station at Palo Seco leper colony, the sum of $37,325.83

was spent for the health department. Miscellaneous construction

jobs at a total cost of $118,092.70 were done for the divisions of

fortifications, clubs and playgrounds, locks, electrical, marine, dredging, mechanical, and supply.

During the year a total of 224,581 square yards of concrete streets

and roads was constructed, and 12,268 square yards of roadway

with Telford and macadam base, with a wearing surface of asphaltic

concrete and Tarvia.

In the chemical laboratory at Miraflores water purification plant

investigations were made of the concrete aggregates in general use

on the canal in order to determine the necessity or otherwise of

washing the aggregate before incorporating it in the concrete. From

these investigations it has been determined that the extra expense

in washing the aggregate is justified where uniformity of product

and especially where the full strength of concrete is desired. This

laboratory analyzed samples of paint, lime, alum, fertilizers, etc.,

and made special investigations of the cause of corrosion of the leadsheathed cables at Miraflores locks. In addition the laboratory performed its normal duties in connection with the operation of the

water purification plants. The filtered and treated water from the

purification plants was maintained at a high standard of excellence.

For details of the operations of the municipal division, see report

of the municipal engineer. Appendix A.

Meteorology and Hydrography.

The former head of this division, Mr. F. D. Willson, chief

hydrographer, resigned, effective July 17, 1917, and was succeeded

by Mr. E. Z. Kirkpatrick. Mr. Kirkpatrick resigned, effective April

13, 1918, to enter the military service, and Mr. H. G. Cornthwaite

was appointed his successor. The existing observation stations were

continued in operation and certain new stations were established, as follows: A station for the measurement of rainfall on Bohio

Island, November 1, 1917, equipped with standard rain gauge ; equip-
12 THE PANAMA CANAL.

ment for the measurement of evaporation at Alhajiiela, February 23,

1918; standard rain gauge on the Pedro Miguel River, June 25, 1918;

standard rain gauge at Taboga, January 10, 1918, and a rainfall

station at Darien on June 29, 1918.

The rainfall during the calendar year 1917 was above normal in

the interior sections of the Canal Zone, and below normal along tho

Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The least rainfall for the calendar vear

was at Balboa, 64.11 inches, and the greatest rainfall was 115.96

inches at the Gatun River station. In the Pacific section the average

for the year was 80.37 inches; in the Central section, 103.17; and

in the Atlantic section 131.01 inches. The maximum 24-hour rainfall

recorded was 8.58 inches at Gatun on April 28-29. During the first

six months of the calendar year 1918 the rainfall averaged approximately normal at all stations.

The air temperature for the calendar year 1917 averaged from 1° to

2° F. below normal. The highest temperature recorded was in April

and the lowest in February. At Balboa Heights the maximum temperature recorded was 94° F. on April 25, and the minimum recorded

was 58° F, at Alhajuela on February 5. During the first six months

of the calendar year 1918 the temperature has been generally below

normal.

The wind movements over the Canal Zone have been normal. The

maximum velocity recorded was at Colon on November 24, 42 miles

an hour.

The evaporation from the surface of Gatun Lake, as measured at

Gatun, was slightly below normal during the year. The usual prevalence of fogs occurred at the interior stations, and there were no

fogs at either entrance of the canal. As the fogs are, as a general

rule, dissipated by 8.45 a. m., no difficulties were experienced on their

account in the navigation of the canal.

Thirty seismic disturbances were recorded at the Balboa Heights

station during the fiscal year. They were all of low intensity, the

maximum being that of August 31, 1917, which registered III on the

Rossi-Forel scale. No damage resulted in the Canal Zone from any

of these disturbances. The destructive earthquakes in Guatamala

City and vicinity in December, 1917, and January, 1918, were re- corded at the Balboa Heights instrument, but the intensity here

was low.

No changes were made in the hydrographic stations and equipment. A water-stage register was established at Gatuncillo at the

head of the Chagres River arm of Gatun Lake. There were four

freshets in the Chagres River, the largest of which occurred on May

5, 1918, and gave a maximum momentary discharge of 61,200 cubic

feet per second. This has been exceeded but three times in 20 years

at Alhajuela, December, 1906. and November and December, 1909.
EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 13

On January 1, 1918, Gatun Lake was at elevation plus 87.02.

During the dry season it gradually fell to a minimum elevation of

plus 84.52 on April 21. The consumption of water from Gatun

Lake was due to causes with percentages stated as follows : Spillway

discharge 67 per cent; hydroelectric station 16 per cent; evaporation

9 per cent; canal lockages and miscellaneous uses and losses 7 per

cent. The spillway discharge represents the necessary waste during

the wet season in order to maintain the surface of the lake at and

below the prescribed maximum height. As discussed in last year's

report, the annual water supply for Gatun Lake has proved to be

sufficient for the use of the canal to its capacity. In dry seasons of

exceptional length and intensity it will be necessary to conserve the

water used at hydroelectric generating plant in order to maintain

the lake level above the minimum of plus 80, when the number of

lockages approaches the practicable limit of an average of 36 per

day. At such time the deficiency in the electrical output of the generating station at Gatun may be supplemented by the operation of

the steam generating plant at Miraflores.

For details see the report of the chief hydrographer, Appendix A.

Surveys.

Upon the resignation of Mr. O. E. Malsbury, assistant engineer, to

accept a commission in the Army, the survey work was placed in

charge of Mr: F. R. Fitch, assistant engineer, September 11, 1917.

In Colon, corner and grade stakes were set on 46 lots and alley

stakes on 35 lots. Sixteen block monuments were lowered to sidewalk level, and eight monuments were set in the section east of E

Street. In Panama 19 block monuments, which had been destroyed

by street improvements, were replaced ; 28 block monuments were set

in Guachapali section. Monthly observations were continued on

settlement hubs at Gatun dam, which indicated normal settlement.

Levels were run over the settlement hubs on Cano Saddle dam, indicating a settlement hardly appreciable. Surveys were completed of

pastures of the supply department as follows: Caimito, Pedro

Miguel, Miraflores, Arango, Monte Lirio, Summit, and Mandinga.

The total area surveyed was about 24,000 acres. A topographical

survey was made for the health department of the swamp area east

of Margarita railroad for the purpose of estimating the cost of a hydraulic fill. A topographical survey was made for the municipal

engineering division for use in its estimates for the construction of

Army posts at Miraflores dump, and of a tract east of the old road

between Panama and Pedro Miguel. Surveys of several estates were

made and maps prepared for the use of the special attorney in the

hearings before the Joint Commission in the settlement of land

claims. The survey of the Panama-Ancon-Balboa district, begun
14 THE PANAMA CANAL.

last year, was completed. Two new triangulations were established, " Corozal," near the old hotel at Corozal, and " Mole," on the outer

end of the mole at Cristobal. A precise bench mark was established

at Margarita. Fifty-one of the precise bench marks heretofore established in the transisthmian service were cleared, repaired, and

painted. Three Canal Zone boundary monuments were reset on

account of having been destroyed by street construction, and seven

extra monuments were set on the boundary line between the Canal

Zone and the city of Panama. The Colon Hospital, Quarantine, and

Radio reservations were surveyed and monuments set on their

boundaries.

For further details see Appendix A.

Office Engineer.

This office continued under the supervision of Mr. C. J. Embree,

and performed the engineering, architectural, electrical, and miscellaneous designing work for all of the divisions of the canal ex- cept the mechanical division. A total of 964 working drawings were

prepared. The blue-print room attached to this office turned out a

total of 292^885 square feet of prints of all kinds, at an average cost of

0.0123 cent per square foot.

Marine Division.

Between August 21, 1917, the date of the relief from duty with

the canal of Commander H. I. Cone, United States Navy, marine

superintendent, and January 24, 1918, the date of the appointment

of his successor. Commander L. R. Sargent, United States Navy, the

supervision of this division was assumed by the Governor, the captains of the ports reporting directly to him. The operations of the

division included, as heretofore, all matters pertaining to transactions with the canal by ships using its facilities, including the

actual transit through the canal. To these normal duties there were

added in April, 1918, the local administration, under the Governor,

of Title II of the espionage act of June 15, 1917. As the local representative of the War Trade Board the Governor also charged the

marine superintendent with the enforcement of bunker license regulations of the War Trade Board, and for the performance of this

function the marine superintendent and the two port captains have

been designated special agents of the Bureau of Transportation.

There was an increase in traffic as compared with former years. A

total of 2,130 ships of all classes passed through, of which 921 were

bound from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and 1,209 from the Pacific to

the Atlantic. The cargo carried through the canal totaled 7,562,133

tons of 2,240 pounds. The average net tonnage of all ships was
BEPORT OF THE GOVEENOR. 15

3,126, and the average net tonnage of ships carrying cargo was 3,242.

The actual Aveight of cargo transported per ship was 3,681 tons of

2,240 pounds. During the preceding 5^ear there was a total of 1,876

ships passing through the canal, of which 905 were from the Atlantic

to the Pacific, and 971 from the Pacific to the Atlantic. The total

cargo transported through the canal in the preceding fiscal year was

7,229,255 tons of 2,240 pounds. The tolls collected for the year ending June 30, 1918, amounted to $6,439,083.99. Attention has heretofore been called to the necessity for legislation revising the present

law so as to make applicable to all vessels the Panama Canal rules of

admeasurement.' The legislation requested has been pending in

Congress and the merits of the case have been fully set forth in

special reports and in hearings before the appropriate committees of

Congress. If the new law had been available during the past fiscal

year, the tolls collected would have been $7,522,195.68, an increase in

revenue for the canal of $1,083,111.69. This increase in revenue is

not the only advantage that would have accrued, as the present law

and regulations result in lack of uniformity in levying tolls on ships

of different types of construction, and make it necessary to consider

in each case two systems of measurement, one according to the canal

rules and the other according to the United States rules of admeasurement.

In enforcing certain regulations made necessary on account of the

war, the personnel and equipment of the marine division have co- operated with the military and naval branches of the Government.

For further details see the report of the marine superintendent,

Appendix D.

Dredging Division.

The work of this division had so far diminished during the first

six months of the year that on January 1, 1918, it was found advisible to place the dredging units on a single shift of eight hours per

day, and on April 1, 1918, it was practicable to consolidate the two

districts and to direct all the dredging operations from the division

headquarters at Paraiso. The resident engineer, Mr. W. G. Comber,

under whose direction the dredging operations throughout the canal

had been conducted since May 1, 1913, and who had completed 13

years' service with the canal, resigned on June 14, 1918, effective at

the expiration of his leave of absence. The position of resident en- gineer was abolished.

The work having practically reached a maintenance basis, the

division was attached to the supervision of the engineer of maintenance immediately after the close of the fiscal year. As superintendent in charge of the dredging division, Mr. J. M. Pratt was appointed,

effective July 1, 1918.
16 THE PANAMA CANAU

The following equipment was in operntion as stated in each case:

The seagoing suction dredge Culehra^ from July 1 to 20, 1917, in

Gaillard Cut; from July 21 to October 8, 1917, in the service of the

supply department as a boat for the transportation of cattle from

Colombia; from October 9 to 13, 1917, salvaging and wreckmg operations for the rescue of the steamer Somerset^ at Old Providence Island ; from October 14, 1917, to April 3, 1918, maintaining and deepening the Pacific entrance channel and inner harbor at Balboa, and

excavating and transporting sand from Chame Point; from April 4

to 10, 1918, salvaging and wrecking operations for the steamship

Grays Harhor^ grounded at Old Providence Island;. and from April

11 to the end of the year in the service of the supply department as a cattle boat. The dipper dredge Cascadas was operated in the Pacific entrance channel and in the inner harbor at Balboa; excavating

a basin for the naval establishment at Coco Solo; deepening the

channel at the Fort De Lesseps wharf; and widening the- Cristobal

approach channel. The dipper dredge Gamboa was operated in

Gaillard Cut, at the Cucuracha and Culebra slides, and in the work

of widening the canal channel at Paraiso. The dipper dredge Paraiso

was operated at the Culebra and Cucuracha slides and at the channel

improvements at Paraiso. The seagoing ladder dredge Corozal was

at work in Balboa Harbor widening and deepening the Pacific en- trance channel. The 20-inch pipe line dredges Nos. 82^ 83, 84, 85,

and 86 were engaged on various work at different times, including

the digging of sand and gravel for construction purposes in the

Chagres River above jGrfimboa ; excavation at the naval establishment

at Coco Solo ; filling swamp areas ; and maintaining the channel in

Gaillard Cut. Dredge No. 82 was permanently retired from canal

service on May 26, 1918, and dredge No. 86 on May 16, 1918, and both

dredges were transferred to the construction bureau of the office of

the Quartermaster General, United States Army. Of the 10 tugboats

in the dredging service on July 1, 1917, 3 were transferred to the

marine division, 1 to the War Department in the States, and 1

to the Navy Department. The tug Reliance was sunk off the west

breakwater at Cristobal on December 27, 1916, and was floated and

towed to Cristobal shops for overhaul ; it was again placed in commission on August 19, 1917. Dredges operating in the canal prism

at the Atlantic and Pacific terminals and in the sand and gravel

service, removed a total of 6,765,031 cubic yards of material, at an

average unit cost of 45.95 cents per yard, as against a total in 1917 of

15,445,885 cubic yards at an average unit cost of 27.78 cents. The

increase in cost was chiefly due to the diminished output, and in the

sea-level portions of the canal to restrictions in operations imposed by war conditions. In maintaining the canal there were re- moved from the canal prism quantities in the different sections as
EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 17

follows : Atlantic entrance, 19,452 cubic yards ; Gatun Lake, ; Gaillard Cut, 2,285,273 cubic yards ; Miraflores Lake, ; Pacific entrance,

596,975 cubic yards. Original excavation in the canal prism chargeable to construction included 120,000 cubic yards in Gaillard Cut and

319,880 cubic yards at the Pacific entrance, making a total for the

canal prism throughout the length of the canal of 439,880 cubic

yards. At the end of the fiscal year there remained to be removed

from the canal prism, chargeable to construction, quantities as follows : Atlantic entrance, ; Gatun Lake, 50,000 cubic yards ; Gaillard

Cut, 25,000 cubic yards; Pacific entrance, 378,200 cubic yards;

chargeable to maintenance : Atlantic entrance, 732,210 ; Gatun Lake,

165,000; Gaillard Cut, 933,400; Miraflores Lake, 175,000; and Pacific

entrance, 1,712,830 cubic yards.

The slides at Culebra and at Cucuracha have reached a condition

in which they require only intermittent dredging. At no time during

the year was shipping delayed on account of slides, and a channel

of practically full dimensions was maintained by the removal during the year of a total of 1,316.315 cubic yards. Excavation of an

indeterminate but relatively small amount will be necessary in the

future to maintain full dimensions in the canal prism as the slides

move from time to time in their approach to permanent stability.

Advantage was taken of the periods during which no dredging was

necessary at the slides to effect improved conditions at two points in

the canal. Immediately below the Miraflores locks on the west bank

of the canal there was a projecting point of land which complicated

the tidal currents and the currents resulting from the discharge of

water from Miraflores Lake through the Miraflores locks in lock

operations, and which interfered with the safe handling of ships. A

project involving the excavation by dredging of 230,000 cubic yards

of earth and 225,000 cubic yards of rock was approved, and of these

quantities 68,400 cubic yards of earth and 14,600 cubic yards of rock

had been removed on June 30, 1918. At the Paraiso point of intersection, one-half mile north of Pedro Miguel locks, and immediately

south of the pontoon bridge at Paraiso, a high point of -land obstructed the view at a place where north and south-bound ships frequently meet. An improvement at this point was authorized, consisting of a slight widening of the canal and the removal of the high

bank, involving a total removal of 66,000 cubic yards of earth and

370,000 cubic yards of rock. Of these quantities, 21,100 cubic yards

of earth and 81,000 cubic yards of rock had been excavated at the

close of the year. Inspections of slide areas were made from time to

time, with especial reference to the maintenance of drainage conditions. Periodical instrumental observations were taken on the points

established in 1916 on Gold, Zion, Contractors, and Purple Hills,

indicating no movement.
18 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Miscellaneous dredging included the removal of 1,150,510 cubic

yards of earth and 644,838 cubic yards of rock from the Atlantic

terminal, and 1,160,693 cubic yards of earth and 152,975 cubic yards

of rock from the Pacific terminal.

The rock and timber dikes at Mindi Beach, south of Limon Bay,

were maintained, only minor repairs being necessary. No new dikes

were constructed.

In the elimination of w ater hyacinths from the waters of the canal,

328,859 square yards of hyacinths were cleared hj arsenic spraying,

and 564,132 young plants were uprooted and destroyed.

For further details, reference is invited to the report of the superintendent in charge of dredging. Appendix C.

Mechanical Division.

The work of this division continued in charge of Commander R. D,

Gatewood, naval constructor, and the mechanical plants remained

as reported last year wnth the exception that the Paraiso shops were

closed down on August 25, 1917, owing to the greatly diminished

amount of repair work required for the dredging division in that

vicinity. On October 1, 1917, the electrical forces of the mechanical

division were transferred to the electrical division, except tAvo electricians at Balboa shops and two at Cristobal shops for the maintenance of plant work. Owing to the congested condition of the

shipyards and docks in the States, an abnormal amount of repairs

to ships was conducted, including the thorough overhaul of two large

ships for the Navy and the steamship Ancon, of the Panama Railroad

Steamship Line. Minor repairs were made to various ships of the

Navy as they passed through the canal. Construction work was

performed for the local Army and Navy establishments. Canal equipment was placed in the dry docks for repairs at Cristobal and Balboa as follows: Dredges Nos. 82, 83, 85, 86, Chagres, Cascadas,

Culehra, C&rozal, Gamhoa, Marmot, and Paraiso; 26 barges and 5

scows; and tugs Porto Bello, Chame, Engineer, Miraflores, De Lessees, La Valley, Bohio, La Boca, and Mariner. Repairs not requiring

the use of the dry docks were made to the tug Reliance, which re- quired extensive overhaul; tugs La Boca, Miraflores, and Mariner.

There were overhauled and shipped for the Alaskan Engineering

Commission and private firms 70 locomotives, 5 steam shovels, 400

flat cars, 30 Rodger ballast cars, and 30 dump cars. On account of

the high cost and difficulty of transporting lumber from the States,

this division has investigated the native lumber field, with the result

that about 2,000,000 feet of lumber have been obtained. Changes and

improvements in the Balboa shops included the construction of a

steel paling fence around the inclosure; the removal of the old Panama Railroad shed covering Pier No. 15, making the space available
KEPOKT OF THE GOVERNOR. 19

as repair wharves; the extension of the roof over the west end of

the foundry; an extension at the north end of building No. 2; an

extension to the car shop ; the installation of a pipe-bending machine

for the sheet-metal shop ; bending rolls and plate planer in the boiler

shop; and of a band-saw mill with capacity to handle hardwood

logs 48 inches in diameter by 60 feet long.

At the Cristobal shops, repairs were made to the dry-dock gates,

and new equipment has been installed as follows: Pipe threading

and cutting machine, a power hack saw, 14-inch drill press, and an

electric welding machine.

For further details see report of the superintendent, mechanical

division, Appendix E.

SUPPLY DEPARTMENT.

Following the relief from duty with the canal of Lieut. Col. W. R.

Grove as chief quartermaster, and Capt. F. H. Smith as assistant

chief quartermaster, changes in the organization of the department

were made. The position of assistant chief quartermaster was

abolished, and the work of the department was subdivided into several branches, as follows

:

(a) District quartermasters, hotels, restaurants, messes, and storehouses, under the direct supervision of a superintendent, reporting

to the chief quartermaster.

(b) Commissary division, operated under a general manager, re- porting to the chief quartermaster, and including commissary warehouses, cold storage plants, manufacturing plants, abattoir, laundries,

and retail commissaries.

(c) Pastures, plantations, hog farms, chicken farms, and dairies,

under the immediate supervision of a superintendent, cattle industry,

who has also direct charge of the operation of the cattle boats, and

who reports to the chief quartermaster.

(d) Purchase of live stock and cattle, in charge of a cattle buyer,

who reports to the chief quartermaster.

(e) United States requisition bureau, under the chief of bureau,

reporting to the chief quartermaster.

(/) Printing plant, designated as The Panama Canal Press, and

operated under the charge of a printer, who reports to the chief

quartermaster.

The commissaries, cattle industry, pastures, plantations, dairies,

etc., and the Washington Hotel, are financed by the Panama Railroad, but the operations are conducted under the supervision of the

chief quartermaster of The Panama Canal.

Labor.—There was a marked reduction in the number of employees

on the silver roll accomplished gradually during the year. On June

30, 1918, the number employed was 16,157, as compared with 20,597

86372°—18 3
20 THE PANAMA CAKAL.

on June 30, 1917. The decrease resulted from the completion of construction work. The problem of caring for the unemployed, who

were in general living in the cities of Panama and Colon, was someAvhat simplified by the voluntary departure of a number to Cuba

and the United States, and by the repatriation of others to the

islands wiience they came.

Quarters.—Applications by gold employees for family quarters

were reduced from 257 on file June 30, i917, to 226 on June 30,

1018. At the end of the fiscal years ther« were 1,721 applications on

file by silver employeas for married quarters, distributed as follows

:

Balboa, 602 ; Pedro Miguel, 114 ; Gatun, 30 ; and Cristobal, 975.

On account of the reduction in the volume of dredge work at

Gaillard Cut, the village of Paraiso was abandoned as a residence

for gold employees, and 30 family quarters vacated were converted

into quarters for silver employees, providing a total of 80 apartments for occupation by silver employees of the dredging division,

of the Pedro Miguel locks, and of other branches of canal work

centered at Pedro Miguel.

The situation as to bachelor quarters for gold employees has improved so that 60 per ceiit of all bachelors are provided for at the

rate of one man to a room. Additional bachelor quarters should

ultimately be provided, but the matter is held in abeyance for the

duration of the war.

Further experience with electric ranges in gold quarters, referred

to in last year's report, indicates that they are slightly more ex- pensive than coal-burning ranges, and no further installations are

being made. The increased cost is due, not to the relative expense of

electric current, but to the high cost of maintenance of the ranges.

Corrals.—The number of animals in the corrals was reduced from

52 horses and 289 mules on July 1, 1917, to 39 horses and 210 mules

on June 30, 1918. The reduction of animals in the corrals was due

to deaths, condemnation and sale, and transfers to plantation work.

There was an increase from 115 to 176 in the number of motor vehicles of all descriptions, including trucks for handling supplies for

the construction divisions and vehicles for commissary deliveries,

mail deliveries, and garbage collection. Experience shows not only

a saving in time, but a decreased cost of operation in the use of

motor-driven as compared with animal-drawn vehicles.

Materials and supplies.—There was a considerable reduction in

the number of requisitions prepared and forwarded to the general

purchasing officer in Washington, and in the value of the materials

received, compared with the preceding yeaf. For the year covered

by this report there was a total of 880 requisitions for supplies, of

a total value of $8,700,356.62, as compared with 1,347 requisitions to

the value of $10,817,106.51 for the preceding year. There was a
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 21

reduction in the value of local purchases, being $1,349,783.84, as compared with $1,516,914.79 for the preceding year.

The value of material in stock on June 30, 1918, was $6,747,688.26,

showing an increase of $698,703.56 during the year. This increase is

mainly due to the greater cost of material and the upward tendency

of the market. A comparison of prices shows an average value in- crease of 131 per cent during the last four years, with a particularly

marked increase during the last year, and although the amount of

stores on hand shows an increase in money value, in total quantity

it is smaller. Also owing to conditions resulting from th-e war,

an increased stock had to be carried of certain commodities. Sales

to Government departments and commercial steamships aggregated

$1,630,827.60, an increase of $1,037,204.60 over the preceding year.

The principal items sold were lumber, building material, general

hardware, rope, cable, gasoline, kerosene, and lubricating oils. The

consumption of cement for the year was 149,039 barrels, as compared

with 270,053 barrels for the preceding year. The details of the collections and sales of obsolete material, equipment, and scrap are contained in the report of the chief quartermaster, Appendix E.

Fuel oil iJlants.—A contract with the Standard Oil Co. of California for the delivery at Balboa of 700,000 barrels, expires September 1, 1918, On June 30, 1918, a balance of 188,357 barrels remained

to be delivered. A contract with the Atlantic Refining Co. for the

delivery of 240,000 barrels of fuel oil at Cristobal expired June 30,

1918, with 75,000 barrels under order remaining to be delivered. The

canal equipment for storing oil is to be increased by the construction

of a 55,000-barrel capacity concrete fuel oil tank at Mount Hope,

which was 75 per cent completed at the end of the year. A total of

2,517,217 barrels of fuel oil was handled by the Balboa and Mount

Hope fuel oil plants, for a total of 438 vessels.

The Paimma Canal Press.—Equipment was added to the printing

plant at a cost of $3,072.21. The value of stock on hand on June

30, 1918, was $86,542.96, as compared with $81,767.72 for the preceding year. Unserviceable items were surveyed and disposed of to

the value of $220.27.

Subsistence.—The net revenue from the restaurants and messes

operated by the canal was $598,153.51, a decrease of $42,914.08 under

the preceding year. The cost of operations was $594,395.99, a de- crease of $39,754.34. The charges for building repairs, fuel, and

light are not included in these figures. They are absorbed by canal

appropriations, the reason being that these charges are not made

to employees living in family quarters, and it would be unfair to

include them in the cost of meals to the employees patronizing the

restaurants and messes. The new lunch room at the Balboa shops

was completed and occupied on September 7, 1917. There was a
22 THE PANAMA CANAL.

considerable decrease in revenue at the hotels Tivoli and Washington. The operation of the Hotel Tivoli showed a net loss of $8,169.95,

and the Hotel Washington showed a net loss of $15,-165.92. The

losses are due entirely to diminished patronage which results from

lack of travel on account of war conditions. The hotels must be

kept open as necessary utilities for the public having business with

the canal. It is not practicable to prevent losses by increasing rates,

and the cost of operation has been reduced to the minimum consistent

with providing hotel facilities. There is no apparent reason why,

on the resumption of normal conditions, the operation of these hotels

should be a burden upon the canal appropriations or upon the funds

of the Panama Railroad.

The efforts of the supply department to reduce the dependence of

the Canal Zone population upon outside sources, especially the United

States, for foodstuffs, referred to in report for last year, have been

continued, and considerable progress has been made. The industries

involved are financed by the Panama Railroad, but in this report it

is appropriate to make a brief review of the results obtained. The

production of native beef for consumption on the Isthmus and by

the steamship trade utilizing the canal, has grown to such an extent

that it was not necessary during the year to import beef fram the

United States. The hog industry has been developed so as to provide

in sufficient quantities, ham, bacon, and sausage. The chicken farm

has been developed to the extent of providing 23,914 doz^n eggs during the past six months. At the Mindi dairy farm, which was placed

in operation in January, 1918, there has been a monthly production

of milk that has increased from 971 gallons in January to 5,373

gallons in June. The plantations have provided in significant quantities, various fruits and vegetables, including among the principal

items, string beans, cucumbers, green corn, cocoanuts, onions, radishes, tomatoes, eggplant, sweet potatoes, oranges, okra, yams, plantain, bananas, alligator pears, papaya, and mangoes.

With the approval of the Secretary of War, Army commissaries

were established under the administration of the quartermaster department of the Army, at the military posts of Fort Sherman, Fort

Randolph, Las Cascadas, Empire, Culebra, and Corozal. The canal

commissaries at those points Avere consequently abandoned, except

that in order to provide for the Panama Canal employees working

on the west bank of the canal a commissary at Empire was continued.

The regulations of the Food Administration at Washington have

been applied on the Canal Zone wherever the commodities affected

were imported from the United States.

For further details see the report of the chief quartermaster,

Appendix F.
EEPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 23

ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT.

This department continued under the charge of Mr. H. A. A.

Smith, auditor. It is subdivided into the division of auditing and

accounting, under the direction of the auditor, assisted by Mr. Elwyn

Green; division of collections, under the collector, Mr. T. L. Clear;

and the division of disbursements, under the paymaster, Mr. J. H.

McLean. Disbursements were made by the paymaster in the amount

of $29,962,046.32, of which $11,273,280.32 were on account of the

Panama Railroad. Employees on the gold rolls of the canal were

paid $6,269,614.59, and on the silver roll $5,442,626.14. The sum of

$6,976,425.27 was paid on miscellaneous vouchers. Collections on

pay rolls totaled $3,897,644.15, of which $3,048,091.07 were collected

for coupon books and meal tickets; $87,002.45 for rent; and the re- mainder for miscellaneous items. The Panama branch of the Commercial National Bank of AVashington, D. C, was transferred on

July 10, 1918, to the American Foreign Banking Corporation, the

latter continuing as a Government depository and fiscal agent. Small

deposits of United States Government and Panama Railroad funds

are carried in this bank. The use of gold and of Panaman silver in

making payments has been practically discontinued, and paper cur- rency and American silver substituted therefor. The sum of $1,622,-

000 has been imported by the canal for use in making payments.

Collections repaid to appropriations totaled $8,625,298.20. Deposits by owners and o^'ents of ships for payment of tolls and charges

for supplies and services rendered by canal facilities totaled $13,859,-

467.05, of which $9,690,341.45 \f ere deposited with the collector on the

Isthmus, and the remainder, $4,169,125.60, with the Assistant Treasurer of the United States to the credit of the collector. Of the total

deposited the sum of $691,044.36 was refunded on settlement of

accounts. There were transferred to the Postmaster General of the

United States, in payment of money orders drawn on the United

States, funds to the amount of $1,655,000.

The tolls actually collected on vessels transiting the canal during

the year amounted to $6,439,083.99. The sum of $2,321.25 was collected in addition for tolls on a vessel that passed through the canal

during the preceding year. In further reference to the loss of

revenue to the canal on account of the present legislation relating

to rules of measurement of vessels, it may be stated here that, including the amounts refunded during the year, under authority of the

act of Congress of June 12, 1917, the total loss of revenue since the

opening of the canal has aggregated $2,797,260.26. The chief beneficiaries of the present rules of measurement have been vessels under

foreign register.
24 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The sum of $26,525.82 was paid in settlement of small claims for

damage to vessels passing through the locks. These claims have

thus far been adjusted and settled by mutual agreement without re- course to the courts, as authorized by the Panama Canal act.

Through an arrangement with the local banks, subscriptions to

the First, Second, and Third Liberty Loans were settled for by payroll deductions in five equal monthly installments for each bond

issued. In this manner collections were made of $218,618.47 for the

First Liberty Loan; $339,960.35 for the Second Liberty Loan; and

$260,870.49 for the Third Liberty Loan. Collections were also made

by pay-roll deductions of $6,142.73 for War Savings Stamps, and

$34,276.80 for Red Cross War Relief Fund.

To June 30, 1918, the total appropriated by Congress for the

canal and fortificatiDns was $441,375,781.44. For the construction of

the canal and its immediate adjuncts the sum of $379,105,043.92 has

been appropriated. Omitting from this sum amounts appropriated

for colliers and coal barges; for the construction of Dock No. at

Cristobal; for reboilering and repairing the steamships Ancon and

Cristobal, all of which were specifically exempted by law as charges

against the authorized bond issue, the amount appropriated chargeable against the bond issue is $372,391,853.92, leaving a balance available for canal construction within the limit of the cost and the

authorized bond issue of $2,831,302.08. The amount repaid on the.

cost of construction from miscellaneous receipts to June 30, 1918, was

$6,879,278.03, which being deducted from the total sums appropriated

chargeable against the bond issue leaves the sum of $365,512,575.89 as the total amount expended and on hand for expenditure for projects

included within estimates upon which the cost of the canal v\'as based.

The amount shown as the cost of constructing the canal will be

further reduced by receipts from the sale of construction material

and equipment, and by collections to be made to cover the money

expended for waterworks, sewers, and pavements in the cities of

Panama and Colon. As a matter of bookkeeping, the canal is entitled also to credit for the value of buildings and other public

works, equipment and plant, transferred to the Army, the Alaskan

Engineering Commission, and the State Department without actual

payment therefor. The estimated value of items so transferred is

$1,973,011.17.

Under the agreement with the Republic of Panama, expenditures

to June 30, 1918, of a total of $4,361,790.56 have been made on construction, operation and maintenance of waterworks, sewers, and

pavements in the cities of Panama and Colon. These expenditures

are to be reimbursed to the United States at the expiration of 50

years from July 1, 1907. There has been thus far reimbursed or is

immediately due, the sum of $2,339,860.10. The amount immediately
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 25

due is $62,404.64, and the remaining total of $2,021,930.46 is payable

in installments in the next 42 years.

The principal expenditures chargeable to capital cost paid from

construction and maintenance and operation appropriations, are as

folloAYS : From Gatun to Pedro Miguel, 120,000 cubic yards of original rock excavation at a cost of $67,864.78; from Pedro Miguel to

the Pacific Ocean 319,880 cubic yards of dredged material, of which

48 per cent was earth and 52 per cent rock, at a total cost of

$292,558.52. For the power producing and transmitting systems a

total of $618,886.72 was expended, which includes paj'^ments on the

extension of the Gatun hydroelectric station, operating machinery for

the same, transformer substations, duct lines, and distribution lines.

In continuing the construction of the Atlantic terminal there was

expended at the Cristobal coaling plant the sum of $26,127.55 and at

Mount Hope fuel-oil plant $41,243.18. In the construction of concrete Vv^alls and piers at Cristobal, $611,142.44 were expended toward

the construction of Pier No. 6 and boathouse between Piers Nos. 7

and 8. At the Pacific terminal there were expended for removal by

dredging of the dry dock cofferdam, $47,792.85 ; dredging inner harbor, $379,573.88, involving the removal of 1,225,833 cubic yards of

material and the pumping of 687,713 cubic yards of spoil in connection with the filling of swamp areas. At Balboa sliops the sum of

$204,508.97 was expended, of which the principal item was $146,-

996.46, for additional equipment. Rat-proofing walls and piers,

$58,307.67. Dredging out berth at the fuel-oil plant, $21,171.49. For

permanent townsites there was a total of $174,281.57 expended, the

principal items being, Balboa toAvnsite, $65,423.03, and Colon Beach

townsite, $78,581.33. For permanent buildings there were expended

$1,284,935.04, of which the principal items were, storehouse, $12,-

500.58; hotels and mess halls, $29,669.08; gold quarters, $46,464.13;

silver quarters, $94,293.79 ; hospitals, $774,038.17, of which $35,235.01

was at the Colon Hospital and $738,803.16 at the Ancon Hospital;

dispensaries, $46,254.74; schoolhouses, $56,188.48; incinerator at Balboa, $105,034.28. For road construction not included in townsites

there were expended $150,707.79. In payment of awards of the Joint

Commission and settlements by the land office there were expended

$298,556.17.

Collection for licenses and taxes totaled $12,532.39 ; court fees and

fines, $19,668.28; postal receipts, $107,165.85. These revenues derived by the Canal Zone Government have been deposited in the

Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts. Eevenues

derived from operation of the various clubhouses amounted to $365.-

701.50, as compared with $233,544.22 received during the previous

3'ear. /*. *•

'. \' r I. -'- >
26 THE PANAMA CANAL.

During the year there were reported 3,413 accidental injuries, and

85 accidental deaths of employees, as compared with 4,068 accidental

injuries and 39 accidental deaths reported during the prior year.

Claims for compensation on account of these injuries and deaths were

allowed in 1,495 cases of injuries and 3 cases of death. The sum

of $42,396.54 was allowed on account of injuries to employees, including the canal and the railroad, and the sum of $3,848.77 on ac- count of deaths, making a total of $46,254.31 allowed during the

year under the act of September 2, 1916.

There were expended in the operation and maintenance of the

canal, $5,903,719.69, as compared with $6,788,147.60 during the previous year. The reduction was due to the decreased expenditure for

dredging in Gaillard Cut on account of the improvement in the slide

conditions. The expenses for operation and maintenance of the locks

increased from $737,430.39 during 1917 to $744,961.00 for 1918. The

expenses of the marine division were reduced from $313,036.46 in

1917 to $293,546.28 in 1918. The direct charges for operation and

maintenance totaled $3,077,068.37, as against $4,250,162.99 in 1917.

The overhead expense charged to operation and maintenance in ar- riving at the total sum of $5,903,719.69 was $2,826,651.32, including

charges for civil government, $678,232.88; hospitals, quarantine,

and sanitation, $635,854.03 ; and for administration, $1,512,564.44, including the executive department, accounting department, Washington office, operation of and repairs to storehouses and quarters for

employees, lighting of streets, operation and maintenance of waterworks, and maintenance of sewer systems and roads. Offsetting the

total expense of $5,903,719.69 are amounts earned as tolls, $6,454,-

198.35 ; licenses and taxes, court fees and fines, $140,918.01 ; profits

on business operations, $6,159.56, making a total of $6,601,275.92.

These figures indicate revenues earned in excess of expenses amounting to $697,556.23, as against a loss of $979,648.90 for the previous

year. Except for a few minor items the charges to operation and

maintenance above given do not include charges for depreciation of

plant or interest on the capital investment.

The total revenue derived from business operations carried on with

Panama Canal funds, amounted to $10,324,071.91, as against a total

of $7,579,588.44 during the previous year. The net profit resulting

from these operations and covered into the treasury as miscellaneous

receipts, was for the year $6,159.56. In reporting this fact it should

be stated that shop work, work for the Panama Railroad and other

departments of the Government, and all services rendered for employees are performed at cost, except that subsistence and hospital

services to employees are rendered at less than cost. Fair profits are

made on the sales c^f water, dry {lockage at Balboa, and on the sale

of fuel. oil. The capital for carrying on the business operations of
REPOET OF THE GOVERNOR. 27

the canal is supplied by the appropriation for maintenance and operation.

The appropriations for operation and maintenance have been limited to the amounts required for current expenses, and in order to

provide a sufficient fund for carrying a stock of materials required in

the conduct of the operations of the canal a special item for stock is

necessary and will be estimated for.

For further details see the report of the auditor, Appendix G.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

This department continued under the Governor with Mr. C. A.

Mcllvaine as executive secretary. In addition to the usual work,

operations were expanded for the administration of laws and regulations of local application made and issued on account of war

conditions. Of these the main items are the censorship of mails and

the enforcement of regulations of the War Trade Board. For these

purposes it was necessary to increase the number of employees of the

division of civil affairs by 52 men. The division of schools employed

13 additional teachers to care for the increased enrollment of pupils.

There was a reduction in the police and fire division of 21 employees,

due primarily to the withdrawal of special police detailed at the

locks, the guarding of these structures having been taken over by the

Army.

With the outbreak of the war, admission to certain areas in the

Canal Zone was limited to employees and others having business

therein, and permits and means of identification were required. Arrangements are in progress for the establishment of a system of

photo-metal checks, similar to those used by the munition plants

and Navy yards in the United States, which will take the place of

the permits and which provide a positive means of identification and

minimize the possibilities of unauthorized or fraudulent use. The bureau of statistics, created during the preceding fiscal year,

has compiled much data of wages paid in the United States for work

comparable with that on the Isthmus. This work has been abnormally large on account of the frequent changes of wages in Government establishments in the States, which changes are followed and

put into effect on the canal. Investigations were made and statistics

kept of living conditions of silver employees, whose rates of pay were

twice advanced during the year to meet the increased cost of living.

Bureau of Clubs and Playgrounds.

Clubs for gold employees were maintained at Cristobal, Gatun,

Paraiso, Pedro Miguel, Ancon, and Balboa, and for silver employees

at Cristobal, Gatun, and La Boca. The clubhouses are social centers

of the Canal Zone population and are indispensable to satisfactory
28 THE PANAMA CANAL.

community life, in the necessary absence of any other facilities for

a like purpose. The clubhouses were established in the early da3's

of the construction period and the buildings are of frame construction and in general are old and inadequate in size, arrangements, and

equipment. When normal conditions are restored after the war,

the clubhouses should be rebuilt of permanent material, and with

enlarged facilities and equipment. The entertainments provided

have been practically limited to moving-picture exhibitions, except

on a few occasions there have been entertainments by local amateurs

or by professional entertainers who chanced to be in Panama en route

to other places. The stadium on the athletic field at Balboa has

been in frequent use for patriotic exercises on national holidays and

for special entertainments provided for the Liberty Loan and Red

Cross activities. It has also been regularly used during the baseball

season. The encouragement of the popular and distinctly American

game of baseball has been of benefit to a large class of employees.

Division or Civil Affairs.

Bureau of Posts.—The number of post offices remained at 16, of

which 14 are monej^-order offices. The total revenues from the

postal service, including box rents, payments from the Panama Railroad Company, from the Republic of Panama for transportation of

its mail between Panama and Colon, and from the United StatosPost

Office Department for handling United States transit mails, were

$145,231.81, as compared with $110,741.41 for the preceding year.

There was a total of 167,504 money orders, amounting to $3,372,-

973.55, issued, on which fees amounting to $11,918.35 were collected.

On June 30, 1918, there w^as on deposit the sum of $1,097.15 as unpaid money orders drawn on Canal Zone post offices in favor of

remitters. The deposit money orders totaled $1,244,335. Payments on deposit money orders aggregated $1,441,225. The balance on deposit on June 30, 1918, w^as $499,490. The deposits have

been less during the year, on account of subscriptions by depositors

to liberty bonds and war savings stamps. Interest on deposit

money orders was paid to the amount of $8,441.71, as compared

with $1,813.93 for the previous year. The registry business at the

post offices was largely increased ; 266,867 parcels and letters Avere

handled, of which 130,894 were dispatched, and 135,973 were re- ceived. There were received in the mails from the United States

15,629 parcels containing articles imported by employees of the

United States Government on the Canal Zone, as compared with

13,938 for the preceding year. The office of the director of posts

issued 1,308 duplicates of lost or stolen mone}^ orders, investigated

136 cases of losses and nondelivery of registered mail, and under-
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 29

took investigations for the United States Post Office Department of

mail in transit through the Canal Zone. Several arrests were made

during the year for misuse of the mails, including the misuse of canceled postage stamps, false personation in attempts to cash money orders, fraudulent use of the mails in violation of section 1707, Postal

Laws and Regulations. Six arrests were made and five convictions

secured for rifling mail aboard United Fruit Co.'s steamers

while in port at Cristobal. On account of the establishment of cen- sorship of mail, the bureau of posts, in December, 1917, took charge

of the handling of all mails entering and dispatched from the Canal

Zone. Formerly certain countries in Central and South America

maintained postal agents in the cities of Panama and Colon, who

received and opened mail bags arriving from those countries and

who dispatched mails originating in Panama, destined to those

countries.

Bureau of Customs.—The total number of vessels entered was 4,447,

and the total number cleared was 4,443, as compared with 3,718 en- tered and 3,721 cleared in the previous year. There arrived on the

Isthmus 447 prohibited aliens—255 at Balboa and 192 at Cristobal. Of

these, 223 were admitted to the Republic of Panama by authority of

that Government, the remainder proceeded to their ultimate destination or were returned to the port of embarkation. This bureau is

charged with the enforcement of the President's Executive order of

February 6, 1917, relating to the exclusion of Chinese. There were

seven arrests for attempted smuggling, resulting in six convictions

and one acquittal. Under the arrangements with the Republic of

Panama, by which employees of the United States Government are allowed free entrj' of goods imported for their own use, there were

approved 1,381 requests for free entry, compared with 2,533 for the

previous j^ear. The inspection and certification of household goods

packed for shipment to the United States has been unusually heavy

on account of the frequent departures of canal employees and Army

officers transferred to the States. Merchandise arriving at canal ports

for delivery within the Republic of Panama is released to the Panama

officials upon receipt of papers showing the payment of duty on such

merchandise. There were 5,690 permits for such releases at Cristobal

and 10 at Balboa.

The assistant chief of the division of civil affairs, as shipping commissioner, with the chief customs inspectors as deputies, has

charge of signing on and discharging American seamen in Canal

Zone ports and the settlement of disputes between the masters and

members of such crews regarding wages, advance fines, and general

treatment. There were 2,836 seamen shipped on American vessels

and 2,549 discharged. Seamen's wages were received for deposit at

the port of Balboa in the total sum of $5,293.31, of which all but
30 THE PANAMA CANAL.

$320.91 were disbursed. At Cristobal $13,300.55 were received, and

$1,009.23 remained not disbursed on June 30, 1918.

There were administered 199 estates of deceased and insane employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Company,

and 35 were in the course of settlement at the end of the year. Of

the 199 estates settled, 112 were delivered to the consular or diplomatic representative in the Republic of Panama or the United States,

of the countries of which the deceased or insane persons were citizens

;

60 estates were settled directly with the heirs ; 5 settled with administrators or guardians; 2 were repaid to persons who had recovered

their sanity ; and the net proceeds of 20 estates were applied to settle

the claims against them. The total amount involved in the 199 estates

was $13,562.07.

A total of 2,873 licenses were issued for motor vehicles, bicj-cles,

hunting permits, and the keeping and carrying of firearms. The fees

collected amounted to $7,359.15.

Police and Fire Division.

Upon the relief of Capt. H. D. Mitchell, United States Army, on

July 8, 1917, Mr. Guy Johannes was appointed as his successor as chief of the police and fire division. Besides their normal duties, the

police division of the canal performed considerable extra work incident to the war in connection with the protection of the canal and

the general interests of the United States on the Isthmus. This

work was performed in cooperation with the Army authorities. Fiftj^-

two first-class policemen and 16 colored policemen were appointed;

and 51 first-class policemen and 2 colored policemen left the service.

There were 4,426 arrests made; 4,125 males and 301 females. The

common-jail prisoners averaged 85.83 per month ; and all those physically able were employed in road work. The total value of such labor

amounted to $14,199.80, figured at the rates in effect for common labor. There were two arrests and prosecutions in the district court

on charges of transporting or trafficking in opium in the Canal

Zone. In one case the charge for violation of the opium act was

dismissed, but the accused was found guilty of violation of customs

regulations and fined $100. In the other case the accused was found

guilty and sentenced to pay a fine of $50. The police division maintained a continuous patrol of the harbors at Balboa and Cristobal for

the enforcement of the navigation laws and prevention of smuggling

and irregular traffic, and to assist in the enforcement of military

regulations. Launches were maintained at two points on Gatun Lake

for the same purpose. A motorcycle patrol service was maintained

for the enforcement of automobile and other vehicular regulations,

and for special emergency police service. Twenty-five arrests were

made for trespassing on Canal Zone lands, and 24 convictions were
EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOR. 31

secured. Eighty-four persons were deported from the Canal Zone,

of whom 47 were convicts who had completed their term of imprisonment, and 37 were persons who had been convicted of misdemeanor

charges and were deemed undesirable persons to be permitted to re- main on the Zone. Seventy-two convicts were received at the penitentiary during the year. The terms of 52 convicts were completed

and the convicts discharged. At the end of the year there were 54

convicts in custody at the penitentiary, as compared with 35 at the

close of the preceding year. The cost of subsisting and guarding

convicts was $20,113.77, of which $4,900.35 were expended for subsistence of convicts; $1,319.32 for subsistence of guards; $8,902.38

for salaries of officers and guards at the penitentiary ; and $4,991.72

for salaries of officers and guards employed to guard convicts on

road work. Four convicts were pardoned, and parts of sentences

were remitted in seven cases. There were two escapes from the penitentiary on June 23, 1918. One was recaptured on the day of the

escape, and one remained at large until his recapture on July 4, 1918.

There were investigations by the coroner in 52 cases of death, of

which 20 were due to accidental drowning and 21 to accidental

traumatism.

For the fire division a new motor combination pumping engine and

hose wagon was installed at Balboa on January 30, 1918. This equipment completes the substitution of motor-drawn for horse-drawn apparatus throughout the Canal Zone. Periodical inspections of Government buildings, docks, storehouses, yards, and other establishments were maintained to determine the condition of fire extinguishers, minor apparatus, and hose. There were 69 fires and 5 false

alarms. The total fire loss amounted to $259,351.60, of which $230,000

represents loss due to a fire on the Panama Bailroad steamship

PanaTYia^ which arrived at Cristobal with a fire in her hold.

Division of Schools.

Regular sessions were resumed on October 8, 1917, in the new

buildings at Ancon, Balboa, Pedro Miguel, Gatun, and Cristobal,

there being a slight delay on account of the late arrival of furniture

and equipment for these buildings. The remainder of the Canal

Zone schools were opened on October 1, with the exception of the

La Boca school, where an epidemic of measles and whooping cough

delayed the opening until October 8. The average daily attendance

for the school year was 1,963.2—1,322.9 in the white schools and 640.2

in the colored schools ; compared with 1,709.2—1,212.2, and 495.6, re- spectively, for the previous year. The regular physical examination

of pupils was made, resulting in the treatment of 679 pupils for

defects discovered, consisting in the largest proportion of defective

teeth. Courses of manual training and household arts were con-
32 THE PANAMA CANAL.

ducted at Cristobal, for Cristobal and Gatim pupils, and at Balboa,

for Balboa, Ancon, and Pedro Miguel pupils. The apprentice department has been in effective operation with 40 pupils. The classes

are conducted in the office building of the shops at Balboa, and in a warehouse in close proximity to the Cristobal shops. The course of

physical training and athletics was continued with satisfactory results. There were 28 pupils graduated from the high school, giving

a total of 89 graduates since the establishment of the high school.

Courts.

In the district courts, 194 cases were pending at the beginning of

the year ; 930 cases were filed, and 900 cases settled during the year,

leaving a total of 224 cases pending at the close of the year. There

were 139 sessions. A total of 790 marriage licenses were issued, and

17 deeds were recorded. The collections of the courts totaled

$6,248.20, consisting of civil costs, fines, forfeitures, and various fees.

The magistrate's court at Balboa had seven cases pending at the beginning of the year, and during the year 1,863 were filed, of which

1,793 were criminal and 70 civil. Of the criminal cases tried, there

were 1,330 convictions, 314 were committed to the district court, and

23 were dismissed. Total collections of fines, fees, and costs

amounted to $8,086.15. The magistrate's court at Cristobal had two

cases pending from last year; 1,938 cases were filed during the year,

of which 1,913 were criminal and 25 civil. Of the criminal cases,

there were 1,374 convictions, 263 acquittals, 26 suspensions, 39 dismissals, and 209 committed to the district court. Total . collections

for fines, fees, and costs amounted to $5,667.03.

The report of the district attorney is printed as appendix I. The office of the marshal for the Canal Zone received 659 writs of

process in civil cases, of which 602 were served. The marshal or

his deputy attended 139 sessions of the district court at Balboa and

Cristobal. Witnesses attending court were paid a total of $65.10.

Collections for the service of court papers in civil cases amounted to

$402.40.

Relations with Panama.

Negotiations by correspondence or personal conference between the

executive secretary of The Panama Canal and the secretary of foreign

relations of the Republic of Panama included the following subjects, in addition to routine matters

:

Installation of buoys to mark the restricted area in the Bay of

Panama for the guidance of navigators, etc.

Purchases at Canal Zone commissaries by unauthorized persons.

Exportation of coin and bar silver of the Republic of Panama.

New schedule of coach and automobile tariff in the districts of

Panama and Colon and the Canal Zone.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 33

Desirability of not advertising departure of vessels in newspapers

in connection with the closing of mails.

Discontinuance of discharge of cargo at Balboa consigned to

Panama by the South American Steamship Company.

Preservation of neutrality of the Canal Zone and the Republic of

Panama and treatment of vessels in the service of the entente

powers arriving and departing from Canal Zone ports and passing

through the canal.

Extradition from the Republic of Panama to the Canal Zone of

the former vice president of the Continental Banking and Trust Co.

Collection of customs duty on dutiable merchandise arriving at

Canal Zone post offices.

Police protection at Colon Beach.

Delay in receiving money to the credit of a deceased employee in

a bank in the city of Panama by the administrator of estates.

Permits for the construction of wooden houses on Colon Beach for

the United Fruit Co.

Permission granted to Arraijan farmers to cross canal at Balboa

without restrictions as to time.

Laying of underground cable from the Canal Zone to Santo Tomas

Hospital, the American consulate, and the American legation in

the city of Panama, for the purpose of furnishing them with electric

current.

Preliminary survey for the extension of the Chiriqui Railroad in

the Province of Chiriqui.

Handling of transit cargo at Cristobal without filing of bond to

cover customs duty with the Panaman Government.

Construction of sanitoriums for tuberculosis patients in the Republic lof Panama.

Construction of a slaughterhouse at Colon.

Exemption of payment of taxes for Panama Railroad Company's

stables in cities of Panama and Colon.

The newly reclaimed area of land belonging to the Panama Railroad Company on the shore of Panama Bay adjoining the old American pier.

Furnishing of free medicine by the Santo Tomas Hospital to outpatients prescribed for by the Red Cross clinics.

Refund of fine imposed on chauffeur of the mail car of the Ancon

post office for a collision for which he was not responsible by the

police in the city of Panama.

Release of parcels post packages addressed to an interned alien

without payment of customs duties.

Regulations to prevent the introduction of tuberculosis among

domestic animals in the Canal Zone.

Indebtedness of the Republic of Panama to The Panama Canal.
34 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Escape of prohibited aliens in transit through the Canal Zone.

Violations of the defensive area act by Panamans in entering the

restricted area at the entrances of the canal.

Alleged sales of second-hand furniture by employees and officials

of The Panama Canal and members of the military forces on the

Isthmus to residents of the Republic of Panama on which no customs

duty was collected at the time of importation.

Conservation of products native to Panama.

Eefusal to allow settlement and cultivation of strip of land between the water level of Gatun Lake and the 100-foot contour line.

Construction of a telegraph line by the Eepublic of Panama between Colon and Porto Bello, which is to pass through the Canal

Zone.

Anchorage of dynamite lighter in Panama Bay, and proposed construction of an explosive magazine for the Republic of Panama.

Advisability of permitting removal of sand from the beach between

Punta Paitilla and the sea wall in the city of Panama.

Receiving and filing bills of health from the incoming vessels at

the port of Bocas del Toro.

Outbreak of smallpox at Bocas del Toro and failure of Republic

of Panama to provide necessary funds, etc., for subsisting and caring

for quarantined persons.

Installation of fire-alarm system in the city of Colon.

Release and failure of Republic of Panama to prosecute certain

persons arrested for gambling, and control of the gambling situation in the city of Colon.

Proposed sanitary improvements in Las Sabanas and Pueblo

Nuevo districts.

Importation of fuel oil into the Canal Zone to be sold to sea-going

vessels without the payment of consular fees to the Republic of

Panama.

Clandestine landing of passengers from small vessels arriving at

Panama from Colombia and Ecuador before reporting to the quarantine authorities for inspection and entry.

Censorship of mail.

Construction of highways in the Republic of Panama.

Counterfeiting in the city of Panama.

For further details see Appendix H.

Office or the Special Attorney.

Judge Frank Feuille continued as special attorney, and as such

represented the Government's interests before the Joint Commission

for adjusting land claims, prepared drafts for executive orders

necessary to put into effect certain provisions of law, and in addition

served as counsel for the Panama Railroad Company on the Isthmus^
REPOET OF THE GOVEENOR. 35

There were 37 land claims, aggregating $80,113.90 that were settled

by agreement Avithout reference to the Joint Commission. Since the

President's order of December 5, 1912, including the 37 claims just

mentioned, a total of 4,418 claims, aggregating $1,072,137.20, have

been thus directly made, including the settlements made prior to that

order, and after August 6, 1908, authorizing the law department of

the canal to make direct settlements where agreements could be

reached. The total number of claims for damages for land and improvements claimed by private parties and taken over for canal and

railroad purposes was 5,480, aggregating the sum of $1,321,040.50.

During the year ending June 30, 1918, the Joint Commission disposed

of 10 claims in 8 awards, aggregating $125,190. The umpire,

appointed by the Government of the United States and the Government of Panama, under the provisions of article 15 of the Panama

Canal treaty, disposed of 9 claims during the fiscal year, aggregating

the sum of $118,061.38. The Joint Commission dismissed 29 claims

during the year; 19 on account of previous adjustment by direct

settlement between the Government and the claimants; 4 by default

on account of the nonappearance of claimants ; 1 for lack of sufficient

evidence to support the claim; 1 because of lack of jurisdiction of the

commission to try the claim; and 4 because the improvements

claimed were situated on lands held under revocable leases. Two

claims were certified to the umpire by the Joint Commission. The

aggregate amount paid by the United States for lands and improvements to the end of the fiscal year was $2,716,382.52, covering 6,270

claims. There is a grand total of 890 claims brought before the

Joint Commission and umpires, api^ointed under articles 11 and 15 of

the Panama Canal treaty, and settled by them. The amounts paid

under these awards totaled $1,395,242.02. Of these, 21 awards, aggregating the sum of $304,588, were made prior to the President's

depopulation order of December 5, 1912. On June 30, 1918, 139

claims, involving $8,005,408.90, appeared on the Joint Commission

dockets. Of these, 48, aggregating the sum of $226,790.55, are based

on Panama Railroad leases and have been withdrawn from the

jurisdiction of the Joint Commission by section 2 of the sundry civil

appropriation act of July 1, 1916. In addition, 9 claims, aggregating

$24,264,50, for improvements on lands admittedly owned by the

United States and held under revocable lease from the Government,

in accordance with previous rulings, will be dismissed for want

of jurisdiction. There remained, therefore, on June 30, 1918, for

adjudication and settlement by the Joint Commission, 82 claims,

involving the sum of $7,754,353.85. Two vacancies occurred in the

membership of the Joint Commission during the year; one due to

the death of Mr. Nicholas Cornet, and the other due to the resigna86372°—18 4
36 THE PANAMA CANAL.

tion of Mr. Clement L. Boiive. These vacancies were jfilled by the

President of the United States by the appointment of Judge Burt

New, of Indiana, and Judge George A. Connolly, of California, by

Executive order of October 3, 1917. The new commissioners arrived

on the Isthmus on November 26, 1917, and immediately assumed their

duties.

There were in effect on June 30, 1918, 51 lot licenses issued by the

land agent on behalf of The Panama Canal. Of this number. 7

were issued during the fiscal 3^ear. The licenses were granted to

various parties to erect oil tanks, steamship office buildings, churches,

lodge halls, and residences for the employees of steamship companies

and oil companies. The rents collected on these leases for the fiscal

year aggregated the sum of $15,012.02. No rental was charged on

licenses to churches or other religious organizations.

The Canal Zone and The Panama Canal are included in several

acts of Congress enacted during the fiscal year, but there has been

no congressional legislation limited in its scope to the canal. An

Executive order Avas issued on January 12, 1918, establishing maximum rates of fare and governing transportion of passengers for hire

in the Canal Zone. This Executive order was issued by virtue of the

act of August 21, 1916. On May 28, 1918, the President issued an

Executive order relating to the anchorage and movement of vessels

in Canal Zone waters, under authority granted to him by section I,

Title II, of the act of June 15, 1917, commonly known as the espionage act. By the terms of the order the Governor of The Panama

Canal is authorized to exercise, within the territorial waters of the

Canal Zone, all the powers mentioned in said section of the said act,

to the same extent as is conferred therein on the Secretary of the

Treasury with regard to the territorial waters of the United States.

HEALTH DEPAETMENT.

Two changes in the head of this organization occurred during the

year. On October 4, 1917, Col. D. C. Howard, Medical Corps,

United States Army, was relieved from duty with The Panama

Canal, and on February 26, 1918, his successor, Col. A. E. Truby,

Medical Corps, United States Army, was also relieved. He was

succeeded by Maj. A. T. McCormack, Medical Reserve Corps, on the

date of his relief.

The health conditions of the employees and other residents of the

Canal Zone have continued good. No cases of yellow fever or plague

occurred on the Zone, in the cities of Panama and Colon, or in the

vicinity of the Canal Zone in the Republic of Panama. The number

of hospital admissions for malaria during the year was 622, distributed as follows : Employees residing in the city of Panama, 22

;

employees residing in the city of Colon, 64; employees residing in
EEPOET OF THE GOVERNOE. 37

Cristobal, 81; employees residing within other sanitated districts of

the Canal Zone, 69 ; employees working outside of sanitated districts,

386. The malarial rate in the sanitated districts is 6.77 per 1,000, as compared with 128 per 1,000 in the insanitated districts.

The average civil population of the Canal Zone was 24,038, as compared with 31,048 for the preceding year. In this population the

death rate from disease was 10.61 per 1,000, as compared with 8.95

for the preceding year.

City of Panama.—The average population was 61,369, compared

with 60,778 for the preceding year. In this population the death

rate from disease was 24.18, as compared with 27.93 for the preceding

year.

City of Colon.—The average population was 26,078, as compared

with 24,693 for the preceding year. In this population the death

rate from disease was 24.96, as compared with 24.54 for the preceding

year.

Division or Hospitals.

ANCON HOSPITAL.

In the progress of construction of the new hospital plant 10 of the

the old frame buildings were evacuated and the buildings razed. The

new permanent buildings occupied included the administrationclinics building in December, and the new kitchen and mess halls

building in March. There was a total of 10,865 patients fvdmitted to

the hospital during the year. In the surgical clinic there were 1,525

major operations and 2,692 minor operations performed; 3,892 cases

visited the out-patient department. In the medical clinic out-patient

department 3,312 cases were treated. In the eye and ear clinic 6,099

cases were treated and 976 operations performed.

Corozal Hospital and Farm.—This institution for the care and

treatment of insane patients continued under the supervision of the

superintendent of Ancon Hospital, with a superintendent in local

charge. At the close of the year there were 374 patients, as compared with 354 on June 30, 1917. There were 185 cases admitted,

of whom 38 were assigned to the chronic ward. The increase in the

number of patients has made it necessary to crowd to an undesirable

extent the existing capacity of the wards, and makes necessary an

additional ward building. The hospital provides for patients from

the Republic of Panama, on a pay or charity basis, as circumstances

require. As a part of the course of treatment for patients in condition to be benefited by it, the patients are engaged in some light oc- cupation. The women do sewing, embroidering, rug and hat-making.

The male patients are generally speaking fitted only for common

labor and agricultural work, and under the supervision of male attendants are given plots of land to cultivate in the near vicinity of
38 THE PANAMA CANAL.

the hospital. Amusements provided for the well being of the patients include moving pictures, phonograph concerts, band concerts,

and walks in the vicinity of the hospital. Church services are also

provided. An adjunct to this institution is the hospital farm and

dairy, which provides employment for a number of cripples injured

during their course of employment with the canal, and who are in

practically destitute circumstances. At the dairy, besides the milk

supplied for the hospitals, about 200 quarts of milk were available

for daily sale to sick adults and children, on physicians' prescriptions.

CX)L0N HOSPITAL.

The new nurses' home was completed during the year and was

occupied on June 5, 1918. There were 526 major and 99 minor operations performed at this hospital during the year, and 2,313 patients

were admitted for treatment.

PALO SECO LEPER ASYLUM.

No additional buildings were constructed at this asylum during the

year. The average number of patients constantly cared for during

the year was 68. There were 70 patients on June 30, 1918, as compared with 65 on the same date last year. Thirteen were admitted,

5 died, and 2 were discharged.

SANTO TOMAS HOSPITAL.

This hospital is located in the city of Panama and is owned by the

Government of Panama, but is operated by agreement under the

supervision of the health department of The Panama Canal. The

average daily number of patients was 440.5, as compared with 440

for the previous year.

DISTRICT DISPENSARIES.

The dispensary at Paraiso was closed on May 14, 1918, and on ac- count of the increased population at and near Gamboa the Paraiso

dispensary will be transferred to that point. The new concrete dispensary at Gatun was completed and occupied on July 9, 1918. At

the dispensaries throughout the Canal Zone a total of 552,864 persons, including employees and nonemployees, was treated. The district physicians treated 6,525 employees in quarters.

Sanitation.

The sanitary work within the Canal Zone was practically limited

to the keeping down of malaria. The principal work was performed

in the Colon-Cristobal district, which is more affected by swamp con-
REPOET OF THE GOVERNOR. 39

ditions than the remainder of the Zone. The swamp to the northeast of the village of New Cristobal was drained during the year, and

reclamation by clearing and ditching was conducted in the swampy

area south of the coaling plant at Cristobal. South of Mount Hope,

to the west of the Panama Railroad tracks, tidewater drains were

constructed in large swamps, with marked reduction in the malaria

incidence in the population living and working in the vicinity. In

connection with drainage work there was a total of 92,112 linear yards

of ditches dug, 5,152 linear yards of concrete ditches installed, and

17,111 cubic yards of fill deposited. In addition, 119,365 linear feet

of ditches were maintained.

The sanitary work in Panama and Colon is carried on under the

immediate supervision of the chief health officer of the canal by the

health officers of the respective cities, who are employed by The

Panama Canal. In the city of Panama, as a means of improving

conditions concerning the incidence of tuberculosis, particular attention was paid to the elimination of dark and poorly ventilated rooms.

In this work 531 buildings were altered and repaired, 4,000 windows

were installed, and 30 rooms eliminated. The regulations for the

inspection of foods, supervision of building construction, garbage

collection, street cleaning, and preventive measures against disease in

general, were enforced. In Colon similar work was done.

Quarantine Division.

A serious outbreak of cerebrospinal menegitis occurred on the

Japanese steamer Amjo Marni^ en route from Yokohama to Callao,

Peru. Between Yokohama and San Francisco several cases of this

disease occurred, and after leaving Balboa, a port of call, for Callao,

there was a recrudescence of the disease, as a result of which the

Peruvian authorities refused to receive the vessel. She returned to

Balboa, and on her arrival, on May 28, 1918, 585 passengers and 16

of the crew were disembarked and placed in quarantine. The persons suffering from the disease, upon their arrival at Balboa, were

successfully treated, and all such cases recovered without sequelse.

The ship was thoroughly disinfected and permitted to proceed on its

voyage without the passengers. Active steps were taken to prevent

spread of the disease among the noninfected persons removed from

the ship and retained in quarantine, and no additional cases occurred.

As the result of this incident, ships having cases of cerebrospinal

meningitis will have their sick evacuated here, passengers and crew

examined, and all carriers of the disease will be detained until they

are no longer a source of danger to others.

In February, 1918, 3 cases of smallpox arrived at Bocas del Toro,

Republic of Panama, from the islands of San Andres and Old Providence. Smallpox was reported at Bluefields, Nicaragua, and at
40 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Cartagena, Colombia. In September, 1917, 2 cases of leprosy ar- rived at Cristobal, 1 from Colombia and 1 from Bocas del Toro.

Bubonic plague was generally reported along the South American

coast from Valparaiso, Chile, north. Yellow fever conditions re- mained unimproved in Guayaquil and vicinity. On the Atlantic side

plague has been reported in the vicinity of Caracas, Venezuela.

These conditions as to bubonic plague and yellow fever have made

it necessary to continue quarantine restrictions to vessels arriving

from ports in which the diseases are reported.

For further details, attention is invited to the report of the chief

health officer, Appendix K.

WASHINGTON OFFICE.

On December 1, 1917, Mr. A. L. Flint was appointed general purchasing officer and chief of the Washington office, in succession to

Maj. Benedict Crowell, United States Engineer Officers' Reserve

Corps, who resigned on November 11, 1917, on his appointment as Assistant Secretary of War.

The abnormal labor conditions in the United States increased the

difficulties heretofore experienced in filling requisitions from the

Isthmus for skilled labor, especially in marine work. Tenders of employment were declined in 60 per cent of all classes. One thousand

and ninety-four persons were tendered employment in the grades

above that of laborer, of which number 432 accepted, covering 65 different positions. Additional work was entailed upon the correspondence and record division on account of correspondence with respect

to matters that had to be referred, on account of war conditions, to

the War Trade Board and its various bureaus, the Shipping Board,

Fuel Administration, Alien Property Custodian, and other new

Government establishments. In the office of the assistant auditor of

the canal, stationed in the Washington office, 15,999 claims were

passed for payment, leaving on hand on June 30, 1918, 382 claims.

There was a decrease of 2,190 claims received during the year, as compared with the preceding year, and a decrease of 2,322 claims passed

for paj^ment. During the year, 13,474 vouchers for payment, amounting to $9,643,732.81; 232 collection vouchers, amounting to $335,-

040.15 ; and 3,075 settlements by transfers of appropriation, aggregating $1,893,490.47, were given administrative examination. There was

a decrease of $1,209,549.87 in disbursements as compared with the

previous year. One hundred and four contracts were prepared,

amounting to $3,521,474.53, a decrease of 65 in number and

$1,575,514.93 in amount, as compared with the previous year. The

assistant auditor, as the legal officer in the United States of The

Panama Canal, has continued to render assistance to the Department

of Justice in the preparation for trial, and at the trial, in the courts.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 41

of all cases in connection with contracts made with The Panama

Canal.

The usual routine methods of procuring and shipping materials

have been materially interfered with on account of war conditions.

This is especially true of materials in which a shortage exists or is

imminent in the States. All such cases must be reported to the War

Industries Board, in compliance with the instructions of the President to the War Industries Board, contained in his letter of March

4, 1918, with the exceptions as prescribed by executive order signed

by the Secretary of War, dated May 18, 1918, with especial reference

to The Panama Canal. The chief of the Washington office has been

designated as representative of The Panama Canal on the Clearance

Committee and the Requirements Division of the War Industries

Board. The new conditions referred to inevitably entailed increased

work upon the Washington office.

The principal purchases in filling requisitions from the Isthmus

have been made by the Washington office, although branch offices

have been continued in charge of assistant purchasing officers at New

York, New Orleans, and San Francisco. Preliminary inspection

has been made in the States of materials purchased by a corps of inspectors under the supervision of the inspecting engineer of the

Washington office. The work of inspection has been facilitated, as heretofore, by assistance rendered by the district officers of the Corps

of Engineers, United States Army, by the Bureau of Standards, the

Bureau of Mines, Bureau of Chemistry, and the Medical Department,

Ordnance Department, Signal Corps, and the Quartermaster Corps

of the United States Army.

The number of orders for materials and supplies during the year

was 6,608, a decrease of 2,300 as compared with the previous j^ear.

The total value of the materials on the orders placed was $8,019,-

608.90 for the year, as compared with $10,405,157.27 for the previous

year. The grand total of purchases made for the canal through the

Washington office since the year 1904 is $136,582,840.43.

For further details attention is invited to Appendix L.

Eespectfully submitted.

Chester Harding,

Governor^ The Panama Canal.

Hon. Newton D. Baker,

Secretary of TFar, Washington^ D, G,

GOVERNOR

OF THE PANAMA CANAL

Co/ CiVSSrSf) HAflD/NG USA

PRESIDENT or THE PANAMA R.R.Cq

Plate

PURCHASING DtPAPTMENT

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ORGANIZATION Or THE PANAMA CANAL JULY I. 1918

APPENDIX A.

HEPORT OF THE ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE.

The Panama Canal,

Office of the Engineer of Maintenance,

Balboa Heights^ Canal Zone, July 20, 1918.

Sir: The following report of work done under the jurisdiction of

this office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918, is submitted

:

Organization.

The duties of the engineer of maintenance were not changed during the year. The office continued under your charge throughout

the year. Lieut. Col. Jay J. Morrow was ordered to duty in the

United States and resigned as engineer of maintenance on August 30,

1917. On this date the division of lock operation, the section of

office engineer, the section of meteorology and hydrography, and the

section of surveys were transferred to supervision of the electrical

engineer, Lieut. Col. T. H. Dillon.

The heads of the remaining divisions reporting to the engineer

of maintenance were ordered to report direct to you on this date.

Lieut. Col. T. H. Dillon was ordered to duty in the United States

and resigned as electrical engineer on February 6, 1918. On this date

the electrical division, the division of lock operation, the section of

office engineer, and the section of meteorology and hydrography were

transferred to the supervision of resident engineer, building division,

and continued under his supervision until the end of the fiscal year.

The remaining divisions and sections of this office reported direct

to you.

The various divisions and sections have been in charge of the

following personnel:

Electrical division.—Lieut. Col. T. H. Dillon continued as electrical engineer until his relief from duty with The Panama Canal

on February 6, 1918, when Mr. Walter L. Hersh was appointed electrical engineer.

Building division.—Mr. Hartley _ Rowe, resident engineer, continued in charge of the building division.

Locks division.—Mr. E. D. Stillwell continued in charge of the

Atlantic locks and Mr. W. K. Holloway continued in charge of the

Pacific locks.

43
44 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Municipal division.—Mr. D. E, Wright, municipal engineer, continued in charge of this division.

Terminal construction.—Mr. T. B. Monniche, engineer of docks,

resigned August 4, 1917, when this work was transferred to the

resident engineer, building, division.

Mr. A. R. Brown, assistant engineer, resigned October 18, 1917,

and the uncompleted part of this work was transferred to the resident engineer, building division.

Section of meteorology and hydrography.—Mr. F. D. Willson

resigned July 17, 1917, and was succeeded by Mr. E. Z. Kirkpatrick

on August 15, 1917. Mr. Kirkpatrick resigned April 13, 1918, to

accept a commission in the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps, and was

succeeded by Mr. H. G. Cornthwaite, appointed April 14, 1918.

Section of office engineer.-^lAv. C. J. Embree, office engineer, continued in charge of this section.

Section of surveys.—Mr. O. E. Malsbury, assistant engineer, re- signed from this office September 10, 1917, to accept a commission

in the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps, and was succeeded by Mr.

F. R. Fitch on September 11, 1917.

Locks Division.

lockages.

The following table gives the total commercial and noncommercial lockages of the year

:

Date.

Gatun—

To July 1,1917...

During fiscal year

To July 1, 1918...

Pedro Miguel—

To July 1,1917...

During fiscal year To July 1, 1918...

Miraflores—

To July 1, 1917... During fiscal year, To July 1, 1918...

All

lockages.

4,155

2,271

6,426

4,385

2,420

6,805

4,302

2,343

6,645

Commercial lockages.

3,520

1,936

5,456

3,622

2,041

5,663

3,634

2,017

5,651

Commercial vessels.

3,889

2,096

5,985

3,863

2,083

6.946

3,856

2,081

5,937

Noncommercial

lockages.

635

335

960

763 379

1,142

668

326

994

The average number of lockages made at all locks for each month

of the fiscal year was 195.39 or about 6.5 through lockages per day.

The greatest number of lockages made in any month of the year oc- curred in May when the Atlantic locks made 229 lockages and the

Pacific locks 225 lockages.
REPORT OP ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 45

WATER CONSUMPTION GATUN LAKE.

Complete data regarding the hydrography of Gatun Lake for the

calendar year are given hereinafter, but the following data have been

compiled for the fiscal year, July 1, 191T, to June 30, 1918

:

Average quantity per month.

"Water lost: By evaporation

By wastage over Gatun spillway

By leakage, Gatun spillway

By transfer to Miraflores Lake. .

.

By leakage at all locks

Total water lost

Water used: For pumping

For lockages, Atlantic For lockages. Pacific For hydroelectric station Gain in storage, Gatun Lake

Total water used

Total water, lost and used

Millions of cubic feet of water.

2, 028. 98 15,534.18

10.21 23.95

28.09

17,626.01

68. 46

812. 47

695. 93 3,317.37

116. 66

5, 010. 89

22, 636. 90

Per cent

lost or used.

11.511 88.132 .058

.136

.163

100. 000

1.366

16. 21.') 13. 888

66.203 2.328

100.000

Per cent

of total.

8.964 68.624

.045 .106

.127

.302 3.589

3.074

14. 655 .515

100.000

Useful water =

5010.89 = 22.135 per cent.

22636.90 Water used for lockages =6.66 per cent.

It is always endeavored to have Gatun Lake level at or near its

maximum allowable elevation, plus 87 feet, at the beginning of the

dry season, so that there is a maximum amount of water in storage

for the dry months of the year. Gatun Lake was at elevation plus

87.06 on January 1 and 2, and remained at approximately this elevation until February 1, when storage in the lake was drawn on, due

to lack of rainfall. The lake level lowered gradually until it reached

its minimum elevation of the year on April 21 at plus 84.52.

It will be noted by the above table that the hydroelectric station uses most of the water drawn from storage, and as lockages increase

in number the use of water during the dry season by the hydroelectric

station will have to be limited by the necessities of the locks. If no

water had been used by the hydroelectric station during the dry

season months—February, March, and April—the net loss in storage

due to all other causes would have carried the lake level from plus

87 on February 1 to plus 86.83 on the last day of April. In other

words, the lake elevation would have remained practically stationary

during the dry season if no water had been used by the hydroelectric

station, and this condition would have existed in spite of the fact

that the average number of lockages during these months was 196.66

per month, or 6.5 through lockages per day.

A material saving in water can be accomplished at the locks by

cross filling and operating tandem lockages. Precautions of this

nature have not been necessary to date owing to the plentiful supply

of water for all purposes, although tandem lockages are used whenever possible without causing a delay to shipping.
46 THE PANAMA CANAL.

GATUN DAM.

Monthly surveys of Gatiin dam indicate a gradual consolidation

similar to former years and no fills were necessary to replace settlement this year. During the year that portion of the dam over the

new penstock at the hydroelectric station was backfilled. The usual

maintenance work on the dam, tracks, and borrow pits was performed.

TOWING LOCOMOTIVES.

The four new towing locomotives constructed upon the Isthmus

were completed, and all machines of this type are continuing to

render excellent service.

SPARE PARTS.

The warehouse at Corozal was transferred during the year from the

quartermaster to the locks division, and in addition to the spare

parts which were in the building all of the lock-gate spares (except

tlie gate girders) which were formerly at Paraiso have been added.

All lock-gate spares at Corozal are being repainted and put into

first-class condition.

At the beginning of the past fiscal year there were 15 United

States requisitions in the process of manufacture. These have been

completed. Twenty-six United States. requisitions were issued during the year, 20 of them have been filled to date, the material on the

balance being in process of manufacture.

APPROACH WALL FENDER CRIBS.

At the end of each approach wall there are installed fender cribs

constructed of piling and heavy timbers, to prevent serious damage

to any vessel that may approach the locks out of control.

In October, 1917, it was noted that the fender cribbing at lower

Pedro Miguel appeared to be very insecure and upon withdrawing

one of the piles it was found to be practically honeycombed by the

teredo. The fender was reconstructed with the use of creosoted

piling and timbers and the M^ork was completed in December, 1917.

The above cribbing was in Miraflores Lake, 54 feet above sea

level which lake is fed entirely by fresh water from Gatun Lake

and the watershed in the vicinity. The fact that the cribbing was

attacked by the teredo is a peculiar confirmation of the fact that

Miraflores Lake is gradually becoming saline through the back feeding of sea water through Miraflores locks.

On March 16, 1918, when the steamship Capto approached Pedro

Miguel locks from the north, she rammed the fendev cribbing at the

end of the north approach wall and made it necessary to install new

piling and cribbing on the east side.

PAINTING LOCK GATES.

During the year all of the gates and machines at the Atlantic

locks were examined and the enamel removed and replaced where it

was found to be in bad condition. A complete report on this subject
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 47

will be found in the report of the superintendent which follows hereinafter.

It has been impossible to find an oil paint that will stand up under

the severe conditions found at the locks. Arrangements have been

made to apply bituminous enamel to certain of the exposed portions

of the gate leaves as well as the submerged portions. It is hoped that

this experiment will prove successful, in this way decreasing the

maintenance work on the gates.

LOCK POWEK AND CONTROL CABLES.

The installation of all power and control cables at the locks was

practically completed by August, 1913. During the four years which

elapsed between that time and the beginning of the present fiscal

year, practically no serious trouble has been experienced with the

lead sheathed control cables.

It has been found, however, that the rubber insulated double

braided wires were being attacked by the " termite " or white ant

and it became necessary to open up all closed wall chases carrying

this type of wire to the lighting outlets. It was also found that the

rubber insulated telephone conductors to the lamp standard outlets

were becoming grounded due to the dampness in the chases and it

became necessary to replace these with lead sheathed cables. These

faults were to be expected, however, and it is believed that the present

method of running all wires in exposed chases on the walls of the

tunnels will keep them dried out and as the " termite " cannot live

and work in the light no further harm should come to the exposed

wires other than gradual deterioration which occurs in any climate.

It had been expected that our lead sheathed cables would last for

a number of years before showing signs of deterioration. However,

a series of breakdowns at Miraflores locks beginning September,

1916, were experienced, and by June, 1917, about seven lead sheathed

control cables had broken down and were replaced temporarily by

other cables until the maintenance work on the lock gates and valves

could be completed, after which the trouble was investigated

thoroughly.

As all control cable are run with two, three, and four cables to the

duct, it was difficult to remove one without removing the others,

therefore the investigation was begun in the crossover tunnel where

the cables run under the lock chamber in very damp ducts. SeA-eral

ducts were broken open and tests were made between the lead sheaths

and the water in the sump at the base of the shaft with the following results

:

Readings taken in West Crossover—No tunnel lining—Walls very wet.

Volts.

From cable lying on top of ducts very wet to iron ground 0. 18

Same cable to copper float in water of sump . 32

Same cable to galvanized-iron wire in water of sump . 16

Readings taken in East Crossover Tunnel—Steel lining is in place—Tunnel walls

dry.

Volts.

From cables to top of ducts to ground 0. 05

FroE* cables to top of ducts to copper float in sump . 14

From cables to top of ducts to concrete floor .02
48 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The above readings were taken with the telephone cables connected in their battery supply. It was thought advisable to remove

all possibility of direct current from an external source and repeat

the readings. The direct-current supply to the telephone cables was

cut and the readings again repeated with results practically identical

to those quoted above.

While working in the tunnel one of the men complained of the

fact that the seepage water from the ducts appeared caustic in its

effect on his hands. Furthermore, in opening some of the ducts,

water and a peculiar sediment came out. Some of the material discharged was black and some almost clear white. Samples of each

were sent to the laboratory for analysis with the result that the black

sediment was found to be a lead salt. Furthermore, the seepage

water was found to carry a large amount of lead in solution.

Two pieces of sheet lead 5 inches by 2 inches were placed at the

base of the shaft, one of them in seepage water and grounded and

the other in a position where seepage water would drip over its. surface. The grounded sample did not appear to be materially affected

by electrolytic action. The other sample exposed to seepage water

weighed 182^ grams at the beginning of the test, and in two weeks

it had lost 3^ grams, or about 1.92 per cent of its weight, and this in

spite of the fact that the seepage water had been flowing over about

70 feet of cable and must have had considerable lead in solution

before striking the test sample.

All the defective cables were then removed and found to be in the

condition shown on plate No. 2.

All control cables used have either five or eight conductors of No.

10 B. & S. gauge, each insulated with 1/16-inch varnished cambric

with 1/32-inch varnished cambric over all, and a lead sheath 1/16

inch thick. The five conductor cables are about 7/8 inch in diameter

and the eight conductor cables are about 1-1/8 inch in diameter.

This information may be of assistance in studying plate No. 2.

As a result of this condition found in the center crossover tunnel

at Miraflores, all similar installations at all locks were examined but

no further indications of trouble were found. To guard against

further damage from seepage water, arrangements will be made to

install all replace cables in ducts away from the wall of the tunnel

shaft, in this way using the outside or wall ducts as drains for the

seepage Avater. Replace cables at Miraflores were hung on porcelain

hangers, and if necessity should arise and should further precaution

be advisable arrangements will be made to place all cables on porcelain hangers and coat them with an insulating material such as bituminous compound.

The following report has been submitted by the chemist of the

municipal engineering division who investigated the cause of the

chemical action above referred to:

Corrosion of the Lead Sheaths of Cables at Miraflores Locks.

The corrosion of the sheaths of some of the cables at Miraflores locks was

first called to the chemists' attention in August, 1917. An inspection was made

of the cables exposed at the west end of the middle crossover tunnel. There

were irregular shaped deposits of a white scale on the cables over which water

was dripping. A bottle was placed so as to catch some of the drippings on August 9, and the drippings were sent to this laboratory on August 11 for

analysis.
PLATE 2.

FIVE AND EIGHT CONDUCTOR, LEAD SHEATHED CONTROL CABLES REMOVED

FROM THE MIDDLE CROSS-OVER TUNNEL AT MIRAFLORES LOCKS.

EEPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 49

Previous to the inspection several samples of materials collected in the

locks were submitted for analysis. Qualitative analj'ses of these samples were made, the results obtained are as follows:

1. A brownish red material collected from the duct lines in the lower crossover. The sample contained large amount of iron, and small amounts of

calcium and silica.

2. White material collected from the duct line on the west end of the middle

crossover tunnel. The sample contained larse amounts of calcium carbonate

and hydroxide and a small amount of lead. The claim of the helper that when

collecting this sample " something ate through the skin on his hand " must

have been due to the lime.

3. Black substance collected from the same location as sample No. 2 con- tained large amounts of lead, calcium, and small amount of iron and the following acid radicles of sulphide, sulphate, and carbonate. The sulphide must

have formed by the decomposition of vegetable matter.

The first sample of water collected was characterized by a total alkalinity

to crysthrosine of 1,740 parts per million of which 1,680 parts were caustic or hydroxide alkalinity. The chlorine content was 1,325 parts per million. The

water contained 50 parts per million of lead.

On August 12 and 20 two more samples of drippings from the middle cross- over at Miraflores locks were collected and the mineral analysis of the samples

were as follows, in parts per million

:

Sample

No. 3.2

Ilydroxide alkalinity as CaCOa

Carbonate alkalinitv as calcium carbonate (CaCOs)

Silica (S1O2) Iron and aluminum (Fe and Alj

Calcium (Ca)

Magnesium (Mg)

Lead(Pb)

Sodium (Na)

Potassium ( K)

Chlorine (CD

Carbonate (CO3)

Sulphate (SO4)

2,266

192

99.1

1 Date of collection, Aug. 12, 1917. = Taleof collection, Aug. 20, 1917. Portland cement contains 60 to 65 per cent of calcium oxide.

According to various authorities when the cement sets among other com- pounds large amounts crystallized calcium hydroxide, and some calcium alumlnate form. Calcium hydroxide is quite soluble in water, so when water comes

in contact with concrete, calcium hydroxide goes into solution. Calcium aluminate is decomposed by water forming calcium hydroxide and gelatinous aluminum hydroxide.

From the above mineral analyses it could be seen that the caustic alkalinity

and calcium contents of tlie dripping water is quite high as compared with the

mineral analyses of water obtained on August 23, 1917, from the lock chambers

at Miraflores, which was as follows in parts per million

:

Hydroxide alkalinity as (CaCOa)

Carbonate alkalinity as (CaCOs)

Bicarbonate alkalinity as (CaCOs) 110

Silica (SiO^) 23

Iron (Fe) Trace.

Aluminum (Al)

Calcium (Ca) 35

Magnesium (Mg) 42

Sodium and potassium (Na and K) 425

Chlorine (CI) 904

Bicarbonate (HCOj) 134

Dissolved oxygen 6. 8

Temperature degrees centigrade 27

Per cent saturation 85
50 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The corrosion of the lead sheaths of cables can be due to two reasons {1> alternating current electrolysis, and (2) to the chemical action of the drinninff water saturated with lime salts from concrete. We thought the corrosion was

clue mainly to the second reason above stated. In order to substantiate this theory we carried out the followiug experiments in the laboratory • The lead sheath of an unattached cable was cut open, and strips of lead were cut measuring 6 to 7 centimeters long, 2.5 to 2.S centimeters wide and 2 cen- timeters thick. These strips" of lead were numbered and weighed accurately

to the forth place. Some water was obtained from the lock chambers and placed in bottles holding one liter. The bottles were also numbered and

(lifterent amounts of calcium hydroxide solution were added to each to set the desired alkalinity. The alkalinity of the contents of each bottle was deter mined by titration. When the bottles were ready the strips of lead bearing corresponding numbers to the bottles were placed in them. The strips were taken out from time to time, dried very quickly, and weighed to find out the weight dissolved. Two series of these experiments were carried on and the following tables show the results obtained:
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 51

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REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 53

If milligrams of lead dissolved are plotted in the above experiments, per hundred grams of lead of 0.25 centimeter thickness against the time in hours, curves showing their interrelation will be obtained.

The curves clearly indicate that the rate of solution of lead is directly proportional to the concentration of OH ion ; that is, the higher the concentration

(!f OH ion, the more lead goes into solution. This fact was already known

before the experiment was started. This gradation of the lead going

into solution is more clearly seen, especially toward the beginning of the ex- periment rather than at the end, because the stronger solution becomes weaker

sooner by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere than a weaker solution. Therefore, the difference in the amount of lead dissolved between the weak and strong

solutions is not so much toward the end of the experiment. It is also interesting to see that sample No. 1 on page 51 and sample No. 19 on page 52, which

are original lock chamber and sea waters, did not attack the lead even as nuich

as sample No. 2 on page 51, distilled pure water. This is due to the fact that,

in the latter case, under the joint action of water and dissolved oxygen, lead

hydroxide is produced, which is slightly soluble in water, and therefore does

not protect the lead. In impure water, such as samples Nos. 1 and 19, which

contain sulphate and carbonate radicles, the corresponding lead salts are formed

which have extremely small solubility, and form firmly an adhering layer on

the lead.

The conditions in the above experiments are not similar to those in the duct

lines, because the strips of lead were continually immersed in the same watei

except when they were taken out to be weighed, while in the duct lines saturated lime solution drips continually to the same spot or around it, and it is natural that, the reaction between fresh drip and the lead goes on much faster.

In order to measure quantitively how fast the lead was corroded by the dripping water in the duct lines, the following experiment was performed : A strip

of sheet lead measuring 17.1 centimeters long, 5.8 centimeters wide, 0.12 centimeters thick and weighing 182.8 grams was tied with a strip of lead to one of

the lead cables at west end of the middle crossover at Miraflores locks. Wires

of volt motor attached to ends of piece of lead cable gave no reading. Water

dripped from cable to this piece of lead. The strip was removed after lis days and weighed. Weight of the strip plus the scale, was 184.55 grams. The

weight of the strip after the removal of the scale was 179.6 grams. The loss

of the strip was 3.2 grams. The corrosive action of the dripping water was

plainly visible on the sheet lead and the composition of the white scale was

foimd to be lead hydroxide and carbonate. At this rate the whole sheet of lead

would corrode in 685.5 days. But the corrosion was only around where the

water was dripping ; if the water had dripped all over the surface at one time

the sheet lead would corrode in a good deal less than 685.5 days.

Similar experiments were tried with another sheet of lead measuring 16.8

centimeters long, 5.6 centimeters wide, 0.12 centimeters thick and weighing

182.5 grams. The piece of lead was tied to a different lead cable at west end

of middle crossover by copper wire. One end of the wire was fastened to lead

cable and the other end to a copper float. Reading between end of copper wire

attached to lead cable and end attached to copper float gave 0.06 volts. Water

dropped from cable to the piece of lead. The strip of lead was removed after

12 days, the weight of the strip plus scale was 182.35 grams ; the weight of the

same strip after the removal of the scale was 181.7 grams. The loss of the lead

was 0.8 grams. In this case the loss was not as much as in the first case ; probably the dripping was not as strong.

AVhile the above experiment was going on in the locks a similar experiment

was started in the laboratory. A 15-gallon carboy was filled with lock chamber

water and saturated with calcium hydroxide. The alkalinity of the water was

as follows : Hydroxide alkalinity as calcium carbonate, 1,640 p. p. m. ; carbonate

alkalinity as calcium carbonate, 460 p. p. m. The carboy was placed on a iilatform and a burrette was lowered into it to draw off the water. Two inches below the tip of the burrette a lead cable of

12 feet long was hung on a support, and the burrette was turned over it so that 2.2 c. c. of the water dripped on the cable per minute. The drippings

were caught in another vessel below on the floor. The dripping water was

analyzed and hydroxide alkalinity as calcium carbonate was 1,400 p. p. m., car- bonate alkalinity as calcium carbonate 240 p. p. m., and the water contained 288

p. p. m. lead. When the carboy was emptied it was refilled and the dripping

was continued. At the end of three weeks the corrosion on the surface of the
54 THE PANAMA CANAL.

c-able was plainly visible, which was broiight about by the action of the dripping water. There was no chance for alternating current electrolysis in this

experiment, as there was no current of any sort near the support where the

calble was hung.

CONCLUSIONS.

The following conclusions can be drawn from the above experiments

:

1. Tlie rate of going into solution of lead, immersed in waters having different concentrations of hydroxide ion, is directly proportional to the hydroxide

ion.

2. Lock chamber and sea water do not attack the lead as much as distilled

pure water.

3. The corrosion of the lead sheaths of cables at Miraflores locks is due

exclusively to the chemical action of the dripping water saturated with lime

salts from the concrete and not to the alternating current electrolysis. Tlie

third conclusion is substantiated by the experiment described in the last paragraph of page 53. and also by the fact that the corrosion in the cables is noticed

in certain localities of the duct lines where water is dripping and no action is noticed where the cables are free from drippings. According to Mr. J. G.

Myrick's report of September 19, 1917, to Mr. H. R. Holloway : " In the

horizontal runs of all the crossovers the duct lines have much more water

than the vertical runs and an equally good condition for electrolytic action.

In no case have we found any sign of action in the horizontal runs."

This fact could be explained very easily for the reason that, by the time the

water reaches the horizontal runs of the crossover all the hydroxide contents

of the water would be used up and therefore no action is seen in the horizontal

runs. Following are extracts from reports of the lock superintendents,

covering details of operation and maintenance of the locks.

Gatun Locks,

organization and personnel.

Mr. E. D. Stillwell and Mr. H. M. Thomas continued as superintendent and

assistant superintendent, respectively, throughout the year. On July 1, 1917,

Mr. F. M. Easter was appointed to fill the position of mechanical supervisor

which had been vacant since June 12, 1917. Mr. C. W. Roberts, electrical

.supervisor, was transferred to the electrical division on September 24, 1917,

and on October 3, 1917, Mr. P. R. Kiger was appointed to fill the vacancy.

Mr. Kiger resigned on April 24, 1918, in order to enter the military service,

Mr. A. E. Wood being appointed electrical supervisor on that date.

The positions of recorder and property clerk were combined and the work

is now done by one man. The personnel of the organization has changed considerably during the year,

due to resignations and transfers. A total of four men resigned to enter the

military service, three of whom received commissions.

OPERATION.

The same system of operation continued in effect as in the past year. The

operation was carried on by two shifts covering the period from 7 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. It has been necessary, frequently, to extend this period to as late as midnight in order to clear the north bound ships the same day they entered

the canal on account of the unusual conditions due to the war. Delays due to failure of the operating machinery and accidents to vessels

during the pas.sage through the locks have been few and of negligible magnitude. The damage to vessels has been chiefly the breaking of chocks and

bitts due to not being adapted for towing purposes.

Thft most .serious damage occurred on February 2, 1918, to the steamship

Republic, southbound, which hit the northeast wing wall and damaged the

plates on the port bow above the water line. The accident occurred 1)efore

the ship entered the lock and was under control of the locomotives.

The longest ship, although not the greatest tonnage, locked through to date

was the steamship Ceramic, northbound, on December 12, 1917. Tlie Ceramic

is 655 feet long and 69.2 feet beam. Actual time of lockage was 60 minutes.
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 55

The wnter consumption at Gatun locks was'as follows:

Cubic feet. Leakage 186, 985, 000

Lockage 9, 952, 110, 000

Total 10, 139, 095, 000

The average amount of water taken from Gatun Lake per lockage was

4,299.916 cubic feet.

The emergency dams were operated each month, except during the overhauling period. No emergency operations were necessary.

No emergency tests of the chain fenders were made during the year.

MAINTENANCE.

Maintenance work was carried on during the year as was necessary to keep

the machinery and equipment in good operating condition. A number of changes

were made in order to facilitate inspection, repairs, or operation of the machines. Equipment which was found to be unnecessary was removed and

placed in stock for reissue to other departments.

Locomotives and tracks.—Two new locomotives made by the mechanical division shops at Balboa were received and placed in service during the year. The

installation of the electrical equipment was done by the lock forces.

Several accidents have happened to the locomotives on all the locks due to

not having a positive brake which could be applied under all conditions. Experiments were made, but not completed, on a type of wedge brake which has for

its braking power the friction Ijetween the surface of the concrete and a steel

wedge which takes part of the weight of the locomotive.

Emergency dams.—The electrical interlocks on the gate contactors were re- moved and replaced by a positive mechanical interlock on both dams.

All the meters on the control panels of the dams were removed and turned in

to the Balboa storehouse, as the equipment was unnecessary and was deteriorating.

Miter gates.—Antirebounding devices were installed on the contactors of all the gate machines.

On all the intermediate gates the handrail motors, gear boxes, and limit

switches with the wiring were removed and placed in store. The cost of maintaining this eqiiipment was high and it was considered not essential to the

operation.

Work was practically completed on fitting hinged covers and a removable

section over the handrsil equipment on the gates in order to allow ready access

for inspection and repairs to the equipment.

