REPORT TO THE CONGRESS

RECOMMENDATIONS ON FUTURE

FREE TRADE AREA NEGOTIATIONS

September 25, 1997
REPORT TO THE CONGRESS ON

RECOMMENDATIONS ON FUTURE FREE TRADE AREA NEGOTIATIONS

Section 108 of the NAFTA implementing legislation (PL 103-182, 107 STAT 2057) requires that

the President submit to the appropriate Congressional committees a report containing

recommendations on future free trade area negotiations. More specifically, the report is to

contain: (a) recommendations for free trade area negotiations, if any, with any foreign country

identified in a report submitted on May 1, 1997, by the U.S. Trade Representative; (b) specific

negotiating objectives that are necessary for this purpose; and (c) legislative proposals to ensure

adequate consultative and approval arrangements with the Congress. This report is designed to

fulfill this requirement.

Summary

Since the end of the Cold War, trade and economic development have emerged as fundamental

strategic issues. The strength and prosperity of the United States depends increasingly on our

ability to create and maintain trade relationships that are beneficial to us and to our trading

partners. We must, therefore, continue to identify those markets that present growth

opportunities, ensure access to those markets, and do so in such a way as to create enduring

relationships that foster not only short-term economic prosperity, but also our long-term

economic security. These relationships promote stability and prosperity so that our trading

partners will also be partners in the pursuit of security and peace, and will join us in combating

common cross-border threats such as drug trafficking, international crime, and terrorism.

As was true when we issued the July 1, 1994 report under Section 108, we remain committed to

completing a comprehensive trade agreement with Chile. We are similarly committed to maintain

the momentum necessary to conclude the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) by no later

than 2005, with concrete progress by the turn of the century, in accordance with the Miami

Summit Declaration. While the Administration has not, at this time, targeted any other free trade

area negotiations, we are open to considering additional arrangements, particularly where they

would advance our trade, foreign policy and other important national priorities. For example, we

have embarked on an initiative to support Africa’s march toward political and economic reform

and open markets. In the future, free trade agreements may be negotiated with certain reformminded African countries, as well as with countries in other regions.

This report, like the May 1, 1997 report, covers all regions of the world and selected countries. 

As in the May 1 report, the Latin America and the Caribbean and Asia-Pacific regions are

discussed in some detail. These regions are experiencing the fastest economic growth in the

world and have been a major focus of recent regional U.S. trade policy efforts.
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Priority Countries and Regions

Latin America and the Caribbean 

The May 1, 1997 report addressed the impressive growth we have seen during this decade in U.S.

exports to Latin America and the Caribbean. This growth is a result of fundamental and dramatic

changes in economic, fiscal and trade policies in the countries of the region. Since our July 1994

report, these policy changes have gained momentum. The countries of the region are abandoning

the protectionism and heavy government intervention of the past for market-oriented policies that

will increase their ability to compete in the global economy. They have been reducing their tariff

and non-tariff barriers, through the implementation of their Uruguay Round obligations, as well as

through unilateral reductions. State-owned enterprises are being privatized; laws on intellectual

property protection are being modernized; and macroeconomic reforms and realistic exchange

rate regimes have been introduced.

The greater openness of Latin American economies has stimulated a resurgence of activity toward

economic integration in the region, and this activity has been expanding in scope and intensity. In

fact, no region of the world has a more active agenda of free trade agreement (FTA) negotiations

than Latin America. At the sub-regional level during the past year we have witnessed, for

example, the conclusion of the Chile-Canada FTA, the MERCOSUR-Chile FTA, the

MERCOSUR-Bolivia FTA, and the initiation of negotiations between Mexico and MERCOSUR,

Mexico and Peru, Mexico and Ecuador, MERCOSUR and most of the Andean Community,

Panama and Chile, Mexico and the Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, El

Salvador and Honduras), and between Central America and the islands of the Caribbean. 

Furthermore, our traditional trading partners are seized by the opportunities that exist to expand

trade with Latin America. The European Union (EU) has launched with Mexico, MERCOSUR

and Chile talks aimed at concluding a reciprocal trade agreement to eliminate substantially all

barriers to trade. Chile and the EU have agreed on a target date of 1999 to conclude such an

agreement.

While such sub-regional agreements can contribute both to hemisphere-wide liberalization and to

multilateral liberalization in the WTO, the expansion of these sub-regional preferential trade

arrangements could put many American and other non-member suppliers at a disadvantage in such

markets compared to suppliers from member countries, even when the arrangements are

consistent with the WTO. In fact, any time a trade agreement is concluded that reduces barriers

among the parties, and those parties do not include the United States, U.S. producers are put at a

competitive disadvantage in that market. U.S. exporters are discovering every day the real and

growing commercial costs of U.S. non-participation in these ongoing trade negotiations. 

An additional danger of such FTA’s proceeding without U.S. involvement is that they may begin

to address non-tariff issues in ways incompatible with U.S. interests. Thus far, the FTAs in the

hemisphere, other than NAFTA, are essentially tariff elimination arrangements. They are not yet

comprehensive agreements that cover other trade and trade-related measures, such as government

procurement, investment, intellectual property protection (IPR), sanitary and phytosanitary 
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measures, product standards, and services. It would be beneficial, therefore, to develop regionwide disciplines in these areas and shape them in America’s interests before others seize the

initiative and shape the rules of trade.

Moreover, our ability to engage outward-looking countries in negotiations -- either in the FTAA

or bilaterally -- can solidify the movement toward the open trade policies that we espouse and

practice. Central American leaders, for example, have communicated their willingness to build

their trade relationship with the United States on the basis of reciprocal market opening. 

Similarly, the interest in proceeding with the FTAA remains real as evidenced by the Trade

Ministers agreeing at Belo Horizonte, Brazil in May 1997 to recommend that their leaders initiate

negotiations of an FTAA at their next Summit of the Americas to be held in Santiago, Chile in

April 1998. 

In light of the growth opportunities that exist in the region, and the prospects for promoting

economic prosperity and stability in our hemisphere, we recommend the following free trade area

negotiations:

Chile: We remain fully commited to negotiating a comprehensive free trade arrangement with

Chile. Chile continues to pursue the democratic, open market policies we seek to reinforce

throughout the hemisphere. Chile is aggressively pursuing trade agreements and has recently

completed an “association” free trade agreement with MERCOSUR and a comprehensive free

trade agreement with Canada. An agreement with Chile would be the first step in building the

FTAA. 

