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W. A. CARTER, Governor- President W. P. Lebi k, Lieutenant Governor Will Arev

! Information Officer

JiHk .fi-te-l.

Official Panama Canal Company Publication

Published Monthly At Balboa Heights, C. Z.

Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, Canal Zone

N. D. Chkistensen, Press Officer Joseph Connor, Publications Editor

Editorial Assistants: Eunice Richard and Tom Bittel

William Burns, Official Photographer

On sale at all Panama Canal Service Centers, Retail Stores, and The Tivoli Guest House for 10 days after publication date at 5 cent! each. Subscriptions, $1 a year; mall and back copies, 10 cents each.

1 money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights, C. Z. Editorial offices are located in the Administration Building, Balboa Heights, C. Z.

Joiner on Jirdt Canal Vrandit

A PARTIAL TRANSIT through the Canal was made last month

by Gov. W. A. Carter and Lt. Gov. W. P. Leber aboard the Orient

Line's new 40,000-ton passenger liner Oriana. The ship was making

her first trip through the Canal as part of her maiden voyage

around the world. The cover photograph pictures the Governor

and Lieutenant Governor high atop the ship, with the Governor's

flag and the pilot's flags whipping in the breeze behind them.

One of the largest passenger ships to transit the waterway since

the old German liner Bremen established the record in 1939, the

Oriana arrived at Ralboa from the west coast of the United States and tied up overnight in Balboa. She made the northbound transit the following day and then spent the night in Cristobal before

proceeding to Great Britain. A great-great-grandson of an Admiral who fought with Admiral

Nelson at Trafalgar is in command of the new ship. Capt. Clifford

Edgecombe, R.D., R.N.R., a former H.M.S. Worcester naval cadet

who joined the Orient Line in 1934, played host to the Governor

and his party aboard the ship. British Ambassador G. E. Vaughan

also was a guest of Captain Edgecombe for the transit. The

Captain, like his ancestor, Adm. Sir Charles Bletsoe, also has seen wartime duty. He served with the British Navy during World

War II. returning; to the Orient Line after the war and being made

a captain in 1955.

In This Issue

Maintaining the Waterway 3

Stepping Out 5

Mr. Health Bureau 6

Pied Piper With a Trombone 7

Jul v in the Canal Zone S

Jay Bee's in Port—It's Lobster Time. . 10

From Sea Rover to Wall Decoration 11

Copper for World's Industries 12

Cable Splicing Made Easy 14

Safetv Pavs—In More Ways Than One 15

Hospital Rates, Insurance Coverage Compared 16

Canal History 17

Retirements 17

Anniversaries 18

Pr< (motions and Transfers 19

Worth Knowing 20

Modern Civic Center Planned 21

Shipping Statistics 22

Shipping 24_

2 August 4, 1961
"y yiitfrfWiu 4i tai oi te

Lights aglow as night settles over Garun Lake, the Canal's big suction dredge pursues the task of removing high spots in the channel. Maintaining the Waterway

Suction dredge Mindi vacuums floor of Canal's

channels, scouring away depth-reducing high spots.

To keep the dredge operating 16 hours a day, workmen repair pipeline during darkness. A VESSEL which has no motive power

of its own but has to be shoved from one

place to another by a tug if it is moving

very far has been plodding through

Garun Lake the past 3 weeks on 66-ton

stilts and sweeping high spots from

the Lake section of the Canal channel. The suction dredge Mindi, its 36-inch

maw chewing its way back and forth across the Lake bottom in a massive

simulation of milady using a vacuum

cleaner, has removed approximately

300,000 cubic yards of material from

the channel since it moved into the Lake July 10. Working about 5 miles north of Gamboa, the Mindi has been operated

16 hours per day, 5 days a week, with

both crew members and supplies shuttled back and forth between it and Gamboa

by launch and tug. In addition to the

fuel used to fire the boilers which power

the main turbine and its auxiliaries, the supplies include food for those aboard.

The Panama Canal Review
Workers on each watch have a meal

aboard the vessel during their 8 hours of duty and 6 crewmen who stay aboard

throughout the week have all their meals

provided. Most of those working on the Mindi, however, spend onlv 8 hours at a time on board, then leave until it is time for them to go back on duty.

Shortly after dawn each weekday,

crew members and operating officers for the first watch assemble at Gamboa for the trip to the dredge. Those on the second watch assemble shortly before 3 p.m., and the vessel which takes them

to the dredge returns the first watch

group to Gamboa.

These men who operate the vessel are

a hard), much-traveled lot. Many of them, including Master David J. Burkett. have worked for the Canal before and

have had experience on the Mindi. A

number of them were recruited in order

to put the dredge back into operation

after 2

1 2 years of idleness.

All of the operating officers have one

thing in common, though: They are

familiar with dredging equipment. Most

of them have been employed in harbor

and channel dredging projects along the

shores of North and South America.

Captain Burkett, who has been

employed by the Canal for 28 years, has had experience aboard both the Mindi

and other dredges. Recentlv, while on

leave from the Canal, he worked aboard

the dredge Sea Haven at Las Minas Bay.

Throughout the 16 hours of the two

watches, from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m., the dredge swings to and fro in the channel,

the 22-ton cutter head at the front of the

vessel gobbling up rocks, mud, and other

debris from the bottom. The powerful vacuum draws tons of material into the

Discharge line from dredge spews material into a section of the Lake which a few days

earlier was 25 feet deep, but has been filled by discharged material, including those rocks.

big centrifugal pump, which forces it almost half a mile through a 28-inch

pipeline and discharges it into the Lake

far from the channel. The side-to-side sweeping motion of the dredge is achieved by using 7-ton anchors on opposite sides of the vessel. Cables attached to these anchors are

reeled in alternately, forcing the dredge

to swing toward first one anchor and

then the other. Minor forward movements of the dredge are made by using the two 66-ton spuds at the rear as stilts. While the

Dredge Master David J. Burkett, right, and Second Mate Hairy J. Harrison take their turn at dinner as other officers keep the dredge in continuous operation despite brief break for meal.

cutter head is being swung from side

to side, the spuds serve to hold the vessel

in place. But when the dredge is to be

moved forward, one of the spuds is lifted while the Mindi is at one edge of a swing, then the vessel is swung in the other direction and the spud is lowered.

The procedure then is repeated with the second spud, moving the vessel forward

approximately 8 feet. The length of the cutting head deter- mines the forward movement on each

bite, just as the width of a broom deter- mines the width which can be swept

with it in one movement. Mounted on

the end of the 100-foot long ladder which

extends in front of the dredge, the cutting head revolves continuously, chewing

up virtually everything in its path and

making the material small enough to pass through the pumps and pipeline.

Although the cutting head is capable

of smashing rocks into bits, it occasionally encounters something that is too solid for it to break. If the object seems to be

simply a large rock, rather than a solid mass of stone, the dredge operator may

maneuver his cutting head to dig a big

hole direetlv alongside the offending

obstruction. The ladder and cutting head

then are lifted to the opposite side of the rock and used to shove it into the hole,

where it will be below the bottom surface

of the channel.

Occasionally, the vacuum of the dredge

will suck something in which the rest of the mechanism is unable to handle. Such

a large pieceof material sometimes hangs

up in the centrifugal pump or elsewhere. (See p. 21)

August 4, 1961
Man Wearing

Many Hats

Stepping Out

HENRY L. DONOVAN, who wears

eight different hats under a single title, Director of the Canal Zone Civil Affairs Bureau, is about to exchange his manyfaceted position for retirement and, in the immediate future, a trip around

the world. Accompanied bv Mrs. Donovan, he

will leave the Canal Zone August 28 on

the SS Pretoria, a 12-passenger, freightertype ship, en route to Copenhagen, with

several stops scheduled along the way. The Donovans plan to spend several weeks in Denmark, then visit Sweden

and Norway. Although the Donovans

have been in Europe before, this will be their first visit to the Scandinavian

countries. Boarding ship once again, thev will travel to Manila, through the Mediterranean, with stops in several storvbook

countries along the way. They will have

a chance to see the Suez Canal, and visit Hong Kong, Japan, and Hawaii before

returning to the United States sometime

after the first of Januarv.