Rising stem valves.—All intermediate rising stem valves with the roller

trains and rods, valve stem, and the guide bearings have been placed in good

condition and when necessary to use the short lengths of lock will be reinstalled. They have also served to replace other valves during the period of

overhauling.

Chain fenders.—Wooden blocks with springs have been installed in the pits

of all chain-fender machines. The springs take up the shock of the intermediate cylinder i.t the end of the upstroke.

Caisso7i and pump barge.—The lock caisson was used from January 14 to April 15, 1918, in unwatering the lock chambers. At the completion of the work

all the paint on the interior was touched up and the machines and equipment

put in good condition.

The spillway caisson was placed on the west lock wall for painting ; repairs

were made to the wooden seals and decking and some angle irons and U bolts

were straightened. • Pump barge No. 169 was dry-docked in the upper chamber and the interior

and exterior of the hull painted.

Miscellaneous.—The covers on approximately 14,000 linear feet of the chases

for the lighting and telephone wires in the operating tunnels were removed.

This was made necessary due to the trouble on these circuits caused by water

and mud filling the chases.

Water level indicator board and switches were installed at the top of the

shafts at all crossunder sump-pump motors. The switches operating the sump

pumps are now thrown manually when the indicator shows the sumps are full. An indicating device has been installed on the lock control board to show

the position of the arrow on the south approach wall which can not be seen
56 THE PANAMA CANAL.

by the control-board operator, ^he device is operated by a transmitter and

receiver similar to those on the control board.

Approximately 3,600 feet of lead-covered telephone cable have been pulled in

from the lamp-posts to the chases in the operating tunnel to replace the jutecovered cable which was unserviceable.

New wall fenders of alemendra, a native hardwood, are being used to replace

the old timber fenders as fast as they are broken and have to be renewed.

CONSTRUCTION AND NEW EQUIPMENT.

One new rowboat was constructed. A power-driven hack saw has been added

to the equipment for the machine shop. A motor-operated jointer machine was

made by the lock forces for the carpenter shop and a secondhand band saw is also being installed. Concrete scrap bins and an oil house have been placed on

the platform in rear of the storeroom building. A new frame building was

erected by the building division on the middle level, east wall, for use as a paint shop and storeroom. A rope shelter with concrete roof and posts has

been erected on all wing and approach walls.

GENERAL OVERHAULING.

From January 14 to April 15, 1918. the lock chambers were unwatered in

order to paint the gates and make necessary repairs to the valves and submerged

parts.

The following dates of placing and removing the caisson show the completion

of the work in the various chambers

:

West chamber, middle and lower levels: Caisson placed on January 14, and

raised on February 23.

East chamber, middle and lower levels : Caisson placed on March 1, and raised on March 23.

East chamber, upper level : Caisson placed on April 9, and raised on April 15.

The work on the rising stem valves in addition to touching up the bitumastic

enamel, covered the renewal of all parts worn due to corrosion and electrolytic

action, replacing broken bronze spring strips on the side seals and grinding off

the bottom seats of the valves, which were badly pitted. A number of floor

plates were found missing and these were replaced.

The machinery steel removable side strips on the box castings were replaced

with lignum-vitiB strips on all valves in the middle and lower levels. The Babbitt seat was replaced with greenheart on all valves, except the intermediate,

in the middle and lower levels.

The work on the cylindrical valves consisted of the replacing of the worn

leather seals and nuts. Only the valves in the middle and lower levels were

overhauled.

The channel irons and rollers in the roller trains, the roller train tracks on

both the wall and the valve, and the front wearing pad on the rising stem valves

all showed marked wear and corrosion. Extensive repairs and renewal of parts

will be necessary at the next overhauling of these valves.

From July to November, 1915, the exterior surfaces of the lock gates on both

sides from the bottom to the freeing ports, except on gates Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. 37, 38,

39, 40, on which to the full height on both sides, and on gates Nos. 33, 34, 35, 36

to the full height, only on the upstream side, were painted by the American

Bitumastic Enamels Co. with bitumastic solution and enamel under a five-year

guarantee. A contract has been entered into by which The Panama Canal is

to do the necessary work to repair the paint on these gates, the cost of same

to be billed against the American Bitumastic Enamels Co.

During tfce period the locks were unwatered ; the lock forces painted these

gates where necessary. In the lower level the bitumastic enamel had failed

to such an extent that practically all the exterior surfaces of the gates in the

lower level had to be cleaned and were repainted with hermastic solution and

poison enamel furnished by the contractor. The interior of the water chambers of the gates, which are under water, were also painted at this time.

At the end of this fiscal year, the work of touching up the paint under the

contract on the exterior of the gates and on the interior of the gates in both the

air and water compartments was about 90 per cent complete and will be entirely

completed in about one more month.

The five-year guarantee for the interior of the gates in the water and air compartments expires in January, 1919.
KEPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 57

Hermastic solution and enamel is being used to paint the lock gates on tlie exterior surfaces which were not covered by the contractor. At the end of the

fiscal year 19 sides of gates were completed, and the work will be carried on as

fast as the oil paint fails and the surfaces need repainting.

In the last annual report mention was made of applying a zinc coating by the

Schoop process to one rising stem valve and portable parts and section of two

of the lock gates below sea level. These parts were unwatered one year after

the zinc had been applied, and it was found that practically all the zinc coating

had gone and all parts were rusting, showing that this process can not be used

for a protective coating on gates and valves.

Pacific Locks.

organization and personnel.

Mr. William R. Holloway as superintendent continued throughout the entire

fiscal year, making his headquarters at Pedro Miguel locks, Mr. Jesse C.

Myrick as assistant superintendent, being located at Miraflores locks, Mr.

Robert S. Mills as electrical supervisor and Mr. George L. Viberg as mechanical

supervisor, divided their time between the two locks. The personnel of the

organization was slightly changed, eight employees resigning their positions

to enter into the United States Army and United States Navy service, making

it necessary to fill their positions by promotion.

OPERATION.

The lock force has continued working on the two-shift basis, as outlined in the

previous annual report, covering a period from 7 a. m. to 8 p. m. This plan

has been made suitable to meet all requirements of the increased traffic. At Pedro Miguel locks 2,420 lockages were made or an average of 6.63 per

day, and at Miraflores locks 2,343 lockages were made or an average of 6.40 per

day.

The traffic for the month of May broke all previous records as to number

of lockages, commercial vessels and tonnage passing through the canal. The

commercial vessels numbered 212, which is 17 more than any previous month.

The total number of lockages made at Pedro Miguel locks was 229, exceeding

the previous high record by 9. The steamship Ceramic locked through on December 12 northbound, is the

longest ship that has been handled in the locks to date—length, 655 feet

;

beam, 69.2 ; draft, 29.2 feet in fresh water—was towed by eight locomotives,

being under perfect control at all times.

Each emergency dam was operated once a month through the year for drill

and inspection. All gold employees on the operating shift on duty respond to the signal whistle. The towing locomotive operators are all qualified to

operate the gate and girder hoisting machines and the general operators to

swing the dams.

The spillway at Miraflores locks was operated as necessary to keep the

elevation of Miraflores Lake within the prescribed limits.

There was a total of 254 spillway operations made during the year.

The greatest discharge through the spillway to date occurred on September 6,

1917, when three gates were raised 5.2 feet for 40 minutes. This was due to

the failure of the dam for the settling basin on the west side of Pedro Miguel

locks, during an unusually heavy rain. The water overflowed the dam, tearing

it out for about 80 feet and releasing 8 feet head of water. As a result of this

heavy discharge through the spillway, some damage was sustained by the

railroad trestle bridge south of Miraflores locks and some dredging was re- quired in the canal channel opposite this bridge.

MAINTENANCE.

Cables.—Two or three cases of trouble developed in the control cables. On

inspection it was found that one 5 and one 8 conductor, varnished cambric insulated, lead sheathed cables in the middle crossover at Miraflores locks were

grounded. These two cables were located in a closed duct, back of the other

cables, next to the lock walls. Upon removal the lead sheathing was found to be badly pitted and entirely gone in places, due to seepage of water through

the concrete, which entered these ducts near top of shaft, causing the chemical
58 THE PANAMA CANAL.

action, which was explained in report on cables to Col. Dillon dated September

24, 1917.

A total of six control cables in the middle crossover were found to be affected to. varying degrees and the affected cables were replaced with new ones. Evei'y case of cable failure was found to be in the side wall of the vertical

shafts in the outside row of ducts, on the upstream side of duct lines at Miratlores locks. To obviate this the new cables were installed in a different location supported on hangers, keeping them 2 or 3 inches from the surface

of the concrete. Since this change has been made no further trouble has developed and all cables are in good condition.

Chain fender machines.—To facilitate testing and setting of Ross valves, the

top cylinders of all machines are drilled, tapped and nipples and valves aiiplied

for a three-fourths-inch pipe connection, allowing direct connection to the highpressure testing pump. The air-operated high-pressure pump used for above

testing was overhauled and rebuilt to increase its capacity.

Every three months all chain fender machines are tested with high-pressure

pumps, the Ross valves reset and adjusted to release at 300 and 400 pounds of

pressure, then sealed with lead car seals to prevent being tampered with. All

overflow tanks are washed out and refilled with fresh water at the same time.

Control houses.—The control house, control boards, and all accessories have

been completely overhauled and kept in perfect operating conditions at both

locks.

Emergency dams.—Mechanical interlocks have been installed on contacts at

panels for all gate and girder hoists, replacing the electrical interlocks.

Having been found to be unnecessary, all ammeters and wattmeters, with their

current transformers and Y-box resistances, have been removed from all dams

and returned to stock at Balboa storehouse.

Fenders.—The fender timbers on all approach and wing walls at both locks

have been maintained. It has been necessary to replace many of these timbers

during the year, some from decay or rot, and others being damaged by ships

striking them.

The crib fenders at the end of south approach wall at Pedro Miguel locks

were practically destroyed by teredos, making it necessary to install a complete

new crib fender. One hundred and twenty new creosoted piling were driven

and new fender frame installed around same. The crib fender at the north end of Pedro Miguel locks was damaged, caused

by a collision of the steamship Capto on March 16. This necessitated replacing

60 of the piling and an entirely new fender frame.

New chains for holding the low-tide fender timbers in place during high-tide

water on south approach wall at Mirafloi-es locks were installed to replace cables

used oi-iginally, which had rusted away.

Crib fender at end of north approach wall at Miraflores locks was also re- paired. Eighteen new piles were driven in connection with this work.

Miter gate machines.—All machines were thoroughly overhauled, motors tested

and inspected. The buUwheel openings at the upper guard gates at both locks

were protected by one-half-inch mesh steel guards to prevent access from the

outside.

Miter lock gates.—Soundings were taken in all air-tight compartments weekly

which were pumped out where necessary.

All sump pumps were operated for test weekly and given a thorough inspection each month.

Rising stem valves.—Steel footwalks and handrails were installed over all pits at all machines at both locks, to facilitate maintenance and promote safety

for employees.

To insure the bevel gears remaining in proper mesh, a Babbitt collar has been

cast on vertical shaft under the gear and a split iron collar placed on the vertical

shaft between the gear and the bearing; this work has been completed on all

machines at both locks.

In September, 1917, the east chamber was unwatered for the inspection of the

miter gates and other submerged parts by the contractor. At this time the lock

forces made a thorough inspection of the rising stem valves at the lower end of

the east and center walls. The valves and fixed irons had been coated with

bitumastic the previous years, at which time the steel side seal strips and the

Babbitt bottom seals had been replaced with lignum-vitae and greenheart wood,

respectively. The bitumastic enamel was found to be in good condition and

required very little touching up. The new wood seals have been found very

satisfactory and showed very little wear and no evidence as yet of teredos.
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 59

Spillway.—Galvanized-iron pans were made and installed under the worms

tiC each of the srate-operating machines, to catch the oil drippings which formerly

went to waste ; this oil is now bein<; filtered and used again.

Tel rphone and lifthiing syslein.—Considerable trouble has been experienced

witli tlie telephone system during the past year. On inspection, it was found

that the .iute-covered wire originally installed was the cause of the trouble; this

jule-insulated wire has all been replaced with lead-covered cable. lUibberiiiKulated wire originally installed in the exterior lamp-posts for lighting, has

also been replaced with lead-covered cable at both locks, which has practically

eliminated all trouble on these circuits.

The installing of lead-covered cable, replacing jute-covered wire, In the

chases in all tunnels was completed, the chases being left open for inspection

and ventilation. These chases were originally closed up with cement blocks; on removing these blocks, the chases were found to be very damp and wet and

the wires covered with mold ; leaving the chase open has prevented any further

trouble.

Terminal boards have been installed under the control boards in control

houses, on telephone cables, to facilitate testing and locating trouble.

Distribution terminal boards were also installed in all crossover rooms in

operating tunnels to facilitate testing and locating trouble on telephone system.

Toiling locomotives.—The two new locomotives manufactured at the Balboa

shops were received at Mirallores locks in June, 1917. The cars as received

had no electrical work done on them. Panel boards have since been installed,

together with other electrical accessories, and the cars wired complete ; they

are giving satisfactory service.

Several changes were made in the design of these locomotives, i. e., the cab

was increased 6 Inches in height, and is a decided improvement. Electrically

operated brakes were installed on the slow coiling motors, to prevent them

from overhauling, a feature previously installed on one locomotive for experimental purposes, which proved very satisfactory and a valuable improvement.

It is the intention to Install same style brakes on all towing locomotives, using

the brakes from the discarded miter forcing machines for this purpose. Openings were cut and sliding panels made and installed in the back of each cab on all locomotives to give access to the wiring on the rear of the switchboard

panels. Pipe fenders were installed on all locomotives to prevent cables from

rubbing the sides.

All locomotives have been maintained both electrically and mechanically and

kept in practically perfect operating condition.

Toning track system.—On account of faulty construction, many of the rail

joints of towing tracks and the sections over the miter gate I'ecesses were found

to be loose, necessitating removing the concrete and also removing the removable sections, correcting the base plate, by placing steel shims under the rails,

to level them, after which the concrete was put back in place, making these

tracks mechanically perfect at the present time. The vibration of these- loose

joints caused many of the copper bonds connecting the rails together to break

loose, which had to be renewed.

Transformer rooms.—Ventilators were designed, cast out of concrete and installed In the decking covers, 20 in all, one at each transformer room at both

locks.

The oil in all transformer and oil switch cases at both locks was tested and

filtered, or renewed where necessary.

" Resuscitation " instructions and one-line diagrams of high-tension distributing system were provided with frames and hung on the walls in every transformer room for the benefit of employees.

Caisson.—The floating caisson previous to being sent to Gatun locks, was

pumped out to reduce the draft to 33J feet, and left Pedro Miguel locks on

October 29, 1917.

Deck lights.—Broken glasses were removed and new glasses placed where

necessary at both locks. Approximately 8,000 new glasses were installed.

Backfills and dams.—The backfills and dams at both sets of locks have been

maintained throughout the year.

All railroad tracks at both locks were maintained and resurfaced.

The grass on all backfills and dams has been kept cut during the rainy season ; during the dry season part of this force was used in caring for and

clearing up backfills, grading, ditching, and draining same. Four locomotive repair pits have been installed, one on the upper level and

one on the lower level on each side at Miraflores locks. Spurs connecting these
60 I'HE PANAMA CANAL.

pits with the return traclis on the lock walls and with the main railroad tracks

have been installed, requiring a large amount of grading on the west side.

The west dam at Miraflores locks was riprapped from launch landing to lock

wall, a distance of about 300 feet.

A 5-foot concrete walk was made from west lock wall to bachelor quarters

and a 5-foot oil and gravel walk connecting this with the launch landing at

Miraflores locks.

Launches and boats.—Launch Mary S was taken out of water, completely

overhauled, and put back into service.

The assembling of the new launch (knocked down) ordered from the States

lias been started and is well under way.

Five flat-bottom and three round-bottom rowboats were built and put into

service.

Locomotive cranes.—All locomotive cranes were kept in serviceable condition,

ready for instant use. Lock machine shops.—The machine shops have been able to turn out nearly

all parts necessary for the maintenance of the lock equipment, with the exception of a very few very heavy pieces of work, which were sent to the Balboa

shops.

A retaining wall was built for the platform in front of the machine shop at

Miraflores. The platform was finished off with gravel and screenings. This

wall was mainly built out of concrete slabs left over from the construction of

the locks.

MISCELLANEOUS WORK.

Scaffolds.—Twelve scaffolds were made for painter, for use in painting miter

gates.

Cocoli shed.—All machinery and material stored at Cocoli shed was cleaned

up and painted with tar paint.

One carload of piping 2i to 6 inches, four carloads of scrap iron, and two

cars of scrap rail were sent to storehouse for credit.

A run around railroad track with two switches, was laid around Cocoli shed.

Trees obstructing the view from the control house were cut off Cocoli shed,

south of Miraflores locks.

BITUMASTIC WORK AND PAINTING OF LOCK GATES AND SURMERGED PARTS.

The floating caisson was sunk at the lower end of the east chamber at Miraflores locks on August 29, for the purpose of making an inspection and touching

up of the miter gates, valves, and other submerged parts. All painting work

was completed and the chamber again flooded on September 20, 1917.

The water was lowered in the west chamber on September 29, for an inspection of the miter gates, which were found to be in very good condition.

The contractor who had coated the portion of the gates under water with

bitumastic enamel performed the necessary touching up of this work.

His work had not stood up as well as anticipated and necessitated quite a

lot of touching up. He was unable to procure the same kind of material originally used, so was allowed to substitute a practically new material, which is manufactured under the name of " Hermastic enamel." This seems to have

formed a perfect bond and has proved satisfactory so far.

Under date of January 11, 1918, a new contract was entered into by the

American Bitumastic Enamels Co. with The Panama Canal, to do the necessary

repair work to the enamel on these gates, to complete their five-year guarantee.

They \vithdrew their representative from the Isthmus ; since this time the lock

forces have taken care of this work in a more satisfactory manner than it was

done heretofore, the cost of same being billed against the contractors.

The interior of the gates is now being inspected and the necessary touching

up is being done, as the five-year guarantee on the interior of all gates expires

during 1918. The work will be done as near the expiration of the contract as

possible. , Gates Nos. 100-101, 102-103 at Miraflores and gates Nos. 50-51, 52-53, 70-71,

and 72-73 at Pedro Miguel have been completed. Those at Pedro Miguel locks

were in fair condition, while those at Miraflores locks require about one-third

of the surface to be reenameled. The material has held up well where it was

applied, but inspection proved that in some places no enamel had been applied.
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 61

The upper portion of the gates, which had been coated with graphite and

lead paint, was gone over by the lock force at the same time, with the exception of four gates, Nos. 112-113, 116-117. Two of these gates (Nos. 116-117)

were treated with hermastic enamel and solution furnished by the manufacturer, the other two gates (Nos. 112-113) being treated with enamel over Navy solution formula No. 58, for the purpose of determining which was the

better. Preliminary results have proven that the latter treatment forms a more perfect bond.

The exterior surface of all miter gates at Pedro Miguel locks which were

coated with Navy bitumen enamel and solution, formula No. 58-59-60, during

the last fiscal year, and reported as having been done by the lock forces in the

last annual report, has been inspected and found very satisfactory up to the

present time.

PAINTING.

In addition to caring for the bitumastic work and the painting of the spare

parts at Corozal storehouse, the following painting has been done

:

Chain fenders.—Fourteen machines at Miraflores and two at Pedro Miguel

locks have been painted completely and the walls of the pits whitewashed during the year. All of the chains have been painted with an especially prepared

tar paint, which has proved very successful for this purpose.

Rising stem valves.—The rising stem valves in the east and center wall culverts at Miraflores locks were inspected. These had been coated with bitumastic the year previous by the contractors. They were found in very good condition and the very small amount of touching up necessary was done by the

contractor.

Totoing locomotives.—All locomotives have been painted during the year,

receiving two coats of gray paint and two coats of spar varnish. The gray

color is more lasting, absorbs the heat less, and is easier to keep clean than the

original black.

Emergency dains.—Emergency dams at both sets of locks were due to be

painted January, 191S, as they are supposed to be painted every two years,

but upon inspection, they being found in fairly good condition, it'was decided

to do some necessary touching up and leave a general coating go until next year.

8pilhcay.—The upstream side of the spillway gates was touched up with

bitumastic and the downstream side and bridge structure painted.

Ron-boats.—Flat and round bottom rowboats used around the locks to liandle lines and to put the pilots aboard ships were severely attacked by teredos,

more damage being done at Miraflores locks than has been reported at any

other place on the Isthmus. To obviate this these boats were coated with a special copper paint, which has been used since last November with good results.

Concrete-floor paint.—After considerable study, to get a suitable paint to

hold on the concrete floors of the operating tunnels and machine rooms, a small order was secured from the " Trus Con " laboratories which seems to be more satisfactory than that hei'etofore used.

Condiictor-slot covers.—All conductor-slot covers have been coated with tar

paint.

Test plates.—A series of about 30 test plates have been made up and several

different paints of various manufacturers and some paints locally manufactured

by the lock forces are being tested to determine just what will make the best

coating for the protection of the steel structure both under and above water.

This was done on account of the climatic conditions found here. It is hoped

that some very valuable information will be obtained from these test plates for

future use. Paint mixing and grinding machines.—Due to the large quantities of paints

required for maintenance at the locks, it was considered advisable to have a paint machine. Accordingly, a 30-inch single water-cooled Kaestner & Hecht

paint machine was installed in the paint shop at Pedro Miguel locks. This mill

has proved to be a valuable addition to our equipment, as a better paint is obtained and at a lower cost by buying the raw materials and doing our own

mixing and grinding. A considerable saving is also effected by regrinding old

paint that has dried and hardened. This machine is belt driven by a 7-horsepower induction motor secured from the stock of miter-forcing machine motors,

which were considered unnecessary and were removed.

Miscellaneous.—The necessary painting of all operating machinery has been

kept up during the year.
62 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Electrical Division,

The details of the operations of the electrical division during the

fiscal year are covered in the report of the electrical engineer, which

follows

:

ELECTRICAL DIVISION.

W. L. Hersh, Electrical Engineer.

CHARACTER AND EXTENT OF THE WORK.

Tlie duties of the electrical division, during the fiscal year just closed, comprised the necessary work of design, construction, operation, and maintenance

of the steam and hydroelectiric power plants, substations, transmission lines

and power distribution systems ; municipal, street, shops, dock, building, and

house lighting systems; telephone, telegraph, fire-alarm and railway blocksignal systems, and the railway interlocking plants ; the electric storage battery

cargo handling trucks at the terminal docks and storehouses ; and the installation and repair of all classes of electrical apparatus for The Panama Canal,

Panama Railroad Company, United States Army and INavy, and of all departments and divisions therein, and of commercial and United States Navy steamships.

ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL,

Col. T. H. Dillon, United States Army, continued as electrical engineer until

he was ordered to Washington on February 5, 1918, when Mr. Walter L. Hersh

was appointed electrical engineer. This change made the position of superintendent of power open, to which Mr. Baxter R. Grier was appointed. On

April 24, 1918, Mr. W. L. Fey, superintendent of maintenance and construction,

resigned to accept a commission in the United States Engineer Reserve Corps,

snd his position was filled by Mr. Albert C. Garlington. Mr. Carl W. Markham,

in charge of the office and I'equisitions, resigned on August 11, 1917, to accept a commission in the United States Engineer Reserve Corps, and his position

was filled by Mr. M. P. Benninger. The five divisions into which the work was

divided remains unchanged except as above, and is as follows

:

Office and requisitions, M. P. Benninger.

Power and transmission system, B. R. Grier, superintendent.

Construction and maintenance. A. C. Garlington, superintendent.

Telephone and telegraph, C. L. Bleakley, superintendent.

Railway sign;il system, E. C. McDonald, supervisor.

On June 30, 1918, there were 208 gold and 393 silver employees in this division. The average monthly pay roll for the division was $46,000 ; average

monthly expenditures were about $127,000, of which 80 per cent was for work

done for other departments and divisions.

OFFICE AND DESIGN.

The usual miscellaneous office work was done throughout the year, including

cori'espondence, reports, worlv orders, estimates and the preparation of 19

material requisitions, including specifications for 2,045 items totaling in value

$783,903.

The general plans of last year were developed in complete detail for the

extension to the hydroelectric generating station and the transformer substation at Gatun. Plans were developed, specifications prepared, and requisitions

placed for the complete electrical installations for liglit, lieat, and power at the

Navy submarine base and the Army and Navy aero stations.

Plans were prepared for the lighting and application of electric power in all buildings erected as new or remodeled by The Panama Canal, and in a few

buildings for other interests located on the Canal Zone.

IMans were prepared for the necessary extensions to the underground con- duit and cable distribution system for light, power, telephone and telegraph, and

fire-alarm service in the permanent towns of the canal, including the Army and

Navy reservations.

A complete revision of forms and method of handling work orders has been

made and the new system is going into operation July 1, 1918.
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 63

POWER-PLANT EXTENSIONS.

The project of extending the hydroelectric development at Gatim spillway,

including- the installation of one additional generator unit of 4,500 kilowatt

capacity, was carried on throughout the year. Considerahlp delay was ex- perienced in this work due to the difficulty of obtaining equipment and materials from the States. Most of this delay was caused by war conditions, the

congested factories of the contractors supplying this equipment, and the diffi- culty of railroad and ocean transportation.

By the end of the year the building extension proper was practically completed, including concrete cells for oil circuit breakers, and concrete shelving

for duplicate set of 6,600 volt buses. The penstocks for the proposed No. 4 unit

and for the future units Nos. 5 and 6 were completed, including backfill and

inside coat of bitumastic enamel. The head-gate house, the head gates, the

trash racks, and the head-gate operating machinery, including switchboard and

wiring, were completed.

The erection of the 275 kilowatt horizontal turbine exciter set has been completed, but no final test has as yet been made. The 6,750 horsepower Pelton

Francis vertical turbine, and the 4,500 kilowatt generator unit were received

in May, and the erection was started by June 1. The oil pumps and pipe

foi the oil system were received and their erection was started during June.

The switchboard and switchboard meters were the last material to be received,

and were delivered on the Isthmus during the last week in June. Copper was

installed for the extension of bus No. 1, and the work on bus No. 2 was started.

The work of placing switch gear in the compartments for the oil circuit breakers

was started. This work was delayed to some extent when the men were taken

from this work for more urgent work in line with national defense.

After the installation of the No. 4 unit, the hydroelectric plant will have a

capacity of three 2,880 kilowatts and one 4,500 kilowatt units, totaling 13.140

kilowatts, with provisions for the future installation of two 4,500 kilowatt units,

making a total ultimate capacity of 22,140 kilowatts.

WATER CONSUMPTION—HYDROELECTRIC STATION.

A study has been made of the possible quantity of water to be consumed

for the generation of electric power at the hydroelectric station at Gatun

si)illway. After this plant has been developed to its ultimate capacity, the

equipment driven by turbines will consist of three 2.880 kilowatt and three

4,500 kilowatt generating units, and one 275 kilowatt exciter unit. Actual

figures covering a six months' period develop the fact that the existing three

2,880 kilowatt units were operating at an average load of 75 per cent of their

capacity. Under average load of 7.5 per cent of their capacity, it was computed

that these three units will each consume water at a rate of 410 cubic feet

per second. Under maximum capacity load, it has been computed that these

three units will consume 528 cubic feet per second. In these computations, the

efficiency of the generators has been based on the manufacturer's factory tests and the turbine efficiency on the test made at the time of the acceptance of the

larger capacity turbine wheels mentioned in last year's report.

In estimating the water to be consumed by the 4,-500 kilowatt units, Nos. 4,

5, and 6, no actual test data are available. This computation was based on the

turbine and generator efficiencies as proposed by the manufacturers. From these

proposed values, it has been computed that water will be consumed by each

of these units, when loaded on the average to 75 per cent of their capacity, at a rate of 657 cubic feet per second, and when loaded to full capacity this rate

will be 852 cubic feet per second. The water consumption of the new 275

kilowatt exciter set, when based on generator and turbine efficiencies as proposed by the manufacturers, is computed to be 58.3 cubic feet per second.

The total water consumption at the hydroelectric stations, when the ultiTuate

six unit capacity of 22.140 kilowatts is operated under average load of 75 per

cent, is summed up as follows

:

Cubic feet per sf cond.

For three 2,8S0-kilowatt generator units 1,230

For three 4,500-kilowatt generator units 1,971

For one 275 kilowatt exciter unit 58.3

Total 3, 259. 3
64 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The total water consumption at this plant, when developerl to its ultimate

capacity of 22,140 kilowatts and fully loaded, is summed up as follows

:

Cubic feet per second.

For three 2,880-kilowatt generator units 1, 584

For three 4,500-kilowatt generator units 2, 556

For one 275-kilowatt exciter unit . 58. 3

Total 4, 198. 3

The estimate of 3,259 cubic feet per second is a very conservative iigure for

the rate of water consumption for the average loading of this station when

developed to the ultimate capacity.

Tlie value 4.198 cubic feet per second would represent the rate of water con- sumption in case the minimum or valley output exceeded the plant's ultimate

capacity requiring the generation of loads in excess of 22,140 kilowatts at

Miraflores steam or other plants. But while such conditions are not impossible,

there is at this time no indication of their probability for some indefinite time

in the future.

SUBSTATION AND TRANSMISSION LINE IMPROVEMENTS.

At Gatun substation, preparations were made to adapt this station to the

conditions obtaining after the conversion of the hydro station from 2,200

volt to 6,600 volt generation. This work includes the installation of one 8,400-

kilovolt-ampere 6,600-44,000-volt water-cooled transformer ; the complete re- modeling of concrete cells for oil circuit breakers and for instrument transformers ; the installation of higher capacity circuit breakers ; the remodeling

of a greater part of and additions to existing switchboard ; the remodeling of

bus layout, including both 2,200 volt and 6,600 volt secondary buses ; the installation of two 1 ,500-kilovolt-ampere 6,600-2,200-volt water-cooled transformers ; the installation of a cooling water system to supply raw lake water

to cool new transformers ; the reconnection of two 4,000-kilovoIt-ampere 2,200-

44,000-volt radiator-type transformers for 6,600-44,000-volt operation ; and the

removing of two 2,667-kilovolt-ampere 2,200-44,000-volt radiator-type transformers.

This work has been under way for some time, but has been delayed to some

extent due to causes incident to the war conditions, such as the congestion of

the factories of the contractors supplying new equipment, to the difficulty of

railroad and ocean transportation, and to the need of calling men from this

work in favor of woi'k in the line of national defense.

When these changes now in progress have been completed, the Gatun substation will be equipped with two 1,500-kilovolt-ampere 6,600-2,200-volt transformers for local distribution, and with two 4,000-kilovolt-amperes, and one

8,400-kilovolt-ampere 6,600-44,000-volt transformers ' for distant transmission,

with provisions for the future installation of one 8,400-kilovolt-ampere watercooled transformer.

At the Cristobal substation one of the two 2,667-kilovolt-ampere 44,000-2,200

transformers has been rebuilt and rerated to 2,500-kilovolt-ampere 44,000-11,000

volts. There has been installed an 11,000-volt bus with complete switch gear

and the necessary switchboard improvements for accommodating two transformers rebuilt as above ; two outgoing 11,000-volt feeders to refrigerating plant

and submarine base, with provisions to accommodate the two future outgoing

11,000 feeders. A second 2,667-kilovolt-ampere transformer is to be rebuilt

and rerated to 2,500-kilovolt-amperes upon removal from Gatun substation.

When this last-mentioned item is completed, this station will be equipped with

two 2,667-kilovolt-ampere transformers for 2,200-volt local distribution, and two

2,500-kilovolt-ampere transformers for distant 11,000-volt distribution. At this

Cristobal substation, one 2,200 feeder equipment has been installed for supii»lying current to the townsite at New Cristobal.

At the Miraflores substation one 2,667-kilovolt-ampere 44,000-2,200 volt transformer has been rebuilt and rerated 2,500-kilovolt-ampere 44,000-11,000 volts.

This transformer was removed from Gatun substation, rebuilt and located at

Miraflores in order that thi-ee 500-kilovolt-ampere transformers can be released

for service at the Coco Solo submarine base. A small temporary 1,000-kilovoltampere 11,000-volt substation was built at Gold Hill from second-hand transformers and materials, and energized from Miraflores. By this expedient there

were released three 500-kilovolt-ampere transformers for use at the Coco Solo
REPORT OF ENGINEER OP MAINTENANCE. 65

submarine base. After these changes of rebuilding and rerating transformer

equipment the Miraflores substation is now equipped with three 2,667-liilovoltampere 44,000-2,200-volt transformers, and one 2,500-kiIovolt-ampere 44,000-

11,000-volt transformer.

Through the releasing of a total of six 500-kilovolt-ampere transformers,

sufficient transformer equipment was secured to arrange for temporary power

facilities at the Navy submarine base and aero stations practically nine months

in advance of the proposed receipt of permanent equipment from manufacturers

in, the States.

At the Balboa substation two 2,200 volt feeder equipments were installed; one additional feeder to the air-compressing plant in building No. 29, and the

second for feeding auxiliary power to the Pacific forts. Requisition has been

placed for equipping this station with 400 lillovolt amperes transformer capacity, and necessary details to supply auxiliary power to the Pacific forts at a

potential of 6,600 volts. The main power installation of this station, consisting

of three 2,667 kilovolt amperes, 44,000-2,200 volt transformers, remains practically unchanged.

Transmission line improvements consisted of the insertion of line-section

switches at Gamboa. At this point four 3-pole sets of an improved type of disconnecting switch, arranged for steel tower mounting with facilities for operating from the ground, were installed. This installation proved so convenient

and time saving in times of line faults, that all the original type of line sec- tion switches, which required the operator to climb part way up the tower,

were replaced by this improved type of switch. The total installation of this

type now consists of four 3-pole switches at Miraflores, four 3-pole switches at

Gamboa, and four 3-pole switches at Gatun.

DISTRIBUTION LINES.

Extensions and improvements to the underground power distribution system

included the laying of approximately 75,240 duct feet of vitrified tile duct;

25,000 duct feet of fiber duct, and the installation of 382,720 feet of lead-covered cable of all sizes and voltages.

The principal items of work included in these figures are the distribution

system extensions to the townsite of New Cristobal, the new cold-storage

plant, Cristobal, to the submarine base at Coco Solo, and the aero station at

Manzanillo. In these figures there are also included the installations of complete underground distribution systems at Balboa radio station, at Corozal

ordnance depot, at Port Sherman, and the local distribution systems within the

reservations at the submarine base and aero stations.

Miscellaneous other items of distribution improvements include the building

of a small pole line to serve Mindi dairy farm ; the placing of the greater part

of the overhead secondary distribution at Ancon and Balboa underground

;

extensive changes to range and beacon circuits whereby these circuits, previously energized from Pedro Miguel locks, are now enei'gized from Gamboa;

and an underground circuit in the city of Panama to supply light and power to Panama Canal and other Government interests in that city.

The principal additions to the street-lighting systems were those at New

Cristobal and Fort Grant, and several improvements were made to the existing

installations requiring a total addition of 70 standard type lighting posts and

approximately 14,300 feet of lead-covered cable.

OPEBATION OF POWEE SYSTEM.

The power system was operated throughout the year with an average net

generated output of 4,419,192 kilowatt hours per month, as compared with

4,199,020 kilowatt hours per month last year. The increase in output has

been largely generated at the hydroelectric station, and the fuel-oil consumption

at the Miraflores steam plant for stand-by service has been reduced from an

average of 3,428 barrels per month last year to 2,906 barrels per month this

year. The average cost of distributed power for the year was 0.7782 cent per

kilowatt hour, as compared with 0.7301 cent per kilowatt hour last year.

This increase in cost of power has been caused largely by the increased cost of

labor for operation and maintenance.

Plate No. 3 shows the typical curves of Sunday and week-day loads carried

at the hydroelectric station. The Miraflores steam station is operated on a
66 THE PANAMA CANAL.

reserve basis carrying load only at such times as the total-system load exceeds

the present three-unit capacity of the hydro station. The power used to motor

the two or more generators at Miraflores operated as synchronous condensers

for power-factory correction exceeds the power generated at this plant. This

accounts for the negative output for this plant as tabulated In the following

abstract showing the monthly output generated at both plants

:

Table shoivimj monthly outputs in Tcilowatt hours.

Month.

Net output
EEPOET OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 67

The principal loads in kilowatts added during the past year are tabulated as

follows:

Submarine charging station (temporary)

Storage battery charging station, Cristobal Army quarters and buildings

New Hospital, Ancon

New hospital, Cristobal Mindi dairy farm

Balboa shops, additional machinery and miscellaneous

Air compressor, Inxilding 29, 1,000 cubic feet

Power.

1,000

150

20

100

10

250

200

Light.

30

10020

Series street lighting

Municipal pumping station. Empire

Municipal pumping station, Paraiso Buildings at Red Tank

Buildings at New Cristobal

Total.

Power,

120

50

1,900

Light.

10

20

90

270

The principal loads to be added in the future are tabulated as follows

;
68 THE PANAMA CANAL.

cipal items of cable installation included in these figures are a trunk cable

to submarine base and necessary extensions to the underground system at

Balboa Heights, Cristobal, and Pedro Miguel.

The Transisthmian duct line was broken by a slide near Mile Post 17, on November 18. 1917, making necessary the rebuilding of 150 feet of 4-way duct

and the transfer of cables. Also a 600-foot section of this duct line was re- built at Mile Post 38, new cable installed, and the overhead cable removed at

this point.

The principal items of work performed by the telephone department include

the installation of a new cable in the Transisthmian duct line for the Central

& South American Cable Co. ; the installation of one private branch exchange

at Quarry Heights, and a second at the submarine base; and the installation

of a complete 14 station interphone system at the Balboa radio station.

Central office improvements included the installation of additional switchboard sections, consisting of two operating positions at Cristobal exchange,

two positions at Pedro Miguel exchange, and one position at Balboa Heights

exchange.

The question of new telephone equipment for the Cristobal exchange is being investigated to determine the best type of apparatus to install. Those

under consideration are the improved type of manual with automatic listing

and ringing, semiautomatic, and full automatic.

FIRE-ALARM SYSTEM.

The work of inspecting and maintaining the fire-alarm system has been

combined with the telephone department. New installations consisted of two

additional fire-alarm boxes at New Cristobal, four auxiliary fire-alarm boxes on dock at La Boca, and a new fire-alarm register at the'Aucon fire station.

One case of trouble was reported during the year ; this was a defective alarm

box at Cristobal. The complete system has been inspected and worked over, and worn parts have been renewed where necessary to keep the system in

good state of repair and in positive operating condition.

EAILWAY SIGNAL SYSTEM.

There were a few changes made on the railway signal system during the

year on accoimt of track changes ; at Gamboa a new spur track was connected

to main line; Gamboa passing track was extended 50 feet south, making it necessary to move one train-order signal and two automatic signals ; minor

track changes at Monte Lirio required some changes in signal system ; the

power-operated train-order signals at Frijoles were taken out of service on

account of discontinuing this as an operating station; railway switch at Rio

Grande was removel and switch signals removed.

The overhead signal cable at slide near Mile Post 38 was taken down and

cable installed in rebuilt duct line around this slide. Also new piece of cable

cut in at north end of Bohio siding on account of threatened slide, new duct line

having been built. Two highway-crossing bells were installed at Cristobal

street crossings. All signals were thoroughly adjusted for kick off, and trouble

from this cause has been practically eliminated. Derails were installed at

several places on hand-thrown switches.

There were 2,404,176 registered arm movements with 131 responsible signal

interruptions, compared with 2,474,210 arm movements and 115 signal interruptions of the previous year. This gave an average of 18,352 arm movements

per signal failure for 1918 and 21,515 arm movements per failure for year of

1917. There were 556 train-minutes delay in 1918, compared with 431 trainminutes delay for 1917. There was an average of 4.2 minutes for each delayed

train on account of flagging. There was one reported false clear aspect on

the 120 automatic, 16 semiautomatic, 14 power operated, 12 mechanical, and

11 train-order signals for the 2,404,176 arm movements. This lone failure

occurred in November, 1917, and was- caused by broken-down installation in

cable splice.

In the following are tabulated the responsible signal failures, arm movements,

ti-ain-minutes delay for each month during the year

:
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 69

Date.

July, 1917 August, 1917 Septemoer, 1917. October, 1917. .

.

November, 1917. December, 1917 January, 1918. .. February, 1918.. March, 1918

April, 1918 Mav, 1918 June, 191 8

Total

Total signal

failures.

Responsible.

15

18

145

9

166

7

3

1610

12

131

Nonresponsible.

18

Total arm

movements.

218,414

211,032

205,874

251,427

224,859

201,592

192,398

177,141

180,563

184, 096 182,512

173,268

2,404,176

Total

train- minutes

delay.

863397

28

50

50

1820

20

42

6050

556

There was an average of 46 train minutes' delay and 10.9 responsible signal

failures per month.

There were three derailments at the interlocking plants as compared with

nine for the preceding year—one in February, at the pontoon bridge, caused by

lift rail not being properly seated ; second in March, at Balboa Heights, caused

by error in operation by leverman in cabin ; third in April, at Balboa Heights, cause remains unknown. There was but one derailment at switches equipped mth hand-throw derails; this was caused by colored brakeman throwing derail

under moving car. There was one failure of power-operated train-order signal,

apparently caused by poor contact adjustment.

There were 60 reported signal failures at interlocking plants for the year.

This includes both mechanical and electrical signals. This was an increase over the preceding year. The greater part of these failures occurred at the

pontoon bridge, mainly from causes foreign to the signal department. Rapid

filling of Pedro Miguel locks lowers the water level at this bridge about 6 or 7

inches in a few minutes. This, and the action of a large dipper dredge which

has been working very close to the bridge for several months, causes a lateral

movement of the pontoon which results in opening of electrical contacts and

loosening of mechanical joints.

Responsible signal interruptions for fiscal year ending June SO, 1918.
70 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Responsible signal interruptions for fiscal year ending June 30, 1918—Continued.
REPORT OF ENGIlSrEER OF MAINTENANCE. 71

Some items of miscellaneous electrical material and* supplies consumed In the work done by the electrical division during the year are briefly expressed

in the following tabulation

:

Wire, rubber-covered twin, total all sizes feet__ 339, 000

Wire, rubber-covered single, total all sizes do 503, 200

Wire, base copper, total all sizes do 38, 600

Lamp cord do 29, 000

Heater cord do 25, 000

Cable, lead-covered, total sizes and types do 383,000

Conduit, rigid steel, all sizes do 349, 100

Condulet fittings units__ 17, 650

Outlet boxes do 6, 025

Electric lamps, all sizes do 199,700

Sockets and receptacles, all types do 35.500

Fuses, all sizes do 35,600

Lighting fixtures, house do 5, 250

Lighting fixtures, marine do 1, 050

Distribution transformers, total 229 all sizes kilowatts— 1, 140

Electric division motor vehicles traveled miles— 43, 950

Municipal Engineering Division.

The details of the operations of the municipal engineering division

during the fiscal year are covered in the report of the municipal

engineer which follows:

Division of Municipal Engineering.

The construction and general maintenance of the division of municipal

engineering was divided into two districts, the Southern, under the supervision

of Mr. W. J. Spalding, extending from Darien to Flamenco Island; and the

Northern, under the supervision of Mr. E. H. Chandler, extending from Frijoles

to Magarita.

The Southern district includes Darien, Gamboa, Las Cascadas, Empire,

Culebra, Paraiso, Pedro Miguel, Red Tank, Corozal, Ancon, Balboa, La Boca

and the city of Panama, Republic of Panama. The total population of this

district, exclusive of United States Military and Naval forces, is approximately

80,600.

The Northern district includes Frijoles, Monte Lirio, Gatun, Mount Hope,

Cristobal, New Cristobal, Toro Point, Magarita, and the city of Colon, Republic of Panama. The population of this district, exclusive of the United

States Military and Naval forces is approximately 40,400.

The operation of the water purification plants, the care of the sources of

water supply, the laboratory control work on concrete, sheet asphalt, concrete

asphalt, tarvia, investigation and experimental work on paints, analysis of

soils, by-products from slaughterhouses, etc., were under the. supervision of

Mr. George C. Bunker, physiologist. The staff of the physiologist was composed

of the following members

:

H. W. Nightingale, biologist.

H. T. Campion, superintendent of the Mount Hope filter plant up to March

6, 1918, succeeded by H. Gunning.

H. F. Schmidt, superintendent of Agua Clara filter plant up to July 7, 1917,

succeeded by W. C. Dunn.

H. W. Green, engineer of tests. A. H. Khachadoorian, chief chemist.

H. Schuber, assistant chemist.

C. W. Saxe, assistant chemist.

J. Congo, filter operator.

R. G. Shell, filter operator.

G. C. Chevalier, filter operator.

E. J. Tucker, chief assistant, resigned September 22, 1917, to enter the Sanitary Corps of the United States National Army.
72 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The following is a list of the more important items of material used on

construction and maintenance work by the municipal division during the fiscal

year

:

70,480 barrels of cement.

5,603 cubic yards of sand.

.5,247 cuubic yards of crushed rock. 2,362 cubic yards of screenings.

52,459 cubic yards of run-of-bank gravel.

634,552 feet b. m. of lumber.

673,506 pounds of reinforcing steel. 31,900 linear feet of vitrified sewer pipe.

67,829 linear feet of galvanized-iron water

pipe.

6,371 linear feet of 20-inch and 24-inch

concrete pipe.

32,110 linear feet of cast-iron water pipe.

51 three-way fire hydrants.

2,237 barrels of crude oil. 395 water meters. 8,165 pounds of leadite. 61,566 pounds of lead. 2,100 pounds of jute.

19,765 paving bricks.

1,191,361 pounds of asphalt.

52,831 gallons of tarvia.

2,246 tons of coal. $2,418 worth of meter repair parts.

Equipment purchases consisted of two 4,000 gallons per minute sewer pumps

for New Cristobal ; two self-propelling 11 cubic feet concrete mixers ; pumping

equipment for the water and sewer pumping stations at Toro Point and Coco

Solo ; 1 Iroquois portable asphalt mixing plant ; gasoline driven centrifugal

pumps for the pumping stations at Frijoles and Monte Lirio ; miscellaneous

equipment for road repair work.

A large portion of the above listed material was used for maintenance and

upkeep of water .plants, roads, streets, sidewalks, and water and sewer systems in the Canal Zone, on which a total of $558,941.59 was spent.

The following statement shows the quantity of water pumped at each of

the pump stations during the year and the average quantity per month with

the average cost per thousand gallons for pumping:

Pumping station. Total gallons

pumped

during year.

Average

number

gallons per month.

Average

cost per M

gallons for pumping.

Mount Hope

Agua Clara

Frijoles

Monte Lirio GamboaU.S. No. 1 Miraflores U. S. No. 2. .

.

Balboa U. S. No. 3 Paraiso

Cucuracha (Mount Zion)

Camacho (tanks)

Camacho (into mains) . .

.

1, 442, 275, 000

428, 401, 000

8, 408, 250

3, 089, 250

3, 462, 016, 000

379, 460, 000

2,383,659,575

74, 540, 000

121, 070, 000

97, 476, 200

116, 159, 100

120, 189, 583

35, 700, 083

700, 687

257, 437 288,501,333

31,621,666

198, 638, 297 6,211,666

10, 089, 166

8, 230, 016

9,679,925

-t- $0.01605

4- .0311

4- . 2400 + . 4973 .0105

.0215

.0105 .0620

The following statement shows the division cost of water delivered in the

various districts of the Canal Zone

:

Districts.
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 73

Port.
74 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Repobt of Wateb Collections Office—Colon—Continued.

Water rental collections.

Quarter ended—
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 75

status of capital cost account for mnnicipal improvements in Panama and

Colon—Contiuued.

COLON.

June 30, 1911 June 30, 1912 June 30, 1913 June 30, 1914 June 30, 1915 Tune 30, 1916 June 30, 1917 June 30, 1918

Total.

.

114.24

84; 528. 41 88,071.07

14,302.97

1,413.33

1,908.82

54,876.54

4,799.90

438,015.28

$43, 111. 09

54, 470. So 51,161.60

61,542.71

64, 125. 55

85, 171. 60

69, 774. 81 75,490.70

504, 848. 91

.119,041.25 21,774.37

24,101.60

26,292.38

26, 611. 47

26, 256. 02 25,062.22

25,463.52

194,602.89

S18,019.80

20, 994. 40

23, 553. 23 24,388.65

24, 513. 22

24, 569. 28

24,868.25

15,992.66

176, 899. 49

$78, 870. 28

98. 541. 48

98. 816. 49

112,223.74

115,250.24

135,996.90

119,705.28

126,946.88

886,351.29

Under the head 6f new construction by the municipal division in the towns

and villages occupied by Panama Canal employees in the Canal Zone, a total

of $545,723.55 was spent. The principal items of construction under this heading were the grading of grounds and the extension of roads, water and sewer

systems for the new buildings erected in the hospital grounds at Ancon; the

grading of grounds, installation of water and sewer systems around the new

school houses erected at Ancon, Balboa, Pedro Miguel, Gatun, and Cristobal;

the resurfacing with concrete of the streets in old Cristobal, the Mount HopeColon Road, Main Street, Gatun, the Ancon-Corozal Road, the Corozal-Pedro

Miguel Road, the East La Boca Road, Sosa Hill Road, and roads in the Balboa

shop district; the construction of new and extension of old sidewalks in the

various towns occupied by canal employees and various extensions to the existing water and sewer lines.

Under the head of work for other divisions, the following sums were ex- pended and the more important items of work under this heading were as

listed below

:

United States Army.—Total expenditure $258,416.59. The principal work

under this heading was the completion of construction under way in the

various posts at the end of the fiscal year 1917, and such maintenance and

repair work as was requested, consisting mainly of grading and planting of

grass, construction of concrete streets and sidewalks, extension of water and

sewer systems at Forts Amador, Sherm.-m, and de Lesseps, and the installation of water and sewer pumping station at Fort Sherman. There was also

performed under this heading the making of surveys and the preparation of

plans and estimates for the proposed new Army posts at Gatun, Miraflores,

Corozal, Diablo, and Corundu River, and general maintenance and repair work

in Army camps.

The Panama Railroad.—The sum of $187,401.82 was expended. The principal items of construction under this heading were the completion of the

Corundu River storm sewer, the filling of and installation of water, sewers,

and streets for the Folks River section of Colon extension ; the installation of

water, sewers, streets, and sidewalks for the Summit chicken farm; the installation of water lines and pumps for irrigating work on the various plantations ; the construction of roads and sewers for the hog farm ; the grading for

and construction of roads and the necessary water and sewer systems at the

Mindi dairy farm. In addition, numerous miscellaneous jobs were performed.

Outsiders.—The total expenditure was $42,282.94. The work done consisted

principally of that for which deposits were made and included the construction

of roads, sewers, and water lines for the area to be occupied by the South and

Central American Cable Co., concrete construction work for the Panama Tramway Co., repairs to streets where gas connections were made ; making water

and sewer connections for private parties in the cities of Colon and Panama.

Terminals.—A 4^otal of $56,896.93 was expended, consisting in the main of

ratproofing under docks Nos. 13, 14, 15, and pier No. 18, a total of 12,200 square

yards of reinforced concrete being placed ; and the extension of roads in the

shops district.

Building division.—A total of $91,419.28 was spent. The work consisted of

the installation of water and sewer connections for new buildings constructed

;

the erection of clotheslines for new quarters; the preparation of building

sites ; the installation of water lines ; circulating water sy.stem from Mindi

diversion and construction of roads for the cold storage plant ; the grading
76 THE PANAMA CANAL.

for the building site of Mindi dairy farm ; numerous miscellaneous jobs of

work.

Health (Icpartment.—The sum of $37,325.83 was spent on such engineering

and general construction work as was requested by the health department; the

construction of concrete ditches and drains; filling of swamp areas; preparation of estimates for proposed work ; maintenance of pumping station at

the Palo Seco leper colony.

Miscellaneous.—For the divisions of fortifications, clubs and playgrounds,

locks, electrical, marine, dredging, mechanical, quartermaster and supply there

was a total of $118,092.70 spent. This work consisted of miscellaneous construction jobs.

During the year a total of 224,581 square yards of conci-ete streets and roads

were constructed, 30,800 square yards of which were covered with a wearing

surface of sheet asphalt ; 12,268 square yards of roadway were constructed with

Telford and macadam base, with a wearing surface of asphaltic concrete and

hot tarvia mixed. The total number of square yards of road constructed during

the year was 236,849.

Trouble experienced on the Canal Zone vrith concrete aggregates due to

their containing excessive amounts of clay, loam, and silt resulted in instituting a laboratory at Miraflores water purification plant. During the past

year the work has been of a practical nature, very little research work having

been undertaken. The first problem has been to furnish convincing evidence

that the concrete as laid varies greatly in compressive strength due to lack of

uniformity of this aggregate, and that sufficient care has not been taken in

mixing, placing, and curing the concrete.

The inspection of various construction jobs was made with the aid of (1) the

compression cylinders made as shown in the following tables, (2) the analysis of

the aggregates, (3) the time studies on the mixers, (4) the determination of

the amount of water used, and (5) the methods employed by the various fore- men.

Cylinders made and broken during the fiscal year, from January to June 30, 191S.

[6 inches in diameter, 12 inches high.]

Location.
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 77

Ultimate compi-essive strength in pounds per square inch after 120 days.

A C

Type of treatment 2568 —358 2302 -283

2826 —100 2451 —134

2888 - 38 2714 129

3034 108 2871 286

3315 389

Average strength 2926 1_ 2585 IIIII Maximum deviation 389 286

Average deviation 7% 200 ~8% 210

Type of treatment: A. The forms are removed after being buried two days in moist sand and the specimens then buried in moist sand. C. The forms are removed after being buried two days in moist sand and the specimens receive treatment similar to that of the road—i. e., covered with about 2 inches of clay and wet down frequently Remarks : Specimens having rough ends were capped with plaster of Paris. Distribu- tion of load by blotting paper. Spherical head was used.

Speed : Slow-slow.

The table of the values of the compressive strength has been omitted from

this year's report because it was desired that the cylinders be permitted to age

for 28, 60, and 120 days before being broken. Inasmuch as many of the 120-day

tests have not matured, the 28 and 60 day results also have been omitted.

The following is an average of the various samples taken of Chagres River

run of bank, from which all material is derived for concrete construction at

present on the Canal Zone

:

Size of seive.

2 inches.

IJ inches

IJ inches,

1} inches

1 inch

I inch

AverPcr ct. 99.4 96.5

92.1 87.2 80.3

71.4

Size of sieve.

J inch.

I inch. No. 10 No. 16 No. 20 No. 30

Average.!

Per ct. 58.7

43.1 29.2 25.6

23.8

18.0

Size of sieve.

No. 40. No. 50. No. 74. No. 100 No. 150 No. 200

Average.i

Perct.

13.5 8.8

4.9

2.8

1.4.8

I Average run of bank, Chagres River, passing each sieve. Summary of the determinations made in connection with the work on, concrete

aggregates.

60 mechanical analyses of the aggregate available.

40 trial mixes and curves to determine the most dense mix with different combinations

of the aggregates.

1.200 briquettes made of neat cement or 1 : 3 mortar.

70 cylinders, 2 inches in diameter and 4 Inches high made of ngat cement or 1 : 3 mortar.

In addition to this, determinations of siit and organic matter were made.

Some work is being done with Abram's sodium hydroxide method. Both the

laboratory and the field methods are being used.

Special care was taken to furnish all foremen performing construction work

with data showing results of the tests made on their respective jobs with various

conditions under which their work was performed.

The main difficulty encountered with most of the construction men was that

of convincing them of the necessity of giving sufficient time to the mix, holding

the amount of water to a minimum and taking the necessary precautions to

pond the concrete where possible and where not possible to cover with a suffi- cient layer of clay, that by being kept wet, would protect the slab from the

direct rays of the intense tropical sun.

It is possible to demonstrate beyond question, as is the case on all concrete

work where laboratory control is used, that by observing the cardinal principles of mixing a sufficient time, using a minimum amount of water, a. proper

classification of the aggregate and the necessary care in curing, the same re- sults are obtained in compressive strength with a very appreciable decrease

in the amount of cement used.

While this laboratory control, as stated, has only been started during the

pre.'^ent fiscal year, vei-y appreciable benefits have been obtained. It is believed

that by continuing the practice of laboratory control a more uniform class

of work will be done at an appreciable saving.
78 THE PANAMA CANAL.

It has been found that one of the most important causes of trouble with

run-of-bank gravel from the Chagres River is the lack of bond, to a greater or less extent, between the cement paste and the aggregate. The particles

upon close examination show that they are coated by a film of impurities which

may be removed by treatment with acid or alkali, and to a large extent by

careful washing.

Silt and organic matter in Chagres River sand.

[Average of 10 determinations of different samples.]

1. Per cent of silt 5.1

2. Per cent of organic matter .51

3. Per cent of organic matter in the silt 10

4. Per cent of loss on ignition . 2.2

5. Rated in accordance witli Abram's sodium hydroxide index 300

The only practical method found which • will appreciably remove this iilm

is by thoroughly washing the aggregate before using. Due to the expense involved in the present method of washing it has been possible to use the

washed material only upon work where an extra strong concrete is necessary.

It is intended to erect a suitable washing plant to take care, more economically,

of future requirements.

It was found that by washing Chagres River sand the tensile strength could

be increased on an average over 40 per cent, and by grading and washing the

Chagres River run of bank a stronger and more uniform concrete is obtained

with a considerable saving of cem.ent.

The laboratory control was also used on our bituminous road construction.

Daily laboratory control of the asphalt plant has been instituted, and samples have been taken both at the plant and from the laid pavement.

Summary of the work performed during the past fiscal year

:

119 mechanical analyses and determinations of the per cents of bitumen, voids, specific

gravities, and other data required to complete a report.

83 additional determinations of the per cent of bitumen.

30 mechanical analyses of aggregates available for asphalt work.

83 mechanical analyses of the aggregate mixtures for asphaltic wearing surface taken

at the plant.

19 mechanical analyses of the aggregate mixtures for asphaltic binder course taken at the plant.

82 different combinations employed, of the available aggregates, with weight per cubic

foot, void determinations, and mechanical analyses of the resulting mixtures to deter- mine the most dense mis and the mix best suited for binder and wearing surfaces.

The wearing surface determined upon from the experiments was made up

as follows:

Materials. Weight

of pave- ment.

Weight

of aggregate.

Bitumen

Chagres River sand

Sand from hydraulic fUl. Cement

Per cent. 10

72

9

9

Per cent.

80

10

10

The method of laying the sheet asphalt wearing surface on a concrete foundation was as follows : The surface of the concrete was thoroughly swept, and

by means of a squeegee one-quarter of a gallon of Tarvia " B " was applied to ench square yard, as a seal coat. It was found by comparing surfaces laid with

iind without the squeegee coat of Tarvia that a much more i)erfect bond was

obtained between tlie concrete and the wearing surface where the squeegee coat

was used than where the asphalt was laid directly on the concrete.

Following is the form of reporting the operation of the plant in order that

the cost may be computed daily.
KEPORT OF ENGIISrEER OF MAINTENANCE. 79

Daily cost report—asphalt plant.

Material.

Bitumen, pounds

Chagres River sand, cubic yards.

Cement, sacks

Labor, mixing

Labor, placing

Transportation charges

.

Total cost

.

WEAKING SURFACE.

Mixed, cubic yards

Laid, square yards

Laid, linear feet of road.

Amount. Unit

cost.

**

**

Total

cost.

Date,

Location,

Foreman,

Note.—* To be filled in by foreman. ** Data desired.

Special sections of road were laid for experimental purposes using different

quantities by weight of aggregate and bitumen. These sections are carefully

recorded as to location and make it possible to show by practical illustration

the comparative values of different mixes.

The diagram on which we prepare our curves was patterned after that in use in the engineer's office of the city of Berlieley, Cal. This card appeared in

the issue of Engineering and Contracting for March 7, 1917, Vol, XLVII, No. 10.

Record of screen test No. 2. Lab. No. P. 33. (Date) March 13, 1918. Analysis of wearing surface. Road or street, Ancon-Miraflores Road.

Laid Mar. 9, 1918. Dug out Mar. 11, 1918. Weight of sample 291.0 Weight of sample in air after soaking in water for 24 hours 295.

5

Weight of sample in water after soaking in water for 24 hours 164. Per cent of water absorbed 1-55 Apparent specific gravity of sample 2. 213

Composition of the sample.

Per cent

units of the aggre- gate.

Soluble in CSs (total bitumen)

Passing 200-mesh sieve Passing 150 retained on 200 mesh

Passing 100 retained on 150 mesh

Passing 74 retained on 100 mesh

Passing 50 retained on 74 mesh

Passing 40 retained on 50 mesh

Passing 30 retained on 40 mesh

Passing 20 retained on 30 mesh

Passing 16 retained on 20 mesh

Passing 10 retained on 16 mesh

Passing J inch retained on 10 rilesh Retained on J inch mesh : Passing 1 inch on ^ inch mesh

Passing 1\ inch retained on 1 inch mesh

Passing 1 1 inch retained on 1^ inch mesh

Retained on 1 J inch mesh

Specific gra\-ity of original bitumen at 78778° F

Apparent specific gravity of aggregates retained on i inch

Specific gravity ofaggregate retained on 10 mesh

Specific gravity of fine aggregate retained on 16-100 mesh

Specific gravity of fine material retained on 150-200 mesh, and passing 200 mesh

.

Maximum possible density

Bitumen, rational per cent

Aggregate, rational per cent Per cent of voids in mineral aggregate Per cent of voids in original sample

9.9 2.4

4.6

5.4

6.7

7.8

7.8 9.2

3.5

8.9

23.3

10.5

Per cent

weights.

7.0

9.2

2.2

4.3 5.0 6.2

7.2

7.2

8.6 3.3

8.3 2L7

9.8

1.035

2.677

2.680

2.780

2.423

16.39 83.61

25. 05 2.66

Remarks: The tHickness of the samples was 2 inches. Geo. C. BiTNKER, In charge of testing laboratories.
80 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The following plates accompany this report

:

Plate No. 5. Concrete road between Corozal and Miraflores.

Plate No. 6. Typical section of 18-inch concrete roadbed, M'ith sheet asphalt

wearing surface.

Following is report of work performed by chemical section of the testing

laboratories at Miraflores during the year

:

Number of

samples

analyzed.

Asphalt 10

Tarvia , 1 Asphalt weai'lng surface 35

Asphalt wearing surface mixtures 10.3 Bituminous concrete pavement 16

Miscellaneous work, Including samples of paints, painting materials, sand, cement,

lime, alum, fertilizers, coal, minerals, rocks, seeds, etc 122

Investigations were made on the following subjects

:

1. Corrosion of the lead sheaths of cables at Miraflores locks.

2. Waterproofing concrete tanks to store crude carbolic acid3. Substitute for embossing compound used at the Mount Hope printing plant.

The total cost of work performed by the municipal division during the fiscal

year, including labor and material and charges from other divisions and departments of The Panama Canal, was $2,051,462.08.

The following is a summary of the report of the work performed in connection with the operation of the water purification plants during the year:

Placed in service

.

District supplied.

Source of supply.

Rated capacity, gallons per day.

Method of purification

Aeration basin:

Size, feet Number of nozzles Sedimentation basin:

Size, feet Depth, feet Capacity, gallons

Period 6i sedimentation, hours

Rapid sand filters: Number of units ; Total sand area, square feet Depth of filtering materials

Sand, inches

Gravel, inches

Size of filtering materials: Sand, effective size Sand, xmiformity coefficient Gravel, size, inches Per cent of sand area covered by horizontal area of troughs.

Washing of filters: Vertical rise per minute, inches Gallons per square feet of sand surface.

.

Filter bottom, type

Loss of head:

Average initial, feet Average final, leet Length of filter runs, hours, yearly average. Volumes of water, average gallons per day:

Raw

Filtered Delivered to mains

Wash water Percent of filtered water

Chemicals, yearly averages: Alum, pounds per million gallons , Lime, pounds per million gallons , Liquid chlorine, parts per million, avail- able chlorine.

Agua Clara.

Dec. 29, 1911 Gatun, Toro Point,

Agua Clara Reservoir.

2,500,000 Aeration, sedi- mentation,

rapid sand fil- tration. 4by8i.

70.5 by 71.

10.5 350,000

10 ,

4

1,156.

30. 24.

0.44....

l.Sl.... A to If. 22.3

19

12Harrisburg, Pa.

0.5...

7.5...

94.22.

1,199,000.

1,171,000. 1,162,000. 9,000

0.70

212.

56..

Mount Hope.

Feb. 23, 1914 Colon, Mount

Hope, Margarita

Point.

Brazos Brook Reservoir.

8,000,000 Aeration, sedi- mentation,

rapid sand fil- tration.

60 by 66. 85

171 bv 171.

12.25! 2,500,000..

14

3,078.

30.

22.

0.41...

1.70... Jtoli.

32.0. .

.

20.

12.5. Harrisburg, Pa...

1.3..

12.5. 27.2.

4,102,000.

3,f>51,000. 3,834,000. 116,000..

2.95

238.

0.208.

Miraflores.

Mar. 14, 1915. Pedro Miguel, Corozal, A n c o n, Balboa, Panama.

Chagres River.

15,000,000. Aeration, sedimentation, rapid

sand filtration.

86 by 130

105

300 by 125

16.5 4,500,000

12

145,950

30

24

0.41 1.70 tV to If

32.8

2415Concrete false bot- tom.

1.0. 11.5 37.2

8,899,000

8,799,000

8;613,000 186,400

2.11

180

0.40
REPOET OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 81
82 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Equipment for recording soil temperature automatically was installed at

Balboa Heights on February 1, 1918; the thermograph bulb is buried at a depth of approximately 4 inches.

The necessary equipment was installed and evaporation records were begun

at Alhajuela on February 23, 1918.

A standard rain gauge was installed on the Pedro Miguel River on June

25, 1918. Records from this station are used in estimating the average rainfail over the Miraflores Lake watershed.

A rainfall station, equipped with standard gauge, was established at Taboga

on January 10, 1918.

A rainfall station was established at Dnrien radio station on June 29, 1918.

This station is equipped with standard rain gauge; the records are kept by

the officer commanding the radio station.

• Precipitation.—Rainfall for the calendar year 1917 was above normal everywhere in the Canal Zone and vicinity, except on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts,

and at Monte Lirio. Quipo, and Cano. The annual totals ranged from 64.11

inches at Balboa to 145.96 inches at the Gatun River station. The average

precipitation in the Pacific section was 80.37 inches; in the Central section,

103.17 inches; and in the Atlantic section. 131.01 inches.

The 1917 dry season rainfall averaged approximately 50 per cent below

normal, and amounted to but 3 per cent of the annual total in the Pacific and

Central sections, and 6 per cent of the yearly total in the Atlantic section.

November was the month of heaviest rainfall at all stations, and February

was in general the month of least rainfall. The maximum 24-hour rainfall

recorded during the year was 8.58 inches at Gatun on April 28-29. Daily

quantities of 4 inches or more, were recorded as follows

:

Station.

Colon

Do

Brazos Brook.

Gatun

Do

Do

Trinidad

Frijoles

Gamboa

Do

Date.

Sept. 6 Nov. 19 Apr. 28

...do July 22 Nov. 18 Nov. 16 Nov. 18 Nov. 23 Dec. 6-7

Rainfall.

Inches. 4.15

4.08 5.15

6.63 4.48

4.28 6.00 6.05

4.01 6.20

Station.

Empire

Camacho

Do

Culebra

Rio Grande..

Do

Pedro Miguel

Do

Miraflores

Date.
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 83

The absolute maximum and miuimum temperatures of record at the various

stations are given below (records revised to June 30, 1918) :

station.

Balboa Heights

Gamboa

Alhajuela

Gatun

Colon

Maximum.

97

94

96

92

92

Date.

Apr. 7,1912

Apr. 28,1918

Apr. 18,19121

May 30,19151

June 3, 1909

Minimum.

63

63

58

6666

Date.

Jan. Feb.

Feb.

Aug.

Dec.

27,1910

5,1917

5,19171

7,1912

3, 1909

Annual

average

°F.

80.1 78.4

78.6 80.4

79.7

Years

record.

12

177

10

1 Other dates also. Note.—The minimum temperature record of 58° F. recorded at Alhajuela on February 5 and 6 andMarch

25, 1917, is the lowest temperature of record on the Isthmus. The maximum temperatvire record of 97° F., recorded at Ancon (now Balboa Heights) on April 7, 1912, was equaled at the Naos Island station on February 13, 1906.

The temperature during the first six months of 1918 has been generally below

normal.

Monthly temperature records and other meteorological data at the two first- class stations are presented in Tables Nos. 3 and 4. Wind.-—The wind movement over the Canal Zone for the year 1917 was

approximately normal. March was the windiest mouth at all stations, except

Balboa Heights, where the greatest wind movement occurred in February. July

was geneitilly the month of least wind movement. Northwest, north, or northeast

winds prevailed at all stations, although there was a large percentage of southeast and variable winds during the rainy-season months.

The average hourly-wind movement, prevailing direction, and maximum

velocities at the various statiohs for the year 1917 are presented in the following table

:
84 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Atmospheric pressure.—The mean atmospheric pressure for the year 1917

was slightly above normal on both coasts. February was the month of highest

pressure, and October the month of lowest pressure.

Relative humidity.—The mean relative humidity of the atmosphere for the

year was slightly above normal on the Pacific coast, and slightly below normal

on the Atlantic* November was the month of highest average humidity, and

February nnd March were the months of lowest humidity.

Cloudiness.—The average daytime cloudiness for the year 1917 was slightly

below normal on the Pacific side, and slightly above on the Atlantic. January

was the month of least cloudiness on both coasts, while June was the month

of heaviest cloudiness on the Pacific side, and August on the Atlantic coast. Evaporation.—Evaporation from the lake surface at Gatun was slightly

below normal during the year 1917, but the evaporation at both coast stations

was above the annual average.

During the first six months of 1918 the evaporation has averaged close to normal.

The records at the various stations are shown in Table No. 5. Fogs.—No fogs were observed during the year at the Atlantic entrance, and

but few on the Pacific coast. Numerous fogs occurred at the interior stations,

but practically all fogs observed lifted or were dissipated by 8.45 a. m. Sea temperature.—The surface temperature of the sea water was slightly

below normal on both coasts. Records for the year 1917 are given in the

following table:
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 85

solar radiation in the Canal Zone, it is thought that under the most favorable natural conditions possible the maximum temperature of steel exposed to the sun in this climate is not likely to exceed 140° F.

The following plates and tables accompany the meteorological section of this

report

:

Plate No. 7. Monthly rainfall year 1917 and station averages.

Plate No. 8. Distribution of rainfall in Canal Zone, maximum minimum

current, and average years.

' Table No. 1. Monthly rainfall on the Isthmus of Panama and station averages.

Table No. 2. Maximum rainfall in Canal Zone and vicinity.

Table No. 3. Monthly meteorological data, Balboa Heights, year 1917.

Table No. 4. IMonthly meteorological data, Colon, year"l917.

Table No. .5. Monthly evaporation. Canal Zone, year 1917-18, and avera^-e

Table No. 6. Seismograph records, Balboa. Heights, fiscal year 1917-18.

*'

'

Table No. 1.—Monthly rainfaU on Isthmus of Panama, 1917-i8, and station

averages.

[Values in inches.]

Stations. Jan.

Balboa:

1917 , 1918 , Average, 19 years Balboa Heights:

1918 Average, 20 years. Miraflores: 1917 1918 Average, 9 years

.

Pedro Miguel:

1917

1918 Average, 10 years. Rio Grande:

1917 1918 Average, 13 years. Culebra:

1917 1918 Average, 27 years. Camacho:

1917 , 1918 , Average, 11 years Empire:

1917

1918 Average, 13 years. Gamboa:

1917 1918 Average, 35 years. Juan Mina:

1917 1918 Average, 7 years.. Alhajuela:

1917 1918 Average, 18 years. Vigia:

1917 1918 Average, 9 years.

-

Frijoles: 1917

1918 Average, 6 years.. Trinidad:

1917 1918 Average, 10 years.

Feb.

[

0.31 1.02

1.07

.13 1.78

.99

.37 3.37

1.72

.30 3.08

1.04

.00 1.48

1.17

.00 1.75 1.59

.00 1.04 1.02

.01 1.50

.74

.09

3.0' 1.73

.04 1.35

.60

.11 .93 1.04

.13 1.37

.74

.17 3.03

1.74

.58 3.96 2.67

0.19

.00

.67

.19 T.

.89

.28

.00 1.24 T

.02

.81

.04 .12

.77

.09 .10

.69

.22 .02 .9

.08 .02

.83

.30 .0

.89

.08

.96 1.38

.04

.14 .81

.17 .30

1.81

.15

.24 2.78

.45 .37 2.94

Mar. Apr. May.

T

1.32

.63

.02 1.25

.65

.48 .20

.48

.91 .03 .38

.17 .00

.32,

.03 .02

.60

.oo' .16

.45

.01 .20

.36

.26

.54 .75

.21 .00

.28

2.

.17

.02

.52

.02 .17

.46

.2

.31 .63

.473920

2.03

4.33 3.78

2.24 4.52

2.84

1.10 10.89

3.43

1.25

11.01 3.56

1.85

7.3.13

1.91 6.91 3.5

1.5

6.69

3.11

2.40

6.91 3.18

3.96

3.16

3.61

2.31 3.80

3.30

June. July. Aug.

8.14' e.17

4.57;....

7.43; 8.24

4.6.45

8.28

5.75

6.75 8.72

6.84

8.36

10.17j 8.971 8.47

7.38 11.34! 14.78 9.36 6.55

7.35 10.17

5. 20 ...

.

7.61I 7.95

11.23' 12.23

5. 70

11.03

6.98

13.68

10.61

7.1 16.20

10.95

6.59

15.30

11.24

8.07

13.56 9.86

8.14

11.45

10.81

12.34 10.29

11.01

9.73 9.21

11.45 14.44

7.33

9. 29; '16.' 26 9.70

6.27

"7.'83

7.42

' 's.'oo

9.45

"8." 89

9.51

"8.'72

10.28

Sept.

9.89 13.59 8.07

8.87 9.47

12.33 12.70 10.92....

9. 66l 9. 89

1.09 17.17 6.80 11.34

3.34

.67 4.91

3.01

4.14

5.27 4.30

4.18

12.30

15.09 11.46

12.07

7.37

11.29

12.04

12.24 11.96

9.31 8.65

7.82

10.12 9.77

9.45

13.56

10.78

8.70

15.76

. 12. 33

9.66

15.58

13.26

10.04 8.06

10.60

11.64 9.45

4.75 15.101 5.39

5. Oil I3.40I 10.62

8.96

17.75

io.'si

11.66

io.'os

12.90

12." 64

13.71

i2.'22

14.71

i6.'42

11.59

"9."68l

9.97

16.' 2.5

9.95

'9.'72

8.76

"9.'44

12.62

'ii.'99

15.30

'ii'oo

13.32

12.69

15.71

'i2.'94

9.71

io.'so

16.35

i6."98

9.41

""6.'93

11.53

' "7.' 79

14.25

'9.' 47

11.78

Oct.

5.79

"9.'36

6.14

io.'so

7.56

i2.'2.5

6.01

Nov.

8.98| 11.96

11.39

io.'se

13.05

10.76

9.95

io.li

11.44

'8." 74

9.93

'16.49

11.51

'ii.'go

9.92

'ii.'72

10.67

is.'ii

13.78

16.' 73

8.44

ii.'is

5.92

'i2.'2i

5.56

'ii.'24

6.76

'ii'gi

6.38

'i2.'7S

11.21

'i2.'66

11.75

i4.'59

13.73

i4.'i2

16.88

m.ii

9.20

is.'ss

10.03

13.33

' '9.' 35

13.77

i6.'37

14.65

Dec.

4.49

'5.'72

4.09

'4.'45

6.13

Year.

11.37| 7.02

19.38 7.00

11.67

24.79

ii."89

21.62

i2.'59

25.37

6.08

7.41

'5.'

5.84

'7.' is

8.70

64.11

'69.'29

68.80

'76.' 56

84.57

'83.'48

89.64

83.'i7

94.72

85.'54

88.72

87.' 7i

94.14

13.80

23.79

'i2.'24

22.05

'i2."28

22.23

"is." 73

19.83

'i4.'74

20.89

is." 54

28.10

i7.'65

28.84

6.03, 89.21

7.71 92.85

's.'so 'si.' 05

8.31102.44

'6.' 78 '92.' 07

7. 06 103. 94

"5.' 26, '94."9i

6.41|103.39

14.37 18.91

6.24

4.21

'5.'62

10.18

'e.'ss

9.14

'8.'65

102.49

107. 81

i66."64

107. 82

i62."45

111.16

iio.'ss
86 THE PANAMA CANAL,

Table No. l.-r-Montlily rainfall on Isthmus of Panama, 1917-18, and station

averages—Continued.

stations.
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 87

Table No. 3.

Monthly meteorological data, year 1911, Balboa Heights,

Canal Zone}
88 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 4.

Monthly meteorological data, year 1917, Colon (Cristobal).

Month.

January . .

.

February.

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October . .

.

November.

December

.

Year

Atmospheric

pressure

(inches).

29. 882

29. 928

29. 855 29.839

29. 842 29.830

29. 825

29. 842 29.821

29. 808

29. 836

29. 844

29.846

e8

29. 918

29. 965

29. 892

29. 876

29. 879

29. 868

29. 862

29. 880

29. 858

29. 845

29. 872

29. 882

29.883

Air temperature (° F.).

a

s3

a

o

78.8

79.3 78.8

79.2

79.0

78.7

79.0 78.8

.79.8 79.1 77.5 77.6

78.8

aI

03

85

848490

89

88

8786

90

88

85

84

90

03

728

414136

21

8126

9

12

2 14

a3

a

03a

82.5

83.1 81.5

82.2

83.3

83.1

83.4 82.9

85.1 83.7

81.1 81.4

82.8

a3

a

a

70

73

737272

68

7172

72

72

7269

68

03

113

527

29

1922

7

325

2530

3 19

a3

a

.aa

a

c9

75.1 75.5

76.0 76.2

74.7

74.3

74.5 74.8

74.4

74.5 73.9

73.8

74.8

g
EEPOET OF ENGINEEE OF MAINTENANCE. 89

Table No. 5.

Monthly evaporation, Ganal Zone, years 1917 and 1918.

[Values in inches.]

Month.

January . .

,

February..

March

April

May

June

July

August

September.

October . .

.

November.

December

.

Year,

Balboa Heights.'

1917

7. 1S.S 6.934 9.2S3 6.725

4. 159 2.994 2.93)

2.971 2.929

3.157 2.845

5.325

57. 440

191S

5.495

7.732 8.242

5.201

3.513 3.234

Average (10 years).

5.860

6. 128 7.377

5.467 3.518

2.964 3.172

3.137

3.173 3.326

2.941 4.386

51. 449

Gatun.

1917

6.194 6.229

7.246

6.514 4.903

4.110 3.903 4.008

4.851 4.750 3.617

4. S99

61. 224

1918

5. .548 7.231 8.475 6.502

4.901 4.859

Average (7 years).

5.983

6.301 7.514

6. 658 5.094

4.183

4.448 4.447

4.443 4.207

3.536

4. 854

Colon.

1917

7.387

7.345

6.878 5.508

3. '769 3.040

2.932 2.876 3.364

3.001 2.909

4. 506

53. 515

1918

4. 8.58 7.871 8.960

6.960 3.949

3. 450

Average (9J years).

6.113 6.406

7.225

6.892

3.851 3.200

3. 081 3.111 3.200

3.274 2.929

4.306

52.588

1 Formerly Ancon station. Moved to Balboa Heights Oct. 1, 1914. Note.—Evaporation records are obtained from insulated tanks 10 inches in diameter at Balboa Heights and Colon. Water surface protected from action of sun and rain. Exposed pan 4 feet in diameter and 10 inches deep floating in water at Gatun. For monthly evaporation during past years see previous annual

reports.

Table No. 6.

Seismograph records, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, year ended

June 30, 1918.

[Lat. 8° 58' N.; Long. 79° 33' W.]

[100 K Bosch-Omori seismographs. Greenwich mean time; midnight to midnight.]

Date.

1917. Julyl

July 11

July 27

July27

Aug. 30

Aug. 31

Sept. 11....

Oct. 22

Oct. 28

Nov. 13....

Nov. 16

Dec. 26

Dec. 29

Component.

E.-W.

K.-S..

E.-W.

N.-S..

E.-W.

N.-S.. E.-W.

N.-S.. E.-W.

N.-S.. E.-W.

N.-S.. E.-W.

N.-S.. E.-W.

E.-w;

E.'-w!

/N.-S.

\E.-W.

fN.-S..

\E.-W.

/N.-S..

\E.-W.

Time of beginning.

Preliminary tremors

(?)

(?)

(?)

(?) 1 04 48

04 50

59 36

59 42

26 10 26 08

38 12 38 08

11 15

11 15

21 10 20 44

13 24 48

13 24 48

8 59 02 8 59 02

(?)

(?)

(?) 22 54 40

22 64 40

Long

waves.

(?)

(?) (?)

(?) 09

09

05OS

28

28

11 40

11 40

11

112222

13 26

13 26

8 59

8 59

4 05 Timer

(?)

(?) 22 58 22 58

Time of

Maxunum.

failed to

1

1 2222

14

12

25 18

24 17 26 16 26 16

07 56

05 06

05 54 09 42 28 54 28 42

40 49

41 52

11 47

12 00

23 06

23 10

26 14 26 34 00 06 00 01 17 09

record. 25 52 25 48

55 01 55 00

End.

(?)

(?) (?)

(?) 06 00

02 00

01 00

57 00

51 00

47 00

12 36 00

12 34 00

4 15 00

4 14 25

7 48 00

7 45 00

13 55 08

13 53 12 9 06 00

9 06 00

4 35 09

(?) (?) 23 49 00

23 48 40

Maximum

arapli

tude,

milli- meters.

T.

T.

0.2

0.1 10.0 9.0

1.5 0.5 3.0

1.5 62.0

46.0

1.0 0.5

2.

3.7

7.

1,0.

0.

1.0.0.

1.5.6

.Approximate
90 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 6.- -Seismograph records, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, year ended

June 30, 1918—Continued. •

bate Component.

Time of beginning.

Preliminary

tremors. Long

waves.

Time of—

Maximum

.

End.

Maximmn

amplitude,

milli- meters,

Approximate

distance of epicenter.

Miles. Probable

direction.

1918. Jan. 4

Jan- 8

Jan. 25

Jan. 26

Jan. 29

Feb. 20 ...

.

Mar. 11

Apr. 21

Apr. 25

Apr. 25 May 20 May 20 May 25

June 16

June 20

June 22....

June 28....

{f:

{li

t

4 35 44

4 35 36

(?) (?)

1 24 00

1 23 56

(?)

(?) (?)

(?) 6 35 52

6 35 48

16 25 44

16 25 44

18 01 18 01

39 04

38 58

(?)

27 48

27 44

2520

66

16

16

(?) (?)?)

40 22

35 40

14 00

13 48 24 04 24 01

18 01 28

18. 01 30

04 20

04 20

6 38 46

6 37 24

16 26 44

16 25 40

37 16

37 20

26 32

25 32 Slight tremors between 22 40 and 23 Slight tremors between 22 40 and 23

Slight tremors 3 15 00. SUght tremors 3 15 00

58 50

59 30

(?) (?) 55 00

57 00

(?)

(?)

(?) (?) 53 00

51 30 46 00

45 00

20.

20;

21 48 25 21 48 33

21 48 22 21 48 32 14 53 52 14 54 04

14 54 04 14 54 12 18 12 08 18 04 12

18 12 04 18 12 12

19 42 46 19 43 06

19 45 45 19 46 07

12 31 15 12 31 19 12 30 58 12 31 05 Faint trace. Faint tremors from 5 24 00 to 5

21
REPORT OP ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 91

station.
92 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The maximum momentary discharge was 61,200 cubic feet per second, and has

been exceeded but three times at Alhajuela in the past 20 years, in December,

1906, and in November and December, 1909.

Flood-ivarning stations.—Vigia and Alhajuela were continued as flood-warning stations, and as previously mentioned, a new flood station was established

at Gatuncillo in April, 1918.

The rise in the river at Alhajuela averages about 70 per cent of the Vigia

rise, and the rise at Gatuncello is approximately 40 per cent of the Vigia rise,

while the rise at Juan Mina for large freshets is approximately 10 per cent of

the Vigia rise.

Current meter gaugings.—Sixty-eight gaugings were made at the Calle Larga

gauging station (Chagres River) during the year, covering a range from elevation 116.60 feet to 95.97 feet. Sixteen current meter gaugings were made in

1917 at Dos Bocas (the forks of the Chagres) measuring the discharge of La

Puente, the Pequeni, and the Chagres Rivers.

SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS.

Tide currents—Balboa Harbor.—A tide current survey was made of Balboa

Harbor and vicinity. Current direction and velocity measurements were made

at 10, 20, 30, and 40 foot depths. Most of these observations were made in

February and March, 1918, during the spring tide periods when tidal currents are strongest.

Current velocity.—Tide currents were found to be strongest in the canal

channel, along the reloader wharf, and in the vicinity of the oil pier. The maximum surface current velocity observed was approximately 1.4 knots per hour

at a point in the canal channel opposite the Panama Railroad dock with a fall- ing tide. The maximum current velocity observed below the surface was 1.3

knots per hour at a depth of 30 feet at a point opposite the oil pier with a

rising tide. Tide currents are strongest near the mean sea level stage of the

tide and are reduced to zero during high and low tide slack-water periods.

The tidal currents around docks Nos. 14 to 19 and in the inner harbor basin

were found to be very sluggish.

Effects of ivinds on tide currents.—Steady moderate to fresh northerly winds

prevail at the Pacific entrance to the canal during the dry season, and light

northerly or variable winds during the rainy season. These northerly winds

tend to accelerate the surface currents of outgoing tides and to retard the sur- face currents of incoming tides. A fresh northerly wind was observed to re- verse the surface current of an incoming tide at a point just off the inner end

of the reloader wharf.

Current directions.—Current directions were recorded by a Ritchie-Haskell

current-direction meter. This instrument records accurately the direction of cur- rents having a velocity of 0.2 knot per hour or higher. In general, the stronger

tide currents in Balboa Harbor flow in directions approximately parallel to the course of the canal. Notable exceptions to this rule are found in th steady

set of outgoing tide currents toward the inner end of the reloader wharf, and

the tendency of the tide currents near the oil pier to cross the canal channel

forming an acute angle following the channel of the old French canal. The direction of the slower currents at several locations around the docks and in the

inner harbor basin was found to be variable.

Troublesome currents.—Strong tidal currents are encountered in the canal

channel, but they follow the general direction of the canal and do not affect

navigation except by retarding or accelerating the speed of passing ships.

Tidal currents in the vicinity of the Balboa reloader wharf are troublesome,

especially during a falling tide, as the steady set of the current toward the inner

end of this wharf makes it difficult to handle ships approaching or leaving the

coal wharves by drifting the vessels toward the wharf. Northwest winds

increase this drifting tendency.

Currents in the vicinity of the oil pier are troublesome also. These currents

cro.ss the canal channel diagonally. With a falling tide they tend to drift

approaching ships against the pier, while the currents are reversed with a

rising tide and tend to drift approaching ships away from the pier.

WATEE SUPPLY STUDIES.

A study was made jf the water supply available for canal uses, based on

revised estimates of future requirements for power development and canal

lockages. An abundant supply of water is available for all canal uses during
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 93

the rainy season months. It is only in the dry season that a possible shortage

may exist.

The conclusion was reached that during an average year it will be possible

to operate the hydro station at full projected capacity, using 3,260 cubic feet

per second, and take care of about 21 complete canal lockages daily throughout

the dry season without utilizing additional storage. Any increase in canal

lockages above this figure will have to be made at the expense of a corresponding decrease in the water used for power development.

With 36 canal lockages daily during the dryest year of record, it will be neces- sary to cut the water used for power development to about 900 cubic feet per

second throughout the dry-season months, which is sufficient to operate the

hydro station at aboi:t 25 per cent of its full projected capacity.

From the above it will be seen that with capacity canal traffic about 75 per

cent of the generating load at the power stations will have to be carried by

the auxiliary steam plant during the dryest dry season if no additional storage reserve is provided.

The water supply available for canal uses during an average year and the

dryest year is shown on plates Nos. 15 and 16. , BEANCH HYDEOGRAPHIC OFFICE^ CKISTOBAL.

The branch hydrographic office at Cristobal is operated in connection with

the Cristobal meteorological station. The charts, pilots, almanacs, and other

publications for navigators sold or issued for official use during the fiscal year

3917-18 amounted to a total value of $2,223.10. Sales have shown a steady

increase throughout the year.

The following plates and tables accompany the report of the hydrographical

section of this report

:

Plate No. 9. Operating uses of Gatun Lake water supply.

Plate No. 10. Gatun Lake massed curved, yield and losses.

Plate No. 11. Gatun Lake total yield, year 1917, dry season 1918, and average.

Plate No. 12. Gatun Lake total yield massed, maximum, minimum, average,

and current years.

Plate No. 13. Alhajuela mean monthly discharge, year 1917. dry season 1918,

and average.

Plate No. 14. Alhajuela discharge, massed curves, year 1917 and average.

Plate No. 15. Water supply available for canal uses, average year.

Plate No. 16. Water supply available for canal uses, dryest year.

Table No. 7. Hydrology of Gatun Lake watershed, year 1917.

Table No. 8. Hydrology of Mirafiores Lake watershed, year 1917.

Table No. 9. Monthly hydrology Gatun Lake, year 1917.

Table No. 10. Maximum, minimum, and mean elevations, Gatun and Mirafiores Lakes and Chagres River stations.

Table No. 11. Hydrology of the Chagres, year 1917.

Table No. 12. Monthly discharge, Chagres River at Alhajuela, year 1917.

Table No. 13. Principal freshets in Chagres River, year 1917, also to June,

1918.

Table No. 14. Tidal conditions, year 1917, Balboa and Cristobal.

Table No. 15. Comparison table, Balboa and Morro Island tides, July, 1917, to

June, 1918, inclusive.

Table No. 7.

Hydrology of Gatun Lake watershed, year 1917.

• [Drainage area, 1,320 square miles.l

Gatun lake. Elevation. Date.

Yearly mean. Maximum

Minimum
94 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 7.

Hydrology of Gatun Lake loatershed, year 1917—Continuecl.

Gatiin spillway, waste Gatun spillway, leakage

Gatun locks, lockages and tests Gatun locks, leakage

Gatun hydroelectric plant ' Pedro Miguel locks, lockages and tests ' Pedro Miguel locks, leakage i. Maintaining Miraflores Lake through Pedro Miguel locks i Pumping at Gaillard Cut i Brazos Brook Reservior

Pumping at Gamboa

(a) Total outflow >

( 6) Storage ( + increase; — decrease)

(c) Netyield(« ± b) (d) Evaporation (61.224 inches)

(e) Total yield {c+ d)

(/) Rainfall on lake (114.50 inches)

(g) Yield from land area (e —f)

Transferred into Miraflores Lake i

Quantities in

Million cubic feet.

167,984

122 9,085

186

40, 500 7,636

158 664

172

" 262

432

227, 101 +1,620

228, 721

23, 327

252, 048

43, 625

208, 423 8,529

Secondfeet.

5,326.

7

3.9

288.1 5.9

1, 284.

2

242.1 5.0

17.9 5.5

8.3

13.7

7,201.3

+51.4

7, 252.

7

739.7

7, 992. 4 1,383.3

6, 609.

1

270.5

Lake surface Land area Total watershed.

Mean area (square

miles).

164 1,156

1,320

Rainfall

(inches).

114. 50 115.48

115.36

Run-off

(inches).

114.50 77.65 82.12

Percent- age

(run-off).

100

67

71

1 Transferred into Miraflores Lake.

Gatun lockages, 2,108; Pedro Miguel lockages, 2,274.

Table No. 8.

Hydrology of Miraflores Lake ivatershed, year 1917.

[Drainage area, 38.5 square miles.]

Miraflores Lake.

Yearly mean Maximum . .

.

Minimum

Sept. 6 Oct. 25

Quantities in

Miraflores spillway, waste

Miraflores spillway, leakage

Miraflores locks, lockages and tests Miraflores locks, leakage

Miraflores po ver plant cooling water .

.

Miraflores locks, lake regulation

(a) Total outflow

(6) Total inflow from Gatim Lake i

{cj Storage (+ increase; — decrease)...

(d) Net yield (a—h±c)

(c) Evaporation on lake (54.216 inches)

(/) Total yield (d+e)

(a) Rainfall on lake (87.17 inches)

(h ) Yield from land area (f—g)

Includes filtration plant wash water i.

.

1 Lacludes filtration plant wash water.
BEPOET OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 95

Table No. 8.

Hydrology of Mirafloren Lake watershed, year 1911—Continued,
96 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 10.

Monthly maximum, minimiiiii, and mean elevations for Gatun

Lake, Miraflores Lake, and Chanres River, 1911—Continued.
KEPOKT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 97

Table No. 11.

Hydrology of the Chagres River at Alhajuela, year 1917, and

dry season, 1918.

Alhajuela, 38.5 miles from Gatun. Drainage area, 427 square miles.

Mean: Yearioi".

Elevation (feet) 93.12

Discharge (second-feet) 3,026

Maximum

:

Date Nov. 25

Elevation 107. 95

Discharge (second feet) 51,300

Minimum

:

Date Apr. 26-27

Elevation 90. 72

Discharge (second feet) 268

r

^ 4*^ Percentage of yield at Gatun < 2 „n

Length of record (years) 16

Compared with annual and dry season averages (per

cent) '5

Dry season.

1918.

91.91

1,117

Apr. 22

97.47

11, 967

Apr. 7-10

91.13

466

'96

==51 17

'16

^ Compared with net yield.

^ Compared with total yield.

2 Above.

* Below.

Note.—All elevations are in feet above mean sea level.

Table No. '12.

Monthly discharge, Chagres River at Alhajuela, year 1917.

[Drainage area, 427 square miles.]

Month.

January...

February..

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October...

November.

December

.

Year

Discharge in secondfeet.

Maxi- mum.

1,510

884 969 3,830

33,284

18, 250

12,345

20, 650

36, 735

20, 825 51,300

10, 546

51,300

Date.

19,

1

1 2030

25

22

18

15

624

25

13

125

MLni- mum.

862 502 410

268

784 1,268

1,850

2,664

2,502

2,437

3,069

1,704

268

Date.

27, 28-31 27,28

28 26,27

20

114

1 29 6-9

330

2 26, 27

Mean.

073

663

555

453 996

065

313

724

732 207

307

143

3,020

Inches on

watershed.

Rainfall.

0.49

.24 .33 1.16 15.05

11.43 15.02

15.82 12.94

14.66 22.33

7.12

116. 59

Runoff.

2.894

1.614

1.499

1.183 5.384

8.011 8.946

12. 751

12. 362 11.356 21.701 8.485

96. 186

1 November. - April.

"Note.—Annual run-ofE equaled 83 per cent of rainfall.
98 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 13.

Principal freshets in the Chagres River for the year 1917 and

January to June, inclusive, 1918.

Date.

Vigia.

Elevation of crest.

Rise.

Alhajnela.

Elevation of

crest. Rise. After

Vigia.

Maximum

dis- charge.

Juan Mina.

Elevation of

crest.

Rise. After

Vigia.

Vigia

rise.

Alajuela

rise.

1917. May 25 June 22 Sept. 6 Oct. 12 Oct. 24 Nov. 4 Nov. 16 Nov. 20 Nov. 23

1918. Apr. 22 May 5 May 15 June 5 June 9

142.00

135. 60

141.55

135. 45

136. 80

139. 10

145. 80

138. 80

149. 75

133.40

152. 80

140. 40

135. 90

144.25

Feet. 16.05 8.10

14.00

7.50 8.65

10.15

16.30 8.35

18.82

6.40

25.30

11.90 8.70

16.35

103. 40 99.50

104. 15 98.40

100. 25

101.90

105. 60

101.50 107.95

97.47

110.00

101.90 99.20

104.90

Feet. 11.20 5.90

10.37

5.02

6.91 8.21

11.05 6.40

12.33

5.17

17.15 8.95

6.70

11.90

Hours. n

n

1H

li

11

1^

n

1

C.f.s.

32, 625 18,250

35, 500

14, 765

20, 825 26,910

41,300

25, 350 51,300

11,967

61,200

26,910

17,290

38, 500

84.52

84.41 86.10

85.30

86.22 86.94

87.42

87.22

88.25

84.80 87.35

85.42

85.42 85.90

Feet. 0.57

.36 1.03

.28

.22

.79 1.18

.62 1.55

1 .20 2.45

.37

.32 .85

Hours.