Free Trade Area of the Americas: Since the Summit of the Americas in Miami in December

1994, the trade Ministers of the 34 democratic countries of the hemisphere have been meeting

annually to prepare for the negotiation of the FTAA. The Miami Summit Declaration and Plan of

Action provide the overall framework for the construction of the FTAA. It included the following

commitments by all 34 Leaders:

C balanced and comprehensive agreements to maximize market openness through high levels

of discipline covering, inter alia, tariffs; non-tariff barriers (NTBs) in goods and services;

agriculture; subsidies; investment; intellectual property rights (IPR); government

procurement; product standards; safeguards; rules of origin; anti-dumping and

countervailing duties (AD/CVD); sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) procedures; dispute

settlement; and competition policy;

C concrete progress by the turn of the century;

C to further secure the observance and promotion of workers’ rights; and 

C to make our trade liberalization policies and our environmental policies mutually

supportive.
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At the Denver Trade Ministerial in June 1995, the 34 countries agreed that the FTAA will be an

undertaking in which all countries will assume all of the obligations of the FTAA.

It also was agreed at Denver that the FTAA will be WTO-consistent. Thus, the FTAA will have

the WTO obligations as its baseline. 

The FTAA, however, needs to go beyond the WTO and be future-oriented. It must be responsive

to new technologies and new ways of doing business, and it should draw from the best, most

appropriate practices in the sub-regional arrangements. In other words, we aim for the FTAA to

be “the state of the art” in trade and investment agreements when it is concluded.

The Third FTAA Trade Ministerial, which took place in Belo Horizonte, Brazil in May 1997, set

out a very clear work plan for the FTAA countries in the coming year to enable our leaders to

initiate negotiations on the full range of issues included in the Miami Declaration and Plan of

Action. More specifically, the Ministers created a Preparatory Committee of Vice Ministers to

prepare recommendations on how the FTAA negotiations should proceed -- including objectives,

approaches, structure and venue -- for decision by the Ministers at their next meeting in San Jose,

Costa Rica in March 1998. We will need the advice of the Congress and the various economic

interests in our society to help us define our objectives and priorities in the FTAA negotiations. 

Asia Pacific Region

The Asia-Pacific region, as defined by membership in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

(APEC) forum, continues to be a primary focus of U.S. trade policy efforts. This region, and in

particular the developing and newly industrialized economies of East Asia, continues to be one of

the fastest growing regions in the world, and already accounts for 62% of U.S. exports. 

Moreover, though Asia Pacific trade has accounted for over half of U.S. total trade for several

years, trade and economic ties with APEC countries continue to grow in importance. U.S.

exports to the developing economies of Asia, for example, grew 30% between 1994 and 1996,

reaching $102 billion. While imports were flat, U.S. exports to the seven members of ASEAN

(Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) alone grew by 13%

in 1996, reaching nearly $43 billion and making ASEAN collectively our fourth largest trading

partner. 

Though there are still formidable barriers to trade and investment in the APEC region, there is

also a strong impetus to reduce barriers in the region. A number of APEC economies are

pursuing unilateral economic liberalization and deregulation programs. These are buttressed by

the APEC decision, taken in November 1994, to achieve “free and open trade and investment” in

the entire region in the early years of the next century. 

Economic integration of the APEC region will continue with or without active U.S. participation

and leadership. Economic growth in the region has always been presaged on growth in trade, and

Asia Pacific countries will continue to actively explore ways of expanding that trade. ASEAN

countries are already actively engaged in a regional effort to expand trade and integrate their

economies. Other large economies in Asia, such as Japan, Korea, China and Taiwan, are similarly

engaged in aggressively expanding their trading networks and opportunities. A failure by the

United States to participate in and shape these efforts could significantly diminish the
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opportunities for U.S. firms and workers as we enter what some are calling the “Pacific century.”

As in the case of Latin America, we also could be disadvantaged by exclusionary subregional

preferential trade arrangements.

Thus, the United States has been pursuing an activist trade policy in the Asia Pacific region aimed

at further opening these fast growing markets, and expanding opportunities for American

companies and workers. The United States has played a pivotal role in shaping APEC,

committing in 1994 in principle to free and open regional trade. Since then, APEC has taken

important steps toward implementing that commitment, including the pursuit of liberalization in

key sectors. Thus, with U.S. leadership, APEC’s strong endorsement of the Information

Technology Agreement (ITA) in November 1996 gave critical impetus to the successful

conclusion of the ITA at the WTO. Similarly, the active participation of key Asian economies in

the WTO basic telecommunications agreement was secured with a strong push from APEC. 

Finally, building on these successes, APEC trade ministers in May 1997 agreed on an expedited

program to explore market opening in other key sectors. Ministers also endorsed active

participation in the WTO financial services negotiations to be concluded by December 1997.

Bilateral FTAs between the United States, the largest APEC economy, and other APEC

economies, in particular ones with a proven commitment to open trade, could be a catalyst to

opening the entire region, accelerating market access opportunities for U.S. exports, and fulfilling

the APEC mandate. While we do not recommend specific FTA negotiations at this time, the

Administration will consider such agreements in the context of fulfilling its broader objective of

opening and expanding markets in this dynamic region, and advancing its security interests in this

strategically important area.

Africa

In the case of Africa -- a region rich in resources and potential -- nations that are making dramatic

strides toward democracy and prosperity should be engaged. As African economies grow,

America’s prosperity and security will benefit. Many nations are embracing economic and

political reforms, privatization, and open markets. We intend to work closely with reform minded

African nations to promote these goals. We will be prepared to negotiate free trade agreements

with countries that have successfully implemented reforms to further integrate them into the

international trading system when we and they agree that it is mutually advantageous to do so. 

Europe and the Middle East

The Leaders at the United States-European Union Summit in December 1995 recognized the

major advantages from expanding trade between their two regions, which were already each

other’s largest market for goods and services. In 1995 two-way trade in goods and services

amounted to more than $360 billion, and the United States and the EU accounted for one-half of

each other’s outward foreign direct investment flows. While the Leaders did not envisage a free

trade agreement (FTA), they agreed to create the New Transatlantic Marketplace (NTM) “...by

progressively reducing or eliminating barriers that hinder the flow of goods, services and capital

between us.” They commissioned a “joint study” to examine how best to achieve this objective. 

Because U.S. and EU tariffs are already very low, attention has been focused primarily on non-
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tariff barriers. The recently concluded U.S.-EU Mutual Recognition Agreement illustrates the

type of progress envisaged under the NTM. 