In California, Mr. and Mrs. Donovan

plan to spend quite a while with former

Canal employees who are old friends of the couple. Then will come a trip to Arizona and a look around the Phoenix

area, followed by a visit in Chicago with

their daughter, Peggy Ann, who is doing

social service work in South Bend, Ind. From this point, weather will play a part

in plans. If the weather is inclement in the Boston area, a Florida visit will be

indicated, with Boston shelved until fair weather returns. Eventually, they expect to make their home in Florida. Mr. Donovan has headed the Civil

Affairs Bureau since November 1953. Policemen, firemen, teachers, customs

inspectors, postal employees, librarians, license bureau, and civil defense unit personnel all are under his direction. He was born in Brookline, Mass., and was working for the Boston Engineering

Department in 1929 when he took and

passed a civil service examination which

led to a job as a structural draftsman in what is now the Panama Canal's EngiThe Panama Canal Review 5

Mr. and

Mrs. Donovan

on stairs of

Administration

Building,

with Balboa and Sosa Hill

in background.

neering Division. He and his bride were

on their wedding trip when thev came

here in October that vear. He was loaned as Chief Building

Inspector to the Constructing Quartern- master during the construction of the

present towns of Gatun and Gamboa. In 1937, he returned to his position as structural designer. After several promotions, he was assigned to Quarry Heights

in 1945 as an engineering consultant and

served on the Commanding General's

staff as civilian adviser on matters relating

to the Panama Canal and the Republicof Panama. He returned to the Canal

organization in 1950 as the first Director

of the Community Sen ices Bureau. Since

1953 he has been Director of the Civil

Affairs Bureau. Mr. Donovan was awarded the Gold

Medal of Panama during 1956 ceremonies commemorating the 69th annivesary

of the founding of the Cuerpo de Bomberos, Panama's firefighting force. The

medal was given in appreciation of the cooperation between the firefighting forces of the Canal Zone and Panama.

Civil Affairs Director Donovan accepted

it on behalf of the Canal Zone Fire

Division. Mr. Donovan was president of the Balboa Baseball Club and the Canal Zone

Baseball League, and was the first Commissioner for Little League Baseball. He

also has been active in Canal Zone Red

Cross work, and served as campaign

chairman during two fund drives. He

also served as Regional Director of Civil Defense during World War II and inter- mittently as Director for the entire Zone. Mrs. Donovan, who also has been

active in the Red Cross, is an active member and a former president of the Inter-American Woman's Club.
WILLIAM BROWN,

Assistant to Health Director, Retiring.

WILLIAM BROWN, who is retiring

early next month as Assistant to Director of the Canal Zone Government Health

Bureau, for 33 years has made the Health Bureau his life. He has worked in all

divisions, coming up through the ranks to

his present position and he understands

operational details intimately.

A tireless devotion to duty, a high

sense of ethics and intellectual honesty,

and a sympathetic understanding of the problems that beset the big, the little, the sick, and the poor, are all part of him. He was the confidant of Health

Directors and Governors and at the same

time his telephone and door were open

for the problems or imagined problems

of any employee. Actually the hale, the

lame, and the blind came to his desk for counsel and help. The)- were never

turned away.

In addition to his humanistic qualities

he was efficient in his job, keeping

abreast of the many rapid and, at times,

bewildering changes in organizational

structure, personnel, and fiscal policies,

fat years and Kan years, particularly the

latter. He represented a continuity and

bridge of factual information and historical background between successive Directors and Governors that was

invaluable.

Bill Brown, who was born in Omaha,

Nebr., arrived in the Canal Zone in 1926

in the U.S. Army—he was stationed at Quarry Heights where he was the Post Sergeant Major. On receiving an honorable discharge in May 1928, he was

employed at Gorgas Hospital and has been continuously with the Health

Bureau since that time. In effect, he has

held the position of Assistant to the Health Director foi 20 years. During liis career he has witnessed

Mr. Health

Bureau

many changes in the Bureau and in the

entire Canal organization. He participated in planning the expansion of the Bureau to provide medical and dental

care to the personnel of those engaged

in big Zone projects during the early

1940's, the tremendous expansion of medical facilities to care for the vast increase in the number of military per- sonnel and civilian employees of all agencies during World War II, and the

ultimate contraction after the war. He

can tell about the patients who were

bitten by snakes while pioneering the Madden Highway through the then

impregnable jungles, medical aspects of the construction of Madden Dam in the

early 1930s, and on the contractors'

liberal policy in covering hospital bills

for employees who participated in construction of Albrook Field when it was

just a "sock" and an "airdrome."

With a little urging he can be led to reminisce about the hospital car attached

to the noon train of the Panama Rail- road, which transported patients from

the Atlantic side to Gorgas, the planning,

construction, operation, and ultimate

demolition of Margarita Hospital, the Section "E" Hospital, the merchant

marine clinics, dispensaries in each town,

the 30 to 40 first aid stations operated

at construction locations from Chame,

to Casa Larga, to Howard Field, and even on construction sites of the

Transisthmian Highway.

As to more recent times, he can tell of the campaign conducted in collaboration with the Republic of Panama to eradi- cate the yellow fever mosquito in this area during the late 1940s. Although he

is not a doctor, he can convincingly

discuss and demonstrate the beneficial aspects to humanity here in the Canal

Zone which have resulted from the dis- coveries and application of the sulfa

drugs, antibiotics, and of the presently

used insecticides. When he joined the organization,

Gorgas was known as Ancon Hospital, the Health Bureau as the Health Department, and the Canal Zone Government

as ThePanamaCanal. The Health Director then had the title of Chief Health

Officer, And, of the 18 Health Directors

since General Gorgas, he has served

under 12 of them.

The present Health Director, Col. Erling S. Fugelso, and Bill Brown were

classmates at the 13th Interagency Insti- tute for Federal Hospital Administrators,

conducted in Washington, D.C., in October and November 1956. Those in distress and those saddened

and bewildered by illness or death in the family, and others who sought or needed his help, will long remember

Bill Brown. He always has been anxious

to help those in distress or "tied up in red tape." To a grateful "thank you" he

responds "we're in business to help you

—that's why I'm here." Attesting to his insight into human

problems, and his understanding of human relations are the letters of appreciation which have been presented to him by departing Health Bureau

Directors. As a hobby, Mr. Brown is an amateur

watchmaker, a field that he developed

through his own study of the intricate, minute mechanisms which offered him

an interesting challenge.

Accompanied by his wife and two

daughters, Ruth and Marian, Mr. Brown

will leave this month for San Jose, Calif. Their two sons are already in the United

States—the older, Richard, is in Califor- nia and the younger, Wayne, is in Atlanta, Ga., taking his final year in post

graduate work leading to a master's degree in public health.

6 August 4, 1961
Balboa High School

music instructor

taking year's leave

of absence to work

on advanced degree.

Victor Herr iii a typical pose as he directs one of the groups he has instructed here since 1950.

Pied Piper With a Trombone

VICTOR HERR, a Pied Piper with a trombone, who has led hundreds of Canal Zone boys and girls down melody

lane, is leaving the Isthmus the first of September on a year's leave of absence

to work for his Doctor of Education

degree, with a major in music, at Columbia University.

He is planning to sail on the SS Cris- tobal for New Orleans, and from there probably will fly to New York via west- ern Massachusetts. A visit along the upper Hudson River Valley also is part

of his plans for the period before school

starts September 26. Mr. Herr has been with the Canal

Zone Division of Schools since September 1950, when he came to the Isthmus

as music teacher in the Balboa Junior

High School. The following year he

became music instructor at Balboa High

School, a position he has held ever since. A native of Everett, Wash., he was

graduated from the Everett, Wash.,

High School in 1945. From 1945 to 1946, he was a noncommissioned officer in the U.S. Army Air Corps and a member of the band, where he principally played trombone. As a band member, he traveled throughout the United

States and played for President Truman

at his home in Independence, Mo.

After receiving an honorable dis- charge, he was a scholarship student and was graduated with honors in 1948 from Everett Junior College. In 1949, he

received his bachelor of music education degree at Denver University and

attended Columbia University for a semester before coming to the Isthmus.

In 1952, he received his master of arts degree at Columbia University, and he

has taken advanced studies at the University of Colorado, University of Washington, and Columbia University.

Since he has been here, he has devel- oped a marching band. This year, for the first time in Balboa High School

history, the ROTC had its own band.

This is the third year that Mr. Herr has worked with the summer music

program, which is beamed primarily at elementary school students and beginners' music studies. As there is no instru- mental music program in the elementary

schools in the Canal Zone, many children have their first introduction to musical

instruments through the summer course. Some have continued their interest in music and, in high school years, have

become part of the school band.

Some 14 of Mr. Heir's pupils have

received music scholarships in the

United States, and several are teaching

music now. Most outstanding of his students has been Don M. Randel, a major in music at Princeton University,

in the top 5 percent of his class, and

student conductor of the Princeton band,

who plans to continue studying until he

receives his doctor of philosophy degree.

Young Randel plans to become a

musicologist after completing his studies. Mr. Herr has been Canal Zone Carnival committee chairman for 2 years. With Don Musselman of the high school

faculty, he wrote the Tivoli Pageant and

the Roosevelt Centennial Pageant. He is a Past Exalted Ruler of Elks Lodge 1414

and in 1956 won the American Legion

award for the outstanding teacher in Canal Zone schools. While in New York, Mr. Herr will share an apartment with two young

writers. In addition to his studies, he

hopes to do some traveling in Europe

before he returns to the Isthmus. During his absence, James Breen of Kingsport, Tenn., also a professional

trombone plaver, will be instructor of music at Balboa High School. He will arrive about August 20 to spend a few

weeks with Mr. Herr before the latter leaves. Mr. Breen is a Marine Corps

veteran of World War II, is married, and

has two children of grade school age.

The Panama Canal Review
July

in the

Canal Zone

Who needs any explanation about the Fourth.