2

2i

5

2

li2|

3If

2^

4

2h

2i

If3

.ct.4

4

7

438

7

78

3

103

45

.ct.56

106

3

10

1110

13

4

144

5

7

1 No crest at Juan Mina. Rise is increase in lake level due to additional storage.

Table No. 14.

Tidal conditions, year 1917.

[Elevations in feet, referred to zero of rod approximate mean sea level.! PACIFIC COAST—BALBOA, CANAL ZONE.

Month.
REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 99

Table No. 15.

Comparison tabic—Balboa and Morro Island (Taboga) tides,

Pacific coast, July, 1917, to June, 1918, inclusive.

[Elevations in feet referred to zero of rod approximate mean sea level.]

[Morro Island data reduced to plane of Balboa gauge.]

Monti

1917. July

August

September..

October

November.

.

December. .

.

Maximum high

water.

Balboa.

191S. January

February . .

.

March

April

May

June

Year

.

9.6

10. S 11.0 10.5 9.7

S.3

9.1 10.2

10.1 10.3 9.9 9.0

11.0

Morro

Island.

9.0

10.0

10.5

10.2

9.3 8.2

9.1 10.2

10.0 9.7

9.4

10.5

Extreme low

water.

Balboa.

— S. 6 — 9.2 — 9.J —10.1 — 9.3 — 8.5

- 9.9

-11.0

-11.0

-10.5

- 9.1

- 8.3

-11.0

Mofto

Island.

9.1 9.3 9.5

9.7 9.0

8.3

- 9.0

-10.6

-10.5

-10.4

- 9.0

- 7.9

10.6

Maximum

amplitude.'

Balboa.

18.2 20.0

20.5

20.5

19.0

16.7

19.0

21.1 21.1

20. S 19.0

17.3

21.1

Morro

Island.

17.7 19.2

19.8 19.9

18.3

16.1

18.4 20.8 20.5

20.1

IS. 3 16.7

20.8

Minimum

amplitude.!

Balboa.

7.1 7.3

7.0

7.1 6.8

6.8

6.6 6.2

6.7

7.6

7.4

7.0

6.2

Morro

Island.

6.8

7.0

6.8 6.9

6.7 6.5

6.2

•6.0

6.5

7.4

7.3 6.8

Monthly mean

tide level.

Balboa.

6.0-1-

-1-0.82

-t-0.81 + 1.07

-1-0.71 +0.63

+0.43

+0.33

+0.02

+0.13

+0.74

+ 1.16 + 1.17

Morro

Island.

+0.83

+0.69

+0.75

+0.80

+0.75

+0.52

+0.41

+0.10

+0.15 +0.60 +1.07 +1.30

+.664

1 For consecutive tides.

Section of Surveys.

The section of surveys has continued to attend to all Panama Railroad land and lot surveys and has maintained the established Canal

Zone monuments, triangulation stations, and bench marks; this sec- tion has also made surveys and prepared maps for other divisions

and for the Joint Land Commission. Attention has been given to

various features of the canal requiring precise observation.

The report of the assistant engineer gives the detail of the work

accomplished

:

Section of Subveys.

B. B. Alexander, Acting Assistant Engineer.

BUILDING LOTS.

Colon.—Corner and grade stakes were set on 46 lots and alley stakes on

35 lots. Sixteen block nionunients were lowered to level of sidewalk. A sur- vey was made for the purpose of monumenting block No. 65. In the section

east of E Street eight block monuments were set. Corner and grade stakes

were set on one lot in Cristobal. A survey was made of a lot on Colon Beach

and map made to accompany lease.

Panaina.—Nineteen block monuments in Las Esplanadas section, which had

been destroyed by street improvements, were replaced. The houses on lots

Nos. 20 and 21, block No. 6, Guachapli section, were located and map made

to accompany new lease. Twenty-eight block monuments were set in Guachapli

section.

Balboa.—Lot No. 1, in the block leased to oil companies, was staked.

GATUN DAM.

Settlement hubs.—Readings were taken on the settlement hubs once a month

throughout the year, showing normal settlement. A survey was made and

plan drawn up showing locations of all settlement hvibs md bencli marks,

86372°—18 8
100 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Bench marks.—The bench marks in the East Valley were checked by a precise level circnit.

South approach tmll.—Bimonthly readings were taken over the settlement

points on the sonth approach wall and showed an average settlement of 0.14

foot. This is about 0.04 foot less than the average reported last year.

A preci.se level circuit was run from P. B. M. 7, through P. B. M. " G " to

P. B. M. 7A, then from P. B. M. " G " to the reference B. M. used in the settlement readings on the approach wall. This reference B. M. is located on the

center wall about 250 feet north of the break in the approach wall. The precise levels showed no change in elevation of the reference B. M. since August,

1915.

Cano Saddle.—Levels were run over the settlement hubs on Cauo Saddle

three times during the year, showing normal settlement. The settlement of

this saddle is hardly appreciable.

SUPPLY DEPARTMENT.

Pastures.-—Surveys of the following pastures were completed during the

year: Caimito, Pedro Miguel, Miraflores, Arango. Monte Lirio, Summit, and

Mandinga. The work comprised the running of the perimeter of each pasture

and all inside fence lines, the pastures having from 6 to 20 divisions. Areas

were obtained, sketch maps made, and blue prints furnished the superintendent

of cattle industry. The total area surveyed was, in round numbers, 24.000

acres. All the clearing on these pastures was done by contract and sublet to individuals. All the different areas thus involved were measured up by this

section.

Plantatioii.<.—All the contract clearing work was measured up and areas obtained on the following-named plantations : Limon, Las Guacas, Juan Mina,

Flatrock, and Rio Palenque. Drainage ditches were staked and the yardage

of all ditching computed. Reports and blue prints of above were furnished to the superintendent of plantations. These plantations are located on the Chagres

River,, about S miles above Gamboa. A survey and map were made of the

chicken farm at Summit. A survey was made and map prepared for the study

of a proposed irrigation project on La Pita farm, situated just north of Summit.

HEALTH DEPARTMENT.

Work was started on a topographical survey of the swamp area east of

Margarita Railroad, between Rio Majagual and Rio Coco Solo for the purpose of

estimating the cost of a hydraulic fill. This survey is about 60 per cent completed.

MUNICIPAL DIVISION.

A topographical survey was made for the municipal engineering division,

covering the ftliraflores dump and a tract east of the old road between Panama

and Pedro Miguel.

JOINT LAND COMMISSION.

Surveys of the following estates were made: Cuatro Calles, Santa Cruz,

San Antonio, Charco Barnco, Otro Lado, El Pihiva, and La Pihivia. These

estates are situated on the Rio Chagres north from Gamboa to the Canal Zone

boundary line. Maps of these estates were prepared and furnished the special

attorney for use in hearings before the Joint Connnission.

Mandinga and PiJiisba estates.—A survey of the Mandinga and Pihisba es- tates was completed and maps furnished the special attorney. These estates are situated on the IMandinga River, and west of the town of Empire.

Palo Differente estate.—The accuracy of a map of the Palo Differente estate,

presented by the claimants, was investigated on the ground and findings re- ported to the special" attorney.

Macia and Verner.—The boundary lines of the Macia claim near the mouth

of the Chagres were run out and those of the Verner claim investigated.

SURVEY—PANAMA, ANCON, BALBOA.

A survey of the district was about 75 per cent complete last year and is now

complete. As to method, the district was divided into 7 sections over. which
EEPOET OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE. 101

were established 14 stations by precise triangulatiou, wiiicli, together with

those already established, made a total of 18 stations. Starting from these

stations the district ^v;ls covered with n network of closed traverses by transit

and steel tape. There were (ner 500 of tliese control traverse points put in

whose geodetic coordinates and elevations have been determined. The map, as

its close control would indicate, is a very comprehensive one and is used ex- tensively by the various divisions and dei)artments of the canal. The scale is 1 : 2000, and the territory covered is about 5 square miles.

TEIANGULATION.

Two new triangulatiou stations were established, Corozal and Mole. Corozal

is located near the old hotel at Corozal, and Mole on the outer end of the

mole at Cristobal.

Stations Espinosa, Luisa, Cocoli, Semaphoi-e, INIare, anil (Jatun were re- paired.

Stations New Culebra and Cocoa Grove were replaced.

The angles in the " slide " triangulatiou system were observed twice during

the year and found to be the same as previous observations, indicating that

there had been no movement on either side of the canal at these points. These

stations are situated on Gold Hill, Mount Zion, and Contractor's Hill.

BENCH MARKS.

A precise B. M. was established at Margarita. Fifty-one P. B. Ms. were

cleared, repaired, and painted. The number and elevation were stenciletl on

each. Four P. B. IMs. were reset on account of having been destroyed or disturbed.

CANAL ZONE BOUNDARY MONUMENTS.

Three Canal Zone boundary monuments were reset on account of having

been destroyed by street construction.

The boundary line was cleared from iMonument F to IMonument 84, and each

monument on the line cleared and marked with its number.

Seven extra monuments were set on the boundary line between the Canal

Zone and the city of I'anama. This was done at the request of the Canal

Zone police department.

CRISTOBAL COALING PLANT.

Three times during the year readings were taken on the east and west walls

of the coal pocket, over established monunieiited lines, to determine the spread

of the reclaiming bridge tracks which are laid in these concrete walls.

No movement has been found in the west wall since construction. The east

wall seems to have a slight continuous spread, as, for example, in June, 1917,

the average total spread since ()ctol)er, 191G, had been 0.029 foot; in June,

1918. it had been 0.040 foot; in June, 191S, the east wall had a maximum total

spread since October. 1916, of 0.081 foot ; in IVbruary. 1918, the maximum was

also 0.081 foot, but at a different place in the wall.

The point where the maximum of 0.081 foot occiu-red in February, 1918,

showed a spread of only 0.068 foot in June, 1918. This would seem to indicate

that the maximum movement varies with the positions of the liridge and the

high coal piles, and that there is a si>ring in the wall.

From information obtained from those in charge at the plant, no difficulty

has been experienced in the movement of the bridges recently.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Colon Hospital and Quarantine Reservation, and radio reservations.—These

reservations have one boundary which is common to both. Fourteen monuments were set on the boundaries, a traverse run over them, and a description

written up by metes and bounds. A map was made on a scale of 1 : 1200,

thus completing the work on these reservations.

Isolated 100 foot contour boundary inonunicnts.—The 100-foot contour around

Gatun Lake area is marked by iron pipe monuments. Eighty-five of these

moHuments were cleared, repainted, and pointed out to the police patvoJ,
102 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Instniments.—All surveying instruments which were turned into the instrument-repair shop were tested for estimated cost of repairs or for recommendations as to whether they should be sold or scrapped.

Stadhi intervals were determined for several transits and stadia boards were

laid out and made for same.

Sufficient surveyins instruments wliich are in first-class condition have been

kept on hand for issue to other divisions as their requirements demanded.

Examination.—An examination for the grade of junior engineer was given on IMarch 3, 191S. There were 12 applicants, 5 of whom received a passing

grade.

Section of )netcorolo{i]j and ]nj(lro(/rai)h!j.—The water stage register gauge

staffs at Pedro IMiguel, Gamboa. Frijoles, IVIonte Lirio, and Gatun, were checked

with Y-level elevations.

The tide gauges at BalI)oa and Cristobal were checked for elevations.

Mile.s of line.—Transit, 58; Y level. 236; precise level, 28; stadia traverse,

299 ; side shots, 587 ; trail and trocha, 24. Total miles of line, 1,282.

Section of Office Engineer.

The details of the work accomplished by this section are given in

the report of the office engineer, which follows

:

Section of Office Engineeb.

C. J. Enihrce. Office Engineer.

This section has continued to handle the engineering, architectural, electr'cal,

and miscellaneous design work required by all divisions of the canal except the

mechanical division. The most important work handled has been that required

by the building and electrical divisions. Ixith of which have carried through

large programs of construction. The designers and draftsmen working on

Pier No. 6 were consolidated with the force of this office when the construction

woi'k was placed under the direction of the resident engineer, building division.

On account of the gradual completion of the authorized constrTiction program for the year, the drafting force has been gradually reduced from a maxiiiium of 30 men- to the present force of 14 electrical, architectural, engineering,

and general draftsmen.

The average force consisted of 27 men. who have produced a total of 9G4

working drawings, or an average of 1 complete drawing for every 49 man-hours.

The detail description of the work covered by the designing forces will be

found in the reports of the heads of divisions concerned.

The Idue-print room maintained in connection with the drafting room lias con- tinued to issue the necessary white, blue, and brown prints required, the total

being as follows

:

Sqiiaio feet. Blue prints 2(j."). ."80 AVh'ite prints 2-!. 000

Brown-print negatives 4 30."»

Total 293,885

The average cost of producing the above prints, inclusling labor and material,

has been 1.23 cents per square foot.

This office has continued to write the si>ecitications jind requisitions, as \j-ell as keep a record of all spare parts and supplies required by the division of locks.

Respectfully,

H. EowE,

Resident Engineer.

Col. Chestek Harding, United States Army,

Governor^ The Panama Canal, Balboa IJeights, Canal Zone,
Plate 3.

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APPENDIX B.

REPORT OF THE RESIDENT ENGINEER, BUILDING DIVISION.

Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, J\dy 20, 1918.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of oi^erations

of this division for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918

:

Organization.

The or2:anization of the division is the same as outlined in the

report for the fiscal year of 1917, with the following- additions:

The terminal construction work (construction of docks) was transferred to this division August .5, 1917.

The terminal construction work (dry clock and coal plant completion) was transferred to this division August 30, 1917.

On August 4, 1917, Mr. T. B. Monniche, engineer of docks, re- signed and his duties were transferred to the resident engineer of

the building division by Circular 660-34, effective August 5, 1917.

Mr. T. C. Morris continued as assistant to resident engineer. Mr.

S. M. Hitt continued as architect.

Mr. C. A. Nelson was transferred to the division on August 5, 1917,

as superintendent of construction. Pier No. 6.

Mr. J. B. Fields continued as superintendent of construction,

Southern district.

Mr. J. Cosgrove resigned as superintendent of construction. Northern district, on May 5, 1918, and w'as succeeded by Mr. R. C.

Hardman.

Mr. C. C. Snedeker continued as superintendent of submarine base

construction.

Building Operations.

Construction work on new Pier No. 6, Ancon Hospital, ice and

cold-storage plant, concrete and frame quarters, and other projects

for the canal were carried on during the year.

The construction work authorized in 1917 for the Army barracks

and quarters was completed, and the aviation base authorized for

Manzanillo Bay was designed and carried to 90 per cent of completion.

For the Navy, the construction of an aviation and a submarine

base was carried to 95 per cent of completion.

The report on the status of work on Pier No. 6 is as follows

:

At the close of the fiscal year 1916-17. the condition of the substructure of Pier No. 6 was as follows : The driving of caissons was

103
104 THE PANAMA CANAL.

70 per cent complete, with a total of 15,855 linear feet in place ; the

excavation from cylinders was 73 per cent complete, w^th a total of

10,503 cubic yards of material removed; and the concreting of the

caissons was 50 per cent complete, with a total of 10,987 cubic yards

poured. The driving of caissons was completed on September 7,

1917. with a total of 22,610 linear feet in place. The excavation of

material from the caissons prior to concreting was completed on

September 19, 1917, with a total of 14.382 cubic yards removed. The

concreting of the caissons was completed on October 19, 1917, with a

total of 22,005 cubic yards poured.

The cylinders were 6 feet in diameter and were rolled from fineh and ^-inch flat plates furnished by the Riter Conley Company

at $0.0357 per pound. The rolling of the caissons was performed by

the mechanical division at the Cristobal shops, at a cost of $-1.20 per

linear foot, and the cylinders in place cost a total of $15.25 per linear

foot. The excavation of material from the cylinders cost $6.01 per

cubic yard, and the concreting of the caissons cost $5.51 per cubic

yard. The total cost of the completed cylinders, including excavation and concreting, was $550,894.20, corresponding to $24.36 per

linear foot; while the cost of the substructure as a Avhole, including

the cost of trestles and falsework, power and water lines, tracks,

overhead charges, etc., was $687,677.04, or $172,629.47 in excess of the

corresponding cost for Pier No. 7. This increased cost was due to

the increased cost of material, especially steel and piling. The .steel

•->n Pier No. 6 cost $0.0357 per pound, against $0.01447 per pound on

Pier No. 7, while the piling used in the trestlework on Pier No. 6

cost $0.46 per linear foot, against $0.19 per linear foot on Pier No. 7.

A considerable economy was etlected by the use of only one trestle

on Pier No. 6 in connection with floating equipment. In case four

trestles had been used on Pier No. 6, as was the case on Pier No. 7, the

cost of same would have been approximately $194,000, against the

actual cost of $47,993, showing a gross saving of $140,000 on this

item. The cost of operating the derrick barges was approximately

$32,000, so that an actual saving of approximately $114,000 was effected by this change in the method of construction. As shown above,

however, this saving was not sufficient to offset the increased cost of

material.

FLOOR FOR PIER NO. 6.

As mentioned in the annual report for the fiscal year 1916-17, the

floor for Pier No. 6 was originally designed and the cylinders spaced

for a structural-steel floor system. The bids received for the steel

work, however, showed that the lowest price for which this material

could be secured was $0,058 per pound, including erection, and $0,052

per pound, not including erection. This would have brought the cost

of steel in place up to approximately $650,000, not including over- head charges, or $381,000 more than the corresponding cost for Pier

No. 7.

'

In view of this large increase in the cost of structural-steel floor system, studies were made to determine the advisability of substituting a reinforced-concrete floor system for the structural steel. The caissons, a large numl^er of which were alreadv in place, were spaced 45

feet apart in the longitudinal direction an^ 26 feet 6 inches apart in
REPORT OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, BUILDING DIVISION. 105

the transverse direction, a spacing which proved highly economical

on Pier No. 7 with reference to the total cost of the pier. The

span of 45 feet, however, offered serious difficulties to a reinforcedconcrete construction, and the use of continuous arch-shaped girders

with steel tie-rods in alternate bays, designed to take either compression or tension, was at first determined upon. Later it was found

advisable to use arches in the same bays as the struts, but elsewhere

to use ordinary haunched girders. This design was eventually approved for the 45-foot longitudinal spans, while in the transverse

direction tee beams were used to transmit the loads to the girders and

arches. Due to the continuity of the arches and girders and to the

movable abutments resulting from the flexibility of the cylinders

and the extensibility of the tie-rods, the stresses were indeterminate

to a high degree, but the analysis was successfully carried out by the

aid of the elastic theory.

After the development of the design in the floor system, the next

problem encountered was to find a means of supporting the concrete

forms plus the weight of the fresh concrete, amounting to a total of

approximately 350,000 pounds for the girders and 250.000 pounds

for the arches. After an investigation of various methods of carryins this excessive load, it was finally decided to use long secondhand

steel bridge girders to support the forms for the concrete girders,

while smaller girders supported at the ends of the bridge girders were

used to carry the forms for the arches. The bridge girders were supported by H-beams running between cylinders at right angles to the

direction of the bridge girders. The general appearance of the

arches and girders is shown by plate No. 22.

The concrete being used on Pier No. 6 consists of one part cement

to four parts run-of-bank gravel, and the design assumed that the

concrete would stand 2,000 pounds per square inch compression when

28 days old. Compression tests made with sample cylinders indicated, however, that the concrete was not as strong as assumed. Various experiments were accordingly made with a view to strengthening the concrete, and it w^as found that by washing the gravel and

removing a certain amount of the very fine sand the strength of the

concrete was increased nearly 100 per cent. Accordingly all gravel

is now being washed over one-sixteenth-inch mesh screens placed at

45° to the horizontal, so that the required amount of fine sand is re- moved in the same operation.

During September and October, 1917, the first drawings for the

arches and girders were completed, and the pouring of concrete was

started in October. During the remainder of the fiscal year a total

of 10,115 cubic yards were poured or 35 per cent of the required total

of 28.820 cubic yards to be used in the floor system. It is estimated

that this concrete can be put in place for approximately $20 per

cubic yard, including the cost of the forms and reinforcing.

Toward the close of the fiscal year 1916-17 it became evident

that Pier No. 6 could not be constructed for the appropriation of

$1,500,000 provided by Congress. This was due entirely to the large

increase in the costs of materials which followed the preparation of

the estimates upon which the apj)ropriation was based. The prices

of steel and piling, for instance, each advanced to more than two and

one-half times the cost of these items used on Pier No. 7. As pointed
106 THE PANAMA CAISTAL.

out above, floating derricks AA'ere used to save trestle work on the

foundation, and a reinforced concrete floor system was decided upon

to save steel in an effort to offset these abnormal increases in cost.

Othei- changes in design effecting economy without impairing the

usefulness of the pier were also made. These included the elimination of paving bricks, except between the rails, a considerable reduction in the size of door openings wdiich will result in a large saving

in the cost of the doors, and a redesign of the fender systems, bringing the creosoted timber required down to a minimum. A further

saving will be effected by the use of a reinforced concrete shed in

place of a structural steel shed. In spite of these changes, however,

it Avas necessary to request an additional appropriation of $593,190

from Congress, which was provided by the passage of the urgent

deficiency bill, on March 28, 1918.

Bids were o]5ened in Washington on April 30, 1918, covering the

cost of furnishing approximately 4.400,000 pounds of structural steel

for the shed of Pier No. 6. The most favorable bid for the material

was $4.99 per hundredweight delivered at New York, indicating

that the structural steel in place would cost approximately $302,000,

or about 150 per cent more than the corresponding cost on Pier No,

7. The cost of the roof, doors, electrical Avork, concrete, and miscellaneous items would bring the total cost of the shed up to $515,000,

and in view of the unusually high cost all bids were rejected after

careful estimates of cost, and preliminary plans were prepared for a

reinforced concrete shed. The design requires 66.000 cubic yards of

concrete, which is estimated to cost not more than $200,000. Adding

to this figure the cost of the doors, electrical work, louvers, and

miscellaneous items, it is estimated that the total cost of the shed

will be $338,000, representing a saving by the adoption of this type of

construction of approximately $177,000. The design involves the

use of reinforced concrete roof trusses, which will be cast on the floor

of the pier and erected into place by locomotive cranes. Plans for

these trusses are well under way and working drawings will be

finished at an early date. The condition of Pier No. G at the close

of the fiscal vear is shown by Plate No. 21, " General View of Pier

6, July 1, 19i8."

BOAT LANDING AND LAUNCH HOUSE BETW^EEN PIERS NOS. 7 AND 8,

CRISTOBAL.

At the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, the 2,107 linear

feet of 3-foot and 4-foot diameter caissons required for the foundations for the boat landing and launch house had been put in place,

excavated, and concreted, completing all work on the substructure.

The cost of the caissons in place amounted to $5.98 per linear foot.

A total of 536 cubic yards of excavation was performed at a cost of

$5.45 per cubic yard, while the concrete, of which 750 cubic yards

were used, was poured at a cost of $7.10 per cubic yard. The total

cost of the foundations, including preliminary work and overhead

charges, was $23,174.72.

No work on the floor of the boat landing Avas performed until

October 6, 1917, due to delays in the delivery of the floor steel, the

erection of Avhich Avas started on tliat date. By October 25, the entire

amount of 511.570 pounds of Ftruftm-al steel for the floor and shed
EEPORT OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, BUILDING DIVISION. 107

had been erected, including 297,887 pounds for the floor and 213,683

pounds for the shed. The floor steel was furnished by the J. B. Kendal Company at $0.0491 per pound, and the shed steel was furnished

by the Belmont Iron Works at $0,06 per pound.

The pouring of concrete for the girder encasement and floor slab

was started on October 31, 1917, and completed December 8, 1917, a

total of 481 cubic yards having been used.

The concrete work for the shed was started on December 6, 1917,

and completed on January 12, 1918, a total of 280 cubic yards having

been used.

All work on the boat landing and launch house was completed in

March, 1918, and the structure turned over to the marine division.

The total cost of the completed structure was $109,939.07.

The following is a description of the principal structures con- structed or in course of construction during the past year:

INDUSTRIAL PLANT—PANAMA RAILROAD.

Construction was begun this past fiscal year on a group of industrial buildings at Mount Hope that it is proposed will ultimately

consist of a cold-storage building, an ice plant, an abattoir, a meatCanning factory, a bone-meal, fertilizer, and soap-making plant; a laundry, bakery, and grocery warehouse ; and all the necessary buildings necessary to the most economical operation of such an establishment—namely incinerator, boiler house, machine, pipe fitting, blacksmith and carpenter shops, and garage.

The buildings under construction are the ice and cold-storage plant

and the abattoir, which will be completed and equipped for operation

conjointly with the power plant. These buildings are of the reinforced concrete column, beam and floor slab and filled-in block-wall

type of construction, and are to have flat slab roofs, waterproofed

with cement and temperature steel.

Cold-storage, huilding.—This building is 105 feet 8 inches by 341

feet 3 inches in over-all dimensions above the first story, and three

stories high. The first story has an additional width of 10 feet.

The building has three electric elevators in shafts, 9 by 10 feet,

and two automatic meat drops. Floors, walls, and ceiling are

lined with 4-inch, 6-inch, or 9-inch thickness of cork where low temperatures are required, and the building is equipped with modern

machinery for the industries described below

:

On the first floor is an ice-cream manufacturing plant, comprising

freezing and hardening rooms, brick cutting and finished product,

vestibule, storage, and wash room. All these rooms and those of the

dairy products storage are floored with red ceramic tile.

On the third floor are rooms equipped for corning beef, and for

hamburger and sausage making and pickling.

The remainder of the building is planned for the packing and shipping of meat, vegetables, and dairy products and for cold storage of

the following capacities

:

Vegetable stoi-age. 17,670 square feet or 193,000 cubic feet.

Butter storage. 1,110 square feet or 12,130 cubic feet.

Egg storage. 2,254 square feet or 24,650 cubic feet.

Boxed goods storage, 4,705 square feet or .53,400 cubic feet.

Beef storage, 20,710 square feet or 333.100 cubic feet.

Chilled rooms. 4,440 s(iuaie feet or 72.500 cubic feet.
108 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The beef-storage rooms are all equipped with overhead tracks,

which will accommodate 4,815 head of dressed beef if stored in

halves, or 2,957 head if stored in quarters.

The building has office and toilet accommodations for the employees,

Ahattoir.—This building, which covers 95 by 134 feet in ground

area is three stories high and of the same type of construction as the

cold storage and ice plant.

The live stock is driven up from the stockyards over a 6-foot wide

exterior concrete runway to the third floor, where all killing is done.

Provision has been made for slaughtering 300 cattle per day on six

killing beds, with allowance for installation of a seventh bed, and

200 hogs per day, with capacity for further expansion, as a clehairing

machine with a capacity of 200 per hour is to be installed. The

dres-cd beef and hogs are run upon overhead rails across a bridge and

directly into the chill rooms of the cold-storage plant.

All offal and by-products from the killing floor are dropped

through chutes and delivered by gravity to the floor below, where they

are cleaned and sent to the proper department. On this floor are also

located the bone room, tlie upper part of the tank house, and the

upper part of the lard and oleo oil department.

The tank house, which extends to the basement, is equipped with

six rendering tanks, two blood cookers, and a press from which the

tankage is conveyed by trucks to the fertilizer plant and the grease

in barrels to the soap plant.

The lard and oleo department extending through the first and

second floors is provided with machinery required for the manufacture of steam lard, open-kettle lard, oleo oil and stearine, together

with the cold room for storage of the finished products.

A small chicken killing space has been provided on the first floor

where (iOO chickens may be killed daily.

The remainder of the first floor is occupied by the hide department.

Tlie hides a're dropped direct from the killing floor, after which they

are trimmed, dipped, and finally stored in salt vats, which have a storage capacity of 0,000 hides.

The buihling occupies a convenient location with respect to the

cold-storage building, boiler house, and -repair shops, and is reached

by a road on the east side and by railroad tracks on the west.

Freezing room.—This structure adjoins the cold-storage building

and is connected with it by a 30-foot platform, and also through the

ice-storage room. Three 50-ton freezing tanks with necessary agitators, air lilowers. filters, tipping tables, precoolers, and dipping tanks

are located in this room.

Raw water ice will be manufactured in 300-pound cakes, and three

overhead cranes, one for each tank, are provided for handling the

ice.

Eng'ine rflow?.—Engine-room equipment consists of three 200-ton

refrigerating units of vertical high speed type, direct connected to

400 horsepower motors. One pump-out machine is provided. Three

vertical centiffugal pumps, 1,000 gallons per minute capacity are located in a sump under the engine room, directly connected to vertical motors located on the main floor of the engine room. Water is

furnished to this sump from the East Diversion by gravity through a
REPORT OP RESIDENT ENGINEER, BUILDING DIVISION. 109

24-inch concrete pipe, 3,900 feet long, and is pumped to double tube

condensers on the roof of the freezing room.

A 20-ton overhead electric crane is provided covering the entire

area of the engine room.

The main electrical switchboard, transformers, and distribution

system are also located along one side of this room.

MINDI DAIRY FARM.

The buildings of this industry consist of those described below

:

Barns.—The barns are in four units, each having two rows of

milch cow stalls of 40 stalls each, making a total of 320 stalls in the

group of buildings. Each of the four building units has a feed room,

16 by 33 feet, and a 16-foot diameter silo 36 feet high. The over-all

dimensions of the concrete floor forming the floor and yards of the

four units of barn buildings are 196 feet 8 inches by 232 feet 8

inches. The stall sections are screened above the block and stuccoed

side walls of 5 feet minimum height up to tlie roof plate. The roof

has a continuous ridge ventilator and a 6 by 10 foot skylight in each

14-foot bay. The feed rooms and silos are built of blocks, stuccoed,

the silo walls being reinforced by rods in the horizontal block joints.

All of these buildings have roofs of asphalt shingles on wood

framing.

Milk house.—This is a hollow block structure, stuccoed, 27 feet 6

inches by 47 feet, one story above platform height, with asphalt

shingle roof on wood framing.

It contains the dairy office, boiler, refrigerator, and washing rooms,

an 11 foot 4 inch by 12 foot 8 inch refrigerator, a workroom,

sterilizing room, can storeroom, and toilet and showers for the -help.

All of the above rooms, except the office, boiler room, and toilet, but

including two exterior platforms, are paved in red ceramic tile.

Cattle pens.—This is an open v\'ooden structure, 29 feet 6 inches by

48 feet 8 inches, of concrete flood and asphalt shingle roof, and contains 8 pens for calving and calves.

Bull pen.—This is a similar structure to the cattle pen. 12 feet two

inches by 48 feet 8 inches, containing 4 pens.

Quarters.—The quarters consist of one 1-story wooden dwelling for

the gold roll manager, and one wooden barracks for the quartering of

40 silver roll employees.

TIVOLI HOTEL KITCHEN.

The new Tivoli Hotel kitchen is located adjacent to the Tivoli

Hotel at Ancon. and is designed to not only replace the present

kitchen of the hotel but with the purpose to fit and be a part of the

hotel in permanent materials that is proposed for the site at a future

date.

The new kitchen is 60 feet by 78 feet, one story and basement high.

The type of construction is reinforced concrete foundations, columns,

beams, floor and roof slabs, with walls and partitions of hollow concrete blocks, stuccoed.

The kitchen proper is on the first floor and has an area of 2,400

square feet, with red tile floor and white tile wainscot. The equiDment is grouped in the kitchen to form departments; the dishwashing
110 THE PANAMA CANAL.

department with pantiy for silver and glassware and plate warmer;

.i_ pantry with coffee urns ; the bakers' department with mixer and

oil-burning ovens: and the cooks' department with two oil-burning

ranges, broiler, stock pots and steamers, cook tables, steam tables, and

short-order refrigerators. On the same floor are the cold-storage

rooms, storerooms, servants' dining rooms, and boiler room with two

oil-burning boilers to supply hot water and steam. The refrigeration

machinery is on the mezzanine floor and over the cold-storage rooms.

In the basement are the servants' toilets and locker rooms, and an

equipment storeroom.

LOCAL FREIGHT AND BAGGAGE BUILDING.

This building occupies the angle between Docks Nos. 9 and 10 at

Cristobal, and is connected with the former through wide openings

without doors in every bay. It is 75 feet 8 inches wide by 919 feet

long, and is constructed of leinforced concrete floor, walls, and foundations, on piles, the floor having an additional reinforcement of

steel rails. The roof is of corrugated asbestos on steel trusses, offering a clear span l)etween the side walls.

This building receives, stores, and discharges all local incoming

and outgoing freight and baggage. Held-over baggage and mail

consigned to other boats for distant ports are stored here. For the

latter, special sorting compartments are provided, and the building

also contains a 16-foot by 20-foot fire and burglar proof vault for

the storage of specie and valuables. This building, being virtually

an annex of Dock No. 9, is used in its far end in the same capacity

when the dock is congested.

MOUNT Ti'OPE OIL TANK.

This is located on a spur near the Mount Hope railroad station.

It is cylindrical in form, 115 feet in diameter and 30 feet high, and

has a capacity of 55.000 barrels.

Because of the price and the difliculty at this time in securing delivery of steel, and the fact also of a lowered temperature being

obtained in concrete, which lessens the loss of oil by evaporation, the

wall is of reinforced concrete, being 12 inches thick at the bottom

and battered on the inside to C inches at the top. The roof is of

steel plates on iron-pipe columns and steel framing.

The inlet and outlet pipe is 8 inches in diameter and located near

the bottom of the tank. Connected to it is a swivel-jointed adjustable

spout which permits drawing oft of the oil from the surface. A wall

drain at the bottom is also provided for drawing off collected water.

ANCON HOSPITAL.

The construction of the Ancon Hospital group of buildings, which

began three years ago in permanent materials, will be com]^,leted during the fiscal year as a thoroughly equip])Gd hospital of GOO beds,

with the exception of the quartering of employees of all classes other

than the superintendent and the nurses. Physicians, surgeons, intei'ues and other technicians, the administration force, and a few

other emjjloyees on the gold roll —both married and bachelor—and
EEPORT OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, BUILDING DIVISION. Ill

maids and orderlies on the silver roll, are still housed in wooden

buildings. With the construction of the buildings covered by the

last appropriation the hospital will consist of the following units

in the main group, all of which are connected by covered passageways

:

Administrative and clinics building: Kitchen and mess, section A

ward group, section B ward group, section C ward group, section D

ward group, isolation section.

Besides, there are the following detached buildings within the hospital grounds : Dispensary, medical storehouse, laboratory and crematory, power house and shops, superintendent's home, nurses' quarters, garage.

The main group of buildings extends irregularly about a tract

that in over-all dimensions is GOO by 1,200 feet, and they are from

two to four stories in height. The total length of covered passageways connecting the different buildings, including the porches of the

wards, which vary in width from 6 to 10 feet, is about 6,800 linear feet.

The buildings on which work was performed during the past fiscal

year are herewith briefly described.

Ward group, section C.—This building is designed in the shape of

the letter V, to conform to the peculiar topography of the site, and

a covered passageway connects this unit with the kitchen building

and other buildings of the hospital group. The building has a capacity of 192 patients, and consists of a central unit 53 feet wide

by 129 feet long, and two side Avings each 42 feet wide and 129 feet

and 137 feet long, respectively—all three stories and basement in

height.

The central unit comprises the waiting room for visitors, service

rooms, kitchens, dining rooms, cells, quiet rooms, dressing rooms,

nurses' and doctors' offices, laboratories, and toilets. The basement of

tlie side wings is intended for storage space and the other floors are

arranged for large wards opening on continuous porches on either

side with a capacity' of 29 patients in each.

In eacli ward a built-in cabinet and service room equipped with a linen closet, ice box, sink, and hot plate outlet, are provided. One

electric elevator and dumbwaiter, ice water bubbling fountains, and

linen chute are also installed.

The construction of the building is reinforced concrete skeleton,

concrete floor slabs, and cement block curtain walls and partitions!

The roof is built up of trussed wood rafters, sheathed and covered

with Spanish style vitreous red tile. The interior of the building is

finished in white lime plaster excepting in a few special rooms Avhere

Keene's cement plaster is used. In conformity with the finish in the

other hospital buildings best grade vitreous porcelain plumbing fixtures are installed, and all electric light fixtures are finished in white

enamel. All of the woodAvork is painted and enameled, and 6 by 6

inch red floor tile is used throughout, excepting in the private rooms

and cells, Avhere wood floor occurs.

_ Ward (jrou'i\ section D.—Ward group, section D, is a separate sec- tion from an administrative 'standpoint, but it is built as a continuation of section C. This group is the shape of the letter T, consisting

of a central unit o>3 by 91 feet and side wings 42 feet wide and 123

feet and 131 feet long, respectively. The building is three stories

and basement in height except one wing, which has only a portion

of its area excavated for a basement.
112 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The building has a capacity of 192 patients and besides three large

wards, with a capacity of 29 patients each. This building provides

special wards for white and colored children and an obstetrical sec- tion for colored patients. In the central unit is located a waiting

room for visitors, service rooms, kitchens, dining rooms, cells, quiet

rooms, dress rooms, nurses' and doctors' offices, laboratory, toilets,

and obstetrical operating rooms.

The children's Avards are provided with special service rooms,

where bathtubs, sinks, and other equipment is installed. Special

service rooms are also arranged in the obstetrical department for the

nursery and adult patients. In this department the women's ward

has a capacity of 16 beds and the nursery 12 beds.

The construction and general finish of this section is the same as section C.

Nurses' quarters.—The nurses' quarters are located in proximity

to the ward and other hospital buildings on a prominent spur overlooking Panama City and its environs. . The building, three stories

in height, 233 feet 6 inches long and 46 feet 1 inch wide, provides a suite for one chief nurse and quarters for 72 nurses. Besides a reception room, 29 feet wide and 52 feet long, a kitchen

and tea room is provided on the first floor. In the basement, two

maids' rooms, a laundry, and several small service rooms are provided.

A central corridor on each floor affords circulation between the various

rooms, stair halls, and toilets, and each room opens upon a common

screened porch. Each room has a lavatory with hot and cold water,

medicine cabinet, and built-in dry closet. A linen chute and bubbling drinking fountains are also installed in the corridors. A telephone booth is provided on each floor in order to eliminate the necessity of installing a telephone outlet in each room, excepting in a few rooms where nurses are subject to call at all hours, and magnifying phones are installed in the corridors of each floor, operated by

the maid on the first floor.

The type of construction of the building is reinforced concrete

skeleton, witii concrete floor slabs and cement-block curtain walls,

cement plastered on the exterior. The roof is built of wood rafters,

sheathed and covered with red vitreous roof tile. The interior is

finished in white-lime plaster with wood trim and staircases.

Boiler house ayid shops.—The i)ower plant of the hospital is 48

feet 6 inches by 62 feet 6 inches in dimensions, one story high, of

open sides, with wide overhanging eaves. The construction is reinforced concrete, with a corrugated asbestos roof on Avood rafters.

Besides two oO-horsepower oil-burning boilers that supply steam to

al] the hospital buildings, this structure contains the hospital car- penter and plumbing shop.

/?r//Y/r/^.—Dimensions. 21 feet 3 inches by 80 feet 6 inches. This

building is of the general type of hospital permanent construction,

and contains stalls for eight hospital trucks, ambulances, etc. Tavo

of the sfalls are partitioned off as a workroom, with bench and pit

for repairs.

I.ARVAC1DE PLANT.

This is a one-story building, located near the Ancon laundry, 40

feet 6 inches by 70 feet, of cement block, stuccoed, and reinforced

concrete construction, with an asbestos-shingle roofp
REPORT OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, BUILDING DIVISION. 113

The building contains an office foi- the sanitary inspector, storeroom for the health department, toilets, and workroom for the

manufacture of larvacide, which is used for the extermination of

mosquitoes. The carbolic-acid storage tank of 10,000 gallon capacity is of concrete and located below the floor, as is also the larvacide

storage tank of 3,300 gallons. All other necessary chemicals and the

barreled-finishecl product are stored upon the first floor, being handled by a small one-fourth-ton overhead trolley. Shipping entrance

to the building is from the switch track adjoining the shipping platform, which is reached also by wagons.

nurses' quarters, colon hospital.

The nurses' house is a two^story building, 45 by TO feet, situated

near Colon beach, adjacent to the hospital, and provides quarters for

13 nurses and 2 maids.

The construction is of reinforced concrete columns, girders, and

floor slabs, with walls and partitions of hollow concrete blocks and

with red-tile roof on wood framing. Interior finish is wood floors,

trim, and stairway, white plastered walls and ceilings. The exterior

finish is cement plaster.

A bedroom, 12 by 12 feet, is provided for each person, and contains

a dry closet, lavatory, and built-in medicine cabinet. The rooms are arranged along a directly lighted central corridor, and open onto

connnon-screened cement-floored porches on the front and rear of the

building.

Each floor has a white-tiled toilet, shower, and bathroom, and, in

addition, the building contains a living room, dining room, kitchen,

laundry, and an isolated maid's room with separate toilet and shower.

GATUN DISPENSARY.

This building, 36 by 66 feet and two stories high, is constructed of

a reinforced concrete slab forming the first floor, and the columns

and beams up to the roof are of the same material. All exterior

walls and the first-story interior walls are of hollow blocks, stuccoed

or plastered. The second-story floor is on wood joists, and the interior partitions of this story are wood studs plastered on expanded

metal. The roof is of red Spanish tile on wood framing. The fii-st floor houses the district dispensary, with all the necessary rooms for

patients on both the gold and silver roll, and, with an independent

entrance, the district sanitary department. On the second floor is

the business suite of the district dentist, and one married living

apartment for the district physician.

GATUN HYDROELECTRIC EXTENSION.

The Gatun hydroelectric plant was extended to double its original

size, in the same materials and character of construction as the original building. The dimensions of the new extension are 120 feet by

61 feet 2 inches.

A detailed description of the ecjuipmeut is in the report of the

electrical engineer.
114 THE PANAMA CANAL.

BALBOA GARBAGE INCINERATOR.

This plant consumes the garbage of Panama and the towns at the

Pacific terminal of the canal. It is located on the point of land

formerly known ds Gavilan Island, which extends into the sea near

the Zone line. The structure is 42 feet by 66 feet 6 inches, of reinforced concrete slabs, trams, and columns, with block walls, and red

Spanish tile roof, and is constructed on an irregular rock formation

that was blasted level to receive the building. The concrete chimney,

150 feet high, was built by the firm that contracted to supply and

install the furnace and equipment.

A more extended description of this plant is in the report of the

health department.

The following table shows the buildings on which construction

work was j^erformed during the year

:

PANAMA CANAL BUILDINGS.

Item.

10

1112

13

141516

17

181920

22

23

Description.

Storehouse, lumber^ Balboa

l-family quarters, ( ristobal 4-family quarters, Cristobal 4-family quarters, CristobfJl 12-family silver quarters

Restaurants, Balboa, Ancon, Cris- tobal (Pedro Miguel)

Balboa sbofs' iness building and

rattern-making shop

School buildings, ( ristobal, (iatun,

Pedro M^iguel, Ancon, Balboa

Ancon Hospital, administration

building

Passageway Ancon Hospital

Kitchen arid mess, Ancon IIosi ital. Ancon IIosj ital, group.7 Ancon Hospital, t'roup S

Isolation ward, Ancon Hosiital...

Nurses' home, Ancon Hospital

Garage, Ancon Hospital

Nurses' home, ( olon Hos] ital l.arvacide plant, Ancon

Boiler house, Ancon Hosi I'al Dispensary, Gatun

Cnide-oii tanK, Mount Hope

12-family silver tiuarlers, Balboa...

Tivoli liotel kitchen ' Extension hvdroelectric plant,

Gatun . Office building, dentist and sani- tary insi ector

Incinerator, Gavilan Island Dispensary, Pedro Miguel

Number of buildings

1 25

198

32

4

1

Class

L. 1-story. A. 1-story. A. 2-storv. A. 2-story.

A, 2-story.

.1. 1-slory.

J. 2-story .

1. 1 and 2sl()rv

( '{1:

1 I.

2-story

1-story

L'-story 2-story

2-storv 2.storv

2-story

1-story

2-story

Istofy

]-s1ory

2story

ecial 2-story

2-stor.v

J. 3-story.

I. 2-storv.

J. 2-storv.

1. 2-storv.

Date

started.

Per

cent completed June 30, 1918.

July, 1916 Apr., 1917 Apr., 1917

.-Vpr., 1917 June, 1917

Aug., 1916

leb., 1916

June, 1916

Mar.,

July,

June,

Mar.,

Mar.. June,

Aug.,

June.

t-'ert.. Jan., Nov.,

Aug.,

Jan.. Nov.,

Dec,

1917 1917

1917

191.8 1918

1917

1917

1918

1917 1918

1917

1917 1918

1917

1917

Nov.. 1916

Jan.. 1917

Jan., 1917 Dec, 1913

100

100

100

100 100

96

100

100

100

100

10060

40

100

9.S 50

10050

95

10090

10090

89

100

100

100

Cost to June 30, 1918.

$127,126.03

63, 236. 88

122, 269. 22

52, 497. 04

198, 632. 70

237, 761. 64

58,405.77

435, 194. 15

173, 249. 90 30,366.28

127,831.33

134,682.95

68,330.81

120, 235. 66

125, 235. 87 1,978.84

34,387.51

7,639.21

13,328.65

34, 490. 17

36, 9S6. 42 9,171.57

32, 703. 39

280, .580. 31

25,'*11.91 116,065.92

36,995.61

PANAMA RAILBOAD BUILDINGS.

Ice Plant, Cristobal Slaughter house, Cristobal

12-family silver quarters, Balboa.

Q. 3-storv Q. 3-story A. 2-story

Aug., 1917 June, 1918 Aug., 1917

50

2

100

S397, 930. 96

1,111.48

7,418.04
REPORT OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, BUILDING DIVISION.

ARMY BUILDINGS.

115

Description.

MANZANILLO BAY

Seaplane hangars

Boathouse

Stable Garage

Technical storehouse Machine shop and garage building.

FORT GRANT

Lieutenants' quarters

Lieutenants' bachelor quarters

Band stand

FORT SHERMAN

Headquarters building

Noncommissioned officers' quarters. Field officers' quarters

Lieutenants' quarters

Incinerator

FORT DE LESSEPS

Noncommissioned officers' quarters.

Captains' quarters

Field oflQcers' quarters

Headquarters barracks, storehouse.

Number of buildings.

Glass.

A

A

A

A

M

M

I. 2-story.

I. 2-story.

I. 1-story.

A. 2-story A. 2-story A. 2-story A. 2-story P. 2-story.

1. 2-story.

I. 2-stor5r.

I. 2-storv. L 2-storv

-

Date

started.

Per

cent completed June 30, 1918.

Feb., 1918 Feb., 1918 Feb., 1918 Mar., 1918

Jan., 1918 Feb., 1918

Oct., 1916 Mar., 1917 May, 1917

Oct., 1916 Dec, 1916 Mar., 1917 Mar., 1917 June, 1917

Dec, 1916 Dec, 1916

Jan., 1917

Jan., 1917

85

100

100

100

100

80

100

100

100

100 100

100

100

100

100 100

100

100

Cost to June 30, 1918.

$49,118.91

4, 448. 42

3, 155. 96

2, 514. 09

11,441.28

37, 155. 58

50, 709. 83

33, 322. 90

3, 305. 37

39, 261. 53

39, 062. 35

25, 067. 76

52, 632. 35

9, 859. 33

57, 471. 87

60, 715. 35

43, 242. 32

97, 294. 98

NAVY BUILDINGS

Provision storehouse Coco f-'olo. ..

.

Ordnance workshop and torpedo

storage building.

Shop and power house

Barracks

Barracks and kitchen

Laundry and boiler hoti.'^e , Boathouse

Sick quarters and dispensary

Individual stores build iu.; Dirigible hangar

Hydro generating shed

Barracks

Officers' quarters

I'aymasters'storehoiise

Seaplane hangar

Oil storehouse

Officers' quarters

Officers' mess Commanding officers' quarters

Officers' building

Storage battery and acid store building.

Q. 1-story. M. 1-story.

M.

A.

A.

A.R.

A.

A.R.

A.A

A.A.R.

Q.A.

A.A.A.M.

1-story

.

2-story.

2-story.

1-story.

1-story.

1-story.

1-story.

1-story.

1-story.

2-story.

2-story.

1-story.

1 -story

.

l-stoi\v. 2-story.

2-story.

2-story , 1-story. 1-storv

.

June,
116 THE PANAMA CANAL.

1
KEPOET OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, BUILDING DIVISION. 117

O .I -^

9

o

00

CO
118 THE PANAMA CANAL.

In addition to the work outlined in the above tables, construction

and repair work was performed for the various departments and

divisions.

Respectfully submitted.

H. RowE,

Resident Engineer.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Goven^OT^ The Panama Canal^ Balhoa Heights^ Canal Zone,
LLl H-<
Ill <

o

liJ <

_l
(N

UJ

I-<

Q.

APPENDIX C.

REPORT OF THE RESIDENT ENGINEER, DREDGING DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.

Pakaiso, Canal Zone, July 28, 1918.

Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of operations

in the dredging division during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918:

Division Organization.

From July 1, 1917, to March 31, 1918, the division was divided into

two districts, the first embracing all dredging operations in the Pacific entrance, Miraflores Lake, and Gaillard Cut; the second district,

all dredging operations in the Atlantic entrance and Gatun Lake.

On April 1, 1918, the two districts were consolidated and all dredging operations handled direct from the division headquarters at

Paraiso.

Dredging Plant.

The following dredges and other floating plant were in operation

during the year

:

The seagoing suction dredge Culehra was engaged in deepening

the channel through Gaillard Cut from July 1 to July 20, 1917; in

the service of the supply department as a cattle boat from July 21

to October 8, 1917; salvaging and wrecking operations, steamer

Somerset aground at Old Providence Island from October 9 to 13,

1917 ; maintaining and deepening the Pacific entrance channel and Balboa Harbor, and excavating and transporting sand from Chame Point

from October 14, 1917, to April 3, 1918; salvaging and Avrecking

operations, steamship Grays Harhor aground on Old Providence

Island, April 4 to 10, 1918, and in the service of the supply department as a cattle boat from April 11 to the end of the year.

The 20-inch pipe-line dredge No. 82 was engaged in reclaiming

sand and gravel from the Chagres Eiver above Gamboa, from July

1, 1917, to May 26, 1918, on which date it was permanently retired

from the canal service, towed to Cristobal and turned over to the chief

quartermaster for transfer to the States.

The 20-inch pipe-line dredge No. 83 was engaged during the year

excavating the Coco Solo submarine basin, filling the swamp areas

around Coco Solo, filling at the Navy and Army aviation fields near

Coco Solo and widening the Cristobal approach channel.

119
120 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The 20-inch pipe-line dredge Xo. Si was engaged during the j^ear

excavating the Coco Solo submarine basin, deepening the Atlantic

entrance channel, filling swamp ai'cas at the Navy and Army aviation

fields near Coco Solo, uncovering the submerged oil and water lines across Cristobal Harbor and excavating in the Inner Harbor at

Balboa.

The 20-inch pii^e-line dredge Xo. So was engaged in excavating

Balboa Harbor and maintaining the Pacific entrance channel from

July 1, 1917, to May 15, 1918; and was permanently retired from the

canal service on May 16, 1918, and turned over to the chief quartermaster for transfer to the States.

The 20-inch pipe-line dredge Xo. SO was engaged during the year

in maintaining the channel and removing slides in Gaillard Cut, ex- cavating the Coco Solo submarine basin, filling the Navy and Army

aviation fields near Coco Solo, and reclaiming sand and gravel from

the Chagres Piver above Gamboa.

The 15-yard dipper dredge Cnscadas was operated in the Pacific

entrance channel, excavating rock and hard clay from Balboa Harbor, deepening the channel along the Panama Railroad steel wharf

at Balboa, excavating the submarine basin at Coco Solo, deepening

the channel at the Fort De Lesseps Avharf and widening the Cristobal

approach channel.

The 15-yard dipper dredge Gaiiiboa was operated in Gaillard Cut,

excavating and deepening the channel at Cucaracha, Culebra, and

various other small slides, and at the Paraiso P. I. channel improvement work.

The 15-yard dipper dredge Paraiso was operated throughout the

year in excavating and deepening the channel at Cucaracha, Culebra,

and various other small slides, and at the Paraiso P. I. channel improvement work.

The seagoing ladder dredge Corozal was engaged in excavating

the Balboa Harbor, widening and deepening the Pacific entrance

channel and excavating rock from the oil berths along the old Panama Railroad steel wharf.

The French ladder dredge Marmot w^as engaged in excavating

various small slides, the Tower-R incline, Gamboa dike, and on general maintenance w^ork in Gaillard Cut, deepening the Balboa Inner

Harbor and excavating at the Miraflores P. I. improvement work

near Miraflores locks.

The drill Teredo Xo. 2 was operated during the year at Culebra

and Powderhouse slides in Gaillard Cut, at the dry dock cofferdam,

in Balboa Harbor, and at the old Panama Railroad steel wharf at

Balboa, in the Pacific entrance channel, and at the Miraflores and

Paraiso P. I's channel improvement works.

The hydraulic grader Xo. 1 was engaged during the year ditching

and grading the east and Avest Culebra, Powderhouse, Whitehouse,

Las Cascadas, Buena Vista, and Cucaracha slides, cleaning out the

old drainage ditches and sluicing ahead of drills at Paraiso P. I. improvement work.

The hydraulic graders Xo. 2 and Xo. 3 Avere engaged in sluicing at

east and west Culebra slides and on the high level bank improvement

work at Rio Grande and north of Contractors Hill.
REPORT OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, DREDGING DWISION. 121

The floating air compressor No. 27 was operated from July 11,

1917, to January 12, 1918, supplying air to the drills at work on the

high level bank improvement work north of Contractors Hill, was

retired from service from January 13, 1918, to April 9, 1918, was

placed in commission again on April 10, 1918, and operated to supply

air for the drills at w^ork at the Paraiso P. I. improvement w'ork to

the end of the year.

The United States tug Reliance sunk off the west breakw^ater at

Cristobal on December 27, 1916, was floated and towed to the Cristobal dry dock on July 13, 1917, where it was overhauled and again

placed in commission on August 19, 1917.

Of the 10 tugboats in the dredging service on July 1, 1917, 3 have

been transferred to the marine division, 1 to the States, and 1 to

the Navy. On June 30, 1918. the division was operating 5 tugboats

and 2 steam launches in dredging, and sand and gravel service.

A total of 20 launches, including the watch boats Sir-i and Pequeni^

inspection boats Search and Patrol, and the steam launch Hyacinth,,

were in operation on July 1, 1917. During the year the Pequcni,

Patrol, and G smaller launches were retired or transferred to other

departments.

The following table shows the number of days the dredges were

retired from dredging service for repairs, alterations, or on detached

service

:

Table No. 1.

Nnmhcr of (hiu-s (Jicihivs were retired from drcdnin;/ service.

Dredge.
122 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 2.

Output of all dredges, with total atid unit eosts.

Dredge.
EEPORT OP RESIDENT ENGINEER, DREDGING DIVISION. 123

Table No. 4.

Yardage removed from Gaillard Cut, Gamioa Dike to Pedro

Miguel locks.

Month and year.
124 THE PANAMA CANAL.

At the close of the past fiscal year there remained to be removed

from the canal prism, including siltage, slides, and original material,

3,337,640 cubic yards of earth and 834,000 cubic yards of rock.

The following table shows the classification and location of all

yardage remaining to be removed from the canal prism on June

30, 1918:

Table No. 7.Yardage remaining to he removed from the canal prism.

Location.
BEPORT OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, DREDGING DIVISION. 125

Table No. 8.

Distribution of material removed from GaiUard Cut.

Location.

Fiscal year.

Earth.

3,235

5,470

2,525

40

Gamboa Dike

Tower " R'' incline Hout Obispo slide, west Buena Vista slide, west

Cascadas slide, east Whitchouse slide^ east ^ _ , , -,v^ Powderhouse sliae, east | s, S60 La Pita (lower) slide, east j Empire slide, east i 12,600

Division Office slide, west ! Lirio slide, west ] Culebra, new slide, east and

west 1 144, 202 Culebra, old slide, east and west -' Contractors Hill, north , 13, 800

65-foot berni, west Cucaracha slide, east Contractors Hill slide, west

Paraiso Incline, east Paraiso P. L, west 21,100

Pedro Miguel slide, east Miscellaneous 3 1 346, 667

42, 129 6,400

Total 619,728

Rock.

6,400

83,505

16,300

5,900

27,085

7,350

88,670

6,280

32,400

1,093,775

139,600

47, 700

105,080

28,100

20,300

81,000

Total,

Total to date.

Earth.

6,400

83,505

3,235

5,470

18,825

8,640

35,945

7,350

101,270

6,280

32, 400

1,237,977

153,400

47, 700 147,209

34,500

20, 300

102, 100

6,100 352, 767

1,795,545 2,405,273

23,856

3,235

5,470

2,525

9,928

39, 768

23,945

990'

1,677,799

28,449

13,800

1,464,906

6,400

21,100

1,956

2,853,578

6,177,705

Rock.

59, 505 83,505

32,670

17,132

57,992

59,803

206,217

6,280

69,080

21,730,301

1,061,337

139,600

73,430

4,364,546

28, 100 20,300

81,000

7,254

157, 860

28,255,912

Total.

83,361

83,505

3,235

5,470

35, 195 27,060

97, 760 59,803

230, 162 6,280

70,070

23, 408, 100 1,089,786

153,400

73, 430 5,829,452

34,500

20,300

102, 100 9,210

3,011,438

34,433,617

1 Since Oct. 14, 1914. 2 Prior to Oct. 14, 1914. 3 Small slides and fills in the canal.

Cucaracha slide, which had been quite active during a part of the

past year, has been fairly quiescent throughout the year and at no

time has it been a menace to the safe navigation of the canal. A

total of 5,829,452 cubic yards has. been removed from this slide to

date by dredges.

Culebra slide has been more or less active throughout the year but

the channel has been maintained at all times and no delays to shipping occurred. The slide areas have not materially increased durinor the year. There has been removed from the Culebra slides to

date by dredges a total of 24,4:97,880 cubic yards of material, and it

is estimated that 1,000,000 cubic yards more Avill have to be removed

before slides become permanently quiescent.

The west bank of the canal between Contractors Hill and West

Culebra slide, which was fioni 280 to 310 feet in elevation, Avas considered a menace to canal navigation, as a slide, which threatened to

occur at any time, would probaUy have closed the canal to navigation for a considerable period of time. A project for reducing the

slope and weight of this bank was approved, which involved the re- moval of 241,000 cubic yards of material. There were 87,(300 cubic

yards removed by steam shovel from the higher levels; 153,400 cubic

yards were sluiced down and removed by dredges and 158,255 cubic

yards, too hard for the graders to handle, were drilled and shot before grading. The entire project was completed within the year.

The smaller slides have been semiquiescent during the year and at

no time have they given serious trouble or in any way affected the

channel.

The passage of commercial shipping through the canal was not

delayed nor suspended at any time during the year by the slides in

GaiUard Cut.
126 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Drag surveys were made daily in the vicinity of all active slides,

and all lumps or shoals found were immediately removed by the

dredges.

DUMPS.

The material removed from the Atlantic entrance was deposited

in the swamp lands west of the canal at Mindi.

The spoil from (laillard Cut was. disposed of on dumps located in

Gatun Lake from Tabernilla, mile 24, to Mamei, mile 27. in the Rio

Grande Valley south of Cucaracha, and in jSIiraflores Lake. There

were 2,038,877 cubic yards dumped in Gatun Lake, 335,096 yards in

the Rio Grande Valley, and 11,300 cubic yards in Miraflores Lake.

Dredge No. 86 rehandled 11,300 cubic yards.

The material excavated in the Pacific entrance was deposited in

the swamp along the west bank of the canal opposite Balboa and on

the sea dump located to the westward of the canal entrance in Panama Bay. There were 117,700 cubic yards deposited in the swamp

along the west bank, and 799,155 cubic yards on the sea dump.

SUBAQUEOUS ROCK EXCAVATIONS.

During the year 2,123,685 cubic yards of liard and soft rock were

removed from th<^ canal prism and Balboa Harbor as follows: 160,-

565 cubic yards from the Pacific entrance channel; 1,093,775 cubic

yards from Culebra slide; 105,080 cubic yards from Cucaracha

slide; 218,185 cubic yards from various small slides; 139,600 cubic

yards from the bank improvement work north of Contractors Hill

;

6,400 cubic yards from Gamboa Dike; 83.505 cubic yards from

Tower-R incline; 20,300 cubic yards from Paraiso incline; -47,700

cubic yards from the 65-foot berm ; 81,000 cubic yards from the Paraiso P. I. improvement work; 14,600 cubic yards from Miraflores

P. I. improvement work; 141,020 cubic ^^ards from Balboa Harbor,

and 11,955 cubic yards from in front of the Panama Railroad steel

wharf at Balboa.

Of this amount, 75,578 cubic yards were drilled and blasted by

the drillboat Teredo No. 2, and 230,697 cubic yards by well and tripod

drills at Culebra slide and the Paraiso P. I. 299,704 pounds of dynamite were used during the year by the Teredo No. 2, well and tripod

drills, by dredges in dobying large rocks and on other small jobs.

The following tables show the location, feet drilled, area covered,

theoretical breakage, and costs of all rock mined by the Teredo No. 2^

well and tripod power drills:

Table No. 9.Mining—Performance of drill boat " Teredo No. 2."

Month.
f

BEPORT OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, DREDGING DIVISION. 127

Table No. 9.Mining—Performance of drill hoat " Teredo No. 2

"—Continued.

Month.
128 THE PANAMA CANAL.

300,710 cubic yards of earth and 408,438 cubic yards of rock from the

submarine base at Coco Solo; 3,000 cubic yards of earth from Coco

Solo Harbor ; 828.400 cubic yards of sand and 216,900 cubic yards of

rock from borrow pits, and 2,600 cubic yards of earth from alongside wharf at the Fort De Lesseps.

All material excavated was disposed of as follows: 421,148 cubic

yards in sanitary fills and the aviation field at Coco Solo; 764,800

cubic yards in the Army aviation fields; 585,100 cubic yards on the

toes of the east and submarine breakwater fills; 21,700 cubic yards

in sanitary fills near the coaling station, and 2,600 cubic yards on the

Cristobal mole.

PACIFIC TERMINALS.

There w^ere 1,166,693 cubic yards of earth and 152,975 cubic yards

of rock removed from the Pacific terminals as follows : 1,160,068 cubic

yards of earth and 95,765 cubic yards of rock from the Balboa Inner

Harbor; 1,700 cubic yards of earth and 45,255 cubic yards of rock

from the dry-dock cofferdam, and 4,925 cubic yards of earth and

11,955 cubic yards of rock from the oil dock berths.

This material was disposed of as follows: 683,000 cubic yards ex- cavated by pipe line dredges were used in reclaiming swamp lands

east of the Corozal-Panama Road ; 636,668 cubic yards excavated by

seagoing suction, ladder, and dipper dredges were towed to sea and

deposited on the sea dump. In addition, 4,713 cubic yards of material

were rehandled by pipe line dredges and placed in swamp fills.

Sand and Gravel Production.

The sand and gravel necessary for construction purposes was ex- cavated by pipe line dredges .Yo. 8:2 and No. 86 from the gravel beds

in the overflow district of the Chagres River above Gamboa, and by

the seagoing dredge Culehra at Chame Point on the Pacific coast.

There Avere 47,345 cubic yards of sand, 10,625 cubic yards of No. 1

gravel, 45,737 cubic yards of No. 2 gravel, and 200,641 cubic yards of

run-of-bank gravel excavated from the Chagres River and delivered

to the gravel plant and stock piles at Gamboa. In addition, the

dredge Culehra excavated 8,800 cubic yards of sand at Chame Point,

of which 4,087 cubic yards were delivered at the Gamboa gravel plant,

and 4,713 cubic yards unfit for use were dumped in Balboa Harbor

and rehandled by dredge No. 85.

Diversions and Drainage.

The ditches diverting the Avater of the Obispo diversion into the

canal were cleaned of grass and small earth slides. Ditches were

maintained at east and Avest Culebra, Cucaracha, and all other smaller

slides by the hydraulic graders to provide the necessary drainage for

surface and storm waters AA'hich AA'ould otherAvise collect in pools and

keep the sliding material constantly saturated, thereby tending to

accelerate its movement toAvard the canal.

Slide Inspection and Reports.

Inspections AA'ere made of all slide areas from time to time, new

breaks reported, and drainage conditions noted.
REPORT OF RESIDENT ENGINEER, DREDGING DIVISION. 129

MiNDi Dikes and Groins.

The rock and timber dikes and groins in Mindi Beach, south of

Limon B;iy. have been successfully maintained throughout the year.

No new dikes or groins have been built, and only minor repairs have

been necessary to those previously constructed.

The erosion of the beach, which in past years had been as much as 88 feet annually, has been practically stopped and during the past

year the only noticeable change was where the beach had filled or

eroded slightly in the gradual adjusting of the sands into a uniform

shore line.

Water Hyacinths.

Regular monthly inspections Avere made of the waters of the canal,

Gatun Lake, and tributaries. All hyacinths found were destroyed

either by spraying with an arsenic solution or b}' hand pulling where

the plants were young and scattered.

No new beds of old plants were found, but great difficulty was

ex]ierienced in keeping the old beds of previous years clean, as the

water grasses, lettuce, and other plants, matted up with the logs and

debris from the dead timbers in the overflowed areas, made it most

difficult for the woi-l^men to thoroughly cover the area. There were

328,8r)i) s(juare yards of hyacinths killed by arsenic spraying, and

564,132 young plants pulled and deposited on shore. So far as is

known, no plants were allowed to seed or grow to maturity during

the year.

Surveys.

The usual progress surveys were made of the dredged areas in the

canal prism. Cristobal Harbor, Coco Solo. Limon Bay, Gaillard

Cut, Miraflores Lake, and Balboa Harbor.

Topographic surveys were made of Culebra and Cucaracha slides,

and maps prepared.

The points established at the request of the chairman of the slide

commission on Gold, Zion, and Contractors Hills were checked from

time to time to determine any movement or indication of sliding.

The test borings being made at the site of the proposed dry dock at

Cristobal were completed, profiles plotted, data tabulated, and report

made.

Office.

Eoutine clerical work, preparation of progress records, estimates,

requisitions, etc., were satisfactorily performed during the year.

Respectfully submitted.

J. M. Pratt,

Superintendent of Dredging.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Governor, The Panama Canal, Balboa Heights, Canal Zo)ie.

GAILLARD CUT. LOOKING NORTH FROM CONTRA r AND WEST bank;

GAILLARD CUT, LOOKING SOUTH, SHOWING CONDITIONS ON WEST BANK, JUNE, 191



Plate 26.

IBOO IftOO I400 irOO lOOO 800 GOO 400 UJC TOO 400 GOO BOO lOOO IZOO 14O0

CAST CUt-CBHA SUQE

ItST CULEBR* SLIDE

APPENDIX D.

REPORT or THE MARINE SUPERINTENDENT, MARINE DIVISION,

DEPARTMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.

Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, July £9, 1918.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations of the marine division for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918

:

On August 15, 1917, Lieut. John G. Fels, U. S. N. K. F., and Lieut.

Charles Svensson, U. S. N. E. F., were appointed captain of the port

at Cristobal and Balboa, respectively, vice Lieut. Commander P. P.

Bassett, United States Navy, and Lieut. Commander A. B. Eeed,

United States Navy, detached from Panama Canal service. Under

date of March 19, 1918, Lieuts. Fels and Svensson, were promoted to

the grade of lieutenant commander, U. S. N. E. F.

Commander H. I. Cone, United States Navy, marine superintendent, was detached from Panama Canal service on August 21,

1917, from which date until January 23, 1918, the office was administered under the direct supervision of the Governor, The 'Panama

Canal. On January 24, 1918, Commander L. E. Sargent, United

States Navy, was appointed marine superintendent, in addition to

his other duties as commander, naval forces. Canal Zone, and commandant, fifteenth naval district.

Canal Pilot Fred Kariger continued throughout the year in charge

of the lighthouse subdivision (aids to navigation).

Additions to the complement of pilots and changes in assignment

were made as found necessary. By arrangement with the local

naval establishment, pilots belonging to the Naval Eeserve were

ordered, in appropriate number, to active naval duty, and in that

capacity were employed as mine field pilots, under the joint cognizance of the naval patrol and the marine division (captains of the

ports). Eesults of this procedure, adopted to meet peculiar requirements incident to a state of war, have been satisfactory.

A new concrete boathouse between Piers Nos. 7 and 8, Cristobal,

was placed in service under the captain of the port on March 1, 1918,

replacing temporary shed between Piers Nos. 1 and 2, Colon.

The floating equipment of the division has been augmented by

three launches and a new hull has been supplied for an engine previously installed in a launch recently condemned. Effects of service

have become noticeable in the case of certain launches of the older

equipment, forecasting the necessity of replacement, and the preeminent fitness for local requirements has become increasingly apparent in the case of certain types of small craft—both as to engines

131

86372°—18 10
132 THE PANAMA CANAL.

and hulls, as contrasted with other types that have been found less

successful under test to date. The necessity of a consistent and

progressive practice of standardization in that regard is apparent.

Cooperation in the effort of The Panama Canal to contribute to

the limit of its resources to the needs of the military and naval

branches of the Government in the existing exigency has reduced

the marine division's complement of tugs somewhat below a conservative minimum. Adjustment is in progress. It is considered

necessary to maintain at each terminal port at least two seagoing

tugs.

Circular No. 660-33, dated August 1, 1917, has served a useful

purpose in defining and strengthening the coordination in the offices

of the port captains of the authority and obligations incident to the

control and service of shipping.

The enforcement of bunker license regulations has been delegated

to the marine division. The marine superintendent and both port

captains have been designated special agents of the Bureau of Transportation, War Trade Board, performing their functions in that

capacity under the direction of the Governor, who represents the War

Trade Board.

Executive order, dated May 28, 1918, authorizes the Governor of

The Panama Canal to exercise in the Canal Zone the powers mentioned in section 1, Title II, of the espionage act, approved June 15,

1917 (anchorage, movement, searching, etc., of vessels). Pending

the approval of " Rules and Regulations " submitted to the President, the marine division has represented the Governor in the immediate ex&rcise of these powers along the same general lines as defined in Circular No. 660-33 of August 1, 1917.

(Note.—" Hules and Regulations," confirming the above, were approved by

the President on July 9, 1918.)

Arrangements have been made with the local naval establishment

for the furnishing of " naval port guards " to safeguard vessels during canal transit and while in terminal ports, and similarly to safeguard canal utilities from enemy activities initiated on shipboard.

The combination of the duties of marine superintendent in the same

person with those of commandant, fifteenth naval district (Canal

Zone), has tended to facilitate legitimate arrangements of this character and their subsequent administration.

STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE.

The details of the operations of the board of local inspectors for

the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918, are covered in the report of that

board, which follows:

Report of Boabd of Local Inspectors.

On August 7, 1917, Lieut. Commander John G. Fels, U. S. N. R. F.. was appointed chaii'man, and Lieut. Commander Charles Svensson, U. S. N. R. F., was

made junior member, relieving Commanders P. P. Bassett and A. B. Reed, United

States Navy, respectively, soon thereafter detached from canal service. Since the

departure of Mr. James Macfarlane from the Isthmus on March 30, 1918, no

appointment was made to the position of engineer member ; Mr. John Ross

acted in that capacity from Februai'y 6, until his resignation from the canal

service on May 21, 1918.
EEPOET OF SUPERINTENDENT, MARINE DIVISION. 133

With a view to the preservation of life and property and the nplceep of the

plant under all conditions, an inspection was made of the floating equipment

of the canal and railroad, the report thereof was approved, and the heads of

divisions interested were notified to make their equipment conform thereto.

Annual inspections M'ere made and certificates of seaworthiness issued to 4

American steamers, 19 foreign steamers, 46 motor boats of The Panama Canal,

3 motor boats of the Panama Railroad Company, and 63 privately owned

motor boats.

With a view to determining the alterations necessary to fit them for safe

voyages overseas, inspections and reports were made on the following pieces

of canal equipment : Tugs TJ. S. Miraflores and U. S. La Boca, dredges V. S. 4

U. S. 82, and V. S. 85, and barges U. S. 26 and U. S. 28.

Tugs [7^. S. Reliance and [/. S. Porto BeUo were inspected in order to determine what changes will be necessary in order to fit them for occasional off- shore service without lessening their value for canal work.

Various small craft on survey requests were inspected and disposition recom- mended.

Inspection and hydrostatic tests were made of 73 boilers on floating equipment of the canal and railroad, and the heads of divisions interested were

furnished reports and certificates thereof.

On requests from the several heads of divisions, inspections and appraisals

were made from time to time of floating plant for sale and transfer.

Licenses were issued to 27 pilots, 2.5 masters, 28 mates, 32 engineers, 102

operators of motor boats, and 673 chauffeurs.

Licenses were refused 1 pilot, 1 master, 4 mates, 4 engineers, 44 operators of

motor boats, and 304 chauffeurs.

The licenses of 1 operator of motor boats and 9 chauffeurs were revoked.

The grade of 1 motor-boat operator's license was raised.

ADMEASUREMENT OF VESSELS AND APPLICATION OF TOLLS.

No report from the marine division would be complete that failed

to reiterate the comments contained in previous reports relative to

the desirability of adopting the Panama Canal rules as the sole

criterion in determining tonnage for the purpose of computing Panama Canal tolls. Discrimination as between individual vessels as well as between vessels of various nationalities (with particular prejudice to United States vessels), together with serious loss of revenue

to the United States, results from the present alternative method, and

will continue as long as that method is tolerated. Careful and sus- tained study on the part of this divisign has failed to reveal just

ground for its tolerance. Eemedial legislation is recommended.

Tolls collected under existing alternative rules of measurement

amounted to $6,439,083.99. Had all tolls been based upon Panama

Canal rules alone, the amount collected would have been $7,522,195.68

;

increasing the revenue from this source- by $1,085,111.69;

The total number of ships making the transit of the canal during

the fiscal year in seagoing traffic was 2,130. The aggregate gross

and net tonnage of these ships, according to the rules of measurement

for The Panama Can-al, were' 9,371,339 a-nd 6,658, 858 tons, re- spectively.

The cargo carried through the canal amounted to 7,562,133 tons of

2,240 pounds.

Ships making the passage of the canal without cargo, including

naval ships and pleasure craft which did not carry cargo, as well

as merchant ships in ballast, aggregated 509. Of these, 299 were

in transit from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and 210 from the Pacific

to the Atlantic ; net tonnages were 802,271 and 427,107, respectively.
134 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The average net tonnage of all ships was 3,126 tons. The average

net tonnage of the ships carrying cargo was 3,242 tons. The average

loading of the ships with cargo was 3,681 tons of 2,240 pounds.

The ratio of tons of cargo to net tonnage of ships with cargo

was 1.336. As distributed over the aggregate of traffic for each of

the 6,658,858 net tons that passed through the canal, there were

handled 1.13 tons of cargo.

Statistics of seagoing traffic through the canal are presented in

attached tables Nos. 1 and 2.

Respectfully,

L. R. Sargent,

Marine Superintendent.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Governor, The Panama Canal, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone.
EEPOKT OF SUPERINTENDENT, MARINE DIVISION. 135
136 THE PANAMA CANAL.

•1b:>ox
Report of superintendent, marine division. 137

APPENDIX E.

REPOET or THE SUPERINTENDENT, MECHANICAL DIVISION.

Balboa, Canal Zone, July 18, 1918.

Sir: Complying with instructions of your circular letter of May

3, 1918, I submit herewith the following report relative to the operations of the mechanical division for the fiscal year ended June 30,

1918.

ORGANIZATION.

The general organization of the division remained essentially the

same as obtained at the close of the last fiscal year, except for Paraiso

shops which were closed down, effective August 25, 1917, owing to

the constantly decreasing amount of repairs for the dredging division, and the force absorbed by Balboa and Cristobal shops with the

exception of two or three men who requested their discharge.

Effective March 15, 1918, Mr. William J. Daglish, as the result of

competitive examination, was assigned as general foreman of the

Cristobal shops, vice Mr. W. H. Stone, who resigned to accept a commission in the Corps of Engineers for service in France.

Effective June 14, 1917, Mr. William J. Auten was appointed

mechanical engineer, vice Mr. A. L. Bell, who resigned to accept

appointment with the United States Shipping Board.

The chief draftsman at Balboa shops resigned, effective July 20,

1917, and the amount and character of drafting work has been such

that this position has not been refilled.

The chief clerk of the mechanical division, Mr. F. G. Swanson,

resigned and, effective April 11, 1918, Mr. R. H. Adams, United

States requisition clerk, was appointed in his stead with duties of the

two positions combined.

Effctive October 1, 1917, the electrical forces of the mechanical

division were transferred to the electrical division, with the ex- ception of the retention of two electricians at Balboa shops and two

electricians at Cristobal shops for the maintenance of plant work.

WAR ACTIVITIES.

The following comments are made relative to the war as a factor

in the life of the division.

(1) Notwithstanding the fact that there has been no draft registration on the Canal Zone, numerous employees have registered while

on vacation in the States and several have resigned to enter the

139
140 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Army ; 30 ex-employees of the division became service men and also

doubtless a considerable number more of those resigning of whose

whereabouts this office has no laiowledge.

(2) This division has actively participated in Libert}^ loan rallies,

and its employees have for the most part made liberal subscriptions

to the Liberty loans and contributed regularly (by pay roll deduction) to the Bed Cross.

(3) For alleged disloyal expression, the Governor's office ordered

the discharge of a small number of employees of the division' with

objection to their reemployment for the duration of the war.

(4) A greatly increased amount of work has been perfonned for

the Army and Navy.

WAR WORK.

During this fiscal year the efforts of the division have been directed iDarticularly toward the "war work" requested of it. a separate report of which has already been submitted, the principal

items of which are as follows:

(1) Construction of a Coast Guard cutter for the Navy and various small craft and two troop cars for transporting troops and

supplies for the Army.

(2) Overhauling, changing gauge, and preparing for shipment

numerous locomotives, flat cars, dump cars, rock barges, tugs, locomotive cranes, steam shovels, etc.

(3) Repairs to a damaged transport.

(4) Repairs and convereion of a large steamer into a troop transport.

(5) The manufacture of a large number of anchors for the Navy at a price of from- 7 to 8 cents per pound less than could be obtained

from private manufacturers in the United States, with earlier delivery than was obtainable in the United States.

(6) Manufacture of large steel castings for the Navy.

(7) Manufacture- of about 60,000 linear feet of boat fenders of

almendra native wood for use on all the small boats of 'the Navy.

(8) The cutting and shipping of over 15,000 feet of seasoned

lignum-vitoe from the Gatun Lake area for use on the new ships

being constructed.

(9) Work of greater or less extent on over 50' naval vessels, indicating that these shops* fill a ne^d toward maintaining naval units in

thoroughly first-class service- ready for the emergencies of war.

PRINCIPAL WORK PERFORMED.

The items of work mentioned above under " war work " together

with the folloAving constituted the principal items of work carried

on during the year by the mechanical division.

At Cristobal, overhauling the tug Relimwe (which was sunk at

Colon breakwater and later floated), including overhaul of boilers,

rebuilding engines, replacing pilot house which was entirely gone,

and renewing all the wood in the deck, deck house, and fenders

which Avere destroyed by the teredo worms, the tug being put in commission in 30 working days after the work commenced; overhauling

of the tugs La Boca and Mirajlores ; the tugs La Boca and Mira-
BEPOET OF SUPERINTENDENT, MECHANICAL DIVISION. 141

flores being shipped to the United States for the Army. The tug

Mariner was overhauled and is in use by the Navy Department on

the Isthmus. Miscellaneous work was performed on a large number

of commercial steamships, including those of the Panama Railroad

Steamship Line.

At Balboa important items of work were: Eepairs to six submarines of the Chilean Navy; alterations and repairs to the cargocarrying boat Caribhean; extensive overhauling and converting of

the tug La Boca into an oil burner from a coal burner ; converting

the Cidehra from a dredge into a cattle-carrying boat for the supply

department in five days' time ; repairs to damaged bow of the steamship Republic^ working 24 hours a day, the ship being at the plant

from February 2 to 26; repairs to the French schooners Divmude

and Santa Elena^ including general overhaul of the engines ; the construction of a 33-foot motor sailing launch for the supply department, two 31-foot launches for the Canal Zone police department,

and one 28-foot launch for the health department: about 70 locomotives, 5 steam shovels, 400 flat cars, 30 Eodger ballast cars, and

30 dump cars overhauled and shipped from the Isthmus for the

Alaskan Engineering Commission and private firms.

The following canal equipment was in dry dock for repairs either

at Cristobal or Balboa dry dock during the year: Dredges 5^, 85^

83, 86, Chagres, Cascadas, Cidebra, Corozal, Gamhoa, Marmot,

Paraiso; barges %, 3, 13, 16, 17, 19, 26, 36, 47, 82, 86, 91, 96, 106. 131,

133, 136, m, l-W, 11^1, IJfi, 156, 157, 159, 161, 171; scows 108, 117,

119, 122, 123; tugs Porto BeUo, Chame, Engineer, MirafjOres, De

Lesseps, La Valley, BoMo, La Boca and Mariner.

The total number of vessels other than tugs, barges and dredges

worked on at Balboa and Cristobal shops during the year was 466.

One of the largest marine jobs performed during the year at

Balboa shops was on the steamship Ancon, of the Panama Railroad

Steamship Line. This ship was given a thorough- overhaul, involving the installation of new boilers, and extensive structural repairs

to inner bottom, floors, and bulkheads throughout ship. All work

was completed with practically no overtime in a period, of four

months, at a cost of approximately $400,000.

On account of the very high prices of lumber from the States and

difficulties of arranging transportation, the native lumber field has

been developed, and during the present fiscal year nearly 2,000,000

feet b. m. of lumber have been ol3tained from the jungles and sawn

into serviceable lumber. At the close of the fiscal year the new bandsaw mill was turning out an average of about 12,000 feet of lumber

daily. Following are some of the more prominent native woods

which have proven very satisfactory substitutes for oak, pine, fir,

etc.. and which have been obtained in quantities: Almendra, alcavu,

alcareto, belario, bateo, caoba blanca, maria, and roble.

RESULTS ACCOaiPLISHED.

This division has" been successful in its efforts to encourage individuals and companies to bring their work to this plant, as indicated

by the increased number of vessels on which work has been performed. An arrangement has been made whereby all major repairs

on ships of the Panama Railroad Steamship Line will be made in

the future on the Isthmus.
142 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Within the division progress has been made along the following

lines:

(1) It lifis been found possible to reduce the organization by about 130

positions on the gold roll, which positions were abolished ; and the actual

working force, gold and silver, has been reduced by about 500 during the year.

(2) The hours of clerks and draftsmen employed in the office building con- tinued to be seven hours per diem.

(3) Effective October 1 and May 1, the wages of silver employees were

raised ; and material increases in gold wages were also made, effective July 1,

1917, September 24, November 16, and May 1, 1918.

(4) A further reduction in direct labor surcharge to 25 per cent to apply on work performed for The Panama Canal and Panama Railroad was effected

October 1, the surcharge on work for individuals and companies continuing

to be 35 per cent. Statement relative to the nature of this surcharge was

included in last year's report.

(5) A modern lunch room was installed at Balboa shops at a cost of about

$35,000. It has a seating capacity of 250. During the past year the average

number of men at the noon meal has been 200, and the average cost of the

meals 32 cents. (6) Rearrangements have been made in the office to obtain greater efficiency.

The planning section was placed on the first floor Instead of the second floor,

thus bringing it in more convenient touch with the main office and with the

shops and the public. The personnel section and the general file section have

been united into one filing division under one head.

(7) The shops at Balboa have been inclosed with a steel paling fence, and

entrance and exit of employees and other authorized persons are concentrated

at the main entrance to the plant ; here an employment office has been established for the employment of all silver labor, which office provides a means for

keeping unauthorized men out of the shops and precludes the annoyance to foremen of constant applications from the unemployed and also provides a convenient medium of exchange or adjustment of labor between one shop and another.

(8) A "safety-first" campaign has been successfully canned on during the

fiscal year ; during which time there were 493 injuries and 1 death from accident in the forces of the division. During the previous fiscal year 746 injuries

and 2 accidental deaths were reported.

(9) The old and unsightly Panama Railroad shed covering Pier No. 15 was

removed and the space made available as repair wharves.

(10) The old terminal construction building at the northwest end of Dry Dock

'No. 1 was renovated and now consists of a rigging and sail loft, a garage, and

outside tool room.

(11) Extension of the roof over the west end of foundry building No. 12

was made; and the north end of building No. 2, used as a copper shop, pipe

shop, and tin shop, was extended to avoid a crowded condition and now the

work is carried on in three separate shops instead of in a combined shop as

previously.

(12) An extension of the car shop was recently completed for the use of the

cabinetmakers, and machines installed there, including scraper, scraper-grinder,

planer, universal saw, and woodworker, all purchased in the United States;

also the following transferred from Paraiso and from the machine shop, Balboa—bolt cutter, furnace (oil), punch and shear, axle lathe, wheel press,

boring mill, and triple valve-testing machine.

(13) Owing to great difficulty in getting the parts for ears from the sawmill,

which is now engaged mostly in carrying on marine work, it was decided to shift the machinery in connection with car-building work from the sawmill and

locate it in the east end of the lumber shed, building No. 10, which is in close

proximity to the car shop. All wood work for cars is being carried on there at

the present time. The following machines were transferred to building No.

10 : Timber sizer, tenoner, .gainer, mortiser, ripsaw.

(14) In addition to the machines referred to above as having been installed

in the car department, the following equipment has been purchased and installed during the year at Balboa shops : A pipe-bending machine for the sheetmetal shop; bending rolls and plate planer installed in the boiler shop; a bandsaw mill with capacity for center-splitting hardwood logs 48 inches in diameter

by 60 feet long, complete with motor and transmission equipment.

(15) To sui)plemcnt the electric-driven air compressors, at Balboa shops, a 2,500 cubic foot steam-driven air compressor has been transferred from the
REPOKT OF SUPERINTENDENT, MECHANICAL DIVISION. 143

power plant (building No. 14) at the north end of the dry dock and Installed

in the air-compressor plant (building No. 29) near the south end of the dry

dock, and these two buildings connected through a tunnel with a 6-inch steam

line. The steam-driven air compressor is an independent unit, capable in

emergency of furnishing sufficient compressed air for all needs of the dry dock

repair work and forge shop.

(16) At the Cristobal shops repairs were made to the dry dock gates, involving building a cofferdam to enable repairs to be made.

(17) The following equipment has been purchased during the year and installed at the Cristobal shops : Pipe threading and cutting machine, power hack

saw, 14-incli drill press, and an electric welding machine.

NEEDS FOR THE COMING FISXTAL TEAR.

The principal needs of the division for the coming year, exchisive

of those for Avhich estimates have ah^eady been snbmitted covering

purchase of additional machine tool equipment, are the following:

(1) The construction at Balboa and Cristobal of additional quarters for

gold and silver employees, the lack of which is a serious handicap toward maintaining an efficient force. This recommendation was made a year ago and is renewed.

(2) The construction of new shops and dry dock facilities at Cristobal.

This was also recommended in last year's report, to which report attention is

invited in this connection.

(3) Further development and study of native woods, including a study of

methods for reducing the cost of handling to make the business as profitable as possible, and a more thorough cruise and study of the country with a view

to enlarging the sources of supply.

(4) Adoption of a better system of identification for employees than that

furnished by the identification metal check now in use. Attached- hereto are plates and tables as follows showing the va- rious phases of the operation of the mechanical division for the fiscal

year 1918

:

Plate No. 27. Showing the classes of work and source of revenue. Plate No. 28. Showing the gross overhead expense percentage of the Balboa

shops compared with the total direct labor charges.

Plate No. 29. Showing development of shop work for outsiders concurrent

with the decrease of canal and Panama Railroad work since the official opening

of The Panama Canal.

Table No. 1. Abstract of expenditures.

Table No. 2. Statement of overtime work performed, showing the per cent

of the total pay roll. Table No." 3. Force report.

Table No. 4. Statement of foundry outputs.

Table No. 5. Expenditures and output of the oxyacetylene plant.

Table No. 6. Operation of Panama Canal dry docks.

Table No. 7. Number of repairs to rolling stock.

Table No. 8. Statement of hostling costs. Table No. 9. Amounts of completed work and for whom performed.

Table No. 10. Comparative statement of work performed by shops at Balboa.

EespectfuUy submitted.

E. D. GateWOOD,

Superintendent^ Mechanical Division.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Governor^ The Panama Canal^ Balboa Heights, Canal Zone.
144 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 1.Abstract of expenditures.

Month. Labor. Material. Other

expense.

Total.

BALBOA SHOPS.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

191S. January

February

March

April

May

June

Total

Average per month this year Average per month last year

CRISTOBAL SHOPS.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. January

February

March. .'. April

May

June

Total Average per month this year Average per month last year

TOTAL.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. January

February

March

April

May

June

Total

Average per month this year Average per month last year

.$165,897.70

162, 220. 87 149,599.66

155,606.19

141,866.20

161,637.99

174,466.38

150,062.39

185,859.64

170,847.90

175,052.13

168,950.55

$126,869.38

197,022.06

1.35,036.50 139,974.29

139,581.45

174,261.68

151,866.89

162,218.31

144,922.94

108,916.67

156, 672. 49

105, 178. 62

$18,496.20

14,946.95

16, 203. 77

15, 188. 20 19,191.39

13, 133. 11

27, 441. 82 27,593.82

28,946.20

22,056.21

18,111.24

31,209.37

$311,263.28

374, 189. 88 300,840.02

310, 768. 68

300, 639. 04 349,032.78

353,775.09

339,874.52

359,728.78

301,820.78

349,835.86

305,338.54

1,962,067.60

163,505.63

150,140.51

1,742,521.37

145,210.11

145,246.55

252,518.28

21,043.19

19,091.89

3,957,107.25

329,758.93

314,478.95

57,251.90

49, 167. 80

47, 287. 19

40, 239. 80 43,368.51

46, 192. 10

39,267.92

34, 639. 24 46,571.78

38,995.52

41,010.13

36,530.33

28, 367. .32 23,744.05

26,657.36

13,915.11

19,160.34

13,846.25

15,985.89

18,030.93

27,194.55

25, 656. 08

25, 104. 77 14,897.30

4,386.89

14,103.43

9,331.66

924.20

4,458.26

6,822.99

3, 758. 34 1,238.88

4,339.72

5, 164. 85 967.76

3,369.00

90,006.11

87,015.28

83,276.21

62, 230. 71 66,987.11

66,861.34

59,012.15

53,909.05

78, 106. 05 69,816.45

65,147.14

54,796.63

529,522.22

44,126.85

48,046.62

252,559.95

21,046.66

17, 672. 52

55,082.06

4,590.17

4,809.82

837, 164. 23

69,76.3.68 70,528.96

223, 149. 60

211, ,388. 67

196, 8S6. 85

204, 845. 99

185, 234. 71 207,830.09

213, 734. 30

184,701.63

2.32,431.42

209, 843. 42

216, 062. 26 205,480.88

155,236.70

220,766.11

161,693.95

153,889.40

158,741.79

188,107.93

167,852.78

180,249.24

172, 117. 49 134,572.75

181,777.26

120,075.92

22,883.09

29,0.50.38

25,.535. 43 14,264.00

23,649.65

19,956.10

31,200.16

28,832.70

33,285.92

27, 221. 06

17,143.48

34,578.37

401,269.39

461,205.16

384,116.23

372,999.39

367,626.15

415,894.12

412,787.24

393,783.57

437, 834. 83 371,637.23

414,983.00

360, 135. 17

2,491,589.82

207, 632. 49 218,543.65

1,995,081.32

166, 256. 77 179,934.83

307, 600. 34 25,633.36

26,261.55

4,794,271.48

399,522.62

424,740.03
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT, MECHANICAL DIVISION. 145

Table No. 2.

iStatement of overtime work performed, showing the per cent of

the total pay roll.

Month.

July

August

September.

October

November

.

December.

.

1917.

1918. January. .

.

February.

March

April ...... May

June

Total

Average per month this year. Average per month last year.

Balboa shops.

Overtime.

$14, 579. 50 12,359.68

8, 428. 05 10,597.44

8, 187. 24 11,100.39

26, 587. 74 7,661.15

8,172.81

9,233.57

7, 807. 34

20, 990. .S5

145, 705. 76 12,142.15

11,916.34

Per

cent of pay

roll.

8.79

7.62 5.94

6.81 5.84

6.87

1 15. 22

5.11 4.40

5.40

4.47 112.42

Cristobal shops.

Overtime.

7.43

7.43

7.94

$12, 126. 26

5, 688. 33 5,202.26

7, 450. 23 5,035.72

2, 728. 95

4,525.61

2,653.27

8, 260. 86 4,550.40

7,645.09

5, 610. 62

71,477.60

5,956.47

4,449.75

Per

cent of pay

roll.

21.18

12.49

11.85

16.01

11.61 6.38

12.51 8.90

17.74

12. 59 20.59

17.10

Total.

Overtime.

13.50

13. .50 9.26

$26, 705. 76

18,048.01

13,630.31

18,047.67

13,222.96

13,829.34

31,113.35

10,314.42

16,433.67

13,783.97

15,452.43

26,601.47

217,183.36

18, 098. 62

2 18,903.36

Per

cent of pay

roll.

11.97 8.54 6.92

8.81 7.14 6.65

14.56 5.58

7.07 6.57

7.15 12.95

8.72

8.72

2 8.65

1 Urgent military work on steamships Von Steuben and Koningin der Nederlanden.

^Includes Paraiso shops.

Table No. 3.

Force Report.

Month.

Balboa shops. Cristolml shops.

Gold. Silver. Total. Gold. Silver. Total.

Total.

Gold. Silver. Total

July

August

September.

October

November.

December.

.

1917.

January .

.

February.

March

April

May

June

1918.

Total

Average per month this year Average per month last year.

$745 636 590

599

611 593

628

653 623

618 589

548

7,433 620

797

$1,448

1,273

1,204

1,140

1,160

1,120

1,251

1,406

1,393

1,401

1,394

1,144

$2, 193 1,909

1,794

1,739

1,771

1,713

1,879

2,059

2,016

2,019

1,983

1,692

15,334

1,278

1,585

22,767

1,898

2,382

$195

164

144 150

156 143

116

117 110

10996

93

$534 439

424 412

378

368

314 306

335

351 322

276

$729

603

568 562

534 511

430

423

445 460

418 369

$940

800

734 749

767 736

744 770

733 727 685

641

$1,982

1,712

1,628

1,552

1,538

1,488

1,565

1,712

1,728

1,752

1,716

1,420

,593

133 209

,459 372 522

6,052

505

731

9,026

752 1,006

19,793

1,&49

2,107

$2,922

2,512

2,362

2,301

2,305

2,224

2,309

2,482

2,461

2,479

2,401

2,061

28,819

2,401

3,113
146 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 4.—Statement of foundnj outputs.

Month.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. Januarj'

February

March.."

April

May - - - June

Total

Average this year Average last year

Nonferrous.

Patterns.

2149

142920

51

1740

42

3230

60

405

34

40

Castings.

1,059

1,528

937

541 568

922

2,142

1,102

1,245

915 715

1,943

13,617

1,135

1,320

Weight.

26,836

23, 849 16,811

8,117

7,400

5,813

9,767

11,319

14,112

7,411

12,346

20,253

164,034

13,669

21,163

Iron.

Patterns.

20

50

37

55

5754

2944

615847

87

59950

59

Castings.

1,651

1,571

1,450

1,667

3,464

3,658

3,960

3,336

3,315

3,341

3,969

3,469

34, 851 2,904

2,734

Weight.

131,348

151,427

171,925

121,919

136,717

215,133

224,907

167,069

108,215

168,377

177,111

145,625

1,919,773

159,980

162,611

Month.

Steel.

Patterns. Castings. Weight.

Total.

Patterns Castings. Weight.

1917, July

August

September

October

November

December

1918, January

February

March

April

May

June

Total

Average this year Average last year

13

1223

1618

5

6

2110

14

11

7

990

855 736

1,042

804 862

788

1,147

1,351

1,077 872 1,496

85,503

81,674

95, 764 164,782

135, 568 132,716

128, 896

152, 646

129, 820

130, 961 140,434

105,279

54

11274

100

95 110

52 105

113 10488

154

3,700

3,954

3,123

3,250

4,836

5,442

6,890

5,585

5,911

5,333

5,556

6,908

243, 687

256, 950

284, 500 294,818

279,685

353,662

363,570

331,034

252,147

306,749

329, 891 271,157

156

1328

12,020

1,002

1,008

1,484,043

123, 670

169,993

1,161

97 127

60,488

5,041

5,062

3, 567, 850 297,321

353, 766

Table No. 5.—

-

Expenditures and output of the oxy-acetylene plant—Balboa

shops.