The European countries have very active programs for negotiating FTAs. The major group with

which the EU has FTAs is the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) -- Iceland,

Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Both the EU and EFTA have been negotiating free

trade agreements with many of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the

Mediterranean. The EU has signed association agreements and other types of free trade

arrangements with the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Latvia,

Lithuania, Estonia, Albania, Slovenia, Israel, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. The EU has also

negotiated a customs union with Turkey. Among other things, these arrangements provide for

phased-in free trade in a number of sectors, notably excluding the agricultural sector, between the

respective countries and the EU. EFTA has negotiated free trade agreements with Romania,

Hungary, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Israel, Poland, Slovenia, and Albania.

Furthermore, six central European countries are members of the Central European Free Trade

Agreement, three countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) are joined in the Baltic Free Trade

Agreement, and the New Independent States have free trade among themselves.

While the main obstacles to trade in the EU are non-tariff barriers, many of the Central European

countries, the New Independent States and Russia retain high tariffs. As these countries enter

FTAs or association agreements, the tariff preferences enjoyed by firms in the EU and EFTA

members could become a more significant problem for U.S. exporters. We will, therefore,

continue to examine the impact of these preferences on U.S. exports. 

With respect to the Middle East, economic growth in the region supports our national security

objectives and generates markets for U.S. exports. Increasing trade levels will be essential if these

economies are to generate jobs, know-how and prosperity. Regional leaders have grasped this

reality and are lowering trade barriers and negotiating free trade agreements with the EU. 

Measures to lower barriers to U.S. trade in the region will reinforce these efforts, and will

increase U.S. exports. Moreover, closer bilateral trade relations with reform-minded countries in

the region would signal U.S. support for economic reform efforts underway in the region.

Specific Negotiating Objectives

In general, the Administration’s negotiating objectives for the kinds of agreements described in

this report are really a subset of the negotiating objectives contained in our proposal for renewed

trade agreement authority and fast track procedures.

However, as we are not now engaged in formal FTA negotiations, we have not identified “specific

negotiating objectives” for any potential agreement. Specific negotiating objectives would be

developed, in consultation with Congress, as part of commencing formal negotiations towards

reaching such an agreement. They will vary depending on the particular arrangement being

negotiated.
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As noted above, our overall goal is to reduce barriers to trade and open markets for U.S. goods

and services, and, at the same time, create enduring relationships that foster not only short-term

economic prosperity, but our long-term economic security. Where a comprehensive agreement

with a country or countries is consistent with those general goals, we believe we should explore

whether agreements could be reached that would, in fact, advance our trade, foreign policy and

other important national interests. 

Legislative Proposals

In addition to negotiating objectives, the Administration’s legislative proposal contains specific

notice and consultations provisions. These procedures would apply to any agreements described

in this report that would need legislation in order to be implemented by the United States.

The proposal provides the President authority to implement by proclamation certain limited

categories of tariff reduction agreements. In particular, the proposal provides the President with 

authority to reduce U.S. tariffs that are above 5 percent ad valorem up to 50 percent. The

President would be able to eliminate duties set at 5 percent ad valorem or less. In addition, the

proposal provides for the application of fast track procedures to bilateral, regional or multilateral

agreements entered into by the President that reduce additional tariff barriers as well as non-tariff

barriers. 

The proposal requires extensive consultation with the Congress for agreements subject to fast

track procedures. The President would have to provide Congress with written notice of his

intention to enter into negotiations at least 90 days before doing so. The proposal also requires

that, before and after submission of the notice, the President must consult with the House

Committee on Ways and Means, the Senate Finance Committee and other relevant Congressional

committees. The President would be required to identify his negotiating objectives and any

related agreements that may be entered into. 

Furthermore, the President would have to notify the House and the Senate of his intention to

enter into an agreement at least 90 days in advance of signing it and, prior to entering into an

agreement, the President would be obligated to consult with the House Committee on Ways and

Means and Senate Finance Committee, as well as any other Congressional committees that have

jurisdiction over issues that would be affected by the agreement. Congress would be able to

rescind fast track if the President has not consulted adequately. 

Attachment: Merchandise Trade Data on Major Countries and Regions 
US EXPORTS OF GOODS TO FTAA COUNTRIES

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods Exports

Total feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military not Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

US Exports and and except parts and except type elsewhere Technology Goods

beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods classified

Antigua 82 16 18 18 3 13 1 12 14 0 8 60 

Argentina 4,516 79 1,363 2,218 236 448 18 152 157 37 850 4,213 

Bahamas 725 139 210 122 64 112 0 79 135 82 32 481 

Barbados 222 47 64 52 4 33 0 22 52 11 19 155 

Belize 107 15 25 24 9 22 1 10 16 1 4 86 

Bolivia 269 39 56 140 11 15 2 6 40 1 72 223 

Brazil 12,699 461 3,789 6,063 576 1,458 108 243 561 245 3,283 11,279 

Canada 132,584 6,811 29,373 42,925 34,357 13,876 483 4,759 6,863 1,014 18,850 119,952 

Chile 4,132 105 1,016 1,943 505 386 20 155 128 113 729 3,766 

Colombia 4,709 551 1,361 1,779 262 598 34 123 609 99 600 3,907 

Costa Rica 1,814 212 541 322 89 566 3 81 217 30 125 1,540 

Dominica 34 4 14 7 3 3 0 3 10 1 2 22 

Dominican Rep. 3,183 321 788 659 156 1,180 6 73 412 73 74 2,637 

Ecuador 1,257 129 472 441 53 120 7 35 156 28 71 1,046 

El Salvador 1,072 145 316 165 46 351 4 46 192 47 43 821 

Grenada 36 10 6 9 3 3 0 5 9 0 3 25 

Guatemala 1,564 190 544 276 95 389 2 68 272 94 55 1,172 

Guyana 137 27 32 49 4 16 1 8 29 2 6 105 

Haiti 474 182 81 49 29 96 0 35 188 21 6 248 

Honduras 1,641 101 441 204 55 748 3 90 132 85 38 1,398 

Jamaica 1,491 196 456 228 62 466 1 81 204 143 55 1,105 

Mexico 56,761 4,579 16,543 18,559 8,266 6,519 65 2,228 5,367 1,295 5,703 48,778 

Nicaragua 262 53 58 68 22 48 1 12 65 4 17 186 

Panama 1,378 147 411 295 69 386 7 62 148 135 92 1,026 

Paraguay 897 30 38 582 27 210 1 8 33 3 425 821 

Peru 1,767 296 392 766 88 167 4 54 307 26 202 1,409 

St Chris.-Nevis 39 4 8 14 2 6 0 5 4 1 5 32 

St Lucia 84 13 28 12 3 17 0 11 13 10 4 58 

St Vincent & Gren. 45 18 9 6 2 4 0 6 18 0 1 24 

Suriname 222 25 69 73 14 24 1 17 25 0 6 191 

Trinidad & Tobago 665 126 211 207 15 51 3 52 132 31 36 486 

Uruguay 484 13 131 186 27 102 1 24 16 9 97 440 

Venezuela 4,741 424 1,208 2,100 444 396 60 110 467 28 401 3,991 

Total 240,092 15,509 60,072 80,563 45,603 28,831 841 8,675 16,989 3,670 31,915 211,684 