A CANAL ZONE policeman was

honored last month by the Republic of Panama by being made a member of the Order of Vasco Nunez de Balboa in the grade of Knight Commander. The presentation to Policeman Casey J. Hall

took place during a picturesque cere- mony in the village of Laguna in the Gatun Lake region.

The award was made in recognition

of Policeman Hall's humanitarian work

during the time he was assigned to water

A lit ^^b

patrol duty in Gatun Lake. Camilo Levy

Salcedo, Chief of Protocol of the Republic of Panama, made the presentation on

behalf of Panama President Roberto

F. Chiari. Speakers included Belisario Guevara, who spoke for residents of the village.

Those visiting Laguna for the program,

in addition to Policeman Hall and the Chief of Protocol, included Zone Police Chief E. S. Shipley and several other Canal Zone police officials.

EDWARD KENNEDY, the 29-year- old brotherof President John F.Kennedy,

accompanied Gov. W. A. Carter on an

inspection tour of the locks and made a

partial tranist of the Canal during Ins brief visit to Panama last month. He is shown here with the Governor as they

inspected the Cut-widening.

8 August 4, 1961
ADM. ARLEIGH A. BURKE, Chief of U.S. Naval Operations, became a member of The Esteemed Order of Bearers of the Master Key to the Panama Canal when he called on Governor Carter at Balboa Heights last month. The Governor

presented Admiral Burke with the master kev and certificate. Accompanying the visiting Admiral, who was returning to the United States from dedication ceremonies for Ecuador's new Naval Academy, were Rear Adm. Eugene J. Peltier, Chief

of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, Rear Adm. John Quinn.

Director of Pan American Affairs, and Rear Adm. Richard S. Craighill, Commandant, 15th Naval District, who was host

to Admiral Burke during his brief visit in the Zone.

THE FIRST sightseeing trip aboard the Canal's new launch Las Cruccs was made by a delegation of 150 women of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, who paid a 2-day visit to the Isthmus while en route home after attending a convention

in Rio de Janeiro. The 63-foot launch has a 23-foot beam, is fitted with double

decks, and can comfortably carrv 200 passengers. It was

acquired by the Canal to provide a convenient method for visiting groups to view the Canal and is expected to help

Panama in the development of its tourist trade. Arrangements for reservations to use the launch may be made

by telephoning Balboa 3192. The vessel is available on a rental basis for use by Company-Government employees, religious,

civic, fraternal, and similar organizations, tourist agencies, and

other organized and responsible groups.

LATIN AMERICAN military commanders, assembled on the Isthmus for their second annual conference, were

addressed in Spanish by Governor Carter during a visit to Miraflores Locks. The

visit to the locks was made prior to boarding the Canal's new sightseeing

launch Las duces for a partial transit of the Canal as guests of the Governor. The military conference, which was in session throughout the second week of

July, was designed to allow direct dis- cussion of mutual problems, permit an exchange of ideas, and to strengthen

the bonds of friendship and understanding among countries of the Western

Hemisphere.

Considerably larger than last year's conference, the representation this year by the United States and 16 Latin

American nations encompassed an

area of 10,775,000 square miles with

a total population in excess of 367

million persons.

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The Panama Canal Review
Miamians change native

fishing habits to build

lobstering business at

Corn Island.

Mr. and Mrs. Bowers pause for a moment of relaxation aboard their sea-going home.

fiay, (BeeA 3n Port - - 3tk J^pbster vime

ONCE EACH MONTH a 104-foot

fishing boat arrives at Cristobal and the word quickly spreads among Atlanticside residents that the Jay Bee is in port

again. That grapevine-acquired knowledge is the signal for lobster lovers to head for the vessel to buy a supply of frozen lobster tails. The Jay Bee, a dissel-powered boat

built in Florida in 1944, is the only

fishing boat which makes regular trips into Cristobal with quick-frozen, freshly

caught lobster aboard. Although individual sales are made

while the boat is in port, most of the frozen lobster is transshipped from

Cristobal to New York City, normally

being transferred directly from the

refrigerated hold of the fishing craft to

a New York-bound ship.

Owned by a family corporation headed

by C. C. Bowers, a native of Miami, the Jay Bee has been a familiar vessel in these parts for the past 8 years. It was in 1953 that Bowers and his wife first came

to the Canal area to try their hand at shrimp fishing in both the Atlantic and

the Pacific. After 5 years of shrimping and faced

by declining prices, Mr. and Mrs. Bowers

in 1958 decided to try to develop a lobstering business at Corn Island, 40

miles off the coast of Nicaragua. After

making the necessary arrangements with

Nicaragua, the couple started buying

lobsters from the natives of the island. "Our first trip up there we only got

358 pounds of lobster," Mr. Bowers said

recently, "but this last trip we brought

back more than 13,000 pounds."

He said when they first went to the

island the natives used lobster pots made

of a local cane and lobstered in water no more than 2 fathoms deep.

"They didn't think lobsters lived in more than 2 fathoms of water," Bowers

said, "and it took us a long time to teach them to lobster in deeper water. We also had to help them develop a lobster pot

suitable for use in deep water." For Bowers, who has been a fisher- man all his life "except for a little while

in the Navy during World War I," the problem of locating and catching lobster

i:i the deeper spots near the island was

no great problem, but convincing the

natives that he knew what he was talking

about was somewhat difficult. "We finally convinced them, though,"

Bowers says. Virtually the only industry on the

island which the Jay Bee uses as its base

of operations are a couple of coconut

oil presses, neither of which has been

in operation much in recent months

because of the depressed price of the oil. Consequently, many of the natives have

turned to fishing for lobsters to sell to Bowers and thus earn a living.

A quick-freeze unit which was used

aboard the Jay Bee during the early

months of the Corn Island venture and

prior to that for the boat's shrimping

activities has been taken ashore and

housed in a small processing plant which

the Bowers' recently completed.

About 20 natives of the island are employed in the processing plant, which

is managed by Mr. Bowers' brother,

R. M. Bowers, who remains on the island,

buying and processing lobster while

the ship makes its once-a-month trip to Cristobal. Six seamen work aboard the fishing

boat, which has not been actively

engaged in fishing efforts during the

initial period of the Corn Island venture.

"If we get back to fishing as well as buying the natives' catch, we'll add 12

or 15 crewmen to help," Bowers said. Admitting that the first year and a

half at Corn Island were "rough" from

a financial standpoint, Mr. and Mrs. Bowers report that with the increasing

volume of lobster which they now are able to purchase, the situation is some- what improved and they hope to have

the operation on a more sound basis soon.

10 August 4, 1961
Fisherman Leo Krziza examines fishing trophies under gleaming bulk of 540-pound black marlin decorating wall of his office in Ancon. 3rom Sea J\over to Wall Jbecoration

THE ONLY 540-pound black marlin to adorn a Panama

Canal Company office has been mounted on a wall of the Motor

Transportation Division office in Ancon, directly above the head of Leo Krziza, Administrative Assistant, and the man

responsible for the marlin's transfer from sea rover to Iandlubberly room decoration. Fisherman Krziza—and the marlin—also are responsible for keeping the marlin record on the Isthmus, saving it from

the threat of being carried to Miami by Mrs. Betsy

Walker, who had been leading with a 518-pound marlin. Mr. Krziza's 540-pound marlin, the largest caught in Panama waters in the year 1960, was landed on December 9

last year in the waters of Pinas Bay, Gulf of Panama, near

the frontier of Colombia, about 130 miles southeast of Balboa. He used heavy tackle and, for bait, a bonita that weighed

approximately 5 pounds. The record marlin, the second

member of the marlin family to be caught by Mr. Krziza in that one afternoon's fishing, 'is 12 feet, 1 inch long and has a

girth of 64 inches. It was landed in only 35 minutes. There's a bit of irony intermingled with the story of the record-breaking marlin catch. Leo, who is a committee chair- man of the Panama Marlin Club Committee, had participated

in the Panama Marlin Club tournament last November, but

didn't catch a single fish. On leave during December, he went

out on the fishing yacht Seri and after five fruitless-or, rather, fishless-days was practically on the way home when he met

with phenomenal fisherman's luck, boating not one, but two

marlin in quick succession. The first weighed 368 pounds.

The second cinched the year's record for Mr. Krziza. The record catch fulfilled a personal ambition Leo has had

for years, and brought him handsome trophies, including a

silver cup inscribed by the Panama Marlin Club as first prize

in the annual competition. Incidentally, the Company-Government is cooperating in the International Marlin and Sailfish Tournament this year, as it has in the past. The contest is from

July 29 through September 4. The 1960 record marlin, however, is not the largest marlin Mr. Krziza has ever landed. In November 1958 he caught a

552-pound marlin about 10 hours before that year's tournament

closed and, with it, took second prize. Mr. Krziza's 1960 first prize marlin was shipped to a taxi- dermist in Miami to be mounted, a task that took 6 months

to complete.

If the marlin had been eye-popping when brought to Balboa,

its return from the taxidermist was almost as spectacular, for the crate that contained the mounted marlin was of the dimensions of a piano box. Which isn't surprising, considering that the span of the tail alone, from tip to tip, is 45 inches, or practically 4 feet, quite aside from the 12-foot length of the fish. Happy fisherman with the two marlin he caught in a single afternoon.