Month. Total expenditiu'es

Oxygen

output.

Acetylene

output.

Hydrogen

output.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. January

February. . .

, March. .". April

May

June

Total Average this year Average last year

S2, 062. 99 1,788.66

3,107.04

1,977.31

1, 998. 44 2,416.60

2,351.97

3, 026. 03 5,043.65

2,893.55

2, 188. 79 2,297.01

31,152.04

2,590.00

6,347.97

Cubic feet. 97, 900 110,600

115, 100 118,500

109, 400

117, 200

116,500

110, 800

140, 700 110,500

106,300

105, 700

Cubic feet. 59, 923

54, 225 59,373

62, 393

61, 723 56,921

55,584

47, 167

56, 423

61,699

48,069

51,132

Cubic fee t 1,000

9,942 3.050

4)700

4,500

7,200

11,100

9,600

13,300

17,800

10,400

10,100

1,359,200

113, 267 91,615

674,632

56,220

50,554

102,692

9,558

4,268
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT, MECHANICAL DIVISION. 147

Table No. G. —Operation of Panama Canal dry docks.

BALBOA.
148 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. S.—Statcuteut of hostling costs.

Month.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. January

February

March

April

May

June

Total Average per month this year Average per month last year

.

Nujuber

of hostlings.

2,264

2,206

2,208

2,235

2,219

2,249

2,188

1,864

2,051

1,952

1,872

1,846

25, 154 2,096

3,004

Direct

labor.

$1,691.46

1, 774. 39

1, 720. 26 1,697.82

1,741.28

1,805.29

1,763.25

1,658.57

1,603.36

1,661.13

1, 746. 23 1,572.94

20, 435. 98 1,702.99

1,968.14

Surcharge.

$592.01

621. 04

602. 09 424.45

608.99

631.85

609. 69

570. 65

559. 77

574. 27

609. 87 549.00

6,9.53.68 579.47

945. 92

Material

and service.

$304.40

340. 22

224. 23

350. 32

234..33

316. 86

194. 90

259. 21 211.32

201.62

174.27 181.12

2,992.80

249. 40

239. 39

Total cost.

$2, .587. 87

2, 735. 65 2,546.58

2,472.59

2,584.60

2,754.00

2,567.84

2,488.43

2,374.45

2,437.02

2, 530. 37 2,303.06

30,382.46

2,.531. 86

3, 153. 45

Average

labor per

hostle.

.7471 .8043

.7791 .7597

.7847 .8027

. 8059

.8898 .7817

.8510

.9328

.8521

.8124

.8124

.6552

Average

total cOvSt per hostle.

$1.1431

1.2401

1.1533

1. 1063

1. 1648 1.2245

1. 1736 1.3350

1. 1577 1.2485

1.3517

1.2476

1.2079 1.0498

1. 0498

Table No. 9.

Amounts of completed icork and for tcliom pcrform,ed.

Individuals and companies

Panama Railroad

Manufacturing

Dredging division

United States Navy

Quartermaster Department ' War Department

Building construction

Marine division

Other departments of

Government

Fortifications

Municipal engineering

division

Electrical division

Damage to vessels

Subsistence

$1, 025, 020. 74

928. 025. 46

741, 818. 09

714, 881. 16

339, 142. 88

164, 859. 16

129, 329. 36

90, 727. 56

39, 868. 71

38, 902. 57

37, 232. 32

25, 356. 11

16, 724. 73

14, 437. 88

9, 186. 80

Lock operation

Health department

Dams and backfill

Administration

Official motor cars

Civil government

Meteorology and hydrography

Clubs and playgroundsAuditor

Paymaster

Surveys

Special attorney

Office engineer

Collector

Land office , Joint commission

$8, 026. 35

7, 028. 87

4, 321. 71

4, 227. 64

3, 758. 51

2, 845. 28

1, 064. 08

823. 65

637. 36

245. 81

176. 47

135. 14

128. 56

121. 20

102. 46

32.73

Total 4, 349,189. 35

Table No. 10.

Comparafive statement of work performed hij shops at Balboa.

PRODUCTIVE SHOPS.

Boiler and ship fitting Car shop

Rigstmg loft Forge shop

Balboa roundhouse

Cristobal roundhouse

Instrument repair shop

Machine shop

Pattern shop

Paint shop

Outside marine gang

Wood shop

Yard gang

Superintendent's office

Total :

Productive labor.

1917-18

$309,025.16

185,423.69

52,216.04

40, 872. 44

70, 563. 81 26,959.18

24,224.80

231,700.60

13,246.38

46,342.96

136,090.52

100, 827. 79

5, 996. 91 44,043.78

1,287,534.06

1916-17

$255,466.66

168,019.63

25,776.54

48,257.91

56,661.46

30, 833. 64 16,376.36

241,598.03

30, 075. 73 74,031.37

96, 729. 39 11,338.16

24, 525. 85

1,079,690.73

Indirect expense.

1917-18

$112,407.33

60, .543. 57 15,047.28

44,390.86

36,012.81

12,629.64

11,364.98

131,257.80

8, 440. 57 7,172.81

41,916.19

44,340.14

24,491.46

124,085.56

674,101.00

1916-17

$146,468.77

72, 904. 22

9, 945. 31 63,328.88

37, 192. 54 20,260.82

10,309.94

198, 889. 13

10,215.28

28,216.02

47, 699. 24

20, 628. 30 113,116.29

779, 174. 74
EEPOET OF SUPEEINTENDENT, MECHANICAL DIVISION. 149

Table No. 10.

Co^nparative statement of work performed by shops at Balboa—

Continued.


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Plate 29.

\3\A—\SlS 1915-1316 1916-1917 I9I7-I9\S

OUTSIDERS P. R. R. IWi C/KN/^U,

CHART SHOWING THE 'DEVELOPMENT OF SHOP VJOHY^ FOR

OUTSIDERS COIslCUR,«EMT V^ITH THE. DECieEASE. OF CANAL AND

PANAMA RAlLROAti WORK. SINCE- THE OFFICIAL OPENItSQ OF

THE PANAMA CANAL.

APPENDIX F.

REPORT OF THE CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DEPARTMENT.

Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, July 20^ 19^lb.

Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report covering the

operations of the supply department for the fiscal year ended June

30. 1918.

ORGANIZATION.

The organization continued the same as for the fiscal year 1917,

up until October 8, 1917, at which time the following organization

was put into effect

:

The position of assistant chief quartermaster was abolished and the

department was subdivided as follows

:

{a) District quartermasters, hotels, restaurants, messes, and storehouses. These units were placed under the direct supervision of the

newly created position of superintendent, supply department, who

reports to the chief quartermaster.

{h) Commissary division: This division is operated under the

direction of the general manager, reporting to the chief quartermaster, and has charge of the various commissary warehouses, cold-storage plants, manufacturing plants, abattoir, laundries, and retail

commissaries.

((?) Pastures, plantations, hog farms, chicken farms, and dairies,

were placed under the immediate charge of the supervisor, cattle industry, on October 8, 1917; but were later—April 15, 1918—turned

over to the superintendent, cattle industry, reporting to the chief

quartermaster. The superintendent of cattle industry also has direct

charge of the two cattle boats, the Caribhean and Culehra.

id) Purchase of live stock and cattle: Under date of October 8,

1917, the purchase of live stock and cattle was placed in charge of

the superintendent, cattle industry; but was later—April 15, 1918

placed in charge of the cattle buyer, cattle industry, reporting to the

chief quartermaster.

{e) United States requisition bureau, in charge of United States

requisition clerk, reporting to the chief quartermaster : This bureau

prepares and checks all requisitions for material and supplies to be

purchased in the United States, except for the commissary division.

The clerk in charge is now rated as chief. United States requisition

bureau.

(/) Printing plant : This plant is in charge of a printer, reporting

to the chief quartermaster. All stationery for use on the Isthmus is

151
152 THE PANAMA CANAL.

issued from the printing plant. The plant is now designated as The

Panama Canal Press.

PERSONKEL.

Mr. R. K. Morris was appointed chief quartermaster nnder date

of October 8, 1917, vice Lieut. Col. William R. Grove, relieved from

duty with The Panama Canal and ordered to military duty on September 22, 1917. Maj. F. H. Smith was relieved from duty as assistant chief quartermaster. The Panama Canal, under date of October

10, 1917, and ordered to military duty. The following promotions

were made effective October 8, 1917 : Mr. R. R. Watson was appointed

superintendent, supply department, being promoted from district

quartermaster, Ancon-Balboa district. Mr. J. J. Jackson was appointed general manager, commissary division, being promoted from

general storekeeper. Mr. M. D. Smith was appointed general storekeeper, being promoted from United States requisition clerk. Mr.

W. B. Brown continued as superintendent, cattle industry, and Dr.

W. J. Taylor continued as supervisor, cattle industry.

LABOR.

There has been a surplus of silver labor throughout the year. The

number of silver employees June 30, 1917, was 20,597; of gold, 3,549;

total of all employees. 24,146. For 1918, the total silver employees

was 16,157 ; total gold, 3,108 ; total of all employees, 19,265. This is

a decrease of 4,440 silver and 441 gold employees. The decrease was

due to considerable construction work being finished. Repatriation

of those for whom it was impossible to give employment was continued and a number of them emigTated to Cuba. The reduction was

gradual throughout the year.

QUARTERS.

There were 257 applications for family quarters on file June 30,

1917, as compared with 226 applications June 30, 1918.

Number of applications on file for married quarters for silver employees :

District quartermaster, Balboa 602

District quartermaster, Pedro Miguel 114

District quartermaster, Gatun 30

District quartermaster, Cristobal 975

Total 1, 721

The following new quarters were completed and assigned during

the year

:

Applications at New Cristobal for gold employees 137

Applications at Mindi dairy farm 1

Applications at Summit poultry farm 4

Total 142

Applications at Mount Hope cattle ranch for silver employees 4

Applications at Mindi dairy farm for silver employees (5 Applications at Sunnnit poultry farm for silver employees 6

Applications at Rod Tank (Pedro Miguel) for silver employees 64

Applications at Balboa for silver employees 24

Total 104
REPORT OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 153

The following buildings used for gold quarters and hotels were

converted into silver quarters at Paraiso during the year

:

Apartments.

1 hotel converted into 16

2 type 18 bachelor quarters converted into 24

2 type 5 bachelor quarters converted into 16

Total 56

The following were undergoing alteration at the close of the year

and will be completed by August 1, 1918

:

Silver apartments.

5 type 14-4 family quarters converted into 40

10 type 15-1 family quarters converted into 20

10 type A-1 family quarters converted into 10

5 type O. F. 1 family quarters converted into 10

Total 80

The buildings were made available for conversion because of the

gold force of the dredging division being greatly reduced due to ces- sation of slides.

The operation of electric ranges in gold quarters was found to cost

slightly more than coal-burning ranges and no further installations

were made. The increased cost of operation and maintenance is due

principally to high cost of repair parts for these ranges.

No funds have been granted for the building of additional quarters to care for the present applicants, and the list is increasing gradually, as the majority of new appointments to canal service are married men due to war conditions taking a number of single men.

The bachelor-quarters situation is better than last year, permitting

60 per cent of all bachelors to have single rooms. Some bachelors in

the force have been replaced by married men, but no reduction has

been made in the number of bachelor houses.

More bachelor quarters should be built in order to provide every

bachelor employee with a room, and such quarters shoLdcl be of permanent concrete construction.

ZONE SANITATION.

No change has been made in the method of collecting and disposing of garbage and cutting grass. This work has been carried on by

the supply department for the health department. Cost, 1918,

$22,797.36'; 1917, $29,181.91.

Improved methods of taking care of garbage and replacement of

pit closets with standard water-closets and disposing of pit closets

where construction work was completed accounts for reduction in

costs.

MOTOR TRANSPORTATION.

Motor transportation has increased to take care of moving of construction material for building and municipal engineering division

animals released from this service have been transferred to plantations.
154 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Vehicles on hand, operated

by all departments.
REPORT OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 155

terial on hand at beginning and end of j-ear and total of all issues

from the different storehouses for 1917 and 1918, exclusive of obsolete material and scrap

:

General

storehouse.

Cristobal storehouse. Paraiso

storehouse. Total.

On hand, 1917. On hand, 1918. Issued, 1916-17 Issued, 1917-18

1 $4, 291, 310. 27

4, 932, 204. 69

< 9, 576, 799. 71 9,439,032.03

2 $609, 151. 24 675,412.40

< 1,398.972.13

1,740,223.65

$935,515.86

903, 775. 77

< 1,416,581.28

858,601.44

3 $5, 835, 977. 37 6,511,392.86

< 12, 392, 353. 12 12,037,857.12

> Shown in annual report for fiscal j'ear 1917 as $4,017,836.54, which figure is in error, as it did not include

fuel oil on hand.

2 Shown in annual report for fiscal year 1917 as $1,373,259.50, which figure is in error, as it included obsolete material and scrap on hand at Cristobal.

3 ShowTi in annual report for fiscal year 1917 as $6,326,611.90, which is in error, as explained by foregoing

paragraphs (1) and (2).

* Difference between figure shown in this year's report and report for last fiscal year due to fact that

issue of fuel oil is taken into consideration this year, which was not the case for the fiscal year 1917.

The increase in stock as compared with June 30, 1917, is attributed

to the following

:

First. The unusual increase in cost of all items of material, ranging from 15 to 500 per cent. A recent calculation indicates that the

net increase in cost of 100 representative stock items during the past

two years amounts to 131 per cent.

Second. Due to existing conditions resulting from the present war,

it has been necessary to increase stock of some commodities such as

fuel oil, gasoline, lubricating oils, chemicals, foundry supplies, etc.,

in order to provide for emergencies.

/Sales.—Table No. 3 covers the total of all classes of sales made on

the Isthmus for the year, showing 25,612 sales, amounting to $1,630,-

827.60, or an increase of $1,037,204.60 over the previous year. Saleis

to steamships show an increase of $<)77,428.79, and 1,917 vessels were

handled as compared with 1,648 for the fiscal year ending June 30,

1917.

Sales to the United States Army amounted to $422,753.32 and sales

to the United States Xavy totaled $107,738.68, The principal items

sold were lumber, building material, general hardware, rope, cable,

gasoline, kerosene, and lubricating oils.

During the year a total of 244.392 requisitions and foreman's or- ders were handled, distributed as follows

:

Greneral storehouse 158, 838

Cristobal storehouse 65, 371

Paraiso storehouse 20, 183

The consumption of cement for the year was 149.039 barrels.

/Surplus and obsolete material^ equipment, and scrap.—The Mount

Hope obsolete storehouse, under the supervision of the storekeeper,

Cristobal store, was operated as during the previous year as a concentration point for obsolete and surplus material, equipment, and

scrap.

Table No. 10 shows the status of obsolete and surplus material at

the beginning and end of the fiscal year, the receipts and issues during this period, and the balance on hand June 30, 1918.

Scrap.—Table No. 11 covers American scrap operations during

the fiscal year.
156 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The French scrap situation is as follows:

Gross tons. On hand July 1, 1917 18, 332. 41

Receipts, 1918

Total 18, 332. 41

Shipped on Rovetta contract 3, 166. 21

Balance, June 30, 1918 .. 15, 166. 20

Table No. 5 covers the sales of material, supplies, and equipment

heretofore purchased or acquired for the construction of The Panama

Canal, made by authority of the Governor without advertisement and

on which time did not permit securing approval of the Secretary of

War, required by Executive order of May 12, 1915, fiscal year 1918.

Fuel-oil flants.—The operation of the Balboa and Mount Hope oil

plants continued under the supervision of the general storekeeper

during the fiscal year.

The contract with the Standard Oil Co. of California for delivery

of 700,000 barrels of fuel oil at Balboa at a price of $1.60 per ban-el

expires September 1, 1918. A balance of 188,357 barrels remains to

be delivered under this contract.

The contract with the Atlantic Eefining Co. for delivery of 240,000

barrels fuel oil at Cristobal at a price of $2.01 per barrel, expired

June 30, 1918. An outstanding order against this contract provides

for delivery of 75,000 barrels.

Construction of a 55,000-barrel capacity concrete fuel-oil tank for

The Panama Canal was started February 25, 1918, and as of June

80 was 75 per cent completed.

Table No. 12 indicates total fuel oil handled by the Balboa and

Mount Hope fuel-oil plants in amount 2,517,217 barrels for 438 vessels.

Gasoline storage.—Storage of bulk gasoline in tanks Nos. 31 and

37 at Balboa and Mount Hope was continued during the year, the

principal iasues from same having been made to Navy vessels and

to the Army on the Isthmus.

PANAMA CANAL PRESS.

The value of stock on hand at the close of the fiscal year was $86,-

542.96, as against $81,767.72 for the preceding fiscal year, which in- crease was due almost entirely to the increased cost of material as well as to the heavier supply of forms carried in stock.

There were added to the equipment of the printing plant during

the year equipment valued at $3,072.21, as follows:

1 heater, jrlue, electric $30. 7.^ 1 machine, lacer, clipper belt 22. 78

1 machine, Monroe, calculating 250. 21

1 machine, Oswego paper cutter 1, 168. 46

1 motor, electric, Boston wire stitcher . 74. 00

1 motor, electric, Tatum pimch 150.00

1 motor, electric. Oswego paper cutter 166.73

1 motor, electric. Brown & Carver paper cutter 170.73

1 motor, electric, air compressor 163. 50

1 motor, electric, press No. 28 135. 00

1 motor, electric, press No. 3081 68.00

1 motor, electric, press, No. 2158 75.00
EEPOET OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION". 157

1 motor, electric, press No. 16144, 16284 $166. 00

1 motor, electric, press D29, DS22, D9S9, D1077 372. 00

1 torch, vulcanizing, rubber stamp 11. 50

Miscellaneous ^ 47. 55

Total 3, 072. 21

Unserviceable items surveyed and disposed of during the year

amounted to $220.27, as follows:

1 machine saw, stereotype $25. 00

1 machhie, paper cutting 125.00

Miscellaneous

Total

70. 27

220. 27

The following table shows the principal items of manufacture:

Pads, desk 404

Pads, scratch 101,991

Sheets, rules 68,530

Tags, assorted 1,154,250

Canal records 482,650

Binders 1, 609

Programs 30, 450

File boxes 81

Forms 32, 727, 992

Books 104,807

Sheets, carbon 15, 700

Time-tables 19, 100

Cards, guide, etc 1,010,141

Stamps and daters ' 4, 709

Cardboard 56, 550

Sheets paper 3,574,234

Badges 4, 211

The total value of material issued was $107,302.55, as compared

with $87,482.47 for the preceding period. The total value of material

used in manufacture was $51,096.31, as compared with $38,736.70

for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917.

SUBSISTENCE.

The supply department continued the operation of the hotels

Tivoli- and Washington during the fiscal year, also the line restaurants and messes.

The Hotel Aspinwall, Taboga, was reopened on May 20, 1918, after

having been closed and used as intern camp by the Army from April

12, 1917.

The Hotel Y/ashington is financially supported and owned by the

Panama Railroad, but is operated under the management- of the

supply deparbment.

The general method of administration was the same as in the

past.

The net revenue for the year from restaurants and messes wais

$598,153.51, a decrease of $42,914.08 from the previous year, while

the total cost of operations was $594,395.99, a decrease of $39,754.34,

making a profit of $3,757.52, a decrease of $3,159.74 from last year.

Plad the charges for building repairs, fuel, and light been made, a

net loss of $17,356.45 would have been shown. No charge for equipment has been made, the charge being absorbed by allotments of

The Panama Canal.

The ratio of supplies consumed to revenue was 2.91 per cent less

than last year. The ratio of total cost of operation to revenue was

0.45 per cent less than last year, making the percentage of profit to

revenue 0.45 per cent more than last year. The net expense for

salaries and wages was $90,931.64, an increase of $11,177.18, making

^ Items the value of which is under $10.
158 T-HE PANAMA CANAL.

the proportion of net pay roll to revenue 15.20 per cent, or 2.80 per

cent more than last year.

The Balboa shops' lunch room was completed September, 1917. Kebuilcling of Pedro Miguel restaurant will be completed by the middle

of August, also the new kitchen for the Hotel Tivoli. No appreciable

change was made in the forms of any of the restaurants or hotels,

except that at Paraiso, where the gold, forces of the dredging division

have been transferred to Pedro Miguel, and the restaurant at this

point has been abandoned. A cafeteria restaurant for silver employees was opened at Camp Bierd (Cristobal) as a branch of regular

silver mess.

The Hotel Tivoli showed a net loss of $8,169.95 compared with a net profit of $1,081.86 for the previous year.

The Hotel Washington showed a net loss of $15,465.92, compared

with a net profit of $11,185.33 for last year.

There is a considerable decrease in revenue- in both the Hotels

Tivoli and Washington. This is due mostly to the war conditions

and the difficulty of traveling, as there -are few people traveling

for pleasure at present; also the great inconveniences that business

men find in traveling has, no doubt, contributed to the decrease

over previous years.

COMMISSARY OPERATIONS.

The commissary division has been in charge of Mr. J. J. Jackson

since October 8, 1917. Prior to that date it was in charge of the undersigned*. This division operates the line commissaries, wholesale

•and manufacturing plants, etc. The plantations and hog, chicken,

and dairy farms were operated by this division up until October 8,

1917, at which time they were taken over by the cattle industry.

An increase is recorded in the business of all the manufacturing

plants with the exception of Cristobal laundry. This unit shows only

a slight decrease in output, despite the large amount of work transferred to Ancon when the laundry at that point was opened. The

most notable growth in production was at the abattoir, the output

as compared with the preceding year having more than doubled.

This is mainly accounted for by the fact that during the previous

year no poultry was killed and dressed at the abattoir, and the number of hogs slaughtered was practically negligible. The kill of beef is

steadily mounting, being almost treble that of the fiscal year 1916

the first year this unit was in operation. The use of native beef

on the Isthmus and by the steamship trade has grown to such an

extent that no beef was imported from the United States during

the year, with- the exception of 25 hind quarters and a very few items,

such as beef tenderloins, sweetbreads, beef and calves' liver, and these

only in limited quantities. The sausage plant also doubled its output, and marked increases are shown in the sales of the industrial

laboratory and ice-cream plant. Table No. 13 gives a detailed comparative statement covering the output of manufacturing plants

for fiscal years 1914 to 1918, inclusive.

Since January 1, 1918, the United States troops stationed on the

Isthmus have protected their own requirements on nearly all important foodstuffs, other than cold storage, which has resulted in decreased purchases by this division of articles thus affected. The
REPORT OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 159

quantity of sugar bought was approximately half that of the previous year, explained largely by the fact that a big stock was stored

during 1916-17, with consequent diminished orders in 1917-18.

Ta,ble No. 14 covers the detail of purchases made during fiscal year

1918, as compared with purchases made during the preceding fiscal

year.

The steady upward trend in price revealed by the 1917 report continued throughout the past year, notably so on coid-storage products.

The increase in price on grocery items was small, and, in some instances, prices have been kept at the same level as last year. There

has been practically no increase worth mentioning on vegetables, and

on three staples—potatoes, onions, and beans—prices are lower than

last year, especially on the first-named item, where we have been

enabled to m.ake a reduction from 8 cents to 3 cents per pound. Table

No. 15 gives a comparative statement of selling prices obtaining

June 30, 1918, as against prices on June 30, 1917.

The total value of supplies bought in Costa Eica—$80,192.12

represents a decrease of $33,331 from the total for the previdus fiscal

year. This is accounted for by the fact that heavy purchases of

coffee and s.ugar—to the extent of approximately $65,000—were made

in the last few months of the* fiscal year ending June 30, 1917. The

coffee purchased was sufficient to cover the requirements of the commissary division for a long period in advance, and as a consequence

it was found unnecessary to buy any of this commodity in- Costa

Rica during the past fiscal year. It may be stated, however, that of

a purchase of 250,000 pounds of coffee made in Panama early in

1918 approximately one-half had be^n produced in Costa Rica. Purchases of sugar show a decline of about 75 per cent, this, in large

measure, being due to conditions resulting from the entrance of the

United States into the war, and the trading restrictions imposed

thereby upon firms from which practically all our Costa Rican purchases of this product had been made.

Purchases of fruits and vegetables represent an increase of

$18,315.55 over those of the previous year. The quantity of potatoes,

cabbage, and cari-ots bought was more than double the amount of

the previous year, while other staple items, in practically all instances, showed increases of greater or lesser proportion.

Two ships carrying connnissary cargo from Port Limon to Cristobal were lost, the Colomhla-, which was bringing fruits, vegetables,

and sugar valued at $3,200, burning to the water's edge, and the

Sail Bias capsizing at the wharf at Bocas del Toro, Panama. The

latter vessel was bringing to Cristobal a cargo of fruits and vegetables worth approximately $1,000. After the sinking of the San

Bias the commissary division's cargo was handled for a time entirely

on the schooner Caroline^ which was too small for this purpose. In

October, the Orotina^ a 100-ton boat of America-n registry, was chartered for a period of six months, this being necessary because of the

dearth of small vessels plying regularly between Cristobal and Port

Limon, and at the expiration of that time was recliartered for another j)eriod of six months. On June 15, the products buyer established a temporary subagency in San Jose in order that he might

buy fruits and vegetables in increasing quantities. Table No. 16

gives a detail of the purchases made in Costa Rica for the fiscal year

1918.
160 THE PANAMA CANAL.

A representative of this division was sent to Cuba, Porto Rico,

Dominican Republic, and Haiti to investigate the possibility of

purchasing supplies. The best field appeared to be in Hditi, and an

office was opened on October 11, 1917, at St. Marc. The main agency

for Haiti was transferred to Port au Prince on June 30, 1918, due

to the change in routing of the Panama Eailroad steamships. A

warehouse, however, is still maintained at St. Marc. So far, the

products bu3'er has purchased foodstuffs and miscellaneous products

to the amount of $16,478.76. A list of the items shipped- is given in

Table No. IT. _ Also included in Table No. 17 are local purchases, from which it

will be seen that large quantities of foodstuffs were bought on the

Isthmus; some from producers, some from contractors, and some

from importing agencies. The commissary local buyer in Panama

City bought a great number of hogs and large shipments of corn

during the past year.

The Colombian purchases listed in the same table do not include

the beef cattle shipped from that country, as such information will

be shown in the report of the cattle industry. A greater quantity of

sugar was purchased in Colombia than in any other market excepting

the United States.

Transfer of plantations and farms.—On October 8, 1917, the plantations, poultry farm, hog farm, and dairy were transferred from the

commissary division to the cattle industry and placed under the

supervision of Mr. W. B. Brown.

Neio conwmswries:—A commissary at Eed Tank was opened during the past year. It is operated as a branch of the retail store at

Pedro Miguel and was necessary in order to relieve the congestion on

the silver side at- Pedro Miguel commissary. Branches of Gamboa

commissary were opened on April 16 at Juan- Mina plantation and

at Limon plantation, on the Chagres River. These stores handle

only a small stock of groceries, tobacco, etc., for the benefit of the

men employed in the plantation and -pasture clearing gangs in that

vicinity.

Changes in retail stores.—Alterations were made at the Paraiso

commissary during the past year which considerably improved the

appearance of that store and effected economies in the handling of

the silver trade, most of the .gold trade (because of changed conditions of employment) having removed to Pedro Miguel.

At La Boca commissary a 20-foot extension was made and a change in the lighting provided.

On January 1 the United States Army took over the commissaries

theretofore operated by this -division at Fort Sherman, Fort Randolph, La^ Cascadas, Empire, and Culebra. In order to serve the

Panama Canal- employees working on the left bank of the canal,

this division still continues -to operate a commissary at Empire.

Necessary minor repairs were made at the Monte Lirio commissary. Among other things, a n,ew roof was put on and a small wareroom added. The addition replaced the box car formerly used as a warehouse. Painting was done throughout.

Business at Cristobal commissary increased to such an extent that

it was imperative to take measures to relieve the congestion and inadequate service in certain silver gi'ocery sections. This was accom-
REPORT OP CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 161

plished by building booths each inclosing a section having a complete stock of practically all items carried. Besides enabling cus- tomers to make all purchases of nonperishable foodstuffs at one

counter, the efficiency of the sales force, all selling the same article,

may be more readily determined and regulated.

The commissary at Corozal was closed on June 1, the establishment of an Army commissary there having made unnecessary the

maintenance of a Panama Railroad conmiissary also. However, the

residents of that town still enjoy solicitor and delivery privileges,

the district being taken care of by the Ancon commissarj^

Soajp factory.—On February 15 the soap factory went into operation as a separate unit, having been before that time a department

of the industrial laboratory. The present capacity of the plant is

about 100,000 pounds monthly, and soap of all grades can be turned

out. At present, soft soap, family soap, and yellow, white, and

brown laundrj^ soap are being manufactured.

Sauerhraut.—Machinery for the manufacture of sauerkraut was

installed in the industrial laboratory the latter part of August, 1917,

but on account of the time required for proper fermentation this

product was not offered for sale in the line commissaries until November 1. The output of this' plant has sold readily in the line

stores. In fact, it has been impossible to manufacture enough to

take care of the demand. The- average production is 1,200 pounds

per week.

Milk.—Another step in the- direction of becoming independent

of the United States on perishable products was the establishment

of the dairy farm at Mindi, and the installation of equipment in the

ice-cream plant for the pasteurization and bottling of milk from this

farm.

Prior to the opening of this farm, the average consumption on

the Canal Zone was 400 gallons of fresh milk daily, all of which had

to be brought from the United States in refrigeration. The one

other supply was from the Corozal Hospital farms, the milk from

which place was used only in the hospitals, on physician's prescription, and for babies.

Since Mindi dairy farm milk has been available, the consumption

on the Canal Zone of milk brought from the United States has decreased to 265 gallons daily, 175 gallons of this being bottled for the

retail trade, the remaining 90 gallons being used in the manufacture

of ice cream. Of the milk being produced at the new farm, approximately 185 gallons are sold per day.

Sausage factory.—Besides manufacturing eight kinds of sausage

in the sausage factory during the past year, as soon as importation of

hogs from Colombia and interior Panama became heavy the commissary division began curing its hams and bacon, with such good

results that it was unnecessary to draw on the United States for this

product until recently, when a small order for hams was placed.

Bone mill.—In line with the policy of waste prevention wherever

possible was the setting up of a bone mill in connection with the

abattoir in March, 1918. Although most of the bones from the cattle killed are sent to the United States, there have been produced

105,373 pounds of bone meal, a greater part of which has been used

by the cattle industry on the plantations.
162 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Tailor shop.—In February the commissary division opened a

tailor shop in Ancon laundry, a cutter and tailor having been brought

from the United States for the purpose. A large volume of business

"was done from the very outset, at present 2T men being employed.

To take care of the increased demand two American cutters came to

the Isthmus- in April, one being placed in charge of the shop in

Cristobal commissary, the other making weekly trips to Pedro Miguel

commissary, besides assisting the chief cutter.

Sales of dress goods have increased greatly since the opening of

this establishment.

Bakery.—The manufacture of rolls was discontinued in February,

and the baking of Victory bread, in 12, 16, and 30 ounce loaves, made

of 80 per cent wheat flour and 20 per cent corn meal, was begun in

March. When the Victory loaf w^as put on the market, the baking

of pies, doughnuts, fancy cakes, and of every kind of bread, except

rye and graham, was discontinued. This has resulted in a saving of

flour estimated at approximately 100,000 pounds per month. Working only five days the week has, of course, resulted in pay roll

economies, in addition to the labor saving effected when fancy baking was discontinued. Production has fallen from 191,507 loaves the

week in July, 1917, to 102,000 loaves the week in June, 1918. The

present force consists of 42 men, whereas prior to the enforcement of

conservation regulations 70 men were employed.

Saving in four.—The regulations prescribing the observance of

wheatless Mondays and the baking of Victory bread have resulted in

a considerable and gratifving decrease in the amount of flour consumed. During the period March 20 to June 20, 1917, 2.073,180

pounds of flour were issued from the wholesale grocery warehouse of

the commissary division. During the same period in 1918, representing the first three months in which the new regulations were in effect,

1,622,882 pounds were issued, showing an actual decrease in consumption of 450,298 pounds.

Chilean four.—In order to avoid, as much as possible, drawing on

the wheat supply of the United States, it was decided to try other

markets in which to purchase flour. It was found that a very good

grade was to be obtained from the Chilean markets, and purchases

were immediately begun from that source. Up to the present time

1,308,000 pounds have been received, and 1,692,000 pounds are still

due. The commissary division will probably continue to buy from

these markets in the future—at least until such time as flour can be

more easily obtained from the United States.

Beef-coming plant.—On March 13 a beef-corning plant was

opened at the Balboa ice and cold storage plant. There are five

tanks, with a capacity of 10,000 poimds. Nothing but corned beef is

being turned out at this unit. The demand for this product from

Balboa, Ancon, and La Boca commissaries, and Ancon market has

recently grown to such an extent that approximately 40 per cent of

the commissary sales of this article are made on the Pacific side.

Considerations of transportation and space prompted arrangements

for the handling of this product for the commissaries mentioned.

Industrial laboratory products.—In addition to the items already

manufactured by the industrial laboratory of the commissary division, a number of new products were put out and sold in the line
EEPORT OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 163

stores during the past year. Included in these were mapeline extract, lard compound, leaf lard, mango preserA'e, watermelon preserve, guava, peach, grape, and roselle jelly, Worcestershire sauce,

chili sauce, extract of peppermint, extract of wintergreen, canned

tomatoes, tomato ketchup, apple sauce, chowchow, India relish,

mustard pickles, and fig preserve.

lee cream peddle service.—An ice cream peddle service, operated

on Sundays and holidays, was begun on September 16 by the Cristobal commissary, and includes the routes in Cristobal, Colon Beach,

and New Cristobal, two wagons being used in this work between the

hours of 4.30 and 6 p. m. A similar service has been in effect at

Ancon and Balboa commissaries for some time.

Eggs.—For the first time, the commissary division imported during the past year a grade of eggs known as " candled firsts." Heretofore, nothing has been brought down from the States except the

•very best stock known as " fresh-gathered extras." The egg market,

h.owever, reached such high levels during the midwinter months that

the necessity arose of having eggs which could be offered to the

public at a lower price.

Requisitioning material.—When the United States declared war

rail transportation in the United States was already badly congested. Uncertainty was felt as to just what the immediate consumption would be and it was thought there might possibly be some

interruption of ocean transportation. The commissary division

therefore purchased heavily in essential items with the idea of secur- ing a large stock of supplies and transporting them to the Isthmus

as soon as possible. This policy resulted in the division not only

securing a large stock of essential supplies before war demands

became insistant, but resulted in a substantial saving to employees,

as in all cases prices greatly increased a few months after the declaration of war. Principal among these items may be mentioned work

shirts, work pants, overalls, khaki pants, white-duck pants, Palm

Beach suits, men's and women's hosiery, mutton, evaporated milk,

condensed milk, beans, rice, and canned goods of all kinds.

Foreign shipments.—A large consignment of chinaware, cloth, and

notions, shipped from England in August, was lost at sea. This is

the first and only inconvenience of the kind suffered by the commissary division since the beginning of the war, with- the exception of

a shipment of Porto Rican cigars lost when the steamship Carolina

was sunk in June, 1918.

The largest single shipment.—The largest single shipment by the

commissary division during the fiscal year was made in January.

When news reached the Isthmus of the destruction and suffering

caused by the earthquake in Guatemala City, the local chapter of

the Red Cross requested the National Red Cross to appropriate

$100,000 for the relief of the suffering there. Within 24 hours of

the receipt of advice from Washington that the appropriation had

been approved, the commissary division had loaded 26 cars of foodstuffs, amounting in value to over $100,000, sent them across the

Isthmus and placed this cargo aboard the steamship Caribbean for

dispatch to San Jose, Guatemala. Some of the items included in

the shipment are as follows: Rice, 380,000 pounds; flour, 406,790

pounds; evaporated milk, 178,272 tins; hard bread, 63,200 packages;

80372°—18 12
164 THE PANAMA CANAL.

sugar, 7,600 pounds; lard compound, 20,000 pounds; salt, 32,000

pounds; onions, 10,500 pounds; salt pork, 20,600 pounds; cotton

blankets, 300; beans, 76,023 pounds; baking powder, 2,196 tins.

By-products from the abattoir to the value of $373,310 were

shipped to the United States during the year.

Beef to the value of $273,475.80 was shipped to the United States

for the Army during the year.

Central American sugar.—During the past year the demand for

the so-called Central American sugar has greatly increased. This

sugar is not as finely processed as the grade purchased in the United

States, and is a trifle darker in color, but the saccharine content

compares very favorably with that of the American granulated and,

besides, it is considerably lower in price.

In order to make no further withdrawals from the sugar supply

of the United States, every effort was made to supply the entire re- quirements of The Panama Canal with Central or South American

white and brown sugar exclusively, but with only a partial measure

of success. Construction of ice and cold-storage plant.—The cold-storage and

ice plant now under construction at Mount Hope is rapidly nearing

completion. The cold-storage plant will be three stories in height.

The length will be 371 feet over all, including platforms and approaches. The main building will have a length of 330 feet. The

width is 115 feet 6 inches on the first floor, which will be diminished

to 105 feet 8 inches for the second and third floors.

The first floor has five rooms for boxed goods, freezer, cutting and

packing and storing rooms for the butchers, meat coolers, etc. At

the south end is the hardening room of the ice-cream plant.

On the second floor will be located the vegetable storeroom and

separate storerooms for eggs, butter, cheese, milk, etc., and salted and

cured meats.

An auxiliary room for the ice-cream plant will occupy the south

end of the second floor, directly over the hardening room. On the

third floor will be a sausage-manufacturing plant, with pork and beef

storage room and a chill room occupying the remainder of the floor.

The building is insulated throughout with 4-inch cork.

The ice plant will be a one-story structure adjacent to the coldstorage plant.

New abattoir.—It is estimated that this plant will be ready for

operation by January 1, 1919. The plant will afford facilities for

the slaughtering of 300 steers and 600 hogs per day.

The abattoir will be located just east of the new cold-storage plant

at Mount Hope Avith which it will .be connected by a passage* at the

third-floor level. The length will be 134 feet 8 inches, the width

95 feet 2 inches, and it will have three stories and basement.

CATTLE INDUSTRY.

The cattle industry was in charge of Mr. W. B. Brown up until

October 8, 1917, at which time the pastures, plantations, hog farms,

chicken farms, and dairies, which were taken over on that date from

the commissary division, were placed in immediate charge of the

supervisor. Dr. W. J. Taylor. Under date of April 15, 1918, however, Mr. Brown Avas placed in charge of all operations of the cattle
REPORT OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 165

industry, with the exception of cattle purchases, including pastures,

plantations, etc., and has continued in charge to the present time as superintendent, cattle industry. Mr. J. H. Humphrey was appointed

cattle buyer, cattle industry, under date of April 1, 1918, reporting

to the chief quartermaster.

Pu7'chases.—The cattle contract for 1917-18 was completed during

April of this year. A new contract for 1918-19 was entered into

with Colombian cattle men for 37,500 head of beef cattle at $0.04975

per pound. The purchase price has changed very little in the last

three years, as is evidenced by the following table

:

Year.
166 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The above items were all brought to the Isthmus on the steamship

Carihhean.

Transportation:—The steamship Carihhean completed 40 trips to

Colombian ports during the year, bringing to the Canal Zone 18,499

head of beef cattle, 1,300 head of 3-year-olds, and 975 cows. This

ship had alterations made during August and September, increasing

her carrying capacity from 450 to 550 head of fat cattle. In February the steamship Caribbean commenced carrying a limited amount

of commercial freight from Colombia to the Isthmus for reshipment

to New York. From the period of February to May, inclusive, 1,800

such shipments had been handled, in which were included gold and

platinum to the amount of $388,688,55.

The dredge Cvlebra had temporary alterations made and was

placed in the cattle service during the period of August and September, 1917. This ship was again taken for cattle service in April of

this year, and is now transporting cattle. She completed 20 trips

during the year, bringing a total of 4,440 head of beef cattle and

1,834 head of 3-year-olds.

PASTURES.

Mount Hope.—Beef pasture, total area 4,147 acres remaining, 2,045

acres having been set aside as dairy pastures. An average of 2,000

head of cattle pastui'ed during the year.

Monte Lirio.—A total of 1,628 acres; no additions. An average

of 600 head of cattle pastured during the year.

Summit.—Total of 4,867 acres, 833 acres of which were added this

year. From 500 to 1,500 cattle pastured during the year.

Mirafores.—A total of 3,972 acres, 1,628 acres of which are additional this year. From 800 to 2,000 cattle pastured during the year.

Pedro Miguel.—A total of 2,697 acres, 840 of which, were added

this year. From 600 to 3,500 cattle pastured.

Cahnito.—A total of 4,516 acres. This area was cleared from December, 1917, to May, 1918, and sowed with Guinea grass seed. The

grass is coming in excellent condition.

Mandingo Valley.—A total of 6,375 acres, 1,789 acres of which

were added this year. This area was formerly known as Mandingo,

Alligator Creek, Bas Obispo, and Gorgona tracts. All have been

consolidated and will hereafter be known as Mandingo Valley pastures. From 1,200 to 1,500 cattle pastured during the year. Corn

was planted on 600 acres of the new clearing, which gives promise of

an extra good crop.

Dips.—Additional dips and corrals have been installed at Mandingo and Summit.

Ilealth.—The general health of all animals has been good. With

the dipping facilities available the tick infestation has been greatly

reduced, resulting in the general better physical condition of all

stock cattle.

Anthrax.—Since February 1 about 100 head of cattle died of anthrax. It is now definitely known that the infection takes place in

Colombia. Pr^ic^ically all cases of anthrax have occurred in fat cattle, and within 10 days or 2 weeks after arrival. No deaths in stock

cattle on the Isthmus have occurred.
REPORT OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION". 167

Breeding.—Cows to the number of 650 were selected for breeding,

and with the imported bulls have been placed on the range at Miraflores. The results have been so satisfactory that an order has been

placed for 30 additional bulls, to consist of 15 Herefords and 15

Short Horns.

Clearing.—The total virgin clearing for the year amounts to 9,602

acres, reclearing 5,700 acres, and 10,200 acres seeded. The total area

of completed pasture on June 30 was 21,253 acres. The grand total

of complete and uncompleted pastures was 30,247 acres. All constructing gangs were laid off at the commencement of the

rainy season, May 1, except small fencing gangs that had been kept

in the fields. The total of fence lines run amount to 91 miles of fourstrand barbed-wire fence.

Sales of cattle.—Sent to the abattoir to June 30, 21,731 head of

beef steers, 155 bulls, and 221 cows. Sales were made to ships of live

cattle numbering 99 head.

PLANTATIONS.

Of 15 plantations and farms, in operation at the close of the last

fiscal year, 1 has been eliminated, i. e., Emiliani, consisting of a

cocoanut grove, this area being taken over by the Army. Three

plantations have been consolidated with other adjoining plantations

to minimize the accounting and supervision, as follows: Mindi and

Bracho, and now known as Bracho-Mindi ; Davis Place with Frijoles;

and Las Guacas with Limon. 'Two plantations have been added, Flat

Eock on the Chagi-es River and Gatun corn farm.

While it is true that the operating expenses for the past fiscal

year exceeded the revenues, the productiveness of the plantations have

been greatly increased and an important step taken toward placing

the Isthmus on a self-supporting basis, thus decreasing the tonnage

required to import foodstuffs. Our experience has demonstrated that

small crops and truck gardening is unprofitable to handle directly.

Crops of this character will be operated under contract with Chinese,

as is now being done a;t Frijoles and Summit, the Chinese being the

only labor that can be relied upon to give the intensive cultivation

these crops require.

Table No. 18 covers the items produced by the various plantations

and furnished the commissary division during the year.

Pena Guapa.—Coconuts. This place has been continued on the

contract basis as heretofore.

Man^iwa.—Consists at this time of 60 acres planted in sugar cane

and 50 acres in cocoa, bananas, and plantains. This plantation will

be limited to the above area, as it is not considered a location favorable to other crops.

Bracho-Mindi.—This plantation reached its highest yield in May,

producing more than 11,000 pounds of papayas. A production of

8,000 to 10,000 pounds monthly may be expected from this point.

Sweetwater.—Approximately 50 acres, bearing coconuts, is now

producing 2,500 to 8,000 nuts monthly. This acreage will not be

increased and will be placed on contract basis after July 1. Gatun corn farm.—A new farm of approximately 80 acres located

north of New Gatun. This farm is planted to corn with the exception of 10 acres in sweet potatoes.
168 . THE PANAMA CANAL.

Fnjoles.—Operated as an avocado orchard of about 35 acres. Additional trees to the number of 800 have been set out in the past

year. There are 1,600 avocado trees at this point. Also 100 imported

mangoes of Cuban varieties have been set out here. The truck farm

at this point, operated under agreement with Chinese gardeners, has

been very satisfactory.

Juan Mina.—Has been continued as a citrus grove and has now

approximately 40 acres planted to citrus fruit trees. The progress

of these trees during the past year has been excellent. A major part

of this grove should be bearing in two years. Also 40 avocado trees

have been set out. Approximately 20 acres of this place had been

planted in April and 20 acres in May to cowpeas. An irrigation

system has been installed, and there is now no lack of water during

the dry-season months. A nursery of fruit trees was started in April

to provide trees for citrus groves at other points. There have been

12,000 trees set out from this nursery.

Flat Rock.—This is a new plantation consisting of 60 acres on

the upper Chagres Eiver and lying between the plantations of Juan

Mina and Limon. This is now planted in yucca, but it is expected to

establish this place as a citrus grove during the coming year.

Chilihre.—This was planted with plantains a year ago and has

been increased by another 19 acres of plantains, having now 58 acres

of same. Ten acres of plantains were also planted with yucca.

Limon.—The acreage at this place has been almost doubled within

the past year. The following acreage is now under cultivation : 163

in bananas, 5 in yams, 5 in dasheen, 35 in corn, 30 in sugar cane,

155 in sweet* potatoes. An irrigation system has been installed cov- ering about 50 acres. Las Cascaclas.—This plantation, consisting of 150 acres, has been

continued in cocoa. About 25 acres have been planted with bananas

to afford temporary shade for the young cocoa. A thousand young

avocado trees have been set out and an additional 1,000 to 1,500 will

be planted during the next year. The production of cocoa from January to May was 16,655 poimds.

Summit (formerly known as New Culebra Plantation).—Has the

following under cultivation: 25 acres in corn, 5 acres in yams, 10

acres in pineapple. Experiments made here recently with a grain —Guinea corn—imported from Haiti have been very promising,

and about 40 acres will be put in this crop. This grain closely re- sembles feterita and is well adapted for chicken and stock feed. The

truck farm here has been continued under the Chinese, with very

satisfactory results.

Ve7iado.—Consists of 150 acres of coconuts and contains approximately 18,000 trees. There have been set out 250 new trees, but no

additional area will be cleared.

POULTRY FARM.

Mindi.—At the close of December the Mindi poultry farm was

abandoned, principally due to heavy losses sustained by the birds

during the rainy season. These losses were due to unfavorable location, making it impossible to expand or properly take care of the

stock.
EEPORT OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 169

Summit.—This farm was completed early in the year and provided

with model yards, buildings, and equipment. The plant represents

an investment of approximately $100,000.

In October 1.180 birds of pure-bred stock were imported from

the States, and again in December 153 were so imported. These birds

were selected by an expert from the farms in the Eastern States, and

represent the following breeds : Single and Rose Comb Rhode Island

Reds, Blue Andalusians, Silver- Grey Dorkins, White Plymouth

Rocks, Single Comb Minorcas, Single Comb White Leghorns, White

Wyandottes, and Buttercups.

Weekly shipments of fowl are received from Colombia and the

best of these are'selected and retained for the farm, the balance being

sent to the abattoir. With the .native Colombian birds retained the

imported strains are bred.

Two 3,600-egg incubators are now being used, and hatches are obtained approximately every three weeks.

In the past six months 23,914 dozen eggs have been supplied the

commissary from this farm, and the monthly shipments are now

averaging 3,500 to 4,500 dozen eggs. In addition, weekly shipments

of broilers are being made to the commissary.

This farm is practically on a paying basis at the present time

and a promising future is assured.

HOG FARM.

All construction work has been completed, and the cost of the

plant is approximately $50,000. The most serious obstacle we have

had to contend with here is hog cholera, introduced through native

hogs. This has been finally controlled, and the months of May and

June were our first months without loss from this source. We have gradually built up a good breeding stock, consisting of

210 sows, of which 100 are Berkshire, and also have 5 registered

Duroc and 2 registered Berkshire boars. This breeding is meeting

with much success, and in another year will go far toward supplying pork on the Isthmus. During the year 8,640 hogs were sent

to the abattoir, most of which were imported from Colombia.

DAIRY FARM.

The construction of the dairy farm was commenced in July on a

location about half way between Gatun Road and Mindi station on a

line with the Mindi diversion. Four milking barns, with a capacity

of 80 head per barn, 4 silos, a refrigerator and milk house—all concrete—have been erected. Also a frame cottage for foreman, twostory barracks for laborers, and stable have been erected. The plant

investment represents approximately $103,000.

A thousand head of range cows were brought from Colombia to

stock this dairy. It is expected to purchase in the States 100 Holstein cows and a few good Holstein bulls, and from this stock gradually build a representative herd. The silos are being filled with cane

and corn ensilage, to be used in feeding dairy cows. This farm has

been in operation since January, and the milk production has steadily

grown from 971 gallons in that month to 5,373 gallons in June. In
170 THE PANAMA CANAL.

addition to this milk production, 336 calves have been sent to the

abattoir for veal. This plant is on a paying basis.

Respectfully submitted.

R. K. Morris,

Chief Quartermaster.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Governor, The, Panama Canal, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone.

Table No. 1.

Occupants of ranania Canal and Panama Railroad quarters

June 30, 1D18.

Place.
BEPORT OF CHIEF QUAETEEMASTEE, SUPPLY DIVISION. 171
172 THE PANAMA CANAL.

.a

floO

o

.s

-I

e

6
EEPORT OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 173

Table No. 5.

Statement shoicing sales of material, supplies, and equipment

heretofore purchased or acquired for the construction of The Panama Canal,

made bi/ authority of the Governor icithout advertisement and on which

time did not permit securing approval of the Secretary of War, required by

Executive order of May 12, 1915, fiscal year 1918.

Sale No.

CS-232.

CS-273.

CS-324.

CS-3.59. CS-360.

CS-947.

CS-951

.

CS-1015-

CS-1207

.

CS-1467.

CS-1553.

CS-1636.

BS-37S4.

BS-3897.

BS-3960. BS-3944.

BS-4102.

Name of purchaser.

Secretary public works,

Panama.

Messrs. J. A. White & Co. . .

.

A. Levingston , Chile Exploration Co

A. Levingston

.do. .do.

Pearce & Sexton. A. M. Loeb

F. Beaufrand

A. Levingston

.

do

Sisters of Charity

H. R. Carson Panama Electric Co. do

Coca Cola Co

Article sold.

500 feet dredge pipe, 16-20 inch

.

Star well drill 8.9584 GT pipe fittings Lot 101 cl. loco, parts

Locomotive, Cooke No. 27 Locomotive, Cooke No. 36

21.071 GT scrap rail, 30-pound

Lathe, turret, DD-70

Machme, shear, rotary, splitting, B-3. Engine, hoisting, dbl. drum

7,317 pounds scrap iron

1 l;)oiler, Nagle, 80-horsepower, B-11.

.

1 boiler, Nagle, 80-horsepower, B-12.

.

Steam shovel, 70-ton, No. 108 Steam shovel, 70-ton, No. 124 Steam shovel, 70-ton, No. 134 Steam shovel, 95-ton, No. 205 Steam shovel, 95-ton, No. 206 Steam shovel, 95-ton, No. 212

2 boilers, Nagle, 100-horsepower

Roofing, galvanized

do

Pipe, 6-inch Channels

Nails, fin. 10-D

Sale value.

S175. 00

150.00

179. 17

1, 060. 13 450.00

400. 00

842. 84 125.00 200.00

150.00

737. 17 200.00

200. 00 900.00 900.00

900.00

1, 200. 00

1,200.00

1, 200. 00

200.00

200. 00

307. 03 3,060.00

2, 880. 00

373. 03

Table No. 6.

Houses, apartments, and occupants, by districts, of gold and

silver quarters, as of June 30, 1918.

Districts.

Gold.

Family. Bachelor.

Silver.

Family. Bachelor,

Total.

Family. Bachelor.

Ancon-Balboa:

Houses occupied

Booms or apartments

Number of occupants

.

Coro/al:

Houses occupied

Rooms or apartments

Number of occupants.

Paraiso-Pedro ]\Iiguel:

Houses occupied

Rooms or apartments

Number of occupants

,

Gamboa:

Houses occupied

Rooms or apartments

Number of occupants

.

Gatim:

Houses occupied

Rooms or apartments

Number of occupants

Cristobal: Houses occupied

Rooms or apartments

Number of occupants

Total:Houses occupied

Rooms or apartments

Number of occupants

473 1,036

3,660

6

8

18

97

172

511

4

9

21

52

138 448

158 395

1,299

790

1,758

5,957

73 784

878

36

10

9

94

110

4

1314

6

32

41

26

383

501

121 1,312

1,554

53 429 1,780

12

6

67

517

1,905

1264 239

55 504

1,386

61 409

1,722

249

1,925

7,038

30

174

769

325

62

19 142 640

9

49

170

10 110 436

25

41 1,932

96

541 4,009

526

1,465

5,440

71024

164 689

2,416

16

73 260

107 642

1,834

219

S04

3,021

1,039

3,683

12,995

103 958

1,647

6

3172

28 236

750

1362

184

16 142

477

51 424 2,433

217

1,853

5,563

Note.—The above does not include 9 and 64 apartments at Culebra, Empire, and Las Cascadas, accom- modating 9 gold families and 64 silver families, respectively.
174 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 7.

Operation of Hotel Tivoli Jiiltf 1, 1917, to June SO, 1918.

Month.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. January

February

March

April

May

June

Total...

Supplies

consumed.

Salaries and wages.

$6, 454. 36

6, 050. 00

4,069.23

4,143.97

3, 999. 92

5,027.79

6,329.46

5, 359. 37

5, 233. 17 5,111.89

5, 863. 31

4, 813. 66

02, 056. 13

82, 705. 64

2, 805. 10

2, 598. 39 2,643.11

2, 589. 70 2,573.27

2, 630. 07

2, 654. 85

2, 715. 84

3, 009. 51

2, 757. 90 2,912.17

32,595.55

Miscella- neous

expenses.

$3, 048. 82

3, 253. 63

3, 728. 99

2,308.09

2, 244. 95

2, 534. 13

2, 817. 24

3, 622. 79

2, 723. 20

2, 998. 09

2, 867. 03 2,617.67

34, 764. 63

Total cost

of operation.

$12,208.82

12, 108. 73

10, 996. 61

9, 095. 17 8,834.57

10, 135. 19

10, 776. 77

11,6.37.01 10,672.21

11,119.49

11,488.24

10,343.50

129, 416. 31

Revenue.

$12,136.35

9, 913. 20

8, 264. 60

8, 192. 25

7, 849. 45

10, 120. 75

11,664.50

11,443.05

10, 168. 70

11,24.5.70 11,736.95

9, 744. 75

122,480.25

Profit.

$887. 73

126. 21 248. 71

1,262.65

Loss.

$72. 47

2, 195. .53 2, 732. 01

902. 92

985. 12 14.44

193. 96

503. 51

598. 75

8, 198. 71

Net loss, $6,936.06; net loss, including repairs to building, $8,169.95.

Table No. 8.

Summary of operations of restaurants, July 1, 1917, to June 30,

1918.

Month.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. January .

.

February.

March

April

May

June

Total.

Supplies

consumed.

$31,.551. 07 30,025.39

28,931.41

30, 202. 96

26, 854. 22

28, 947. 36

28, 927. 56

25, 071. 98

29, 195. 27

26, 228. 73 26,931.71

27, 471. 82

Salaries and wages.

$5, 993. 71 6,165.76

6, 190. 08 6,927.12

6, 547. 78 6,231.89

6,380.26

6,3.56.81 6,615.01

6,37.5.72 6,391.72

6, 788. 01

Miscella- neous

expenses.

$3,221.48

3, .383. 19

2, 929. 03

2, 806. 56 2,918.81

2, 853. 85

3,312.59

2, .566. 61

2, 82,. 70

2, 728. 06

2, 987. 98

2, 962. 78

340,339.48 76,963.87 35,498.64

Total cost

of operation.

$40, 766. 26

39, .574. 34

38, 050. 52

39, 936. 64 36,320.81

38,033.10

38,620.41

33,995.40

38, 637. 98 35,332.51

36,311.41

37, 222. 61

452, 801.

Revenue.

.$40, 594. 15

38, 894. 67

36, 727. 03 38,729.13

36, 626. 82 38,151.00

39,553.17

34,362.33

38,158.93

35, 403. 53 37,112.82

39, 915. 86

454,229.44

Profit.

$306. 01

117. 90

932. 76

366. 93

71.02

801. 41

2, 693. 25

5, 289. 28

Loss.

$172. 11

679. 67 1,323.49

1, 207. 51

479. 05

3, 861. 83

Profit $1, 427. 45 Charges against restaurants for fuel, Light, repairs to buiidings, etc 21, 113. 97

Total 19, 686. 52

Profit on messes (see Table No. 9) 2, 330. 07

Net loss on laborers' messes and restaurants if charges for fuel, Ught, repairs to bmldings,

etc., had been made 17,356. 45
EEPOET OF CHIEF QUAETEEMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 175

Table No. 9.

Summary of operations, laborers' messes, July 1, 1917, to June

30, 1918.

Month. Supplies

consumed.

Salaries and wages,

Miscella- neous

expenses.

Total cost

of operation.

Revenue. Profit. Loss.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. January

February

March

April

May

June

Total...

$12, 046. 42

11,989.04

11,029.11

11,024.69

10, 315. 92

8, 415. 73

9, 207. 03

8, 162. 12

8, 873. 60

8, 429. 08

9, 573. 47

6, 746. 21

SI, 094. 31 1,056.36

1,063.72

1,213.53

1,215.76

1,252.75

1,223.84

1,141.19

1,163.05

1, 170. 84 1,185.82

1,186.60

?919. 84

1, 022. 63

693. 65

1, 137. 94

890. 22

708. 88

922.84

965. 71

918. 94

753. 55

, 883. 68

995. 93

$14,060.57

14,068.03

12, 786. 48

13,376.16

12, 421. 90

10, 377. 36

11,353.71

10, 269. 02

10, 955. 59

10, 353. 47

12, 642. 97

8, 928. 74

$14,090.36

12, 909. 74

12, 400. 26

13, 226. 07 13,088.85

11,046.54

12, 219. 89

10, 339. 21

11, 154. 58 11,212.33

12, 887. 36 9,348.88

$29. 79

666. 95

669. 18

866. 18 70.19

198. 99

858. 86

244. 39

420. 14

115,812.42 13, 967. 77 11,813.81 141, 594. 00 143, 924. 07 4, 024. 67

, 158. 29

386. 22

150. 09

1, 694. 60

Table No. 10.Obsolete and surplus material.

(Appraised value.)

On hand July 1, 1917 $583, 583. 50

Received during fiscal year 1918 185, 758. 98

Not yet taken up, but included in sales (surveys unac- complished) 10, 500. 00

779, 842. 48

Account sales, over appraised values, sales, and issues' R. F. S. (cars, etc.) 250,904.37

$1, 030, 746. 85

Shipped to the United States 38, 601. 17

Sales 352, 400.91

Transfers and issues 78, 056. 11

Survoj'ed and scrapped 201, 785. 08

670, 843. 27

Balance to account for June 30, 1918 359, 903. 58

Table 11.

American scrap operations.

American and shop
176 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 12.—Fuel oil handled.
REPORT OF CHIEF QUARTERMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 177

Table No. 14.

Statement showituj quantities of certain staple articles purchased during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, as compared ic-ith the

previous year.

Groceries and meats: Sugar pounds.

Milk, evaporated and condensed do. .

.

Tomatoes, In tins do. .

.

Flour do . . Com do... Rice do -

Fish , canned do . .

.

Coffee do...

Beef, native do. .

.

Fresh meats do. . Cured and pickled meats do. .

.

Butter do...

Milk, fresh gallons.

Eggs dozen. Hogs pounds.

Fresh vegetables: Potatoes, white do. .

.

Onions do... Cabbage do... Yams do... Fresh fruits: Apples do... Oranges dozen.

Grapefruit each.

1917

5, 448, 536

4, 325, 136

1, 105, 648

8, 118, 193

2, 239, 304

377, 498

689, 071 7,117,613

1, 832, 714

923, 206

430, 702

145, 800 753,874

7, 742, 630 1,062,012

803, 540

653, 833

970, 068

189,155

216, 533

1918

2,741,921

3,675,566

691,290

7,673,504

1 1, 881, 566

3, 740, 219 71,666

535, 703 20,171,423

457,385

200, 508

458, 976

138, 745

728, 522 2,091,231

6, 528, 482

959, 684

1, 149, 456

888, 724

813, 183 225,931

241,853

I Does not include 5,015 pounds of seed com.

Table No. 15.

Statement of conrparative selling prices for June 30, 1918^as

against June 30, 1917.

Prices.

Fresh meats:

Beef, stew (native)

Beef, chuck roast, 3 pounds and over (native).

Beef, rib roast, not under 3 pounds (native)

Beef, rump roast (special)

Beef, rimip roast (native)

Beefsteak, sirloin (special)

Beefsteak, sirloin (native)

Mutton, 1 oin chops

Pork, hams, fresh Pork, loin, chops

Veal, loin, chops

Cured and pickled meats:

Bacon, breakfast, whole piece

Ham, sugar-cured, whole

Poultry and game: Chickens, com-fed

Dairy products:

Butter, creamery, special

Eggs , fresh Fish:Codfish .dried

Fish, fresh (native)

Vegetables:

Onions

Potatoes, white

Fruits, fresh : Apples

Groceries: Beans, navy , dried

Coffee, groimd. No. 1 Com, sugar Flour ._ Lard compound .* Milk, evaporated

Peas, extra sifted Rice, 2d grade

Soap, laundry

Sugar, granulated

Tomatoes

Pound.

do..

do..

do.,

do., do.

do., do.,

do., do.

do.

.do.

.do.

.do.

do. Dozen.

Pound.

....do..

.do. .do.

.do.

do....

do.... Tins, 2s.. Pound...

do.... Tins, Is.. Tins, 2s.. Pound...

Cake

Sacks, 5s. Tins, 3s..

$0. 07

.10

.15

.29 .15

.30

.15

.38

.25 .32

.42

.43

.34 .43

.49

.46

.11 .11

.06 .08

.06'

.13 .20

.14 .056

.17

.14 .15

.05

.05

.39

.16

.08

.12

.17 .53 .18

.53 .18

.57 .32

.46

.47

.46

.45

.50

.52

.53

.18 .12

.04 .03

.10

.10 .20

.16

.075

.24

.14 .18

.08

.08

.42

.19
178 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 16.

Statement of articles purchased Ity the products buyer in Costa

Rica during period from July 1, 1911, to June SO, 1918.

Commodity.

Sugar

Oranges, tropical. .

.

Beets Cabbage

Carrots Kohl-rabi

Turnips

String beans

Green peas

Parsley

White potatoes

Tomatoes

Lettuce

Preserves Plantains

Young onions

Grapefruit, select... Sweet potatoes

Honey

Chayotes

Bananas

Chocolate

Sweet peppers

Grapefruit, tropical

.

Eggplant

Hay

Balsa wool

Cucumbers

Artichokes

Squash

Seeds

Radishes , Banana flour Guinea grass seed. .

.

Oranges, select Horse-radish

Cheese

White beans

Pineapple

Total.

Quantity.

214,800 pounds...

1,003,267 34,210 pounds...

268, 103 pounds..

332, 282 pounds..

153 pounds

73,768 pounds...

9,942 pounds

8,423 pounds

169 bunches

2,226,111 pounds

65,749 pounds . .

.

7,406 pounds

3,430 bottles

111,678

2,353 bunches

665 boxes

229,459 pounds .

.

1,245 pounds

9,105 pounds

8, 776 bunches...

159 pounds , 5,106 , 140,368 158 pounds

2,409 pounds

1,747 pounds

1,475 pounds

69 pounds

27,494 pounds

289 bunches .

.

1 sack

6,343 pounds . 999 boxes

131 pounds . .

.

93 pounds

6,000 pounds . 8,342 pounds

.

Amount.

$11, 283. 15 1,767.83

562,23

3, 176. 64

3,954.34 2.07

860. 19 191.44

230. 82

1.83 32,957.58

7,325.86

138. 29 2,401.00

641.11

17.43 1,410.00

2,416.08

63.85 41.47

2, 194. 00

45.00

27.81 490.84 5.56

15.66

268. 12 39.89

4.18

197. 87

15.25 3.20

7.50

1,099.34

2,990.50

5.11 36.27

210.00

92.81

80, 192. 12

Table No. 17.

Statement of Haitian, Colombian, and local purchases.

List of the more important articles 1 purchased by the products buyer in Haiti - during

period from Oct. 11. 1917,3

to June 30, 1918 : Chickens 968

Ducks 498

Turkeys 146

Beans pounds__ 105, 862

Coffee do 97, 298

Cottonseed meal do (>(>, 364

Corn pounds 106, 216

Corn, guinea do 10, 212

Grapefruit 27, 437

Honey ^pounds 7, 014

Plantains 94, 870

Potatoes, sweet pounds 44, 097

^ In addition to those enumerated, moderate quantities of other products were supplied, such as alligator pears, eggs, baskets, cottonseed oil, etc.

^ Total value of all purchases made in Haiti was $16,478.76.

^ Date of opening of agency.

* Small quantities of various other commodities were purchased at different times,

among them being sweet potatoes, bananas, grapefruit, palm oil, bran, lard, etc., and

several items of native manufacture, such as mochilas (hand bags), grass mats, etc.

* Total value of all purchases made in Colombia for the commissary division was

.?202,381.70. The superintendent, cattle industry, will include in his report information as to the cattle, horses, and seed purchased in Colombia and received on the Isthmus

during the fiscal year 1918.

List of the more important articles ^ purchased by the cattle buyer in Colombia ^ for

the commissary division during the period from July 1, 1917, to June 30, 1918 : Chickens

Ducks

Turkeys

Hogs

ShoatM

Butter pounds

Coconuts

Coffee pounds

Corn do

Molasses gallons

Sugar pounds--

Yams do

41, 837

4,677

5, 372

8, 229

423

. 4, 065

42, 980

50, 125

121, 728

13, 800

380. 000

375. 889
REPORT OF CHIEF QUAETEEMASTER, SUPPLY DIVISION. 179

List of the more important articles 1 purchased locally ^ by

the commissary division from

the plantations of the cattle industry,3 from Corozal farm

and Army truck gardens,

from local producers and

importing agencies, and by

the commissary local buyer,

Panama

:

Hogs pounds__ 813, 5Rr, Coconuts 67,123

Coffee pounds— 251, 224

Corn do 1, 137,957

Eggs dozen 55, 922

Fish pounds— 1, 377, 712

Grapefruit 13, 008

Lettuce pounds-- 31, 410

List of the more important articles purchased locally by the

commissary division, etc.

Continued.

Milk, fresh gallons— 19, 745

Onions pounds 69, 685

Oranges 928, 574

Papaya pounds

41, 547

Pineapples do 67, 784

Potatoes, white do 95, 772

I'otatoes, sweet do 278, 469

Rice do 2, 161, 500

Squash do 36, 387

String beans do 34, 389

Sugar do 340, 374

Tomatoes do 53, 539

Yams do 512,835

1 In addition to the commodities listed, various small purchases of fruits and vegetables

in season were made, including turnips, carrots, spinach, chayotes, parsley, eggplant,

celery, cucumbers, okras, watermelons, mangoes soursop, alligator pears, peppers, etc.

2 Total value of all local purchases was $398,775.77.

s Detail of all supplies received from Panama Canal pastures, plantations, etc., will be

Included in the report of the cattle industry.

Table No. 18.Produce furnished the commissary division by various plantations during the fiscal year 1918.

Akee 2, 148

Beans, string pounds 43, 930

Beans, green do 2, 290

Beans, Lima do 10, 009

Beets do 31

Bananas, large bunches 8, 126

Bananas, medium do 4, 856

Bananas, small do 851

Breadfruit 11, 360

Cabbage pounds 3, 573

Cucumber do 18, 606

Celery hunehes— 24, 673

Corn ears

3, 594

Corn, green dozen 3, 313

Corn, shelled pounds 572

Corn, unshelled do 6,238

Corn, seed do 1,687

Chayotes do 12, 152

Cabbage, Chinese bunches 143

Citron pounds 107

Coconuts, dry 66, 865

Coconuts, water 5, 781

Carrots pounds 518

Cane sugar sticks__ 10, 882

Chocolate balls— 4, 015

Cane sugar pounds 115, 800

Cane seed do 253. 000

Corn, Milo maize do 29, 500

Corn, seed head kafir do 19, 226

Lettuce do 23. 698

Onion green do 130, 094

Radishes bunches-- 72, 991

Spinach do 29, 0(55

Parley do 71, 807

Pepper, hot pounds 3, 172

Pepper, hot do^en 20, 715

Pepper, green pounds-- 16, 149

Eggplant do 9, 657

Tomatoes do 14, 399

Tomatoes do 45, 082

86372°—18 13

Mustard, green bunches 3, 653

Kale pounds 651

Squash do 14, 603

Limes 136, 269

Lemons 11, 682

Potatoes, sweet pounds 431, 144

Potatoes, white do 9, 223

Oranges, .sweet 239, 468

Oranges, sour 835

Pineapples 278

Watermelons pounds 22, 864

Melons, Cascaba 51

Okras pounds-- 89, 622

Endive, green bunches 2, 550

Mint do 3, 637

Ginger pounds 78

Papaya do 83, 372

Yams do 442, 660

Roselle do 884

Tangerines 1, 272

Palmettoes 386

Plantains 49, 196

Guavas dozen-- 17, 298

Peas, cow pounds 4, 310

Grapefruit 11, 360

Soursop pounds 4, 043

Yucas do 68, 472

Dasheen do 734

Yampee do 1, 805

Pears, Alligator 11, 405

Pears, Avocado 269

Mangoes 92,443 Mami 17

Nut palm pounds 1, 144

Oat grain do 2,000

Tania do 2, 157

Sunflower seed do 1, 710

Feterita , do 738, 139

Grass, sudan do 50

APPENDIX G.

REPORT OF THE AUDITOR IN CHARGE OF THE ACCOUNTING

DEPARTMENT.

Balboa Heights, Canal Zone,

Sepfemher 2S, 1918.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of transactions of the accounting department for the fiscal year ended June 30,

1918:

ORGANIZATION.

There has been little change in the organization of the accounting

department during the year. The department is divided into three

main divisions, viz, the division of auditing and accounting, under

the immediate direction of the auditor, and the assistant auditor on

the Isthmus, Mr. Elwyn Greene ; the division of collections, under the

collector, Mr. T. L. Clear; and the division of disbursement, under

the paymaster, Mr. John H. McLean. Judge B. F. Harrah has continued as assistant auditor in charge of the office of the department

in the United States. Mr. H. P. Merrill is disbursing clerk in tlie

Washington office. The work of the auditor's office is conducted

through four main bureaus—canal accounting and cost keeping, canal

auditing, railroad accounting, and claims—with other less important

bureaus and sections.

Px^YMASTER.

Disbursements to the amount of $29,962,046,32 were made during

the year b}^ the paymaster. Of this amount the sum of $11,273,380.32

was on account of the Panama Railroad Company. Employees on

the gold rolls of The Panama Canal were paid $6,269,614.59, and

those on the silver rolls $5,442,626.14, while the sum of $6,976,425.27

was paid on miscellaneous vouchers. (See Table No. 34.) Collections on pay rolls amounted to $3,897,644.15. Of this amount, the

sum of $3,048,091,07 was collected for coupon books and meal tickets,

$87,002.45 for rent, the remainder being for miscellaneous items. Of

the collections made on pay rolls, the sum of $3,659,820.51 was disbursed directly by the paymaster, the balance, $237,925.56, being

transferred to the collector's accounts. The Panama Branch of the

Commercial National Bank of Washington, D. C, was transferred to

the American Foreign Banking Corporation, the latter continuing as a Government depository as well as fiscal agent. Small deposits of

both Government and Panama Railroad funds are carried in this

181
182 THE PANAMA CANAL.

JDank. The cash situation on the Isthmus has tightened greatly during the year. The use of gold as well as Panaman silver in making payments has been practically discontinued. Paper currency and

a small quantity of American silver have been substituted. The climate greatly deteriorates paper money and requires its frequent re- placement. The sum of $1,622,000 has been brought by the paymaster

from the States for use in making payments.

COLLECTOR.

The collections during the year repaid to appropriations amounted

to $8,625,298.20. The sum of $6,738,334.09 was collected for deposit

as miscellaneous receipts. Of these amounts, the sum of $254,226.03

was received by the disbursing clerk in Washington. Deposits for

• the payment of tolls and bills for supplies and services were made

with the assistant treasurers of the United States, to the credit of the

collector, in the sum of $4,169,125.60. Similar deposits were made

with the collector on the Isthmus in the sum of $9,690,341.45. Of the

total, $13,859,467.05, the sum of $691,044.36 was refunded upon settlement of accounts. Money-order funds to the amount of $1,655,000

were transferred to the Postmaster General in the United States in

payment of money orders drawn on the United States. Other disbursements of miscellaneous trust funds to the amount of $297,-

260.46 were made by the collector. Collections were also made for

account of the Panama Railroad Company in the amount of $17,-

271,667.70. (See tables Nos. 35, 36, 40.)

ACCOUNTING TO THE TREASURY FOR COLLECTIONS.

During the past fiscal year, no examination of the collection ac- counts Avas made by employees from the offices of the Auditor for the

War Department and the Comptroller of the Treasury as contemplated by the provisions of section 3 of the sundry civil act of March

3, 1915, probably due to the stress of Government affairs in Washington. The reports submitted by the inspectors in prior years have

indicated that they were very well satisfied with the manner in which

the receipt and disbursement of Government funds on the Isthmus

were safeguarded.

TOLLS.

Tolls actually collected on vessels transiting the canal during the

year amounted to $6,439,083.99. In addition, the sum of $2,321.25

was collected for a vessel that passed through the canal during the

prior fiscal year. The statement of operation and maintenance shows

tolls earned as $6,454,198.35. This includes unpaid bills amounting

to $15,114.36, the main items being the tolls charged on certain Government-operated vessels that may not be finally held liable for tolls.

Under the ruling of the Attorney General, tolls' on vessels with cargo

or passengers are collected in accordance with the Panama Canal

rules of measurement only in cases where the amount derived by

multiplying the Panama Canal net tonnage by $1.20 per ton is less

than the amount ascertained l)y using the rate of $1.25 and the net

registered tonnage as defined by United States statutes. Had
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 183

Panama Canal rules been applied in all c'ases, the sum of $7,522,195.68

would have been collected. The limitation therefore resulted in a

loss to The Panama Canal during the past year of $1,083,111.69, as compared with a loss of $1,034,001.88' for the fiscal year 1917, and

$390,711.05 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1916, or a loss to the

canal since the decision of the Attorney General was applied, of

$2,507,827.62. This amount, plus the sum of $189,432.64, which was

tlie amount refunded during the year under the authority of the act

of Congress of June 12, 1917, on account of the erroneous collections

made prior to the ruling of the Attorney General, and approximately

$100,000 still to be* refunded, gives the total loss suffered by the canal

as $2,797,260.26. Vessels under foreign registry have been the beneficiaries and not the vessels of the United States, except a few American vessels carrying deck loads. The sum of $45,614.40 would have

been collected on deck loads had Panama Canal rules of measurement

been applied. The loss is 13.11 per cent of the total of $21,336,526.06

that would have been collected if Panama Canal rules only had been

applied.

CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES TO VESSELS PASSING THROUGH THE LOCKS.

Several small claims for damages to vessels passing through the

locks have been made in accordance with the provisions of section 5

of the Panama Canal act ; also a few claims for damage arising in the

canal and harbors. The sum of $26,525.82 has been paid in settlement

of these claims. All claims so far have been adjusted and settled by

mutual agreement without recourse to the courts, as authorized by

the Panama Canal act.

EXAMINATION OF PAY ROLLS.

The work of checking pay rolls under the provisions contained in

the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act, approved

August 23, 1912, that "Disbursing officers shall make only such ex- amination of vouchers as may be necessary to ascertain whether they

represent legal claims against the United States," has continued very

satisfactorily.

LIBERTY LOANS.

Through an arrangement with the local banks, subscriptions to

the first, second, and third Liberty loans were accepted for pay roll

deduction in five equal monthly installments. In this manner collections were made on the pav rolls during the past fiscal year to the

amount of $218,618.47 for the first Liberty loan, $339,960.35 for the

second Liberty loan, and $260,870.49 for the third Liberty loan. War

savings stamps were also sold for pay roll deduction to the amount of

$6,142.73. Collections were made on the pay rolls to the amount of

$34,276.80 for the Red Cross war relief fund".

CANAL APPROPRIATIONS.

Congress, to June 30, 1918, appropriated for the canal and the fortification thereof, a total of $441,375,781.44. Of this amount, $29,-

950,572.30 were for fortifications, $1,750,000 to cover seven annual
184 THE PANAMA CANAL.

payments of $250,000 each to the Republic of Panama for Canal Zone

rights, and $6,000 for the expense of presenting the launch Louise

to the French Government. The sum of $24,050,006.22 has been

specifically appropriated for the operation and maintenance, sanitation, and civil government of the canal and Canal Zone. Of the

amounts appropriated other than specifically for maintenance and

operation, the sum of $4,289,159 was charged against operation and

maintenance to the end of the fiscal year 1915, while $2,225,000 of

the general aj^propriations have been used for the stock of material

and supplies for the operation and maintenance of the canal. (This

amount has been found to be too small for the stock required; the

subject is discussed further below.) Deducting from the total appropriations the amount appropriated for fortifications, $29,950,-

572.30, for Panama $1,750,000, for presentation of the launch Louise

$6,000, for operation and maintenance $30,564,165.22, including the

amount for the stock of material and supplies, leaves $379,105,013.92

appropriated for the construction of the canal and its immediate

adjuncts. Of this amount, $3,600,000 appropriated for colliers and

coal barges, $2,093,190 for Dock No. 6, Cristobal, $300,000 for work

on the colliers Ulysses and Achilles^ $720,000 for reboilering and re- pairing the steamships Ancon and Cristobal., were specifically ex- empted by law as charges against the authorized bond issue. This

leaves the sum of $372,391,853.92 as chargeable against the bond issue.

The balance available for appropriation within the limit of the cost

of the canal and the autho'rized bond issue is $2,831,302.08, the actual

difference between the amount appropriated and the items which are

exempted as a charge against the bond issue being increased by the

appraised value of the American legation building in Panama,

$22,256, which was transferred to the Department of State.

Miscellaneous receipts to June 30, 1918, amounted to $26,434,-

907.57. Deducting tolls, $18,654,380.16, Canal Zone revenues collected since July 1, 1915, $401,773.61, profits on business operations,

$57,485.66, interest on the cost of public works in the cities of Panama and Colon and on bank balances, $441,225.85, and miscellaneous

collections, $764.26, gives the amount repaid on the cost of construction as $6,879,278.03. I have taken credit for the amount paid by

the Panama Railroad for subsidies, dividends and interest for The

Panama Canal Avould have obtained the benefit of these amounts in

reduced rates if they had not been added to the expenses of the

railroad. Deducting the amount repaid on the cost of construction

leaves the sum of $365,512,575.89 as the amount expended or on hand

for immediate expenditure for projects included within the estimate

upon which the cost of i\\& canal was based. The amount now

shown as the cost of the canal will be further reduced by receipts

from the sale of construction material and equipment and by the

collections to be made to cover the amount expended for waterworks,

sewers and pavements in the cities of Panama and Colon. The cost

of the canal as a commercial venture is also entitled to credit to the

value of buildings and other public works, equipment and plant

transferred to the Army, to the Alaskan Engineering Commission,

and to the State Department without any actual payment therefor.

The estimated value of items so transferred is $1,973,011.17, of which

$470,387.50 was paid for by the Canal Zone government. (See

tables Nos. 3, 4, and 12.) The status of the authorized bond issue is
REPORT OF AUniTOR. 185

shown in Table No. 1; the general balance sheet is published as Table No. 2.

EXCHANGE OF PROPERTY WITH PANAMA RAILROAD.

There is a loan standing against the Panama Railroad Company

to enable the company to reequip its line, $1,399,114.61, also one to

enable the company to take up its first-mortgage bonds, $1,848,217.50, a total of $3,247,332.11. By section 2 of the act of Congress of

March 4, 1911, it was provided that the company should not make

any further payment on the principal of or interest on the notes

given to the United States for the money appropriated for its use. As a result, the company has been enabled to construct docks at

Cristobal at an expenditure about equal to the amount of the loans.

Considerable equipment was purchased and paid for by The Panama

Canal which is required in connection with the operation of the

railroad and its steamshij^ line, viz, the steamships Panama and

Colon and a large amount of rolling stock. Certain docks at Balboa

have been constructed by The Panama Canal and others by the Panama Railroad Company. I can only repeat recommendations made

previously, that to simplify the transactions between the two interests, an exchange of property be made and that one interest only

have the title to each class of property. A provision authorizing

this was included in the estimates for the fiscal years 1917, 1918,

and 1919, but no action so far has been taken by the Congress. The

railroad should own all equipment used in railroad operations; also

the steamships it operates in its commercial business. The exchange

that has been contemplated would effect this result and the United

States would own directly all docks and terminal facilities at both

ends of the canal, and the outstanding accounts would be settled.

PUBLIC WORKS, PANAMA AND COLON.

Under the agreement with the Republic of Panama, which re- quires the reimbursement of the United States for expenditures connected with the construction, operation, and maintenance of waterworks, sewers, and pavements in the cities of Panama and Colon, the

expenditures to June 30, 1918, in Panama were $2,248,667.56 and

in Colon $2,113,123, a total of $4,361,790.56, including accrued

interest to date at the rate of 2 per cent per annum on the capital

cost balances and on the proportionate cost of waterworks in the

Canal Zone used for supplying water to the two cities, based upon

the quantity of water consumed. For the work in Panama, this

interest has amounted to $252,673.31, for the work in Colon $209,-

052.97, and for the proportionate cost of waterworks in the Canal

Zone $96,757.20, a total of $558,483.48. There has been reimbursed

to the United States, or is immediately due, the sum of $2,339,860.10,

leaving a balance due of $995,569.49 for the work in Panama and

$1,026,360.97 for the work in Colon, a total of $2,021,930.46 payable

in installments in the next 42 years. The amount which is payable

immediately under the agreement is $62,404.64 and is covered by bills

for the difference between the current charges for the work plus the

quarterly payments required and the amount collected as water rentals. The Panama Canal continues to maintain the pavements in the
186 THE PANAMA CANAL.

two cities under tlie temporary agreement reached at the beginning

of the fiscal year.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.

[Table Xo. 6.] There was expended in the operation and maintenance of the canal

the sum of $5,903,719.69 as against $6,788,047.60 last year. The re- duction was due entirely to the decreased expenditures for dredging

Gaillard Cut. The total cost of maintenance dredging was reduced

from $2,854,631.25 to $1,726,803.54. There were 2,285,273 cubic

yards of material removed from slides in Gaillard Cut at an average

cost of $0.6373 per cubic yard, while last year 8,149,634 cubic yards

of material were removed at an average cost of $0.3206 per cubic

yard. (For detailed costs see Table No. 26.)

The expense for operation and maintenance of the locks increased

from $737,430.39 expended during the fiscal 1917, to $744,961 ex- pended for the fiscal year 1918. The marine division expenses were

reduced from $313,036.43 to $293,546.28. This decrease was largely

due to the transfer of many pilots to the Naval Reserve Force and the

payment of a part of their salaries from naval funds. The charges

for the operation of floating derricks were reduced from $202,034.37

to $148,889.03. This reduction resulted from a change made in

charges to the resers^e to cover repairs, it being found that the earlier

rate used was too high. The direct charges for operation and maintenance totaled $3,077,068.37 as against $4,250,163-99 for the prior

year. The overhead expenses charged to operation and maintenance

amounted to $2,826,651.32, as against $2,537,883.61 charged for the

prior year. In the overhead expense accounts are included charges

for civil government amounting to $678,232.88; expenses for hospitals, quarantine, and sanitation, $635,854.03, and for administration,

including among the overhead accounts the executive department, the

accounting department, the Washington office, operation and repairs

to storehouses and quarters for employees, lighting of streets, operation and maintenance of waterworks and maintenance of sewer systems and roads—$2,822,156.23, of which $1,512,564.44 was charged

to operation and maintenance. The increase in overhead expenses is

due largely to an increase of over $200,000 in the amount expended

in repairing roads during the fiscal year.

Offsetting the total expenses for operation and maintenance are

the amounts earned as tolls for vessels transiting the canal during

the year, $6,454,198.35 (this amount differs from the amount actually collected for vessels transiting the canal by about $15,000, as

tolls were not received for a few Government-operated vessels) ; as

licenses and taxes, court fees and fines, $140,918.01 ; and as profits on

business operations, $6,159-56, or a total of $6,601,275.92. The rev- enues earned in excess of expenses amounted to $697,556.23, as against

a loss for the prior fiscal year of $979,648.90. These charges to operation and maintenance, with a few minor excej^tions, do not include

charges for depreciation of plant and equipment. Interest on the

capital investment is also excluded.

The total of the expenses charged to operation and maintenance

to date is $23,980,676.44, as against the total revenues from tolls, civil

govermnent collections and profits on business operations of
KEPORT OF AUDITOR. 187

$19,136,786.73, a deficit of $1,843,889.71, which will be increased by

not exceeding $100,000 when refunds of tolls erroneously collected

are made. This deficit would have been reduced to $2,146,629.45 had

Panama Canal tonnage rules been applied.

BUSINESS OPERATIONS.

[Table 2V'o. 7.] The total revenues derived from business operations carried on

with Panama Canal funds amounted to $10,324,071.91, as against a

total of $7,579,588.44 received during the prior fiscal year. The cost

of carrying on these operations cluring the present fiscal year

amounted to $10,317,912.35, leaving a net profit of $6,159.56 to be

covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts under the Panama Canal act and the regTilar Panama Canal appropriation

act. The net profit for the fiscal year 1917 was $39,427.66

and for 1916 $11,898.44. This is an exceedingly small profit,

for the amount of business transacted and is due to the policy

that has been adopted of making the charges in most cases so as to

barely cover the cost. Shopwork, work for the Panama Eailroad

and other departments of the Government, and all services rendered

for employees (the major items), are performed at cost, except that

subsistence and hospital services rendered employees are consistently

rendered at a loss. This rule has been applied to the following items:

General construction and repair work, $1,826,134.91, mainly for the

Panama Eailroad and other departments of the United States Government; shop and electrical work, $2,901,643.55, for the Panama

Eailroad, other departments of the Government, and shipping;

subsistence, mainly to employees, $813,924.93 ; sales of material from

stock, $1,629,393.44 (a surcharge is added on material sold to outsiders, but these sales are small) ; health department services, $561,-

942.44; and miscellaneous services for the Panama Eailroad, $411,-

088.56 ; a total of $8,147,211.80.

Fair profits were made on sales of water, dry dockage at Balboa,

and sales of fuel oil. The profit on the use of the dry dock at Balboa

was due to the fact that it was used considerably more than contemplated when the rates were originally fixed. The increase in business operations at the canal are well shown by the increase in the

numbers and amounts of formal bills registered, as follows: In 1915,

8,686, amounting to $12,197,170.74; in 1916, 12,754, amounting to

$11,786,187.91; in 1917, 16,386, amounting to $17,007,342.16; and in

1918, 22,070, amounting to $20,887,460.60. In addition, Panama

Eailroad commissary bills increased from 10,733, amounting to

$3,459,038.28, in 1917, to 13,100, amounting to $4,838,725.57, in 1918;

the regular Panama Eailroad bills increased from 9,285, amounting

to $8,993,007.41, to 9,652, amounting to $10,282,388.24, or a total increase from 1917 to 1918 in numbers from 36,404 to 44,822 bills and

in amount from $29,459,387.85 to $36,008,574.41.

The charges to the various accounts into which the business operations are classified include the direct costs, the proper proportion of

the indirect expenditures of the division performing the work, in

some cases a charge for depreciation of plant and equipment, and

10 per cent additional to cover the general overhead expenses of the
188 THE PANAMA CANAL.

canal. Charges for depreciation are made in comparatively few

cases, the main accounts to which depreciation is charged being electric work, electric current, tug services, handling and sales of fuel

oil, dry dockage, dredging operations, and storehouse accounts. No

charge is made for the use of the plant or equipment of the shops,

it having been considered that the shops were built and equipped on

their present large scale so as to provide facilities for repairing naval

vessels, and that commercial business could not bear the charges

necessary to cover these items. The percentage to cover overhead

expense that is added to the business operations is not the average

overhead expense incurred by the canal. The percentage was fixed

to include as nearly as practicable only the additional expenses incurred by the Panama Canal organization on account of handling

other operations than the primary functions of operating and maintaining the canal. The overhead expenses that are absorbed in part

by charges to business operations include the expenses incurred in

operating and maintaining quarters and storehouses, purchasing, inspecting, distributing, and accounting for material and supplies,

transporting employees to and from the Isthmus, together with the

expenses of paying them and furnishing them such privileges as

transportation on the Isthmus and as are afforded by the clubhouses.

The total overhead expenses for the year amounted to $5,518,-

837.02. This includes not only the classes of expenses referred to

above but also expenses of the executive office, which in part only

are considered as properly chargeable to outside interests, the expense

of surveys, meteorology and hydrography, civil government, and

sanitation. This amount was distributed against maintenance and

operation of the canal, construction, fortification, business operations,

and certain miscellaneous items. Against the expenses for construction, fortifications, and the miscellaneous items 10 per cent of the

division cost was added to cover overhead expenses; in the cost of

business operations $627,211.16 was added on the basis of 10 per cent;

$411,088.56 was charged directly on account of work being done for

the Panama Railroad, or a total charge for overhead expenses of

$1,038,299.72 on a division cost of $9,276,247.27, the amount charged

being a little less than 12 per cent. The expense of handling material

in the storehouses is about 18 per cent of the value of the material

issued, while only 10 per cent is charged as the additional cost of

handling such material for operations other than the operation and

maintenance of the canal. The percentage added for overhead ex- penses is certainly a reasonable one, is believed to have been fair to

all interests, and no change therein is recommended at the present

time.

MATERIAL AND SUPPLIES.

For use in making estimates for appropriations, for furnishing to

stores and divisions statements of the value of material issued by or

to them, and to aid in controlling the purchases to the amount appropriated, a material classification of 145 different classes has been

adopted. Tabulating machines are used in the compilation of the

necessary data, and these machines are operating very satisfactorily.

The value of materials and supplies in the storehouses on June 30,

1918, amounted to $6,747,688.26, as compared with $6,048,984.70 on
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 189

July 1, 1917. In addition there was in the hands of divisions material not charged into the accounts to the amount of $1,077,438.31.

Material issued during the year amounted to $8,773,192.96, while the

sales amounted to $1,484,849.90. For the prior year, issues and sales

amounted to $8,797,096.55 and $548,988.32, respectively. (For further information see Tables Nos. 57 and 58.)

The value of the stock carried is out of all proportion to the

amount of cash that is appropriated and is available for the maintenance and operation of the canal. In 1915 it was estimated that

$2,225,000 would be sufficient to cover the material and supplies re- quired. The great expansion in business operations, including work

for other departments of the United States Government, repairs to

ships, the supplying of fuel oil and other material and supplies, the

difficulty in replacing stock within what was a reasonable time under

peace conditions, and the rapid increases in prices, have made it

necessary to use for material a sum three times the amount originally

estimated. It has only been possible to carry this stock by making

use of construction appropriations and by drawing more largely

upon the maintenance and operation appropriations than satisfactory, though perfectly legal, use of that appropriation warranted.

By the end of the present fiscal year there must be a reduction in

stock of $3,000,000 or an additional appropriation for stock must be

obtained to properly and satisfactorily handle this matter. A re- duction of about $1,000,000 is assured through the use of stock of that

value in construction work which will not require replacement. An

ajDpropriation of $2,000,000 should therefore be obtained for the purpose of carrying the balance, as the supply department claims that it

is impossible to reduce further and supply the necessary requirements

of the canal, the railroad, the other United States interests located

on the Isthmus, and shipping, etc. The making of the appropriation

will not result in an increase in the present stock ; it will enable the

present stock on hand to be paid for without encroaching on moneys

primarily designed for other uses. The capital for carrying on the business operations of the canal,

which last year amounted to over $10,000,000, is supplied by the appropriation for maintenance and operation. Until last year the estimates that have been made under this appropriation and all the appropriations that have heretofore been made have been limited to the

amount required for current expenses. The time has come when a

fund must be provided which will permit the carrying on of the es- sential functions of the canal without the necessity for the exceedingly careful watching required in the past and without using funds

necessary for other purposes. An appropriation of $2,000,000 is immediately necessary and should be urgently requested.

CONSTRUCTION OF CANAL AND CAPITAL ADDITIONS.

[Tal)les Nos. 16 et seg.]

During the fiscal year just ended there were classified as construction of canal $4,144,218.31, which amount included $348,137.74 for

overhead expenses, leaving $3,827,870.58 directly charged bv (Uvisions.

In addition there were expended for capital additions $801,924.21,

which amount included $78,250.48 for overhead expenses. The principal items included in the cost of the above are as follows

:
190 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Dredging from Gatiin to Pedro Miguel, $67,804.78, includes 120,000

cubic yards of rock removed from Gaillarcl Cut at an average cost of

$0.5630 per cubic yard. (See Table No. 24.)

From Pedro Miguel to the sea there were expended $292,558.52 in

dredging. 319,880 cubic yards of material at an average cost of

$0.9146 per cubic yard. Of this material 48 per cent was earth and

52 per cent rock. (See Table No. 24.)

There were expended for the power producing and transmitting

system $618,886.72, which includes the extension of the Gatun hydro

electric station $176,013.23, and operating machinery for same $329,-

165.62; transformer substations, $108,177.24; duct lines, $1,695; and

distribution lines, $3,241.53.

"In, continuing the construction of the Atlantic terminal, $26,127.55

were expended for the Cristobal coaling plant and $41,243.18 for the

Mount Hope fuel-oil plant ; $36,986,42 of this amount being expended

in construction of concrete tank No. 43.

In the construction of concrete quays, wharves, and piers at Cristobal, $611,142.44 werQ expended for the construction of Pier No. 6,

and boathousQ between Piers Nos. 7 and 8. (See Tables Nos. 18

and 19.)

In continuing the construction of the Pacific terminal there were

expended in preparatory work $47,792.85; dredging inner harbor,

$379,573.88, involving the removal of 1,255,833 cubic yards of material b}^ dredges at an average cost of $0.3244 per cubic yard, and the

pumping of 687,713' cubic yards of spoil in connection with the rec- lamation of land at an average cost of $0'.O140 per cubic yard.

Balboa shops, $204,508.97, the principal item being $146,996.46 for

equipment.

Quays, wharves, and piers, $58,307.67, the principal item, entering

into this expense being rat-proofing, $46-,673.89.

Fuel-oil plant, $29,171.49, this entire amount being expended in

connection with dredging berth for ships.

For permanent townsites there were - expended $174,281.57, the

principal items entering into this expense being Balboa townsite,

$65,423.03, of which amount $26,513.99 covered lot improvements

and $33,860*.99 underground duct system; Colon Beach townsite,

$78,581.33, the main items being for general work and sewer system.

(For further details, see Table No. 21.)

For permanent buildings there were expended $1,284,935.04, the

principal items and their cost being: Storehouses, $12,500.58; hotels

and mess halls, $29,669.08 ; gold quarters, $46,464.13 ; silver quarters,

$94,293.79 ; hospitals, $774,038.17, consisting of $35,235.01 for Colon

Hospital and $738,803.16 for Ancon Hospital ; dispensaries, $46,254.74

;

schoolhouses, $56,18^.48 ; incinerator, $105,034.28. (For further details, see Table No. 22.)