World 622,827 55,466 147,183 252,393 64,166 70,070 14,924 18,625 60,562 6,388 154,881 522,660 

Share of World 38.5% 28.0% 40.8% 31.9% 71.1% 41.1% 5.6% 46.6% 28.1% 57.5% 20.6% 40.5%
US IMPORTS OF GOODS FROM FTAA COUNTRIES

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods

Total feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

US Imports and and except parts and except type Technology Goods

beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods

Antigua 9 0 6 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 8 

Argentina 2,278 636 1,359 58 33 132 60 730 783 12 652 

Bahamas 165 54 54 1 0 46 11 2 9 28 87 

Barbados 41 4 1 20 0 6 10 1 0 0 36 

Belize 68 41 6 1 0 16 5 31 2 0 22 

Bolivia 275 12 159 0 0 100 4 14 16 0 200 

Brazil 8,762 1,070 3,637 1,058 941 1,921 135 1,349 151 247 6,522 

Canada 156,506 7,765 59,870 24,163 47,063 9,965 7,680 6,730 15,519 11,590 120,444 

Chile 2,256 991 1,120 14 7 82 41 753 16 1 885 

Colombia 4,273 775 2,444 11 8 868 168 1,121 1,947 1 1,064 

Costa Rica 1,974 696 135 161 4 916 62 682 0 80 1,229 

Dominica 8 0 1 1 0 4 2 0 0 0 7 

Dominican Rep. 3,575 314 259 553 5 2,360 83 369 0 293 3,087 

Ecuador 1,916 938 836 3 2 109 27 539 756 1 112 

El Salvador 1,074 135 42 133 0 756 8 101 0 99 931 

Grenada 4 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 

Guatemala 1,673 635 157 1 1 864 16 660 60 0 914 

Guyana 109 35 59 1 0 10 4 10 0 0 39 

Haiti 143 7 12 4 0 118 3 6 0 0 135 

Honduras 1,796 369 37 1 13 1,351 24 277 0 0 1,366 

Jamaica 839 67 209 9 1 527 26 48 0 3 589 

Mexico 72,963 4,221 13,430 15,594 23,324 13,835 2,559 3,713 6,765 4,743 60,965 

Nicaragua 350 138 41 0 0 167 3 80 0 1 192 

Panama 346 202 43 9 2 57 33 115 18 3 110 

Paraguay 42 2 30 3 0 5 2 9 0 3 32 

Peru 1,261 191 757 6 3 279 24 154 268 1 702 

St Chris.-Nevis 23 0 0 20 0 1 1 0 0 1 23 

St Lucia 22 0 3 6 0 11 2 0 0 0 22 

St Vincent & Gren. 7 0 0 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 6 

Suriname 97 6 85 1 0 1 5 0 0 0 14 

Trinidad & Tobago 1,017 50 930 3 0 13 21 22 417 0 518 

Uruguay 260 69 93 1 0 83 14 62 0 0 177 

Venezuela 12,903 168 12,440 37 139 46 74 102 11,131 1 1,244 

Total 277,035 19,596 98,254 41,874 71,548 34,654 11,108 17,682 37,857 17,111 202,337 

World 791,315 35,701 199,303 229,005 130,052 171,112 26,141 32,568 71,013 130,306 659,867 

Share of World 35.0% 54.9% 49.3% 18.3% 55.0% 20.3% 42.5% 54.3% 53.3% 13.1% 30.7%
US BALANCE OF TRADE IN GOODS WITH FTAA COUNTRIES

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Overall Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods Exports

U.S. feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military not Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

Goods and and except parts and except type elsewhere Technology Goods

Balance beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods classified

Antigua 73 15 13 18 3 12 1 12 14 0 8 52 

Argentina 2,237 (557) 4 2,160 203 316 (42) 152 (573) (746) 838 3,560 

Bahamas 560 85 156 121 64 66 (11) 79 133 73 4 393 

Barbados 181 43 63 32 4 27 (9) 22 51 11 19 119 

Belize 38 (26) 19 23 9 6 (3) 10 (15) (1) 4 64 

Bolivia (6) 28 (103) 140 11 (85) (2) 6 26 (15) 72 23 

Brazil 3,938 (609) 153 5,005 (365) (463) (27) 243 (788) 95 3,036 4,757 

Canada (23,922) (954) (30,497) 18,761 (12,706) 3,911 (7,196) 4,759 133 (14,505) 7,261 (492)

Chile 1,876 (886) (104) 1,930 498 304 (21) 155 (625) 97 728 2,881 

Colombia 435 (224) (1,083) 1,768 254 (269) (134) 123 (512) (1,848) 599 2,843 

Costa Rica (160) (483) 405 161 85 (350) (59) 81 (465) 30 44 311 

Dominica 26 4 14 6 3 (1) (2) 3 10 1 2 15 

Dominican Rep. (392) 7 528 106 151 (1,180) (77) 73 43 73 (218) (450)

Ecuador (659) (810) (364) 438 52 11 (21) 35 (383) (729) 70 934 

El Salvador (2) 10 274 32 46 (406) (4) 46 90 47 (56) (110)

Grenada 32 8 6 8 3 3 0 5 9 0 2 23 

Guatemala (109) (445) 387 275 94 (474) (14) 68 (388) 33 54 257 

Guyana 27 (9) (28) 48 4 6 (3) 8 19 2 5 66 

Haiti 330 175 69 45 29 (21) (2) 35 181 21 6 113 

Honduras (155) (268) 404 202 41 (603) (22) 90 (145) 85 38 32 

Jamaica 652 129 248 220 62 (61) (25) 81 156 143 52 516 

Mexico (16,202) 358 3,113 2,966 (15,058) (7,316) (2,494) 2,228 1,654 (5,470) 960 (12,187)