The Panama Canai, Review 11

ll-<i-L>0

Copper ore is grow

. «,• Molten copper produced from concentrated ore goes into furnace. Copper ingots arc loaded aboard ship in harbor at San Antonio, Chile.

Copper particles are Boated oil the milled ore. Aerial tramway carries ore concentrate from mill to.ejte,

Through the Isthmian Waterway

Copper for World's Industries

Shells for marine horns get final touches at Marion, Ind.. plant. Some 1,500 pounds of copper were used torepair tMs motor for Canal

VIRT

tory, bus

of trans]

UALLY ever) home, facness establishment, and humus

>ortation and communication

throughout the industrialized nations "I

thi world have one thing in common:

rhej depend on copper in some form.

Chilean throughLine freighter Imperial is one of several ships which enrrj copper bigots the (anal on regular runs between South America, United States, and Europe.

Copper has been a factor in the rise of

entire civilizations. Believed by many to be the first metal used by man, scientists

sa\ main of its uses were known as much

asl0,000years ago. TheIndians of North

America, who bad not even developed

the wheel when Columbus discovered

the New World, worked the copper mines

in the Lake Superior region long before

the great navigator arrived. They used

the metal to fashion implements of both war and peace. The United States produces more

copper than any other country in the world, followed by Chile and then

Canada. Mining and smelting of the versatile ore is Chile's biggest industry. Much of the copper produced in Chile and its neighbor to the north, Peru, is shipped through the Panama Canal to the United States and Europe. The greatest known copper deposit in

tii world is Chile's open pit mine, Chuquicamata. The country also has the (Seep. 14)

L2 August 4. 1961
{Continued from p. 13)

world's greatest underground copper

mine, El Teniente. Both are located at an altitude of more than 8,000 feet in the Andes, with El Teniente in central Chile

and the other in the northern part of the country.

The mines of central Peru, like their cousins in Chile, nestle in the Andes

range. These deposits have made Peru

the second-ranking producer of copper

in South America. Mexico, too, is an

important producer of copper, with major

deposits in the northeastern State of Sonora and in lower California. The word "copper" is derived from the Latin cuprum, or cyprium, the Latin name for the island of Cyprus, renowned

in ancient times for its copper mines and

thus lending its name to the metal. Because of its great variety of properties copper is indispensable in industry.

Copper products are utilized principally

in light and power lines, telephones, tel- egraphs, radios, television, automobiles,

airplanes, railways, and shipbuilding.

To recover copper from ores, one of two methods generally is used: Concentration followed by smelting of the concentrate, or leaching with acid followed

by electrolytic precipitation. The electrolytic copper produced by the latter method is melted into ingots for sale. In the concentration method, the ore

is crushed and ground, then reagents are used which cause the particles of copper

to separate from the other materials and

rise to the top on bubbles of air forced through a mixture of water and the pulverized ore. These copper-encrusted bubbles over- flow from the flotation machine, then the water which goes with them is removed

to further concentrate the copper. At the El Teniente mine in Chile this concentrate is loaded into 1-ton buckets on an

aerial tramway which carries it to the Caletones smelter, 4 miles from the mine

at Sewell. The smelting process separates the copper from the impurities still in the

concentrates, thus producing almost pure copper which then is cast into ingots.

Some of the copper thus produced later

is refined further to make an even more

pure metal for electrical wire and

similar uses. Operation of the Panama Canal has

contributed greatly to the development

of the copper industry in both Chile and

Peru. Because of the Canal, copper from

those countries can be shipped to other

countries of the world economically and

at prices competitive with copper mined

elsewhere. More than 550,000 long tons

of the metal was shipped through the Canal to Europe and the United States

in 1960, along with approximately

80,000 long tons of ore.

Cable

Splicing

Made

Easy

A MACHINE which can fasten two

pieces of steel cable together in seconds

and do it better and quicker than the laborious splicing formerly used has

been added to the equipment of the

Industrial Division. Using 500 tons of hydraulically

created pressure, the machine clamps a

steel sleeve around two ends of cable,

fastening them as securely as if they

had been made a single piece.

The steel sleeve is slightly oval before

being used and the two ends of cable

are placed inside it, one atop the other. The collar then is set in the die-equipped

jaw of the machine, which squeezes it so tightly that the sleeve is round and

smooth when removed.

Not only is the resulting junction

stronger and more quickly made than

by the old method of intertwining the

cable strands, but there are no sharp

ends of cable protruding to snatch and

Howard Clark inspects cable after test in which line broke but sleeve splice held.

tear hands and clothing when the cable

is being used.

In a test conducted at the Industrial Division to check on the strength of the

junction made by the swedged steel sleeve, the cable broke at approximately

double its certified strength, but the junction still held, unmarred by the

strain experienced by the rest of

the cable. The machine has been installed in the rope fender shop of the Industrial Division. It can be used on cable from

Vi inch up to 1% inches in diameter.

Jaws of swedging

machine prepare

to clamp shut

around steel sleeve

and cable ends.

14 August 4, 1961
Posing with Governor Carter after a ceremony last month during which they received cash awards for ideas are 9 of the 14 award winners. Safety Pays — In More Ways Than One

SAFETY is always important and it just makes good sense to practice it at

all times. It also makes good sense to think about ways to improve procedures

and equipment to reduce the chance of

injury or make the job easier. Changes

which result in improved safety conditions or improved operations are eligible for cash awards under the Incentive

Awards Program.

Proof that many Company-Government employees think safety is important is indicated by the relatively high

number of suggestions submitted to the Incentive Awards Committee which

involve safety. Last month, for example,

a group of 14 employees received incentive award checks for suggestions they

had made. Three of those 14 suggestions

involve safety. Albert B. Collins of the Motor Transportation Division received a check for $20 for suggesting that removable handrails be installed on ship-loading ramps

and that the ramps themselves be painted

with a non-skid paint. Mr. Collins noted

in his suggestion that the loading ramps

are very slippery when wet and particularly when there are particles of green

fruit such as bananas or plantains on

them. Incidentally, he got the idea while

investigating an injury accident. Carl W. Reynolds of the Locks Division received a $20 check for designing

a jack to be used by workmen repacking

a section of the rising stem valves which

are part of the locks equipment. Mr.

Reynolds pointed out in his suggestion

that lifting the 30-pound pieces by hand

could result in straining the back or other

injur}-. The jack provides a safer way of doing the job and now7 is in regular use. W. C. YVilloughby of the Engineering

Division earned a $20 check for a suggestion which involves both operations and

safety. He proposed that colored plastic caps be used to cover grease fittings

through which bearings are lubricated. As pointed out by those reviewing the

suggestion, the plastic caps not only will keep dirt and moisture from reaching

the bearing, but also will keep the fitting from being damaged and protect work- men against hurting themselves on the

point of the fitting. Like most suggestions received bv the committee, these involve simple, easy-tounderstand uses of familiar equipment

applied in new and different ways. Thev

do not involve complicated engineering

i—ACCIDENTS

FOR

THIS MONTH

AND

THIS YEAR

JUNE

ALL UNITS

YEAR TO DATE

principles or considerations and simply were the result of close observation

coupled with some thought.

Many similar opportunities for suggestions exist throughout the CompanyGovernment. They are simply waiting

for someone to discover them. Some

involve safety, as the three outlined here

did, and others simply involve improve- ments in operations or ways of doing

things. But all of them are valuable. The

person making the suggestion may

receive a cash award, the person who

does the job may find it easier or

safer, and the Company-Government's

operations are improved.

If you have a suggestion in mind,

submit it. The job you make easier may

be your own or someone else's, the injury you prevent may be to yourself or a

fellow workman, but the cash award you

receive will be yours alone.

FIRST AID

CASES

•61 '60 284 242

1579(397) 1507

DISABLING

INJURIES

•61 '60 12 11

74(4) 73

DAYS

LOST

•61 6321

•60 6340

7630(58)13508

( ) Locks Overhaul Injuries Included In total.

The Panama Canal Review 15
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Q<
CANAL

HISTORY

50 Years Ago

PLANS FOR construction of the

Washington Hotel and for extensive

improvements to the former Tivoli Hotel were announced in August 50 years ago. The new Washington was to be built on Colon Beach bv the Panama Railroad

Company at a coast of approximately

$500,000. A swimming pool, one of the

first on the Atlantic side, was included

in the plans.

Renovations to the Tivoli included

construction of a new wing which would

provide 16,000 square feet of floor

space, add 38 rooms, and increase the

seating capacity of the dining room to more than 700 persons. A contract for about half of the steel

rail for the track of the towing locomotives along the walls of the locks was

let to the Bethlehem Steel Co., which

offered open-hearth rail at 831.35 a ton. By August 1, 1911, the grand total of Canal excavation was 145,486,536 cubic- yards. This left 41,727.508 cubic yards,

or less than one-fourth of the entire amount for the completed Canal, still to be excavated.