For construction of roads, not included in townsites, there were

expended $150,707.79.

There were charged to real estate for depopulation of the Canal

Zone, $298,556.17, l)eing awards of the Joint Commission and settlements by the land office.

Among the miscellaneous items of construction there were

$26,185.26 charged to Zone water supply system, and $17,225.77 to

Cristobal shop.
BEPORT OF AUDITOR. 191

MANUFACTURING PLANTS.

During the fiscal year just ended 219,514 cubic yards of sand and

gravel were reclaimed from the Chagi-es River at an average Cost

of $0.8422 per cubic yard. (See Table No. 27.)

The Gatun hydroelectric plant and the Miraflores steam electric

power plant generated 45,214,312 kilowatt hours during the past

year at an average production cost of $0.0077 per kilowatt hour. Included in the above cost is a charge for depreciation of the power

transmission system of $96,000, or $0.0021 per kilowatt hour. (See

Table No. 28.)

The Ancon-Balboa-Panama waterworks system produced 2,383,-

670,000 gallons of water at an average cost of $0,0754 per thousand

gallons. Of this amount, 865.058,000 gallons were used in the city of

Panama. The Gatun system produced 428,401,000 gallons of water

at an average cost of $0.1036- per thousand gallons. The ColonCristobal system produced 1,442,275,000 gallons at an average cost of

$0.0871 per thousand gallons. Of this amount, 591,209,000 gallons

were used in the city of Colon. (See Tables Nos. 29-31.)

CANAL ZONE ACCOUNTS.

Since July 1, 1915, the revenues derived by the Canal Zone government from licenses and taxes, court fees, and fines, postal receipts,

etc., which had theretofore been appropriated separately for the support of the Canal Zone government, have been deposited in the

Treasury of the United States and credited to miscellaneous receipts.

The collections for licenses and taxes during the year amounted to

$12,532.38 ; court fees and fines, $19,668'.28 ; postal receipts, $107,-

165.85; with miscellaneous items amounting to $1,323.50; a total of

$140,690.91. During the prior year the sum of $131,478.90 was collected. The cash balances of Canal Zone and miscellaneous funds

in the hands of the collector have decreased from $1,090,252.70 on

June 30, 1917, to $945,061.95 on June 30, 1918. All of the expense

of the Canal Zone were paid out of the regular appropriations for

civil government, as contemplated by the appropriation acts. (See

Table No. 40.)

During the year 168,022 money orders to the value of $3,382,663.69

were issued, as against 173,475 to the value of $3,782,763.71 during

the previous year, or a decrease of $400,100.02. This decrease was

due to the fact that employees have diverted their savings from

money orders to Liberty loan bonds and war savings stamps. Since

the establishment of the money order business on the Isthmus,

•2.188,262 orders have been issued to the. value of $51,216,396.56.

There have been paid $36,498,269.93 on money orders drawn on the

United States. (See Tables Nos. 41-45.)

CLUBHOUSE ACCOUNTS.

The revenues derived from the operation of the various clubhouses

amounted to $365,701.50, as compared with $233,544.22 received during the prior fiscal year. The disbursements amounted to $352,912.70.

Soda fountain, receipts amounted to $160,563.63; cigars and candies,
192 THE PANAMA CANAL.

$112,332.77; moving pictures, $21,253.73. These items show large in- creases over prior years' receipts, while the receipts on account of

membership fees were reduced from $8,738.07 to $3,835.27. The cash

balance on hand June 30, 1918, including amounts due for commissary coupons and from other sources, amounted to $38,671.41. (See

Tables Nos. 46-^9.)

CLAIMS FOR INJURIES AND DEATHS.

During the past fiscal year there were reported 3,413 accidental

injuries and 35 accidental deaths of emploj^ees, as against 4,068 ac- cidental injuries and 39 accidental deaths reported during the prior

year. Of the number reported during the fiscal year 1918, compensation was allowed in 1,495 cases of injuries and 3 cases of deaths.

Of the injury cases disallowed, 1,728 were on account of the fact that

period of disability was for less than 3 days, 2 for the reason that

disability commenced more than 6 months after the injury, 44 because evidence was insufficient to establish claim, 48 for the reason

that injury was not received in the performance of duty, 27 because

disability was not the result of the injury, 5 for failure to give notice

required by the act, 2 for the reason that the evidence showed intention to cause injury to self or another, and 5 because the evidence

showed diability to have been caused by willful misconduct.

Ten death claims were disapproved, 8 for the reason that death

resulted from injuries received while not in the performance of duty

or directly engaged in actual work, 1 for the reason that the evidence

showed death to have been caused through intention to cause injury

to self or another, and 1 because death was caused by willful misconduct of the employee.

The sum of $42,396.54 was allowed on account of injuries to employees of The Panama Canal and Panama Railroad Company, and

the sum of $3,848.77 was allowed on account of deaths, or a total of

$46,245.31 allowed under the act of September 7, 1916. In addition,

paj-ments to the amount of $185.98 for injuries and $740.18 for

deaths were made under the Executive order of March 20, 1914. The

total amount paid by The Panama Canal as compensation on account

of injuries and deaths of emploj^ees from Augiist 1, 1908, the effective

date of the act of May 30, 1908, to June 30, 1918, was $1,471,115.91.

Further details as to the amounts paid, the causes of accidents, and

the nature of the injuries received, will be found in Tables Nos. 50-56.

COUPON BOOKS.

The use of the coupon book in the form of a mileage book has

been continued through the year. Books to the value of $4,131,235

have been issued to employees for pay roll deduction, and $1,703,-

154.13 sold for cash, as compared with $3,726,495 issued for pay roll

deduction and $1,660,000.25 sold for cash during the prior year. In

addition, commissary books were issued to officers of the United

States Army, contractors, etc., to the value of $90,237.50. The use

of sales slips in the commissaries has almost entirely been discontinued. Wlien a sale is made, the saloman registers the amount on a

cash register and immediately deposits the detached coupons in a
REPORT OF AUDTTOR. 193

locked compartment; these coupons are sent to this office each day

without being tampered with in any way. In a package separate

from the coupons are sent the tapes from the cash registers, which

are collected each day by the manager or other responsible employee

of the commissary and on which are inserted the cash register readings. The coupons are counted by means of measuring machines,

three of which are electrically operated and five hand operated. If

there is any material difference between the amount of the coupons as determined by the measuring machines and the amount as shown

by the cash register readings, a recount is made, and if a shortage

still exists which can not be explained the salesman is held responsible for the difference.

During the past year meal tickets to the value of $132,766 were

issued to the silver employees as compared with $137,649.89 issued

during the prior year. (For further details see Table Xo. ?,d.)

INSPECTION" OF ACCOUNTS.

The accounts of all officials and employees charged with the collection, disbursement, and custody of Panama Canal, Canal Zone,

and Panama Railroad funds, or with other funds which are semipublic, have been examined at frequent and irregular periods, as contemplated by the regulations. There were 563 examinations made

during the year. These inspections involve the counting of cash and

the examination of over 160 money accounts, besides a number of

accounts of clerks issuing coupon books, meal tickets, and other

papers having a money value. No cases of default developed during

the year.

TIME INSPECTION.

The inspection of time books and methods of timekeeping has

been continued on the same general plan as heretofore used. During

the year, 11,634 gangs were inspected, involving the checking of

755,568 employees. Many minor errors in the keeping of time were

discovered and corrected. There were also discovered some cases of " padded " time books and cases where time had been given erroneously by timekeepers for the purpose of securing commissary books

for themselves, in a few of which cases it was possible to make arrests

and secure convictions. The known saving to the canal through the

time-inspection bureau was slightly over $4,500; the indirect saving

can not be estimated.

FREIGHT CLAIMS.

During the fiscal year 1918 the freight-claim section handled 3,034

new claims, involving approximately $240,000, as compared with

4,687 claims involving over $300,000 handled during the prior year.

The amount paid on account of claims and charged to the Isthmus

operating accounts was $61,952.17, while considerably in excess of

$60,000 will be charged against steamer operations. The exact figures of the latter are not available on the Isthmus.
194 THE PANAMA CANAL.

BONDS OF EMPLOYEES.

The schedule bond of employees of the canal, executed to insure

the faithful performance of their duties, was renewed with the

Maryland Casualty Co. at the rates provided for the preceding year,

namely, 65 cents lor postal clerks, $1.25 for postmasters, and $1.70

for other employees. An agreement was also entered into with the

Maryland Casualty Co. whereby said company became surety for

Panama Railroad employees on the Isthmus at the same rates and

under the same conditions applying to Panama Canal employees.

This agreement, however, will not become effective until during the

fiscal year 1919. This will greatly simplify the transfer of bonded

employees between The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad,

which is frequently necessary in the best interests of the service.

Upward of 200 employees were bonded during the whole or part

of the year.

OPERATIONS WITH PANAMA RAILROAD COMPANY FUNDS.

The railroad operations on the Isthmus consist of the operation of

the railroad proper, harbor terminals (mainly covering the transfer

of cargo between vessels), coaling plants at Cristobal and Balboa,

and the stables in Colon and Panama, the transfer of baggage, the

operation of motor busses in Ancon and Balboa and the motor-car

repair shop, all under the superintendent of the railroad ; the operation of the telephone system under the electrical engineer of The

Panama Canal; the rental of lands and buildings under the land

agent, repo'rting to the special attorney; and operations under the

supply department of The Panama Canal, which include the commissaries, plantations, cattle industry, dairy farm, poultry farm, hog

farm, and the Hotel Washington, No change of importance has

been made in the system of accounts of the railroad company during

the past year. Monthly statements are prepared which show at a

glance the total revenues, the total expenses^ the net income from

month to month from the various operations.

RAILROAD^ HARBOE;, TERMINALS^ ETC.

The operations of the railroad proper show a profit of $315,967,46

during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, as compared with a profit

of $18,730.66 for the prior year, or an increase of $297,236.80. This

increase was largely due to a decrease of $265,087.61 in railroad expenses, the balance being due to an increase in railroad revenues.

The gross revenues from harbor terminal operations amounted to

$1,405,579.62, and the expenses to $1,170,435.49, leaving the net

revenue derived from this source as $235,144.13 as compared with

a net revenue of $135,425.78 for the prior year. The revenues at the

Atlantic terminals amounted to $1,332,853.31, as compared with

$1,281,169.50 for the prior year, or an increase of $51,683.81. The

revenues at the Pacific terminals amounted to $72,726.31, which is an

increase of $3,625.87 over the previous year. The expenses at the

Pacific terminals show a decrease of over $50,000.

The receipts from the sale of coal during the year amounted to

$5,283,029.25. netting a profit of $1,016,784.91, as compared with
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 195

sales to the amount of $3,467,178.40, netting a profit of $523,003.03

for the prioi* year. The total cost of unloading, storing and delivering coal, including repairs to plants, depreciation on plants and

equipment, and interest on the Panama Canal investment, amounted

to $1,022,742.70.

Stable operations, baggage transfer, motor busses, and motor-car

machine shop also showed losses during the year; although the rev- enues at the Hotel Washington during the year were increased by

$1,714.78, the cost of operation increased to such an extent that the

net results was a loss in operation of $15,465.92, as compared with a

gain of $2,464.99 last year.

The amount derived from the rental of land during the past year

was $111,565.23, against which an expense of $16,691.72 was diarged,

leaving a net revenue of $94,873.51, as compared with $95,085.14 for

the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917. After deducting repairs, dfipreciation, and other operating expenses, the net revenue derived

from the rental of buildings was $2,728.52, as compared with $7,-

623.63 for the prior year.

The operation of the telephone system during the year cost $126,-

117.04, while the revenues amounted to only $119,992.54, resulting in

a loss of $6,124.50, as compared with a profit of $7,607.97 last year.

The telephone system, however, is operated primarily for the convenience of the canal and railroad and is not a commercial venture.

COMMISSARY.

The commissary accounts show that supplies to the value of $8,-

186,209.83 were purchased during the year, ag compared with purchases during the preceding year amounting to $8,218,597.56. Included in these purchases is the sum of $1,738,854.65 for cattle, hogs,

and poultry slaughtered on the Isthmus during the year 191^ and

$811,923.97 for the year 1917. Supplies costing delivered on the

Isthmus $8,499,138.31, including the beef, hogs, and poultry just re- ferred to, were sold for $10,239,703.37, an increase of $1,690,782.24

over the previous year. The net profits for the year were $242,-

677.27, as compared with $194,605.01 for the prior year. The c. i. f

.

value of supplies on hand June 30, 1918, was $2,395,388.47, as agamst

$2,708,316.95 on June 30, 1917. On January 1. 1918, the branch commissaries at Las Cascadas, Empire, Culebra, Corozal, Toro Ponit,

and Fort Kandolph were turned over to the United States Army.

At present there are 11 retail commissaries in optjration, and 21 manufacturing plants. During the year a new commissary was built at

Eed Tank at a cost of a little over $15,000. The total commissary

investment amounts to $5,480,686.84 made up as follows : Commissary

plant, stores, and other property, $1,570,634.81; equipment, $90,-

561.05; uncompleted improvement and construction work, $424,-

102.51; supplies on hand, $2,395,388.47; floating capital approximately, $1,000,000. The profits were 4.43 per cent on the investment, and 2.37 per cent on the sales. The total profits from commissary operations since August, 1905, amount to $1,167,254.98, but considerably in excess of that amount has been expended since tnat time

in improving and enlarging the plant. The amount set up as ac- crued depreciation is $500,955.01. A new cold-storage plant is being

86372°—18 14
196 THE PANAMA CANAL.

built at Mount Hope, estimated to cost approximately $800,000. The

amount expended to June 30, 1918, was $418,703.27. A new slaughterhouse at Cristobal is also under construction estimated to cost

$225,000. (See Tables Nos. 59 and 60.)

FARM INDDSTSIES.

The accounts of the cattle industry have continued to be kept so as to show separately the amount paid for cattle, purchasing ex- penses, transportation expenses, consisting mainly of the operation

of the steamships Caribhecm and Culebra (the latter having been

transferred from The Panama Canal in April, 1918), and pasturing

expenses. During the year there were purchased 23,275 fat cattle,

costing $1,028,964.15, and 5,170 young cattle, costing $124,296.79, or

a total expenditure for cattle of $1,153,260.94, as compared with

$641,634.52 expended for the prior year. The purchasing expenses

during the year amounted to $9,280.47; operating expenses of the

steamers Caribbean and Culebra^ $262,642.39^ against which there is

a credit of $26,143.81 for freight earned outside of cattle shipments;

and pasture operations, $90,094.54, making a total of $335,873.59 for

operating the industry. During the year 21,898 cattle were turned

over to the abattoir, for which the commissary was charged $1,246,-

749.91, and which resulted in a profit to the cattle industry of $100,-

863.36. The following amounts are invested in the cattle industry:

Cost of making pastures, including cost of construction of buildings,

fences, etc., $604,940; uncompleted work in the pastures, $79,444.80;

equipment, $299,613.48 ; other material. $13,925.72 ; value of cattle on

hand, $423,062.26; otlier live stock, $21,852.80; making a total of

$1,442,839.06.

Expenses in connection with the operation of plantations during

the fiscal year 1918, amounted to $203,401.68. The value of produce

sold amounted to $75,634.10, and the difference, $127,767.58, is partly

made up of losses on crops already harvested, and partlj^ represents

the cost of planting and cultivating crops which have not been

harvested. The total investment in plantations to June 30, 1918,

representing the cost of clearing and preparing the ground, planting fruit trees, and the erection of necessary buildings, etc., amounts

to $212,134.30, with an additional sum of $1,546.34 to cover uncompleted improvement and construction work and $21,853.80 for equipment. If there is added to these items the amount of $138,461.83,

expended in the operation of the plantations during the fiscal years

1917 and 1918, in excess of the revenues derived from produce, the

result gives a total investment in plantations of $373,996.27.

During the last fiscal year a dairy farm was started at Mindi for

the purpose of supplying fresh milk to employees. The investment

in buildings and equipment amounts to $107,949176. Cows to the

number of 576, valued at $30,523.16, produced 23,704 gallons of milk

during the last six months of the fiscal year 1918. The sale value

of this milk was $12,746.98, and the operations of the dairy for this

period resulted in a profit of $6,815.69. The operations of the poultry farm and the hog industry resulted in a slight loss for these industries. The amount expended on buildings, etc., for the poultry

farm was $108,056.22, and for poultry, $29,539.92. The investment in
REPORT OF AtTDITOR!: 197

buildings, fences, etc., at the hog farm amounts to $47,604.78; the

vahie of the hogs on hand June 30, 1918, was $12,201.19.

All the operations of the railroad on the Isthmus show a net rev- enue of $1,762,122.98, as compared with $1,000,419.06 for the preceding year. During the year nearly $2,000,000, representing completed

improvements, was set up in the capital account of the company.

This includes $775,000 paid The Panama Canal toward the Panama

Railroad Company's $1,000,000 investment in the Cristobal coaling

plant, that being the amount the railroad company agreed to consider as its proportion of the total cost of the plant. The statements

of revenues, expenses, and statistics of the Panama Railroad Company will be published in the annual report of that company. The

essentials are included here so as to cover in one place, in a general

way, all of the operations on the Isthmus.

Respectfully submitted.

H. A. A. Smith,

Auditor^ The Panama Canal.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Governor, The Panama Canal, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone.

INDEX OF TABLES SUBMITTED WITH REPORT OF THE AUDITOR,

THE PANAMA CANAL, FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1918.

Table 1. Status of authorized bond issue.

Table 2. General balance sheet.

Table 3. Statement of appropriations by Congress.

Table 4. Detail of miscellaneous receipts, United States funds.

Table 5. Statement of overhead expenses and distribution thereof, fiscal year

1918.

Table 6. Statement of operation and maintenance of canal.

Table 7. Statement of profit and loss on business operations.

Table 8. Statement of equipment and tools.

Table 9. Detail of work in progress.

Table 10. Detail of material and supplies.

Table 11. Statement of assets received from Canal Zone government.

Table 12. Statement of assets transferred to other departments of United

States Government.

Table 13. Statement of Panama Canal property operated by Panama Railroad. ^ ^ ^ , Table 14. Statement of Panama Railroad property operated by Panama Canal.

Table 15. Statement of reserves. Table 16. Construction of canal to June 30, 1918.

Table 17. Capital additions.

Table 18. Detailed cost of Dock No. 6. Table 19. Detailed cost of Atlantic terminals.

Table 20. Detailed cost of Pacific terminals.

Table 21. Detailed cost of permanent townsites.

Table 22. Detailed cost of permanent buildings.

Table 23. Detailed cost of power producing and transmitting system.

Table 24. Unit cost of construction dredging, fiscal year 1918.

Table 25. Unit cost of dredging inner harbor and reclaiming land, fiscal year

Table 26. Unit cost of maintenance, dredging, fiscal year 1918.

Table 27. Unit cost of sand and gravel production, fiscal year 1918.

Table 28. Unit cost of electric current, by months, fiscal year 1918.

Table 29. Unit cost of water per 1.000 gallons, Ancon-Balboa-Panama system,

fiscal year 1918. ^ . ^ ^ ^ « , Table 30. Unit cost of water per 1,000 gallons, Colon-Cristobal system, fiscal

year 1918.
198 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table 31. Unit cost of water per 1,000 gallons, Gatun system, fiscal year 1918.

Table 32. Cost of operation and maintenance of quarters, fiscal year 1918.

Table 33. Statement of appropriation, receipts, and disbursements, fiscal year

1918.

Table 34. Disbursements by fiscal ofiicers.

Table 35. Classified statement of collections.

Table 36. Statement of collector's special-deposit account.

Table 37. Audited pay rolls. Table 38. Accounts receivable registered.

Table 39. Statement of commissary books and coupons and meal tickets.

Table 40. Canal Zone funds, balances with collector.

Table 41. Value of money orders issued and paid to June 30, 1918.

Table 42. "Value of money orders issued and paid, by months, to June 30, 1918.

Table 43. Postal service revenues to June 30, 1918.

Table 44. Postal service revenues, by months, to June 30, 1918.

Table 45. Statement of postal-savings transactions, by months, fiscal year 1918.

Table 46. Clubhouse receipts in detail, fiscal year 1918.

Table 47. Clubhouse disbursements in detail, fiscal year 1918.

Table 48. Clubhouse receipts and disbursements, fiscal year 1918.

Table 49. Clubhouse balance sheet, June 30, 1918.

Table 50. Injury and death payments, 1908 to 1918.

Table 51. Injury compensation payments under Executive order of March 20,

1914.

Table 52. Duration of disability of injured employees.

Table 53. Statement showing disposition of claims.

Table 54. Nature of injury and period of disability.

Table 55. Character of work and cause of injury.

Table 56. Cause and nature of injuries.

Table 57. Purchases of material and supplies and storehouse transactions.

Table 58. Comparative statement, by classes, of material on hand June 30,

1917 and 1918.

Table .59. Panama Railroad commissary, purchases and sales.

Table 60. Panama Railroad commissary, distribution of sales.

THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 1.—Status of authorised bond issue.

Authorized bond issue $375,200,900.00

Appropriations by Congress to June 30, 1918 $441, 375, 781. 44 Less appropriations for

Fortifications $29,950,572.30

Presentation of launch Louise 6, 000. 00 Annual payment to Republic of Panama 1,750,000.00

Maintenance, operation, sanitation and civil gov- ernment of canal 24,050,006.22

55,756,578.52

Appropriated for canal construction 385,619,202.92 Less amounts exempted by law

Twocolliers $2,000,000.00

Two barges 1,600,000.00

Dock No. 6, Cristobal 2,093,190.00

Equipping colliers Ulysses and Achilles 250,000.00

Covering unprotected surfaces of colliers T

.

50, 000. 00 Repairs to steamships .4 neon and Cristobal 720,000.00

Expended for operation and maintenance of canal

to June30, 1915 4,289,159.00

Stock of material and supplies for operation and

maintenance of canal 2,225,000.00

13,227,349.00

372,391,853.93

Balance available for appropriation after June 30, 1918, within limit of cost of canal and authorized bond issue 2, 809, 046. 08 Appraised value of American legation building in the city of Panama, exempted from

charge to bond issue, act July 1, 1916 22, 256. 00

Balance available for appropriation within the limit of cost of canal and authorized bond issue 2, 83 1 , 302. 08

Note.—Of the amount authorized for construction under the authorized bond issue there have been

collected for reimbursement of capital cost of public works in cities of Panama and Colon, $201 ,040.40, and

for material sold, services rendered, etc., $4,989,573.28, a total of $5,190,613.68, which has been deposited as miscellaneous receipts to the credit of the general fund of the United States Treasury.
REPORl OF AUDITOR. 199

Table No. 2.

General balance sheet, June 30, 1918.

ASSETS.

Construction of canal (Table No. 16) $348, 870, 782. 40 Capital additions (Table No. 17) . .

.

1, 840, 263. 54 Equipment (Table No. 8) 9, 247, 263. 14 Material and supplies, etc. (Table No. 10) 8,111,571.52

Fortifications 24, 760, 368. 79 Public works in Panama and Colon

.

2, 479, 521 . 99 Presentation of launch Louise to French Government 5, 840. 99 Reequipment loans to Panama Rail- road Company 1,399,114.61

First-mortgage bond loan to Pana- ma Railroad Company 1,848,217.50

Operation and maintenance of canal (Table No. 6) 23,980,676.44

Annual payment to Republic of Panama fcr Canal Zone rights 1, 500, 000. 00 Property transferred to other de- partments, United States Govern- ment (Table No. 12) 1,973,011.17

Panama Canal property operated by

Panama Railroad (Table No. 13) .

.

1, 925, 166. 71 Miscellaneous receipts credited to

assets 5,047,058.94

Work in progress (^Table No. 9) 348, 010. 45 Accounts receivable 3,053,931.95 Unclassified credits '468,047.07

Appropriation balances subject to requisition 10,375,902.57

Cash in hands of fiscal officers 4, 078, 508. 23

Total 450,377,163.87

LIABILITIES.

Appropriations by Congress (Table No. 3) $441,375,781.44 Trust funds and security deposits

.

112, 063. 25 Reserves (Table No. 15) 3', 725, 952. 51 Assets received from the Canal Zone

goverrmient (Table No. 11) 544,792.37

Panama Railroad property oper- ated by Panama Canal (Table No. 14) 851,080.78

Property received from United

States Shipping Board 2,432.71

Reimbursement acccunt public

works in Panama and Colon re- paid to appropriations 396, 956. 06 Miscellaneous receipts not deposited in United States Treasury

(Table No. 4) 314,812.27 Accounts payable 3,053,292.48

Total 450,377,163.87

Table No. 3.Statement of appropriations by Congress.

Cfinal rights from French company (act of June 28, 1902) $40,000,000.00

Canal Zone rights from Republic of Panama (act of Apr. 28,

1904) 10, 000, 000. 00

Canal connecting Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

:

Act of June 28, 1902 $10, 000, 000. 00

Act of Dec. 21, 1905 11, 000, 000. 00

21, 000, 000. 00

Deficiency for fiscal year 1906 (act of Feb. 27,

1906) : Miscellaneous material purchases in United

States 1, 000, 000. 00

Miscellaneous material purchases on Isthmus 400, 000. 00

Payments to Panama Railroad Company 200, 000. 00

Isthmus pay rolls 2,100,000.00

Salaries and services in the United States- 75, 000. 00

New equipment purchases 1, 565, 786. 00

Reequipment of Panama Railroad 050, 000. 00

5. 990, 786. 00

Total for purchase of rights and for lump-sum appropriations common to all departments 76, 990, 786. 00

Expenses in the United States

:

Salaries . $1, 476, 056. 33

Incidental expenses 583, 179. 36

Con.struction and engineering

:

Pay of officers and employees 29.443,212.00

Pay of skilled and un-skilled labor 101, 809, 961. 00

Miscellaneous material purchases, etc 109. 881. 514. 24

Incidental expenses on Isthmus 6, 640, 2.50. 00

2, 059, 235. 69

247, 774, 937. 24

1 Credit.
200 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Civil administration

:

Pay of officers and employees $4, 507, 000. 00

Pay of skilled and unskilled laborers___i.__ 191, 000. 00

Material and expenses 1, 178, 200. 00

$5,876,200.00

Sanitary department:

Pay" of officers and employees 5, 391, 000. 00

Pay of skilled and unskilled laborers 3, 036, 968. 00

Material and expenses 5, 662, 367. 15

14, 090, 335. 15

Reequipnient of Panama Railroad 4, 185, 000. 00

Relocation of Panama Railroad 7,815,000.00

Redemption of first-mortgage bonds of Panama Railroad Company 2, 298, 367. 50

Sanitation in cities of Panama and Colon 800, 000. 00

Survey of lands. Canal Zone ^ 75, 000. 00

Relief of Pembroke B. Benton for injuries 10, 000. 00

Construction and equipment 23, 598, 190. 00

Total fiscal years 1907 to 1918, inclusive 308. 582, 265. 58

Total for canal construction, rights, etc., to June 30, 1918_ 385, 573, 051. 58

Private acts for relief

:

Elizabeth G. Martin. June 17, 1910 $1,200.00

Marcellus Troxell, Jan. 13, 1911 1. 500. 00

W. L. Miles, Feb. 13, 1911 1, 704. 18

Chas. A. Caswell, Mar. 2, 1911 1,056.00

Heirs of Robert S. Gill, July 3, 1912 2, .520. 00

Douglas B. Thompson, July 3, 1912 1, 500. 00

Alle.sandra Comba, July 10, 1912___ 500. 00

Peter Wiggington, Feb. 7. 1913 500.00

Raymond R. Ridenour, Feb. 7, 1913 500. 00

Heirs of Charles E. Stump, Feb. 7, 1913__ 1, 500. 00

Parents of Edward Maher, Feb. 18, 1913__ 1, 980. 00

Oscar F. Lackey, Feb. 18, 1913 1, 500. 00

Pedro Sanchez, Feb. 18. 1913 2.000.00

John H. Cole, Feb. 18, 1913 1, 951. 38

Robert Coggen, Feb. 18, 1913 _' 1, 500. 00

Wife of William Goodley, July 17, 1914 1, 000. 00

John Burrows, Feb. 27, 1915 1, 433. 33

F. W. Theodore Schroeter, Mar. 3, 1915 1, 397. 66

L. V. Thomas. Mar. 3, 1915 1,680.00

Joseph A. Buckholdt, Aug. 4, 1916 3, 000. 00

Olaf Nelson, Aug. 8, 1916 1, 200. 00

31, 122. 55

Judgments of the Court of Claims, War

:

Act of Aug. 26, 1912 196. 45

Act of Mar. 4, 1913_-_ 900. 00

Act of July 29. 1914 905. 38

Act of Feb. 28, 1916 1, 000. 00

Act of Sept. 8, 1916 2, 537. 20

• 5,539.03

Judgment, United States court (act of Apr. 6, 1914) 9,489.76

Presenting steam launch Louise to French Government, act of

Aug. 25. 1914 6, 000. 00

Fortifications

:

Aeronautic stations $2.50, 000. 00

Aviation seacoast defenses 500, 000. 00

Armament of fortifications 13, 103, 000. 00

Army quarters, storehouses, etc 3, 990. 000. 00

Buildings and materials 57. 375. 00

Causeway 150, 000. 00

Electric light and power plants 264, 631. 00

Field fortifications and camps 394, 350. 00

Fire control 633,301.30

Land for military purposes 50, 000. 00
y REPORT OF AUDITOR. 201

Fortifications—Continued.

Land defenses $29, 500. 00

Maintenance of deafings and trails 116, 900. 00

Maintenance, etc., of fire-control installations 20, 000. 00

Maintenance of searchlights and electricpower equipment 22, 500. 00

Ordnance depot 367, 900. 00

Preservation and repair of fortifications 49, 400. 00

Protecting Panama Canal and structures

450, 000. 00

Reserve equipment for fortifications 50, 000. 00

Sanitary clearing, filling, etc 210,000.00

Seacoast batteries 6, 102, 000. 00

Searchlights for seacoast fortifications 443, 440. 00

Submarine mines 6.59, 450. 00

Submarine-mine structures 322, 200. 00

Submarine base 1, 652, 625. 00

Surveys 62, 000. 00

Annual pavment to Republic of Panama

:

Act of Mar. 4, 1913 250, 000. 00

Act of Apr. 6, 1914 2.50, 000. 00

Act of .Tan. 25, 1915 250, 000. 00

Act of Feb. 28, 1916 2.50, 000. 00

Act of July 1, 1916 250, 000. 00

Act of Mar. 3, 1917 250, 000. 00

Act of Apr. 15, 1918 250, 000. 00

Maintenance and operation of the canal

:

Maintenance and operation 19, 950, 000. 00

Sanitation , 2, 250, 000. 00

Civil government 1, 840, 000. 00

Increases of compensation, Panama Canal,

1918 10, 006. 22

$29, 950, 572. 30

1, 750, 000. 00

24, 050, 006. 22

Total appropriations by Congress to June 30, 1918 441, 375, 781. 44

DETAIL OF ACTS FOR MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION, SANITATION, CIVIL GOVERNMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT.

Act of Mar. 3, 1915 Act of July 1, 1916 Act of June 12, 1917 Act of Mar. 28, 1918 Act of June 4, 1918 Increases of compensation, Panama

Canal, 1918

TotaL

Amount appropriated for construction

but used for maintenance and operation and not chargeable against

authorized bond issue (act of Aug. 1, 1914, sec. 12): Maintenance and operation prior to July 1, 1915 Stock of material for maintenance

and operation

Total for maintenance and operation

Mainte- nance and

operation.

Sanitation,

Canal

Zone.

Civil govern- ment,

Panama

Canal,

Canal

Zone.

$5, 200, 000. 00 $700, 000. 00|

5, 750, 003. 00 700, 000. 00

9, 000, 000. 00 700, 000. 00

isOjOOO.oo

Total.

S540, 000. 00 $6, 440, 000. 00 600,000.00 7,050,000.00

700, 000. 00 10, 400, 000. 00

10, 006. 22

19,960,006.22

$10,500,000.00

9; 750, 000. 00

2, 755, 000. 00

593, 190. 00

150,000.00

10, 006. 22

2,250,000.001,840,000.00 24,050,006.22

4,289,159.00

2,223,000.00

30, 564, 165. 22

Construction and

equipment.

23, 598, 190. 00
202 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 4.Detail of miscellaneous receipts, United States funds.

Receipts involving no appropriation expenditures

:

Subsidies from Panama Railroad Company $631, 875. 00

Dividends on Panama Railroad stock 344, 945. 00

Interest on reequipment loan 320, 799. H Interest on first mortgage bond loan 152, 395. 16

Interest on public works, Panama and Colon 321, 321. 35

Interest on Zone water-supply systems, proportion 96, 757. 20

Interest on bank balances 23, 147. 30

Miscellaneous rentals 238, 650. 08

Overages 505. 66

Forfeitures 28. 00

Salvaging steamship Moselle 210. 50

Miscellaneous 20. 10

$2, 130, 654. 46

Receipts involving expenditures from appropriations

:

Not credited to assets

Capital cost, Panama waterworks and sewers 54, 115. 44

Capital cost, Panama pavements 46, 981. 55

Capital cost. Colon waterworks and sewers 52,081.58

Capital cost. Colon pavements 47, 861. 83

Tolls 18, 654, 380. 16

Licenses and taxes 41, 989. 42

Court fees and fines 54, 594. 65

Postal receipts 301,965.97

Miscellaneous. Canal Zone 3, 223. 57

19, 257, 194. 17

Credited to assets

Sale of property 850, 500. 11

Sale of French material and equipment 117, 730. 03

Sale of Panama Canal building in city of

Panama 80,000.00

Sale of water 255. 43

Mess accounts 46, 879. 48

Hospital receipts 79, 992. 68

Quarantine receipts 24, 900. 53

Laundry receipts 7,382.01

Rental of lands and buildings 41, 427. 24

Rentals, miscellaneous 137, 822. 99

Telegraph and telephone receipts 3, 547. 35

Hotels and messes 758,470.34

Hotel coupon books 32, 238. 28

Corral receipts 8, 628. 56

Labor furnished Panama Railroad Company 180, 336. 97

Other labor furnished 27, 449. 55

Repayments, reequipment loan 1, 387, 714. 92

Repayments, first mortgage bond loan 300, 000. 00

Sale of Panama Railroad stock 1, 300. 00

Miscellaneous 93, 805. 47

Sale of construction material and equipment 796, 897. 82

Profit on business operations 57, 485. 66

Forfeitures by contractors 12, 293. 52

5, 047, 058. 94

Total 26, 434, 907. 57

Miscellaneous receipts deposited in United States Treasury 26, 120, 095. 30

Cash on hand June 30, 1918 202,836.99

Amount of water rentals, Panama and Colon, credited to miscellaneous receipts $619, 118. 95

Amount of water rentals, Panama and Colon, deposited

as miscellaneous receipts 567, 788. 82

51, 330. 13

Profit on business operations, 1917 and 1918, not transferred to miscellaneous receipts 45, 587. 22

Unpaid bills 15, 057. 93

Total 26, 434, 907. 57

Table No, 5.

Statement of overhead expenses, fiscal year 1918.
REPORT OP AUDITOR. 203

Table No. 5.Statement of overhead expenses, fiscal year 1918—Continued.

Fiscal year—

1918 1917

Schools

Fire protection

Police and prisons : District court Magistrate courts

District attorney

Canal Zone marshal

Municipal expenses

Total civil government

Charged to other interests Amount apportioned

Health department:

Administration

Medical storehouse Ancon Hospital

Colon Hospital Santo Tomas Hospital

Palo Seco Leper Asylum

Corozal Farm and Insane Asyliun

Other hospitals and dispensaries

Quarantine service SanitationPanama

Colon

Canal Z one

Street cleaning and garbage disposal

Panama

Colon

Total health department

Charged to other interests Amount apportioned

Supply department:

Maintenance and care of administration building

Operation of storehouse Repairs to storehouse Handling freight on docks

Operation of quarters

Material stock losses Repairs to quarters

Inventory adjustments

Repairs to other buildings

Umted States bills, adjustments

Ancon nursery

Total

Charged to other interests Amount apportioned

Accounting department:

Accoxmting office ^ Paymaster's office Collector's ofiBce

Total

Charged to other interests Amount apportioned

Washington office: Assistant auditor's office Disbursing clerk's office General bureau

Purchasing expenses

Total

Charged to other interests Amount apportioned

' Credits.

$141,091.67

So, 924. 22

265, 000. 57

17, 852. 02

13,025.65

8,443.06

7,711.91

45.27

741,687.89

63, 455. 01

678, 232.

11,564.64

16, 696. 23 455,553.30

70, 208. 71

12, 608. 64

29, 687. 78

92, 159. 80 47,530.07

85, 988. 04

52,531.08

42, 701. 49 114,736.91

61, 785. 26 31,155.62

1, 124, 907. 57

489, 053. 54

635,854.03

29, 946. 21

548, 072. 20 1,671.35

16,611.69

479, 708. 59

55, 695. 64

202, 851. 04

1 49, 659. 28

27, 948. 25

1 3, 587. 13

9, 212. 34

1,318,470.90

219, 194. 98

1,099,275.92

370. 478. 48

50, 778. 13

38, 461. 64

459,718.25

164,815.95

294.902.30

37, 532. 26

10, 265. 71

52, 215. 88 184,566.69

284, 580. 54

3, 627. 52

280,953.02

$85, 820. 09

68, 528. 28

244, 274. 18 17,643.62

11,459.90

7,621.69

8,281.66

49.36

630, 722. 53

34, 402. 32

5%, 320. 21

4,374.54

3, 774. 20 382,961.50

59,501.80

11, 740. 69

24, 102. 89

92, 898. 02

40, 988. 69

71,410.33

47,910.90

33, .555. 35

164, 874. 99

56, 088. 62

29,041.82

1,023,224.34

441,303.13

581,921.21

26, 403. 87

586, 486. 15 912.32

93,423.26

395, 117. 68

219, 026. 89

"'i,"3i4.'63

2, 062. 16

1,324,746.96

155, 702. 45

1,169,044.51

333,645.55

45,303.77

34.860.57

413, 809. 89

136, 002. 87

277, 807. 02

41,543.32

11, 008. 83

60, 235. 29

200, 924. 26

313,711.70

1,637.67

312, 074. 03
204 THE PANAMA CAKAL.

Table No. 5.

Statement of overhead expenses, fiscal year 1918—Continued.

Miscellaneous: Transportation of employees on Isthmus.

Recruiting and repatriating

Compensation to injured employees

Land office Special attorney

Payments to deported alien cripples

Total

Charged to other interests

.

Amount apportioned

Administration:

Executive office

Executive

Miscellaneous bureaus

Correspondence

Record bureau

Personnel bureau

Property and requisition bureau

.

General bureau

' Timekeeping bureau

Clubs and playgrounds

Canal Record

Official motor cars Cables and radiograms

Miscellaneous

Bureau of statistics

Total executive office Charged to other interests. Amount apportioned

Engineer of maintenance:

Office engineer

Surveys

Meteorology and hydrography

.

Total Charged to other interests. Amount apportioned

Electrical division: Lights—street, lodge halls, and churches . .

.

Amount apportioned

Municipal engineering:

Operation and maintenance of waterworks

.

Repairs to sewer system

Repairs to roads

Total

Charged to other interests

.

Amount apportioned.

Grand total—administration

Charged to other interests

.

Amount apportioned.

Total overhead expenses Charged to other interests

.

Fiscal year

1918

$141, 667. 20

43, 064. 35

5, 523. 39 11,902.64

11.241.78 2,926.00

216,324.36

24, 085. 55

192, 238. 81

33,753.66

45,614.14

48,195.94

25,367.10

31,126.07

51,287.82

95,720.27

90,434.79

8, 669. 36

17, 600. 70 9,017.64

5, 369. 01

13, 235. 38

475,391.88

109, 872. 19

365, 519. 69

66, 364. 45

28, 660. 26

29, 174. 28

124,198.99

66, 420. 88

57, 778. 11

7, 802. 40

7, 802. 40

403, 329. 40 18,851.91

346,923.51

769, 104. 82 245,418.84

523,685.98

3,655,592.14

833,435.91

2. 822, 156. 23

5, 522, 187. 60 1,385,944.46

Total amount apportioned I 4,136,243.14 Distribution: Operation and maintenance of canal Construction of canal

Fortifications Business operations

Expenses of sales—construction, material, and equipment

Public works in cities of Panama and Colon

Repairs to steamsliips Ancon and Cristobal Village—New Chagres

Total.

2,826,651.32

416,529.24

213. 686. 63 627,211.16

28, 788. 92

436.35 21,958.07 981.45

4, 130, 243. 14

1917

$144,025.50

55,823.04

25,894.45

11,348.37

10, 772. 99

247. 864. 35

22, 865. 69

224,998.66

33. 005. 40

47,913.60

43, 677. 78 21,217.42

25, 769. 54

42, 791. 44

86, 560. 85 62.481.89

11, 514. 48

18. 529. 41

8, 070. 11

7, 197. 55

10, 823. 37

419,552.84

93,579.93

325, 972. 91

64.418.53

30, 774. 66 31,081.04

126, 274. 23 59,998.63

66, 275. 60

7,529.78

7,529.78

342, 567. 45

12, 823. 73 123,605.62

478.996.80

219, 650. 00

259, 346. 80

3. 332. 486. 55

689, 437. 24

2,643.049.31

4,986.433.42

1, 165, 142. 69

3,821,290.73

2, 537, 883. 61

702. 234. 23

187.298.95

370. 133. 78 18,751.39

4,988.77

3,821,290.73
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 205

Table No. 6.

Panama Canal operation and maintenance to June 30, 1918.

Marine division: Admeasurement of vessels Local inspection

Aids to navigation

Pilotage

Operation of harbor tugs—balance

Operation of port captain's office—balance. Assisting vessels through cut

Total marine division.

Locks, operation and maintenance:

Gatun locksSuperintendence

Operation

Maintenance

Total Gatun locks.

Gatun spillway

Pedro Miguel locks

Superintendence.

.

Operation

Maintenance

Total Pedro Miguel locks.

Pedro Miguel dams

Miraflores locks

Superintendence.

Operation

Maintenance

Total Miraflores locks

Miraflores spillway and east dam

Miraflores west dam—Maintenance

Total lock operation and maintenance.

Dredging:

Atlantic entrance Gatun Lake i*- GaillardCut

Miraflores Lake

Pacific entrance

Total dredging.

Gatun dam, maintenance

Removal of floating obstructions

Gatun-Mindi levee, maintenance

Colon west breakwater, maintenance.

.

Colon east breakwater, maintenance. .

.

Naos Island breakwater, maintenance.

Damages to vessels in locks Damages to vessels in canal Operation floating derricks Maintenance of transportation tracks.

.

Dry excavation—Rio Grande

Shop expense, Balboa— balance Loss on sales and services to outsiders

.

Fiscal year

191/.

$13,759.01

4,515.46

97, 823. 93

104, 216. 83 60,566.91

26, 120. 91 6,033.38

313,036.43

19, 174. 89 107,750.57

140,327.78

267, 253. 24

19,852.49

20,969.18

62, 159. 26

126, 349. 70

209, 478. 14

Fiscal year

1918.

$16, 167. 58 3,940.34

82,855.73

95,237.08

58,285.37

36,975.53

84.65

293,546.28

24,316.13

132,137.54

127,979.14

284, 432. 81

11,602.24

17,846.54

94,867.83

93, 176. 86

35.37

24,826.93

105, 966. 93 108,290.76

239,084.62

1,619.05

107. 48

737, 430. 39

22,864.17

442. 88

2,612,480.17

83,024.52

135,819.51

205,891.23

Total to date.

18, 682. 42 145,067.82

77,927.05

241,677.29

1,357.43

744,961.00

2,854,631.25

15,889.75

23,203.11

2,582.14

41,479.89

9,642.89

141. 36 3,818.44

202,034.37

46,273.97

Total operation and maintenance.

Proportion of overhead expenses

Total.

Revenues:

Tolls Licenses and taxes, fees^ fines, etc

Profit on sales and services to outsiders.

Total revenues Revenues earned in excess of expenses. Expenses in excess of revenues earned.

4,250,163.99

2,537,883.61

7,577.76

'i,'456,"297.'68'

"'"262," 928.' 70

1,726,803.54

8, 202. 78

36,014.71 32.31 11,419.29

5,950.09

20,574.73

148,889.03

65,906.20

37,606.99

3,077,068.37

2.826,651.32

6,788,047.60

5,631,781.66

137, 189. 38 39,427.66

5,808,398.70

'979,648.96

5,^03,719.69

6,454,198.35

140,918.01

6, 159. 56

6, 601, 275. 92 697,556.23

1 Indicates credit.

$48,499.24

17,210.24

288,399.71

302,573.12

1C4,064.63

63,096.44

6,118.03

889,961.41

73,860.21

424,511.71

592,217.52

1,090,589.44

63,370.29

70, 106. 67 286,772.60

396, 388. 85

753,268.12

168. 96

78, 409. 81 421,244.53

425,502.37

925, 156. 71

16,642.69

832.37

2,850,028.58

182, 483. 58

442.88

9,215,157.37

85, 277. 96

427,564.63

9,910,926.42

93,095.86

110,648.94

31,326.04

81,523.46

14, 193. 55 6,879.23

27,759.07

452,781.44

164,954.43

37,606.99

19, 158. 55

61,8-23.17

14,752,667.14

9,228,009.30

23,980,676.44

18,654,380.16

424,920.91

57,485.66

19,136,786.73

4,843,889.71
206 THE PANAMA CANAL,

Table No. 7.Statement of profit and loss on business operations for fiscal year

ended June 30, 1918.

DEPARTMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE.

Construct ion and repairs

Shopwork

Elect ric work

Electric current Train service and use of rolling equipment

Tug service Service of other floating equipment

Pilotage

Wharfage

Sales of water Panama waterworks

Panama pavements

Colon waterworks

Colon pavements

Handling lines on docks

Handling lines on locks Steamship inspection

Minor services, supplies and property

Dry dockage—Balboa

Dry dockage—Cristobal

Total, department of operation and maintenance

SUPPLY DEPARTMENT.

Subsistence:

Hotel TivoH

Hotel Aspinwall

lane hotels Messes ;

Total , subsist ence

QUARTERMASTER.

Material from stock Fuel oil Rock, sand, gravel, and screenings

Printing and binding

Corral Rental of gold quarters

Rental of silver quarters

Garage rental Aneon nursery Handling of fuel oil Operation of stores Operation of quarters

Minor services, supplies and property

Total, quartermaster

ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT.

Lost metal checks

Cablegrams

Sen'ice of Panama Railroad

HEALTH DEPARTMENT.

Ancon Hospital: Fees Mess

Burials Miscellaneous

Colon Hospital: Fees Mess

Miscellaneous

Palo Seco Leper Asylum

Line dispensaries .

.

". Quarantine:

Subsistence

Other charges

Sanitation: Panama

Colon Zone

Street cleaning:

Panama

Colon

Cost.

$1,

2,

826, 134. 91 635,680.15

235,963.40

96, 195. 21

2, 508. 50

199, 292. 53 69,036.13

30,877.33

5,341.62

178, 304. 42 85,975.44

8,990.81

63,302.99

12, 187. 71 33,354.71

30,420.53

932. 32

47,509.18

81,906.09

23,708.64

5,697,622.62

143,371.82

5,543.83

514,039.21

150, 970. 07

Revenues.

$1,826,779.84

2,659,271.44

267,917.36

97,798.98

2,595.12

200, 874. 92

70,345.84

35,085.00

24,572.16

191,776.48

85,975.44

8,990.81

63,302.99

12, 187. 71

813,924.93

1,629,393.44

811,839.21

13, 519. 68 24,792.47

58,599.64

2, 151. 86

101,181.25

1,919.67

4,440.72

28,489.04

54,000.00

87,000.00

100,363.47

2.917.690.45

47.78 2,366.55

159,057.80

161,472.13

262,720.71

19,614.60 4.595.93

1,790.52

30,476.25

3,922.24

173. 75

18,38f. 70 1,795.18

18,858.16

11,964.54

8,615.70

10,907.92

10, 221. 34

38,914.01

18,336.28

23,650.10

3,240.01

47, 689. 19 131,573.95

16, 826. 29

6.770,453.63

122,098.60

3,099.31

448,006.51

139,404.71

712,609.13

1,646,218.35

8d8, 374. 76 13,519.68

2.5,076.12 61,404.35

2, 151. 86 103,651.22

5, 806. 02

4,440.72

29,601.72

.54,000.00 87,000.00

101,474.66

2,972,722.46

1.102.05

3, 603. 69 159,058.20

163, 763. 94

Profit or loss.

147, 253. 69 19,614.60

4,-595.93

1, 790. 52

23,745.65

3,922.24

173. 75 11,656.51

1,795.18

66, 063. 35 30,694.21

8,61.5.70 10,907.92

10, 221. 34

38,914.01

18.336.28

$644.93

23,591.29

1,953.96

1,603.77 86.62

1,582.39

1,309.71

4, 207. 67 19,230.54

13,472.06

33,354.71

6, 770. 43 2.307.69

180. 01 49,667.86

6, 882. 35

72,831.01

21, 273. 22 2,444.52

66,032.70

11,565.36

-101,d15.80

16,824.91

26,535.55

""'2S3."65 2,804.71

2,469.97

3, 886. 35

1, 115. 68

1,111.19

55, 032. 01

1,054.27

1,237.14 .40

2,291.81

-115,467.02

6, 730. 60

— 6, 730. 19

47, 205. 10

18, 729. 67
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 207

Table No. 7.

Statement of profit and loss on business operations for fiscal year

ended June 30, 1918—Continued.
208 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 10.-

Detail of material and supplies.

Balboa store $4, 667, 21.5. 70

Cristobal store 667, 218. 60

Paraiso store 90.3, 775. 77

Medical store 114, 635. 74

Fuel oil ^ 264.988.99

Stationery store, administration building 18, 972. 41

Printing plant store 85,377.30

District quartermaster store : Cristobal $919. 24

Gatun 19, 641. 44

Paraiso 977. 80

Balboa-Ancon 3, 965. 27

25, 503. 75

Total, quartermaster stores $6,747,688.26

Material on hand with divisions, not yet charged to the work 1, 077, 438. 31

Containers in transit 63, 442. 02

Obsolete store 223, 002. 93

Total 8, 111, 571. 52

Table No. 11.

Detail of assets received from the Canal Zone government.

School buildings $72, 115. 00

Roads 451, 887. 50

Waterworks and sewer system 18, 500 00

Stationery stock 2, 167.04

Miscellaneous 122. 83

Total 544, 792. 37

Table No. 12.—Detail of assets transferred to other departments of the United

States Government.

To Army on Canal Zone : BuiMinjis—

Corozal $206, 552. 25

Cristobal 22,261.51

Culebra 244, 586. 41

Empire 368, 606. 67

Gatun - 51,925.15

Las Cascadas 126, 416. 00

Margarita Island 375. 50

Toro Point 24,076.24

$1, 044, 7»9. 73

Roads 249, 200. 00

Waterworks and sewer system 361, 550. 00

Chagres village 34, 846, 27

To State Depiirtment, legation building, city of Panama 22,256.00

To Alaskan Engineering Commission 258, 700. 56

To Army and Navy on Canal Zone, boathouse, Colon 1, 649. 61

Total 1, 973, Oil. 17

Table No. 13.

Detail of Panama Canal property operated by Panama Railroad.

Floating equipment $134, 013. 94

Rolling stock 753, 834.76

Machinery ^ 10, 913. 41

Docks, wooden : Cristobal $62. 000. 00

Balboa 8, 100. 00

70, 100. 00

Steamships : Colon 400, 000. 00

Panama 400, 000. 00

Caribbean 156,304.60

956, 304. 60

Total 1, 925, 166. 71

Table No. 14.

Detail of Panama Railroad propertii operated by Panama Canal.

Buildings $297, 847. 08

Floating equipment 38, 585. 00

Rolling stock 50, 290. 32

Machinery 10, 655. 00

Gamboa gravel plant 79,961.28

Concrete dock, Balboa 37.*^ 742. 10

Total 851, 080. 78
EEPORT OF AUDITOR. 209

Table No. 15.

Detail of reserves.

For gratuity $779, 095. OS For depreciation: Structures

Shop buildings $20,267.02

Power system 355, 028. 70 Docks and piers 22, 569. 91 Waterworks systems 36, 863. 13 Storehouses 43, 162. 16 Balboa dry dock 60,000.00

$537,890.92

Equipment

Mechanical division 33, 272. 00 Storehouses 17, 666. 62 Dredging division 1, 493, 311. 03 Building division 426. 99 Terminal division 8, 106. 65 Corrals 34,420.24

Marine division 33, 045. 18 Gatun locks division ' 423. 97 Balboa power house 30, 607. 34

Pacific locks division '3, 813. 99

Electrical division 6, 050. 80 Health department 22, 510. 10 Colon breakwater 8. 85 Gamboa gravel plant 116, 8.59. 30 Fuel oil plants 76, .500. 00 Contractors 1 , 916. 19 Gamboa crusher 9, 708. 80 United States tank No. 62 84.00 Atlantic tank farm 3, 483. 55

Pacific tank farm 4, 328. 23 1,888,067.91

2,425,958.83

For repairs: Structures

Balboa shops buildings 25,042.29

Storehouses 17,934.32

Power system 15, 717. 51 Cristobal roundhouse 985. 33 Fuel oil plants 72,765.58

132,445.03

EquipmentMechanical division 41, 380. 23 Storehouses 27,838.49

Dredging division 318, 776. 47 Marine division 10, 107. 81

Pacific locks division ' 586. 18 Motorcars 2,171.91

Locomotives 912. 27 Cranes, lock operation 586. 18 United States tank No. 62 102.00 Gamboa crusher i 4, 107. 25 Municipal engineering '8, 728. 36

388, 453. 57 520,898.60

Total 3,725,952.51

1 Debit balance. •

Table No. 16.—Construction of canal, fiscal year 1918 and to June 30, 1918.

lAinounts include canal overhead.]
210 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 1G.—Construction, of canal, fiscal year 1918 and to June SO, 1918—Con.

CANAL CONSTRUCTION—continued.

Pedro Miguel dams

Miraflores west dam

La Boca locks and damsColon east breakwater

Colon west breakwater . .

.

Naos Island breakwater.

.

AIds to navigation

-abandoned.

Total canal

.

AUXILIARY WORKS.

Power producing and transmitting system (Table No. 23): Gatun hydroelectric plant

Miraflores steam-electric plant

Power-transmission system

Total power producing and transmitting system.

Pacific terminals (Table No. 20): Coaling station

Fuel-oil plant

Dry dock [, Docks

Dredging inner harbor Entrance basin , Preparatory work

Total Pacific terminals.

Atlantic terminals (Table No.

Coaling station

Fuel-oil plant

Dry dock

Docks

19):

Total Atlantic terminals

.

Gatxm dock ,

Permanent townsites (Table No. 21): Cristobal Colon Beach

Gatun Pedro Miguel

Red Tank

Balboa-Ancon

La Boca

Total permanent townsites

CANAL CONSTRUCTION.

Buildings (Table No. 22): Designing and preliminary expenses

Oflices—

Administration, Balboa

Administration, Santa Rosa

Balboa shops

Balboa terminals

ShopsBalboa

Paraiso

Cristobal Storehouses Hotels and mess halls Gold quarters

Silver quarters

Ancon Hospital

Colon Hospital

Dispensaries

Asylums

Quarantine stations Medical storehouses Miscellaneous buildings, health department

.

Fiscal year

1918. To June 30, 1918.

I $11,955.86

11,955.86

555,696.72

"65,'5i9."93

621,216.65

54,836.67

' 8, 596. 42 2,341.82

64, 138. 43 451,912.14

52, 572. 15

617,204.79

121,058.40

45,367.50

5,849.35

672, 256. 68

844,531.93

52,235.03

1,.583. 12 6,342.39

5,352.71

28,245.56

93, 758. 81

40, 345. 88

22,921.94

10,320.18

26,346.71

20,303.99

19, 252. 17

08, 759. 98

38, 758. 50 50,880.19

17,264.81

9433,835.38

1, 165, 516. 74 751,748.32

3,785,604.79

4,291,747.21

1,020,666.41

818, 697. 37

102,516,749.94

1,564,591.97

307. 485. 78

3, .545, 231. 97

5,417,309.72

2,289,394.44

404,093.48

3, ,536, 296. 45

3, 172, 276. 04 2,693,793.67

489, 480. 39 1,808,921.65

14,394,256.12

3, 672, 890. 09

235, &3S. 87

73, 475. 51

1, 257, 194. 67

5,239,399.14

8,951.33

350,643.34

22, 758. 43 181,199.02

25, 178. 64 1,641,744.72

192,562.94

2,414,087.09

73, 232. 90

1,203,601.01

130,892.39

238,553.94

JO, 634. 42

3,799,211.75

145,460.61

',087,532.43

518, 453. 26 4,623,993.26

607, 676. 56

1,354,913.62

248,937.91

160,528.96

184,073.47

72,469.36

2J,471.15

46,719.23
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 211

Table No. 16.

Construction of canal, fiscal year 1918 and to June 30, 1918—Con.

CANAL CONSTRUCTION—continued.

Buildings (Table No. 22)—Continued.

Post offices Schoolhouses

Courthouses, police stations, jails, etc. Fluviographs

Miscellaneous buildings

Total buildings

Playgrounds, including Balboa grand stand.

Sanitary fills Sanitary ditches Landscape improvements.

Waterworks systems:

Colon-Cristobal Panama-Gamboa

Gatun

Other Zone systems. .

.

Total waterworks systems.

Zone sewage system

Zone roadways

Real estate: For canal construction and flooded areas. For auxiliary works and buildings For depopulation of the Canal Zone

Total, real estate

.

Miscellaneous: Gravel reclaiming plant, Gamboa

Reloeation, Panama Railroad

Investment, Panama Railroad stock .

.

Concessions from Republic of Panama.

Purchase from New Panama Canal Co.

Total miscellaneous

Total construction of canal

.

Fiscal year

1918.

169, 450. 63

127,684.88

1,242,289.86

5,065.51

18,184.36

279. 42

279. 42

13, 666. 44

308,415.15

308,415.15

I 4,904.36

» 4.904.36

4,144,218.32

To June 30, 1918.

$35,982.62

474,446.61

90, 454. 10 13,709.02

473, 221. 57

15,690,170.15

60, 273. 49

601,463.67

99, 299. 61

18, 184..36

585, 642. 89

1, 765, 222. 58

550, 376. 89

2,901,242.36

68, 457. 15

316, 132. 34

879, 583. 06

146, 258. 94

1, 750, 279. 35

2,776,121.35

1 1, 168. 96 9,800,626.46

155, 818. 24 10,000,000.00

38,728,484.05

58,683,759.79

348, 870, 782. 40

J Credit. Table No. 17.

Capital additions.

Fiscal vear

1918. To June 30, 1918.

Maintenance and operation:

Gai-un locks Pedro Mieuel locks

Miraflore.= locks Aid? to na- i"ation Improverren ?, Cristobal Harbor

Power-transmission system

Cristobal fuel-oil plant

Other Zone water-supply systems

Zone sewage system

Roadways

Permanent townsite, Cristobal Permanent townsite, Gatim

Permanent townsite, Pedro Miguel

Permanent townsite, Ancon-Balhoa

Landscape improvements

Gamboa gravel plant

Shops, Balboa

Shops, Cristobal Storehouses Hotel? and mess halls Quarters, gold

Quarters, silver Miscellaneous buildings

Miscellaneous buildings, health Courthouses, police and fire stations, jails, etc.

$34,

I 48,

10,

16, 59, 40,

573.85 899.44

612..50

280. 80

027. 61

558. 73 685.06

28, 152,

49,

3,

1 43,

1, 199,

18,

2,

7, 32,

82,

45,

11,

803.78

112.14 042 06

340.48

848. 62

719. 78 317.10

168.96

717.79

948. 36

695. 23

879. 27

276.57

641.01

404. 29 83.99

111.51

$35, 154. 73 12,180.00

61,178.86

34,886.00

16,027.61

61,088.39

40. 685. 06

232. 79 28,813.04

152,112.14

49,042.06

3,340.48

1,848.62

43,719.78 317.10

1,168.96

419,854.82

53, 090. 47 16,990.08

11,123.91

34,642.10

86,144.61

71, 698. 13 83.99

11,111.51

Total, maintenance and operation.

86372°—18 15

889,950.05 1,246,5.35.23

' Credit.
212 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 17.—Capital additions—Continued.
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 213

Table No 19

Detailed cost, Atlantic terminals, fiscal year 1918, and to June

30, 1918.

COALING PLANT.

Preliminary and general work.

Foundations:

Retaining-wall construction. Caisson construction

Total foundations.

Backfilling

Floors

Superstructure:

Stocking and reclaiming bridges.

Unloader towers Reloader towers Conveyor system

Total superstructure.

Accessories Miscellaneous

Boat landings

Plant

Total division cost, coaling plant

.

Dredging

Total division cost, coaling plant, including dredging. Less Panama Railroad Co. 's proportion

Net division cost, coaling plant

FUEL-OIL HANDLING PLANT.

Storage:

United States tanks Nos. 1 and 2. United States tank No. 9 United States tank No. 43

Total storage.

.

Oil- pump plant

.

Oil docks

Pipe lines Tank farm

Total division cost, oil-fuelstorage

Gasoline storage: United States lank No. 27.

Total division cost, fuel-oil handling plant.

Dry dock

Pier No. 6 Boathouse between Piers Nos. 7 and 8. Cristobal shops

Cristobal roundhouse

Total division cost, Atlantic terminals.

1 Credit

Fiscal year

1918.

'$4,001.30

35.94

5, .374. 45

729. 09

11,07.3.91

17,213.39

2, 842. 24

10, 073. 22

26, 127. 55

26, 127. 55

100, 000. 00

126, 127. 55

36,986.42

36,986.42

1,252.22

I 162. 32

3, 166. 86

41,24.3.18

41,24.3.18

5,317.59

553,117.53

58,024.91

17,225.77

805,057.83

To June 30, 1918.

$177,963.68

110,376.98

647, 178. 27

757,555.25

32,518.20

472,804.06

495,636.85

373, 839. 83

237, 733. 92

608,596.77

1,715,807.37

7,452.29

140, 830. 75 10,073.22

1 11,431.76

3,303,573.06

719,565.48

4,023,138.54

'775,000.00

3, 248, 138. 54

51,928.55

23,054.16

36,986.42

111,969.13

73, 239. 31 243.15 43,295.13

3, 166. 86

231,913.58

12,704.07

244,617.65

72, 705. 01 1,042,959.64

99, 944. 61 145,201.13

45,441.89

4,903,009.77

Table No. 20.—Detailed test, Pacific terminals, fiscal year 1918 and to June

30, 1918.

PREPARING SITES, GENERAL.

Preliminary and general work... Preparing site Corundu River drainage culvert. Cofferdam constniction

Cofferdam, dredging

Plant

Total division cost, preliminary work and preparing sit3 Dredging inner harbor—total division cost (Table No. 25) Reclaiming land, total division cost (Table No. 25) Entrance basin dry excavation, total division cost

1 Credit.

Fiscal year

1918.

'$6,528.84

55,445.81

'1,124.12

47, 792. 85

379,573.88

31, 255. 34

To June 30, 1918.

$409,628.87

734,904.69

41,137.01

58,970.29

133,636.99

71,981.59

1,450,259.44

1,957,937.46

362,223.85

380,988.19
214 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 20.Detailed test, Pacific terminals, fiscal year 1918 and to June

30, i9i8—Continued.

Fiscal year

1918. To June 30, 1918.

MAIN DRY DOCK.

Preliminary and general work.

Dry excavation

Preparing foundations Concrete masonry, mass

Concrete masonry, reinforced.. Granite

Pumping plant

Miter gates, original cost of gates and operating machinery.

Erection of gates

Installation miter-gate machinery

Miter-gate anchorage

Back filling Miscellaneous

Total division cost, maia^ry dock

ENTRANCE PIER

Preliminary and general work.

Dry excavation

Preparing foundation

Concrete masonry, mass

Concrete masonry, reinforced.. Back filling Miscellaneous

Total division cost, entrance pier

Total division cost, main dry dock and entrance pier.

COALING PLANT.

Preliminary and general work

Coal-storage area: Dry excavation

Preparing foundations Concrete masonry

Back filling Grading floor Miscellaneous

Total division cost, coal-storage area.

Coal-handling plant:

Foundations for stocking and reclaiming cranes. Erection of stocking and reclaiming cranes Unloader towers Heloader towers Conveyor system

Miscellaneous

Total division cost, coal-handling plant

SEA WALL AND UNLOADER WHAfeF.

Preliminary and general work.

Dry excavation

Preparing foundation

Substructure Concrete masonry, mass

Concrete masonry, reinforced.. Miscellaneous

Total division cost, sea wall and unloader wharf.

RELOADER WHARF.

Preliminary and general work.

Substructure

Superstructure

Filling

.

jupe

•-imi

,

Miscellaneous.

Total division cost, reloader wharf.

Total division cost, coaling station.

1 Credit.

1S20.60

1 254. 10 1183.23

588. 15

'"45.'6o'

1,445.52

S142,902.05

585, 665. 96 89,861.29

584,853.62

292,083.05

36,069.35

179,823.35

132, 147. 15 111,142.25

5,437.06

337. 24 62,006.16

572,498.10

1,620.74 2,794,826.63

508. 18

15,588.54

72,544.90

22,764.84

80, 065. 00 23,972.10

127. 65 79,327.12

608. 18 294,390.15

2, 128. 92 3,089,216.78

46,667.64

116.50

144, 909. 98 7,674.40

61,362.86

24,856.39

11,017.13

3,636.52

116. 50 253,457.28

10, 327. 12 9,143.02

9,572.63

11,744.63

69,477.24

168, 798. 65 187,943.93

118, 438. 69 365,828.35

8, 568. 51

40,787.40 919,055.37

4, 296. 77

13,?23.03

121,465.23

15,943.43

4,865.55

95,871.57

26,351.23

110,104.17

4, 296. 77 388,324.21

74.07

481.74

6, 468. 93

65,266.08

157,907.82

131,650.47

16, 422. 17

105, 728. 89

7,024.74 476,975.43

52,225.41 i 2,084,479.93
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 215

Table No. 20.

Detailed test, Pariflc terminals, fiscal year 1918 and to June

30, iWS—Continued.

Fiscal vear

1918. To June 30, 1918.

PERMANENT SHOPS.

Tool-storage house

Miscellaneous

Steel erection Machine and erection shop

Forge shop

Steel-storage shed

Boiler and ship fitters' shop

Paint shop

Car shop

Planing mill Galvanizing building

Lumber and equipment shed

Pattern-storage room

Foundry

Coke shed

Boiler house

Roundhouse

Gas house

Toilets Paint house

Main office Sand house

Lye house

Compressor plant and pump house.

Ice-storage house

New pattern storage

Shop tunnel

Mechanical division charges

I $594. 88 14,893.25

1 51.72

48.56

1,932.82

7,515.53

180,765.41

$637,614.99

34, 508. 77

687, 582. 13

224, 722. 28 116,342.69

235,314.09

57, 216. 79

101, 198. 70

194, 748. 13 77,349.11

116,925.79

57,983.65

263,091.05

10,208.63

26, 206. 65 173,593.06

39,360.37

86, 148. 21 10,753.73

200,413.92

12, 395. 81 2,592.65

170,273.77 656.80

4,747.17

163,865.07

180, 765. 41

Total division cost, permanent shops. 204,508.97 3,886,579.42

DOCKS.

Quay wall, north of concrete dock - Quay wall, south of concrete dock

Bulkhead quay wall, between wharf and Pier No. 18. Pier No. 18 (old No. 1) Concrete kimber wharf

Electrical installation Water mains

Air mains

Lot improvement

Rat proofing

946. 62 810.97

257.05 4,663.39

4, 955. 75 46,673.89

444,984.91

533,147.78

228, 328. 18

1, 109, 806. 64 255,667.79

13,002.29

7, 162. 62 3,389.93

4,955.75

66,568.68

Total division cost, all docks

.

58, 307. 67 2,667,014.57

FUEL-OIL HANDLING PLANT.

Storage:

"United States tanks Nos. 3 and 4 United States tank No. 5 United States tank No. 62 Tank farm

46,983.00

25,991.63

2,08.3.57 15,256.87

Total division cost, storage. 90,315.07

Oil-pump plant

Oil docks

Pipe lines Dredging berth for ships. 29,171.49

75,337.49

59,079.28

79,428.42

37,104.89

Total division cost, oil-fuel storage

Gasoline storage: United States tank No. 31

Total division cost, fuel-oil handling plant.

Total division cost. Pacific terminals'"

29,171.49 250,950.08

15,445.65

29,171.49 356, 710. 80

804,964.53 16,235,410.44

1 Credit.

2 General storehouse, Balboa, and Balboa terminal ofiace building not included in these totals.
216 THE PANAMA CAJiTAL.

Table 21.

Detailed cost, permanent townsites, to June 30, 191S.

Item.

Preliminary and general work

Preliminary maintenance

Road construction

Drainage

Waterworks

Sewer system

Walks/.

Balboa nursery Lot improvements

Street lighting

Underground duct system

Improvements, block A

Division expense

Total division cost.

La Boca.

$37,557.50

31,869.40

14, 842. 53

20, 779. 72 26,328.15

6,084.34

10,221.73

4,440.38

Balboa. Pedro

Miguel.

$176, 171. 18 $45, 884. 40 10,519.78

364,491.90

7,903.21

53,622.87

186,925.43

58,370.86

1,576.79

279,705.01

35,957.52

218, 560. 66

47,272.34

20, 777. 72 22,488.65

19,597.24

11, 572. 72 281.62

13,588.89

3,267.45

3,637.60

152,123.751,441,077.55,141,096.29

Red

Tank.

$11,515.41

2, 118. 70 2,059.46

3,285.71

Gatun.

$1,330.09

1,823.32 3.75

498.20 5,064.72

16,938.88

1,588.86 109.10

22,889.66 23,446.54

Cristobal.

$10,887.44

80,828.37

91,715.81

Colon

Beach.

$93,093.09

38,489.36

9, 582. 07

99, 522. 74 7,298.10

16,801.17 5.63

6,791.05

271,583.21

Table No. 22.

Detail of huildings, fiscal year 1918 and to June 30, 1918.

Designing and preliminary expenses, new

buildings (includes building division plant).

.

Administration building, Balboa Heights. .•

Administration building, Santa Rosa

Paraiso shops, appraisal of old buildings

Storehouses: General storehouse, Balboa

Lumber storehouse, Balboa

Paint storehouse, Balboa

Oil storehouse, Balboa

Forage storehouse, Balboa

Explosives storehouse, Balboa

Dredge parts storehouse

Oil storehouse, Cristobal

Electrical storehouse, Balboa

Electrical storehouse, Gatun

General storehouse, Cristobal Dynamite storehouse, Gamboa Fuse storehouse, Gamboa

Appraisal of old buildings

Hotels and mess halls: Hotel Aspinwall landing stage Cristobal restaurant Balboa restaurant Ancon restaurant Pedro Miguel restaurant

Tivoli kitchen

Gatun mess hall La Boca mess hall La Boca kitchen

Camp Bierd mess hall and kitchen.

Appraisal of old buildings

Gold quarters:

Four-family concrete quarters.

Two-family concrete quarters.

Bachelor concrete quarters

New wooden quarters

Reerected wooden quarters

Appraisal of old bmldings

Silver quarters:

New wooden quarters

Reerected wooden quarters

Appraisal of old bmldings — Alterations and repairs of old buildings.

Hospitals:

Colon Hospital

Ancon Hospital

Dispensaries:

Balboa

Ancon

Pedro Miguel

.

Gatun

Fiscal rear 191S.

811, 172. 09

911.91

1 1, 952. 50 2,369.08

2, 136. 66 3,413.91

14, 010. 49 15,711.13

32,709.39

138,312.50

1 400. 00

75, 650. 45 4,751.18

1 33, 537. 50

36,046.89

44,960.00

13, 286. 90

35, 235. 01

738, 803. 16

1 2, 196. 74 13,961.31

34,490.17

836, 678. 09

12, 500. 58

29,669.08

46, 464. 13

94, 293. 79

774, 038. 17

46, 254. 74

Total to June 30, 1918.

$294, 615. 32

127, 126. 03

27, 882. 85 31,067.22

6, 140. 66

461. 14

5, 053. 36

5, 800. 00

82,366.63

44, 712. 96

3, 938. 69

1,673.97

86,357.07

1,897.34

76, 264. 79

73, 428. 87

72, 346. 83 15,711.13

32, 709. 39

5, 876. 19 7,386.39

2, 606. 67

6, 440. 04

207, 130. 50

1,172,785.09

177, 536. 86 68,926.42

1,205,062.51

256, 078. 80 1,348,037.34

259, 970. 34

198, 653. 82

181, 797. 97

16, 085. 25

226,066.45

1,235,306.46

16, 677. 79

57, 142. 25

37, 295. 61 34,490.17

$68, 282. 49

932, 544. 28

128, 083. 99

717, 195. 90

501, 798. 14

4,228,427.02

656,507.38

1,461,372.91

145,605.82

1 Credit.
EEPORT OF AUDITOE. 217

Table No. 22.—Detail of buildings, fiscal year 1918 and to June 30, 1918—ContA.

Quarantine stations: Colon quarantine barracks. Balboa quarantine station.

.

Balboa quarantine landing.

Asylums:

Corozal asylum building.

Dairy shed

Dairy building

Hog shed

Gumea pig house

Chicken house

Compost pit

Palo Seco building

Fiscal year 1918.

$6,338.11

Medical storehouse, Ancon

Health department, miscellaneous:

Garage, Colon hospital

Kitchen, Colon quarantine station Dentists' and sanitary inspectors' offices and

quarters

Larvacide plant, Ancon

Corozal cemetery

Post offices: Corozal Appraisal of old buildings.

Schoolhouses: Concrete white school , Balboa Manual training school, Balboa

Concrete white school, Ancon

Concrete white school, Pedro Miguel

.

Concrete white school, Gatun

Concrete white school, Cristobol

Addition to colored school, Paraiso. .

.

Industrial school, Balboa

Colored school, Pedro Miguel

Appraisal of old buildings

25.59

76.35

8,027.49

7,642.21

86,338.11

30, 165. 06

Courthouses, fire and police stations, etc.: La Boca fire station Balboa fire station Balboa police station Chinese detention camp, Balboa

Appraisal of old buildings

Fluviographs

Terminal office building, Balboa .

.

Miscellaneous buildings:

ClubhousesBalboa

Balboa (addition)

La Boca, silver employees.

La Boca annex

Pedro Miguel

Paraiso

Gatim, silver employees..

.

Cristobal

13,519.31

14,021.45

12,869.51

14,878.87

1,438.73

1,085.55

15,771.64

131,790.00

10,101,38

Balboa motor-car houses

Motor truck garage, Ancon corral. Garages:

Ancon-Balboa district Pedro Miguel district Gatun

Cristobal Colon

1,966.64

837.51

56,188.48

10,101.38

9,085.15 78.10

Office and storeroom, Ancon

Office and storeroom. Pedro Miguel

Store and shon, district quartermaster,

Pedro Miguel

Office, store and shop, district quartermaster, Balboa Heights

Fuel shed, district quartermaster, Balboa

Heights

Extension, corral building, Cristobal

Toilet, corral build'ng, Cristobal Paraiso shop building

Dredging division shop, Paraiso

Electrical work and storehouse, Gatim

4,410.43

1,375.99

2,804.15

Total to June 30, 1918.

14,949.67

4,948.20

687.28

2,302.81

1,042.48 543.70

2,480.31

4,253.46

1,952.50

$6,338.11

3S, 756. 88

26, 078. 40

72,782.28

23, 562. 45

12, 546. 53 13,333.49 311.79

1,589.19

552. 22 45,396.19

6, 237. 60

742. 90

25,811.91

7, 642. 21 2,113.77

1,592.62

34,390.00

163,590.73

4,611.85

77,224.67

46,902.68

47,843.55

99,632.52

1,438.73

1,085.55

2,050.00

30,825.00

280. 22

18,335.31

11,190.59

10, 101. 38 60,635.44

17,481.20

1,966.64

3,989.62

3,500.00

19,695.77

16,839.08

1,500.00

16,000.00

37,284.78

4,898.66

2,411.85

5, 227. 61 2,943.58

$71,173.39

170,074.14

22,393.93

42,548.39

35,982.62

475, 205. 28

100,542.94

11,534.38

73,304.01

80,972.31

11,448.16

19,493.04

52,766.48

1,035.04 311.56

4,948.20

17,371.40

2,302.81

1,042.48

543. 70

2,480.31

4, 253. 46

1,952.50

1 Credit.
218 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 22.

Detail of huildings, fiscal year 1918 and to June 30, 1918—Contd.

Fiscal year 1918. Total to June 30, 1918.

Miscellaneous buildings—Continued.

Alterations, old Ancon school Anemometer tower, Balboa Heights.

Boathouses, marine division: Colon, piers 1 and 2 Balboa, Pier 18

$2, 194. 18

1 $1, 649. 61

Five small buildings

La Boca lodge hall Three toilets, Gatun locks Incinerator, Gavilan Island Balboa shops, mess hall and pattern shop

.

Appraisal of old buildings

Total, buildings

1 1, 649. 61

$237. 80

1,656.48

105,034.28

12,033.44

3,060.00

1,284,935.04

$2, 194. 18 1,747.69

1,894.28

845. 17 1,689.23

3,888.88

116,065.92

58,405.77

115, 267. 26

10,345,496.84

1 Credit. COST TO JUNE 30, 1918, OF QUARTERS COMPLETED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1918,

One-family, type 17, frame: Cristobal

Four-family, type 14, frame: Cristobal

Sixteen-family, frame, silver: Pedro Miguel (Red Tank)

.

Twelve-family, frame, silver: Balboa

Fifty-family, frame, silver: Pedro Miguel (Red Tank)....

Total.

Number.

2527

1

1

1

Amount.

$63, 236. 88 174,766.26

7, 709. 72

9,171.67

17,991.66

272,876.09

Unit cost.

$2,529.47

6,472.82

7, 709. 72

9,171.57

17, 991. 66

Table No. 23. -Detailed cost power producing and transmitting system, fiscal

year 1918 and to June 30, 1918.

•
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 219

Table No. 24.

Dredging excavation—Detailed cost per unit of work, fiscal year

1918.

GAILLARD CUT-CONSTRUCTION.

Item.

Operation, small ladder dredges

Repairs, small ladder dredges

Depreciation, small ladder dredges

Operation, large dipper dredges

Repairs, large dipper dredges

Depreciation, large dipper dredges

Operation, tugs, clapets, and scows

Repairs, tugs, clapets, and scows

Depreciation, tugs, clapets, and scows

Operation, miscellaneous floating equipment

Repairs, miscellaneous floating eqmpment

Depreciation, miscellaneous floating equipment

Channel lights

Division expense

Total division cost Rock excavated per cent.

.

Quantities.

Cubic yards.
220 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 25.- -Dredging excavation—Detailed cost per unit of icork, fiscal year

i5iS—Continued.

Dredging inner harbor—Continued.

Repairs, tugs, clapets, and scows

Depreciation, tugs, clapets, and scows

Operation, drill barges

Repairs, drill barges

Depreciation, drill barges

Operation, miscellaneous floating equipment

Repairs, miscellaneous floating equipment

Depreciation, miscellaneous floatmg equipment

Pipelines

Dikes

Division expense

Total division cost

Earth excavation per cent Rock excavation do .

.

Reclaiming land: Pipe 1 ines Dikes

Operation, relay pumps

Repairs, relay pumps

Division expense

Total division cost

Quantities.
11EI>0RT OF AUDITOR. 221

Table No. 26.Dredging excavation—Detailed cost per unit of work, fiscal year iWS—Continued.

Item.

Depreciation, miscellaneous floating equipment

Drilling

Blasting

Pipe lines Dikes

Operation, relay pumps

Repairs, relay pumps

Channel lights

Ditching

Sluicing

Division expense

Total division cost

Earth excavation per cent

.

Rock excavation do. .

.

Quantities.
222 THE PANAMA CAKAL.

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REPORT OF AUDITOR. 225

Table No. 29. -Panama Canal—Cost of ivater per 1,000 gallons, fiscal year 1918,

Ancon-Balboa-Panama system.

[Quantities exclude water used in city of Panama and north of Pedro Miguel.]

1917, July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. January

Febniary

March

April

May

June

Total

Quantity,

1,000 gallons.

118, 1,8.5 121,205

121,.S05 131.815

125, 862

134,376

146, 887

94,.532

176, 703 142,529

(iS, S55

135, 858

1,518,612

Operation

Gamboa

pump

station.

$0. 0124

.0141 .0128

.0151 .0142

.0135

.0135

.0145

.0137 .0148

.0157

.0148

.0141

Operation

Miraflores

filtration plant.

SO. 0227

.0253

.0263 .0278

.0288

.0204

.0171 .0214

.0146 .0207

.0259

.0203

.0223

Operation

Balboa

pump

station.

$0. 0107

.0112

.0105

.0131 .0132

.0139

.0122

.0157

.0111 .0137

.0174 .0126

.0127

Mainte- nance water

mains.

$0.0173

.0286

.0201 .0222 .0262

.0248

.0316

.0413

.0254 .0073

.0051

.0496

.0263

Total.

.0631 .0792

.0697

.0782

.0824

.0726

.0744

.0929

.0648

.0565

.0641 .0973

.0754

Table No. 30.

Panama Canal—Cost of water per 1,000 gallons, fiscal year 1918,

Colon-Cristobal system.

[Quantities exclude water used in city of Colon.]

1917 July

August

September

October

November

December

1918, January

February , March

April

May

June

Total

Quantity,

1,000 gallons.

75, 600

73,333

71,403

70, 173

70, 510

67, 545

73, 128 63,007

67, 937

68, 654

75, 457 74,319

851,066

Mainte- nance Brazos Brook

reservoir.

$0.0212

.0169

.0101 .0103

.0109

.0106

.0099

.0134

.0107 .0126

.0097

.0074

.0120

Operation

Mount

Hope filtra- tion plant.

$0. 0129

.0135 .0140

.0172

.0214

.0285

.0238

.0148

.0179

.0184 .0118

.0119

.0171

Operation

Mount

Hope pump

station.

.0147

.0154

. 01.51 .0204

.0171

.0170

.0200

.0190

.0182

.0183

.01,81 .0184

.0176

Mainte- nance water

mains.

$0. 0.532

. 0543

. 0320

.0322

.0506

.0456

.0506 .0325

.0265

.0324

.0484 .0675

.0404

Total.

.1020

.1001 .0712

.0801 .1000

.1017

.1043 .0797

.0733 .0817 .0880

.1052

.0871

Table No. 31. -Panama Canal—Cost of ivater per 1,000 gallons, fiscal year 1918,

Gatun system.
226 THE PANAMA CANAL.

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230 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 35.

Statement of collections repaid to appropriations and to individuals and comimnies and collections deposited to miscellaneous receipts during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918.

Department and classification.

DEPARTMENT OF OPERATION AND

MAINTENANCE.

Paymaster—various individuals and

companies

Lock operation

Electrical Balboa shops

Construction and repairs

Shopwork

Electric work

Electric current Compressed air Train service and use of rolling equipment

Tug service Service of other floating eqmpment .

.

Pilotage

Wharfage

Sales of water

Operation and maintenance, Pan- ama waterworks

Repairs and maintenance of Panama

pavement

Handling lines at locks Steamship inspection

Dredging

Boiler inspection

Minor services Dry dockage, Balboa

Dry dockage, Cristobal Meals furnished

Total, department of operation and maintenance

SUPPLY DEPARTMENT.

Subsistence:

Commissary books honored by

Panama Canal

Meals furnished

Hotel Tivoli Hotel Aspinwall Line hotels Messes Minor services Laborers' meal tickets

Total, subsistence

Quartermaster:

Material from stock Rock, sand, gravel and screenings

Printing and binding

Corral Miscellaneous jobs

Rental of gold quarters

Rental of silver quarters

Garage rental Ancon nursery Handling fuel oil Operation of stores Operation of quarters

Minor services Fuel oil Second-hand furniture Containers in transit Cost of making sales

Total, quartermaster

Total, supply department

CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT,

PANAMA CANAL.

Cristobal coaling station.

Total fiscal year 1918.

S40.00

56.25

1 12. 50

531. 05 1,535,228.18

1,S10,&55.99

232,568.09

60,884.01

500. 00

3,268.13

154^635.41

66,96.3.41 34,064.34

21,484.80

62,044.65

122,000.00

640.97 23,622.10

3, 240. 01 1,773.07 49.76 69,966.87

37,767.16

8, 148. 06 24,116.01

4,274,561.42

451,363.98

22, 190. 43 118,737.05

1, 192. 10 24,634.73

166. 28 19,209.46

101, 749. 46

739, 243. 49

1,139,810.33

16, 638. 05 17,968.67

52,907.78

52, 165. 65 2,616.43

103, 156. 60

5,817.85

4,747.22

30,517.92

49,500.00

77,500.00

29,614.39

747, 642. 56 3,965.98

200. 00 120,011.35

2,454,780.78

3,194,024.27

300,000.00

Department and classification.

ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT.

Lost metal checks

Cablegrams

Proportion of salaries. Accounting department

Overpayments

Lost property

Service of employee obtaining bill of health

Total, accounting department

CIVIL GOVERNMENT.

Schools. Police and prisons.

School tuition

Sale of school books

Police service Minor services.. Postal service ^ Total, civil government

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

Proportion of salaries. Photographs and prints Motor-car service Minor services Canal Record

Joint commission expenses

General bureau, official photos, etc. Executive, miscellaneous

Office engineer

Auditor

Total, executive department.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Land rental Building rental Land office expense

Equipment rental Boathouse revenues

Total, miscellaneous

HEALTH DEPARTMENT.

Ancon Hospital: Fees Mess

Burials

Miscellaneous

Colon Hospital: Fees Mess

Miscellaneous

Pale Seco Leper Asylum

Dispensaries

Quarantine:

Subsistence

Other charges

Sanitation: Panama

Colon

Canal Zone._ , Street cleaning:

' Panama

Colon

Corozal Hospital:

Produce

Pasturage

Burials Insane asylum

Sales from medical store Minor services Santo Tomas Hospital

Overpayment

Total, health department

Total fiscal year 1918.

81,106.55

3, 302. 45 143,666.86

16, 679. 68

776. 88

772. 86

575.00

166, 880. 28

41.67 2.10

4,364.64

760. 72

24, 648. 40 4,215.16 550.00

34, 582. 69

72, 992. 25

295. 58 4,037.98

190. 62 68.95

.60 40.63

190. 50

.18 4,246.56

82,063.85

14,062.85

2, 598. 63 11,002.30

436. 79 117.50 28,218.07

143,115.29

20, 262. 73 3,172.03

1,307.14

18, 456. 61

3, 787. 39 261.20

2, 699. 75 1,954.75

10,849.52

9,267.75

8,765.87

10, 419. 28

7, 100. 48

10,081.85

4,698.92

20,915.88

62.00

227. 87

22, 532. 43

10, 533. 44

234. 09

643.21 61.11 311,410.59
EEPORT OF AUDITOR. 231

Table No. 35.- -Statement of coUecUons, etc. RECAPITULATION.

-Continued.

Department and classification.
232 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 30.

Statement of transactions, etc.—Coutinued.

RECAPITULATION.
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 233

Table No. 37.

Statement of audited pay rolls, etc.—Continued.

Operation and maintenance—Continued.

Supply department—Continued.

Accounting

Auditor

Paymaster

Collector

Total, accounting.

Building

Fortifications Injury and death

Old act New act Spedal service

Total, operation and maintenance.

Construction and equipment:

Joint commission

Special attorney and land office

Total, construction and equipment.

Civil government:

Civil affairs Posts

Police and prisons.

Fire protection Schools

District court

District attorney .

.

Marshal

Magistrate courts.

.

Special service

Total.

8331,305.50

42,015.77

32,943.13

406,264:40

1,738,522.15

291,293.97

773.39 48,205.13

6, 104. 55

10,301,988.12

Total,' civil government.

Sanitation:

Office Medical store Ancon hospital

Colon hospital

Santo Tomas hospital.

.

Palo Seco leper asylum

.

Dispensaries

Quarantine

Office Balboa

Cristobal BocasdelToro.

Corozalfarm

Corozal asylum

.

Health office

Panama

Colon

Zone sanitation.

Total, sanitation.

Fortification Omitted time prior to Apr. 1, 1914.

Grand total

41,849.69

16,304.76

58, 154. 45

31,397.07

86, 803. 24 222,258.99

63,587.22

88,211.65

16,448.48

7,400.00

6,891.34

12, 136. 43 23,028.29

Salaries.

$330,741.17

42,015.77

32,943.13

405,700.07

380,300.80

103,479.14

1,032.75

5, 760. 33

3,057,895.86

558, 162. 71

6,713.66

9,563.55

246, 159. 45 33,356.99

11,704.21

11,234.67

32, 162. 51

1,037.00

18,002.82

19,311.17

1,600.00

39,950.99

16,898.83

31,057.61

89,242.50

61,797.88

88,694.00

678,536.85

51,882.47

149. 08

11,648,873.68

41,849.69

16,304.76

58,154.45

31,397.07

86,803 24 222,258.99

63,587 22 88,211.65

16,448.48

7,400.00

6,891.34

12, 136. 43 23,028.29

Wages.

$564.33

564.33

1,358,221.35

187,814.83

773.39

47,172.38

344.22

7,244,092.26

558,162.71

6,713.66

9,086.04

206,937.44

29,733.79

11,704.21

6,220.75

31,594.55

1,037.00

12,549.46

16,336.21

1,600.00

31,522.67

5,402.53

24,920.92

32,275.56

25,648 48

18,994.70

440,755.30

13,538.95

4,128,507.27

477.51

39,222.01

3,623.20

5,013.92

567.96

5,453.36

2,974.96

8,428.32

11,496.30

6,136.69

56,966.94

36,149.40

69,699.30

237,781.55

38,343.52

149. 08

7,520,366.41
234 THE PANAMA CANAL.

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REPORT OF AUDITOR.' 235

Table No. 39.

Commissary hooks and coupons and meal tickets.

BOOKS ISSUED FOR PAY ROLL DEDUCTION.
236 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 39.

Commissarij books and coupons and meal tickets—Continued.

COUPONS HONORED AT COMMISSARIES, HOTELS, RESTAURANTS, NURSERY. DREDGES, AND CLUBHOUSES DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918.

Month.

July

August

September.

October...

November.

December.

January . .

.

February.

.

March

April

May

June

Total

Clubhouses.

$4, 296. 64

5, 838. 56

5, 610. 68

6, 032. 28 5,274.13

7, 124. 58

6, 974. 94 6,716.30

7, 138. 42

6, 999. 64

5, 832. 27

5, 5G0. 30

73,398.74

Nursery.

$119. 23

198. 18

251. 03

287. 22

298. 99

239. 10

315. 27

198. 99

222. 24

253. 04

176. 18

224. 78

2, 784. 25

Hotels,

restaurants, and

dredges.

$40,138.00

38, 861. 05

36, 796. 03 38,883.69

36, 670. 05

38, 424. 07

39, 527. 58 34,369.68

37, 093. 87

34, 945. 91

36, 558. 63

37, 259. 33

449, 527. 89

Commissary.

$429, 117. 74

445, 084. 04 424,093.43

445,669.35

452,368.25

539, 344. 18

430, 746. 69 408,504.35

451,235.08

457, 145. 89

466, 599. 20

439, 869. 29

5, 389, 777. 49

Total value.

8473,671.61

489, 981. 83

466, 751. 17

490, 872. 54 494,611.42

585,131.93

477, 564. 48

449, 789. 32

495, 689. 61 499,344.48

509, 166. 28

482, 913. 70

5,915,488.37

STATEMENT OF MEAL TICKETS ISSUED TO SILVER EMPLOYEES FOR WHICH COLLEC- TIONS WERE MADE ON PAY ROLLS.

Month.

July

August

September.

October. .

.

November.

December.

January...

Febmary.

.

March

A-pril

May

June

Total

9-cent.

Number.

37,626

25, 265

17, 087

13, 972

11,491

6,177

5,963

5,055

5,667

6,131

6,673

1, 731

142, 838

Value.

$3,386.34

2, 273. 85

1, 537. 83

1, 257. 48

1, 149. 10 617.70

596. 30

505. 50

566. 70

613. 10 667.30

173. 10

13,344.30

27-cent.

Number. Value.

6,697

6,421

6,906

7,716

6,689

5,518

6,329

5,597

5,862

5,556

5,551

1,959

70, 801

$1,808.19

1, 733. 67 1,864.62

2,083.32

2, 006. 70

1, 655. 40

1, 898. 70 1,679.10

1,758.60

1, 666. 80

1,665. .30 687. 70

20, 408. 10

40-cent.

Number. Value

18, 152

19, 632

20,956

23, 459

24, 538

21, 759

23, 385

20, 408

20, 737

20, 957

21, 505

12,046

247, 534

$7, 260. 80

7, 8.52. 80 8,382.40

9,383.60

9, 815. 20 8,703.60

9,354.00

8, 163. 20

8, 294. 80 8,382.80

8, 602. 00

4,818.40

99, 013. 60

Total

value.

$12,455.33

11,860.32

11,784.85

12, 724. 40 12,971.00

10; 976. 70 11,849.00

10, 347. 80

10, 620. 10

10, 662. 70

10, 934. 60

5, 579. 20

132, 766. 00

Table No. 40.

Statement of balance of Canal Zone funds with collector, by

appropriations, June 30, 1918.

Miscellaneous and contingent $1 045 48 Public improvements and schools *>' 4''S 7H

Postal receipts, 1915 I___III 2' 745 90 Postal savings funds ' 509 00 Money-order funds 870 419' 47

Trust funds q §7^' 7^ Clubhouse funds 01^' K'ro' ok

Interest —__. J-.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::":::::::::::: i; lef: ft

Total 945, 061. 95
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 237
238 THE PANAMA CANAL.

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REPORT OF AUDITOR. 239

Table No. 43.

Postal Service—Statement of audited revenues, fiscal years 1007

to 1918, inclusive.
240 THE PA.NAMA CANAL.

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REPORT OF AUDITOR. 241
242 THE PANAMA CANAL.

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REPORT OF AUDITOR. 243

Table No. 49.

Bureau of clubs and playgrounds, balance sheet, June 30, 1918.

ASSETS.

Cash on hand:

Secretaries' balances $5, 035. 06 Deposited with collector. . 25, 573. 85 $30,608.91 Inventories: Sodafoimtain 3,801.04

Cigars and candy 2, 794. 12 Salable merchandise 5, 283. 45 Restaurant 54.15

11,932.76 Accounts receivable: Registered bills 5, 975. 63 Gatun soldiers 457.28 Balboa Yacht Club 189.50 Balboa Gun Club 1,440.09

8,062.50

Total 50,604.17

LIABILITIES.

Surplus:

To June 30, 1917 $6,570.32

Profit, current fiscal year . 18, 000. 04

Accounts payable:

Audited vouchers 24, 027. 87 Panama Railroad Company(swimming pool).. 2,000.00

Suspense (undistributed

credit) 5.94

$24,570.36

26,033.81

Total 50,604.17

Table No, 50.

Statement of amaunts paid under the act of May 30, 1908, to employees as compensation on account of deaths of employees injured in the course of employment and amounts paid under act of Feb. 24, 1909, for

injuries lasting 15 days or less; amounts paid under Executive order of Feb.

26, 1913; amounts paid under Executive Order No. 1902, dated Mar. 20, 1914;

and am-ounts paid under act of Sept. 7, 1916, covering period from Aug. 1,

1908, to June 30, 1918.

Total payments, by fiscal years.

Aug.

July

July

July

July

July

July

July

July

1, 1908,

1. 1909,

1. 1910,

1. 1911,

1. 1912,

1, 1913,

1, 1914,

1, 1915,

1, 1916,

to June 30, 1909. toJimeSO, 1910.. to June 30, 1911.

.

to June 30, 1912.. to June 30, 1913.. to June 30, 1914.. to June 30, 1915.. to June 30, 1916.. to June 30, 1917..