Nicaragua (88) (86) 17 68 22 (119) (3) 12 (15) 4 16 (6)

Panama 1,032 (55) 368 286 68 330 (26) 62 33 117 89 917 

Paraguay 855 28 8 579 27 206 (0) 8 23 3 421 789 

Peru 505 105 (366) 760 84 (112) (20) 54 153 (241) 200 708 

St Chris.-Nevis 16 4 8 (7) 2 6 (1) 5 4 1 3 10 

St Lucia 62 13 24 6 3 6 (1) 11 12 10 4 36 

St Vincent & Gren. 38 17 9 5 2 (1) (0) 6 18 0 1 18 

Suriname 126 20 (17) 73 14 23 (4) 17 25 0 6 177 

Trinidad & Tobago (352) 76 (718) 204 15 39 (18) 52 109 (386) 36 (32)

Uruguay 224 (56) 38 185 27 19 (13) 24 (46) 9 97 263 

Venezuela (8,162) 256 (11,232) 2,063 306 350 (14) 110 365 (11,103) 400 2,747 

Total (36,943) (4,087) (38,182) 38,688 (25,945) (5,823) (10,267) 8,675 (694) (34,187) 14,803 9,346 

World (168,488) 19,765 (52,120) 23,388 (65,885) (101,043) (11,217) 18,625 27,994 (64,625) 24,575 (137,207)
US EXPORTS OF GOODS TO APEC MEMBERS

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods Exports

Total feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military not Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

US Exports and and except parts and except type elsewhere Technology Goods

beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods classified

Australia 11,992 297 2,501 5,788 1,108 1,448 257 592 301 20 2,956 11,347 

Brunei 375 1 9 266 2 35 2 60 1 0 200 371 

Canada 132,584 6,811 29,373 42,925 34,357 13,876 483 4,759 6,863 1,014 18,850 119,952 

Chile 4,132 105 1,016 1,943 505 386 20 155 128 113 729 3,766 

China 11,978 1,313 4,101 5,732 180 480 13 159 2,080 63 3,164 9,131 

Hong Kong 13,956 1,348 3,316 6,507 276 2,067 22 419 1,471 38 4,595 11,781 

Indonesia 3,965 516 1,363 1,754 122 117 22 70 847 7 687 2,856 

Japan 67,536 12,351 15,071 24,793 4,596 8,448 1,191 1,085 11,620 604 20,179 46,969 

Korea, South 26,583 2,998 7,028 13,033 723 1,652 778 371 3,828 456 9,460 20,413 

Malaysia 8,521 536 1,232 6,031 54 413 62 194 610 7 4,917 7,747 

Mexico 56,761 4,579 16,543 18,559 8,266 6,519 65 2,228 5,367 1,295 5,703 48,778 

New Zealand 1,727 81 438 764 58 199 27 160 88 3 426 1,573 

Papua New Guinea 69 2 6 54 1 3 0 3 4 0 18 65 

Philippines 6,125 816 867 3,867 118 290 55 112 877 92 2,972 5,001 

Singapore 16,685 250 3,162 11,471 209 1,000 115 479 281 254 8,425 15,955 

Taiwan 18,413 2,719 4,461 8,386 720 956 878 294 2,953 244 6,880 14,404 

Thailand 7,211 407 1,883 3,842 158 470 276 177 569 16 2,717 6,379 

Total 388,613 35,130 92,371 155,713 51,452 38,360 4,267 11,318 37,887 4,227 92,880 326,489 

World 622,827 55,466 147,183 252,393 64,166 70,070 14,924 18,625 60,562 6,388 154,881 522,660 

Share of World 62.4% 63.3% 62.8% 61.7% 80.2% 54.7% 28.6% 60.8% 62.6% 66.2% 60.0% 62.5%
US IMPORTS OF GOODS FROM APEC MEMBERS

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods

Total feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

US Imports and and except parts and except type Technology Goods

beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods

Australia 3,854 691 1,777 493 233 323 338 794 250 269 2,035 

Brunei 49 0 0 0 0 46 3 0 0 0 49 

Canada 156,506 7,765 59,870 24,163 47,063 9,965 7,680 6,730 15,519 11,590 120,444 

Chile 2,256 991 1,120 14 7 82 41 753 16 1 885 

China 51,495 662 4,214 8,741 750 36,725 404 568 405 3,827 49,928 

Hong Kong 9,867 102 367 2,533 68 6,307 491 92 0 1,664 9,742 

Indonesia 8,213 737 2,381 694 173 4,177 52 1,529 543 583 5,831 

Japan 115,218 343 11,875 54,372 34,689 11,795 2,144 255 20 30,522 114,503 

Korea, South 22,667 177 2,627 12,279 2,458 4,649 476 84 73 9,522 22,275 

Malaysia 17,825 160 1,148 10,249 234 5,785 250 370 81 9,627 17,265 

Mexico 72,963 4,221 13,430 15,594 23,324 13,835 2,559 3,713 6,765 4,743 60,965 

New Zealand 1,464 709 402 124 41 66 123 676 28 41 604 

Papua New Guinea 86 26 59 0 0 0 0 25 59 0 1 

Philippines 8,162 674 170 3,793 294 3,134 98 593 0 3,470 7,436 

Singapore 20,340 92 772 17,383 179 1,246 668 47 118 15,560 20,093 

Taiwan 29,911 296 3,024 16,272 862 8,993 464 155 1 9,937 29,517 

Thailand 11,336 1,618 804 4,126 282 4,296 210 875 5 2,666 9,318 

Total 532,212 19,264 104,038 170,830 110,658 111,423 15,998 17,258 23,882 104,020 470,890 

World 791,315 35,701 199,303 229,005 130,052 171,112 26,141 32,568 71,013 130,306 659,867 

Share of World 67.3% 54.0% 52.2% 74.6% 85.1% 65.1% 61.2% 53.0% 33.6% 79.8% 71.4%
US BALANCE OF TRADE IN GOODS WITH APEC MEMBERS

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Overall Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods Exports

U.S. feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military not Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

Goods and and except parts and except type elsewhere Technology Goods

Balance beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods classified

Australia 8,137 (394) 724 5,295 875 1,126 (81) 592 (492) (230) 2,688 9,312 

Brunei 327 1 9 266 2 (11) (1) 60 1 0 199 323 

Canada (23,922) (954) (30,497) 18,761 (12,706) 3,911 (7,196) 4,759 133 (14,505) 7,261 (492)