RETIREMENTS

RETIREMENT certificates were pre- sented at the end of Julv to the employees

listed below, with their birthplaces, positions, years of Canal service, and future

residence. Katheryne D. Ackerman, New Jersey;

Window Clerk, Postal Division; 18 years, 8 months, 22 days; undecided. Wiliam H. Beck, New York; Chief, General Accounting Branch; 32 years, 3 months,

3 days; New York. Earl F. Bienz, Ohio; Towing Locomotive

Operator, Locks Division; 12 years, 5 months, 29 days; remaining on Isthmus. Daniel D. Bloomfield, Jamaica; Oiler, Locks

Division; 35 years, 1 day; Panama.

Jerome S. Bortner, New York; Voucher

Examiner, New York Operations Office; 12 years, 5 months, 12 days; New York. Edward Carlson, Sweden; Chief Engineer, Water Transportation Division; 15 years,

1 month, 16 days; New Jersey. Charles Chase, Barbados; Leader, Ship

Cargo Operations, Terminals Division; 44 years, 10 months, 17 days; Colon. Lloyd N. Church, Grenada; Guard, Dredging Division; 32 years, 10 months,

14 days; Panama. Carmi E.Clough, New York; Window Clerk,

Postal Division; 10 years, 21 davs; Florida. John T. Dillon, Massachusetts; Chief Engineer, Dipper Dredge, Dredging Division; 21 years, 1 month, 7 days; undecided. James A. Green, Jamaica; Seaman, Dredging Division; 4l years, 3 months, 25 days; Colon. Frank L. Hall. Jamaica; Maintenanceman,

Maintenance Division; 27 years, 22 days; Panama. Winthrop H. Havenor, New York; Assistant Chief, New York Operations Accounting

Office; 33 vears, 4 mondis, 29 days; NewYork. Marie V. Hayes. Georgia; Telephone Operator, New York Operations Office; 27 years, 4 months, 14 days; New York. Albert J. Joyce, Massachusetts; Electrician, Electrical Division; 33 years, 22 days;

Florida.

Rebecca T. Kendall, Maryland; Staff Nurse, Gorgas Hospital; 30 years, 1 month,

4 days; Delaware.

Gertrude T. Kueter, Michigan; Clerk, Community Services Division; 17 years,

11 months, 3 days; Florida. Dorothea F. McXall, Illinois; Time, Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Comptroller's Office; 24 years, 10 months, 13 days; remain on

Isthmus. Cuthbert E. Maner, Colombia; Boatswain,

Marine Division; 44 years, 7 months,

18 days; Panama.

Helen C. Milloy, Massachusetts; Supervisory General Medical Supply Officer, Gorgas Hospital; 40 years, 10 months,

12 days; Massachusetts. James Minto, Jamaica; Helper Mason. Maintenance Division; 43 years, 7 months,

11 days: Colon. Jack C. Randall, New York; Chief, Community Services Division; 28 years, 6 months, 2 days; Florida. Alexander F. L. Rienks, Holland; Inspector, Cranes and Elevators, Industrial Division; 20 years, 5 months, 29 days; remain on Isthmus. Wenceslao C. Robinson, Colombia; Leader Seaman, Port Captain's Office, Balboa: 46 years, 8 months, 18 days; Panama.

Aristides Samudio, Panama; Heavy Laborer, Terminals Division: 15 years, 5 months,

18 days; Colon. Henry H. Shirk, Pennsylvania; Lead Fore- man. Lock Operations; 25 years, 7 mondis, 22 davs; Pennsylvania.

Capt. William J. Steffens, New York;

General Manager, Water Transportation

Division: 21 years, 11 months, 11 days:

New York. Daniel M. Thomas, Jamaica; Roofer, Maintenance Division: 39 years; Panama.

Richard Thompson, Jamaica; Signalman,

Navigation Division; 39 years, 2 months,

10 days; Colon. James G. F. Trimble, New York; Lock

Operator Electrician, Locks Division; 21 years, 4 months, 17 days; New York.

25 Years Ago

COL. CLARENCE S. RIDLEY, who

had served 4 years as the Canal's Engineer of Maintenance, was appointed

Governor of the Panama Canal Zone

25 \ cars ago this month to succeed Gov.

Julian L. Schley. In addition to holding

the office of Engineer of Maintenance,

the new Governor also had served as Assistant Engineer of Maintenance from

1920 to 1922. While governors were being changed.

a storm of protest arose from U.S.

citizens living in Panama over the ruling

that free education in the Canal Zone

schools would be restricted to residents

of the Canal Zone and to children whose parents or guardians were U.S.

citizens employed bv the U.S. Government. A direct appeal was made to President Roosevelt by members of the American Society, the American Legion

and the Elks. 10 Years Ago

UNITED STATES citizens employed

in the Canal Zone had no sooner gotten

used to the idea of paying Federal

income taxes 10 years ago than they were made subject to the Selective

Service Act. In August 1951, President

Truman signed a proclamation requiring

citizens of the United States in the Canal

Zone and Guam to register for the draft. This was followed by a proclamation

issued bv Gov. Francis K. Newcomer

setting September 6 as registration day

for draft-age U.S. citizens in die Zone. It was estimated that there were 300 draft- age U.S. citizens here who had not registered elsewhere. For the first time in the history of the Canal, U.S. Government vessels started paying tolls. In August, 10 years ago, it was announced that tolls for July 1951

included 8208,964 credited to the

Panama Canal Company for transits bv

U.S. Government vessels. One Year Ago

APPROXIMATELY $250,000 worth

of damage was caused bv the fire which

swept the second floor offices in the west wing of the Administration Building at Balboa Heights on August 2 last year. The blaze began in the office of Comptroller Philip L. Steers, Jr. Due to the outstanding job done by Canal Zone fire- fighters the blaze was confined to the wing in which it started.

The Panama Canal Review 17
ANNIVERSARIES

(On the basis of total Federal Service)

MARINE BUREAU

James U. Henry Boatman

TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Charles M. Grant

Automotive Crane Opera

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Ellis L. Fawcett

Principal, Latin American

High School ENGMJEEBINC AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Curtis H. George /

Lead Forem;

Florice Renee

Carpenter

MARINE 1 Raymond

Harbormaster Walter C. Ree

Guard

Alexander Beverly

Helper Sheetmetal Worker

Victor M. Briceno Boilermaker

HEALTH BUREAU

Marie B. McNeff

Director of Nursing

John O. Welsh

Nursing Assistant CE OF THE

ROLLER

ohn A. MoWes

Accountant SUPPLY A*DlCOMMUNITY

SEtttricX BUBEAU

PeiCTval \\ . Adams

_jghLjJ*!T'riick Operator James V. Alphonse

Storekeeping Clerk Wilfred W. Irving

Sales Clerk Herbert A. Johnson

Laborer

ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

John M. Purvis, Jr. Head of Press Section Kenneth Henry

Photocopying-Equipment

Operator

MAGISTRATE COURTS

Charles A. Garcia Judge

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Joseph L. Sestito Window Clerk Clemente Ara

Detention Guard

Bartolome Savory

Maintenanceman

S. H. Laremont

Laborer Cleaner ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

John D. Mitchusson

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanic

Archibald Hall Leader Heavy Laborer

Nieaeio Baloi Laborer

Haskel O. Archibold Seaman

Juan D. Rodriguez

Floating Plant Oiler Robert A. Flowers

Distribution Systems

Maintenanceman

Richard Grey

Seaman

Joseph Lynch

Seaman

Lorenzo Melendez

Seaman

Sydney O. Moore

Helper Electrician Urban B. Nesficld Floating Plant Water Tender

Clive O. Garbutt Seaman

HEALTH BUBEAU

Dr. Peter J. Guokas

Medical Officer, Psychiatry Doris R. Kintigh Miscellaneous Documents

Examine)

Aurelio Rodriguez

1 [ousekeeping Aid

Ralph L. Dalmage

Medical Technician

William F. Aleman

Clerk Clarence G. Pirter Nursing Assistant Luis Rivera Housekeeping Aid

OFFICE OF THE

COMPTROLLER

Philip L. Steers, Jr. Comptroller

Albert M. Jenkins Supervisory Auditor Helen N. Minor

Time, Leave, and Payroll

Supervisor

CENTRAL EMPLOYMENT

OFFICE

Clifford M. Barter Information Receptionist

MARINE BUREAU

Sidney W. Peterson

Pilot John F. Stephenson

Admeasurer

Hermogenes Ramos

Floating Plant Water Tende,

Howard E. Robison

Lock Operator Machinist

Julio Ochoa

Launch Seaman

Russell B. """"'

Deckhand

Sebastian F. Navarro

Teletypist

Howard G. Anderson

General Foreman Carpenter

W. M. Ferguson

Floating Plant Oiler Alvin Welch

Maintenance Painter Juan Fuentes Boatman

Robert G. Forsythe

Leader Lock Operator

Machinist

Dalian H. Stephen

Parts and Equipment

Cleaner James V. Forbes Launch Operator

Robert L. Wertz Towing Locomotive

Operator

Norris L. Brewster Deckhand

Jose Gamica

Launch Seaman

Wilfred W. Anderson

Maintenance Painter

Justo Trujillo

Maintenance Painter

Clifford A. Knight

Leader Seaman

Wallace E. Rushing

Lock Operator Electrician Marcus E. Hart

General Helper

William J. Nickisher Welder

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Horace F. Jenner Merchandise Management