Total

Payments imder Executive order of Feb. 26, 1913 Payments under Executive order of Mar. 20, 1914: Apr. 1, 1914, to June 30, 1914 July 1, 1914, to June 30, 1915 July 1, 1915, to June 30, 1916 July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917 July 1, 1917, to June 30, 1918 P^ments imder provisions of contracts between

Panama Canal and contractors Payments under special acts of Congress

Total

Amounts paid to Panama R. R. employees:

Apr. 1, 1914, to June 30, 1914 July 1, 1914, to June 30, 1915 July 1, 1915, to June 30, 1916 July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917 July 1, 1917, to June 30, 1918 Payments made to Panama R. R. Co. for injuries in- curred prior to Apr. 1, 1914 Payments under act of Congress of Sept. 7, 1916: Sept. 7, 1916, to June 30, 1917 July 1, 1917, to June 30, 1918

Injuries.

$32,355.71

96, 810. 33

168, 416. 23

166, 620. 21 150,943.79

111,240.75

17,703.40

168.00

744, 258. 42

4, 283. 82 41.871.91 32,341.85

9, 748. 10

334. 18

770. 61

10, 275. 45

9,056.66

3,146.70

185.98

Grand total.

15, 845. 04 42,396.54

Deaths.

$3, 682. 79 21,053.22

35; 248. 39 37,534.68

23, 792. 02

41, 015. 34

14, 268. 97

1, 206. 00 545.40

178, 346. 81

43,017.71

33,321.07

11,400.95

740. 18

2, 300. 42

3,330.24

13,961.57

3,848.77

Under act

of Feb. 24, 1909.

$8, 225. 16 16,010.30

49,957.80

55, 838. 25 49,335.91

33, 704. 92

213, 072. 34

Total.

$44, 263. 66

133, 873. 85

253, 622. 42 259,993.14

224, 071. 72

185,961.01

31,972.37

1, 374. 00

545.40

1, 135, 677. 57

13, 227. 62

4, 283. 82 84,889.62

65,662.92

21, 149. 05

740. 18

334. 18 39,418.37

1,365,383.33

770.61

12, 575. 87 12,386.90

3, 146. 70

185.98

614.60

29, 806. 61 46,245.31

1,471,115.91

86372°—18- -17
244 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 51.

Statement of amounts paid under Executive Order No. 1902,

dated Mar. 20, 1914, «« compensation to employees injured, and on account of

deaths of employees injured, while directly engaged in actual xvork ivith The

Panaina Canal and Panama Railroad Company from July 1, 1917, to June 30,

1918, and statement of amounts paid under act of Sept. 7, 1916, as compensation to employees injured, and on account of deaths of employees injured

while in the performance of duty inith The Panama Canal and the Panama

Railroad Company from July 1, 1911, to June 30, 1918.

Payments under act of Sept. 7, 1916.

Injury. Death.

Payments under Executive order of Mar. 20, 1914.

Injury. Death.

Mechanical

Supply, quartermaster

Supply, subsistence

Building

Fortifications Health

Dredging

Municipal engineering

Police and fire protection

Electrical Locks

Marine

Superintendent, Panama Railroad

Transportation, Panama Railroad.

Receiving and forwarding agency

.

Balboa agency

Coaling plant

Engineer of docks

Commissary

Pasture clearing

Plantations

Meteorology and hydrography

Director of posts

$11,

2,

110. 25

934. 30

64.02

798. 66

743. 26

193. 90

530. 64 239.34

346.61

302. 61

614. 60

215. 03

507. 10

032. 35

390.83 63.42

978. 13 60.41 807.49

327. 96

105.41 16.89

13.33

42,396.54

$308.33

720.71

'690.17

'466.'22

1,110.27

322.79

230.28

$740. 18

$185. 98

3, 848. 77 185. 98 740. 18

Table No. 52.Claims for inju?-ies received during period from July 1, 1917,

to June 30, 1918, Panama Canal and Panama Railroad employees.

Period of disability.

Monthly rate of pay.

Not more

than $40.

Not more

than $75.

Not more

than $200.

More than

$200. Total.

More than 3 to 30 days

More than 30 to 90 days

More than 90 days to 1 year More than 1 year

Total

1,042

13428

18

135

175

7

143163

1

1,222 164 163

1,327

16936

26

1,558
EEPORT OF AUDITOR. 245

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REPORT OF AUDITOR, 251

Table No. 58.

Comparative statement of store balance, July 1, 1917, and July

1, 1918.

Quartermaster store (by comm.). Jul}' 1, 1917. July 1, 1918.

Comm.

1. Air-brake material

2. Alcohol

3. Alum and other chemicals for filtering water

4 . Arms and ammunition

5. Asbestos and magnesia and compounds

6. Asphalt, petroleum residue and mineral tar, .pitch and rosin

7. Blocks, chain and tackle

8 . Boilers, steam

9. Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers

10. Books, educational, library, and reference

11

.

Bricks, building, fire and paving

12. Brooms, mops, dusters, and scrub brushes

13. Building material (not other\vise specified)

14. Buoys

15. Oars, hand, push, and insoectors', and velocipedes

16. (Hastings, rough—brass and copper

17. Castings, rough—iron and steel

18. Cement, Portland (including bags)

19. Chain

20. Cleanings and toilet supplies

21. Construction equipment, accessories and supplies

22 . Containers, nonexpendable (ex;cept cement bags)

23. Conveying and lifting equipment, accessories and parts

24. Diving outfits and parts

25. Drafting supplies

26. Drugs, chemicals, vaseline, naphtha, and benzine. ..\ 27. Educational supplies

28. Ejectors, injectors, lubricators, pop valves, blow-ofi cocks, water gauges and parts

29. Eleotricalequipment, accessories and parts (ex lock machinery)

31. Electricians' supplies (not otherwise specified)

32. Engines, steam, and parts

33. E xplosives and blasting batteries and parts

34. Farm, plantation, and sattle ranch implements, supplies and parts

35. Fire preventing and fire-flghting equipment, supplies and parts (not

hose)

36. Fittings, pipe and valve

37. FlagSj (raih-oad excluded)

38. Floating equipment

39. Floating equipment, parts for

40. Forage, feed, and bedding

41. Fuel, coal, anthracite

42. Fuel, coal, bituminous

43. Fuel, crude oil. 44. FruTiace and foundry supnlies (e s.c6'ot pig iron)

45. Furniture and equipment (office) and parts

46. Furniture, other than office

47. Gasoline

48. Gauges, steam and vacuum

49. Glass, window, sash and ulate

50. Glue, gelatin, rubber, and asbestos cement

51 . Hair, feathers and moss

52. Hardware (except nails and spikes)

53. Harness, saddlers', and other corral equipment and suppUes

54. Hose

832,070.04

8,083.52

58.36

2.25 2,371.59

8,411.48

372. 55

155, 659. 91

11,303.99

5,703.12

36, 396. 67

366. 40 2,363.72

46, 793. 05

104,452.56

48, 316. 34

15, 754. 41 10,594.99

95,899.91

52,377.52

113, 189. 56

201.70

65,941.91

43,933.66

256, 272. 39

61. 73

3, 379. no

60, 144. 55

892. 68

994.93

140, 121. 29

376. 70

6970

71.

72. 73.

74.

75.

76.

77. 78.

56. Instruments, equipment, and suppUes, surgical, medical and laboratory

57. Iron, in nigs , 58. Iron and steel.in bars and sheets (ex galvanized iron roofing) , 59. Iron and steel, reinforcing

60. Ladders and scafTolds

61. Laundry apparatus, accessories and parts

62. Lawn rnowers and rakes (other than hand-operated ) 63. Leather and belting

64. Lime, plaster, and clay

65. Live stock and poultry

'

66. Lumber, pine, fir, and redwood

67. Lumber, fancy

Metals, in pigs (excepting iron)

Metals, in sheets and bars (excepting iron) and steel Meters, current, and parts Meters, water, oil, and air Nails and spikes

Office supplies and stationery

Oilcloth and linoleum ". Oils, illuminating

'

Oil, lubricating, and greases, graphite, welding and cutting compounds.!

Packing, calking, and gaskets

79. Packing receptacles (expendable) and other packing supplies "

80. Paints and painter's supplies, putty, varnishes, shellacs, linseed dryer, filler, white and red lead , etc

707, 062. 89 3,725.62

6,239.68

> 37, 283. 65

107. 30

101,775.48

4,735.65

27, 319. 49 58,070.08

894. 99

9, 238. 75 1,998.89

42S. 60

154,151.91

5, 079. 47

37, 147. 50

I 7, 003. 43 1,433.59

639,471.81

162,401.48

312. 89 2.70

oils,

13,816.36

2, &34. 10

443,767.38

.59, 3?.i. 35

3. 636. 75 78,011.42

3,811.13

1,119.23

49, 569. 18

3, 825. 33

359. 98 '73,511.00

34, 937. 46 38,462.62

443. 18

190,842.46

$27,613.59

9,320.82

17.55

1 12.97

1, 127. 15

7, 184. 00

9, 675. 53 1,912.74

123,40.5.21

1 11.72

6, 170. 69 13,124.52

22,65.3.68

780. 70 1,628.29

47,334.48

87, 274. 82

40,988.02

21,964.48

29. 354. 60

95, 219. 91 75,412.08

112,099.39

1 1.30. 5^

289. 39

68, 103. 94

' 45. 35

48,026.42

283,800.81

1,168.92

6,44.3.15 24,634.92

8,466.06

2,966.12

149,957.38

1,948.74

1 92. 99 821,901.45

1 609 01

274. 63 5,670.45

11,700.99

55,420.42

4, 548. 48 16,261.01

101,077.15

1,042.55

15, 760. 37

8, .502. 39

2, 152. 85 245,016.30

6,823.38

79, 710. 40 1,797.36

29,416.11

715.916.26 30;843.78

429. 64 19.42

80.79

10, 233 46

6. a38. 22

1.65

4.53,853.92

65, 441. 69 10,981.94

117,008.85

4, 926. 85

902. 95

39, 803. 44

4, 198. 54

4, 7.56. 34

22, 366. 64

36. 656. 61 55,816.62

1 18. 38

289, 583. 89

1 Indicates credit balances caused by credit to storehouses for issues of these articles, the charges for which were not received until after closing of books for current fiscal year.
252 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 58.—Comparative statement of store balance, July 1, 1917, and July

1, i9i8—Continued.

Quartermaster store (by comm.). July 1, 1917. July 1, 1918.

Comm.

81. Paper, packing

82. Paper, printing

83. Photographic supplies and parts. . , 84. Piling

85. Pipe and fitting (vitrified)

86. Piping and tubing (metal)

87. Plumbing material (not otherwise specified)

88. Police equipment (except arms and ammunition)

89. Polishing and abrading supplies

90. Printing plant equipment and supplies (not including paper).

91. Production equipment, accessories, and parts

92. Pumps and parts, including electric

93. Rails

94. Recreational equipment and parts

95. Refrigerating equipment, accessories, and parts

96. Refrigeration supplies

EOLUNG STOCK, PARTS FOB.

106.

107.

108. 109.

110.

111. 112.

113.

114.

115.

116.

117.

118.

119. 120.

121. 122.

123.

124.

125.

126.

127.

128. 129.

130.

131. 132.

133.

134.

135.

136.

137. 138.

139. 140.

141.

143.

144.

147. 148.

149.

Locomotives

Freight and passenger train cars. Motor cars , railroad Rotope Rubber \ib\. products (except packing and belling and tires) Sashes, doors, blinds, molding, and capping, screening, strips, etc. Scales and parts

Scientific equipment and parts (except surgicfe.1 and surveying). .

.

Screening, bronze and copper

Searchlights and lighthouse equipment and supplies

Signal material (automatic)

Stone, sand, gravel, and slate Subsistence equipment

Subsistence supplies

Siu-veying instruments and supplies

Tanks.

Telegraph and telephone equipment, accessories and parts Tents and parts, flies and tarpaulins

Thermometers and barometers

Ties , cross and switch

Tiles, building

Tools, miscellaneous

Tools, pneumatic and electric Track material (other than rails and ties) Trucks, warehouse, etc Tubes, boiler and condenser

Vehicles, animal-drawn , accessories and parts

Vehicles, motor-drawn bicycles, accessories and parts (railroad motor

cars and fire equipment excluded)

Waste

Water cranes and standpipes

Wearing apparel and sewing supplies.

.

Wire and wire cables Wire, covered and coated '. Woven products and fabrics Steel , structural Lock machinery and parts Obsolete material

Fortifications equipment

Native lumber

Concrete blocks for breakwater repairs

Oil, Diesel

Total Quartermaster stores Miscellaneous district quartermasters' stores. Fuel-oil store ^, Medical store Stationery store Printing Plant

Total,

1 S323. 60

1,212.71

6,514.82

178, 787. 90

35,039.41

7, 205. 04

306. 59

49, 336. 74 22,603.35

540. 78

663. 96

1, 109. 89

196. 64

65, 625. 93

216, 993. 33

4, 796. 42 72,988.12

457. 44

12, 263. 57

562. SO

1,419.01

18,834.91

614. SO

10, 817. 20 86.36

15,291.33

400. 34 1,041.11

1,4.50.00 13,877.54

1,393.93

610. 87 2,329.42

5, 3''6. 98 69,758.49

30,706.36

20, 570. 75

522. 40

40, 287. 68 3,093.37

30, 933. 47

12,446.05

1,236.09

130, 246. 45 110,784.09

11,344.50

107,101.39

164,007.82

50,973.42

1 54. 00

5,5*<',674.89

S, 006. 07 273,473.73

88,717.49

15, .53''. 35

80, 580. 17

6, 048, 984. 70

$1, 355. 62 1.35

1 16. 14

1, 608. 65

8, 831. 28

150, 803. 80

43, 243. 60 47.35

4,573.18

458.31

55, 498 24

22, ass. 40

13, 729. 76

640. 12 4,851.93 127.24

69,095.27

220, 706. 72

6, 825. 51

102, 863. 09

219. 15

17, 597. 53

659. 05 1,124.15

18,361.27

3,031.63

12,371.40

1 23. 65 22,686.07

1 115. 49 839.42 369.07

26, 785. 31 4,761.73

885. 86

15, 130. 69 14,105.97

82,954.62

33,359.91

28,545.65

571. 73

65, 686. 18

4, 530. 10

42,687.25

11,675.34

117. 50 2,277.75

140, 172. 54

180, 193. 77

129, 158. 88 3,607.68

1,682.98

42,099.01

6, 619. 28

40,498.34

226. 23

6,257,851.51

5, 862. 31 264,988.99

114,63.5.74 18,972.41

85, 377. 30

6, 747, 688. 26

1 Indicates credit balances caused by credit to storehouses for issues of these articles, the charges for which

were not received until after closing of books for current fiscal year.
REPORT OF AUDITOR. 253

Table No. 59.^Supply department, commissary branch, cost of material and

supplies purchased and sold during the year ended June 30, 1918.

Class.

Groceries Hardware

Dry goods Boots and shoes Cold storage

Tobacco

Eaw material.

.

Total

On hand

June 30, 1917.

$946,811.46

126, 118. 23

905, 564. 80 265.118.95

167,651.31

52, 574. 18

244, 478. 02

2,708,316.95

Purchases.i

$2,643,679.55

237,236.97

768. 349. 43 270.924.70

1, 347, 049. 31

302, 223. 34

2, 616, 746. 53

8, 186, 209. 83

On hand

June 30, 1918.

$827, 466. 66

127, 129. 56

720. 879. 68

214. 269. 80

114,702.98

33. 603. 46

357, 336. 33

2, 395, 388. 47

Sold.

$2, 763, 024. 35

236, 225. 64 953,034.55

321,773.85

1, 399, 997. 64

321,194.06

2, 503, 888. 22

8, 499, 138. 31

1 Includes cattle, hogs, and poultry in amount of $1,738,854.65.

PERCENTAGE OF SURCHARGE EARNED ON COST.

Groceries Hardware

Dry goods Boots and shoes

.

Cold storage

Tobacco

Raw material

Class.

Total.

Sold.

$2,763,024.35

236,225.64

953, 034. 55

321. 773. 85 1,399,997.64 321.194.06

2, 503, 888. 22

Earned

surcharge.

$334,020.59

48, 581. 30

347,629.65

65,605.47

453,783.45

163, 086. 83

8, 499, 138. 31 1,412,707.29

Percentage

earned on

cost.

12.09 20.57 36.48

20.39

32.41 50.77

23.56

LOCATION OF PURCHASES.

United States $5, 429, 445. 74 Foreign 201,152.80

Local 571 . 661. 57 Central and South Amerix;a 1, 870. 999. 17 Panama Canal 112, 950. 55

Total 8,186,209.83

CLASSIFICATION BY COMMODITIES.

Groceries $2,643,679.55

Dry goods 768 349.43 Hardware 237. 236. 97 Boots and shoes 270. 924. 70 Cold storage 1, 347. 049. 31 Tobacco 302. 223. 34 Raw material 2, 616, 746. 53

Total 8,186,209.83

Table No. 60.

^upphj dcpurtinent, coiiDiiissary branch, statement showing distribution of sales and selling value for the year ended June 30, 1918.

APPENDIX H.

EEPORT OF THE EXECTJTIVE SECRETARY, EXECTTTIVE

DEPARTMENT.

Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, September 10^ 1918.

Sir : This report covers the work of the executive department and

includes, in addition, a statement of the business transacted by the

Canal Zone courts, which, for administrative purposes only, are considered in the executive department.

Organization.

The organization has been continued without change from that of

the last fiscal year ; and the work of the department handled with an

average working force as follows, the 1917 report being included for

purposes of comparison

:

Gold rollGeneral bureau

Timekeeping bureau . .

.

Personnel bureau

Record bureau

Correspondence bureau

Property bureau

Bureau of statistics Bureau of clubhouses .

.

Motor cars Joint commission

Special attorney

Police and fire division. Division of civil affairs

.

Division of schools Courts

Total

The addition in force is mainly due to the establishment of a cen- sorship bureau under the division of civil affairs, with an increase

in the number of customs inspectors. In the division of schools, 13

more teachers were employed than last year. The greatest reduction in force was due to the withdrawing of the special police details at the locks, this work having been taken over by the Army. A

large number of authorized positions within the department remain

unfilled, largely due to inabilit}^ to secure the employees; this is

particularly true of the classified civil service positions. The department, in common with all others of The Panama Canal, has been

handicapped by employees entering the military service.

255
256 the panama canal.

Special Work.

It had been for some time evident that the work of the bureau of

clubs and phiygrounds could be improved with a special effort made

to determine its most urgent requirements and adjust such points

of local inefficiency as might bft found to exist. Accordingly, a special representative of this department was delegated to assume

charge of all clubs and playgrounds with their allied activities and

to report special conditions which needed improving. A summary

of this investigation is included in the separate report of bureau of

clubs and playgrounds.

Adjustment of the wage scale has required more attention than

ever because of the changes in the States. The more important adjustments have been:

Mechanical trades, July 1, September 24, November 16, 1917, and May

1. 1918.

Building trades, July 1, 1917.

Railroad employees, January 1, 1918.

Other employees such as clerks, foremen, draftsmen, etc., July 1, 1917.

Routine adjustments due to changes in the work from time to time during the year.

The work in this connection has been to obtain and compile data

of wages in the United States for work comparable with that on the

Isthmus, and to coordinate classes of positions in the canal service.

Two general advances in the pay of silver employees were made,

effective on October 1, 1917, and May 1, 1918, the hourly rate being

increased one cent each time, and the monthly rate $2.50. These in- creases were the results of recommendations of boards on silver rates

of pay appointed by the Governor to investigate and report upon the

living conditions of silver employees, who had presented petitions

for increases in pay to enable them to meet the increased cost of living. A large amount of data was collected and compiled for these

wage adjustments.

During the campaigns to promote the sale of first, second, and

third Liberty loans, and the two drives to promote subscriptions to

the Red Cross funds, an employee of this department spent most of

his time on publicity work, such as preparation of news articles for

publication, distribution of advertising matter, and work among the

several subcommittees.

Owing to the necessity for withholding information which might

be useful to the enemy, much of the statistical matter, dealing with

canal navigation and commodities, heretofore published or sent to

correspondents, has been withheld. Publication of The Panama

Canal Record was continued, but to save hcbor and paper, it is being

conducted strictly as a bulletin for official announcements.

Statistics of birth, disease, and death, have been kept and published. Commencing January, 1918, the publication of monthly re- ports of the chief health officer was discontinued and quarterly re- ports arc now issued instead. The records of vital statistics that

have accumulated since 1904 are being compiled, indexed, and bound

into volumes so that they will be easily available and not liable to

loss.

Statistics have been kept of the costs of certain standard articles

of food sold in the Panama Railroad commissaries, as compared with
REPORT OP EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 257

the cost of similar products in the United States, based upon the

figures compiled by the bureau of hibor statistics of the United

States Department of Labor. Statements of these costs have been

published in The Panama Canal Record from time to time.

A study was made of labor conditions at the Cristobal docks ; and

after an investigation extending over five weeks a system of classification and registration of the dock laborers was devised which has

resulted in (a) increasing the average earnings of the dock employees, (b) decreasing the number of names appearing on the pay

rolls, (c) a system of positive identification of employees, and (d)

insuring an equal chance for employment to registered employees,

and preference over unregistered men.

In the latter i:>art of June, 1917, arrangements were made with the

State Department for the issuance by the executive office of identification certificates for canal employees and their families, and other

civilians residing on the Isthmus, in lieu of regular passports for

travelii g to the United States. Since that date over 4,000 such certificates have been issued.

With the outbreak of war, admission to the various areas in the

Canal Zone was restricted to employees and others having business

therein, and a system of permits, with a photograph of the holder,

was inaugurated. For the calendar year 1917 approximately 2,000

such permits were issued; and for 1918 to date about 2,500 permits

have been issued. Arrangements are being completed for issuing

photo-metal checks, similar to those used by munitions plants and

navy yards, for all employees of the Government on the Isthmus,

and outsiders having business within certain areas. These will take

the place of restricted area permits, and provide a positive means of

identification for all persons entering restricted areas. An experienced librarian has been secured from the United States

and plans are being made to improve and coordinate all the library

facilities on the Isthmus. The Panama Canal library, established

for the official use of The Panama Canal in 191-1, will be used as the central library, and branches will be established in the various

clubhouses.

Working Force.

Statements of the working force have heretofore been published

in the annual report of the chief quartermaster; but are now published in this report because the time rolls and personnel work are

all done in the executive office. Tables following give details of the

force for the fiscal year, and comparison by years since 1906,
258 THE PANAMA CANAL.

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REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 259

Table No. 2.

Force reports by months, fiscal year 1911-18.

Year and month.

1917. July

August

September

October

November

December

1918. January

February

March

April

May

June

The Panama Canal.

Gold.

3,186

3,092

3,071

3,117

3,152

3,151

3,108

3,128

3,117

2,963

2,824

2,765

Silver.

17, 152

16, 407

16, 182 16,113

15,643

16,176

16,271

15, 597 15,258

14,270

13,513

13, 149

Panama R. R. Co.

Gold.

369

369

364

359 360

360

355 362

360

356 335

343

Silver.

Grand

total.

4,276

3,396

3,789

4,236

2,197

2,900

3,431

2,925

2,392

2,900

2,655

3,008

24,983

23,274

23,406

23,825

21,352

22, 587

23, 165

22, 012

21, 127 20,939

19,327

19, 265 Table No. 3.

High and low force records, December, 1906, to June 30, 1918,

by fiscal years.

December.

October.

January.

April

November.

October

.

January

.

March

December

.

December.

June

January

.

August -

August — December.

January

.

June

July.

February.

July

September.

January

.

June

July. June.

1906.

1907.

1908.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913.

1914.

1915.

1916.

1917.

1918.

The Panama Canal.

Gold.

3,881

4,992

4,033

4,950

4,161

4,376

4,295

4,553

4,705

4,420

4,292

4,332

4,122

4,087

3,744

3,944

3,790

4,198

3,088

3,208

3,129

3,552

3,229

3,186

2,763

Silver.

15,604

20,836

16, 987

21, 168

19, 803

23,411

20,583

26,284

24,383

25,439

21,795

25,818

24,860

30,918

23,209

23, 824

21, 499

22,846

17,023

17,982

17, 160

17,989

16,381

17, 152

12, 798

Total.

19,485

25, 828

21, 020

26,118

23,964

27, 787

24, 878

30,837

29,098

29,859

26,087

30, 150 28,982

35,005

26,953

27,768

25,289

27,044

20, 111

21,190

20,289

21,541

19,610

21,338

15,561

Panama

R. R.

Gold and

silver.

4,416

6,139

4,796

7,052

5,863

7,618

6,393

7,829

6,044

7,967

6,603

8,024

5,855

4,957

5,195

5,502

4,343

6,314

2,978

5,349

2,447

4,453

3,368

4,645

3,067

Total

Panama

Canal

and

Panama

R. R.

23,901

31,967

25,816

33, 170

29,827

35,495

31,271

38,676

35, 142

37, 826

32, 690

38, 174 34,837

39,962

32,148

33,270

29,632

32,358

23,089

26,539

22, 736

25,994

22,978

24,983

18, 628

Note.—Figures do not include contractor's forces. It taken into consideration, the greatest working

force ever reported was 44,733, on Mar. 26, 1913. 86372°—18- -18
260 the panama canal.

Bureau ov Clubs and Playgrounds.

The activities of this bureau were continued without material

change. Clubs for gold employees were maintained at Cristobal,

Gatun, Paraiso, Pedro Miguel, Ancon, and Balboa; and for silver

employees at Cristobal, Gatun, and La Boca, with substantially an

unchanged personnel. Athletic activities have been carried on as well as possible with the facilities at command.

The stadium erected at the athletic field at Balboa last year has

amply demonstrated its utility. Attendance at the ball games has

been the largest in the history of baseball on the Isthmus. The field

and stadium have been used by all the leagues, and other organizations identified with baseball; likewise for various patriotic demonstrations and Army maneuvers. At nearly all the ball games and

other events here the Army and Navy have contributed greatly in

spectators, participants, and with music furnished by regimental

bands. The club houses have been the chief means of harmonizing

civilian and military life on the Isthmus.

Various social organizations which have had their inception in

the clubhouses and have utilized them as their centers have continued

this practice, not a few of them having this year utilized their efforts

in support of war activities connected with the Red Cross and

similar movements.

Entertainments have been given by local companies and by a few

professional entertainers who chanced to be en route to other places.

Moving-picture exhibitions are held in all of the clubhouses several

times a week, at Balboa and Gatun every night, at Cristobal, Ancon,

and Pedro Miguel four times a week, and the service has been increased both in quality and number of films. All entertainments are

open to the men of the Army and Navy, and in consequence the halls

have frequently been inadequate for the crowds that wish to attend.

The moving pictures have been used freely in arousing patriotic

spirit, and in promoting Eed Cross and liberty loan subscriptions.

The clubhouses are the social centers of the peculiar life of the

Canal Zone, in which the ordinary political and social activities of

American communities can not flourish. During construction days

they were indispensable, although mainly designed for the use of

the male members of the community. Changed conditions make it

necessary to adapt them now to the use of men and women of the

canal force and to the thousands of men in the military forces on

the Isthmus. There is no substitute for the clubhouse.

To meet the increased demand for schools adequate commissaries,

etc., suitable structures have been provided. It is imperative that

our clubhouses receive similar consideration. Since their construction practically the only physical changes made in the clubhouses

have been the remodeling and enlargement of the old building at

Ancon, and the reconstruction with slight architectural changes of

the Balboa clubhouse. The buildings are old, of wood construction,

inadequate in size, arrangement, and equipment for the handling of

the number of people now dependent upon them. An order barring

the military from both the cities of Colon and Panama has resulted

in the clubhouses both at those points and along the line being

greatly overtaxed and their inability to render either to the civil or
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 261

the military patrons the attention due them. The clubhouses have

been in a large measure self-sustaining; they could, with suitable

buildings and equipment, be made still more so. The estimate for

1919-20 includes the specific improvements thought necessary for immediate consideration.

Table No. 48 of the auditor's report presents a summary of the

financial transactions of the clubhouses for the fiscal year.

Division of Civil Affairs.

bureau of posts.

The number of post offices in operation (16) remained unchanged

during the year. Of this number 14 are money-order offices.

Total receipts for the year were $142,741.41, an increase of $31,-

588.40 over the previous year's business. The excess of disbursements

over receipts was $22,128.36, as compared with $46,753.02 for the last

year. Increase in disbursements is largely due to added cost of transportation of mail and greater purchase of postage stamps. The in- crease of these two items, directly due to increased business, was

$5,241.04. The 40 per cent subsidy to the Panaman Government on

sales of postage stamps amounted to $34,007.76. Total revenues from

the postal service, including box rents, payments from the Panama

Railroad Company, from the Panaman Government for transportation of its mail between Panama and Colon, and from the United

States Post Office Department for handling United States transit

mails were $145,231.81, as compared with $110,741.41 for the preceding year.

There were 167,504 money orders issued during the year, amounting to $3,372,973.55,' on which fees amounting to $11,918.35 were

collected. A decrease of 5,971 orders exists in comparison with last

year's business, with a decrease of $409,790.16 in the amount issued,

and $452.93 in the fees collected. Many of these were deposit money

orders on which no fee was collected. June 30 there was on deposit $1,097.15 in the form of unpaid money orders drawn on Canal

Zone post offices in favor of remitters.

Deposit money orders issued during the year totaled $1,244,335;

payments on deposit money orders for the same period aggregated

$1,441,225, leaving a balance of $499,490 on deposit June 30. Old

postal savings accounts previously turned over to the auditor for direct pa^'ment have been reduced to an unpaid balance June 30 of

$509. Deposits have been considerably reduced during the year, due

to subscriptions by depositors to liberty bonds and war savings

stamps. On June 30, 1917, these deposits amounted to $1,053,246.10,

and on June 30, 1918, to $501,096.15. Interest on deposit money

orders amounting to $8,440.71 was paid during the fiscal year, as compared with $1,813.93 for the previous year.

The registry division of the post offices did a largely increased business this year as compared with last. A total of 266,867 parcels and

letters were handled, 130,894 being dispatched and 135,973 received.

Ancon and Cristobal, as exchange offices, handled 181,810 " registers,"

an increase of approximately 200 per cent over last year, this increase being largely due to the rerouting of mail through the Cristobal office intercepted on account of censorship.
262 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Fifteen thousand six hundred and twenty-nine parcels of mail

matter containing inaterials imported to the Isthmus by employees

of the United States Government were received, as compared with

13,938 for the previous year. Customs duties in the amount of $15,-

461.77 were collected by the Republic of Panama on mail parcels

received for nonemployees and on dutiable articles received by employees. Similar duties for the preceding year amounted to

$10,633.96.

The office of the director of posts issued 1,308 duplicates of lost or

stolen money orders, investigated 136 cases of losses and nondelivery

of registered mail, undertook special investigations for the United

States Post Office Department of mail in transit through the Canal

Zone, made 18 inspections of post offices, and issued 72 numbered circulars of instructions to postmasters.

Numerous arrests were made during the year for misuse of the

mails, including the misuse of canceled postage stamps, false personation in attempt to cash money orders, fraudulent use of the mails in

violation of section 1707, Postal Laws and Eegulations, sending obscene matter through the mails. Six arrests were made for rifling

mail aboard United Fruit Co.'s steamers while in port at Cristobal.

Five convictions were assured. Three convictions resulted from the

prosecution of cases tried during the year on arrests made the previous year for similar offenses. Four violations of the Postal Laws

and Regulations occurred by sending lottery matter through the

mails. Six cases were reported of misuse of the official business

penalty envelope, which practice is prevalent and difficult to stop

unless drastic action is taken.

During the latter part of June a change was effected in the handling of mail for ships in transit. Previously all mail for such ships

had been delivered by the boarding officer of the customs service. At

present such mail is gathered from the different steamship agencies,

consulates, and the Colon and Panama post offices, forwarded to

Gatun and Pedro Miguel post offices, and from these points delivered

to the boarding inspectors or pilots on the ships as they are passing

through the locks. An improved service is made possible in this

manner; reports are received three times daily of the movements of

the ships, and by the concentration of mail at one place there is little

possibility of its missing connection with the ships.

On account of the censoring of mail, the bureau of posts during

December, 1917, took charge of the handling of mails entering and

dispatched from the Canal Zone. Three countries of Central America and all countries of the west coast of South America maintain

postal agencies in the city of Panama ; and although the mail is consigned to the respective agencies, their handling of it is symbolical

only. The actual work is done by this bureau and all mail recorded

on transit waybills. During the period ended June 30 approximately 11,000 sacks were handled, affording a much better service

than previously existed, and much preferable to steamship lines conveying the mail to destination. It is considered a logical solution to

establish one agency on the Isthmus, undoi- the direction of this

bureau for the receipt and dispatch of all mail coming into the

Canal Zone.
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 263

BUREAU OF CUSTOMS.

There has been a large increase in shipping at canal ports during

the fiscal year. The total number of vessels entered was 4,447, the

total number cleared, 4,443; as compared with 3,718 entered and

3,721 cleared the previous year. This increase in shipping has re- sulted in a considerable amount of extra work, further supplemented

by the war restrictions prevailing. It has been possible to handle the

business with the addition of but one inspector to the regular force.

Only 447 prohibited aliens arrived on the Isthmus during the year,

255 at Balboa and 192 at Cristobal. Of this number, 223 were admitted to the Republic of Panama by authority of that Government;

the others proceeded to their ultimate destination or were returned

to the port of embarkation. The Governor's circular 714-1, issued

April 25, 1917, charges this bureau with the exclusion of Chinese

under the President's Executive order of February 6, 1917. In compliance with this regulation it is customary to check the number of

Chinese members of crews before a ship leaves a Canal Zone port,

and 207 crews were so checked during the year.

Seven arrests were made during the year for attempted smuggling,

resulting in six convictions and one acquittal. It is thought that attempts to smuggle opium through the Canal Zone into the Republic

of Panama have been reduced to a minimum; as only two arrests

were made for this offense this year, in spite of constant vigilance on

the part of this bureau. A considerable quantity of opium was discovered among some incoming freight; but the name of the consignee was fictitious and the consignment was not called for. All

confiscated drugs are delivered to the health department.

Under the provisions by which employees of the United States

Government are allowed the free entry of goods imported by

freight or express for their own use, this bureau, for the executive

secretary, approved 1,381 requests for the free entry of such shipments, as compared with 2,533 for the previous year.

The work of household inspection of goods belonging to either

Panama Canal employees or Army officers returning to the States

has been exceptionally heavy this year; due to the large number of

transfers of Army officers to the States as well as those employees

of The Panama Canal who have resigned and returned to their

homes, or entered the naval or military service. Certification by

this bureau of invoices covering shipments from the Canal Zone to

the States was in excess of last year in the amount of such invoices;

collections for this service having been $1,167.50 covering 1,288 invoices as against 1,169 last year. Merchandise arriving at either of

the canal ports for delivery within the Republic of Panama is re- leased to the Panaman officials upon receipt of necessary papers

showing the payment of duty on such merchandise. Permits for

5,690 such releases were granted at Cristobal during the year, and

10 releases at Balboa, where the greater part of such cargo is forwarded by railroad to Panama, at which point it is taken in charge

by the Panaman customs officials.

SHIPPING COMMISSIONER.

The assistant chief of the division of civil affairs, acting as shipping commissioner, with the chief customs inspectors as deputy
264 THE PANAMA CANAL.

shipping commissioners, have in addition to their other duties,

charge of signing on and discharging of American seamen, the

settlement of disputes between the masters and members of such

crews regarding wages, advances, fines, and general treatment. Frequent changes of routing, due to war conditions involving the

changing of shipping articles have created a good deal of additional

work. There were 2,638 seamen shipped on American vessels, and

2,549 discharged, as compared with 3,745 shipped and 3,430 discharged the previous year. The decrease is principally due to a change in policy of the United Fruit Co. at Cristobal, which formerly carried considerable numbers of laborers between Cristobal

and their loading ports at Bocas del Toro and Port Limon. As

these men were not passengers, it was necessary to sign them on as members of crews. The Fruit Co. has discontinued this practice and * now obtains its laborers at the ports where cargo is shipped.

Seamen's wages were received for deposit at the port of Balboa

during the year amounting to $5,293.31, of which all but $320.91

was disbursed. At Cristobal $13,300.55 were received and a balance

of $1,009.23 remained on hand June 30.

ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES.

A slight increase occurred this year as compared with last, in

the number of estates referred to this bureau for settlement. There

were 199 estates of deceased and insane employees of The Panama

Canal and Panama Railroad Company administered, and 35 in the

course of settlement, June 30. Of the 199 estates settled, 112

were delivered to the consular or diplomatic representatives in the

Republic of Panama or the United States, of the countries of which

the deceased or insane persons was a citizen or subject; 60 estates

were settled direct with the heirs; 5 settled with administrators or

guardians ; 2 were repaid to persons who had recovered their sanitj^

;

and the net proceeds of 20 estates were used to settle claims against

them. No estates were escheated during the year. The amount involved in the settlement of the 199 estates was $13,562.07, of which

$12,533.16 belonged to the^ estates of deceased employees and $1,-

028.91 to the estates of insane persons.

Licenses and Taxes.

Two thousand eight hundred and seventy-three licenses were issued for motor vehicles and bicycles, as well as permits for hunting

and the keeping and carrying of firearms and the peddling of foodstuffs. Of this number, 1,470 were for motor vehicles, as compared

with 3,323 and 1,862, respectively, for last year. Seven thousand

three hundred and fifty-nine dollars and fifteen cents were collected

for license fees, as compared with $9,480.80 in the previous year.

Police and Fire Division.

Detailed statements of the work of the police and fire organizations and of the penal work of The Panama Canal will be found in

tables Nos. 4 to 7, inclusive.
BEPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 265

POLICE SECTION.

On July 8, 1917, Mr. Guy Johannes was appointed chief, police

and fire division, vice Capt. H. D. Mitchell, United States Army, re- lieved from duty with The Panama Canal. Wilji this exception,

there has been but slight change in the general organization of this

division during the fiscal year. A considerable amount of extra work

has been handled by the police force, incident to the war, and in connection with the protection of The Panama Canal and the general

interests of the United States on the Isthmus.

During the year 52 first-class policemen and IC colored policemen

were appointed, and 51 first-class policemen and 2 colored policemen

left the service.

No new buildings were constructed, and new penitentiary buildings are urgently required to replace the present frame structures.

Arrests numbered 4,426, of which 4,125 were of males and 301 of

females; a decrease of 455 as compared with the previous year.

Three thousand nine hundred twenty-two arrests were made without

warrants and 504 with warrants.

A monthly average of 85.83 prisoners served sentences in the common jails during the year; and all those physically able were employed in the construction and repair of roads, others being employed

on janitor and miscellaneous work at police or fire stations. The

total value of such labor amounted to $14,199.80, figured at 10 cents

an hour during the first three months, 13 cents an hour for the subsequent seven months, and 15 cents an hour for the balance of the

year.

Two homicides and six suicides occurred during the year. Of the

homicides, William St. Clair, brown, native of St. Lucia, died on

the Cristobal-Mount Hope Road as a result of having been struck

by an automobile driven by Harvey Worthington, white, Jamaican,

on December 14, 1917. Worthington was tried on the charge of

manslaughter in district court and dismissed on January 3, 1918.

Luis Filled Cano, white, coal handler, native of Spain, died in Colon

Hospital on December 26, 1917, as a result of having been stabbed

by Pedro Arias, another white Spaniard. Arias was arrested on

the charge of murder, but was declared insane and committed to

Corozal Hospital. Two of the six suicides committed were by white

Americans, two by Jamaicans, one by a Martiniquan, one by a brown,

Peruvian, all males.

Two arrests were made for the offense of transporting or trafficking

in opium within the Canal Zone during the year. One man was

arrested for attempting to smuggle seven bottles of cocaine into the

Canal Zone. He was charged with (1) violation of the opium act;

(2) violation of customs regulations, and was dismissed on the first

charge, found guilty on the second, and fined $100, from which he

appealed to the United States District Court, New Orleans. On December 29, 1917, a Chinaman was arrested for violation of the opium

act, found guilty, and sentenced to pa}^ a fine of $50.

A continuous patrol of the harbors of Balboa and Cristobal was

maintained principally for the enforcement of the navigation laws

and prevention of smuggling and irregular traffic, also to assist in

the enforcement of military regulations. A police launch was main-
266 THE PANAMA CANAL.

tained at Gamboa for patrol of the Chagres River and the canal in

the vicinity of Gamboa. Another launch was maintained at Gatim

for patrol and inspection of Gatun Lake and the 100 foot contour

area. Two new launches, the El Vigia at Gamboa, and the Paja at

Gatun, especially built for lake patrol service by the mechanical

division, were placed in service on November T and December 6, 1917,

respectively. The launch Goodwill was returned to the marine

division on September 11, 1917, and the launch La Zona II was

transferred from Cristobal to Balboa at the same time. The launch

Barhacoas II was transferred from Gatun to Cristobal to replace

La Zona II.

The motorcycle patrol service for the enforcement of automobile

and other vehicular regulations, and for special emergency police

service; also a police guard service, in connection with military

guards at the locks, were maintained. The detail of police at the locks

has been reduced to a minimum, this work having been practically

taken over by the Army.

In connection with regular patrols of the interior sections of the

Canal Zone, 25 arrests were made during the year for trespass on

Zone lands, and 24 convictions were secured. A number of settlers

were found close to the boundary lines in disputed territory, which

cases were referred to the special attorney and some ejectments made

after due notification.

Eighty-four persons were deported from the Canal Zone during

the year. Of these 47 were convicts who had completed terms of imprisonment, and 37 were persons who had been convicted of misdemeanor charges or were deemed undesirable persons to be permitted

to remain on the Canal Zone.

Plain clothes officers made 278 arrests on misdemeanor and felony

charges. Investigations were conducted of 656 cases which did not

require arrest, and many cases in which the defendants could not be

found.

A house-to-house canvas of the population of the Canal Zone was

taken by the police force between June 20 and 30, 1918. This enumeration consisted of an accurate count of the entire civilian pojiulation

for the information of local officials, giving number of males, females,

and children, and whether employees of The Panama Canal or

Panama Eailroad; but no detail data, which would have required

too much extra work for the police. A copy of this repoit appears

as table No. 4.

Seventy-two convicts were received at the penitentiary during the

year. Their aggregate sentences amounted to 48 3-12 years. Fiftytwo convicts completed imprisonment and were discharged, as compared with 54 discharged the previous year. The convicts discharged

this year had earned two years, four months and 28^ days "good

time." Discharged convicts were deported in all cases permissible

by law. At the close of the year 54 convicts remained in custody, ."cS compared with 35 at the close of the previous year.

Most of the convicts were employed on construction of tlie new

Paraiso-Gamboa Eoad; a few on a small farm adjacent to the penitentiary, and for the maintenance of the buildings and ii:rounda,

manufacture and repair of prison clothing and other maintenance

labor. The total value of labor thus performed during the year at

standard rates of pay amounted to $11,652.34, of which $10,248.28
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 267

represents work on the roads, $1,086.42 work on the farm, and $317.64

work inside the prison. The cost of subsisting and guard! i.g the convicts was $20,113.77, of which $4,900.35 was expended for subsistence

of convicts, $1,319.32 for subsistence of guards, $8,902.38 for salaries

of officers and guards at the penitentiary, and $4,991.72 for salaries

of officers and guards employed to guard convicts on road work.

Four convicts were pardoned, and parts of sentences were I'cmilted

in seven cases by the Governor. Two convicts escaped from the penitentiary on June 23, 1918. One was recaptured on date of escape,

and one was at large at the close of the vear, but was recaptured on

July 4.

Investigations were made by the coroner in 52 cases of death. Of

these, 20 were due to accidental drowning and 21 to accidental traumatism.

FIRE SECTION.

The organization of the fire force remained without change. On

July 1, 1917, and in accordance with Governor's Circular No. 669-7,

increases in pay were granted members of the fire force, as follows:

Captains, from $145 to $164 ; lieutenants, from $125 to $144 ; firemen,

from $100 on appointment and $112.50 after one year's service, to $110

on appointment and $130 after one year's service. The pay of the

motor-car inspector and the first inspector was also increased from

$152,50 to $175, and from $225 to $250, respectively. Seventeen members of the fire force were appointed and 21 separated from the service during the year.

A new motor combination pumping engine and hose wagon was

installed at Balboa fire station on January 30. 1918. This has a pumping capacity of 750 gallons per minute at 120 pounds pressure,

taking suction at 16-foot lift capacity for carrying 1,200 feet of fire

hose, and is furnished with all necessary auxiliary equipment. This,

with a converted hose car installed at Gatun fire station during the

year, completes the substitution of horse-drawn apparatus in the department, the horses having been transferred to the quartermaster's

department.

A 40-gallon hand chemical cart was built by members of the fire

force from old material on hand, and was installed at the supply

department chicken farm. Summit, Canal Zone, where the water

pressure is low. Periodical inspections of Government buildings,

docks, storehouses, yards, etc, and inspection of, and necessary additions and changes made to, extinguishers, hose, and minor apparatus

were maintained through the year.

Sixty-nine fires and five false alarms were reported during the

year. Of these, 39 fires occurred in property of The Panama Canal,

11 in Panama Eailroad property, 3 in United States Army property,

6 in private property, and 10 were fires in dry grass, rubbish, etc.

Total fire losses amounted to $259,351.60, of which $230,000 represents

loss due to a fire in the Panama Railroad steamship Panama. The

fire in this vessel started at sea, probably from spontaneous combustion, and was extinguished by the fire department after her arrival

at Cristobal.

Table No. 7 accompanying this report details the work performed

by this department for the fiscal year.
268 the panama canal.

Division of Schools.

The opening of the school year was delayed somewhat by the late

arrival of furniture for the equipment of the new buildings at Ancon,

Balboa, Pedro Miguel, Gatun, and Cristobal. Regular session^v were

begun October 8. The schools at other than these places opened

October 1, with the exception of the La Boca school, where an epidemic of measles and whooping cough prevented regular sessions

until October 8. The time lost for the week at the various schools

was later made up on Saturdays. The average daily attendance for

the school year was 1,963.2; 1,322.9 in the white schools, and 640.3

in the colored schools; compared with 1,709.2; 1,212.6 and 495.6, re- spectively, for the previous year.

The total number of white teachers emploj^ed was 65, an increase

of 13 over last year. The services of 10 teachers were terminated

during the year, and on June 30, 62 teachers were employed. Thirteen additional teachers resigned on June 30. Fifteen colored

teachers were employed, one more than during the preceding year.

The following new positions were authorized for the school year:

Supervisor of upper grades, $2,400 a year (recreated) ; instructor

of apprentices, $2,100 a year; teacher of science and mathematics, 2

at $159.50 a month; teacher of Spanish and French, $104.50 a month;

director of music, $175 a month ; manual training teacher, $159.50 a month; teacher, high school, $132 a month effective October 22, 1917;

teacher, grade, $104.50 per month (7; 1 abolished and 1 high scliool

position at $132 created October 22, 1917)

.

The entrance salary for grade teachers was increased from $95 to

$104.50 a month, effective at the opening of the school year; highschool teachers from $120 to $132; and science and mathematic

teachers from $145 to $159.50. The eleventh and twelfth gi-ades were

added to the Cristobal high school, and the eighth grade to the Pedro

Miguel white school.

Results of physical examinations of the pupils in the white schools

are shown in table No. 8 appended. Colored pupils were also ex- amined and the necessary treatment recommended.

With the new concrete buildings in service, the old buildings have

been disposed of for different purposes. Seventeen buildings were

used for school purposes during the year, 11 for white schools, including concrete house No. 759-B, at Balboa, for household arts work,

3 rooms in the old Washington House at Colon Beach, and an Army

building at Empire, and 6 for colored schools, including an Army

building at Empire. A 1-room addition to the Paraiso colored school

was constructed during the summer vacation. The Paraiso white

school was closed on January 21, and the pupils transferred to the

Pedro Miguel white school.

Manual training and household arts classes were maintained at

Cristobal, for both Cristobal and Gatun pupils; rnd at Balboa for

Balboa, Ancon, and Pedro Miguel pupils. The manual arts department was operated during the year with one female and two male

instructors. Mechanical and architectural drawing instruction was

instituted at the Cristobal high school, and an increase in the time

of attendance of the Balboa high school woodworking boys from

three to five times a week was permitted. Previously it has been the

custom to offer industrial instruction after the regular school hours.
REPORT OP EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 269

This lias proved generally unsatisfactory; and at the beginning of

the school year this custom was changed at Balboa to permit the

students attending the industrial classes during the morning ses- sion. The results of this change have been sufficiently satisfactory

to warrant the same change being made at Cristobal. Much of the

work of both the industrial training and household arts classes has

been contributed to the junior Red Cross movement. With the addition of other instructors and much needed apparatus contemplated

for the next year, it is thought that the work of both the manual

training and household arts classes will be greatly improved both in

the number of pupils in attendance and the quality and quantity of

work accomplished.

It is noteworthy that while the apprentice department has been

subjected to three changes of instructors during the year, its efficiency

has been promoted rather than impaired, largely due to the fact that

it has been possible to secure the full time of an instructor for it. An excellent course of instruction is being developed and is serving

40 ambitious and appreciative boys. Two centers are in operation,

one in the office building of the shops at Balboa, the other in a warehouse near the Cristobal shops. Each boy receives instruction for

a period of four hours once each week.

Teachers in the colored schools have manifested a gratifying interest in both the manual training and industrial arts classes. It is

hoped that it will be possible to assist the colored pupils in both

branches by supplying the schools with the necessary apparatus and

instruction; for perhaps in no better way could they be aided in

peparation for their life work.

Physical training and athletics were continued in the white schools

under the direction of a physical instructor. Arrangements were

also made, in connection with the fire department, for the holding of

fire drills in the schools. These drills have been a decided success. Night schools at the Balboa high school were started on February

19, the following subjects being taught: Shorthand, typewriting,

bookkeeping, algebra, geometry, English and Spanish. Tuition was

$4 a month for each pupil, and salaries of teachers $4 a night.

Junior Red Cross work was carried on extensively in the white

schools, an auxiliary being organized in each school, and did excellent work, raising $640 to be used for materials. Lessons in community^ and national life (prepared by the United States Bureau of

Education and used in all grades above the third, including the

high school), and thrift and war savings problems were incorporated

in the work of the schools in such subjects as arithmetic, reading,

history, English, geography, and current events. It was the aim

to correlate these problems with the different subjects in the schools,

the nature of which has inspired the pupils to better results.

At the eighth annual commencement exercises held June 21 there

were 28 graduates. Up to the present time 89 pupils have been

graduated from the high school.

The Courts.

In the district courts 194 cases were pending at the beginning of

the year; 930 cases were filed, 900 cases were settled, and 224 cases pending at the close of the fiscal year. Seventy-four of the 194 cases
270 THE PANAMA CANAL.

pending at the beginning of the 3'ear were civil causes. 94 probate,

and 26 criminal. Of those settled, 116 were civil, 333 probate, and

481 criminal. There were 139 sessions of conrt. Marriage licenses

issued totaled 790, and 17 deeds were recorded. Collections totaled

$6,248.20, consisting of civil costs, fines, forfeitures, and various fees.

The Balboa magistrate's court had seven cases pending at the

beginning of the fiscal year, and the same number at the close of

the year. A total of 1,863 cases were filed: 1,793 criminal and 70

civil. Of the criminal cases, 1,330 convictions were secured, 126

were acquitted, 314 committed to the district court, and 23 were dismissed. Total collections of fines, fees, and costs amounted to

$8,086.15.

The magistrate's court at Cristobal had two cases pending from

last year, with three at the close of the year. There were 1,938 cases

filed"; 1,913 criminal and 25 civil. Of the criminal cases, 1,374 convictions were secured, 263 acquitted, 26 suspended, 39 dismissed, and

209 committed to the district court. All civil cases before the court

were settled. Total collections of fines, fees, and costs amounted to

$5,667.03.

- SPECIAL ATTORNEY AND DISTRICT ATTORNEY.

The reports of the special attorney and the district attorney are printed as appendices of the Governor's report.

UNITED STATES MARSHAL FOR THE CANAL ZONE

The office of the United States marshal for the Canal Zone re- ceived 659 writs of process in civil cases, 602 of which were served,

57 were not served, as the persons concerned could not be found. The

marshal or his deputy attended 139 sessions of the district courts at

Balboa and Cristobal. Witnesses attending court were paid $65.10

during the 3'ear. Collections of revenues from the service of court

papers in civil cases amounted to $402.40, which were deposited with

the collector. Trust funds to the amount of $7,740.69 were handled

by the marshal or his deputy.

Relations with Panama.

Negotiations by correspondence or personal conference between

the executive secretary of The Panama Canal and the secretary of

foreign relations of the Republic of Panama included the following

subjects in addition to routine matters:

Installation of buoys to mark the restricted area in the Bay of

Panama for the guidance of navigators, etc.

Purchases at Canal Zone commissaries by unauthorized persons.

Exportation of coin and bar silver of the Republic of Panama.

New schedule of coach and automobile tariff in the districts of

Panama and Colon and the Canal Zone.

Desirability of not advertising departure of vessels in newspapers

in connection with the closing of mails.

Discontinuance of discharge of cargo at Balboa consigned to

Panama by the South American Steamship Co.

Preservation of neutrality of the Canal Zone and the Republic of

Panama and treatment of vessels in the service of the Entente powers
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 271

arriving and departing from Canal Zone ports and passing through

the canal.

Extradition from the Republic of Panama to the Canal Zone of the

former vice president of the Continental Banldng & Tiiist Co.

Collection of customs duty on dutiable merchandise arriving at

Canal Zone post offices.

Police protection at Colon Beach.

Delay in receiving money to the credit of a deceased employee in

a bank in the city of Panama by the Administrator of Estates.

Permits for the construction of wooden houses on Colon Beach for

the United Fruit Co.

Permission granted to Arraijan farmers to cross canal at Balboa

without restriction as to time.

Laying of underground cable from the Canal Zone to Santo Tomas

Hospital, the American consulate, and the American legation in

the city of Panama for the purpose of furnishing them with electric

current.

Preliminary survey for the extension of the Chiriqui Railroad in

the Province of Chiriqui.

Handling of transit cargo at Cristobal without filing of bond to

cover customs duty with the Panaman Government.

Construction of sanitariums for tuberculosis patients in the Republic of Panama.

Construction of a slaughterhouse at Colon.

Exemption of payment of taxes for Panama Railroad Company

stables in cities of Panama and Colon.

The newly reclaimed area of land belonging to the Panama Railroad Company on the shore of Panama Bay adjoining the old American pier.

Furnishing of free medicine by the Santo Tomas Hospital to outpatients prescribed for by the Red Cross clinics.

Refund of fine imposed on chauffeur of the mail car of the Ancon

post office for a collision for which he was not responsible by the

police in the city of. Panama.

Release of parcels post packages addressed to an interned alien

without payment of customs duties.

Regulations to prevent the introduction of tuberculosis among

domestic animals in the Canal Zone.

Indebtedness o^ the Republic of Panam to The Panama Canal.

Escape of prohibited aliens in transit through the Canal Zone.

Violations of the defensive area act by Panamans in entering the

restricted areas at the entrances of the canal.

Alleged sales of second-hand furniture by employees and officials

of The Panama Canal and members of the military forces on the

Isthmus to residents of the Republic of Panama on which no cus- toms duty was collected at the time of importation.

Conservation of products native to Panama.

Refusal to allow settlement and cultivation of strip of land between the water lever of Gatun Lake and the 100-foot contour line.

Construction of a telegraph line by the Republic of Panama between Colon and Porto Bello, which is to pass through the Canal

Zone.

Anchorage of dynamite lighter in Panama Bay, and proposed construction of an explosive magazine for the Republic of Panama.
272 THE PANAMA CANAL,

Advisability of perinittino- removal of sand from the beach between Pimta Paitilla and the sea wall in the city of Panama.

Receiving and- filing bills of health from the incoming vessels at

the port of Bocas del Toro.

Outbreak of smallpox at Bocas del Toro and failure of Republic

of Panama to provide necessary funds, etc., for subsisting and car- ing for quarantined persons.

Installation of a fire alarm system in the city of Colon.

Release and failure of Republic of Panama to prosecute certain

persons arrested for gambling, and control of the gambling situation in the city of Colon.

Proposed sanitary improvements in Las Sabanas and Pueblo

Nuevo districts.

Importation of fuel oil into the Canal Zone to be sold to sea- going vessels without the payment of consular fees to the Republic

of Panama.

Clandestine landing of passengers from small vessels arriving at

Panama from Colombia and Ecuador before reporting to the quarantine authorities for inspection and entry.

Censorship of mail.

Construction of highways in the Republic of Panama.

Counterfeiting in the city of Panama.

Legislation.

The various acts of Congress and Executive orders affecting The

Panama Canal and the Canal Zone appears as an appendix to the

Governor's report.

Respectfully submitted.

C. A. McIlvaine,

Executive Secretary.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Governor^ The Panama Canal, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone.

Table No. 1.

Postal service.

RECEIPTS.
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 273

Table No. 1.

Postal service—Continued.

DISBURSEMENTS.

1917 1918

Salaries Transportation of mails

Purchase of stamps

Interest on paid deposit money orders

Corral service Telephone service . Stationery , printing, etc Repairs to buildings

Motor and other vehicle supplies

Equipment:

Furniture and fixtures Lock boxes (including building di^^sion charge for setting up).

Automobile delivery truck

Electric light and electrical repairs

Miscellaneous

Total.

$83,121.23

25, 606. 49

30, 796. 91 1,813.93

1,157.33

2,842.83

240. 38

317. 75 6,485.77

3, 906. 42

705. 07 3,402.32

S84, 572. 15

27, 636. 68

34, 007. 76 8,440.71

478. 34

789. 78 3,598.86

2,685.02

776. 91

79.73

1,093.67

752. 05 2,448.51

160,396.43 167,360.17

Excess of disbursements over receipts, 1917. Excess of disbursements over receipts, 1918.

$46, 753. 02

22, 128. 36

TOTAL CASH TRANSACTIONS OF CANAL ZONE POSTAL SYSTEM FOR FISCAL YEAR

ENDED JUNE 30, 1918.

Total amount of money orders issued $3, 372, 973. 55 Total fees on money orders issued 11, 918. 35 Total amount of money orders paid and repaid 1, 909, 128. 31 Interest received on deposit money-order funds 32, 940. 22 Interest paid on deposit money orders 8, 440. 71 Total amoimt of postal receipts 145, 231. 81 Total amount of postal savings certificates and deposit money orders paid 1, 442, 485. 00

Grand total cash transactions 6, 923, 117. 95

LETTERS AND PARCELS REGISTERED, AND PARCELS INSURED, BY OFFICES, DURING

THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918.

Name of jKet office.

Domestic letters

regis- tered

Domestic parcels

regis- tered.

Domes

tic parcels

insured

Foreign

letters

regis- tered.

Foreign

parcels

regis- tered.

Official

regis- tered

free.

Distri- bution

regis- tered free,

T&tal.

Ancon

Balboa

Balboa Heights

Corozal

Cristobal CuJebra

Empire

Fort Amador...

Fort Randolph.

Fort Sherman..

Gamboa

Gatun

Las Cascadas... Monte Lirio Paraiso

Pedro Miguel. .

.

Total

6,687

2,233

1,174 776 8,498

942

551

719

83 488

1,875

1,002

2,539

82

247 581

28,477

662

423

12185

784

93 306

247

14 15820

185 646

537

87

371 220

10089

479

8790

11749

1344

107 362

15

71

6,487

1,141

171 129 9,786

121 244

52

19 110

209

18737

271 266

1,222

105

18

7 589

336

1

12255

1 39

14

3,858

3,290

40,999

983

11,860

505 562

31358

222

3,595

777

55 2,543

2,351

3.873 2,295 19,185 2,068 71,971

663

1,43768

154

46

198

203

109 147

3,025

19,950

8,849

42,651

2,069

31,996

1,751

1,943

1,402 252

1,220

2,011

5,123

4,719

180 3,261

3,517

130,894
274 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 1.Postal service—Continuecl.

NUMBER OF INSURED AND C. O. D. PARCEL-POST PARCELS AND REGISTERED ARTICLES DELIVERED, BY OFFICES, DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918.

Name of post oflBce.
REPORT OF EXECUrrVE SECRETARY. 275

Table No. 3.

Statement showing numier of estates received and settled, and

amount of funds handled, during fiscal year ended June 30, 1918.

Number
276 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 4.

Police seciio/i—Continued.

Number of separations of white American officers during year 51 Number of separations of colored officers during the year 2

Total 53

Eight white officers were fined during the year $105. 00 One colored officer was fined during the year $3. 00

Total $108.00

NUMBER OF ARRESTS, BY FISCAL YEARS, MADE ON CANAL ZONE SINCE ORGANIZATION.

Period.
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 277

Table No. 4.

Police section—Continued.

STATEMENT OF DISPOSITIONS OF PERSONS ARRESTED FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE

30, 1918.

Dispositions.

Tried in courts: Convicted

Dismissed

Continued on June 30, 1918

Otherwise disposed of on proper authority

Total persons arrested

Number.

3,005

55740

3,602

824

4,426

Percent.

83.42

15.46 1.12

100.00

CHARGES AGAINST PERSONS ARRESTED DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918.

Offenses. Male. Female. Total.

Alien enemies held pending internment

Alien enemies held for investigation

Alien enemies held for deportation

Alien enemies held for military authorities Alien enemies interned, on parole

AUen enemy suspects held while in transit across the Canal Zone

.

Alien enemies held while in transit across the Canal Zone

Aiding the commission of a felony

Aidinsr and abetting a misdemeanor

Abduction

Adultery '. Alighting from moving train Assault Assault and battery

Assault with deadly weapon

Attempted assault with deadly weapon

Attempt to commit larceny

Attempt to defraud

Battery

Boarding moving train Bringing liquor into Canal Zone

Bringing stolen property into Canal Zone

Burglary

Carrying concealed weapons

Carrying firearms without a permit

Civil order of arrest Conspiracy

Contempt of court Crime against nature

Cruelty to animals

Deportation

Desertion from U. S. Army

Desertion from British Army

Desertion from merchant vessel Disorderly conduct

Disturbing the peace Embezzlement

Escaping from custody

ExhiDiting obscene pictures and Uterature

False representation False personation

Fighting

Forgery

Fraud

Fugitive from justice

Gambling

Grand larceny

Held for investigation

Held for immigration authorities Held for Panama authorities Held for Italian consul Held for British consul Held for Peruvian consul Held on order from military authorities Held for deportation

Indecent e.xposure

Interfering with an officer Intoxication Intoxication and disorderly

Insanity .".

36

5

4

123

14632

1

111

.58 11 15020

19

117026

18

1118

155

1335

1 27

34

2

8 66121

152

1

13

11118

1112

44

76

1438

9

15

1

1112

117

77

19

120

11

17

37

5

4123

14634

11

11 58

16

16720

19

1287

26

18

1418165

13

44

1 273

4

2

8

78132

15

22

13 128

18

1112

4478

1438

10

15

1

1122

1 11780

20
278 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 4.

Police section—Continued.

CHARGES AGAINST PERSONS ARRESTED DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918—Continued.

Oflenses. Male. Female. Total.

Lewd and lascivious cohabitation

Loitering

Malicious mischief

Manslaughter

Material witness

Murder

Mutiny

Nonsupport

Obscene and indecent language

Obtaining money under false pretenses

Perj ury

Petit larceny

Prohibited aliens in transit Rape

Receiving stolen property

Repatriation cases Returning to Canal Zone after deportation.

Riding on platform of train Robbery

Seduction

Straggler from United States Army

Straggler from British Army

Threat

Trespass

Trespass on train Unauthorized riding on labor train Unlawful entry into Canal Zone

Vagrancy

Violation of: Bicycle regulations

Building regulations Chauffeurs' regulations

Customs regulations

Defensive sea area act Dog regulations

Immgration regulations

Impounding regulations

Espionage act License regulations

Liquor regulations

Motor-vehicle regulations •. Navigation regulations

National-defense act (sec. 125) Hunting regulations , Opium act , Postal regulations

Quarantine regulations

Sanitary regulations

Trading with enemy act , Traffic regulations '. Vehicle tariff regulations

White-slave aet

8 372

84

13

1 2113

22

1 387

125

11

17

1

3

3

13

1 68

14

72

Total.

72

122

721

1 227

2

6

18

26 281 136

23

32

13

8

91

149

64

1

4,272

8

29

2

2

19

307

16 40186

13

121

132

2

1 389

144

1

1

17

13

3

13

1 68

1472

3

77

8

123

721

1 227

36

2329

285 136

23

32

138

91

219

68

1

4,579

NATIONALITY OF PERSONS ARRESTED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918.

Nationality.
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 279

Table No. 4.

Police section—Continued.

NATIONALITY OF PERSONS ARRESTED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE

30, 1918—Continued.

Nationality.

Great Britain and possessions—Contd.

Britisli West Indies

Antigua

Bahamas

Barbados

Bermuda

Cayman

Dominica

Fortime Island Grenada

Inagua

Jamaica

Montserrat Nassau

Tortola Island Nevis Island St.Kitts

St. Lucia

St. Martin

St. Vincent

Trinidad

Turks Island Greece Guatemala

Haiti

Holland

Curacao

Number.

43

3 733

12

42049

2

85121

16

15

868

1 30

644

255

12

256

Nationality.

Honduras , Italy

Japan

Mexico

Nicaragua

Norway

Panama

Peru

Portugal

Russia

Finland

Poland

Santo Domingo

San Salvador

Serbia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey , United States , Porto Rico

Philippines , Virgin Islands Uruguay

Venezuela

Total (4,125 males, 301 females)

Number.

4

146

32

12

28

526

1294356

1

16

1 10932

12

9

446

2356

18

4,426

OCCUPATION OF PERSONS ARRESTED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30

1918. '

Occupation.

Agents

Army officers . .

.

Artists Attendants

Bakers

Barbers

Bartenders

Blacksmiths

Boatmen

Boiler makers...

Bootblacks

Brakemen

Bricklayers

Butchers

Capitalists

Carpenters

Cartmen

Charcoal burners

Chaufleurs

Checkers

Chemists

Clerks Coachmen

Collectors Conductors

Consuls

Contractors Cooks

Coppersmiths...

Cranemen

Domestics

Dishwashers

Dentists

Draftsmen

Distillers Dredgemen

Dressmakers

Drill men

Electricians Engineers Farmers Firemen

Fishermen

Flagmen

Foremen

Number.

4

1

14

147

6

6

118

5

4

17

1 70

134

342

10269

61

13

15402

2 238

3

5

3

12

4

1 2030

101

17942

335

Occupation.

Hatters

Hostlers

Interpreters

Inspectors

Ironworkers

Janitors Jewelers

Journalists Laborers

Laundresses

Laundrymen.

Lawyers

Magicians

Machinists

Managers

Merchants

Messengers

Miners

Ministers Molders

Musicians

Newsboys

No occupation Nurses

Oilers Opticians

Operators

Painters ^ Peddlers

Physical directors. Physicians

.Pilots Pipefitters

Plasterers Policemen

Postmasters

Prisoners

Prostitutes Quartermasters

Riggers

Riveters

Sailmakers

Sailors and seamen

SalesmeiL

Saddlers ,

Number.

2

1

152

13

12

1,480

4

32

1 414

11123

3

2

13

24 3512

512

32

24

40

14

16

3

8

13

1818

5

1

1 376

29

1
280 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 4.

Police section—Continued.

OCCUPATION OF PERSONS ARRESTED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE

30, 1918—Continued.

Occupation.
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 281

Table No. 4.

Police section—Continued.

HOUSE-TO-HOUSE CANVASS OF THE CIVIL POPULATION OF THE CANAL ZONE, TAKEN

BETWEEN JUNE 20 AND 30, 1918, BY THE POLICE AND FIRE DIVISION.

BALBOA DISTRICT.
282 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 4.

Police section—Continued.

cui.sTOBAL DISTRICT—Continued.

HOUSE-TO-HOUSE CANVASS OF THE CIVIL POPULATION OF THE CANAL ZONE—Contd.
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 283

Table No. 5.z-Warden section—Continued.

CONVICTS DISCHARGED FROM PENITENTIARY DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE

30, 1918.

Month.
284 T:t|E PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 5.

Warden section—Continued.

NATIONALITY OF THE CONVICTS CONFINED IN THE PENITENTIARY ON JUNE 30, 1918.

Native of—
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 285

Table No. 5.Warden section—Coutiuued.

COST OF SUBSISTENCE, GUARDING. AND CLOTHING CONVICTS CONFINED IN THE

PENITENTIARY DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918.

Month.

1917 July

August

September

October

November

December

1918 January

February

March

April

May

June

Total

Subsistence.

Convicts.

S351. 42

352. 98

422. 67

410. 38

415.38

495. 39

434. 72

352. 73

460. 88

410.11

408. 56

385. 13

4, 900. 35

Guards.

$92. 77 90.75

108. 60 111.60 108.00

111.60

112. 80

109.20

123.00

117. 30

119. 70 114.00

Salaries of officers and guards.

Penitentiary.

$737. 00

746. 00

662. 19 734.00

723.76

634. 08

636.00

660. 88

997. 50 733.97

891. 50

745. 50

Road

work.

.$382. 50

388. 03 404.25

433. 50

433. 50

432. 08

441.16

477. 58

438. 58

440. 50 366.67

353. 37

1,319.32 8,902.38 4,991.72

Total.

$1,563.69

1,577.76

1,597.71

1,689.48

1,680.64

1,673.15

1,624.68

1,600.39

2,019.96

1, 701. 88

1,786.43

1,598.00

20, 113. 77

CONVICTS AND COMMON JAIL PRISONERS DEPORTED DURING FISCAL YEAR ENDED

JUNE 30, 1918.

Deported to
286 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 7.

Fire section.

FIRE PERSONNEL AS ON JUNE 30, 191S.

Designation.

Fire inspector...

Captains

Lieutenants

Motorinspector.

June 30, 1918.
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE SECRETARY. 287

Table No. 8.

School section.

MONTHLY ENROLLMENT AND AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE.

1917. October

November

December

1918. January

February

March

April

May

June

White schools.

Monthly enrollment.

Gross.

1,557

1,715

1,794

1,943

2,026

2,077

2,122

2, 168 2,193

Net.

1,527

1,575

1,609

1,688

1,696

1,719

1,734

1,756

1,764

Average

daily attendance.

1, 452.

6

1, 422.

1

1,437.1

1,396.1

1,399.0

1,433.0

1,436.7

1,373.3

1,351.5

Colored schools.

Monthly enrollment.

Gross

801 845

876

941 983

993

1,023

1,037

1,040

Net.

798

837 862

923

959 968

995

1,007

1,010

Average

daily attendance.

671.5 623.8 63L0

659.1 682.0

663.3

637.3 610.2

636.3

ENROLLMENT BY THE YEAR—BY SCHOOLS.
288 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 8.School section—Continued.

NUMBER OF TEACHERS EMPLOYED IN SCHOOLS.

1917. October

November

December . . .•

1918. January

February

March

April

May

Jime

White
liJ <
< OOIo

_i<O

I-co

a:o
APPENDIX I.

REPORT OF THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY FOR THE CANAL ZONE.

Ancon, Canal Zone, July i, 1918.

Sir : There is attached herewith a tabulated statement of all criminal prosecutions in the district court of the Canal Zone for the fiscal

year ended June 30, 1918.

There was a total of 592 cases disposed of in the district court, 131

of which were appealed from the magistrates' courts. Of the entire

number disposed of 409 resulted in convictions.

Six defendants requested trial by jury, and of these two were convicted and four were acquitted.

There have been no appeals in criminal cases to the Circuit Court

of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in New Orleans.

At the end of the fiscal year no criminal cases were pending in the

district court for the division of Cristobal. In the division of Balboa

four cases of minor importance were pending at the end of the fiscal

year. In addition to these, there was still pending in the division

of Balboa the case of the Canal Zone v. E. F. Bataille, arising out

of the failure of the Continental Banking & Trust Co., which was

referred to at length in my last annual report.

The Governor of New Jersey refused to honor the first requisition,

but subsequently, having been authorized b}' you, I went to the

United States and in person presented a second request. Warrants

of extradition were granted by the Governors of New Jersey and of

New York, but Bataille fled from his home and it was impossible to

effect his arrest at that time. These warrants of arrest have been

lodged with the Department of Justice at Washington, and request

made that Bataille be apprehended. On account of the death of

the Government's main witness, it is doubtful if a conviction could

now be obtained in case Bataille should be apprehended and brought

back here for trial.

It will be noted that during this fiscal year there was a considerable

increase in the number of cases disposed of and a very large increase

in the number of appeals from the magistrates' courts.

There have been no suits against the Governor of The Panama

Canal for injuries to vessels wdiile passing through the locks, as provided for under the Panama Canal act.

An important civil case referred to in my last annual report, that

of Judge William H. Jackson, of the district court of the Canal

Zone, against the auditor of The Panama Canal, has been disposed

of by the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States. In

this case the mandamus was upheld and it was decided that the

auditor of The Panama Canal had no power to withhold any part of

the salary of the district judge.

289
290 THE PANAMA CANAL.

While several important issues were raised in the case, these were

not passed upon by the Supreme Court, that court having limited

itself to the decision of the point above stated.

In the case of The Panama Canal v. the Schooner Blanche Pendleton, Libel in Admiralty, for the sum of $1,413, an order of sale was

obtained and the wreck of the schooner was sold for enough to cover

the amount of the libel. However, shortly afterwards and before a confirmation of the sale could be obtained, all that remained of the

schooner was completely wrecked and destroyed by a storm.

The judge of the district court held that under these circumstances

the purchaser could not be required to carry out his purchase nor to

pay the money into court.

The libelee had filed a counterclaim for large damages, but The

Panama Canal has been allowed to withdraw its libel without prejudice, and the counter claim has been dismissed, so that this case is in

the condition as if no libel had ever been filed.

The claim of The Panama Canal in this libel was largely for ser- vices rendered by tugs which were then in the service of The Panama

Canal, which attempted to pull the vessel from the beach where she

was stranded. The loss to the owners, Pendleton Bros., of New

York, on account of the storm and stranding of the schooner was a

very great one. Although they filed in this case a counterclaim for large damages,

the counterclaim has no merit, legal or otherwise; but on account of

this exceedingly heavy loss and because of the fact that a very large

part of the claim of The Panama Canal is for service of tugs of The

Panama Canal, I recommend that no further steps be taken to re- cover the $1,413 from Pendleton Bros.

There is still pending the case of Humber, administrator of McGregor, deceased, v. H. A. A. Smith, auditor, etal., for mandamus

to compel the payment of an award by the Joint Land Commission.

The special attorney of The Panama Canal, who represents the Government before the Joint Land Commission, has protested against

the payment of this award to the Secretary of State of the United

States on the ground that the Joint Land Commission exceeded its

jurisdiction with regard to this award. On account of this protest

the judge of the district court of the Canal Zone has ruled that no

further steps can be taken in the case in the district court until this

protest has finally been resolved by the Secretary of State.

There was also still pending the mandamus case of R. P. Dixon,

guardian of Francisco Ayala, an insane person, v. H. A. A. Smith,

auditor of The Panama Canal, et al. In this case the court dismissed the mandamus as to the defendants, Frank Feuille, Acting

Governor of The Panama Canal, and John H. McLean, paymaster

of The Panama Canal, but retained the same as to the auditor.

In this case different guardians had been appointed by the district court of the Canal Zone and by the circuit court of Panama

where the insane person resided. But in this case steps have been

taken looking to an amicable adjustment of the controversy, to be

affected by both guardians giving to the auditor of The Panama

Canal their receipt for the amount of the award. It is believed that

settlement in this manner will be effected and the interests of The

Panama Canal protected.
REPORT OF DISTRICT ATTORNEY. 291

A considerable part of the increase in the number of prosecutions

for this fiscal year has been due to violations of the defensive sea areas established around the terminal ports of the Canal Zone. Almost without exception these offenses were unintentional, and for

the most part committed by ignorant fishermen.

There have been a few prosecutions under the espionage act, so

called. These prosecutions have all resulted in convictions, with one

exception. The exception referred to was a prosecution against two

defendants for failure to declare and obtain a license for the exportation of certain gold coin from the Canal Zone. The district court

held that inasmuch as the coin in question had not formed a part

of any gold upon the Canal Zone, but Avas simply gold in the possession of the defendants who were in transit from Ecuador to Colombia, that there had been no violation of the law.

This ruling of the district judge was referred by the Governor of

The Panama Canal to the Secretary of Treasury, and by the district

attorney of the Canal Zone to the Department of Justice at Washington; and both of these authorities were of the opinion that the

district judge was in error. In a subsequent prosecution in a case somewhat similar the district judge has announced that the court

hereafter would be guided by the opinion of the Secretary of Treasury and of the Department of Justice.

Eespectfully,

Charles R. Williams,

District Attorney.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Governor., The Panama Canal., Balboa Heights^ Canal Zone.

Table No. 1.Criminal proseciitions. IDIJ-IOIS.
292 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table No. 1.

Criminal prosecuUoyis, 1917-1918—Continued.

o

Disposed of otherwise.

I Drunk and disorderly

Embezzlement

Espionage act, violation of False personation

Fightmg

Forgery

Fraud

Grand larceny

Infamous crime against nature

Injuring a public jail _. . .

.

Lewd and lascivious cohabitation. Liquor regulations, violation of

Loitering

Malicious mischief to railroad Manslaughter

Murder

Mutiny

National defense act, violation of.

.

Navigation rules, violation of Nonsupport

Obtaining money or property by

false pretenses, etc. Opium act, violation of Perjury

Petit larceny

Postal laws, violation of Quarantine regulations, violation

of. Rape

Receiving stolen property

Robbery

Seduction

Street car regulations, violation of Tradlng-with-the-enemy act, vio- tion of. Trespass.

Unauthorized riding on train Unlawfully entering Canal Zone. Vagrancy

White slave act, violation of

Total

1 146

7

2

21

2

81

i'

1

1 22

132

1

14

2118

2

2

2

117

154

1

12

1

1 19

3

2

22

1

692 409 26 115

1 withdrawn.

3 nol-pros

1 dismissed... 3 nol-pros

5 nol-pros

2 dismissed.

3 nol-pros... 3 dismissed

,

1 dismissed.

15 petit larceny.

1 guilty attempt.

1 asylum insane.

1 dismissed.

2 dismissed.

1 dismissed;

1 dismissed;

1 nol-pros.

1 nol-pros.

1 grand larceny.

41. 1 to asylum.

One application for writ of Iiabeas corpus denied.
APPENDIX J.

HEPOET OF SPECIAL ATTORNEY.

Ancon, Canal, Zone, August 1, 1918.

Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my annual report as

special attorney for The Panama Canal for the fiscal year ended

June 30, 1918, and I am including in this report the affairs of the

counsel for the Panama Railroad Company on the Isthmus for the

fiscal year. The report also includes a statement of the business

transacted by the land office of The Panama Canal, and the realestate transactions of the Panama Railroad Company.

The organization of this office for the fiscal year just ended consisted of the special attorney, who is also the counsel on the Isthmus

for the Panama Railroad Company, the assistant to the special attorney and counsel, whose salary is paid from Panama Railroad

funds, and who also is the land agent of The Panama Canal, and

as such has charge of the land matters of the canal and the Panama

Railroad, two land inspectors, two clerks on the gold roll, one

clerk and a messenger on the silver roll.

LAND CLAIMS.

There were 37 claims settled by the land office during the fiscal

year 1917-18, some of which were for improvements only. They

aggregated the sum of $80,113.90.

This makes a total of 4,418 claims settled and paid by the land

office since the work of clearing the Canal Zone commenced under

the President's depopulation order of December 5, 1912, aggregating

the sum of $1,072,137.20. These settlements were made direct with

the claimants, and no awards made by the Joint Commission or the

umpire are included in the foregoing statement.

The law department was authorized to adjust and settle claims

under the Executive order of August 6, 1908. Since that date the

law department, and afterwards the office of the special attorney,

have settled directly with the claimants and paid 5,480 claims for

damages for land and improvements claimed by private parties and

taken over by the Government for canal and railroad purposes,

aggregating the sum of $1,321,040.50.

The Joint Commission disposed of 10 claims in 8 awards during

the past fiscal year, 5 awards being for improvements and 5 for

land. The aggregate sum involved in these awards was $125,190.

The umpire for the Joint Commission, appointed by the Government of the United States and the Govermnent of Panama, under

the provisions of Article XV of the Panama Canal treaty of November 18, 1903, disposed of 9 claims by 4 awards during the fiscal year.

The 9 claims aggregate in amount the sum of $118,061.38.

293
294 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The total number of awards made by the Joint Commission and

umpire, since the promulgation of the President's depopulation

order of December 5, 1912, to the end of the fiscal year, was 869,

covered by 176 awards, aggregating the sum of $1,090,754.02.

The awards of the various Joint Commissions and umpires appointed under Articles XI and XV of the Panama Canal treaty prior

to the President's depopulation order of December 5, 1912, amounted

to 21, covered by 21 awards, aggregating the sum of $304,588. This

gives a grand total of 890 claims settled and paid for under awards

made by all of the commissions and umpires appointed under the

treaty, making a total of $1,395,242.02 paid out under awards of

the commissions and umpires.

Hence the aggregate amount paid by the United States for lands

and improvements through the law department and special attorney's

office, and by virtue of awards of the Joint Commission and the

umpires, to the end of the fiscal year, is $2,716,382.52, covering 6,270

claims.

During the past fiscal year the Joint Commission dismissed the

following claims: Nineteen, because the same had been adjusted by

direct settlement between the Government and the claimant; 4, because of the nonappearance of the claimants; 1, for lack of sufficient

evidence to support the claim ; 1, for the want of jurisdiction in the

commission to try the claim ; and 4, because the improvements claimed

were situated on lands held under revocable leases, either from the

French Canal Companies, or its successor, the United States, making

a total of 29 claims dismissed.

During the fiscal year 2 claims were certified to the umpire by

the Joint Commission. At the end of the fiscal year 1916-17 there

were 9 claims before the umpire for his consideration, and he disposed of 9 claims by awards. He had 2 claims before him for

his consideration at the end of the fiscal year, both of which are in

the class known as land claims. There were no dismissals by the

umpire during the fiscal year just ended.

There were 139 claims, involving the sum of $8,005,408.90, appearing on the Joint Commission docket on June 30, 1918; but 48 of

these claims are based on Panama Railroad leases, and have been

withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the Joint Commission by section

2 of the appropriation act of Congress for sundry civil expenses of

the Government, approved July 1, 1916. These claims aggregate the

sum of $226,790.55. In addition, there are 9 claims for improvements on lands admittedly owned by the United States and held

under revocable lease from the Government, which will be dismissed

for want of jurisdiction, in accordance with previous rulings of the

commission. They aggregate the sum of $24,264.50.

Therefore there remain 82 claims for adjudication and settlement

by the Joint Commission, involving the sum of $7,754,353.85.

A total of 3,596 claims have been filed with the Joint Commission

since February, 1913. Of this number 3,478 have been disposed of

by the Joint Commission and the umpire.

During the fiscal year 1913-14 the commission dismissed 602 claims

and made awards in 629 claims, making a total of claims disposed of

1,231. A considerable majority of the 602 claims dismissed by the
REPORT OF SPECIAL ATTORNEY. 295

commission were disposed of because the Government had made

direct settlement with the claimants.

During the year 1914-15 the commission dismissed 377 claims, a large majority of which were disposed of on account of payment

having been made to the claimants by the Government, and awards

were made in 85 claims, making a total of 462 claims disposed of

during the year.

During the fiscal year 1915-16 the commission dismissed 872 claims

and made awards in 27 claims, besides which awards in 17 claims

were made by the umpire, making a total of 916 claims. Most of the

872 claims were dismissed by the commission upon the Government's

plea of payment.

During the fiscal year 1916-17 the commission dismissed 727 claims

and made awards in 85 claims, while the umpire dismissed 2 claims

and made awards in 7 claims, making a total of 821 claims. Again,

a large majority of the claims dismissed during the year were disposed of upon the Government's plea of payment.

During the fiscal year 1917-18 the commission made awards in 10

claims and dismissed 29 claims, while the umpire made awards in 9

claims, making a total of 48 claims.

According to the figures just given there remained 118 claims of

all classes undisposed of before the commission and umpire at the

end of the fiscal year. As a niatter of fact, there were 139 claims

still pending on the commission's docket and before the umpire. This

discrepancy of 21 claims can be explained by the fact that in many

instances, especially in the early Gorgona trials, a part of the claim

would be awarded, another part would be certified to the umpire;

and in other instances awards were made for the improvements

only, leaving the part of the claim for the land undisposed of. This

will explain the seeming discrepancy.

Owing to the death of Mr. Nicholas Cornet and the resignation of

Mr. Clement L. Bouve, who was commissioned in the Army d*f the

United States, two vacancies occurred in the membership of the

Joint Commission. The vacancies were filled by the President of the

United States by the appointment of Judge Burt New, of Indiana,

and Judge George A. Connolly, of California, which appointments

were made by Executive order of October 3, 1917. The two new

commissioners arrived on the Isthmus soon after their appointment,

and have been sitting at the sessions of the Joint Commission since

their arrival.

PANAMA CANAL LAND LICENSES IN EFFECT WITHIN THE CANAL ZONE AT

THE END or THE FISCAL TEAR.

On June 30, 1918, there were 51 lot licenses in effect in the Canal

Zone, which had been issued by the land agent on behalf of The

Panama Canal. Of this number 7 licenses were issued during the

fiscal year 1917-18. The licenses were granted to various parties to

erect oil tanks, steamship office buildings, churches, lodge halls, and

residences for the employees of steamship companies and oil companies. The rents collected on these licenses for the fiscal year aggregated the sum of $15,042.02. No rental, however, is collected on

lots occupied by churches and used for religious purposes.
296 THE PANAMA CANAL,

PANAMA RAILROAD MATTERS.

I am submitting herewith a statement of leases and licenses from

the Panama Railroad Company to various parties, in effect on July

1, 1918, as shown by the land office records

:

Statement of Panama Railroad leases and licenses in effect July 1, 1918.
REPORT OF SPECIAL ATTORNEY. 297

An increase of approximately IT per cent is shown for the fiscal

year 1917-18 in the amount of rentals collected for buildings, office

rooms, and storerooms in Colon and Cristobal. All of the rooms

in the Masonic Temple Building, Cristobal, except that used by

the land agent as an office, and all of the rooms in the Panama Railroad Building in Colon, have been occupied during the entire year

by lessees of the railroad company.

The Masonic Temple property has been taken over by The Panama

Canal, constructively at least, along with other privately owned real

estate in the Canal Zone, by virtue of the President's depopulation

order of December 5, 1912, but nevertheless the railroad company

has continued to collect the rentals from the lessees occupying the

Masonic Temple Building.

In the Guachapali district, city of Panama, some ground was

added to a lot held under a lease, Vhereupon an increased rental was

put into effect on that particular lot. In another case in the same

district a lodge organization was being charged only a nominal rental

for the ground held under lease by them. Contrary to the provisions

of the contract, the lodge sublet a part of the lot so held by them,

whereupon the rental thereof was increased to the full commercial

rate. These two changes account for the 'approximate rental increase for the year 1917-18.

In the Panama Eailroad yard one short term lease on a lot was

canceled, which accounts for the discrepancy in that item, as compared with the report of the preceding fiscal year.

The total number of leases, licenses, and permits issued by the

railroad company on lots in the cities of Panama and Colon, and

in Cristobal, including licenses for the use of lots in Cristobal, issued

by The Panama Canal in effect July 1, 1918, was 1,291, covering

1,365 lots, for which bills were issued in the amount of $132,511.01,

as shown by the records of the land office, wdiich figures are $1,885.81

more than those shown by the corresponding item in the report for

the fiscal year 1916-17.

The total amount of money actually collected on account of the

items in the preceding paragraph during the fiscal year just ended,

as indicated by figures submitted to this office by the auditor, is

$131,530.48, which represents an increase of $276.67 over the actual

collections on account of the same items for the year 1916-17.

The monthly reports of the land office to the New York office of

the Panama Railroad Company show that 22 new leases were issued

during the fiscal year 1917-18, which leases covered 22^ lots, all in

the cities of Panama and Colon. The majority of the new leases

covered by this item were renewals of* old leases.

No fires, which affected property situated on Panama Railroad

lots of sufficient importance to warrant any mention here, occurred

during the fiscal year.

As indicated in last year's report a part of Manzanillo Island was

filled and placed in municipal order by The Panama Canal, and the

land thus created was used as a site for quarters for Panama Canal

and Panama Railroad employees. This district is situated in the

northeast part of Manzanillo Island and is knowm as new Cristobal.

The houses there erected are of the usual cottage and four-family

type, and their number during the fiscal year 1917-18 has been increased to the total of 54,
298 THE PANAMA CANAL.

During the fiscal year just passed a fill was completed which covers

approximately all of Blocks 55 and 66, and the west half of block

64, Manzanillo Island. This area was placed in municipal order

and was used as a site for the proposed new Panama Railroad stables,

the proposed new incinerator, and the slaughterhouse for the Municipality of Colon, which is now in the process of erection. As an

incident of filling this area, a part of block 54, not fronting upon

Broadway, will become available for building purposes with slightly

more municipal work having to be done.

It is proposed to condemn the present stables situated in the

neighborhood of Ninth Street, Colony approximately in the area

designated blocks 27 and 30. The leases held by various persons on

stable lots in this vicinity have, as, a matter of fact, already been

canceled.

PANAMA RAELEOAD LITIGATION.

The following Panama Railroad cases were disposed of either by

judgment or compromise settlement during the fiscal year 1917-18

:

district' coubt, division of baxboa.

Mildred Garcia v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 198: This

was a suit for damages in ttie sum of $2,500 for personal injuries. Complaint

was filed on November 27, 1917. Trial was had on January 5, 1918, resulting

in a judgment in favor of the Panama Railroad Company.

RuJ)en Guevada v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 204-' This

was a personal injury suit in which the plaintiff demanded the sum of $25,000.

It was filed on December 12, 1917, and a compromise was effected with the

plaintiff for the sum of $1,000, and the suit was dismissed on February 7, 1918.

district court, division of cbistobai..

Alexander (or J) McKey v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No.

112 : This was a suit for $1,500 for personal injuries, filed on July 14, 1917.

The claim was adjusted and payment made by the railroad company to the

plaintiff of $350, and the suit was dismissed.

Bruno Caicedo v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 177: This was

a suit for the sum of $7,500 on account of personal injuries, resulting in the

death of Ramon Caicedo, son of plaintiff. Suit was filed on July 14, 1917. A

demurrer filed by counsel for the Panama Railroad Company was sustained and

an order entered to dismiss the case within 15 days, unless an amended complaint was filed. On November 26, 1917, the plaintiff filed a motion requesting a reconsideration of the court's order of dismissal. On May 9, 1918, the plaintiff's motion was overruled and the demurrer was made final and the case

dismissed.

Abraham, Thorpe v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 200: This

was a suit for damages in the sum of $1,000 on account of personal injuries.

Complaint was filed January 11, 1918. Settlement was effected with the plaintiff by the payment to him of $500 by the railroad company, and the suit was

dismissed.

magistrate's court, division of BALBOA.

James Asendo v. Panama Railroad Company, docket No. SS6: Suit for damages on account of escape of a horse from defendant's stables. Complaint was

filed October 20, 1917. Trial was had on October 26, 1917, resulting in a judgment for the railroad company.

Francisco Arias, P., v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 3^:

Suit for damages in the sum of $250 on account of loss of baggage. Complaint

was filed November 24, 1917. Case was tried December 5, 1917, and judgment

rendered in favor of plaintiff for $100 and costs. James Valentine v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 351: Suit

for damages in the sum of $75, on account of loss of freight. Suit was in-
REPORT OF SPECIAL ATTORNEY. 299

stituted on February 1, 1918, a trial was had February 5, 1918, and judgment

was rendered in favor of the railroad company.

magistrate's court, division of CRISTOBAL.

James Roberts v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 365: Suit

was instituted against the railroad company in which the sum of $300 damages was claimed, upon a charge of false arrest and malicious prosecution

against the company. Trial was had October 6, 1917, which resulted in a judgment in favor of the railroad company.

Mury Moore v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 377: Being a

suit for damages in the sum of $300, on account of breach of contract to carry

baggage. Case was filed November 2, 1917. Judgment was obtained against

the railroad company on December 15, 1917, for the sum of $71.15.

B. Rosenberg & Sons v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 3^3:

Suit was instituted on February 19, 1917. for damages in the sum of $288.70, on account of injury to a shipment of tobacco. The defendant company filed a motion for security of costs. Thereupon the plaintiff dismissed his case. The following Panama Eailroad cases were pending at the end

of the fiscal year 1917-18

:

DISTRICT COURT, DIVISION OF BALBOA.

N. K. Ovalle and R. J. Calvo v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No.

239: This suit was filed June 11, 1918, and the plaintiffs seek damages in the

sum of $2,000 on account of loss of and damage to a shipment of freight.

Joseph Ldscomb v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 237: This

suit was filed on May 25. 1918, and the plaintiff is demanding damages in the

sum of $5,500, on account of a breach of contract of carriage. The defendant

company has filed a plea to the jurisdiction, which had not been acted upon

by the court at the end of the fiscal year.

Evelina Robert v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 219: This

suit was instituted on February 21, 1918. for the sum of $20,000, on account

of personal injuries. The case was not tried during the past fiscal year, but

was tried on the 26th of July, 1918, and the plaintiff recovered a judgment of

$2,500 against the Panama Railroad Company. A motion for a new trial is to be presented in due course by counsel for the railroad company.

The injuries complained of by the plaintiff in this case resulted from a

collision with one of the delivery wagons of one of the commissaries. The

contention of counsel for the Panama Railroad Company was that the Panama

Railroad Company is not liable for the reason, among others, that the commissaries are being operated by The Panama Canal and not the Panama

Railroad Company.

George 8. Robb v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket. No. 23^: This

.suit was instituted on May 16. 1918, and the plaintiff sought to obtain damages

in the sum of $451.25, on account of the demolition of an automobile by one

of the Panama Railroad engines. The case was not disposed of during the

last fiscal year, but on the 12th of July, 1918, the case was tried and a judgment obtained in behalf of the Panama Railroad Company.

DISTRICT COURT, DIVISION OF CRISTOBAL.

The Muller Company, Sucrs., a Corporation, v. Panama Railroad Company,

civil docket No. 188: This is a suit instituted November 6, 1917, wherein the

plaintiffs claim damages in the sum of $497.46, on account of the loss of goods

by carrier. Answer has been filed by the railroad company and the case will

be tried and disposed of in the near future.

James Daley v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 70: This suit

was filed on January 30, 1915. The plaintiff claims damages for $440.80, on

account of an alleged breach of contract for the furnishing of ties for the

railroad company. The case has been delayed due to the absence of witnesses.

T. A. Green v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 197: This case was filed on July 3, 1915, and the plaintiff seeks damages in the sum of $1,000 on account of injuries to a horse, resulting in its death. The plaintiff died

since the filing of the suit, and the trial of the cause was delayed awaiting the

•
300 . THE PANAMA CANAL.

appointment of an administrator to represent the plaintiff's interest. The

regularity of the administrator's appointment is questioned by one of the interested parties, and this has resulted in delaying a final disposition of the

case. B. Barnett v. Panama Railroad Company;, civil docket No. 181: This is a suit

for damages in the sum of $G59, on account of an alleged breach of contract. It was filed August 15, 1917. Answer has been filed by the Panama Railroad

Company, and it is expected that the suit will be disposed of in the very near

future.

Mateo TJgalde v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 235: This

suit was filed May 24, 1918, and the plaintiff seeks damages in the sum of

$7,500 for personal injuries. Plea to the court's jurisdiction was filed by the

defendant company on June 11, 1918, and had not been acted upon by the

court at the end of the fiscal year.

John Payne v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 167: This suit

was filed April 12, 1917, for the sum of $2,000 damages on account of personal

injuries. Motion for security of costs was filed by the defendant company, and

the plaintiff ordered to secure the costs, which was not done ; and motion was

made by counsel for the railroad for the dismissal of the case. The motion has

not yet been acted upon by the court.

Arnold Valencia v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 168: This is a suit for damages in the sum of $2,000, on account of failure to transport baggage. It was filed on April 18, 1917. Answer has been filed by the railroad

company and the case has been continued from time to time by the plaintiff.

Panama Railroad Company v. Eufracio C. de Villalobos and Porfirio Melendez: This suit was instituted by the Panama Railroad Company for recovery

of lands. Petition was filed March 1, 1912. After the suit was filed an adjustment of the issues between the railroad company and Porfirio Melendez was

had. The land involved in the suit was taken over by the United States by

virtue of the President's depopulation order of December 5, 1912. The fact that

the land was taken over by the United States was called to the court's attention

and the railroad company asked for a dismissal of the case without prejudice.