Chile 1,876 (886) (104) 1,930 498 304 (21) 155 (625) 97 728 2,881 

China (39,517) 651 (112) (3,009) (570) (36,245) (391) 159 1,512 (342) (662) (40,797)

Hong Kong 4,088 1,246 2,950 3,975 208 (4,240) (469) 419 1,379 38 2,931 2,039 

Indonesia (4,248) (221) (1,018) 1,060 (51) (4,059) (29) 70 (682) (536) 104 (2,974)

Japan (47,683) 12,008 3,196 (29,579) (30,093) (3,347) (953) 1,085 11,365 584 (10,343) (67,534)

Korea, South 3,916 2,821 4,401 754 (1,735) (2,997) 302 371 3,744 383 (62) (1,862)

Malaysia (9,303) 376 84 (4,218) (179) (5,372) (187) 194 240 (74) (4,710) (9,518)

Mexico (16,202) 358 3,113 2,966 (15,058) (7,316) (2,494) 2,228 1,654 (5,470) 960 (12,187)

New Zealand 263 (628) 36 640 17 134 (95) 160 (588) (25) 386 969 

Papua New Guinea (16) (23) (54) 54 1 2 0 3 (21) (59) 18 65 

Philippines (2,038) 143 697 73 (176) (2,844) (42) 112 284 92 (498) (2,436)

Singapore (3,655) 158 2,390 (5,912) 29 (246) (553) 479 234 136 (7,135) (4,138)

Taiwan (11,498) 2,423 1,436 (7,886) (142) (8,037) 414 294 2,798 243 (3,057) (15,112)

Thailand (4,125) (1,211) 1,078 (284) (125) (3,826) 67 177 (306) 11 51 (2,939)

Total (143,600) 15,865 (11,667) (15,116) (59,206) (73,063) (11,732) 11,318 20,629 (19,656) (11,141) (144,401)

World (168,488) 19,765 (52,120) 23,388 (65,885) (101,043) (11,217) 18,625 27,994 (64,625) 24,575 (137,207)
US EXPORTS OF GOODS TO EUROPEAN UNION (15) MEMBERS

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods Exports

Total feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military not Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

US Exports and and except parts and except type elsewhere Technology Goods

beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods classified

Austria 2,009 22 126 562 914 275 7 103 28 0 357 1,945 

Belgium 12,520 577 4,593 3,063 810 3,163 101 214 674 15 1,498 9,546 

Denmark 1,730 119 367 922 21 206 24 72 188 1 657 1,468 

Finland 2,438 99 221 578 105 178 1,176 81 126 1 1,529 2,128 

France 14,428 477 3,048 8,345 332 1,629 137 459 490 73 5,883 13,199 

Germany, West 23,474 1,199 4,117 12,068 2,181 2,584 633 692 1,439 15 8,371 21,177 

Greece 820 115 159 234 28 132 125 28 139 4 175 618 

Ireland 3,660 157 708 2,197 17 447 24 110 211 11 1,719 3,377 

Italy 8,785 536 2,722 3,851 226 1,066 148 235 787 32 2,568 6,820 

Luxembourg 242 1 74 110 4 20 28 6 1 0 82 238 

Netherlands 16,615 1,823 4,629 7,469 357 1,755 240 341 2,015 264 5,295 13,415 

Portugal 960 272 197 332 15 82 27 35 290 0 222 561 

Spain 5,486 937 1,406 2,029 210 611 133 160 1,060 7 1,265 3,737 

Sweden 3,429 119 491 1,986 228 329 81 195 128 3 1,444 3,137 

United Kingdom 30,916 1,027 7,566 16,044 918 3,740 513 1,108 1,148 24 11,076 28,658 

Total 87,680 5,396 20,960 39,731 5,012 11,537 2,669 2,375 6,387 417 28,356 74,493 

World 622,827 55,466 147,183 252,393 64,166 70,070 14,924 18,625 60,562 6,388 154,881 522,660 

Share of World 14.1% 9.7% 14.2% 15.7% 7.8% 16.5% 17.9% 12.8% 10.5% 6.5% 18.3% 14.3%
US IMPORTS OF GOODS FROM EUROPEAN UNION (15) MEMBERS

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods

Total feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

US Imports and and except parts and except type Technology Goods

beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods

Austria 2,199 46 416 700 257 703 77 36 0 215 2,138 

Belgium 6,779 154 1,796 1,168 903 2,387 371 136 227 626 6,375 

Denmark 2,137 329 388 692 18 521 191 416 10 148 1,733 

Finland 2,345 49 932 885 32 373 74 55 174 191 2,100 

France 18,630 1,417 4,051 7,611 1,015 3,652 884 958 178 4,849 16,861 

Germany, West 38,943 670 7,585 15,075 10,049 3,894 1,669 712 124 4,459 37,901 

Greece 496 90 266 13 0 88 38 159 47 4 276 

Ireland 4,798 280 987 1,561 27 1,510 433 140 0 1,639 4,463 

Italy 18,222 1,321 3,377 4,959 472 7,582 511 1,303 95 1,275 16,680 

Luxembourg 203 1 139 35 10 7 12 1 3 2 198 

Netherlands 6,617 876 1,957 1,947 60 1,114 663 1,149 188 1,006 5,238 

Portugal 1,016 79 306 167 11 432 20 62 93 54 835 

Spain 4,281 548 1,464 795 265 1,014 195 507 234 221 3,451 

Sweden 7,158 216 1,035 2,623 2,227 684 373 75 26 964 6,880 

United Kingdom 28,892 933 7,007 10,987 2,367 5,606 1,992 399 2,814 6,595 24,862 

Total 102,387 5,313 22,199 34,815 12,855 22,263 4,943 5,126 1,140 14,468 94,799 

World 791,315 35,701 199,303 229,005 130,052 171,112 26,141 32,568 71,013 130,306 659,867 

Share of World 12.9% 14.9% 11.1% 15.2% 9.9% 13.0% 18.9% 15.7% 1.6% 11.1% 14.4%
US BALANCE OF TRADE IN GOODS WITH EUROPEAN UNION (15) MEMBERS

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Overall Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods Exports

U.S. feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military not Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

Goods and and except parts and except type elsewhere Technology Goods

Balance beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods classified

Austria (190) (24) (290) (138) 657 (428) (70) 103 (8) 0 142 (193)

Belgium 5,741 422 2,796 1,895 (93) 776 (269) 214 537 (212) 872 3,172 

Denmark (408) (210) (22) 230 3 (315) (166) 72 (227) (9) 509 (265)