Officer Vincent J. Hubert

Supervisory Merchandise

Management Officer Nellie L. Martineau

Sales Section Head

illian A. Henlonl

Sales Clerk 1 Goldston Cumiliinls Counter Attendant

assa Bell^r I

Sales Clerk James E. Jones Warehouseman

Alfonso Troya

Heavy Laborer Andres Guioms

Field Tractor Operator

Vivian Scantlebury

Laundry Checker

Charles E. Thompson

Lead Dairy Foreman

Apolinario Vellos Leader Laborer Cleaner

Gabriel Garcia Heavy Laborer

Geraldine Lloyd

Sales Section Head

Emily M. Thomas

Garment Presser Manuela De Gallardo

Sales Clerk Muriel E. Walsh

Counter Attendant Pedro Suarez Heavy Laborer

Harold Harding Meat Cutter

Lucille A. Wood

Pantryman

Huvenai Pinnock

Produce Worker

Gladys B. Ceville Stock Control Clerk Maicella W. Atkinson

Clerk Typist

Fermin Dominguez

Heavy Laborer Ruby V. Harry

Counter Attendant Cesar A. Martinez Baker Melvina McL. Thomas

Sales Clerk

Charles A. Alexander Lead Grounds Foreman

Willis A. Brown

Extractor and Tumblerman

Maxie Salmon

Warehouseman

E. Shettlewood

Storekeeping Clerk

Pearl A. Brathwaite

Sales Clerk

Evelina Jones

Sales Checker

V. C. Ramirez

Counter Attendant

Lilias Inez Hurley

Clerk TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUBEAU

James S. Lewis

Clerk Checker

Enrique Roman

Shipment Clerk George Harding, Jr. High Lift Truck Operator

Daniel Gomez

Truck Driver Louie H. McNish

Supervisory Clerk Checker

Arthur A. Lewis

Truck Driver Ralph A. Nelson

Liquid Fuels Dispatcher

Isaiah E. Lawrence Brakeman

Adrian A. Rieketts Clerk Checker

Cephas Daniels Chauffeur

18 August 4, 1961
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

June 10 through July 10

EMPLOYEES who were promoted

or transferred between June 10 and

July 10 are listed below. Within-grade

promotions and job reclassifications are not listed. ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Robert G. Hammetter, to Head, Bindery

Section, Printing Plant. CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Everett L. Farlow, to Administrative Service Officer, Office of the Director. Junie N. Scott, from Truck Driver, Motor

Transportation Division, to Firefighter.

Police Division Donald V. Howerth, to District Police

Commander.

Howard C. Richards, Jr., to Police Lieutenant. Edward V. Amason, to Police Sergeant.

Division of Schools

Patricia E.Headley, to Elementary Teacher,

Latin American Schools. Juan Phillips, to Elementary and Secondary

School Teacher, Latin American Schools. ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Dredging Division Beverley Ricker, from Third Officer, SS

"Cristobal," Water Transportation Division, to Master Towboat or Ferry. John T. Danaher, from Rigger, Industrial Division, to Master, Small Tug. Dean L. Kelly, to Master, Small Tug.

Harry P. DePiper, Lloyd A. Roberts, to Chief Engineer, Towboat or Ferry. William K. Renner, from Third Assistant Engineer, SS "Cristobal," Water Transportation Division, to First Mate, Pipeline

Dredge.

Harry J. Harrison, Donald L. Crull, from

Towing Locomotive Operator, Locks

Division, to Second Mate, Pipeline

Dredge. Luther J. Quinn, to Second Mate, Pipeline

Dredge.

Slaughter H. Sharpensteen, from Towing

Locomotive Operator, Locks Division, to Third Mate, Pipeline Dredge.

David W. Sullivan, to Third Slate, Pipeline

Dredge.

Andrew H.Page, from Third Assistant Engineer, SS "Cristobal," Water Transportation Division, to Engineer, Pipeline

Dredge.

Robert F. Dunn, to Dipper Dredge Operator. Daniel R. Klotz, Welder, from Industrial Bureau. Lloyd N. Church, to Guard. Armando Chow, to Leader Seaman.

Francesco Viglietti, from Supervisory Store- keeping Clerk, Supply Division, to Launch

Operator. Frederick Burns, Humberto P. Halsall,

Carlos F. Joseph, George H. McFarlane.

Felipe Moreno, Edwin N. Perryman, to Launch Operator. Aniceto Palacio, from Deckhand, Navigation Division, to Floating Plant Oiler. Fitzgerald G. Mitchell, from Helper Lock

Operator, Locks Division, to Floating

Plant Oiler. Alfred W. Browne, Jr., Darnley Griffith,

I las. ill Speid, Percival Wade, to Floating

Plant Oiler.

Felipe Fula, from Helper Lock Operator,

Locks Division, to Floating Plant Fire- man. Candido A. Melendez, to Floating Plant Fireman.

Manuel J. Castillo, Jose F. de los Rios, Juan Melony, Camilo Rodriguez, to Navigational Aid Worker.

Claudio Gil, from Railroad Trackman, Rail- road Division, to Seaman.

Rafael Secaida, Joseph N. Lavalas, Miguel

A. Moreno, Miguel de la Rosa, Leonard

S. King, Edward E. Davis, Edward C.

Price, Leroy A. Finn, Pablo Marin, from

Helper Lock Operator, Locks Division,

to Seaman.

Pascual Ramos, from Truck Driver, Gorgas

Hospital, to Seaman. George C. Worrell, from Kitchen Attendant, Coco Solo Hospital, to Seaman. Sydney A. Smith, from Leader Laborer

Cleaner, Division of Schools, to Seaman.

Stanford N. Christie, from Heavy Laborer,

Division of Schools, to Seaman. Oswald A. Sealy, from High Lift Truck

Operator, Supply Division, to Seaman.

Rito Tunon, from Utility Worker, SupplyDivision, to Seaman. Donald A. Williams, from Helper Boiler- maker, Industrial Division, to Seaman.

Rodolfo C. Soley, from Deckhand, Navigation Division, to Seaman.

Lefard A. Bennett, from Launch Seaman,

Navigation Division, to Seaman.

Sebastian Sanchez, Rudolph A. Knight, from

Boatman, Locks Division, to Seaman.

Rodolfo Davis, Julian Olmos, to Seaman.

Jose D. Villarreal, Alvin A. Boles, from

Heavy Laborer, Locks Division, to Sea- man.

Jose E. Delgado, Estanislao Perea, from

Dock Worker, Terminals Division, to Seaman.

Christopher T. Cox, to Seaman (Launch).

Evaristo E. Rodriguez, from Helper Lock

Operator, Locks Division, to Seaman

(Launch). Slenue P. Gilbert, Harold Irvin, Joshua H. Chapman, from Heavy Laborer, Locks

Division, to Seaman (Launch). Luis A. Rivera, from Garbage Collector, Community Services Division, to Sea- man (Launch). Hector A. Prince, from Laborer, Supply

Division, to Seaman (Launch).

Patricio Martinez, from Railroad Track- man, Railroad Division, to Seaman

(Launch). Luis E. Lame, Luis H. Agredo, Efrain Morales, Paulo Aguilar, from Dock

Worker, Terminals Division, to Seaman

(Launch). Narciso Gomez, from Railroad Trackman,

Railroad Division, to Boatman.

Luis A.Guillen, from Heavy Laborer, Locks

Division, to Boatman.

Meliton Sanchez, from Dock Worker, Ter- minals Division, to Boatman.

Fedrick A. Lawrence, from Produce Worker,

Supply Division, to Truck Driver. Walter Sinckler, to Truck Driver. Dalton R. Ferdinand, from High Lift Truck

Operator, Terminals Division, to Helper

Machinist. Hermes Rivera, Richard J. Joseph, from

Utility Worker, Supply Division, to Helper Machinist. Cleveland G. Davis, from Laborer Cleaner,

Community Services Division, to Helper

Machinist.

Lucio Castro, to Heavv Laborer. Harold G. Smith, Clifford A. Rogers,

Alphonso H. Thomas, from Utility

Worker, Supply Division, to Heavy

Laborer.

Aristides Lopez, from Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator, Community Services Division, to Heavy Laborer. Faustino Martinez, Remigio Romero, from

Laborer, Community Services Division,

to Heavy Laborer. Daniel S. Hogan, Juan D. Lopez, Ramon

Tenorio, Arturo A. Batista, from Dock

Worker, Terminals Division, to Heavy

Laborer. Antonio C. Dixon, from Service Station Attendant, Supply Division, to Laborer. Antonio Quintanilla, from Dock Worker,

Terminals Division, to Helper Rigger.

Joel W. Tappin, f rom Sales Checker, Supply

Division, to General Helper.