The railroad company's motion was opposed by counsel for Villalobos, and was

thereupon denied by the court.

Hugh Ranee v. Panama Railroad Company, civil docket No. 199: This is was filed January 11, 1918, and damages in the sum of $5,000 are claimed on

account of personal injuries. Demurrer to complaint was filed on behalf of the

Panama Railroad Company and argued on April 25, 1918. The matter was

taken under advisement by the court and an order was entered on July 5, 1918,

overruling the defendant's demurrer.

Pedro C. Cerezo v. Eusebio piaz et al., Panama Railroad Company, intervenors: This is an action brought to establish title to real property. Petition

was filed on June 24, 1909. No action was taken in this case prior to the President's depopulation order of December 5, 1912, and no action can be taken on

it by the court at this time, except to dismiss the case, inasmuch as the land

involved in the controversy has been taken over by the United States. Our

efforts to have the case dismissed have not been successful owing to the plaintiff's objection.

Panama Railroad Company v. A. S. Mendez ct al.: This is a suit brought

for the recovery of land. Petition was filed March 6, 1912. Some time after

the President's depopulation order of December 5, 1912, the Panama Railroad

Company asked for the dismissal of this case without prejudice, upon the

ground that the United States had taken over the property, and that the defendants had filed their claims before the Joint Commission for damages on

account of the Government having taken over the land. The motion was denied

by the court. The claim of A. S. Mendez and others was tried by the Joint

Commission and was dismissed for the want of merit in the claim by the commission under ruling made on the 2d day of July, 1918. The ruling of the

commission will be brought to the attention of the district court and the railroad company's motion to dismiss will be renewed.

Tomas Reina v. Beatrice Braclio et al. and the Panama Railroad Company,

civil docket No. 139: This was a suit for the partition of lands known as Rio

Indio and Mindi. It was filed May 29, 1916, sometime after the land had been

taken over by the United States \mder the depopulation order of the President

of December 5, 1912. A suggestion was filed by the district attorney on behalf

of the United States that the lands had passed to the United States, and pleas
REPORT OF SPECIAL ATTORNEY. 301

in bar were filed by several of tbe defendants, including the Panama Railroad

Company. The pleas were sustained and the case was dismissed on April 24,

1918, and notice of appeal has been given by the plaintiff.

The following Panama Railroad Company suits were pending on

writ of error from the Supreme Court of the United States and the

United States Circuit Court of Appeals at New Orleans at the end

of the fiscal year 1918 : Theodore Bosse v. Panama Railroad Company, ciinl docket No. 119: This

was a suit for $10,000 damages on account of personal injuries. It was file<l July 12, 1916, in the Balboa division of the district court. A trial was had

which resulted in a judgment against the Panama Railroad Company in the

sum of $2,500, and the company obtained a writ of error from the United States

Circuit Court of Appeals at New Orleans. A judgment was rendered by that

court, sustaining the trial court, on February 6, 1917 ; and thereafter a writ

of error was perfected in the Supreme Court of the United States by the railroad company and the case is now pending in that court.

Joseph T. Toppin v. Panama Railroad Company, ciril docket No. DG: Suit

for damages for personal injuries in the sum of $15,000. The complaint ,was

filed in the Cristobal division of the district court on July 3, 1915. The

plaintiff obtained a judgment against the Panama Railroad Company on July

14, 1917, in the sum of $10,000. A writ of error was perfected by the Panama

Railroad Company in the United States Circuit Court of Appeals at New

Orleans. A judgment was rendered against the railroad company by the appellate court on April 17, 1918. Thereafter a Avrit of error was perfected by

the railroad company from the Supreme Court of the United States, and the case is now pending in that court. Mrs. T. T. Curran, and T. T. Curran, her husband, v. Panama Railroad Company, civil dockit No. 168: The plaintiffs in this case instituted a suit against

the Panama Railroad Company on May 24, 1917, in the Balboa division of the

district court, demanding damages in the sum of $25,000, on account of personal injuries sustained by Mrs. Curran. The plaintiffs recovered a judgment

against the Panama Railroad Company on December 5, 1917, for the sum of

$12,020.83. A writ of error was perfected by the Panama Railroad Company

from the Circuit Court of Appeals at New Orleans, where the case is now

pending.

A railroad wreck occurred on the 20th day of May, 1918, in which

some of the passenger cars of the company were demolished and

others seriously damaged, at a place near the Gamboa stockade. A

considerable number of people were injured, and several deaths

occurred as a result of the wreck. No suits were filed against the

railroad company arising out of the wreck during the last fiscal

year, but several have been filed since July 1, and it is anticipated

that other cases will be filed in the near future.

Up to the time the decision in the Fitzpatrick case was rendered

by the Supreme Court of the Canal Zone in 1913, practically no

personal injury cases against the Panama Kailroad Company had

been filed, except a few based on the Federal employees liability

act; and that condition existed from 1855, when the railroad was

completed across the Isthmus until the ruling in the Fitzpatrick

case was made.

The ruling of the Supreme Court of the Canal Zone in the Fitzpatrick case was a departure from the jurisprudence of the Canal

Zone, which is the same as that of Colombia, as recognized and en- forced in the Canal Zone, prior to that date. The effect of the ruling

was to apply principles of common law as understood and interpreted by the courts of the United States rather than the laws and

jurisprudence of Colombia. As a result of the departure from the

principles of Colombia law, a great number of personal injury cases have been filed against the railroad company. The ruling of the
302 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Supreme Court of tlie Canal Zone has been sustained by the United

States Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans, which court has in

several instances held that the principles of common law are applicable in the Canal Zone.

The case of Theodore Bosse v. The Panama Railroad Co., and the

case of Joseph T. Toppin v. The Panama Railroad Co., now pending

in the Supreme Court of the United States, present the issue clearly

for the determination of that court whether or not the courts of the

Canal Zone are to follow common-law principles or the laws and

jurisprudence of Colombia. Hence, the two cases are of extreme importance, inasmuch as a ruling favorable to the railroad will be far

reaching in its effect and of considerable benefit to the company.

During the last fiscal year this office has rendered services of an

advisory character to the Governor and the various department

heads, and in some instances to the commanding officer of the military forces ; and also to the American Minister in Panama.

The various activities of our Government on the Isthmus, not connected directly with the canal, but due to the present war, have presented numerous legal questions which have been submitted to this

office for an opinion thereon, thus increasing the advisory work of

the office over that done at any time since the change of the canal

organization from a construction system to that of operation.

LEGISLATION.

No congressional legislation limited in its scope to the Canal Zone

has been enacted by Congress, although the Canal Zone and The

Panama Canal are included in several acts of Congress enacted during the last fiscal year.

The President of the United States has issued several Executive

orders affecting The Panama Canal and the Canal Zone. This office

did not intervent in the drafting of any of those orders, except the

following

:

An Executive order was issued on January 12, 1918, entitled:

" Regulations Establishing Maximum Rates of Fare and Governing

Transportation of Passengers for Hire in the Canal Zone." This

Executive order took the place of preexisting legislation on the subject of passenger tariffs to be charged by owners of automobiles and

other vehicles in the Canal Zon«. The order prescribes a punishment

for a violation of any of its provisions, in conformity with section

5 of the act of Congress, approved the 21st day of August, 1916,

entitled : "An act extending certain privileges of canal employees

to other officials on the Canal Zone, etc.," by virtue of which act the

executive order in question was issued.

On May 28, 1918, the President issued an Executive order relating

to the anchorage and movement of vessels in Canal Zone waters.

The Executive order was issued by the President undej' the authority

granted to him by section 1, title 2 of the act of Congress, approved

June 15, 1917, commonly known as the "Espionage act." By the

terms of the order the Governor of The Panama Canal is authorized

to exercise, within the territorial waters of the Canal Zone, all of

the powers mentioned in said section 1, title 2 of the said act of

Congress to the same extent as is conferred therein on the Secretary
REPORT OF SPECIAL ATTORNEY. 303

of the Treasury with regard to the territorial waters of the United

States; and all acts done by the Governor of The Panama Canal,

or under his authority pursuant to said section of said act prior to

the promulgation of the Executive order are ratified and confirmed

by the same.

The order was issued by reason of the national emergency which

exists on account of the present war, and under its authority the

Governor may make, subject to the approval of the President, rules

and regulations governing the anchorage and movement of any

vessel, foreign and domestic, in the territorial waters of the Canal

Zone, and may inspect such vessels at any time, place guards thereon,

and, if necessary in his opinion to secure such vessels from damage

or injury, or to prevent damage or injury to any harbor or waters

of the Canal Zone, or to secure the observance of the rights and obligations of the Canal Zone, may take, by and with the consent of

the President, for such purposes, full possession and control of such

vessels and remove therefrom the officers and crews thereof and all

other persons not specially authorized by him to go or remain on

board thereof. The Executive order was superseded by the Executive order of July 9, 1918, which does not differ substantially from

the order of May 28, 1918.

The Governor of The Panama Canal has established rules and

regulations under the authority granted to him by the Executive

order of the President above mentioned, but those regulations were

not approved by the President until the 9th of July, 1918.

Respectfully,

Frank Feuille,

Special AttorTiey.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Governor^ The Panama Canal^ Balboa Heights^ Canal Zone.

APPENDIX K.

REPORT OF THE CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER, HEALTH DEPARTMENT.

Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, July i, 1918.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the health department for the fiscal year ended June

80, 1918:

Organization.

The organization of the department has almost completely changed

during the year.

Col. D. C. Howard was relieved from duty as chief health officer

October 4, 1917, for duty in charge of the sanitary division of the

office of the Surgeon General of the Army. His successor. Col. A. E.

Truby, w^as transferred to the same division on February 28, 1918,

when he was succeeded by the undersigned.

Upon Col. Truby's appointment as chief health officer, Maj. R. L.

Loughran became superintendent of Ancon Hospital.

Capt. Henry Hanson was appointed assistant chief health officer

February 1, 1918.

At Colon Hospital Capt. R. L. Bowen succeeded Capt. T. J. Leary

as superintendent on October 3, 1917.

Capt. J. L. Byrd succeeded Capt. Charles E. McBrayer as health

officer of CristolDal-Colon on August 15, 1917, Capt, McBrayer became health officer of Panama on July 8, 1917, relieving Capt. H. P,

Carter. Capt. M. E. Heck succeeded Capt. McBrayer as health

officer of Panama on August 29, 1917, and was succeeded by Capt.

Henry Goldthwaite on May 1, 1918.

Maj. William A. Duncan, chief of X-ray clinic, Ancon Hospital,

was relieved by Capt. L. E. Cornman on May 21, 1917, and he by

Lieut. C. M. King on May 17, 1918.

Maj. Thomas D. Woodson was ordered to duty with the Army

from the superintendency of Corozal Hospital on September 2, 1917,

and Dr. Louis Wender became superintendent.

Capt. W. E. Hall, chief of the eye and ear clinic, Ancon Hospital,

was relieved on November 30, 1917, by Capt. G. C. Marshall, and

owing to the rapidly increasing demands of this clinic, Lieut. A. F.

Ryan was appointed an assistant on June 27, 1918.

In addition to the changes noted almost half of the physicians on

duty with the canal have been ordered to active duty with the Army,

and have been relieved in part by officers from the Reserve. For the

first time since American occupation of the Zone, there is now no

officer of the regular Medical Corps of the Army on duty with the

canal. The officers of the Medical Reserve Corps who have been drawn

from civil life in the States, with the unanimous desire on their part

305
306 THE PANAMA CANAL.

for service in France, have nevertheless cheerfully accepted and have

faithfully performed the arduous duties assigned them.

In the positions in the department occupied by other than physicians, similar constant changes have taken place. Many of our nurses,

most of our sanitary inspectors and clerks, have applied for and re- ceived active duty with the Army. The very character of the personnel of the department as of the entire canal organization, built up by

years of successful administration while the great work was in progress, preeminently qualified them for even greater responsibility and

opportunity for the country now in its need.

In addition to these almost daily changes in personnel, the horizontal increase in the cost of everything used in the department has

contsantly increased its administrative difficulties.

Vital Statistics.

employees.

The average number of employees on the rolls of The Panama

Canal, the Panama Railroad, and contractors doing work for The

Panama Canal for the year was 28,938, as compared with 33,998

for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1917.

The total admission rate to hospitals and quarters was 381.33,^ as compared with 310.40 for 1917. The total admission rate to hospitals only for the year was 176.55, as compared with 141.86 for 1917,

and for disease alone 142.89, as compared with 105.62 for 1917.

The total death rate for 1918 was 7.95, as compared with 5.79 for

1917, and the death rate for disease was 6.74, as against 4.44 for 1917.

Th« noneffective rate for 1918 was 10.42, compared with 8.81 for

1917.

The total admission rate for malaria was 20, as compared with

13.47 for 1917, and 34 for 1916 ; the constantly noneffective rate, hospitals and quarters, was 0.72, as against 0.49 for 1917 and 0.87 for

1916. The death rate for malaria was 0.03, as compared with 0.09

for 1917 and 0.15 for 1916.

The admission rate for typhoid fever was 0.28, as against 0.41 for

1917; the death rate for 1917 was 0.03; there were no deaths from

typhoid fever in 1918.

The death rate from tuberculosis (various organs) Avas 1.27, as

compared with 1.14 for 1917. The death rate for pneumonia was

0.79, as against 0.71 for 1917.

The five diseases causing the highest number of hospital admissions, with their rates, were as follows:
EEPORT OP CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 307

The five diseases causing the highest number of deaths, with their

rates, were as follows:

Tuberculosis (various organs)

Lobar pneumonia

Chronic nephritis , Organic diseases of the heart.' Apoplexy

Number of deaths.

1916-17 1917-18

39

24

It)9

3723

22

234

Rate per 1,000.

1916-17 1917-18

1.14

.71

.47 .26

.21

1.27 .79

.76

.79 .13

EFFECTS OF RACE.

For disease only, the admission rate to hospitals and the death rate

for white employees was 272.16 and 4.73, as compared with 118.16

and 7.12 for black employees. The noneffective rate for disease and

injuries for white employees was 16.62, as compared with 9.23 for

black employees.

The admission rate for malaria was 22.38 for white employees and

19,66 for black employees.

CANAL ZONE.

The average civil population of the Canal Zone for the year was

24,032, as compared with 31,048 for last year. The military population is not included in any of the statistics of this report. From this

civil population 286 deaths occurred during the year, 255 of which

were from disease, giving a rate of 10.61 for disease alone, as compared with 8.95 for 1917.

The death rate from tuberculosis was 1.79, as compared with 1.16

for the year 1917. Deaths from tuberculosis this year were 15 per

cent of all deaths.

The birth rate for the year was 31.07. The infant mortality rate,

based on the number of births reported for the year, was 9 for

white and 160 for black children, with a general average of 116.

Of the total births reported, 6 per cent were stillbirths.

Of the total deaths reported, 43 per cent occurred among children

under 5 years of age.

PANAMA CITY.

The average population of the city for the year was 61,369, as compared with 60,778 for the preceding year. From this population,

1,523 deaths occurred during the year, of which 1,484 were from disease, giving a rate of 24.18 for disease alone, as compared with 27.97

for the preceding year. Tuberculosis gave a death rate of 4.53 as compared with 5.20 for 1917; this was 18 per cent of the total deaths,

as compared with 18 per cent for last year.

The principal causes of death as compared with last year were

as follows:

Tuberculosis (various organs)

Pneumonia

Diarrhea and enteritis

1917-18

278

123 247

86372°—18- -21
308 THE PANAMA CANAL.

There were 2,635 births reported for the year, giving a rate of

45.08. The infant mortality rate, based on the above number of

births, was 233.53. Of the total births reported, 7 per cent were

stillbirths.

Of the total deaths recorded, 49 per cent occurred among children

under 5 years of age.

COLON.

The average population of the city for the year was 26,078, as compared with 24,693 for the preceding year. From this population,

678 deaths occurred during the year, of whieh 651 were from disease,

giving a rate of 24.96 for disease alone, as compared with 24.54 for

the preceding year.

The principal causes of death as compared with last year were

:

Pneumonia

Tuberculosis (various organs)

Diarrhea and enteritis

1916-17

104

10056

I

1917-18

89

11764

There were 872 births reported for the year, giving a rate of

35.01. The infant mortality rate, based on the number of births,

was 267.39. Of the total births reported, 8 per cent were stillbirths.

Of the total deaths, 45 per cent occurred among children under 5

years of age.

Special Eemarks.

Aside from the routine sanitation of this important segment of

the continent, which will always require constant and unremitting

labor by a health department having approximately the present

personnel and equipment, the occurrence of cerebrospinal meningitis

on the Japanese steamer Anyo Maru, enroute from Yokahama to

Callao, Peru, presented a novel and interesting problem in epidemiology'. Between Yokahama and San Francisco there were several

cases of this disease. After leaving Balboa, which was a port of call,

there was a recrudescence, and the Peruvian authorities refused to

receive the vessel. At the request of its owners, she was cabled permission to return to Balboa, and upon arrival on May 28, 1918, 585

passengers and 16 of the crew Avere disembarked. There had been

16 deaths on the ship, the last occurring just after arrival at Balboa.

Four acute cases were evacuated from the ship and three others developed within a few days. Large spinal and intravenous injections

of Flexner's serum, frequently repeated, promptly relieved these

cases, all of which recovered without paralyses or other sequalae.

Careful examination and reexamination showed that the remainder

of the crew were not carriers, and, after carefully spraying all parts

of the ship with larvacide so it would have to be scrubbed out by

hand and so cleaned, the ship was allowed to continue to its destination. Up to July 1, 4,193 cultures had been made from throat swabp,

from 602 individuals, and 103 carriers were detected. These were,

isolated, irrigated frequently with Dakin's solution and sprayed with

dichloramin-T, and have gradually cleared up.
REPOET OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 309

Following this experience, ships having cases of cerebrospinal

meningitis aboard will have their sick evacuated here, all passengers

and crew examined and carriers detained until clear. Very large

and frequently repeated intravenous injections of Flexner's serum

after clinical diagnosis, even before spinal cultures are positive, are

of curative value in the meningo-caemic and rapidly fatal type of

the disease which confronted us. Most of the cases that had died

had been ill less than 30 hours.

It is a pleasure to commend the chief quarantine officer, Dr. M. C.

Guthrie, Dr. M. J. Hoey, quarantine officer at Balboa, and Lieut. J.

W. Sherrill and E. E. Houke, M. R. C, who volunteered to care for

the cases and carriers, and Maj. Oscar Teague, chief of the board of

health laboratory, and his associates, whose effective and untiring

work showed in the management of this epidemic how this serious

disease may be controlled with minimum loss of life.

VENERAL DISEASES.

Since the American occupation our statistics show a fairly constant admission rate to hospitals and quarters of 12^ per cent from

venereal diseases. At first malaria and venereal diseases and more

recently tuberculosis and venereal diseases have alternated as the most

common cause of sickness in the monthly reports. Since 1904, there

have been 27,633 cases actually treated in the Canal Zone by American

physicians, most of them being in employees and their families and

from the military. When it is understood that such employees are

heavily penalized as "fault" cases, and, as a result, many of them

secure treatment by private physicians, even these figures are small.

Many of those infected are hopelessly diseased, paralytics, tabetics,

insane, blind, terribly penalized by easily preventable diseases.

This problem has given us our greatest concern. For some years

past this matter has been the subject of conferences between this office

and the military forces on the Zone, and the Government of the Republic of Panama. The fact that the cities of Panama and Colon are

within the exclusive sanitary jurisdiction of the United States and

the police jurisdiction of Panama, seriously complicated the matter.

The alarming increase of these diseases amongst our soldiers and the

utter neglect of the matter by the Panaman authorities forced the

general commanding the department to issue a general order which in

effect was a quarantine against the terminal cities on account of

venereal diseases, the widespread illicit sale of habit-forming drugs

and alcohol abuse, and an incidental protest against the graft and incompetence that always accompanies these evils. Realizing that (1)

land quarantines against disease are temporarily effective, but gradually are evaded so as to defeat their purpose; (2) the undesirability

of an indefinite quarantine along an international boundary line between us and a friendly power: and (3) that the cities of Panama

and Colon can have no other health authority than his office, the chief

health officer, at the suggestion of the Republic of Panama, prepared

a decree for the solution of the problem which retains their police

supervision and our sanitary responsibility, in accordance with the

principles of the suggestions of his predecessors. This decree was

issued by the Chief Executive of Panama, and will be effective July

15, 1918.
310 THE PANAMA CANAL.

The plan—to be operated, it is to be constantly remembered, in a smaller foreign, friendly country, consequently with its approval

differs from that in the States and in the Canal Zone, in that it

frankly recognizes the existence and evil of prostitution, seeks to

minimize these as long as they exist, will surely—though gradually

eradicate venereal disease, and will by its rigid enforcement and

resulting increased knowledge awaken a public conscience that will

exact higher social standards, so that the higher one we have set for

our own people may seem desirable to these allies and friends of ours. In fact, I am confident that frank recognition and rigid control will

demonstrate that vice does not pay, and that economic conditions

will rapidly cause a demand for its suppression from these people

themselves.

Every woman in the segregated districts and the clandestines will

be examined. All those infected will be treated in the Santo Tomas

Hospital at the expense of the Republic of Panama. Every man

applying for admission to the segregated district is examined by a physician and if diseased required to submit to treatment in or out

of the hospital, at the discretion of the health officer. Ten per cent

of the men so far examined have been found infected and are now

being treated, the indigent at public expense.

Under this decree: (1) Any house owner renting to prostitutes

outside the segregated districts is fined by the health officer, thus

putting the burden of law enforcement on the house owners, so that

all clandestines must come to the restricted district, whence we send

them to the hospital as often as reinfected; (2) no one but qualified

physicians can treat venereal diseases; druggists are forbidden to

have in their possession patent medicines or other remedies for them,

except such as are prescribed by physicians; (3) physicians are re- quired to report all cases treated by them as in the plan approved in

the States.

There are three ways of handling this matter

:

First. Request the abrogation of this decree and the issuance of a

police decree enforceable in the courts of Panama making all vice

criminal. Such a decree would be even more negligible as a factor

in disease prevention here than in the States.

Second. To carry on as at present, increasing the personnel of the

health department so this new activity will not endanger its routine

work. This would require 12 additional physicians, 4 of whom

should be trained gynecologists or genito-urinary surgeons, and half

or two-thirds of whom might well be experienced women physicians.

Maintenance of patients would continue at the expense of Panama.

Three additional sanitary inspectors are needed. About $2,000 a month should be paid to Santo Tomas Hospital to help meet the ex- pense of additional nurses and orderlies. An expert supervisor of a reform farm and an assistant should be furnished by the United

States. This program would cost between $50,000 and $75,000 a year, and would rapidly reduce venereal diseases.

Third. To increase the personnel of the health department of the

two cities so the decree may be enforced spasmodically and as opportunity offers, as in the States, in the meanwhile educating the public

and hastening as far as possible the elimination of these diseases by

the public themselves. The actual expenditure of money by the
REPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 311

health department under such a plan would be about $3,000 a month,

but it will take a hundred years and tens of thousands times the

jnoney to accomplish the results that can be secured here within less

than as many months.

MEAT INSPECTION.

The inspection of meat and meat products has made rapidly increasing demands on the department. The Zone has not only supplied its own necessities for meat, but has been able to supply considerable quantities for our Army. A microscopic examination of a smear from the spleen of every animal slaughtered is made for

anthrax. All meat shipped to our forces is under the eye of an inspector until in the refrigerator aboard ship. Meat for local consumption receives the same rigid inspection, and the people of the

Canal Zone have at all times had an ample supply of excellent beef

from healthy cattle.

The following figures give an idea of the amount of work done by

our veterinarians and meat inspectors during the year

:

Ante-mortem iuspections

:

Cattle 20,261

Hogs 10,009

Calves 309

Sheep 44

Post-mortem inspections

:

Cattle 20,463

Hogs 10,109

Calves 311

Sheep 44

Quarantine Inspections

:

Cattle 27,868

Calves 468

Hogs 16,209

Splenic smeers examined 61,866

AnCON Hospital.

PERMANENT BUILDINGS.

The administration-clinics building was occupied in December;

the new kitchen-mess halls building in M^rch; the new power plant

was placed in operation in June. Passageways to sections A and B

were completed and put into service in March.

The new nurses' home and new isolation building are practically

ready for occupancy. Work was started on new section C in January, on new section D in March, and on new garage in June.

BUILDINGS EVACUATED.

Building 265, section C, was evacuated of stores and patients in

August and site prepared for erection of nurses' home.

In August, due to increased number of contagious cases, so much of

building 246 as had been moved onto fill below section A was reconnected with water, light, and sewer, and patients received therein.

This building is at present occupied by chronic patients only.

Buildings 234 and 236, which housed the superintendent and his

office staff, the pharmacy, medical clinic, eye, and ear clinic, X-ray
312 THE PANAMA CANAL.

clinic, and library; and building 238, steward's quarters, were evacuated and razed, and the site prepared for erection of new section " C."

Building 224, ward 15, was also evacuated and turned over to the

building division for use as field office and storerooms.

Wards 5 and 6, building 237, were evacuated by building division

and, together with buildings 240-242 (operating room and surgical

clinic), were razed and work on permanent ground improvements

begun.

In March, building 222, used for foreign male patients; building

224, gold and silver mess halls; building 226, steward's office and

storeroom; and building 228, kitchen, were evacuated (except boiler

room of kitchen evacuated in June) by hospital forces, razed, and

construction on new section begun on this site.

GROUNDS.

Permanent roads and ground improvements were commenced, the

grading and terraces around administration-clinics building completed, and considerable progress made in grading and laying of sidewalks. Permanent roads around new kitchen-mess halls building

were completed and grading and sodding completed.

Permanent road was also finished in front of board of health

laboratory and Ancon dispensary and work commenced on the main

road between these two points.

ADMINISTRATION-CLINICS BUILDING.

This well-planned, reinforced-concrete structure stands well back

from the main stairway entrance to Ancon Hospital, and by its location and size dominates the entire group of buildings which now

house Ancon Hospital. At the front approach to the building is by

means of broad sidewalks, while at the rear covered passageways

radiate to other sections of the hospital, making it possible for

patients and personnel to go back and forth as may be necessary

without detriment or inconvenience, irrespective of weather conditions.

The building is occupied as follows : First floor—chief of medical

clinic, eye and ear clinic, X-ray clinic, admitting office, and general

waiting room. Second floor—^superintendent and office force, library,

and files. Third floor—surgical clinic. Basement^—pharmacy, linen

room, and storerooms. Access to the several floors is by means of

an electric elevator and by broad stairways in each front corner of

the building.

The service needs of the patients and personnel are fully answered

in the design of this building, w^hich should be ample for the re- quirements of the hospital indefinitely. The equipment installed is

modern and complete and, so far as possible, of material which does

not deteriorate in this climate.

ADMINISTRATION.

The superintendent and office force since January have been located

in their permanent quarters in the administration-clinics building,

occupying the entire second floor.
REPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 313

In the north wing is located the superintendent's private office

and anteroom, the library, reading and board room, two sets of

bachelor quarters, stationery storeroom, and janitor's closet. The

entire central section is occupied by the clerical force, the public

and working portions being separated by an openwork grill.

The south wing contains the chaplain's office, clerical staff's lockers

and toilets, and a spacious fireproof filing room w^here case histories

of patients—now over 210,000 in number—formerly filed in open

wood shelving are now housed in dustproof steel filing cases.

SURGICAL CLINICS.

In February the surgical clinic moved from building 240 into its

permanent quarters in the administration-clinics building, occupying

the entire third floor, when new furniture and surgical equipment

costing nearly $5,000 was installed.

In the north wing are located four operating rooms in a line, each

with built-in instrument cabinets, lighted by day with a large skylights and by night by shadowless electric-light fixtures. The operating rooms open into a wide corridor on the opposite side of which

are located the sterilized linen storeroom, electric autoclave rooms,

surgeons' scrub-up room, and a room containing electrically operated

apparatus for hot and cold sterile water, distilled water, saline solution sterilizer, instrument sterilizers, and sinks.

The central portion of the third floor has on the north side the

anesthesia room, soiled linen room with chute to basement, elevatorj

and stairs. In the center at the front are the surgeons' lounging

room, lockers, toilets, and baths ; at the rear, waiting room for clinic

cases, public toilets, and quarters for colored attendant.

On the south side are located stairway, nurses' office, men's (clinic)

examining room, and office of the chief of surgical clinic.

The south wing contains clinic laboratory, women's (clinic) ex- amining room, and emergency sterilizing room—for steam apparatus—and on opposite side the nurses' rest room, two emergency ex- amining or operating rooms, and linen storeroom.

During the year 1,525 major operations and 2,692 minor operations

were performed. There were 3,892 cases visited the out-patient department, for whom 643 prescriptions were written. Three hundred

and forty-six obstetrical cases were delivered.

MEDICAL CLINIC.

This clinic is now located in its permanent quarters in the south

comer of first floor of the administration-clinics building, and contains an office for chief of clinic, women's examining room, dressing

room, and men's examining room, in which is also located the clinic

laboratory.

There were 3,312 cases treated in the out-patient department, for

whom 2,499 prescriptions Avere written.

EYE AND EAR CLINIC.

This clinic is now installed in its permanent quarters in the south

wing, first floor, administration-clinics building. It has an office and

general examining room, refracting tunnel and dark room, operating
314 , THE PANAMA CANAL.

room, rest room, and waiting rooms for both white and colored patients.

The following new apparatus was placed in service: Ophthalmometer, perimeter, phoro-optometer, refraction cabinet, operating

table, electric cautery, aviation examining chair (Barany).

There were 6,099 cases visited the out-patient department, for

whom 1,228 prescriptions were written. One thousand and ninetysix refractions were made, and 976 operations performed. Also, a large number of candidates for aviation section and Medical Officers

Reserve Corps were examined, and cases visited at Palo Seco Leper

Asylum and Corozal Hospital for Insane.

X-RAY CLINIC.

In January this clinic was moved to its permanent quarters and

is now located in the north wing, first floor, administration clinics

building. The rooms occupied are office for chief of clinic, X-ray

and therapeutic room, transformer and machinery room, developing

room, file room, supply storeroom, and white and colored patients'

waiting rooms.

The following new equipment was installed: High-tension transformer; horizontal-vertical fluoroscope; localizing devices; Coolidge

and gas tubes for radiographic, fluoroscopic, and treatment work.

There were 2,669 cases handled, and 4,870 plates and 458 dental

films taken.

si^eward's department.

The new kitchen-mess halls building, which was occupied in

March, is a reinforced concrete structure of two stories, with basement under part of south end of structure. New kitchen and dining room equipment installed at a cost of $10,000.

In the basement are located the bake shop, refrigerating machinery

room, elevator machinery room, diet dispatch room, locker room, and

toilets for kitchen help.

On the first floor are the refrigerating boxes—three small compartments for eggs, milk, vegetables, and one large box for meats,

etc., and a freezing room—butcher shop, storeroom, diet kitchen,

scullery, dining rooms for colored attendants, patients, and personnel, male and female.

On the second floor also there are dining rooms for doctors and

nurses, and white convalescent patients, with service room common

to both, food being handled on three electric dumb waiters.

Electric heating has supplanted ranges burning coal and charcoal.

The ovens of bakery are designed to burn fuel oil, which is also used

under boilers of power plant.

There were 182,797 rations served to patients, and 60,022 to personnel of hospital, at a net cost of $76,884.89. The bread baked,

264,459 pounds, cost $14,782.97. There were 186,655 pounds of wheat

flour used; 7,948 pounds of corn meal; 2,284 pounds of rice; and

1,568 pounds rye.

LINEN ROOM.

In February three rooms, one a large storage room, were set aside

in basement as linen rooms. The work was placed in charge of a
REPOET OP CHIEP HEALTH OFFICER. 315

qualified nurse with three colored seamstresses and two male attendants. Preparation of linen for hospital purposes has been concentrated in the hospital linen room, thereby effecting great economy

and efficiency in handling linen supplies.

All linen is received direct from Ancon laundry and redistributed,

all articles receiving a rigid inspection before being sent out, and

necessary repairs made at once. Surveyed sheets, table linen from

messes and hotels, etc., are utilized whenever obtainable for making

bandages, vulvar pads, etc., instead of using new gauze.

The following table will show the results obtained by conservation

and the use of reclaimed gauze and muslin

:
316 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Statistics regarding patients.

Number of patient days

Net per capita cost per patient

Chronic patients:

Number treated Number daj-s treatment Average number of patients per day

Per capita cost Military patients:

Number admitted

Number days treatment Average niimlier constantly

sick Gauze used:

Yards

Cost Bandages used: Dozens

Cost

Fiscal vear

1917-18.

313, 680

$0. 6830

61 10,078

27

$0. 257

2,544

32, 791

89.83

34,183

1,353.00

772

$537. 92

Calendar years1917

311,451

$0. 7172

63 9,836

27

$0. 252

2,469

33, 494

91.76

80,725

$2, 821. 39

1,560

$945. 79

1916

270, 294

$0. 6482

52 9,174

25

$0. 240

1,937

28, 519

78.13

87, 585

$2, 159. 78

1,871

$900. 61

1915

268, 945

$0. 5651

58 9,801

26

$0. 2503

1,771

24, 643

67.51

105, 825

$2, 685. 22

2,311

$1,115.59

1914

338, 901

$0. 773

55 3,409

28

$0. 327

1,458

19,506

53.40

132, 744

$3, 612. 22

2,077

$1, 062. 75

1913

423, 251

$0. 771

394 5,850

16.00

182,699

$4, 169. 80

2,416

$1, 401. 25

1912

415,00)

$0. 37i)

Movement of patient' nonresident of Canal Zone.
EEPOET OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 317

COROZAL HOSPITAL.

Buildings.

During the year the following changes were made in the various

buildings

:

The old Ancon admitting office was re-erected on the farm, and as soon as all necessary arrangements are made it will be turned over

to the farm manager for an office and living quarters for his foreman.

The fire exits in the hospital buildings were altered with the permission of the fire department. As they had existed, especially the

doors, they were useless as fire exits; with the present arrangement

they can be opened easily during an emergency.

The ice box from Ancon hospital kitchen was taken apart and is

at present being erected here. This will greatly facilitate our handling cold-storage products, since the supply department commissary

has been abolished at Corozal.

Hospital Department.

The population of the hospital has continued to show an increase.

At the close of the fiscal year there were 374 patients, as compared

with 350 patients a year ago. This makes the wards very crowded,

especially on the male side wiiere there is an excess of about 50

patients, and necessitates our placing some cots in the corridors, as well as placing dangerous and disturbing patients in rooms with

other patients, when they should be secluded by themselves. The

floors in all the wards have been waxed, making them cleaner and

more tidy. Flowers and plants have been placed in the wards where

the convalescent and better class of patients are kept; this makes

the wards more attractive and homelike for the patients who are

unfortunate enough to suffer wnth a mental disorder. Every effort

is being made to care for the patients in a scientific and up-to-date

method. Aside from receiving active medication for the forms of

mental disorders Avhich require it, various other therapeutic measures

are given in the forms of amusements, ergo-therapy (occupational

treatment), hydrotherapy, and psychotherapy.

Amusements. —The amusements consists of moving pictures,

phonograph concerts, church services, band concerts, and walks in

the vicinity of the hospital.

Occupational treatment.—This method of treatment occupies an

important role in the reeducation of patients, as well as a therapeutic means of relieving them from their morbid feelings and fancies.

Most of the modern hospitals have realized the importance of this

form of treatment and have built industrial halls where special instructors are engaged to teach the patients some useful and congenial

form of occupation which they can follow after their discharge from

the hospital. This form of treatment has been in effect at this hospital for over a year, but has been somewhat limited owing to insufficient help, as well as to the lack of proper facilities. The allowance

for help has recently been increased, broader plans have been approved, which has given employment to a great many more patients,

with profit to the hospital and patients alike.
318 THE PANAMA CANAL.

At present about 50 per cent of the female, and 33 per cent of the

male, patients are engaged in some congenial and fitting occupation.

The women are engaged in sewing, embroidering, rug, mop, and

Panama hat making. In the near future we intend to make slippers,

baskets, brooms, and brushes. Some of the patients left in the ward

help with the light work and others are used in the laundry and sewing room, where practically all the washing and sewing for the hospital is clone.

The male patients are mostly fitted only for common laboring and

agriculture, and the latter has therefore been found the most interesting work for them. Several gangs have been organized under the

supervision of male attendants, and given plots of land to cultivate,

in the vicinity of the hospital. This has proved a great success. Last

year we had under cultivation about 1,200 hills of yams, an acre of

yucca, a small patch of corn, pineapples, and a small garden. At

present we have over 3,500 hills of yams, 6 acres of yucca, 2 acres of

bananas, 2 acres of corn, 2 acres of papaya, 1 acre of pineapples,

and a large truck garden. Most of the work has been accomplished

in the last five months.

In the absence of a hydrotherapeutic room we have been carrying

on this form of treatment in the wards, which is a more or less cumbersome and unsatisfactory way of administering this kind of treatment.

Owing to the limited class of patients of high intellectual capacity,

the form of psychotherapy has not been carried out in many cases,

but several patients have been treated with success at the neurological

clinic which was established by the superintendent of Corozal Hospital this year, and held at Ancon Hospital, with the permission of

the chief health officer and superintendent, Ancon Hospital.

The grounds in the vicinity of the hospital have been made more

attractive by laying out of a number of flower beds, from which the

fresh flowers for the wards are obtained.

^ Farm Department.

Dairy.—Great difficulty has been experienced in supplying milk

to the numerous applicants. As many as 200 quarts of milk were

sold daily for sick adults and children, exclusive of the milk supplied

our hospitals. There were no increases in the herd aside from the

heifer calves raised at the farm ; some of them turned out to be good

producers; the cost of raising them has been reduced by feeding an

artificial meal, and it is hoped that in the near future it will not be

too expensive to raise all good heifers. The tuberculin test has been

applied regularly. Our milk continues up to the highest standard,

not only in cleanliness, but also in quality. The last fat content was

6.6 per cent. The bacterial count seldom shows a count of over 100.

Piggery.—Our stock of old hogs has been sold to the supply department, having been previously vaccinated against hog cholera. Eightyeight immunized hogs were purchased from the cattle industry and

fattened on garbage from the hospital and neighboring Army post.

Poultmj.—We have had no success with chickens, due to the fact

that feed is very expensive, and steps have been taken to sell all the

flock. Practically all the white leghorns have been sold. About 300

Rhode Island reds were hatched during the early part of the year.
REPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH- OFFICER. 319

Garden.—Several cripples have been deported and at one time our

force was rather depleted, but new admissions have now filled their

places. In building the new road to Pedro Miguel, it was necessary

for the municipal engineering division to use a large portion of our

garden, which necessitated the breaking of new land. With the re- duction of overhead expense and a different plan for raising crops,

it is hoped that in the near future this garden will show a profit.

General.

The continued increase in number of patients makes it necessary

that another Avard be erected, as the hospital is filled to its capacity

at the present time, using all available means to lodge the patients

safely. A hydrotherapeutic room should be constructed, where this

method of treatment can be properly carried out. An industrial

building where the patients could be taken and taught various occupations and where adequate machinery could be installed for the making

of baskets, brooms, brushes, slippers, mops, etc., would facilitate the

handling of patients and enable us to find employment for many

more.

Many cripples have had their claims settled, and then deported

to their native homes, but just as many new cripples have been admitted, so that there are as many on the farm as previously. The

present number of disabled employees is 53.

Colon Hospital.

buildings.

The completion of the nurses' home has enabled us to vacate old

quarters in which they Avere quartered during the erection of the

new building. This old building has since been utilized as a place

of detention for alien enemies rounded up in the vicinity of the

Isthmus.

Old ward A has been repaired, painted, and converted into an

isolation ward.

The garage has been in use for some time and is occupied by the

machines of the health officer, quarantine officer, and Colon Hospital.

Quarters for the chauffeurs are provided above the garage.

The new morgue is very satisfactory and with the installation of

the new table fills a much-needed want. The completion of the new

morgue enabled us to tear down the old morgue and chapel, which

were situated just behind the east wing of the hospital, and were

both insanitary and unsightly. The excavation at the site of the old

morgue and chapel has been filled in and leveled off.

During the past six months a great deal has been done toward improving the grounds. Shrubs and plants were obtained from Ancon

Hospital, and royal palms from Corozal. The railroad tracks running through the grounds have been taken up, thereby eliminating a great deal of the dirt and noise about the hospital.

The X-ray machine formerly in use at Ancon Hospital was transferred to Colon Hospital. The addition of a Coolidge and gas tube

will eYiable this hospital to do a great deal of the emergency work

now sent to Ancon Hospital.
320 THE PANAMA CANAL.

In connection with the garage a gasoline tank and electric air

pump have been installed. These are both satisfactory and are used

by the three divisions using the garage.

The orderlies' quarters, which were formerly located in the hospital, have been converted into a ward for colored women, the orderlies being transferred to the four-family dwelling in the rear of the

hospital.

PERSONNEL.

The increase in gold employees has been two internes and three

nurses. The internes have since been called to the colors, and have

gone to the States,

The increase in silver employees has been one artisan, four maids,

and one attendant. Two of the four maids are merely temporary to

relieve the congestion during the time we are taking care of the

women of the Colon restricted area. Every effort has been made to conserve our supplies as much as

possible. The work of Mr. R. C. Wilson, the druggist, is to be especially commended. A great many unnecessary drugs and prescriptions have been done away Avith, and by making his own tinctures,

etc., much money has been saved,

Palo Seco Leper Asylum.

The average number of patients constantly cared for during the

year was 68. There were 70 patients on June 30, 1918, as compared

with 65 patients on the same date last year,

Santo Tomas Hospital.

The average number of patients constantly sick was 440.5, as compared with 440 for last year. The number of days relief furnished was 160,714, as compared Avith 160,781 for the preceding year.

District Dispensaries.

There were 6,525 employees treated in quarters. The total number treated, employees and nonemployees, was 552,864.

The dispensaiy at Paraiso was closed on May 14, 1918, and the

dispensary at Gamboa will be closed within a few weeks. This

leaves dispensaries at Balboa, Pedro Miguel, and Gatun, and at

Aneon ancl Colon Hospitals. The new^ concrete dispensary at Gatun

was completed and occupied during the latter part of the year.

Sanitation,

canal zone.

The antimalaria activities have constituted the most important

features of Zone sanitation, and are properly considered the most

important problem confronting the health department. A review

of the malaria incidence on the Canal Zone very quickly brings one

face to face with a condition which, for want of a better term, may
REPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 321

be designated as the "jnialaria potential" of the Isthmus, One has

only to look back to the year 1906, when there were 21,739 cases of

malaria among 26,547 employees, or a rate of 821 per 1,000, and compare that with the rate for the past three years, and then be reminded

that this portion of history can repeat itself if permitted to do so. Compare this with the rate for the population within the regular

sanitated areas of the Canal Zone for this fiscal year—from an

average population of 10,200 employees there were 69 cases of

malaria, giving a rate of 6.77—and the results are very gratifying

indeed. On the other hand, when a departure is made from the

regular sanitated areas, as is the case with men engaged in jungle

clearing, on pastures and plantations, it soon appears what the

" malaria potential " is, A tabulation of the total number of employees admitted for malaria during the year 1918 will best illustrate

this. The grand total of employees admitted was 622, divided as follows

:

Employees residing in city of Panama 22

Employees residing in city of Colon 64

Employees residing in Cristobal 81

Employees residing within sanitary districts of the Canal Zone 69

Employees engaged in pasture clearing, jungle clearing, and outlying plantation work, outside sanitated districts 386

The miscellaneous population of employees engaged in this outlying Avork is approximately 3,000, but on account of its shifting nature no definite figures have been obtained in this office. For the

purpose of this report, however, this figure is sufficiently accurate,

as it is merely desired to illustrate what happens w^hen there is no

effective sanitary w^ork. We haA^e here a rate of 128 per 1,000 as compared with 6.77 per 1,000 in the regularly sanitated areas. PANAMA CITY.

Malaria.—A material reduction in the number of cases of malaria

from the city of Panama occurred; a comparison of malaria cases reported for the last four fiscal years shows

:
322 THE PANAMA CANAL.

quantity of oil used in this vicinity. Most of the new antimalaria

work was at Bella Vista and within its inimediate vicinity; some

was done in the Savanas, which accounts for the reduction in the

number of malaria cases reported from these two neighborhoods.

Vaccinations.—During the months of July and August, 1917,

1,247 school children were vaccinated. No general vaccination has

been done for several years, but it is contemplated to take up this

work again at an early date, and 6,000 points have been ordered to

start it. Schools.—A survey is being made of all schools within the city;

many are much overcrowded.

Food and dairy inspection.—It was impossible to carry on this

work during the first half of the past year on account of there being

no food and dairy inspector attached to this office. During the last

six months this work has been again taken up and careful inspections

of all hotels, restaurants, and dairies are being made. No food vendors are permitted on the street without a permit from this office.

The dairy inspection has shown a marked improvement in the bacterial count in milk, and it is hoped for still greater improvements

during the next year. The total food and dairy inspections made

during the year were as follows: dairies, 346; bottling works, 65;

bakeries, 299 ; hotels, 107 ; barber shops, 76 ; miscellaneous, 1,027.

Veterinary work.—All cattle and hogs shipped through Panama

City have been inspected by our veterinarian, and all live stock

shipped into Panama has been inspected and tuberculin test given.

All hides and skins for export were inspected and disinfected. In

addition to this work, the killing of cattle at the slaughterhouse and

the sanitation of the Panama market have been placed in charge of

the veterinarian. The receipts from hide and skin disinfection during the year were $707.24, and from live stock inspection, $3,148.85.

Stahles.—The comparatively few stables left in the city of Panama

were found to be in a filthy condition, not even excepting those of

the Panama Eailroad. It has been found almost impossible to eliminate all of the stables within the city of Panama, but this office is

now having installed concrete bins for the purpose of taking care of

all the manure, and the stables are being kept thoroughly clean. As

stables are the principal source of fly-breeding, it is to be hoped that

another season will see the complete elimination of flies within the

city, owing to stringent enforcement of the regulations governing

.this subject.

General sanitation.—The citj' is divided into four districts, as formerly, each district being in charge of an inspector. Routine

house-to-house inspections are made and premises cleaned where necessary. The premises are also quarantined by the inspectors during

the course of infectious diseases and later disinfected or fumigated.

An attempt is being made to educate the people to keep their premises clean and a great improvement is noted in this connection.

Plans are now being made, and cards have been ordered, to place

a house card in each building in Panama. These cards are to show

the fact of a weekly inspection and to carry the date, initials of inS'pector, conditions found and corrections ordered. These cards

should be effective in making the city of Panama as clean as is possible owing to its physical characteristics. It is also planned to place
REPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 323

the grass cutting and ditching under one man for the entire city, and

allow the regular inspectors to do nothing but actual inspection work.

There were 2,238,881 square yards of pools oiled during the year,

as compared with 3,273,7-ll the previous year, showing a marked

reduction in the area of stagnant water in the various districts. To

accomplish this, 7,491 lineal yards of new ditches were constructed.

The following materials were used : Crude oil, 37,331 gallons, larvacide, 5,216 gallons; kerosene, 2,018 gallons; as compared with 43,475

gallons of crude oil; 5,704 gallons of larvacide, and 1,627 gallons of

kerosene for the previous fiscal year. There were 75,988 water containers treated, 2,241 mosquito-loreeding places destroyed, 2,666 flybreeding places treated, 15,259 rats destroyed, 768.73 acres of vegetation removed, and 3,680 nuisance notices served. There were 277

fines imposed, as compared with 159 for the previous fiscal year.

Disposal of inanure.—Concrete bins at the old garbage dump have

been abandoned as it was found that they bred flies in enormous

quantities. All manure is being burned at the incinerator and will

be so disposed of hereafter until other methods are devised.

Building inspection.—There were 1,265 building permits issued

during the year, mostly for changes or repairs to old buildings. In

most cases, this means additional windows being cut in the houses

to permit more light and ventilation, as an antituberculosis measure.

A total of 67,746 buildings were inspected, 60 new plans approved,

193 buildings condemned, and 20 demolished.

Garbage collection and street cleaning.—Street cleaning work has

been carried on as in the past except that two motor trucks have been

put in use and four wagons, one cart and one riding horse retired.

It is contemplated to put on two more trucks and retire all the horse

drawn vehicles with possibly one exception which will be used for

hauling that cannot be so advantageously done with the truck. A

total of 100,890 cubic yards of garbage were removed, and 600,000

square yards of street kept clean during the year.

Incinerator.—The new garbage incinerator was put in operation

about January 15, 1918, and since then all garbage, street sweepings,

etc., from Balboa, Fort Amador, La Boca, Panama, and Ancon, have

been burned there. The two units of the incinerator are not sufficient to burn the garbage as it is delivered by wagon and truck,

as the garbage collection is done in a period of about eight hours

each day. This has caused crowding and delay.. The incinerator

is far from being entirely smokeless as was anticipated, but work

is being done in the hope of remedying or ameliorating this condition. The third unit must be installed m order that all garbage may

be taken care of as it arrives. A total of 8.268 tons of garbage, 66*0

tons of rubbish, and 613 tons of street sweepings, were burned during the period the incinerator was in operation.

Tuberculosis.—On November 15, 1917, a circular letter was sent

out to several owners of tenement houses, calling their attention to

the high death rate from tuberculosis, explaining to them that from

investigatiofis made by the Health Office it was found that practically

all of the tuberculosis cases were in dark and poorly ventilated

rooms, and requesting them to arrange to call at this oifice in order

that tlie necessary improvements might be pointed out to them. Only

86372°—18 22
324 THE PANAMA CANAL.

a very few complied with this request, so a second letter was sent out

giving them three days to comply. The second letter brought better

results, and a third circular letter was then sent out covering briefly

the points covered by the first two. In the third letter a fixed date

was given as to when arrangements must be made for the improvements, or buildings would be condemned; 70 per cent of those. addressed complied.

Of 534 buildings repaired, it was necessary to condemn 157 and

order the occupants to vacate within 10 days. It is interesting to

note that most of the buildings condemned were owned by people

able to make repairs. The smaller property owners complied immediately where circumstances permitted, or arranged to do the

work at some early date. As a result of this antituberculosis work

we have had installed approximately 4,000 windows and eliminated

30 rooms, and are continuing this work.

COLON.

General sanitation.—It is believed that the citj^ of Colon enjoys

as good sanitar}^ conditions as an}- tropical citj- in the world. It has

been designed and built within recent years and therefore has some

advantages over the city of Panama. The economic condition which

is probably the most important factor influencing the communicable

disease incidence,is practically the same in Panama as in Colon, and

is very bad in both cities.

The Colon district is more affected by swamp conditions than any

other on the Zone, and with the prospective rapid growth of the Atlantic terminal and its auxiliaries with large permanent forces, makes

it desirable to plan for extensive reclamation projects well in advance of that growth. The extensive swamps adjacent to the Army

and Navy establishments should be eliminated by filling them at

once, for they are known to be the largest and most extensive

Anopheles breeding areas on the Isthmus. One large swamp near

the Army aviation field which was supplying Colon and Cristobal

with many flights of mosquitoes, has been drained at the expense of

the health department during the fiscal year.

MalaHa.—In general the malarial incidence has been Ibwer than

ever before. Many weeks there were no cases recorded, and in the

beginning of the present rainy season the rate has been exceptionally

low. The number of cases reported during the year was 148, as compared with 158 for last j^ear. The number of mosquito breeding

places destroyed was 1,236. The extensive filling, grading, ditching,

»and draining of the many areas around Mount Hope have con- tributed to the lowering of the mosquito incidence in thie district,

and with the elimination of the Coco Solo and Margarita swamps it

is possible to exclude all mosquitoes from Colon and Cristobal, for

it is a well known fact that many flights of mosquitoes come into

Colon and Cristobal from these swamps.

All persons suffering with malaria and not sent to hospital were

compelled to use mosquito nets, for a period of two weeks in which

they were undergoing treatment. During the recent spread of influenza in Colon and Cristobal several malarial carriers were incidentally discovered among the influenza patients.
EEPOET OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 325

The large swamp between " G " Street, Colon, and New Cristobal,

which in the past has been a source of many aedes taeniorhynchus

mosquitoes, has been thoroughly drained by a network of tidewater

drains, and it is hoped that this will materially decrease the incidence

of this pestiferous insect in Colon. Extensive reclamation by clearing and ditching has been carried on in the swampy area south of

the coaling plant and many Anopheles breeding areas were eliminated therefrom.

In the large swamps south of Mount Hope there were installed

many tide-water drains, and the mosquito and malarial incidence

in Mount Hope has been greatly reduced. During the first month

of the rainy season the Anopheles catch in the Army barracks at

Mount Hope was as high as 300 per day, as compared with 40 and

50 as the highest mosquito catch during June of this year.

It has been proven that the amount of crude oil can be reduced 30

to 50 per cent by the use of cotton swabs instead of the spray and

still be just as effective.

Tiiberculosie.—The tuberculosis incidence shows a decided increase

over the previous fiscal year. There were 115 cases reported during the present year, as compared with 67 reported last year. The

increase is partly due to the rigid enforcement of the regulations

which compel physicians and others to report all positive as well as suspicious cases of tuberculosis. Several fines were imposed for

failure to comply with regulations. The economic conditions have

compelled many of the poorer people to club together and rent

apartments and rooms in order to secure sleeping space, and they

usually get the cheapest rooms, which are poorly ventilated and dark.

During the recent antituberculosis campaign many of these dark

rooms were demolished, some were lighted and ventilated by remodeling the buildings, and at present only a very few dark and ill-ventilated living rooms remain in the city. Our building regulations

should be revised so that more space between adjoining buildings

used for living quarters would be provided.

A sanitarium for the isolation and treatment of all tubercular cases should be built as soon as possible. It is thought that the erection of

a series of wards located a good distance from the city would answer

the purpose very w^ell. A farm could be run in connection with

the institution and eventually it would become almost self-supporting.

Other commimicahle diseases reported during the year were measles, 149 ; whooping cough, 26 ; chicken-pox, 22 ; diphtheria, 25 ; pneumonia, 11; typhoid fever, 7; pellagra, 2; mumps, 17; tetanus, 1;

dysentery, 1; scarlet fever, 1; ophthalmia, 1. No diseases have as- sumed epidemic proportions during the year.

Building operations.—Many permanent concrete buildings were

built and several are under construction. The burned district has

practically all been replaced by modern concrete structures. The

new Colon abattoir, which is now under construction in the Folks

River section, will do away with the old, antique, and dilapidated

structure now in use near New Cristobal. The suppl}^ department is

building a large modern refrigerating plant and abattoir at Mount

Ho])e. Many of the rat-infested structures now in use at Cristobal

will be condemned and demolished on the completion of this new

plant.
326 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Almost all the wooden tenement houses in Colon have been altered

or remodeled durmg the year m compliance T\'ith the building regulations, which require a certain amount of light and ventilation for

each living room. The permanent closing of transoms has been prohibited.

The Panama Railroad stables, as well as all private stables in Colon,

were recently condemned for sanitary reasons, and a plan is under

way for the construction of modern stables near the quartermaster's

corral on the Mount Hope road. It is hoped that this will be carried

out in order to demolish the fly -breeding stables now in use. The number of building plans approved was 35. There were 521

permits to repair issued during the year.

Flies.—During the advent of the rainy season an increase in flies

was noted. An antifly campaign was very successful and only a few

flies are noted at present. The use of the metal-top garbage-can cover

with the concrete base has made it possible to eliminate all fly-breeding around garbage cans. The municipal dump furnishes the largest

srea for fly-breeding in Colon, and despite the fact thai every known

antifly breeding measure is used diligently, many flies breed there.

A better method for garbage disposal should be installed at once. It is proposed that a plan be worked out whereby all manure can be

turned over to the supply department for use on their plantations.

Rats.—There has been a decrease in the number of rats caught

during the year, due to the rat-proofing of all buildings and the

demolition of many rodent-infested structures. The storing of building and other material likely to furnish harborage for rats at a height of 3 feet from the ground has been a factor in the reduction of rodents. The cold-storage plant and old dock No. 11 at

Cristobal are the principal rat-breecling and harboring areas at

present.

Permanent ivork.—The installation of ditches and the filling in of

swampy areas have progressed favorably during the year, as shown

by the following figures

:

Linear yards of ditches installed 94,112

Linear yards of concrete ditches installed 5, 152

Linear yards of ditches in district which are maintained 119, 365

Cubic yards of fills made 17,114

Personnel.—The force of the Colon health office consists of the

health officer, clerk, stenographer, and messenger; seven sanitary inspectors, of whom four are district inspectors, one has charge of street

cleaning and garbage collection, one is building inspector, and one

a food inspector; and four veterinarians and meat inspectors, one of

whom is supervising veterinarian and meat inspector for the Canal

Zone.

There have been several changes in the personnel of this office during the past year, the most important being the loss of three of our

oldest and best sanitary inspectors, which has somewhat decreased the

efficiency of the department.

Remarks.—Isolation wards should be built at Colon Hospital to

take care of all connnunicable diseases occurring in Colon. The

method of transferring these cases to Ancon Hospital has proven to

be impractical and very unsatisfactory. The danger of secondary

c ses occurring as a result of contact in the hospital car must also be

borne in mind.
REPOET OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 327

The swampy area between G street, Colon, and New Cristobal,

should be filled. Owing to its location, this area, if filled, would be

the most valuable property in Colon and at the same time a more or

less constant mosquito breedijig area would be eliminated.

Old dock No. 11, Cristobal, has long since been considered the worst

nuisance in Cristobal. It is a prolific breeding place for rats and

flies, and owing to its dilapidated condition it is absolutely impossible

to control this breeding. This structure should be demolished without unnecessary delay.

The large swamps between Mount Hope and~ Gatun are prolific

anopheles breeding areas, and malaria is reported among the cattle

industry force located near Brazos Brook. It is hoped that the cattle

industry will institute some antimalarial measures in order to cope

with the situation.

Garbage utilization.—Many cities in the United States and elsewhere have installed garbage utilization plants, whereby each ingredient is utilized for some purpose. The dump in Colon destroys many

tons of valuable fertilizer every month, and the supply department

could easily dispose of this on their plantations, which would undoubtedly prove very profitable to them.

Quarantine Division.

In the early part of the fiscal year the quarantine situation with

reference to the west coast of South America had remained about

the same. Bubonic plague w^as generally reported, as it has been

for years, from Valparaiso, Chile, north to practically the border

of Colombia, with an increase of this disease in certain Peruvian

communities, and an unusual prevalence in the small ports of

Ecuador north of Guayaquil. About the latter part of the fiscal

year conditions were such in the port of Bahia that northbound vessels calling at Zone ports omitted this port from their itinerary.

Yellow fever conditions have remained unimproved in Guayaquil

and vicinity, and during the latter part of this year the number of

cases has materiall}^ increased and extended later in the season than

usual, due to continued rains.

On the Atlantic side quarantine conditions have shown no material

change. Plague has been reported in the vicinity of Caracas,

Venezuela, at the small town of Charallave, which appears to be

a charcoal depot with practically no communication with seaports.

In February, three cases of smallpox arrived at Bocas del Toro,

Panama, froAr the islands of San Andres and Old Providence.

All precautions were taken against the introduction of the infection,

such as vaccination, fumigation, etc. Smallpox was also reported at

Bluefields, Nicaragua. During the latter part of the year smallpox has been reported as epidemic at Cartagena, Colombia, and

recent reports indicate that sanitary conditions in this port are ex- tremely bad.

In September, 1917, two cases of leprosy arrived at Cristobal;

one from Colombia, and one from Bocas del Toro.

Due to war conditions, passenger traffic has decreased materially,

though the number of ships received has held up remarkably well,

the bulk of the traffic being tramp steamers and nitrate carriers in

trade with the west coast of South America.
328 THE PANAMA CANAL.

With the exception of the two cases of leprosy above noted, no

diseases of a maritime qnarantinable nature arrived at or occurred

on the Isthmus during the year.

Respectfully submitted.

A. T. McCoRMACK,

Chief Health Officer.

Col. Chester Harding, United States Army,

Governor, The Panama Canal, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone.

INDEX OF STATISTICAL TABLES SUBMITTED WITH REPORT OF

THE CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER.

Page.

Table I. Admissions, deaths, and noneffective rates for employees 328

Deaths in the Canal Zone and the cities of Panama and Colon 329

II. Causes of deaths of infants by sex, color, age, and place of residence. 330

III. Deaths by nationality 332

IV. Causes of deaths of employees by age, color, and length of residence on Isthmus 1 333

V. Death rate among Americans on the Isthmus. 335

VI. Consolidated hospital report 335

VII. Consolidated report of employees treated in quarters 336

Consolidated report of days lost in quarters 336

VIII. Consolidated report of employees treated in hospitals and quarters. 336

Consolidated dispensary report of all cases treated but not excused

from duty 337

IX. Average number of employees constantly sick in hospitals and quarters 337

Average number of employees constantly sick 337

Average number of employees constantly sick per 1,000 337

X. Average number of days' stay in hospitals or quarters for each admission of employee 338

XI. Surgical operations performed 338

XII. Operations and work performed in eye, ear, nose, and throat clinic,

Ancon Hospital 340

XIII. Consolidated ward laboratory report, Ancon and Colon Hospitals.. 340

XVI. Report of Santo Tomas Hospital 341

XV. Report of board of health laboratory 342

XVI. Quarantine report 343

XVII. Personnel report 343

Table I.

Admissions, Deaths, and Noneffective Rates for Employees.

ABSOLUTE NUMBERS.

/
KEPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 329

•tABLE I.

Admissions, Deaths, etc.—Continued.

PROPORTIONAL NUMBERS.
330 THE PANAMA CANAL.

s

ao

g
REPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 331

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332 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table III.Deaths by Nationality.

Nations.

Antigua

Antilles Austria

Barbados

Bermuda

Bolivia

Canada

China

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cuba

Cura§ao

Demerara

Dominica

Ecuador

England

Fortune Island France ,

. Germany

Grand Cayman Island. Greece Grenada

Guadeloupe

Guiana, British Haiti

Honduras, Spanish

Holland

Inagua

India

Italy

Jarriaica Japan

Emploj^ees.

53

1

10

Nonemployees.

27

1

1 343

2

12

44 136

5

74

10

4

10

4

14

11932

17

23

13

312 590

1

Total.

30

I

1 396

3

1244

146

5

8

410

410

4

3

4

1

1939

23

24

13

17

12 662

1

Nations.

Las Tablas

Martinique

Mexico

Montserrat Nassau

Nevis

Nicai-agua

Panama

Persia Peru

Porto Rico

Sierra Leone

St. Kitts

St. Lucia

St. Thomas

St. Vincent

Salvador Santo Domingo

.

Santa Isabel San Miguel

Scotland

Spain

Switzerland

SjTia

Trinidad

Turks Island United States... Venezuela

Vii-gin Islands... Unknown

Total.

Employees.

U

11

11

14

2

'26'

Noneml)loyees.

16

2

2

2 678

1 114

5

40

9142

1

1

1

1 23

4

1 29

1 60

12a

6

233 2,283

Total.

1 799

17

33

2 692

1134

I646

1116

2

1

11

1 29

4

1 31

170

12

16

2,516
EEPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 333

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334 THE PANAMA CAlSTALo
EEPOET OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICEE. 335

Table V.

Death Rates Among Americans on the Isthmus.

White employees from the United States: Disease

External causes

Total

White women and children from the United States: Disease

External causes

Total

White employees and their families from the United States: Disease

External causes

Total

Annual

average

per 1,000.

3.14

.84

3.98

2.60

.69

3.29

2.84

3.60

Table VI.

Consolidated Hospital Report.
336 THE PANAMA CANAL.

- Table VII.

Consolidated Report of Employees Treated in Quarters.
REPOET OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 337

Table VIII-A.—Consolidated Dispensary Report of all Cases Treated but

NOT Excused.

Stations.
338 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table X.Average Number of Days' Stay in Hospitals or Quarters fob Each

Admission of Sick Employees.

HOSPITALS.

White. Colored. Total.

Ancon Hospital

.

Colon Hospital.

.

13.63 8.0621.40 8.98

19.23 8.65

QUARTERS.
REPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 339

Table XI.

Surgical Operations Performed in Hospitals—Contimiod.

Ancon hospital.

Number.

Genitourinary tract—Continued.

Orchidoctomy

Epididyniotomy

Amputation of scrotum Amputation of penis

Curettage uteri Perineoplasty

Trachelorrhaphy

Vaginal puncture

Varicocele, radical cure Undescended testicle, double

Obstetrical: Caesarian section, abdominal

Caesarian section, vaginal

Accouchement force High forceps

Low forceps

Version

Perineorrhaphy

Breech extraction

Six-month precipitate

Thorax:

Thoracotomy

Excision breast Excision of breast and axilla Pneumothoracotomy

Rectum:

Hemorrhoids, radical cure

Ischiorectal abscess with general sep- ticemia

Fistula in anus, excision of Prolapsus rectum, radical excision General:

Thyroidectomy

Aneurismorrhaphy

Varicose veins, excision of Tenorrhaphy

Excision of surface neoplasms

Plastic operation for severe injuries

Plastic operation for effects of disease.

.

Plastic operation fortattoo

Plastic operation for congenital defects Skin graft

Tracheotomy

Nervestretching

Gunshot wounds of soft parts, opera- tion for Extensive injury to soft parts, operation for Stab wounds to soft parts, operation

for Laparotomy:

For tuberculous peritonitis For intestinal obstruction

Exploratory ^ Gastro-enterestomy

Appendectomy

Appendectomy with local peritonitis..

Appendectomy with general peritonitis Cholocystostomy

Cholocystotomy

Cholecystectomy

Abscessofliver,laparo-hepatotomyfor.

Abscess of liver, thoraco-hepatotcmy

for Panhysterectomy

Supravaginalhysterectomy

Hysteromyomectomy

Myomectomy

Generalperitonitis

Entro enterostomy

Salpingectomy , single

Salpingectomy, double

Salpingo-oophocectomy

Ovarian cystectomy

Oophorectomy

Suspensic-utefi Platic operation for chronic pelvic

persitonitis

5946

1

1.56 24

11

1 19

5

13

4159

13

10

2

1

149

32

22

1030

9

12

1 11

4

39

9

7 119

19

2

433

5

53

33

3

4

14628

163

05

Tied.

Colon hospital.

Number,

11

1

19

146

29

14

1

3

13

11

-2

2

2

2

17370

11

1

1

148

315

1038

Tied.

Total.

Number.

5946

1 17538

17

1 28

1

13

717

9

153

I

112

3

1

178

1 36

1

9

1 25

103322

23

1 126

15

5

10

16

10 18930

7

4

435

4

462

41

45

2

8

1431

31

13 103

1

Bled.

86372°—18- -23
340 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table XI.

Surgical Opekations Performed in Hospitals—Continued.
EEPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 341

Table XIII.Consolidated Ward Laboratory Report, Ancon and Colon

Hospitals—Continued.
342 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Table XV.

Report of Board op Health Laboratory.

Bacteriological examtnations:

Blood examinations, for malaria. .

.

Blood cultures Agglutination reactions Throat cultures Water

Glands

Sputum

Stools Urine

Fluids, various

BUe

Pus examinations, various

Leper suspects

Cultures from autopsies

Smears, various

Brains of dogs, for rabies Heads of dogs, for " Negri bodies".

Milk from Corozal dairy

Milk from Panama and Colon

Milk from supply depaiiment

Milk from Ancon Hospital kitchen

Milkcoimts, various

Inguinal gland culture Miscellaneous examinations

Pathological examinations:

Tissues prepared

Autopsies, human

Autopsies, animal

Examination for yaws

Examination for oriental sore Blood films, various

Animal inoculations

Animal blood films Tissues reported, surgical. .' Placental films Dogs under observation Foetus examined

Rats examined

Mus muculus

Mus norvegicus

Mus rattus Mus alexandrinus

Miscellaneous e-xaminations

Number.

7 302

12 1,246

12

3

231 533

27572

1 1022

1462

42 142

43 123

595

1 49

1,954 283

141

1

18

3 113

17485

13

13,080

3,260

2,402

172

3

General: Wasserman reactions Agglutination reactions Antityphoid vaccinations

Smallpox vaccinations

Antogenous vaccines prepared

Blood smears examined for malaria

Blood smears examined for filaria.

.

Animals examined

Spleens of cattle examined for anthrax

Tissue and hide

Water

Blood films of cows

Smallpox vaccine points manufactured

Toxicological examinations

Thermometers calibrated Anthrax therum tested Dark field examtuations

Miscellaneous

Chemical examinations:

Urine

Gastric contents Mother's milk

Milk from Corozal dairy

Milk from Panama dairies Milk from supply department

Milk from Balboa dispensary

Milk from Ancon Hospital kitchen.

.

Milk, condensed and evaporated

Water

Spinal fluids Gasoline

Miscellaneous

Undertaker's department:

Cremations

Embalmed

Buried at Corozal Bodies shipped to the United States

.

Bodies shipped to Panama

Bodies shipped to Colon

Bodies shipped to Gatun

Bodies shipped to Paraiso

Number.

12, 1.38 156322

20

194 89168

36

3

14

2,130

1 22

173

242

8

24

3338

79

1521

4 6842

73

211

79 16242

35

15

5

1

On May 31, and during the month of June. 1918, nasopharyngeal cultures for meningococcus were made

from passengers and crew of Japanese S. S. Anyo Maru, at Balboa quar.antine station, as follows: Number of cultures made 4, 193 Number of individuals examined 602 Number of cultures positive 157 Number of individuals positive 103
REPORT OF CHIEF HEALTH OFFICER. 343

Table XVI.—Quarantine service.

PORTS OF BALBOA-PANAMA AND COLON-CRISTOBAL.

Vessels inspected and passed

Vessels passed on medical officer's certificate Vessels transiting canal in quarantine

Vessels held in quarantine

Total number of vessels entered

Supplemental inspection of vessels at docks

Total number of inspections of vessels

Bills of health issued

Bills of health viseed

Vessels fumigated on arrival Vessels fumigated prior to departure ,

Persons vaccinated at port of arrival because of compulsory vaccination law

Persons vaccinated at port of departure or en route

Total number of persons vaccinated , Persons held at detention stations to complete period of incubation of yellow fever or bubonic

plague Persons held on board vessels to complete period of incubation of yellow fever or bubonic

plague

Total number of persons held in quarantine Persons arriving from coast towns on small craft Persons departing for coast towns on small craft Crew inspected

Passengers inspected Persons passed on medical officer's certificate Total number of persons inspected and passed

Supplementary inspection of passengers and crew : Immigrants rejected and deported

Number.

2,798

1098

103

3,009

989

3,998

2,436

1,833

174

15

2,591

13, 187

15,778

4,175

20,754

24,929

19, 364

17, 232 146,322

47, 326

20, 529

193, 648 17,336

403

Table XVII.

Personnel report.

[Number of employees (on June 30, each year).]

APPENDIX L.

REPORT OF THE GENERAL PURCHASING OFFICER AND CHIEF OF

THE WASHINGTON OFFICE.

The Panama Canal,

Washington., D. C, July 12, 1918.

Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report on the work

of this office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918

:

At the beginning of the year Lieut. Col. Earl I. Brown, Corps of

Engineers, United States Army, was on duty as general purchasing

officer and chief of the Washington office of The Panama Canal and

continued as such until he was relieved, on August 21, 1917, for the

purpose of assuming command of a regiment of Engineers in the

National Army. Col. Brown was succeeded by Maj. Benedict

Crowell, Ordnance Officers' Reserve Corps, who was subsequently

transferred to the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps. He remained

in charge of the office until November 11, 1917, when he resigned to

accept an appointment as Assistant Secretary of War. The undersigned immediately became acting general purchasing officer and

acting chief of office, and continued as such until he received a permanent appointment on December 1, 1917. On December 3 Mr. E.

D. Anderson was made chief clerk of the purchasing department,

vice the undersigned. There has been no other important change in

the organization during the year, but the separations from the force

during this period have been unusually heavy, due mainly to the

employees securing more lucrative positions elsewhere.

^ The abnormal labor conditions in the United States increased still

more over preceding years the difficulties experienced in filling

requisitions from the Isthmus, especially skilled mechanics for marine

repair work, due to the activities in the various manufacturing

plants and shipyards. Sixty per cent of those tendered employment

failed to accept, as against 54 per cent during the fiscal year 1917, and

48 per cent during the fiscal year 1916. One thousand and ninetyfour persons were tendered employment in the grades above that of

laborer, of which number 432 accepted and were appointed, covering

65 different positions. Three thousand and fifteen persons, including

new appointees, those returning from leave of absence, and members

of employees' families were provided with transportation from the

United States to the Isthmus ; and in response to inquiries and applications for employment during this period, and in the issuance of

appointments, 15,i21 letters were written, 3,909 telegrams sent, and

21,071 circulars mailed.

The work of the correspondence and record division has continued

along the lines indicated in the preceding annual report, with the

adclition, due to war conditions, of a considerable amount of corre- spondence, both by mail and cable, on matters relating to the War

345
346 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Trade Board and its various bureaus, the Shipping Board, Fuel

Administration,. Alien Property Custodian, and various other new

Government establishments.

The work of the assistant auditor's office has continued along the

same general lines as indicated in the preceding annual report. The

following statements show the volume of the transactions in his office,

which include the work of the disbursing clerk

:

Claim statement.

On hand .July 1, 1917 357

Received from .July 1, 1917, to June 30, 1918 16, 024

To be accounted for 16, 381

Passed for payment from ,Tuly 1, 1917, to June 30, 1918 15,999

On hand June 30, 1918 382

There was a decrease of 2,190 claims received, and a decrease of

2,322 claims examined and passed for paj-ment from the preceding

year.

Financial statement of receipts and disbursements.

July 1, 1917, to June 30, 1918.

Disbursing clerk's balance July 1, 1917 $247, 281. 25

Receipts

:

From United States Treasury .$10,946,737.43

Miscellaneous collections 335, 040. 15

11, 281, 777. .58

To be accounted for 11,529,058.83

Disbursements

:

Vouchered expenditures 9, 643, 732. 81

Repayments to appropriations . 620, 888. 27

Refundments and disbursements on collections 38,253.82

Collections deposited to appropriations miscellaneous receipts 254, 843. 01

10, 557, 717. 91

Disbursing clerk's balance June 30, 1918

:

General account as disbursing clerk 880, 133. 41

Special deposit account 91,207.51

971, 340. 92

971, 340. 92

During the fiscal vear 13,474 vouchers for payment, amounting to

$9,643,732.81 ; 232 collection vouchers, amounting to $335,040.15 (not

including $118 income tax), and 3,075 settlements by transfers of

appropriation, aggregating $1,892,490.47 were given an administrative examination. This was a decrease from the last preceding fiscal

year of 2,190 disbursement vouchers prepared and examined. There

was a decrease of disbursements made amounting to $1,209,549.87 as between the present and the preceding fiscal year, and a decrease of

$173,217.54 in miscellaneous collections made. There was an increase

of 1,72G transfer settlements, said increase in number aggregating

$1,227,172.57 over the preceding fiscal year. During the past year

the assistant auditor reported on claims submitted to the Auditor

for the War Department in reply to his inquiries, and transmitted to

him for direct settlement 49 claims.
EEPORT OP GENERAL PURCHASING OFFICER. 347

During the fiscal j^ear 104 contracts were prepared, amounting to

$3,521,474.53, a decrease of 65 in number and of $1,575,514.93 in

amount as between the present and the past fiscal year. Many cases involving questions of law were referred to the assistant auditor for

examination and report during the j^ear.

The assistant auditor, as the, legal officer in the United States of

The Panama Canal, has, by direction of the chief of office, continued

to render assistance to the Department of Justice in connection with

the preparation for trial, and at the trial, in the courts, of all cases

in connection with contracts made by The Panama Canal. The following is a statement of the work performed in connection with cases

in the various United States courts and the Court of Claims

:

Two suits in the United States District Court for the Southern

District of New York, entitled A. J. Rennolds & Bro. v. United

States, one under Washington order 52140 and one under Washington order 52411, were pending on appeal at my last report. These

appeals have been dismissed and the amount of the judgments on

the counter claims of The Panama Canal, $10,671.09, have been

collected.

The motion for a rehearing and a reargument in the case of the

United States v. D'Olier Engineering Co., referred to in my report

for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, was denied. This case has

been ultimately decided against the United States.

In the case of the United States v. The Norfolk Creosoting Co.

under Washington order 62879, referred to in my report for the previous fiscal year, suit was brought in the District Court of the Eastern District of Virginia. This suit was settled and $4,641.99 collected.

Cases referred to in the report for the fiscal year ended June 30,

1917, are still pending as follows: Patrick Corr & Sons v. United

States, under annual contract 1033, in the Court of Claims; Walter

S. Dickey v. United States, under various Washington orders, in the

Court of Claims; Pelton Water Wheel Co. v. United States, Washington orders 29725, 29725-A, and 29725-B, for $4,176.09, liquidated

damages, and for $1,051.43 as compensation for alleged extra work.

Two new cases have arisen since the last report. Toberman,

Mackey & Co. brought suit in the Court of Claims, No. 33854, for

$3,261.80 under Washington order 67474. Report on this case was

prepared and sent to the Department of Justice on February 21,

1918. J. Edward Ogden brought suit in the District Court of the

United States for the Southern District of New York for $1,468.89,

April 30, 1918, for extra compensation under Washington order

60890. There are no other cases pending before the courts upon

which reports have not been made except the last mentioned. There

are now some defaulting contractors against which it is probable

suits will be brought during the next fiscal year.

The case of H. A. A. Smith, auditor of The Panama Canal, v. William H. Jackson, No. 457, in the Supreme Court of the United

States, October term, 1918, was briefed and argued before the Supreme CiOurt. The case was decided against The Panama Canal.

It will become necessary during the next fiscal year for this office

to assist the Department of Justice in the several cases now i^ending

in the Court of Claims and in the United States courts. This office is frequently called into consultation by attorneys representing
348 THE PANAMA CANAL.

the Government, and every possible assistance will be rendered as the needs arise.

The work of the purchasing department has been conducted in

general in the same manner as heretofore. War conditions, however, which have existed during the whole of the past fiscal year, have

introduced new aiid perplexing questions which have required in

some instances a change in the methods of purchase, and the new

problems which have been introduced by the present emergency have

required the expenditure of a large amount of extra work and time

by the office force. As is well known the industries and manufacturing facilities of the country are given over primarily to the winning

of the war, which emergency necessarily interferes very materially

with the smooth procuring of material as heretofore under the usual

routine methods in vogue under the prewar period.

Owing to shortage in the principal raw materials, congestion in

manufacturing facilities, lack of transportation facilities, and the

numerous governmental restrictions and regulations established on

account of the war, such as the necessity of procuring certain materials through allocation by the War Industries Board, the prioritj^

system, railroad embargoes, fuel restrictions, fixing of prices "for

the principal raw materials, etc., it is impossible in a great many

instances to obtain bids through competition and otherwise complying with the usual conditions prescribed in our circulars and infonnal

inquiries inviting proposals for materials. For instance numerous

bidders change the specifications and place of delivery, will not guarantee time of delivery, introduce conditions as to prices bid, priority,

transportation conditions, and also relative to waiver of liquidated

damages, and make numerous stipulations peculiar to each particular

case. Many bids are, however, still submitted in accordance with

our requirements and such bids are, of course, given preference.

These new problems have to be met and decided and of course re- quire a great amount of extra correspondence and time. Often no

bids or unsatisfactory bids are received in response to our printed

circular or mimeographed invitations, and this circumstance requires

the issuing of circular letters, which occasions extra work as well as delay in procuring the material. Advances in prices, especially in

connection with open-market and circular-letter inquiries, also have

to be investigated. In many instances the bidder will not reduce the

price, giving reasons theref/or, and in some instances the prices are

reduced and consequently a saving to the Government is effected

which is well worth the extra expenditure in time and labor.

It was recently necessary to make certain changes in our methods

of purchase in view of requests made by the War Industries Board

relative to the manner of procuring certain materials in which a shortage exists or is imminent, these materials being enumerated in

the "clearance list" issued by the War Industries Board. It is

thought that these changes may be best explained by quoting the

following correspondence which is self-explanatory:

LETTER TO THIS OFFICE FROM MR. BARUCH, CHAIRMAN, WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD,

DATED MAY 10, 1918.

It has been deemed advisable to reorganize the clearance committee of the

War Industries Board, and I inclose, herewith, a memorandum of the method

bt procedure that has been agreed upon that the committee should follow.
REPORT OF GENERAL PURCHASING OFFICER. 349

This memorandum has been drawn up after consultation and with the approval of most of tlie Government departments at interest.

If this meets with your approval, will you not be good enough to issue an

order to your proper department heads instructing them that the procedure

outlined herewith is to be followed in detail by them?

It umst be understood that nothing in the memorandum inclosed will in any

way conflict with the operations of the requirements division, as assented to by

the departments in interest.

The first meeting of the reorganized clearance committee will' be held next

Monday, IMay 13, at 9.45 a. m., in Room 716, Council of National Defense Building, at which time I trust it will be convenient for you to have your representative appear.

MEMORANDUM OF MAY 6 RELATIVE TO THE REORGANIZATION OF THE CLEARANCE COMMITTEE, WHICH IS REFERRED TO IN THE LETTER ABOVE SET FORTH.

The requirements division is considering and dealing with future requirements and programs, and does not deal with the immediate schedule of commodities which the departments are ready to purchase. If such immediate

needs of one commodity are to be submitted through the requirements division

to the commodity sections, it is believed that the other departments and com- modity sections, particularly where one transaction involves several or collateral commodities, will not be able to get a sufficient perspective, unless the

matters are considered by a committee on which they are represented and

which can deal with such matters as definite schedules ready to purchase.

Further, many concerns make different products, and frequently one department will object to overloading a concern with orders for one product which

must necessarily interfere with the filling of its orders on another product.

These, together with other reasons, make necessary the reorganization of the

clearance committee to make it more effective.

The folloAving is a proposed outline of functions and procedure

:

1. The clearance committee, as reorganized, will form a part of the requirements division, and will carry out the policies laid down by that division.

2. The clearance committee shall consist of a chairman and a secretary appointed by the chairman of the War Industries Board ; of representatives of the

Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Emergency Fleet Corporation ; of the Interior

and Post Office Departments; of The Panama Canal; the National Red Cross;

Y. M. C. A.; (allied) Purchasing Commission; of representatives of the principal commodity sections of the War Industries Board ; and such other members

as may be designated.

3. The representatives of the various Government departments shall submit

to the committee all their current and prospective purchases for commodities,

which are on the clearance list, as announced and supplemented from time to

time by the War Industries Board; (That is, such of their requirements as they are then ready to purchase.) Such needs will be discussed by the committee and will be cleared, provided the section head at interest is represented

and no objection develops, or will be referred to the appropriate commodity

sections for recommendations thereon, and in special cases to the requirements

division for instruction. The commodity section will report to the secretary

of the clearance committee its action or recommendations thereon and the sec- retary will report to the department interested. Instructions are to be issued

to all Government departments that no inquiry shall be sent out or order of this

class negotiated until after clearance.

4. The chiefs of commodity sections, in such ' matters as are referred to

them, will act in the manner prescribed by the i*equirements division.

5. The clearance committee shall also have such additional duties as shall

be assigned to it from time to time by the chairman of the AVar Industries

Board and the requirements division.

6. Each representative of a Government department on the clearance committee shall consult with the various members of his department -and members

of the commodity sections and in general keep informed of all of the proposed

and actual purchasing activities of his department.

7. The operations of the committee will assist in keeping the sections in

close touch with the operations of the departments and the representatives of

the departments in close touch with the conditions in the industries, and the

clearance committee will recommend to the AVar Industries Board such modifi-
350 THE PANA]\IA CANAL.

cations of the clearance list as developments may prove necessary or desirable.

8. The secretary of the clearance committee will submit daily a detailed

listed report to the chairman of the requirements division, showing commodities cleared the previous day. This report shall be made up so as to show

the department concerned, division thereof, conunodity, quantity, and estimated

value if possible, and whether r'eferred to commodity section or cleared.

LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT TO CHAIRMAN OF THE WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD, DATED

MARCH 4, 191S.

The White House,

Washington, March 4, 1918.

My Dear Mr. Baruch : I am writing to ask if you will not accept appointment as chairman of the War Industries Board, and I am going to take the

liberty at the same time of outlining the functions, the constitution and action

of the board as I think they should now be established.

The functions of the board should be

:

(1) The creation of new facilities and the disclosing, if necessary, the opening up of new or additional sources of supply.

(2) The conversion of existing facilities, where necessary, to new uses.

(3) The studious conservation of resources and facilities by scientific, commercial, and industrial economies.

(4) Advice to the several purchasing agencies of the Government with regard

to the prices to be paid.

(5) The determination, wherever necessary, of priorities of pi-oduction and

of delivery and of the proportions of any given article to be made immediately

accessible to the several purchasing agencies when the supply of that article

is insufficient, either temporarily or permanently.

(6) The making of purchases for the allies.

The board should be constituted as at present and should retain, so far as necessary and so far as consistent with the character and purposes of the

reorganization, its present advisory agencies ; but the ultimate decision of all

questions, except the determination of prices, shoidd rest always with the

chairman, the other members acting in a cooperative and advisory capacity'.

The further; organization of advice I will indicate below.

In the determination of priorities of production, when it is not possible to

have the full supply of any article that is needed produced at once, the chairman should be assisted, and so far as practicable, guided by the present

priorities organization or its equivalent.

In the determination of priorities of delivery, wlien they must be determined,

he should be assisted vrhen necessary, in addition to the present advisory

priorities organization, by the advice and cooperation of a committee constituted for the purpose and consisting of official representatives of the Food

Administration, the Fuel Administration, the Railway Administration, the

Shipping Board, and the War Trade Board, in order that when a priority of

delivery has been determined there may be common, consistent, and concerted

action to carry it into effect.

In the determination of prices the chairman should be governed by the

advife of a committee consisting, besides himself, of the members of the board

immediately charged with the study of raw materials and of manufactured

products, of the labor member of the board, of the chairman of the Federal

Trade Commission, the chairman of the Tariff Commission, and the Fuel Administrator.

The chairman should be constantly and systematically informed of all contracts, purchases, and deliveries, in order that he may have always before

him a schematized analysis of the progress of business in the several supply

divisions of tlie Government in all departments.

The duties of the chairman are

:

(1) To act for the joint and several benefit of all the supply departments of

the Government.

(2) To let alone what is being successfully done and interfere as little as

possible with the . present normal processes of purchase and delivery in the

several departments.

(3) To guide and assist wherever the need for guidance or assistance may

be revealed ; for example, in the allocation of contracts, in obtaining access

to materials in any way preempted, or in the disclosure of sources of supply.
REPORT OP GENERAL PURCHASING OFFICER. 351

(4) To determine what is to be done when there is any competitive or other

conflict of interest between departments in the matter of supplies ; for ex- ample, when there is not a sufficient immediate supply for all and there

must be a decision as to priority of need or delivery, or when there is competition for the same source of manufacture or supply, or when contracts have

not been placed in such a way as to get advantage of the full productive

capacity, of the country.

(5) To see that contracts and deliveries are followed up where such as- sistance as is indicated imder (3) and (4) above has proved to be necessary.

(6) To anticipate the prospective needs of the several supply departments

of the Government and their feasible adjustment to the industry of the country

as far in advance as possible, in order that as definite an outlook and opportunity for planning as possible may be afforded the business men of the

country.

In brief, he should act as the general eye of all supply departments in the

field of industry.

Cordially and sincerely, yours,

WooDKow Wilson.

Mk. Beknaed M. Baruch, Washington, D. C.

STATEMENT SHOWING ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF EEQUIREMENTS DIVISION

OF WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD.

In order that the responsibilities which the President has laid upon the

chairman of the War Industries Board, as outlined in his letter of March 4,

1918, may be discharged, there has been created a " requirements division " of

the said board, to which each supply division of each department of this Government and the Allied Purchasing Commission shall furnish " as far in ad- vance as possible " statements with as much detail as practicable of their

" prospective needs " of raw materials and finished products. The President

has decreed that the chairman is to be constantly and systematically informed

of all contracts and purchases in order that he may have always before him a schematized analysis of the progress of business in the several divisions of the

Government in all the departments, and in order that this may be accomplished, the statements above mentioned will include not only those commodities, materials or products of which a present or threatened shortage exists,

but also those of which the supply is ample, and will also include not only

commodities, materials and products required by several different departments

or nations, but also those required by one department only.

In the procurement of materials and finished products in which no shortage

exists and where no allocation seems necessary or desirable, the requirements

division will so advise the department presenting the requirements, which will

thereupon proceed with the purchase in pursuance with their established practices.

Section 1. Notice of requirements.—The statements above mentioned will

from time to time, and as far in advance as possible of the date required, be

presented to the requirements division by the member or members thereof

representing the department in which the requirements originate, or by the

representative of the Allied Purchasing Commission. Where the requirements

are novel or unusual either with respect to the amount of the proposed ex- penditure, quantities involved or locatioiT proposed, or where the requirements

division for any reason deems it desirable that the project be considered in

conference between the head of the department in which it originates and the

chairman of the War Industries Board, the matter shall be immediately called

to the attention of the chairman of the War Industries Board, and also submitted to the board at its next meeting ; without, however, delaying conference to

and consideration by the appropriate commodity section.

Section 2. Commoditij sections.—The chairman of the War Industries Board

shall utilize existing sections and where necessary create additional sections

to handle raw materials and finished products, of which there is an actual or threatened shortage, or the price and production of which should be controlled,

in order that the United States Government, its allies and the civilian population may be protected as far as possible. These sections shall be designated

" commodity sections," and each shall be in charge of an executive officer to be

designated " chief "' of such section.

Each section chief shall create and maintain such organization and keep

such records as may be prescribed by the authority appointing him.
352 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Section 3. Mcmhcrs of commodity sections.—Each commodity section shall

be composed of the section chief and representatives (hereinafter called members) of each of the supply departments of the Government interested in the

commodity in question. Each member shall be named by his department

head. Since each member will have regular duties to perform in connection

with the supply department which he represents, he need give to the com- modity section to which he is attached only so' much time as may be necessary

to perform the duties herein prescribed, and will not be charged with the

executive conduct of the business of the section, but will have access to all data and information collected by the section, and will in turn supply the

section with all information he may have or can procure pertaining to the

coranwdity in question.

Section 4. Duties of commodity sections.—Upon receipt from the requirements division of statements embodying the requirements of any department

of this Government or of its allies, it shall be the duty of the chief of the sec- tion to carefully study and consider same, and procure from all available sources information and data which will be helpful in the allocation of such

requirements. Meetings of each commodity section shall be called by the

chief thereof at such times as will intei'fere as little as possible with the other

duties of the members. At such meetings the requirements referred to the

section shall be considered and wherever possible the allocation of material

or facilities to meet such requirements shall be determined. In the event any

member is dissatisfied with the decision reached, he may at his election file a protest with the section chief and also with the head of his division or department. The latter may at his election, appeal to the chairman of the War

Industries Board, whose decision after giving all interested parties an opportunity to be heard, shall be final, subject only to modification by agreement

between the chairman of War Industries Board and the respective Secretaries of War and the Navy, and the chairman of the Shipping Board, to the

extent of their respective interests. A record of each meeting will be preserved

in the office of the chief oJ: the section, the decisions reached at meetings will

be reduced to writing in a succinct form and a copy thereof will be transmitted

to (1) the chairman of the requirements division; (2) to each member of the

section; (3) to the Director of Army purcliases ; (4) to the Paymaster General

of the Navy; (5) to the vice president and general manager of the Emergency

Fleet Corporation; (6) to the Priorities Commissioner, and (7) to such other

official or officials as may be from time to time designated by the chairman

of the War Industries Board.

Eacli commodity section will also from time to time consider the necessity

for expansion of existing sources of production or the creation of new facilities

and the disclosing, if necessary the ope^nng up, of additional sources of supply

and the conversion of existing facilities to new uses. Each section chief will be charged with the responsibility of collecting from

the several departments of the Government, from the manufacturers and producers and from' the committees representing them, and especially from the

War Service Committee, or committees created under the supervision of the

Chamber of Commerce of the United States, and from any and all other re- liable and available sources information concerning the production of the

particular commodity or commodities with which his section has to deal, including available supplies, new sources of supply, methods for increasing production, etc. These data and information will at all times be available to the

several interested departments, the price committee, the priorities committee

and any other agency that may be designated by the chairman of the War In- dustries Board.

Each commodity section shall "consider market conditions pertaining to the

materials or commodities over which he has jurisdiction, and shall where

deemed advisable, recommend purcl^ase plans to the several purchasing departments. In cases where it 1:)p-comes necessary to control an Industry in

whole or in part by means of allotments, the appropriate section will determine the allotments of materials, commodities, and facilities to the several

depart menls of this Government and to its allies, and also the extent to which ma.nufacturers and others, whether serving the civilian population or engaged in the manufacture of war supplies, shall be rationed.

Section 5. Special commodity sections.—Where the requirements deal with

a commodity listed, where a shortage exists or where an allocation seems desirable, but for which no regular section has been estal)lished, sxich requirements will be considered by a special section ci-eated for such purpose by the
EEPORT OF GENEEAL PURCHASIlSrG OFFICER. 353

requirements division, wliich sliall perform tlie same functions as are performed

by ttie regular coumiodity section.

Section 6. Priorities.—When a commodity section comes to malce its final

report on tlie allocation of any specific requirement the chief of such section

shall notify a member of the priorities committee, to be designated for such

purpose by the priorities commissioner, who shall, with the section chief and

the member, consider and tentatively determine the priority rating which such

requirements shall take when orders therefor shall have been placed. Such

tentative rating shall be observed by the priorities committee in connection

with all applications for priority on orders covering such requirements unless

the priorities committee should (because of conditions changing in the time

intervening between the time of the fixing of the tentative rating and the

application for priorities, or other good cause) conclude such rating to be improper ; in which event tlie section chief and each member of the section fixing

the tentative rating shall be notified, and have an opportunity to be heard before such rating shall be changed. In the event a change is made, the section

chief or any member may appeal from such decision in the manner prescribed

by that portion of the organization plan of the War Industries Board governing priorities.

Section 7. Inspection and production.—It shall be no part of the task of

llie War Industries Board to make inspection of products for which orders have

been placed to keep in touch with production or follow up delays, which duties

devolve upon the several governmental supply departments. Each supply

department, however, will promptly and fully advise the requirements division

whenever serious delays in deliveries or shortages in requirements occur, or

are threatened.

Section 8. Membership.—The requirements division shall be composed of

Mr. Alex. Legge, chairman ; Mr. James luglis, executive secretary ; Mr. Edwin

B. Parker, priorities ; Mi-. George N. Peek, finished products ; Mr. J, Leonard

Replogle, iron, steel, and steel products; Mr. L. L. Summers, chemicals and

explosives; Mr. Pope Yeatman, uonferrous metals; Mr. J. A. Carr, representing Allied Purchasing Commission ; one or more representatives of the War

Department; one or more representatives of the Navy Department; a representative of the Marine Corps; one or more representatives of the United

States Shipping Board; Emergency Fleet Corporation, and a representative

of the Railroad Administration.

The chairman of the War Industries Board shall from time to time agree

with the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, and the chairman of

the Shipping Board, respectively, as to the number of representatives from

their respective departments ; and when the number shall have been determined,

such representatives shall be selected by the Secretary of War, the Secretary

of the Navy and the chairman of the Shipping Board, respectively.

The Fuel Administrator, the Food Administrator, and the American Red

Cross shall each designate a representative who shall attend meetings of the

requirements division whenever they are prepared to present plans or projects

under consideration, the consummation of which will require materials, supplies, facilities, electrical power, fuel or transportation affecting the industries

of the United States.

Section 9. Meetings.—Meetings of the members of this division shall be

held in the office of its chairman at 9 a. m. each day, at which all advices of

requirements received since the preceding meeting and all other matters affecting requirements in which the members of the division as a whole shall be interested, will be considered, after which the statements of requirements shall

be segregated as far as need be and referred by the executive secretary to

the appropriate commodity section.

MEMORANDUM OF THIS OFFICE TO THE SECRETAEY OF WAR DATED MAY 14, 1918.

The Panama Canal has just been requested by Mr. Bernard M. Baruch, chairman of the War Industries Board, to conform to the procedure prescribed by

that board in connection with purchases of material on the clearance list, as announced and supplemented from time to time by that board. This list, as you are probably aware, comprises items in which a shortage exists, or is probable, and the action desired only relates to orders in quantity. The list covers a number of items for which The Panama Canal is often in the market in

quantity. I also understand the request is based on the letter from the Presi-
354 THEE PANAMAAT 4 CANAL.

deiit to Mr. Baruch dated March 4 (copy attached), outlining the functions,

constitution, and actions of the board as he considered they should be established.