Finland 93 50 (711) (307) 73 (195) 1,102 81 71 (173) 1,338 28 

France (4,202) (939) (1,003) 734 (682) (2,022) (747) 459 (468) (105) 1,034 (3,662)

Germany, West (15,469) 529 (3,467) (3,007) (7,868) (1,310) (1,036) 692 727 (110) 3,912 (16,724)

Greece 324 25 (108) 220 28 44 87 28 (20) (43) 171 342 

Ireland (1,139) (122) (279) 636 (10) (1,063) (410) 110 71 11 80 (1,086)

Italy (9,437) (786) (655) (1,107) (246) (6,516) (363) 235 (516) (63) 1,293 (9,860)

Luxembourg 38 (0) (65) 74 (6) 13 16 6 (0) (3) 80 40 

Netherlands 9,997 947 2,672 5,522 297 641 (423) 341 866 77 4,289 8,178 

Portugal (56) 193 (109) 165 3 (350) 7 35 228 (93) 167 (275)

Spain 1,205 388 (58) 1,235 (55) (403) (61) 160 554 (227) 1,044 286 

Sweden (3,730) (97) (544) (637) (1,999) (354) (293) 195 53 (24) 480 (3,744)

United Kingdom 2,024 94 558 5,057 (1,449) (1,866) (1,479) 1,108 748 (2,790) 4,481 3,796 

Total (14,707) 83 (1,240) 4,916 (7,843) (10,726) (2,273) 2,375 1,261 (723) 13,888 (20,306)

World (168,488) 19,765 (52,120) 23,388 (65,885) (101,043) (11,217) 18,625 27,994 (64,625) 24,575 (137,207)
US EXPORTS OF GOODS TO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods Exports

feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military not Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

Total and and except parts and except type elsewhere Technology Goods

US Exports beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods classified

Angola 268 26 29 181 12 15 0 5 28 1 23 231 

Benin 27 2 4 4 3 13 0 1 2 0 1 13 

Botswana 29 1 0 7 2 1 6 11 1 0 3 27 

Burkina Faso 10 3 3 3 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 5 

Burundi 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 

Cameroon 71 3 13 46 3 5 0 1 3 0 4 59 

Cape Verde 68 5 0 60 1 0 0 1 5 0 60 62 

Central African Rep. 4 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 

Chad 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 

Comoros 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Congo 62 7 6 46 0 1 1 2 7 0 5 55 

Djibouti 8 2 1 1 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 2 

Equatorial Guinea 17 0 3 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 

Eritrea 14 7 0 5 0 0 0 1 8 0 1 6 

Ethiopia 148 36 24 62 4 5 11 5 36 0 19 110 

Gabon 56 0 3 42 6 3 0 1 0 0 2 54 

Gambia 8 2 2 2 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 5 

Ghana 295 63 61 126 12 22 1 11 64 0 9 206 

Guinea 87 12 12 34 4 14 0 10 12 2 4 59 

Guinea-Bissau 7 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 

Ivory Coast 141 20 57 40 10 11 0 3 20 2 5 110 

Kenya 104 10 31 35 9 12 4 4 10 0 20 89 

Lesotho 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 

Liberia 50 37 1 2 1 4 0 4 35 0 0 13 

Madagascar 12 2 1 7 1 1 0 0 2 0 2 10 

Malawi 13 0 1 5 1 4 0 2 0 0 2 10 

Mali 18 0 2 10 3 3 0 1 0 0 2 16 

Mauritania 15 1 2 7 0 5 0 0 1 0 1 10 

Mauritius 25 1 2 14 0 8 0 1 0 0 5 25 

Mozambique 23 10 1 6 1 4 0 1 10 0 1 10 

Namibia 22 5 0 6 6 1 0 4 5 0 3 17 

Niger 27 1 5 3 1 17 0 1 1 0 1 7 

Nigeria 816 159 130 474 19 27 0 8 177 17 26 617 

Rwanda 37 33 0 1 0 2 0 1 33 0 1 3 

Sao Tome/Principe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Senegal 56 5 14 19 3 12 0 2 7 0 5 33 

Seychelles 103 1 1 100 0 2 0 0 1 0 98 102 

Sierra Leone 28 15 2 3 0 6 0 1 15 0 1 9 

Somalia 4 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 

South Africa 3,106 281 851 1,290 205 314 16 150 288 29 536 2,597 

Sudan 50 16 3 28 2 1 0 0 16 0 9 34 

Swaziland 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 

Tanzania 50 5 6 22 2 14 0 2 5 0 8 34 

Togo 20 4 2 8 1 5 0 0 5 0 3 13 

Uganda 17 4 2 7 0 4 0 0 4 0 3 12 

Zaire 73 24 7 26 1 12 0 3 24 0 5 39 

Zambia 46 0 5 16 10 11 0 3 0 0 5 43 

Zimbabwe 91 0 15 44 21 7 1 2 1 0 14 89 

Total 6,140 810 1,305 2,814 346 578 41 246 840 58 891 4,865 

World 622,827 55,466 147,183 252,393 64,166 70,070 14,924 18,625 60,562 6,388 154,881 522,660 

Share of World 1.0% 1.5% 0.9% 1.1% 0.5% 0.8% 0.3% 1.3% 1.4% 0.9% 0.6% 0.9%
US IMPORTS OF GOODS FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods

feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

Total and and except parts and except type Technology Goods

US Imports beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods

Angola 2,687 0 2,678 0 0 1 8 0 2,678 0 9 

Benin 18 0 17 0 0 0 1 1 12 0 5 

Botswana 27 0 1 0 0 24 2 0 0 0 27 

Burkina Faso 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 

Burundi 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 

Cameroon 64 10 49 1 0 4 0 21 35 1 7 

Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Central African Rep. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Chad 7 0 5 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 

Comoros 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 

Congo 315 2 293 0 0 19 0 3 289 0 24 

Djibouti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Equatorial Guinea 76 0 76 0 0 0 0 0 75 0 1 

Eritrea 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Ethiopia 35 22 5 6 0 0 1 24 0 6 8 

Gabon 1,949 1 1,944 0 0 0 3 1 1,916 0 4 

Gambia 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 

Ghana 171 40 21 0 0 109 1 32 3 0 114 

Guinea 116 2 109 0 0 3 3 2 14 0 6 

Guinea-Bissau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Ivory Coast 397 283 92 11 0 10 2 310 53 0 32 