Francisco J. Pineda, from Laborer Cleaner,

Division of Schools, to Helper Welder. Hector L. John, from Laborer Cleaner, Divivision of Schools, to Helper Machinist.

Electrical Division Carol G. Rigby, to Accounting Clerk. Donald E. MaeLean, to Senior OperatorHydro.

John B. Coffey, Jr., to Operator-Hydro.

William P. Fusselman, from Life Guard,

Division of Schools, to Student Assistant, Business Administration.

Jose A. Cordova, to Power Plant Wiper.

Maintenance Division Waldo B. Gilley, Carl E. Hall, Peter A. Warner, to General Foreman Public

Works.

Fredrick S. Baumbach, to General Foreman

Painter. George P. Fulhnan, to Leader Instrument Mechanic.

Owen W. Smith, to Instrument Mechanic.

Mortimer H. Jordan, to Clerk (Typing). Bvron E. Brooks, to Accounts Maintenance

Clerk. Alvin V. Stewart, to Toolroom Mechanic.

Nicacio Baloi, Pio Cordoba, Michael A. Haywood, Domingo Mojica, Dionisio

Pantoja, Titus J. Stephen, Zaearias Salazar, to Heavy Laborer.

Dionisio Navas, from Dock Worker, Terminals Division, to Laborer Cleaner. Contract and Inspection Division James R. Palumbo, from Life Guard, Division of Schools, to Student Assistant (Engineering).

HEALTH BUREAU

Barbara J. Falk, to Secretary (Stenograph), Corozal Hospital.

OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

Accounting Division Charles E. Belden, to Supervisory Accountant. Alda L. McLeod, to Voucher Examiner. Luz E. Reyes, Clerk-Typist, from Contract and Inspection Division. Luis A.Fong, from Supervisory Timekeeper,

Industrial Division, to Accounting Clerk. MARINE BUBEAU

Navigation Division Edward J. Hughes, David M. Kennedy,

Edward S. Mack, John F. Stoll, to Pilot. Paul R. Guerriero, Kenneth R. Orcutt. to Probationarv Pilot. (Sec p. 20)

The Panama Canal Review 19
(Continued from p. 19)

Clifford Bowen, Jose C. Sanchez, from Dock

Worker, Terminals Division, to Deckhand. Joseph N. Goddard, from File Clerk, Supply

Division, to Deckhand.

Carlos J. Reyes, from Laborer Cleaner,

Division of Schools, to Deckhand.

Matthews M. Kelly, to Seaman. Henry M. Games, to Seaman (Launch).

Locks Division Julio Avila, Henry O. Bailey, Norman

Blandford, Ivan Burke, Jr., Jose Cerda,

Nicolas Castillo, Alexander Johnson. Juan

Joseph, Carlos F. Master, Howard L. McKenzie, Gilberto Morales, Evaristo Rodriguez, George Simpson, Albert E. Waithe, to Helper Lock Operator.

Jose de la C. Dutary, Felix Herman, Euclid

C. Jordan, to Boatman.

Elisha E. Gordon, to Chauffeur. Gregorio Navarro, from Railroad Trackman,

Railroad Division, to Heavy Laborer.

Industrial Division Stephen C. Lessard. to Budget Analyst. Carlos H. Herrera, to Leader Calker. Milano Camano. Alberto Hawkins, Jorge

L. Velez, to Painter. Albin E. Coke, to Timekeeper.

Randolph L. Green, James Smith, to Maintenanceman.

Gabriel Vargas, Cristobal L. Joseph, to Helper Carpenter.

Albert M. Rowe, from Life Guard, Division

of Schools, to Laborer Cleaner. SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Community Services Division

Teofilo Alveo, to Field Tractor Operator,

Jose D. Altamar, to Garbage Collector. Rumaldo Amor, Segundo Pineda, Fermin

Maroto, Alejandro Rodriguez, Isabel Zambrano, to Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator.

Jose A. Reyes, from Heavy Laborer, Maintenance Division, to Laborer. Supply Division Joseph J. Pustis, to Sen ice Center Manager.

Hazel Si. Myers, Rafaela Salas, to Snack

Bar Operator. Lorenza Howell, to Accounting Clerk. Carmen L. Hassocks, to Personnel Clerk. Linda M. Armstrong, Headley A. Cargill,

Tiburcio Gonzalez, Sarah A. Searle, Pedro A. Tiiiinn, to Storekeeping Clerk. Ismael G. Rivera, Segundo H. Mero, to Baker. Dudley A. Smith, to Clerk. George L. Trottman, to Editorial Clerk and

Motion Picture Operator.

Claudine A. Daxon, Nelly M. Titus, to Sales Section Head.

Isabel J. Powell, Gladys V. Ramage, Irene Williams, to Sales Clerk. Ronald Chambers, Jr., to Commissary Service Trainee.

Lilllian E. Luddy, to Ticket Seller. Miguel Mitchell, to Service Station

Attendant. Miguel Couloote, High Lift Truck Operator, from Terminals Division.

Phillis M. Grant, to Pantryman.

Blakely Ford. Ernest A. Jones, to Warehouseman.

Cedric Dickens, from Heavy Laborer, Maintenance Division, to Utility Worker.

Alfredo Cortez, Leonardo Lopez, Margarito

Olivardia, Jose C. Quiros, Hermes Rivera, Vicente H. Ramos, to Utility Worker. Ormc W. Wilson, to Counter Attendant. Sabino John, to Heavy Laundry W7 orker. Josephine L. Orville, to Garment Presser. Olga E. Haynes, to Shirt Presser.

TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Motor Transportation Division John C. Brown, to Heavy Duty Equipment

Body Rebuilder. Richard T. Hayden, to Automotive Mechanic

Basil L. Lloyd, Elisha E. Gordon, Chauffeur,

from Locks Division. Fitz Marshall, from Heavy Laborer, Supply

Division, to Truck Driver.

Terminals Division Leroy II. Chaplin, to Cargo Clerk. Felipe Lee, to Sign Painter. Pablo A. Aleman, to Maintenance Carpenter.

George A. Foster, Truck Driver, from Maintenance Division. Carlos R. Evering, Wendell P. Maynard,

from Waiter, Supply Division, to Clerk Checker. Segundo Villalva, to High Lift Truck

Operator.

Jorge L. Pico, to Ship Worker.

Danvil G. Morris, to Messenger.

Levi Best, from Warehouseman, Supply

Division, to Dock Worker. Selwyn O. Brown, Hagar E. Salmon, from

Heavy Laborer, Locks Division, to Dock

Worker.

Joseph E. Frederick, to Helper Machinist. OTHER PROMOTIONS

PROMOTIONS which did not involve changes of title follow: William L. Benny, Sendee Center Manager,

Supply Division. Henry A. Tooke, Superintendent, Miraflores

Kilter Plant, Maintenance Division. Donald H. Boland, Business Analyst, Budget

and Rates Division. Richard II. Egolf, Accountant, Accounting

Division. Fred R. Middleton, Constable, Magistrate's Court. Thomas W. Carter, Marine Traffic Controller. Navigation Division. Paul L. W'hitlock, Graduate Intern Mechanical Engineer, Engineering Division. Sylvia E. Staples, Time, Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Accounting Division. Gertrude M. Roberto, Accounting Clerk, Maintenance Division. Anthony J. Zablocki, Master, Towboat or Fern-, Navigation Division. Dale D. DeMoss, Retail Store Supervisor,

Supply Division. Constance G. Harbison, Clerk-Stenographer, Accounting Division. Carl R. Seals, Cargo Clerk, Terminals Division. David A. Fyffe, Service Center Supervisor,

Supply Division. Gladys R. Ceville, Stock Control Clerk, Supply Division. Jane E. Nicholls, Clerk, Supply Division. Beatrice L. Douglas, Cash Clerk, Supply

Division. Agustin Garcia, Service Center Supenisor,

Supply Division. John R. Carrington, Sales Clerk, Supply

Division. Alba M. Coffey, Clerk-Typist, Supply Division. HuinbertoVillacres, Baker, Supply Division.

Julio C. Castillo, Percival Gordon, Conk,

Supply Division. Ernesto Cedeiio, Utility Worker, Supply

Division. Rito Ruiz, Grounds Maintenance Equipment

Operator, Community Sen'ices Division James J. Boughner, Apprentice Electrician. Electrical Division. Douglas C.Schmidt, Water System Control- man, Maintenance Div ision.

worth Knowing,

New York Office Closed

CAPT. WILLIAM J. STEFFENS,

whose home port was New York for the many years he served on Canal organization vessels, and who more recently

headed the New York Operations Office

for the ships, said his goodbyes and

headed for retirement last month, along

with five other employees of the New

York office. The office was slated to close

for good the last day of July. All Panama

Canal Company ship business now is being handled in New Orleans and on

the Isthmus. Captain Steffens' service with the

Panama Canal Company was broken

when he went on active duty as a lieu- tenant commander in the U.S. Navy

during World War II, so that his Panama

Canal service totals 21 years, 11 months,

and 11 days.