I feel that The Panama Canal should fall in with the suggestion received

from the War Industries Board, especially in view of the emergency created

by the present war and th'e undoubted shortage which exists in the supply of

materials comprised in the clearance list. Furthermore, I believe this action

will be in the interests of The Panama Canal as it will probably facilitate the

securing of material at Government prices and will obviate interference, so far

as the canal requirements are concerned, with the securing of material needed

for war purposes. Inasmuch, liowever, as The I'anama Canal is not a bureau

of the War Department, and as certain la-sfs and regulations now in force re- quire advertising before purchases can be made, except in cases of emergency,

and inasmuch as the conditions brought about by the present war have un- doubtedly created an emergency whicAjustifies disregarding in certain cases

the requirements relative to advei%si^, % submit herewith the draft of an

Executive order for your signatur^*{if approved by you, providing that, by

direction of the President, ,The Panama Canal is authorized to make purchases

without advertising for bids for the material and supplies to be procured which

are on the clearance list df the Wa4* Industries Board, with a proviso, however,,,?-'

that such material and supplies as '^e' not on the clearance l^t shall be pu^

chased in the usual way and imd&iflR'he usual requirements ds to advertisj|^g ji

now applicable to The Panama Canal. If this order is signed by you this 'ot-*7

fice will then be in a position to cooperate, to the fullest extent, with the War

Industries Board in connection with the procuring of material on tlie clearance

list, and in sucli cases where it is not necessary to secure material through the

War Industries Board it will pursue the usual course now followed.

EXECUTIVE OEDEE, SIGNED BY THE SECEETAEY OF WAE, DATED MAY 18, 1918.

By direction of the President it is hereby declared that on acc(^nt of the

war with Germany an emergency exists within the meaning of section 3709

of the Revised Statutes and amendments thereto and other statutes as to purchases to be made for the Government by The Panama Canal.

It is therefore ordered that, in view of such emergency and the necessity

of cooperating with the War Industries Board in the manner outlined by the

President in his letter to Mr. Bernard M. Baruch of March 4, 1918, The

Panama Canal is hereby authorized to make purchases without advertising

for bids for the material and supplies to be procured which are on the clear- ance list as announced and supplemented from time to time by the War Industries Board : Provided, however, That such material and supplies as are not on the clearance list issued from time to time by the War Industries Board

shall be purchased by The Panama Canal in the usual way and under the usual

requirements now applicable to The Panama Canal.

The Panama Canal shall use every elfort to pi'ocure material and supplies

at the lowest price obtainable, taking into consideration the necessity of cooperating with and being governed by the advice of the War Industries Board as

to prices, priorities, and deliveries of material.

This order is issued for the purpose of enabling The Panama Canal to

legally cooperate with and coordinate its purchases with the operations of

the War Industries Board and to meet the emergency created by the War with

Germany, so far as it affects purchases to be made by The Panama Canal..

The undersigned has been designated as the representative of The

Panama Canal on the clearance committee and the requirements

division of the War Industries Board, Avith the understanding that

Mr. E. D, Anderson, chief clerk of the purchasing department, shall

be recognized as the representative of the canal whenever the undersigned is unable to be present at meetings at which it may be desirable for the canal to be represented.

The following extracts from a pamphlet issued by the War Industries Board under date of February 25, 1918, show articles on the

clearance list at that time:

1. There Is presented herewith a list of items which should not be ordered

without first consulting witli the clearance committee of the War Industries
REPOET OF GENEEAL PURCHASING OFFICER. 355

Board and having clearance granted thereon (the only exceptions being the

items marked with an asterisk (*) and outlined under the price plan below).

2. Clearance is necessary either because of a shortage which exists or is

probable on certain items, or beca-use prices have been arranged on others, and

the allocation of the various items is necessary through a central agency to

obtain adequate production or to receive the benefit of such prices as have been

arranged or fixed.

3. In the letting of general contracts where subcontractors are required to

furnish any of these items, the subcontractors' requirements should also be

brought to the committee's attention by the departments interested in the same

manner as the department's requirements.

4. The above action does not apply to contracts already awarded.

5. The above action only relates to orders in quantity, which point, when

question arises, should be determined by the department representative on the

committee.

6. The list of items mentioned will be modified as occasion arises.

7. The list is as follows

:

Acids.

Chemicals.

Gasoline.

Oil, meaning fuel oil or lubricating oil ; also castor oil. Nonferrous metals, consisting of

* Aluminum.

Antimony.

* Copper.

Tin.

*Lead.

Nickel.

Platinum.

Zinc.

Lumber, meaning

Basswood, 2^ inches and thicker.

Clear spruce, 2 inches and thicker.

Clear fir, 2 inches and thicker.

Clear cypress, 2 inches and thicker.

White oak, IJ inches and thicker.

Mahogany.

Tellow pine timbers.

Fir timbers.

Yellow pine piling.

White oak railroad ties.' Walnut.

*Portland cement.

*Iron ore. *Coke.

*Scrap.

Cotton and cotton goods, including

Numbered duck.

Single and double filling duck.

Twills and drills.

Denims, Osnaburgs, or any articles manufactured therefrom.

Cotton thread, meaning the highest quality.

Knit goods.

Leather and leather goods.

Linen and linen thread.

Rubber goods, meaning footwear, wearing apparel and hospital supplies.

Wool and woolen goods.

Cannon, meaning the forging and machining necessary therefor.

Machine guns and accessories thereof.

Small arms.

Explosives and components thereof.

Silk noils and silk cartridge cloth.

Forgings for guns, projectiles, or shafts.

Optical glass and instruments.

Mica.

Needles.

86372°—18 24
356 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Cranes.

Items of railway transportation.

Machine tools, large.

Motor trucks, gasoline.

Electrical equipment, meaning motors, generators, and transformers.

* Iron and steel products, meaning

Bands.

Billets.

Blooms.

Boiler tubes.

Cold rolled steel.

Hoops.

Ingots.

Merchant bars.

Pig iron.

Pipe.

Plates.

Rails and accessories.

Rods.

Seamless tubing.

Shapes.

Sheets.

Sheet bars.

Sheet steel.

Skelp.

Slabs.

Tin plate.

Wire and wire products.

Wire rope.

It is not deemed necessary to reproduce here the special conditions

contained in the pamphlet relative to the articles in the above list

marked with an asterisk, especially as some of the conditions are not applicable to purchases for The Panama Canal on account of

existing canal contracts or because the quantities of such articles

required by the canal are not sufficiently large to make it desirable

or advisable to comply with the conditions. Furthermore, some of

the conditions have been changed. Some additional articles have

been and will be from time to time added to the clearance list and

this office will constantly keep in touch with the War Industries

Board so as to keep advised of current changes in the list and special

conditions applicable to any particular article.

In accordance with the Executive order of May 18, it is now neces- sary for this office to refer items in quantity appearing on the clearance list to the War Industries Board for their determination as to

the method of purchase and this procedure is being followed by the

office at the present time. No rule has been laid down as to what "in

quantity" means, and of course it is necessary for this office to use its

own judgment as to whether the quantity called for is considered

sufficient for reference to the War Industries Board. Wlien the items

are referred to the clearance committee of the War Industries Board

that committee either "clears" the items or "allocates" to certain

firms the furnishing of the articles. When the article is cleared it

means that this office is permitted to purchase the item under the

usual methods. When the article is allocated to a certain manufacturer, of course it is necessary for this office to write to the particular

manufacturer requesting a confirming quotation and other information such as place and time of delivery. Most purchases under the

system of allocation are made f. o. b. cars at factory. It is evident

that this means additional burdens will be placed on this office in
REPORT OF GENERiAL PURCH5\.SING OFFICER. 357

connection with the shipment of material from place of manufacture,

the securing of ocean transportation to the Isthmus, etc. Under this

method it is also necessary that material be accepted subject to final

inspection in the United States. It is thought, however, that this

method of purchase will have its compensating advantages in that

the material desired will be secured at Government prices at the

factory in cases where Government prices for raw materials have

been fixed. I think it goes without saying that the methods required

in connection with securing material through the War Industries

Board will undoubtedly increase correspondence and general office

work considerably.

Since we entered the war our correspondence has greatly increased

on account of the many questions constantly arising after the placing

of orders, due to the priority system of the War Industries Board as well as the fuel situation, railroad embargoes, etc.

All of the above-mentioned new conditions which have been introduced have, it will be plainly seen, required a large amount of extra

work and correspondence on the part of the office force during the

last fiscal year. It would be very difficult to state specifically the

relative incraase in the work due to war conditions, as compared with

the prewar period, but when the nature of our work and its scope

is considered in connection with the industrial and shipping conditions as affected by the Governmental needs and regulations, as

briefly outlined above, it is believed that a fair idea can be gained

as to the increase in the duties of the office force.

As heretofore the principal purchases have been made by the

Washington office, although offices in charge of assistant purchasing

agents have been continued at New York, New Orleans and San

Francisco. These offices, as stated in previous reports, also act as receiving and forwarding agencies for such materials as have been

purchased for forwarding to the Isthmus through their respective

ports. A small force of employees has been continued in the Medical

Supply Depot, United States Army, New York City, for the purpose

of assisting the officer in charge in making purchases of medical and

hospital supplies for the Istlimus, most of which supplies have been

purchased through that depot.

The same system as heretofore has been continued relative to the

preliminary inspection of materials purchased, and a corps of inspectors under the supervision of the inspecting engineer, located at

Washington, has been maintained. The work of inspection has been

facilitated as heretofore by assistance rendered by the field officers of

the Corps of Engineers, United States Army, and by the Bureau of

Standards, the Bureau of Mines, Bureau of Chemistry, and the

Medical Department, Ordnance Department, the Signal Corps, and

the Quartermaster Corps of the United States Army.

The number of orders issued during the past fiscal year was 6,608

;

a decrease of 2,300, as compared with the fiscal year 1917, the number of orders issued during that fiscal year being 8,908. While there

was a decrease of 25,82 per cent in orders placed during the fiscal

year 1918, the number compares favorably with the fiscal years 1913,

1914, and 1915, and exceeds the number issued in any one fiscal year

from 1904 to 1912, it being noted that during the fiscal year ending

June 30, 1917, the largest number of orders in any one year was
358 THE PANAMA CANAL.

issued. While the number of orders, which ordinarily is the criterion

of the volume of work f)erformed, decreased, it is undoubtedly a fact

that this was more than offset by the increase in work and added re- sponsibilities caused by the new conditions introduced on account of

the present war.

The number of orders issued during each fiscal year from 1904 to

1918 is as follows: 1904, 8; 1905, 1,585; 1906, 2,563; 1907, 4,187;

1908, 4,523; 1909, 5,458; 1910, 5,765; 1911, 4,363; 1912, 5,960; 1913,

7,087; 1914, 7,426; 1915, 8,066; 1916, 8,856; 1917, 8,908; 1918, 6,608.

Below is a summary of orders placed through the Washington

office of The Panama Canal during each month in the fiscal years

1917 and 1918

:

Month.

July

August

September

October. .

.

November.

December.

January...

1916-17
REPORT OF GENERAL PURCHASING OFFICER. 359

Table showing increases in salaries authorized over organization of July 1, 1916,

etc.—Continued.

Designation.

Purchasing department—C ontinued.

Clerks (2)

.

Do.

Clerk, $1,200

Packer, messenger, messenger (assistant), and messenger (boy),

«900to«300

Administrative department.

Assistant to the chief of oflBce. ClerkDo

Telegrapher

Messenger

Watqhmen-firemen (3)

.

Skilled laborer Elevator conductor

Laborers (2)

Accounting department.

Chief clerk and law clerk

.

Clerks (2) ClerkDo

Do

Do

Do

Inspection, force. Chief inspector

.

Inspector

Do

Inspectors (2) .

.

Do

Inspector

Do

Do

Inspectors (2)..

Increase in pay. Increase in numbers.

Rate authorized

in organization July 1, 1916.

$1,200

1,000

3,000

1,800

1,200

1,400

720 720

720

720

600

2,500

1,600

1,400

1,400

1,200

1,000 900

2,400

2,100

1,980

1,800

1,680

1,500

1,500

1,200

1,200

Increased to—

$1,400

1,200

3,300

2,100

1,400

1,500 780 840

840

840

720

2,750

1,700

1,600

1,500

1,300

1,200

1,000

2,750

2,220

2,040

1,920

1,800

1,680

1,620

1,500

1,350

Number

authorized in 1918 Book

of Esti mates

11

9

Increased to—

12

10

Note.—Owing to conditions existing at the begimiing and during the year, due to the demand for experienced men of all classes, caused by the war, and also due to advances in salaries made by the various

departments of the Government and commercial establishments, it became absolutely necessary, in order

to retain men with proper quaUflcations, to readjust salaries and reorganize the force under the Washington

office. While certain increases were made as indicated herein, decreases were also made in the organization, the net result being that the total amount allotted for salaries in the Washington office was not

exceeded.

Appendix m.

acts of congress and executive orders relating to the

PANAMA CANAL AND TO THE CANAL ZONE.

INDEX.

Acts of Congress: Page.

Making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in appropriations for

the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen,

aiid prior fiscal years, on account of war expenses, and for other purposes,

approved March 28, 1918 362

Making appropriations for the Diplomatic and Consular Service for the ' fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, approved April 15, 1918 363

To punish the willful injury or destruction of war material, or of war premises or utilities used in connection with war material, and for other purposes, approved April 20, 1918 363

To amend the naturalization laws and to repeal certain sections of the Revised Statutes of the United States and other laws relating to naturalization, and for other purposes, approved May 9, 1918 364

To amend section three, title one, of the Act entitled "An Act to punish

acts of interference with the foreign relations, the neutrality, and the for- eign commerce of the United States, to punish espionage, and better to

enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and for other purposes,"

approved June fifteenth, nineteen hundred and seventeen, and for other

purposes, approved May 16, 1918 366

To prevent in time of war departure from or entry into the United States

contrary to the public safety, approved May 22, 1918 368

Making appropriations to supply additional urgent deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and

eighteen, on account of war expenses and for other purposes, approved

June 4, 1918. 368

Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the

fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, and for other purposes, approved July 1, 1918 369

Making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June

thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, and for other purposes, approved July 1, 1918 371

Making appropiations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses

of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen

hundred and nineteen, and for other purposes, approved July 3, 1918.. . 372

Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal

year ending June thirtieth, nineteen Jiundred and eighteen, and prior

fiscal years, on account of war expenses, and for other purposes, approved

July 8, 1918 373

Making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the

armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and

service, and for other purposes, approved July 8, 1918 374

Providing for the protection of the uniform of friendly nations, and for other

piu-poses, approved July 8, 1918 375

Making appropriations for the support of the Army lor the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, approved July 9,

1918.. 375

Conferring on the President power to prescribe charter rates and freight rates and to requisition vessels, and for other purposes, approved July 18,

1918 376

Making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year

ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, approved October

1, 1918 -..--. .- - -. 379

Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal

year ending June 30, 1919, and prior fiscal years, on account of war expenses, and for other purposes, approved November 4, 1918 379

361
362 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Executive orders: Page.

Amending Order fixing compensation of Joint Commissioners New and

Connolly 380

Proclamation—Regulations prescribing conduct of alien enemies 380

Amending Civil Service Rule governing transfer 382

Regulations establishing Maximum Rates of Fare and Governing Transportation of Passengers for Hire in the Canal Zone 382

Proclamation—Regulating the flying of civil ian aircraft 387

Establishment of military reservation •. . .' 387

Positions exempt from civil service examination 388

Coordinating purchases with War Industries Board 388

Balboa Naval Radio Station 389

Anchorage and Movement of Vessels 389

Amending paragraph 20 of the Navigation rules and regulations of The

Panama Canal 389

Transfering $120,000 from appropriation for Censorship of Foreign Mails to the Secretary of War for censoring of mails in the Panama Canal Zone.

.

390

Providing for the licensing of chauffeurs 390

Setting apart a site for Guarapo naval air station 392

ACTS OF CONGRESS AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS RELATING TO THE

PANAMA CANAL AND TO THE CANAL ZONE.

AN ACT Making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in appropriations for the

fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, and prior fiscal years, on account of war expenses, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United

States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to supply urgent deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June

thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, and prior fiscal years, on account of

war expenses, and for other purposes, namely

:

*******

******* DEPARTMENT OP STATE.

FOREIGN INTEECOUBSE.

* * . * * . * *

- *

Relief and protection of American seamen : For relief and protection of

American seamen in foreign countries, and in the Panama Canal Zone, and

shipwrecked American seamen in the Territory of Alaska, in the Hawaiian

Islands, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands, $60,000.

MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT.

* * * * * « *

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

Hospital care, Canal Zone garrisons: For paying the Panama Canal such

reasonable charges, exclusive of subsistence, as may be approved by the Secretary of War for caring in its hospitals for officers, enlisted men, military

prisoners, and civilian employees of the Army admitted thereto upon the request

of proper military authority : Promded, That the subsistence of the said

patients, except commissioned officers, shall be paid to said hospitals out of the

appropriation for subsistence of the Army at the rates provided therein for

commutation of rations for enlisted patients in general hospitals, $20,000.
ACTS OF CONGRESS. 363

PANAMA CANAL.

CONSTEXrCTION.

For continuing the construction and equipment of tlie Panama Canal, to be

expended under tlie direction of tlie governor : For completing dock numbered

six at Cristobal, $593,190, to continue available until expended ; and the limit

of cost fixed by the sundry civil appropriation Act approved July first, nineteen

hundred and sixteen, is increased from $1,500,000 to $2,093,190.

FORTIFICATIONS, PANAMA CANAL.

For protection, preservation, and repair of fortifications, for which there may

be no special appropriation available, and for maintaining channels for access

to torpedo wharves, $9,400.

* * * * * * *

Approved, March 28, 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations for the Diplomatic and Consular Service for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United

States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and they

are hereby, severally appropriated, in full compensation for the Diplomatic and

Consular Service for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred

and nineteen, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for

the objects hereinafter expressed, namely

:

PAYMENT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF PANAMA.

To enable the Secretary of State to pay to the Government of Panama the

seventh annual payment due on February twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and

nineteen, from the Government of the United States to the Government of

Panama under article fourteen of the treaty of November eighteenth, nineteen

hundred and three, $250,000.

BELIEF AND PROTECTION OF AMERICAN SEAMEN.

Relief and protection of American seamen in foreign countries, and in the

Panama Canal Zone, and shipwrecked American seamen in the Territory of

Alaska, in the Hawaiian Islands, Porto Rico, and the Philippine Islands, $80,000.

Approved, April 15, 1918.

AN ACT To punish the willful injury or destruction of war material, or of war premises

or utilities used in connection with war material, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives- of the United States

of America in Congress assembled. That the words " war material," as used

herein, shall include arms, armament, ammunition, livestock, stores of clothing,

food, foodstuffs, or fuel ; and shall also include supplies, munitions, and all other

articles of whatever description, and any part or ingredient thereof, intended

for, adapted to, or suitable for the use of the United States, or any associate

nation, in connection with the conduct of the war. The words " war premises," as used herein, shall include all buildings,

grounds, mines, or other places wherein such war material is being produced,

manufactured, repaired, stored, mined, extracted, distributed, loaded, unloaded,

or transported, together with all machinery and appliances therein contained;
364 THE PANAMA CANAL.

and all forts, arsenals, navy yards, camps, prisons, or other military or naval

stations of the United States, or any associate nation.

The words " war utilities," as used herein, shall include all railroads, railways,

electric lines, roads of whatever description, rairoad or railway fixture, canal,

lock, dam, wharf, pier, dock, bridge, building, structure, engine, machine, mechanical contrivance, car, vehicle, boat, or aircraft, or any other means of

transportation whatsoever, whereon or whereby such war material or any

troops of the United States, or of any associate nation, are being or may be

transported either within the limits of the United States or upon the high

seas; and all dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, water and gas mains and pipes,

structures and buildings, whereby or in connection with which water or gas is being furnished, or may be furnished, to any war pi'emises or to the military or naval forces of the United States, or any associate nation, and all electric light

and power, steam or pneumatic power, telephone and telegraph plants, poles,

wires, and fixtures and wireless stations, and the buildings connected with the

maintenance and operation thereof used to supply water, light, heat, power, or

facilities of communication to any war premises or to the military or naval

forces of the United States, or any associate nation.

The words " United States " shall include the Canal Zone and all territory

and waters, continental and insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United

States.

The words " associate nation," as used in this Act, shall be deemed to mean

any nation at war with any nation with which the United States is at war.

Sec. 2. That when the United States is at war, whoever, with intent to injure,

interfere with, or obstruct the United States or any associate nation in preparing for or carrying on the war, or whoever, with reason to believe that his act

may injure, interfere with, or obstruct the United States or any associate nation

in preparing for or carrying on the war, shall willfully injure or destroy, or

shall attempt to so injure or destroy, any war material, war premises, or war

utilities, as herein defined, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not more than

$10,000 or imprisoned not more than thirty years, or both.

Sec. 3. That when the United States is at w^ar, whoever, with intent to injure,

interfere with, or obstruct the United States or any associate nation in preparing for or carrying on the war, or whoever, with reason to believe that his act

may injure, interfere with, or obstruct the United States or any associate nation

in preparing for or carrying on the war, shall willfully make or cause to be made

in a defective manner, or attempt to make or cause to be made in a defective

manner, any war material, as herein defined, or any tool, implement, machine,

utensil, or receptacle used or employed in making, producing, manufacturing, or

repairing any such war material, as herein defined, shall, upon conviction

thereof, be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than thirty

years, or both.

Approved, April 20, 1918.

AN ACT To amond the naturalization laws and to repeal certain sections of the Revised

Statutes of the United States and other laws relating to naturalization, and for other

purposes.

Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States

of America in Congress asscmhled, That section four of the Act entitled "An

Act to establish a Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization and to provide a miiform rule for the naturalization of aliens throughout the United States,"

approved June twenty-ninth, nineteen hundred and six, be, and is hereby,

amended by adding seven new subdivisions as follows

:

" Seventh. * * * q^ ^ny alien, or any Porto Rican not a citizen of the

United States, of the age of twenty-one years and upward, who has enlisted or entered or may hereafter enlist in or enter the armies of the United States,

either the Regular or the Volunteer Forces, or the National Army, the National

Guard or Naval Militia of any State, Territory, or the District of Columbia, or the State militia in Federal service, or in the United States Navy or Marine

Cqrps, or in the United States Coast Guard, or who has served for three years on board of any vessel of the United States Government, or for three years on

board of merchant or fishing vessels of the United States of more than twenty

tons bui'den, and while still in the service on a reenlistment or reappointment,

or within six months after an honorable discharge or separation therefrom,

or while on furlough to the Army Reserve or Regular Army Reserve after
ACTS OP CONGEESS. 365

honorable service, may, on presentation of the required declaration of intention

petition for naturalization without proof of the required five years' residence

within the United States if upon examination by the representative of the

Bureau of Naturalization, in accordance with the requirements of this subdivision it is shown that such residence can not be establishd ; any alien serving

in the military or naval service of the United States during the time this country is engaged in the present war may file his petition for naturalization without making the preliminary declaration of intention and without proof of the

required five years' residence within the United States; any alien declarant

who has served in the Uniteil States Army or Navy, or the Philippine Constabulary, and has been honorably discharged therefrom and has been

accepted for service in either the military or naval service of the United

States on the condition that he becomes a citizen of the United States, may

file his petition for naturalization upon proof of continuous residence within

the United States for the three years immediately preceding his petition, by

two witnesses, citizens of the United States, and in these cases only residence

in the Philippine Islands and the Panama Canal Zone by aliens may be con- sidered residence within the United States, and the place of such military

service shall be construed as the place of residence required to be established

for purposes of naturalization ; and any alien, or any person owing permanent

allegiance to the United States embraced within this subdivision, may file his

petition for naturalization in tlie most convenient court without proof of residence within its jurisdiction, notwithstanding the limitation upon the jurisdiction of the courts specified in section three of the Act of June twenty-ninth,

nineteen hundred and six, provided he appears with his two witnesses before

the appropriate representative of the Bureau of Naturalization and passes the

preliminary examination hereby required before filing his petition for naturalization in the office of the clerk of the court, and in each case the record of this

examination shall be offered in evidence by the representative of the Government from the Bureau of Naturalization and made a part of the record at

the original and any subsequent hearings ; and, except as otherwise herein provided, the honorable discharge certificate of such alien, or person owing permanent allegiance to the United States, or the certificate of service showing

good conduct, signed by a duly authorized officer, or by the masters of said

vessels, shall be deemed prima facie evidence to satisfy all of the requirements of residence within the United States and within the State, Territory,

or the District of Columbia, and good moral character required by law, when

supported by the affidavits of two witnesses, citizens of the United States,

identifying the applicant as the person named in the certificate or honorable

discharge, and in those cases only where the alien is actually in the military or naval service of the United States, the certificate of arrival shall not be filed

with the petition for naturalization in the manner prescribed ; and any petition

for naturalization filed under the provisions of this subdivision may be heard

immediately, notwithstanding the law prohibits the hearing of a petition for naturalization during thirty days preceding any electicHi in the

jurisdiction of the court. Any alien, who, at the time of the passage of this

Act, is in the military service of the United States, who may not be within

the jurisdiction of any court authorized to naturalize aliens, may file his petition for naturalization without appearing in person in the office of the clerk

of the court and shall not be required to take the prescribed oath of allegiance in open court. The petition shall be verified by the affidavits of at

least two credible witnesses who are citizens of the United States, and who

shall prove in their affidavits the portion of the residence that they have personally known the applicant to have resided within the United States. The time

of military service may be established by the affidavits of at least two other

citizens of th.e United States, which, together with the oath of allegiance, may

be taken in accordance with the terms of section seventeen hundred and fifty

of the Revised Statutes of the United States after notice from and under

regulations of the Bureau of Naturalization. Such affidavits and oath of allegiance shall be admitted in evidence in any original or appellate naturalization proceeding without proof of the genuineness of the seal or signature or

of the official character of the officer before whom the affidavits and oath of

allegiance were taken, and shall be filed by the representative of the Government from the Bureau of Naturalization at the hearing as provided by section

eleven of the Act of .Tune twenty-nine, nineteen hundred and six. Members of

the Naturalization Bureau and Service may be designated by the Secretary

of Labor to administer oaths relating to the administration of the naturall-
366 THE PANAMA CANAL.

zation law ; and the requirement of section ten of notice to talie depositions to

tlie United States attorneys is repealed, and the duty they perform under section

fifteen of the Act of June twenty-ninth, nineteen hundred and six (Thirtyfourth Statutes at Large, part one, page five hundred and ninety-six), may

also be performed by the Commissioner or Deputy Commissioner of Naturalization : Provided, That it shall not be lawful to make a declaration of intention

before the clerk of any court on election day or during the period of 30 days

preceding the day of holding any election in the jurisdiction of the court

:

Provided further, That service by aliens upon vessels other than of American

registry, whether continuous or broken, shall not be considered as residence for

naturalization purposes within the jurisdiction of the United States, and such

aliens can not secure residence for naturalization purposes during service upon

vessels of foreign registry.

During -the time when the United States is at war no clerk of a United

States court shall charge or collect a naturalization fee from an alien in the

military service of the United States for filing his petition or issuing the certificate of naturalization upon admission to citizenship, and no clerk of any

State court shall charge or collect any fee for this service unless the laws of

the State require such charge to be made, in which case nothing more than the

portion of the fee required to be paid to the State shall be charged or collected.

A full accounting for all of these transactions shall be made to the Bureau of

Naturalization in the manner provided by section thirteen of the Act of June

twenty-ninth, nineteen hundred and six. " Eighth. That every seaman, being an alien, shall, after his declaration

of intention to become a citizen of the United States, and after he shall have

served three years upon such merchant or fishing vessels of the United States.

be deemed a citizen of the United States for the purpose of serving on board

any such merchant or fishing vessel of the United States, anything to the con- trary in any Act of Congress notwithstanding; but such seaman shall, for all purposes of protection as an American citizen, be deemed such after the filing

of his declaration of intention to become such citizen : Provided, That nothing

contained in tliis Act shall be taken or c^onstrued to repeal or modify any portion of the Act approved March fourth, nineteen hundred and fifteen (Thirtyeighth Statutes at Large, part one, page eleven hundred and sixty-four, chapter one hundred and fifty-three), being an Act to promote the welfare of American

seamen.

" Thirteenth.

*******

That any person wlio is serving in the military or naval forces of

the United States at the termination of the existing war, and any person who

before the termination of the existing war may have been honorably discharged

from the military or naval services of the United Statese on account of disability incurred in line of duty, shall, if he applies to the proper court for

admission as a citizen of the United States, be relieved from the necessity of

proving that immediately preceding the date of his application he has resided

continuously within the United States the time required by law of other aliens, or witliin the State, Territory, or the District of Columbia for the year immediately preceding the date of his petition for naturalization, but his petition

for naturalization shall be supported by the affidavits of two credible witnesses,

citizens of the United States, identifying the petitioner as the person named

in the certificate of honorable discharge, which said certificate may be accepted

as evidence of good moral character required by law, and he shall comply with

the other requirements of the naturalization law."

* * * * * * * Approved. May 9, 1918.

AN ACT To amend section* three, title one, of the Act entitled "An Act to punish acts of

interference with the forei^:n, relations, the neutrality, and the foreifin commerce of

the United States, to punish espionage, and better to enforce the criminal laws of the

United States, and for other purposes," approved June fifteenth, nineteen hundred and

seventeen, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United

States of America in Congress assembled. That section three of title one of the

Act entitled "An Act to punish acts of interference with the foreign relations,

the neutrality, and the foreign commerce of the United States, to punisli

espionage, and better to enforce the criminal laws of tlie United States, and for
ACTS; OF CONGRESS. 367

other purposes," approved June fifteenth, nineteen hundred and seventeen, be,

and the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows

:

" Sec. 3. ^yhoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully make

or convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the

operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States, or to

promote the success of its enemies, or shall willfully make or convey false re- ports or false statements, or say or do anything except by way of bona fide and

not disloyal advice to an investor or investors, with intent to obstruct the sale by

the United States of bonds or other securities of the United States or the making

of loans by or to the United States, and whoever, when the United States is at

war, shall willfully cause, or attempt to cause, or incite or attempt to incite,

insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty, in the military or naval

forces of the United States, or shall willfully obstruct or attempt to obstruct the

recruiting or enlistment service of the United States, and whoever, when the

United States is at war, shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government

of the United States, or the Constitution of the United States, or the military or naval forces of the United States, or the flag of the United State's, or the

uniform of the Army or Navy of the United States, or any language intended to

bring reform of government of the United States, or the Constitution of the United

States, or the military or naval forces of the United States, or the flag of the

United States, or the uniform of the Army or Navy of the United States into con- tempt, scorn, contumely, or disrepute, or shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish any language intended to incite, provoke, or encourage resistance to the United

States, or to promote the cause of its enemies, or shall willfully display the flag of

any foreign enemy, or shall willfully by utterance, writing, printing, publication, or language spoken, urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production in

this country of any thing or things, product or products, necessary or essential

to the prosecution of the war in which the United States may be engaged, with

intent by such curtailment to cripple or hinder the United States in the prosecution of the war, and whoever shall willfully advocate, teach, defend, or suggest the doing of any of the acts or things in this section enumerated, and whoever shall by word or act support or favor the cause of any country with which

the United States is at war or by word or act oppose the cause of the United

States therein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both : Provided, That any employee or

official of the United States Government who commits any disloyal act or

utters any unpatriotic or disloyal language, or who, in an abusive and violent

manner criticizes the Army or Navy or the flag of the United States shall be

at once dismissed from the service. Any such employee shall be dismissed by

the head of the department in which the employee may be engaged, and any

such official shall be dismissed by the authority having power to appoint a suc- cessor to the dismissed official."

Sec. 2. That section one of Title XII and all other provisions of the Act entitled "An Act to punish acts of interference with the foreign relations, the

neutrality, and the foreign commerce of the United States, to punish espionage,

and better to enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and for other purposes," approved June fifeenth, nineteen hundred and seventeen, which apply

to section three of Title I thereof shall apply with equal force and effect to said

section three as amended.

Title XII of the said Act of June fifteenth, nineteen hundred and seventeen,

be, and the same is hereby, amended by adding thereto the following section

:

" Sec. 4. When the United States is at war, the Postmaster General may,

upon evidence satisfactory to him that any person or concern is using the mails

in violation of any of the provisions of this Act, instruct the postmaster at any

post office at which mail is received addressed to such person or concern to return

to the postmaster at the office at which they were originally mailed all letters or other matter so addressed, with the words ' Mail to this address undeliverable

under Espionage Act ' plainly written or stamped upon the outside thereof, and

all such letters or other matter so returned to such postmasters shall be by them

returned to the senders thereof under such regulations as the Postmaster General

may prescribe."

Approved, May 16, 1918.
368 THE PANAMA CANAL.

AN ACT To prevent in time of war departure from or entry into the United States con- trary to the public safety.

Be it enacted ty the Senate and Hotise of Representatives of the United States

of America in Congress assemhled, That when the United States is at wiir, if the President shall find that the public safety requires that restrictions and prohibitions in addition to those provided otherwise than by this Act be imposed

upon the departure of persons from and their entry into the United States, and

shall make public proclamation thereof, it shall, until otherwise ordered by the

President or Congress, be unlawful

(cf) For any alien to depart from or enter or attempt to depart from or enter

the United States except under such reasonable rules, ref-julatioi:!s. and orders,

and subject to such limitations and exceptions as the Presi<leut shall prescribe

;

(6) For any person to transport or attempt to transport from or into the

United States another person with knowledge or reasonable ca nse to believe that

the departure or entry of such other person is forbidden by this Act;

(c) For any person knowingly to make any false statement in an application

for permission to depart from or enter the United States with intent to induce

or secure the granting of such permission either for himself or for another

;

(d) For any person knowingly to furnish or attempt to furnish or assist in

furnishing to another a permit or evidence of permission to depart or enter not

issued and designed for such other person's use

;

(e) For any person knowingly to use or attempt to use any permit or evidence of permission to depart or enter not issued and designed for his nse:

(/) For any person to forge, counterfeit, mutilate, or alter, or cause or pro- cure to be forged, counterfeited, mutilated, or altered, any permit or evidence of

permission to depart from or enter the United States

;

(g) For any person knowingly to iise or attempt to use or furnish to another

for use any false, forged, counterfeited, mutilated, or altered permir, or evidence

of permission, or any permit or evidence of permission which, though originally

valid, has become or been made void or invalid.

Sec. 2. That after such proclamation as is provided for" by the preceding

section has been made and published and while said proclamation is in force, it shall, except as otherwise provided by the President, and subject to such limitations and exceptions as the President may authorize and prescribe, be unlawful

for any citizen of the United States to depart from or enter or attempt to depart

from or enter the United States unless he bears a valid passport.

Sec. 3. That any person who shall willfully violate any of the provisions of

this Act, or of any order or proclamation of the President promulgated, or of

any permit, rule, or regulation issued thereunder, shall, upon conviction, be fined

not more than $10,000, or, if a natural person, imprisoned for not more than

twenty years, or both ; and the officer, director, or agent of any corporation who

knowingly participates in such violation shall be punished by like fine or imprisonment, or both ; and any vehicle or any vessel, together with its or lier

appurtenances, equipment, tackle, apparel, and furniture, concerned in any such

violation, shall be forfeited to the United States.

Sec. 4. That the' term " United States " as used in this Act includes the Canal

Zone and all territory and waters, continental oi insular, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

The word " person " as used herein shall be deemed to mean any individual,

partnership, association, company, or other unincorporated body of individuals, or corporation, or body politic.

Vpproved, May 22, 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations to supply additional urgent deficiencies in appropriations

for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, on account of war expenses and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States

of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated,

out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to supply additional urgent deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June

thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, on account of war exr)enses and for

other purposes, namely

:

* !|: * * * « * PANAMA CANAL.

For sanitation, quarantine, hospitals, and medical aid and support of the

insane and of lepers, and aid and support of indigent persons legally within the
ACTS OF CONGRESS. 369

Canal Zone, including expenses of their deportation when practicable, and

including additional compensation to any oflicer of the United States Public

Health Service detailed with the Panama Canal as chief quarantine ofhcer,

$150,000, to continue available until expended.

-ft *(* T* f* *F ^ ^» Appi'oved, June 4, 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the

fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, and for other

purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives oj the United States

of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated,

out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the fiscal

year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, namely

:

* * * * * * • * WAR DEPARTMENT.

QUARTERMASTER CORPS.

i: ****** * Disposition of remains of officers, soldiers, civilian employees, and so forth:

For interment, or of preparation and transportation to their homes or to such

national cemeteries as may be designated by proper authority, in the discretion

of the Secretary of War, of the remains of officers, cadets. United States Military Academy, including acting assistant surgeons and enlisted men in active

service; interment, or of preparation and transportation to their homes, of the

remains of civil employees of the Army in the employ of the War Department

who die abroad, in Alaska, in the Canal Zone, or on Army transports, * * * $250,000: Provided, That during the continuance of the present war the above

provisions shall be applicable in the cases of officers and enlisted men on the

retired list of the Army who have died or may hereafter die while on active

duty by proper assignment.

it! ***** * DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.

SAINT ELIZABETHS HOSPITAL.

For support, clothing, and treatment in Saint Elizabeths Hospital of the in- sane from the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, inmates of the National

Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, persons charged with or convicted of

crimes against the United States who are insane, all persons who have become

insane since their entry into the military and naval service of the United States,

civilians in the quartermaster's service of the Army, persons transferred from

the Canal Zone, who have been admitted to the hospital and who are indigent, * * * $426,750;

* * * * « * * :::»***** DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.

******* COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY.

Field expenses : For surveys and necessary resurveys of the Atlantic and

Gulf coasts of the United States, including tlie coasts of outlying islands

under the judisdiction of the United States: Provided, That not more than

$45,000 of this amount shall be expended on the coasts of said outlying islands,

and the Atlantic entrance -to the Panama Canal, $101,500

;

*******
370 THE PANAMA- CANAL.

THE PANAMA CANAL.

For every expenditure requisite for and incident to the maintenance and

operation, sanitation, and civil government of the Panama Canal and Canal

Zone, including the following: Compensation of all officials and employees, including $1,000 additional compensation to the Auditor for the War Department for extra services in auditing accounts for the Panama Canal ; foreign

and domestic newspapers and periodicals ; law books not exceeding $500 ; textbooks and boolvs of reference ; printing and binding, including printing of annual

reports ; rents and personal services in the District of Columbia ; purchase or exchange of typewriting, adding, and other machines ; purchase or exchange,

maintenance, repair, and operation of motor-propelled and horse-drawn passenger-carrying vehicles; claims for damages to vessels passing through the

locks of the Panama Canal, as authorized by the Panama Canal Act ; claims for

losses of or damages to property arising from the conduct of authorized busi- ness operations; claims for damages to property arising from the maintenance

and operation, sanitation, and civil government of the Panama Canal ; acquisition of land and land under water, as authorized in the Panama Canal Act;

expenses occurred in assembling, assorting, storing, repairing, and selling

material, machinery, and equipment heretofore or hereafter purchased or ac- quired for the construction of the Panama Canal which are unserviceable or no longer needed, to be reimbursed from the proceeds of such sales ; expenses

incident to conducting hearings and examining estimates for appropriations on

the Isthmus; expenses incident to any emergency arising because of calamity

by flood, fire, pestilence, or like character not foreseen or otherwise provided

for herein; per diem allowance in lieu of subsistence, when prescribed by the

Governor of the Panama Canal, to persons engaged in field work or traveling on official business, pursuant to section thirteen of the sundry civil appropriation Act approved August first, nineteen hundred and fourteen; and for such

other expenses not in the United States as the Governor of the Panama Canal

may deem necessary best to promote the maintenance and operation, sanitation and civil government of the Panama Canal, all to be expended under the

direction of the Governor of the Panama Canal and accounted for as follows

:

For maintenance and operation of the Panama Canal, salary of the governor,

$10,000; purchase, inspection, delivery, handling, and storing of material, supplies, and equipment for issue to all departments of the Panama Canal, the

Panama Railroad, other branches of the United States Government, and for

authorized sales, payment in lump sums of not exceeding the amounts authorized by the injury compensation Act approved September seventh, nineteen

hundred and sixteen, to alien cripples who are now a charge upon the Panama

Canal by reason of injuries sustained while employed in the construction of. the Panama Canal, $9,000,000, together with all moneys arising from the con- duct of business operations authorized by the Panama Canal Act

;

For sanitation, quarantine, hospitals, and medical aid and support of the

insane and of lepers, and aid and support of indigent persons legally within

the Canal Zone, including expenses of their deportation when practicable, and

including additional compensation to any officer of the United States Public

Health Service detailed with the Panama Canal as chief quarantine officer,

$900,000

;

For civil government of the Panama Canal and Canal Zone, salaries of district judge $6,000, district attorney $5,000, marshal $5,000, and for gratuities

and necessary clothing for indigent discharged prisoners, $750,000;

In all, $10,650,000, to be immediately available and to continue availableuntil expended.

Except in cases of emergency, or conditions arising subsequent to and unforeseen at the time of submitting the annual estimates to Congress, and except

for those employed in connection with the construction of permanent quarters,

offices, and other necessary buildings, dry docks, repair shops, yards, docks,

wharves, warehouses, storehouses, and other necessary facilities and appurte- nances for the purpose of pi'oviding coal and other materials, labor, repairs,

and supplies, and except for the permanent operating organization under which

the compensation of the various positions is limited by section four of the Panama Canal Act, there shall not be employed at any time during the fiscal year

nineteen hundred and nineteen under any of the foregoing appropriations for

the Panama Canal, any greater number of persons than are specified in the

notes submitted, respectively, in connection with the estimates for each of

said appropriations in the annual Book of Estimates for said year, nor shall
ACTS OF CONGRESS. 371

there be paid to any such person during that fiscal year any greater rate of

compensation than was authorized to be paid to persons occupying the same

or lilie positions on the first day of July, nineteen hundred and seventeen ; and

all employments made or compensation increased because of emergencies or

conditions so arising shall be specifically set forth, with the reasons therefor,

by the governor in his report for the fiscal year nineteen hundred and nineteen.

In addition to the foregoing sums there is appropriated, for the fiscal year

nineteen hundred and nineteen for expenditure and reinvestment under the

several heads of appropriation aforesaid without being covered into the Treasury of the United States, all moneys received by the Panama Canal from services rendered or materials and supplies furnished to the United States, the

Panama Railroad Company, the Canal Zone government, or to their employees,

respectively, or to the Panama Government, from hotel and hospital supplies

and services; from rentals, wharfage, and like services; from labor, materials

and supplies and other services furnished to vessels other than those passing

through the canal ; and to others unable to obtain the same elsewhere ; from

the sale of scrap and other byproducts of manufacturing and shop operations;

from the sale of obsolete and unserviceable materials, supplies, and equipment

purchased or acquired for the operation, maintenance, protection, sanitation,

and government of the canal and Canal Zone; and any net profits accruing

from such business to the Panama Canal shall annually be covered into the

Treasury of the United States.

In addition there is appropriated for the operation, maintenance, and extension of waterworks, sewers, and pavements in the cities of Panama and Colon,

during the fiscal year nineteen hundred and nineteen, the necessary portions of

such sums as shall be paid as water rentals or directly by the Government of

Panama for such expenses.

Sec. 2. That all sums appropriated by this Act for salaries of officers and

employees of the Government shall be in full for such salaries for the fiscal

year nineteen hundred and nineteen, and all laws or parts of laws to the extent

they are in conflict with the provisions of this Act are repealed.

Approved, July 1, 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June

thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United

States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and they are hereby, appropriated, to be paid out of any money in the Treasury not

otherwise appropriated, for the naval service of the Government for the year

ending

*******

June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, and for other purposes:

(a) That the word "person" as used In paragraph (b), (c), next hereafter

shall include any individual, trustee, firm, association, company, or corporation.

The word " ship " shall include any boat, vessel, submarine, or any form of

aircraft, and the parts thereof. The words " war material " shall include

arms, armament, annuunition, stores, supplies, and equipment for ships and airplanes, and everything required for or in connection with the production

thereof. The word " factory " shall include any factory, workshop, engine

works, building used for manufacture, assembling, construction, or any process,

and any shipyard or dockyard. The words "United States" shall include the

Canal Zone and all territory and waters, continental and insular, subject to

the jurisdiction of the United States.

(b) The President is hereby authorized and empowered, within the limits

of the amounts appropriated therefor

:

First. To place an order with any person for such ships or war material

as the necessities of the Government, to be determined by the President, may

require and which are of the nature, kind, and quantity usually produced or

capable of being produced by such person. Compliance with all such orders

shall be obligatory on any person to whom such order is given, and such order

shall take precedence over all other orders and contracts theretofore placed

with such person. If any person owning, leasing, or operating any factory

equipped for the building or production of ships or war material for the

Navy shall refuse or fail to give to the United States such preference in the

execution of such an order, or shall refuse to build, supply, furnish, or manufac86372°—18 25
372 THE PANAMA CANAL.

ture the kind, quantity, or quality of sliips of war materials so ordered at such

reasonable price as shall be determined by the President, the President may

take immediate possession of any factory of such person, or of any part thereof

without taking possession . of the entire factory, and may use the same at such

times and in such manner as he may consider necessary or expedient.

Second. Within the limit of the amounts appropriated therefor, to modify

or cancel any existing contract for the building, production, or purchase of

ships or war material ; and if any contractor shall refuse or fail to comply

with the contract as so modified, the President may take immediate possession

of any factory of such contractor, or any part thereof without taking possession of the entire factory, and may use the same at such times and in such

manner as he may consider necessary or expedient.

Third. To require the owner or occupier of any factory in which ships or war material are built or produced to place at the disposal of the United

States the whole or any part of the output of such factory, and within the

limit of the amounts appropriated therefor, to deliver such output or parts

thereof in such quantities and at such times as may be specified in the order

at such reasonable price as shall be determined by the President.

Fourth. To requisition and take over for use or operation by the Government any factory, or any part thereof, without taking possession of the entire

factory, whether the United States has or has not any contract with the owner

or occupier of such factory.

That all authority granted to the President herein or by him delegated shall cease six montlis after a final treaty of peace shall be proclaimed between this

Government and the German Empire.

(d) That whenever the United States shall cancel or modify any contract,

make use of, assume, occupy, requisition, or take over any factory or part

thereof, or any ships or war material, in accordance with the provisions of

paragraph (b), it shall make just compensation therefor, to be determined by

the President, and if the amount thereof so determined by the President is

unsatisfactory to the person entitled to receive the same, such person shall be

paid seventy-five per centum of the amount so determined by the President

and shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such further sum as added to said seventy-five per centum shall make up such amount as will be

just compensation therefor, in the manner provided for by section twentyfour, paragraph twenty, and section one hundred and forty-five of the Judicial

Code.

* * * * 4! 4:"4e

Approved, July 1, 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations for the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of

the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States

of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated,

out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, in full compensation for the service of the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred

and nineteen, namely

:

NAVY DEPARTMENT.

HYDBOGKAPHIC OFFICE.

* Ht > li: 4: * * * Contingent expenses of branch offices at Boston, New York, Philadelphia,

Baltimore, Norfolk, Savannah, New Orleans, San Francisco, Portland (Oregon),

Portland (Maine), Chicago, Cleveland, Buffalo, Duluth, Sault Sainte Marie,

Seattle, Panama, and Galveston, including furniture, fuel, lights, works, and

periodicals relating to hydrography, marine meteorology, navigation, surveying,

oceanography, and terrestrial magnetism, stationery, miscellaneous articles,

rent, and care of offices, care of time balls, car fare and ferriage in visiting mer- chant vessels, freight and express charges, telegrams, and other necessary ex- penses incurred in collecting the latest information for pilot charts, and for

other

*******

purposes for which the offices were established, $12,500.
ACTS OF CONGRESS. 373

Sec. 6. Tliat all civilian employees of the Governments of the United States

and the District of Columbia who receive a total of compensation at the rate of

$2,500 per annum or less, except as otherwise provided in this section, shall

receive, during the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and

nineteen, additional compensation at the rate of $120 per annum : Provided, That

such employees as receive a total of annual compensation at a rate more than

$2,500 and less than $2,620 shall receive additional compensation at such a rate

per annum as may be necessary to make their salaries, plus their additional

compensation, at the rate of $2,620 per annum, and no employee shall receive

additional compensation imder this section at a rate which is more than thirty

per centum of the rate of the total annual compensation received by such employee : Provided further. That the increased compensation at the rates of five

and ten per centum for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred

and eighteen, shall not be computed as salary in construing this section : Provided

further. That where an employee in the service on June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and setenteeu, has received during the fiscal year nineteen hundred and

eighteen, or shall receive during the fiscal year nineteen hundred and nineteen

an increase of salary at a rate in excess of $200 per annum, or where an employee whether previously in the service or not, has entered the service since

June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seventeen, whether such employee has

received an increase in salary or not, such employees shall be granted the increased compensation provided herein only when and upon the certification of

the person in the legislative branch or the head of the department or establishment employing such persons of the ability and qualifications personal to such

employees as would justif-y such increased compensation : Provided further, That

the increased compensation provided in this section to employees whose pay is

adjusted from time to time through wage boards or similar authority shall be

taken into consideration by such wage boards or similar authority in adjusting

the pay of such employees.

The provisions of this section shall not apply to the following : Employees paid

from the postal revenues and sums which may l)e advanced from the Treasury to

meet deficiencies in the postal revenues ; employees of the Panama Canal on the

Canal Zone

;

* ^ 4c 4c 4c 41 :|c Approved, July 3, 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June tliirtieth, nineteen hundred and eighteen, and prior fiscal years, on

account of war expenses, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senfite and House of Representatives of the Unitea

States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to

supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth,

nineteen hundred and eighteen, and prior fiscal years, on account of war

expenses, and for other purposes, namely

:

* ^ * * * iti t

MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT.

QUAETEEMASTEB COBPS.

* * * * * * 1|C Barracks and quarters : For barracks, quarters, stables, storehouses, magazines, administration and office buildings, sheds, shops, and other buildings

necessary for the shelter of troops, public animals, and stores, and for administration purposes, except those pertaining to the Coast Artillery

;

* * * * * " * 4: including $150,166.82 for services rendered and supplies furnished on the

Isthmus of Panama for the fiscal years nineteen hundred and seventeen and

nineteen hundred and eighteen, $27,767,860.32.

4: 4c 4; 4: 4; 4c 4c Roads, walks, wharves, and drainage : For the consti'uction and repair by the

Quartermaster Corps of roads, walks, and wharves; pay of employees; disposal

of drainage ; dredging channels ; and care and improvement of grounds at

military posts and stations, including $7,879.01 for services rendered and supplies furnished on the Isthmus of Panama for the fiscal years nineteen hundred and sixteen and nineteen hundred and seventeen, $7,177,183.01.

if . * * * ^ 4= =t=
374 THE PANAMA CANAL.

FORTIFICATIONS.

PANAMA CANAL.

For continuing the construction of barraclis, quarters, storehouses, and other

buildings, necessary for accommodating tlie troops stationed there, including

water, sewer, and lighting systems, roads, walks, and so forth, and for repairing and remodeling existing buildings to render them suitable for sheltering

troops, $71,220.70.

For land defenses, Panama Canal, including the procurement and installation

of searchlights, purchase of armored cars and locomotives, construction of

roads

*******

and surveys incidental thereto, .$1,600.

Approved, July 8, 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations for fortifications and other works of defense, for the

armament thereof, for the procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and

for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United

States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be available immediately and to continue available until expended, namely

:

FORTIFICATIONS AND OTHER WORKS OF DEFENSE

ENGINEEE DEPAETMENT.

* * * * * * * The unexpended balances of appropriations heretofore made for " installation

and replacement of electric-light and power plants at seacoast fortifications ", for " purchase and installation of searchlights for seacoast defenses, including

searchlights for antiaircraft defenses and accessories therefor," and for " purchase and installation of searchlights for seacoast defenses " in the United

States are consolidated and made available for the following purposes : For the

installation and replacement of electric-light and power plants at seacoast fortifications in the United States ; the purchase and installation of searchlights

for seacoast defenses in the United States, including searchlights for antiaircraft defenses and accessories therefor ; and the procurement and installation

of sound-ranging equipment for use in the United States, the insular possessions,

and the Panama Canal, and for salaries of electrical experts, engineers, and

other employees necessary to procure and install the same.

PANAMA CANAL FORTIFICATIONS.

For fortifications and armament thereof for the Panama Canal

:

For maintenance of cleasings and trails, .$30,000

;

For protection, preservation, and repair of fortifications, including structures

for torpedo defense, and for maintaining channels for access to torpedo wharves,

$25,000

;

For maintenance and repair of searchlights and electric light and power

equipment for fortifications, and for tools, electrical and other supplies, and appliances to be used in their operation, $15,000

;

For the construction of seacoast batteries, $210,000;

For the construction of sea walls and embankments, $63,000

;

For the purchase or reclamation of land required for the defense of the

Panama Canal, $1.55,000

;

For the purchase and installation of searchlights for the seacoast fortifications on the Canal Zone. $1.58,400

;

For the purchase and installation of electric light and power plants for the

seacoast fortifications on the Canal Zone, $17,000

;

For operation and maintenance of fire-control installations at seacoast defenses, $15,000;

For the construction of fire-control stations and the purchase and installation of accessories therefor, $342,888.85

;
ACTS OF CONGRESS. 375

For the purchase, manufacture, and test of ammunition for seacoast and land

defense cannon, including the necessary experiments in connection therewith,

and the machinery necessary for its manufacture, $470,000

;

The following portions of the unexpended balances of appropriations heretofore

made for fortification of the Panama Canal, respectively, shall be carried to the

surplus fund and covered into the Treasury, namely: $1,500,000 for the purchase, manufacture, and test of seacoast cannon for coast defense, and so forth

;

and $600,000 for the alteration, maintenance, and installation of the seacoast

artillery, and so forth; in all, $2,100,000;

Ordnance Depot : For facilities for fire protection, $3,000 ; telephone system,

$2,500; painting buildings to reduce their visibility, $7,000; fence surrounding

the depot reservation, $9,000; and additional for an office building, $3,000; in

all, $24,500;

For cantonment camp construction including necessary buildings, water and

sewer systems, roads, walks, and so forth, and for repairing and remodeling

existing buildings to render them suitable for sheltering troops, $500,000 : Provided, That the construction of buildings hereunder shall be performed under

the direction of the Governor of the Panama Canal

;

In all, specifically for fortifications and armament thereof for the Panama

Canal, $2,025,788.85.

BOARD OF ORDNANCE AND FORTIFICATION.

* * * * * :lti ili

Sec. 4. That expenditures for carrying out the provisions of this Act shall

not be made in such manner as to prevent the operation of the Government

arsenals at their most economical rate of production, except when a special

exigency requires the operation of a portion of an arsenal's equipment at a

different rate : Provided, That no part of the appropriations made in this Act

shall be available for the salary or pay of any oflicer, manager, superintendent, foreman, or other person having charge of the work of any employee

of the United States Government while making or causing to be made with

a stop watch or other time-measuring device a time study of any job of any

such employee between the starting and completion thereof, or of the movements of any such employee while engaged upon such work.

Approved, July 8, 1918.

AN ACT Providing for the protection of the uniform of friendly nations, and for other

purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United

States of America in Congress assembled, That it shall be unlawful for any

person, with intent to deceive or mislead, within the United States or Territories, possessions, waters, or places subject to the jurisdiction of the United

States, to wear any naval, military, police, or other official uniform, decoration, or regalia of any foreign State, nation, or Government with which the

United States is at peace, or any uniform, decoration, or regalia so nearly

resembling the same as to be calculated to deceive, unless such wearing thereof

be authorized by such State, nation, or Government.

Any person who violates the provisions of this Act shall upon conviction be

punished by a fine not exceeding $300 or imprisonment for not exceeding six

months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

Approved, July 8, 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations for the support of the Army for the fiscal year ending

June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen.

Be it enacted by the Senate and Hcnise of Representatives of the United

States of Ajnerica in Congress assembled. That the following sums be, and

they are hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise

appropriated, for the support of the Army for the year ending June thirtieth,

nineteen hundred and nineteen

:
376 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Pay, and so fobth, of the Akmy.

quaktebmasteb corps.

* * * * *' * * Housing of officers serving in the Canal Zone : Hereafter officers of tlie Army pertaining to the United- States troops serving in the Canal Zone shall

not be required to pay rent for the occupancy of houses of the Panama Canal

to which

*******

they may be assigned.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

Medical and Hospital Department : For the manufacture and purchase of

medical and hospital supplies, including gas masks, motor ambulances, and

motorcycles for medical service, their maintenance, repair, and operation, and

disinfectants, and the purchase and exchange of typewriting machines for

military posts, camps, hospitals, hospital ships, and ti'ansports, and supplies

required for mosquito destruction in and about the military posts in the Canal

Zone:

******* * * * $267,408,948.

Hospital care. Canal Zone garrisons : For paying the Panama Canal such

reasonable charges, exclusive of subsistence, as may be approved by the Secretary of War, for caring in its hospitals for ofticers, enlisted men, military

prisoners, and civilian employees of the Army admitted thereto upon the request

of proper military authority : Provided, That the subsistence of the said

patients, except commissioned officers, shall be paid to said hospitals out of

the appropriation for subsistence of the Army at the rates provided therein for

commutation of rations for enlisted patients in general hospitals, $60,000.

4: ***** * Approved, July 9, 1918.

AN ACT To confer "on the President power to prescribe charter rates and freight rates and to requisition vessels, and for other' purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United

States of Ameriea in Congress assembled, That when used in this Act

(a) The term "United States" includes any State, Territory, or District of

the United States, the insular possessions, the Canal* Zone, and all lands or waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

(b) The term "person" includes corporations!, partnerships, associations,

and States, municipalities, and other subdivisions thereof.

(c) Tlie term "charter" means any agreement, contract, lease, or commitment by which the possession or services of a vessel are secured for a period

of time, or for one or more voyages, whether or not a demise of the vessel.

Sec. 2. That the President may exercise the power and authority hereby

vested in him through such agency or agencies as he shall determine from time

to time.

Sec. 3. That all power and authority hereby vested in the President or by

him delegated and all restrictions imposed in this Act shall cease upon the

proclamation of the final treaty of peace between the United States and the

Imperial German (Jnvernment : Provided, That if, in the judgment of the President, the tonnage shortage at such time is so severe that national interests of

the United States are jeopardized, he may, by proclamation, extend the provisions of this Act for a further period of not exceeding six months.

Sec. 4. That the powers herein conferred shall be without prejudice to any

power heretofore conferred on the President, f)r by him delegated.

Sec. r*. That the President may, by proclamation, require that vessels of the

United States of any specified class or description, or in any specified trade or

trades, shall not be chartered unless the instrument in which such charter is embodied, and the rates, terms, and conditions tliereof are first approved by him.

Whenever any vessel is comprised in any such proclamation, it shall be unlawful to make any charter thereof, or comply with or perform any of the rates,

terms, or conditions of any charter thereof, or to operate such vessel under

any charter, without first obtaining the approval thereof by the President.
ACTS OF CO^GEESS. 377

Whenever any charter of such vessel is approved, it shall be unlawful, without the approval of the President first obtained, to make any alterations in

such charter, or additions thereto or deletions therefi'om, or to make or receive

any payment or do any act with respect to such vessel, except in accordance

with such charter.

Sec. 6. That the President shall have power to determine, prescribe, and

enforce reasonable freight rates and the terms and conditions of alTreishtment

which shall govern the transportation of goods on vessels of the United States,

which shall be filed with the United States Shipping Board and open to public

inspection. It shall be unlawful to charge or collect any compensation for the

transportation of goods on any such vessel, or to enforce or attempt to enforce

any terms or conditions of affreightment, or to make or receive any payment or do any act with respect to such transportation, not in accordance with the rates,

terms, and conditions so prescribed, anything in any contract, whether heretofore or hereafter made, to the contrary notwithstanding.

Sec. 7. That the President shall have power to prescribe the order of priority

in which goods shall be carried or other services performed by any vessel of the

United States and to specify goods which* shall be carried or to direct the voyage

or employment of any such vessel and to make such rules, regulations, and

orders, with respect to any such vessel, relating to the loading, discharging,

lighterage, or storage of goods, or the procurement of bunker fuel, or any

other matter relating to the receiving, handling, transporting, storing, or delivering of goods, as may in his judgment be necessary and proper for the efficient

utilization of transportation facilities and the effective conduct of the war.

Sec. 8. That the President may by proclamation extend the provisions of sec- tions five, six, and seven, or any of them, to any vessel of foreign nationality

under charter to a citizen of the United States or other person subject to the

jurisdiction thereof.

Sec. 9. That the President shall have power to make such rules, regulations, and orders regarding voyages, courses, the iise of protective devices, and

any other matters affecting the navigation, equipment, fueling, painting, or arming of vessels of the United States as may, in his judgment, be conducive

to the protection of such vessels from submarines, mines, or other war perils,

any expense so incurred to be allowed for in determining freight and t!harter

rates under this Act. If in his judgment any vessel or class of vessels on account

of size, speed, structure, method of propulsion, or for any other reason is unfit

for service in any waters whicli he may declare to be a danger zone, he may,

by order, exclude such vessel or vessels from such danger zone. It shall be

unlawful to violate any order, rule, or regulation made under this section,

liules, regulations, or orders issued under this section may, in the discretion of

the President, be issued confidentially, in which event they shall be binding only on such persons as have notice thereof.

Sec 10. That the President may by proclamation require that no citizen of

the United States, or other person subject to the jurisdiction thereof, shall

charter any vessel of foreign nationality unless the instrument in which such

charter is embodied and the rates, terms, and conditions thereof are first approved by the President. After the making of such proclamation it shall be

unlawful for any such citizen or person to make any charter of any such vessel, or comply with or perform any of the rates, terms, or conditions of any charter

thereof, or to operate any such vessel under any charter, without first obtaining

the approval thereof by the President.

Whenever any such charter is approved it shall be unlawful, without the approval of the President first obtained, to make any alterations in such charter

oi' additions thereto or deletions therefrom, or to make or receive any payment or do any act with respect to such vessel, except in accordance with such charter.

Sec. 11. That the President shall have power to requisition for military purposes, or for any other national purpose connected with or arising out of the

present war, the temporary possession of any vessel, or, without taking actual

possession, to requisition the services of any vessel and to require the person

entitled to the possession thereof to issue to the master such instructions as may

be necessary to place the vessel at the service of the United States.

Upon requisitioning such possession or services, or as soon thereafter as the

exigencies of the situation may permit, the President shall transmit to the

person entitled to the possession of such vessel a charter setting forth the terms

which, in his judgment, should govern the relations between the United States

and such person and a statement of the rental or rate of hire which, in his judgment, will be just compensation for the use of such vessel and for the services
378 THE PANAMA CANAL.

required under the terms of such charter. If such person does not execute and

deliver such charter and accept such rental or rate of hire, the President shall

pay to such person a sum equal to seventy-five per centum of such rental or rate of hire as the same may from time to time be due under the terms of the

charter, and such person shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such further sum as added to such seventy-five per centum will make up such

amount as will be just compensation for the use of the vessel and for the services

required. In the event of loss of or damage to such vessel, due to the operation

of a risk assumed by the United States under the terms of such charter (in the

event that no valuation of such vessel or mode of compensation has been agreed

to), the United States shall pay just compensation for such loss or damage, to

be determined by the President ; and if the amount so determined Is not satisfactory to the person entitled to receive just compensation, the President shall

pay to such person seventy-five per centum of the amount so determined, and

such person shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such further

sum as added to such seventy-five per centum will make up such amount as will

be just compensation.

Sec. 12. That the President shall have power to prescribe the order of priority

in which persons in possession of dry docks, wharves, lighterage systems, or loading or discharging terminal facilities in any port of the United States, or warehouses, equipment or terminal railways connected therewith, shall serve

vessels and shippers, and to determine, prescribe, and enforce the rates, terms,

and conditions charged or required for the furnishing of such services, including

stevedoring and handling of cargo, and the handling, dispatching, and bunkering

of vessels, and to make such rules and regulations with respect to the conduct

of any such business as may be necessary and proper. It shall be unlawful to charge, collect, or claim any compensation, or to enforce or attempt to enforce

any terms or conditions, or to make or receive any payment or do any act, with

respect to any such service not in accordance with the rates, terms, and conditions so prescribed, any thing in any contract, whether heretofore or hereafter

made, to the contrary notwithstanding.

Sec. 13. That the President shall have power to lease or requisition the use or temporary possession of, or to assume temporary control of, any dry docks,

wharves, or loading or discharging terminal facilities, in any port of the United

States, or warehouses, equipment, or terminal railways connected therewith.

Whenever the President requisitions or assumes control of any such property, the United States shall pay just compensation therefor, to be determined

by the President. If the amount so determined is not satisfactory to the per- son entitled to receive just compensation, the President shall pay to such

person seventy-five per centum of the amount so determined and such person

shall be entitled to sue the United States to recover such further sum as added to such seventy-five per centum will make up such amount as will be

just compensation.

Whenever the President acquires by purchase, lease, or requisition, or as- sumes control of any such property immediate possession may be taken thereof

to the extent of the interest acquired therein, and such property may be immediately occupied and used without regard to the provisions of section three

hundred and fifty-five of the Revised Statutes.

Nothing in this section shall authorize the President to requisition the title to any such property owned by any State, municipality, or subdivision thereof.

Sec. 14. That whenever by this Act permission is given to sue the United

States such suit shall be brought in the manner provided in section twentyfour, paragraph twenty, and section one hundred and forty-five of the Judicial

Code.

Sec. 15. That all vessels of which the possession or services are requisitioned under this Act, and all dry docks, wharves, loading or discharging ter- minal facilities, warehouses, equipment, or terminal railways, of which the

President may acquire the title or possession or of which he may assume control under this Act, may be operated and managed as the President may from

time to time direct. The net proceeds derived from any activity authorized

in this Act or the joint resolution of May twelfth, nineteen hundred and seventeen (Public Numbered Two), or the division entitled "Emergency shipping fund " of the Act of June fifteenth, nineteen hundred and seventeen (Public Numbered Twenty-three), shall be deposited in the Treasury in a separate

and distinct fund and may be expended by the President in carrying out the

purposes of this Act, and within the limits of the amounts heretofore or hereafter authorized, for the construction, requisitioning, or purchasing of vessels

:
ACTS' OF CONGRESS. 379

Provided, That none of the provisions of this Act shall apply to vessels plying

exclusively on the inland rivers and canals of the United States.

Sec, 16. That whoever does or attempts to do anything in this Act declared

to be unlawful, or willfully violates any rule, regulation, or order is.sued under

authority conferred herein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or both : Provided, That the

district court of the Canal Zone shall have jurisdiction of offenses committed

against the provisions of this Act within the Canal Zone.

Sec. 17. That if any provision of this Act, or the application of such provision to certain circumstances, is held unconstitutional, the remainder of the

Act, and the application of such provision to circumstances other than those as to wlijch it is held unconstitutional, shall not be affected thereby.

Approved, July 18. 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations for the Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year

ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen.

Be it enacted hy tlie Senate and House of R'epresentatives of the United

States of America in Congress assembled. That the following sums be, and they are hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury of the United

States not otherwise appropriated, in full compensation for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nineteen, for the purposes and objects

hereinafter expressed, namely

:

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. *******

WEATHEE BUEEAU.

General expenses. Weather Bureau : For carrying into effect in the District

of Columbia and elsewhere in the United States, in the West Indies, in the

Panama Canal, the Caribbean Sea, and on adjacent coasts, in the Hawaiian

Islands, in Bermuda, and in Alaska, the provisions of an Act approved October

first, eighteen hundred and ninety, so far as they relate to the weather service

transferred thereby to the Department of Agriculture,

* « * * * * * Total

*******

for Weather Bureau. $1,912,930.

Approved, October 1, 1918.

AN ACT Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year

ending June .30, 1919, and prior fiscal years, on account of war expenses, and for

other purposes.

Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of R''epresentatives of the United

States of America in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to supply

deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, and prior

fiscal ye*ars. on account of war expenses, and for other purposes, namely

:

*******

FORTIFICATIONS.

PANAMA CANAL.

For the purchase, manufacture, and test of ammunition for seacoast and land

defense cannon, including the necessary experiments in connection therewith,

and the machinery necessary for its manufacture, $350,000.

For purchase of submarine mines and nets and the necessary appliances to operate them for closing the channels leading to the Panama Canal, .$2,000, to

be available for the fiscal years 1918 and 1919.

For alteration, maintenance, and repair of submarine-mine material, $6,866,

to be

*******

available for the fiscal years 1918 and 1919.

Approved, November 4. 1918.
380 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Executive Ordeb.

By direction of the President, it is ordered

:

That the Executive Order dated September 14, 1917, fixing the compensation

of Burt New and George 'A. Connolly, members of the Joint Commission for the

appraisement and settlement of damages to property in the Canal Zone, is hereby amended so as to permit the payment to Messrs. New and Connolly of

their salaries of Twenty-five Dollars ($25) per day, including all expenses,

effective November 8, 1917, regardless of the date of their sailing from New

York. This Order is issued in view of the fact that, in accordance with my

instructions, Messrs. New and Connolly have to-day reported in Washington for

duty in connection with their services as members of the Joint Commission.

Newton D. Baker,

Secretary of War.

War Department,

Washington, D. C, November 8, 1917.

Proclamation.

Whereas the Congress of the United States in the exercise of the constitutional authority vested in them have resolved, by joint resolution of the Senate

and House of Representatives bearing date of April 6th, 1917. " That the state

of war between the United States and the Imperial German Government which

has been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared "

;

Whereas it is provided by Section four thousand and sixty-seven of the

Revised Statutes, as follows;

Whenever there is declared a war between the United States and any

foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion is

perpetrated, attempted or threatened against the territory of the United

States, by any foreign nation or government, and the President makes

public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being males of the age of fourteen years and upwards, who shall be \\ithin the United States, and not

actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured,

and removed, as alien enemies. The President is authorized, in any such

event, by his proclamation thereof, or other public act, to direct the con- duct to be observed, on the part of the United States, toward the aliens

who become so liable; the manner and degree of the restraint to which

they shall be subject, and in what cases, and upon what security their

residence shall be permitted, and to provide for the removal of those who,

not being permitted to reside within the United States, refuse or neglect

to depart therefrom; and to establish any other regulations which are found necessary in the premises and for the public safety

;

Wherfas, by Section four thousand and sixty-eight, four thousand and sixtynine, and four thousand and seventy, of the Revised Statutes, further provision

is made relative to alien enemies;

And Whereas, by a proclamation dated April 6th, 1917, I declared and established certain regulations prescribing the conduct of alien enemies;

Now, THEREFORE, I. WooDROw WiLsoN, President of the United States of

America, pursuant to the authority vested in me, hereby declare and 'establish

the following regulations, additional and supplemental to those declared and

established by said proclamation of April 6th, 1917, which additional and

supplemental regulations I find necessary in the premises and for the public

safety

:

13. An alien enemy shall not approach or be found within one hundred

yards of any canal ; nor within one hundred yards of any wharf, pier or dock used d'irectly by or by means of lighters by any vessel or vessels of over five hundred (500) tons gross engaged in foreign or domestic trade

other than fishing; nor within one hundred yards of any warehouse, shed,

elevator, railroad terminal or other terminal, storage or transfer facility

adjacent to or operated in connection with any such wharf, pier or dock;

and wherever the distance between any two of such wharves, piers or

docks, measui-ed along the shore line connecting them, is less than eight

hundred and eighty yards, an alien enemy shall not approach or be found

within one hundred vards of such shore line.

14. Whenever the Attorney General of the United States deems it to be

necessary, for the public safety and the protection of transportation, to
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 381

exclude alien enemies from tlie vicinity of any warehouse, elevator or

railroad depot, yard or terminal which is not located within any prohibited area designated by this proclamation or the proclamation of April 6th,

1917, then an alien enemy shall not approach or be found within such distance of any such warehouse, elevator, depot, yard or terminal as may be

specified by the Attorney General by regulation duly made and declared

by him ; and the Attorney General is hereby authorized to fix, by regulations to be made and declared "from time to time, the area surrounding

any such warehouse, elevator, depot, yard or terminal from which he deems

it necessary, for the public safety and the protection of transportation to

exclude alien enemies.

15. An alien enemy shall not, except on public ferries, be found on any

ocean, bay, river or other waters within three miles of the shore line of

the United States or its territorial possessions ; said shore line for the

purpose of this proclamation being hereby defined as the line of sea coast

and the shores of all waters of the United States and its territorial possessions connected with the high seas and navigable by ocean going vessels

;

nor on any of the Great Lakes, their connecting waters or harbors, within

the boundaries of the United States.

16. No alien enemy shall ascend into the air in any airplane, balloon,

airship, or flying machine.

17. An alien enemy shall not enter or be found within the District of

Columbia.

18. An alien enemy shall not enter or be found within the Panama Canal

Zone.

19. All alien enemies are hereby required to register at such times and

places and in such manner as may be fixed by the Attorney General of the

United States and the Attorney General is hereby authorized and directed

to provide, as speedily as may be practicable, for registration of all alien

enemies and for the issuance of registration cards to alien enemies and to

make and declare such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary for

effecting such registration ; and all alien enemies and all other persons are hereby required to comply with such rules and regulations ; and the Attorney General in carrying out such registration, is hereby authorized to utilize

such agents, agencies, officers and departments of the United States and of

the several states, territories, dependencies and municipalities thereof and

of the District of Columbia as he may select for the purpose, and all such

agents, agencies, ofiicers and departments are hereby granted full authority

for all acts done by them in the execution of this regulation when acting

by the direction of the Attorney General. After the date fixed by the

Attorney General for such registration, an alien enemy shall not be found

within the limits of the United States, its territories or possessions, without

having his registration card on his person.

20. An alien enemy shall not change his place of abode or occupation or otherwise travel or move from place to place without full compliance vpith

any such regulations as the Attorney General of the United States may,

from time to time, make and declare ; and the Attorney General is hereby

authorized to make and declare, from time to time, such regulations con- cerning the movements of alien enemies as he may deem necessary in the

px-emises and for the public safety, and to provide in such regulations for

monthly, weekly or other periodical report by alien enemies to federal, state or local authorities ; and all alien enemies shall report at the times and

places and to the authorities specified in such regulations.

This proclamation and the regulations herein contained shall extend and

apply to all lands and water, continental or insular, in any way within the

jurisdiction of the United States.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of

the United States to be affixed.

Done in the District of Columbia, this sixteenth day of November, in the year

of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and seventeen, and of the

[seal] independence of the United States the one hundred and forty-second.

WooDROW Wilson.

By the President

:

Frank L. Polk,

Acting Secretary of State.

[No. 1408.]
382 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Executive Ordeb.

Clause (a), paragraph 8 of Civil Service Rule X, relating to an employee

proposed for transfer, is hereby amended to read as follows

:

(a) He must have served for a term of three years in an executive department or independent establishment at Washington, as required by law,

before transfer to another such department or establislnnent. The same re- striction shall apply to all other transfers, but may be waived upon a statement of reasons satisfying the Commission that a transfer is necessary in

the interest of the service. In any case he must have received absolute

appointment and have actually served at least six months next preceding

the transfer; but the Commission may waive this latter requirement in cases of transfer from the Isthmus of Panama or where the person has been

separated within a year from a competitive position after six months' service therein, upon the certificate of the proper officer that the separation was

caused by necessary reduction of force and not by inefficiency, and may

allow transfer to any other department or office upon his passing an examination prescribed by the Commission testing his efficiency for the position

to which his transfer is proposed, subject to the other provisions of this

rule.

WooDBow Wilson.

The White House, 10 November, 1917.

[No. 2753.]

Executive Obdee.

Regulations Establishing Maximum Rates of Fare and Governing Transportation of

Passengers for Hire in the Canal Zone. By virtue of the authority vested in the President by the Act of Congress

approved August 21, 1916, and mutual agreement having been heretofore made

with the Republic of Panama touching the reciprocal use of the highways of

the Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama, as by said Act authorized, the

following regulations establishing maximum rates of fare and governing the

transportation of passengers for hire by horsedrawn and self-propelled vehicles over the highways of the Canal Zone, and between points in said Canal Zone

and the cities of Panama and Colon, in the Republic of Panama, are hereby

established

:

Section 1. Charges over the scheduled routes herein set forth shall be based on the fare in United States currency for one adult passenger as set forth in

Schedules A and B, hereto attached and made a part hereof, wherein the fare,

except as otherwise therein stated, between any point named in the column at

the left to any point named in the column at the top is the amount appearing

at the point where the lateral column of figures extending to the right from a

point named in the column at the left meets the perpendicular column of figures

extending downward from a point named in the column at the top. Between

points not scheduled in said columns the fare shall be the same as that between

the first scheduled point beyond that at which the passage begins and the next

scheduled point beyond that at which the passage ends. This schedule shall

apply to all persons except infants in arms, who shall be carried free, and

except children under twelve years of age accompanied by an adult, whose fare

shall be one-half of the scheduled rate. Sec. 2. Vehicles regularly operating on the scheduled routes aforesaid shall, on request in advance by a passenger, operate on an hourly basis as follows

:

Self-propelled vehicles, $2.00 for the first hour or fraction thereof, and thereafter 50 cents for each quarter hour or fraction thereof ; horsedrawn vehicles,

$1.00 for the first hour or fraction thereof for one passenger and 25 cents additional for each additional person, and thereafter one-fourth the initial rate for

each quarter hour or fraction thereof.

Sec. 3. Between the hours of 11 :00 o'clock P. M. and 6 :30 o'clock A. M. the

rates set out in Schedules A and B and the hourly rates above established for

self-propelled vehicles may be increased 50 per cent, and the hourly rates for

horsedrawn vehicles may be increased 25 cents per hour.

Sec. 4. In all cases where the computation of fare results in a fraction of

5 cents a full 5 cents in lieu of such fraction may be collected.
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 383

Sec. 5. Automobiles may be maintained for " Special Service." Such automobiles shall not be required to carry passengers except on an hourly basis or by special agreement, at the election of the passenger. For such vehicles the

hourly rate shall be : For the first hour or fraction thereof for one or two

passengers, .$4.00 ; for three to five passengers, $5.00 ; for six or more passengers, $6.00; and. for each quarter hour thereafter in all cases, $1.00.

Sec. 6. For the use of any vehicle a special fare may be agreed upon which

shall take the place of the rates herein fixed, but if in any such case a dispute

shall arise the regular rate herein established shall govern unless the existence and terms of such special agreement be clearly shown. No charge shall

in any case be made which is based upon, the time of a delay not due to the

fault of a passenger.

Sec. 7. A reasonable rate of speed shall be maintained at all times by all

vehicles.

Sec. 8. " Special Service " automobiles, when on public stands, shall display

in English and Spanish the sign " Special Service " on the windshield, which

sign shall be removed as soon as the car is engaged. All other vehicles for

hire, when not engaged, shall display in English and Spanish on the windshield

or other prominent place the sign " For Hire," which sign shall be removed as soon as the vehicle is engaged ; and such vehicle, when proceeding under orders

to a designated point to take passengers, shall likewise display in English and

Spanish the sign " Engaged."

Sec. 9. A vehicle not engaged may not refuse to stop for a passenger who

signals it plainly.

Sec. 10. A copy of these regulations must be carried in every vehicle operating for hire and must be shown to passengers upon request. Upon application

by the owners or licensees of such vehicle The Panama Canal will furnish

copies for this purpose.

Sec. 11. Any person violating any provision of these regulations shall be punished as provided in Section 5 of the Act of Congress approved August 21, 1916,

entitled "An Act extending certain privileges of Canal employees," etc. Sec. 12. These regulations shall take effect on the first day of the month

following their publication in The Panama Canal Record.^

Newton D. Bakee,

Secretary of War.

January 12, 1918.

By the President.

ilPublished in The Panama Canal Record of February 13, 1918, and February 20,

1918.
384 THE PANAMA CANAL.

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EXECUTIVE OEDERS. 387

Proclamation.

Whereas, The United States of America is now at war, and the Army and

Navy thereof are endangered in their operations and preparations by aircraft,

I, WooDRow Wilson, President of the United States, by virtue of the authority

vested in me by the Constitution as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy

of the United States and of the Militia of the several States when called into the

actual service of the United States, do hereby for the protection of such forces

issue the following proclamation.

I. A license must be obtained from the Joint Army and Navy Board on Aeronautic Cognizance by or in behalf of any person who contemplates flying in a

balloon, aeroplane, hydroplane, or other machine or device over or near any

military or naval forces, camp, fort, battery, torpedo station, arsenal, munition

factory, navy yard, naval station, coaling station, telephone or wireless or signal station, or any building or office connected with the National Defense, or any place or region within the jurisdiction or occupation of the United States

which may be designated by the President as a zone of war-like operations or

of war-like preparation.

II. The license will specify the person to whom it is issued, the machine to

be used, the persons to operate the machine and all other persons to be carried

therein, the mode of marking or otherwise identifying the machine, and other

details intended to assure the military and naval forces of the peacefulness of

the errand.

III. The license will also specify the territory and the time wherein it shall

be available.

IV. In case any aircraft shall disregard this proclamation or the terms of the

license, it shall be the right and duty of the military or naval forces to treat

the aircraft as hostile and to fire upon it or otherwise destroy it, notwithstanding the resultant danger to human life. V. For the present, the President designates as a zone of military operations

and of military preparation the whole of the United States and its territorial

waters and of the insular possessions and of the Panama Canal Zone.

VI. The provisions of this proclamation do not apply to aircraft operated by

the Army or Navy of the United States.

VII. No private flying without a license will be permitted after the expiration

of thirty days from the date of this proclamation.

In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of

the United States to be affixed.

Done in the District of Columbia, this 28th day of February, in the year of

[seal] our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eighteen, and of the independence, of the United States the one hundred and forty-second.

WooDRow Wilson.

By the President

:

Robert Lansing,

Secretary of State.

[No. 1432.]

Executive Ordeb.

Whereas, by the treaty between the United States of America and the

Republic of Panama, to insure the construction of a ship canal across the

Isthmus of Panama to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, ratified under

date of February 26, 1904, the Republic of Panama granted to the United

States in perpetuity, the use, occupation and control of a zone of land and

land under water ten miles in width for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the said canal, and the use, occupation and

control in perpetuity of any other lands and waters outside of the said zone which may be necessary and convenient for the construction, maintenance,

operation, sanitation and protection of the said canal.

And whereas, the use, occupation and control of the lands hereinafter

described, a part thereof being within the limits of the said ten mile zone and a part within the Republic of Panama adjacent thereto but outside of

the said zone, are deemed necessary for the protection of the said canal.

Now, Therefore, I, W^oodrow Wilson, President of the United States, by

virtue of the authority granted by the said treaty and of the authority vested

86372°—18 26
388 THE PANAMA CANAL.

in me by the laws of the United States made and provided, do hereby set apart for the protection of the said canal and for use as a military reservation

in connection therewith, subject to private rights, if any there be, lands and

land under water, the same being described as follows

:

Bei?inning at tlie southwest end of tlie Toro Point Breakwater, Latitude

N. 9° 22' 26.29" Longitude 79° 57' 06.49" W., the boundary follows tlie low water line of Limon Bay to a concrete monument on right bank of

the mouth of the Rio Pilibio, Latitude N. 9° 19' 15.48" Longitude 79°

57' 14.48" W. ; thence S. 49° 15' W., 12,300 feet to a concrete monument

on the left bank of the mouth of the Rio Mojinga ; tlience northwest along

the right bank of the Rio Chagres to its moutli ; tlience northeast along

the low water line of the Carribean ^ Sea to the initial point.

WooDEow Wilson.

The'White House, 25 March, 1918.

[No. 2825.]

Executive Oedee.

Schedule A of classified positions excepted from examination under the civil

service rules is hereby amended by adding to Subdivision I, applying to the

entire classified service, a paragraph to be numbered 15, as follows

:

15. All oflicers and employees in the Federal service upon the Isthmus

of Panama, except those who are to perform the duties of clerk, bookkeeper, stenographer, typewriter, surgeon, physician, trained nurse, or draftsman. Appointments to clerical positions on the Isthmus of Panama

paying not more than $75 in gold per month may be made without examination under tlie civil service rules.

The similar provision contained in paragraph 1 of Subdivision X of

Schedule A applying to the Istlimian Canal Commission is revoked as no

longer necessary, by reason of being included in the general provision.

"This order is recommended by the War Department, with the concurrence

of the Civil Service Commission, because of the difficulty in many cases of

obtaining persons who are citizens.

WooDEow Wilson.

The White House, 5 April, 1918.

[No. 2834.]

Executive Oedee.

By direction of the President it is hereby declared that on account of the war

with Germany an emergency exists within the meaning of Section 3709 of the

Revi.sed Statutes and amendments thereto and other statutes as to purchases

to be made for the Government by The Panama Canal.

It is therefore orderetl tliat, in view of sucli emergency and tlie necessity of

cooperating with the War Industries Board in the manner outlined by the

President in his letter to Mr. Bernard M. Baruch of March 4, 1918, The Panama

Canal is hereby autliorized to make purchases without advertising for bids for

the material and supplies to be procured which are on the clearance list as announced and supplemented from time to time by the War Industries Board

:

Provided, however, that such material and supplies as are not on the clearance

list issued from time to time by the War Industries Board shall be purchased

l)y The Panama Csmal in the usual way and under the usual requirements now

applicable to The Panama Canal.

The Panama Canji] shall use every effort to procure material and supplies at

the lowest price obtainable, taking into consideration the necessity of co- operating with and being governed by the advice of the War Industries Board

as to prices, priorities nnd deliveries of material.

This order is issued for the purpose of enabling The Panama Canal to legally

cooperate with and coordinate its purchases with the operations of the War

^ Should be Caribbean.
EXECUTIVE ORDEES. 389

Industries Board and to meet the emergency created by the War with Germany, so far as it affects purchases to be made by Tlie Panama Canal.

Newton D. Baker,

War Department, Secretary of War.

Washington, D. C, May 18, 1918.

Executive Order.

The following described portion of that certain tract of land situated at Balboa, Canal Zone, and placed under the control of the Secretary of the Navy

by the Executive Order of May 26, 1914, No. 1948, is hereby transferred from

the control of the Secretary of the Navy and placed under the control of the

Secretary of War for military purposes

:

Beginning at Monument V in the present boundary line of the Naval

Reservation, Balboa ; thence on a line connecting the said monument V

with the center of the most southerly foot of the south radio tower to its

intersection with the top of the slope a distance of 63 feet more or less

;

thence a distance of 554 feet more or less on a line having an azimuth of 260°

44' to a point immediately west of the main road to Fort Amador ; thence a distance of 408.6 feet more or less on a line having an azimuth of 250° 0' to the intersection with the present southerly boundary line of the Naval

Station, marked W. Z. ; thence in a southeasterly direction along said line

W. Z., that has an azimuth of 307° 40', a distance of 630 feet more or less to the Monument Z ; thence in a northeasterly direction along the line

marked V, that has an azimuth of 217° 40' a distance of 765 feet more or

less to the point of beginning, all as shown on blueprint marked " United

States Navy Radio Station, Balboa, C, Z., March 17, 1915, P. H. Cook, Civil

Engineer, U. S. N.," which plan is on file in the Navy Department.

The transfer of the above described tract of land is made subject to the

continued right of the Navy Department to lay and maintain therein, underground antennae receiving wires needed in connection with the maintenance

and operation of the Naval Radio Station at Balboa, C. Z. WooDEOw Wilson.

The White House, 28 May, 1918.

[No. 2S69.]

Executive Oedee.

Whereas a national emergency exists of the character contemplated in Section 1 under Title II of the Act of Congress approved June 15, 1917, commonly

known as the Espionage Act

:

Therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America,

by virtue of the powers conferred upon me by the said Act of Congress, do

hereby authorize the Governor of The Panama Canal to exercise, within the

territory and waters of the Canal Zone,^ all the powers mentioned in said Section 1, Title II, of said Act, to the same extent as is conferred therein on the

Secretary of the Treasury with regard to the territorial waters of the United

States, and all acts heretofore done by the Governor of The Panama Canal or under his authority pursuant to said section of said act are hereby ratified and

confirmed.

WooDRow Wilson.

The White House, 28 May, 1918.

Executive Order.

Amending paragraph 20 of the navigation rules and regulations of The Panama Canal.

By virtue of the authority vested in me, I hereby establish the following

Executive Order for the Canal Zone

:

Section 1. Paragraph 20 of the Executive Order of July 9, 1914, entitled

" Rules and Regulations for the Operation and Navigation of The Panama

1 As amended by Executive Order No. 2907, dated July 9, 1918.
390 THE PANAMA CANAL.

Canal and approaches thereto, including all waters under its jurisdiction," is

hereby amended to read as follows

:

"20. The captain or master of a vessel in Canal waters, except while the

vessel is being passed through the locks, shall be charged with the safe handling

and proper navigation of the vessel ; the pilot is to be considered as being on

board solelv in an advisory capacity, but masters of vessels must abide by rules

and regulations of the Canal as interpreted by the pilot. No claim against The

Panama Canal for damages on account of injury to a vessel or its cargo while in

Canal Zone waters, arising from the operation of the Canal (other than the

passing of vessels through the locks) shall be allowed unless it shall be determined by the Governor of The Panama Canal that such injury was due to the

negligence or want of care on the part of agents or employees of The Panama

Canal and there shall be an appropriation available for the payment of such

claim."

Section 2, This order shall take effect from and after this date.

WooDROw Wilson.

The White House, 26 July, 19IS.

[No. 2926.]

Executive Okdeb.

Under authority conferred by "An Act authorizing the President to coordinate or consolidate executive bureaus, agencies, and offices, and for other purposes, in

the interest of economy and the more efficient concentration of the Government,

approved May 20, 1918, it is hereby directed that one hundred and twenty thousand dollars (.$120,000) be transferred from the appropriation of $1,620,000,

for the Censorship of Foreign Mails under the Post Office Department for the

fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, and allotted to the Secretary of War for the

conduct of the censorship of the mails in the Panama Canal Zone during said

fiscal year.

This sum will be deducted from the appropriations made for the Post Office

Department for the current fiscal year and charged to the War Department.

WOODKOW W^ILSON.

The White House, 3 October, 1918.

[No. 2968-A.]

Executive Order.

Providing for the licensing of cliauCfeurs.

By virtue of the Act of Congress entitled "An Act extending certain privileges

of canal employees to other officials on tlie Canal Zone and authorizing the

President to make rules and regulations affecting health, sanitation, quarantine,

taxation, public roads, self-propelled vehicles, and police powers on the Canal

Zone, and for other purposes, including provision as to certain fees, money

orders and interest deposits," approved August 21, 1916, I hereby establish the

following Executive Order for the Canal Zone:

Section 1. That hereafter it shall be unlawful for any person to operate any

automo1)ile over the streets and roads of the Canal Zone without first having

obtained a license as hereinafter provided.

Section 2. Each person desiring to obt;iin a license to operate an automobile

over the streets and roads of the Canal Zone shall make written application to the Executive Secretary of The Panama Canal, stating therein his nationality,

age, and experience in the operation of automobiles, whether operated by gasoline, electricity, or other motive power; and his application must be endorsed

by two reputable citizens of the Canal Zone or of the city of Panama or Colon,

Republic of I'anama, vouching for his sobriety and trustworthiness. The

Executive Secretary shall thereupon cause the applicant to be examined touching his knowledge of gasoline and electric motors and machinery, and of the

mechanism and operation of automobiles, as well as in resi^ect to the road laws

and regulations of the Canal Zone; and the applicant may be required to make

a practical demonstration of his ability to operate an automobile.
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 391

Section 3. No person shall be granted a chauffeur's license unless he is

eighteen years of age or more, is of sober habits, and is able to read either the

English or Spanish language, and shall prove to the satisfaction of the examiners that he has the knowledge, skill, and judgment necessary for the safe and

skilful driving and handling of automobiles.

Section 4. The persons detailed by the Executive Secretary to examine applicants under this order shall meet at Balboa Heights or Cristobal, or at such

other points in the Canal Zone as the Executive Secretary may from time to

time designate, and shall examine all applicants whose applications have been

referred to them, and shall make a report upon such examinations to the

Executive Secretary with their recommendations as to the fitness of the applicants to operate automobiles over the streets and roads of the Canal Zone.

The Executive Secretary shall cause a record to be kept of all applications,

together with the reports of the examiners in each case and any other papers

relating thereto. If the report of the examiners is favorable to the applicant,

the Executive Secretary may issue to such applicant a chauffeur's license in

form substantially as follows:

The Government of the Canal Zone,

license to chauffeues.

No.

Whereas, it has been reported to me by the duly appointed examiners that

has given satisfactory evidence to said examiners that

he is a skilful chauffeur or operator of automobiles, and can be entrusted to

perform the duties of chauffeur upon the streets and roads of the Canal Zone,

he is, therefore, licensed to act as such chauffeur until such time as this license

may, for cause, be revoked.

Witness my hand this day of 191

Executive Secretary, The Panama Canal.

The license issued hereunder shall continue in force until revoked for cause, as hereinafter provided for.

Section 5. When the Executive Secretary issues a chauffeur's license he

shall thereupon cause to be issued to the licensee either a card, check or badge,

as may be determined from time to time by regulations of the Governor of The

Panama Canal, and in such form as the latter may designate. The licensee

shall be charged a fee of one dollar ($1) for such license, to be paid to the

Collector of The Panama Canal; provided, that no fee shall be charged for

licenses issued to chauffeurs who only operate automobiles belonging to or

controlled by The Panama Canal or other agency of the United States or the

Panama Railroad Company.

Applicants for licenses to operate automobiles belonging to or controlled by

any government agency or the Panama Railroad Company need not be endorsed

by* two citizens as provided in Section 2 hereof for other applicants, but such

applications shall be endorsed by the chief of the office, division, or unit in

which the applicant is employed.

Upon the request of any Canal Zone police officer it shall be the duty of

every licensee hereunder, while in charge of any automobile on the Canal Zone

streets or roads, to exhibit to such officer the card, check or badge so issued

to him.

Section 6. The Executive Secretary is hereby authorized to revoke for cause any license issued hereunder or heretofore issued.

Section 7. The Governor of The Panama Canal is hereby authorized to

promulgate rules and regulations from time to time to carry out this order.

The licenses, cards, checks and badges heretofore issued in conformity with

preexisting laws, shall continue to be effective unless revoked for cause. Section 8. Any person who operates an automobile over the streets and

roads of the Canal Zone without first having obtained a license as provided for

under this order, or who fails to comply with the other requirements of this

order or of the i-egulations of the Governor issued pursuant to this order, shall

be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by fine not to exceed $25 or by imprisonment in jail not to exceed thirty

days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the court's discretion, as

authorized by the above-mentioned Act of Congress.
392 THE PANAMA CANAL,

Section 9. The ordinance enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission of

April 15, 1911, entitled " Ordinance providing for the licensing of chauffeurs

for automobiles ", the ordinance enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission

dated February 3, 1914, "Amending Section 8 of Ordinance providing for the

licensing of Chauffeurs for automobiles ", and all other ordinances, orders and

regulations, or parts thereof, in conflict with this order are hereby repealed.

Section 10. This order shall take effect thirty days from and after its

publication in The Panama Canal Record.

WooDBOW Wilson.

The White House, 9 October, 1918.

[No. 2971.]

Executive Obdee.

Guarapo Naval Air Station.

1. The areas hereinafter described situated within the Canal Zone are hereby

set apart and assigned for the uses of a naval air station, and other naval

purposes, under the control of the Secretary of the Navy ; but the said areas

shall be subject to the civil jurisdiction of the Canal Zone authorities in con- formity with the Panama Canal Act.

2. The said areas are described as follows

:

I. That island named Guarapo Island, in its entirety and shown on Hydrographic Office Chart No. 5000, dated December, 1914, lying to the

westward of and approximately parallel to the Canal prism, and directly to

the southward of Gatun Dam, between latitudes approximately 9° 14' 50"

north and 9° 15' 40" north, and longitudes approximately 79° 55' 44"

west, and 79° 56' 04" west; together with the small islets immediately

adjacent to the westward.

II. The water area lying between the Canal prism and the Island of

Guarapo, also the water areas off of the noi'therly, westerly and southerly

shores of said island, to a distance of two hundred (200) yards.

3. The said areas are more particularly described on blueprint No. 4301-16,

dated the 27th day of September, 1918, issued by the Governor of The Panama

Canal.

WooDBOw Wilson.

The White House, -J November, 1918.

[No. 2987.]

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