Kenya 107 33 30 4 0 37 2 55 5 3 46 

Lesotho 65 0 0 0 0 65 0 0 0 0 65 

Liberia 27 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 27 

Madagascar 46 22 7 0 0 16 1 26 0 0 15 

Malawi 72 14 57 0 0 1 0 71 0 0 2 

Mali 5 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 4 

Mauritania 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Mauritius 217 22 1 11 0 179 4 14 0 9 193 

Mozambique 27 24 2 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 1 

Namibia 27 11 13 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 14 

Niger 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

Nigeria 5,849 10 5,833 0 0 2 4 34 5,798 0 13 

Rwanda 9 7 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 

Sao Tome/Principe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Senegal 5 1 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 5 

Seychelles 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 

Sierra Leone 22 1 2 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 20 

Somalia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

South Africa 2,323 118 1,764 119 64 197 61 107 14 12 1,789 

Sudan 19 6 12 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 2 

Swaziland 30 8 4 0 0 17 0 8 0 0 19 

Tanzania 19 5 3 0 0 10 1 4 0 0 12 

Togo 4 1 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 

Uganda 16 16 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 

Zaire 250 2 158 0 0 90 1 3 124 0 116 

Zambia 64 0 60 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 64 

Zimbabwe 133 18 96 1 1 15 2 49 0 0 77 

Total 15,226 685 13,353 157 65 856 110 832 11,017 34 2,730 

World 791,315 35,701 199,303 229,005 130,052 171,112 26,141 32,568 71,013 130,306 659,867 

Share of World 1.9% 1.9% 6.7% 0.1% 0.0% 0.5% 0.4% 2.6% 15.5% 0.0% 0.4%
US BALANCE OF TRADE IN GOODS WITH SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

1996 

 (Millions of US dollars)

Consumer

Overall Foods, Industrial Capital Automotive goods Exports

U.S. feeds supplies goods vehicles (non-food) Military not Agriculture Petroleum High Manufact'd

Goods and and except parts and except type elsewhere Technology Goods

Balance beverages materials automotive engines automotive goods classified

Angola (2,419) 26 (2,649) 181 12 14 (8) 5 28 (2,677) 23 222 

Benin 9 2 (13) 4 3 13 (1) 1 1 (12) 1 8 

Botswana 2 1 (0) 7 2 (23) 4 11 1 0 2 1 

Burkina Faso 6 3 (1) 3 0 1 (0) 0 (0) 0 1 5 

Burundi 0 (1) (1) 1 0 1 (0) 0 (1) 0 1 1 

Cameroon 6 (7) (36) 45 3 1 (0) 1 (18) (34) 3 53 

Cape Verde 67 5 0 60 1 0 (0) 1 5 0 60 62 

Central African Rep. 4 0 0 3 0 1 (0) 0 (0) 0 1 3 

Chad (4) 2 (5) 0 0 0 (2) 0 2 0 0 (1)

Comoros (6) (6) (0) 0 0 (0) (0) 0 (2) 0 0 (0)

Congo (253) 4 (287) 46 0 (18) 0 2 4 (288) 5 31 

Djibouti 8 2 1 1 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 2 

Equatorial Guinea (59) 0 (73) 13 0 0 (0) 0 0 (75) 0 16 

Eritrea 12 7 (1) 5 0 0 (0) 1 8 0 1 5 

Ethiopia 113 14 19 56 4 4 10 5 12 0 13 102 

Gabon (1,893) (1) (1,941) 42 6 3 (3) 1 (1) (1,916) 2 51 

Gambia 7 2 2 2 0 1 (0) 0 2 0 0 3 

Ghana 124 23 39 126 12 (87) (1) 11 32 (2) 9 91 

Guinea (29) 11 (98) 34 4 12 (3) 10 10 (12) 4 53 

Guinea-Bissau 7 (0) 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 

Ivory Coast (256) (263) (36) 30 10 1 (2) 3 (290) (50) 5 78 

Kenya (2) (23) 0 31 9 (26) 1 4 (45) (5) 16 43 

Lesotho (63) 2 0 0 0 (65) (0) 0 2 0 0 (65)

Liberia 23 37 1 2 1 (22) (0) 4 35 0 0 (14)

Madagascar (34) (20) (6) 7 1 (15) (1) 0 (25) 0 2 (5)

Malawi (59) (13) (56) 5 1 3 (0) 2 (70) 0 2 8 

Mali 13 0 0 9 3 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 1 11 

Mauritania 10 1 (3) 7 0 4 0 0 1 0 1 10 

Mauritius (192) (22) 1 3 0 (171) (4) 1 (13) 0 (3) (168)

Mozambique (4) (14) (1) 6 1 4 (0) 1 (16) 0 1 9 

Namibia (5) (7) (13) 6 6 0 (2) 4 5 (1) 3 3 

Niger 26 1 5 2 1 17 (0) 1 1 0 1 6 

Nigeria (5,033) 149 (5,704) 474 19 25 (3) 8 143 (5,781) 26 604 

Rwanda 29 26 (1) 1 0 2 (0) 1 26 0 1 3 

Sao Tome/Principe (0) 0 (0) 0 0 0 (0) 0 0 0 0 (0)

Senegal 50 4 13 19 3 11 (2) 2 7 0 4 28 

Seychelles 100 1 0 99 0 2 (2) 0 0 0 98 100 

Sierra Leone 6 14 0 3 0 (13) (0) 1 15 0 1 (11)

Somalia 4 3 0 0 0 1 (0) 0 3 0 0 1 

South Africa 784 164 (913) 1,171 142 117 (46) 150 181 15 524 808 

Sudan 32 9 (9) 28 2 1 (0) 0 9 0 9 32 

Swaziland (28) (7) (4) 0 (0) (17) (0) 0 (8) 0 0 (16)

Tanzania 31 (0) 3 22 2 3 (1) 2 0 0 8 22 

Togo 16 4 (0) 8 1 4 (1) 0 3 (1) 3 11 

Uganda 1 (12) 2 7 0 4 (0) 0 (12) 0 3 12 

Zaire (177) 23 (151) 26 1 (78) (0) 3 21 (123) 5 (77)

Zambia (19) (0) (56) 16 10 8 (1) 3 (0) 0 5 (21)

Zimbabwe (42) (17) (81) 43 19 (8) (1) 2 (48) 0 14 13 

Total (9,086) 125 (12,048) 2,657 281 (278) (69) 246 8 (10,959) 857 2,135 

World (168,488) 19,765 (52,120) 23,388 (65,885) (101,043) (11,217) 18,625 27,994 (64,625) 24,575 (137,207)