Senior to him in years of service in the New York office is Winthrop H. Havenor, Assistant Chief in the New

York Operations Accounting Office, who

was employed during his entire business

career with the Panama Canal Company,

a total of 33 years, 4 months, and 29 days.

A close second in the service record is William H. Beck, Chief of the General

Accounting Branch of the New York

Operations Office, whose whole business

career also was with the Panama Canal

Company, a total of 32 years, 3 months,

and 3 days.

Others in the office who retired in julv are Marie V. Hayes, telephone

operator, with 27 years, 4 months, and

14 clays' service; Edward Carlson, Chief

Engineer of steamship operations, with

15 years, 1 month, and 16 days' service; and Jerome S. Bortner, Voucher Examiner, with 12 years, 5 months, and 12

days' service. The closingof the Panama Canal Company's New York Operations Office at 21 \Yest Street, New York, has affected 154 employees in that area, not counting

the non-officer personnel on the Companv vessels. Of the 154 employees, 30 were transferred to the New Orleans

office; 70 have accepted other positions; 30 were offered employment and

declined; 1 received reduction-in-force;

1 were offered identical positions in the New Orleans Operations Office, but

rejected the offer; and 13 more are

eligible for retirement, in addition to those who retired in July.

Personnel Article

WlLLIAM D. YOUNG, a position classifier with the Wage and Classification Division of the Personnel Bureau, is the

20 August 4, 1961
author of an article which recently

appeared in Personnel Administration,

official journal of the Society for Personnel Administration. Mr. Young's article, which was pre- pared while he was a graduate student

in the Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota, is concerned with

the productivity of groups and ways

of forecasting what the productivity

of a specific group will be in a given

situation. Centering on one way of doing this, the article concludes that such measure- ments "are at present practicable as a

tool for research, but not for management in the solution of group productivity problems." The article points out, however, that success in forecasting

productivity of a specific group would

be a big step forward in efficient management.

Mixed Doubles Tourney

LT. GOV. W. P. LEBER will roll the

first ball to open this year's United Fund

Mixed Doubles Handicap Bowling Tour- nament at the Balboa Bowling Center on

August 25. Rules for the 3-dav tourna- ment have been posted and entry forms

are available at all bowling centers. Entry fee for the event is $3 per

person, with $1 of the fee going to the United Fund. Individuals may enter as many times as they wish, with the same

or different partners. Trophies, cash

awards, and merchandise prizes will go

to the highest teams. Code Revision

A BILL TO REVISE the Canal Zone

Code, as proposed by the special Governor's Advisory Committee, has been

introduced in Congress by Representative Edwin E. Willis. The revision will omit obsolete laws;

reconcile conflicting laws; modernize the arrangement, language, style, and termi- nology of the Code; clarifv and improve

procedures in Canal Zone courts; and

add or substitute provisions on some

subjects. Some of the specific changes

include improvements in procedures for dealing with the mentally ill, stiffening the penalties for driving while intoxi- cated, and authority for the Governor

to issue fishing and swimming regulations which would have the force and

effect of law. The bill was referred to the House

Committee on the Judiciary for study

and consideration. David J. Markun,

General Counsel, has served as Chair- man of the Governor's Advisory Committee, members of which also include Dr. Charles J. Zinn, a member of the Board of Directors of the Panama Canal

Company.

The Rainbow City Auditorium will be flanked by other facilities when plans are completed.

Modern Civic Center Planned

WORK SHOULD be started before

the end of this year on the construction

of a modern civic center for the Latin

American community of Rainbow City.

Plans for a service center, health

center, post office, and other facilities to be built adjacent to the existing Rainbow

City auditorium have been drawn up

and bids on the project will be solicited sometime in September.

The new Rainbow City Auditorium,

which replaced the old motion picture

theater at Camp Bierd, was built last year at a cost of approximately 8100,000

by the Dillon Construction Co. The build- ing is located off Randolph Road at the coiner of Jamaica Street and adjacent

to the Rainbow City Elementary School.

It has a capacity of approximately

300 persons and is available for stage

shows, school productions, musicals, and

public meetings as well as regular

motion pictures.

The additional structures which will make up the new Civic Center will be

built on both sides of the theater building. On one side will be the new post

office and health center, with space for a barber shop and beauty shop. On

the other side will be a service center and restaurant. All buildings will be

connected bv a covered passageway. A parking area adjacent to the exist- ing theater building will serve the new

civic center. Maintaining the Waterway

(Continued from p. 4)

One such chunk recently removed from

the pump was a stone approximately

30 inches long and a foot thick. The Mindi's equipment is designed to handle anything which is not bigger than the 28-inch pipeline through which

the discharge is pumped. It is only infre- quently that the dredge is forced to shut down while something too big for it to swallow is removed.

The pipeline which trails out behind

the Mindi as it works is floated behind

the vessel on special pontoons. As the discharge flow moves through this line, tumbling large rocks against the steel pipe, the sound resembles nothing so much as the sounds normally associated with a stone-crushing plant or a boiler factory, with the sharp ring of stone

against steel muffled only by the water which serves as a carrier for the

dredged material. To keep the Mindi in operation on its present schedule requires a launch, a

small tug, an anchor barge, a power

float, a welding float, an oil barge, a water barge, a spare parts barge, spare pontoons and pipe, special range targets which dredge operators can use to keep

the dredge centered above the channel

area it is clearing, and 98 employees.

The work in the Lake, which started July 10, was to be halted this week, at

least temporarily. The dredge is to be

moved south through the Cut and Pedro

Miguel Locks into Miraflores Lake tin's week for some channel maintenance

work during the lane shutdowns at Pedro Miguel Locks. The shutdowns are

to permit sections of towing track to be

raised and strengthened in preparation

for the new towing locomotives. One of ths Mindi's major jobs at Pedro Miguel

will be to move in close to the south end of the lock lanes when thev are closed and remove silt which has accu- mulated. After this month, the Mindi

will be moved to Cristobal.

The Panama Canal Review 21
TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES

The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net

tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:

United States intereoastal East coast of United States and South America.

East coast of United States and Central America

.

East coast of United States and Far East United States/Canada east coast and Australasia Europe and west coast of United States/Canada.

Europe and South America

Europe and Australasia

All other routes

Total traffic

Fiscal Year

1961

472

2,431

430

2,189 256 909

1,129

390

2,660

10,866

1960

626

2,838 465

1,843

216

1,053

1,031 362

2,361

10,795

Avg. No.

Transits 1951-55

656

1,717

508

1.028 204

702 474

341

1,432

7,062

MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS

Vessels of 300 tons net or over

(Fiscal vears)

Month

Transits

July

August. . . . September.

October. . . November.

December

.

January. . . February. . March ....

April

May

June

Totals for Fiscal Year

1961

941 912

847 913

859

868 893

843

937

904

1,002 947

10,866

1960

888

888 823

853

886

893

902 926

978 903

974

881

10,795

Avg. No.

Transits 1951-55

557 554

570

607 568

599

580 559

632

608 629

599

Gross Tolls"

(In thousands ot dollars)

1961 1960

Average

Tolls 1951-55

7,062

§4,680

4,585

4,172

4,495

4,300

4,385

4,449

4,113

4,725

4,523

4,960

4,741

$54,128

$4,219

4,111

3,828

3,820

4,124

4,420

4,146

4,417

4,633

4,203

4,710

4,309

$50,940

$2,432

2,403

2,431

2,559

2,361

2,545

2,444

2,349

2,657

2,588

2,672

2,528

$29,969

° Before deduction of any operating expenses. CANAL COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC BY NATIONALITY

Nationality

Belgian. . . . British Chilean. . . .

( liincsc . . . .

1

i ilombian . . I) inish Ecuadorean

.

Finnish . . . . Fren li German . . . . Greek

Honduran. . Israeli

Fiscal Year

Italian Japanese- ... - Liuerian Netherlands. . Nicaraguan . . Norwegian . .

.

Panamanian . . Peruvian. . . Philippini - . Swedish

United Stales.

\ enezuelan

All i >llicrs . . . .

Total.

1961
CANAL TRANSITS — COMMERCIAL AND U. S. GOVERNMENT

Pacific Steam Executive

A FORMER member of the staff of the Balboa and Cristobal offices of the

Pacific Steam Navigation Co. has been

appointed general manager of the western area for the Royal Mail Lines, Ltd.,

and the Pacific Steam Navigation Co. He is Roland F. Williams, who has been

with the Pacific Steam Navigation Co.

since 1931 and who has travelled extensively for the company in Central and

South America.

He was assigned to the Cristobal office between 1935 and 1939 and was company representative in Balboa from 1942

to 1946. After leaving Panama he served

as manager in Peru and Chile and was

appointed manager of the head office in Liverpool in 1955.

In his new position, Mr. Williams will be manager of the head office, as well as take over supervision on behalf of both

the Royal Mail Lines and the Pacific Steam Navigation Co. for the whole of Central America, Panama, Ecuador.

Colombia, Venezuela, and the Caribbean

area. He will be based in Jamaica.

New United Fruit Manager

SAMUEL D. PULLER, assistant manager for the United Fruit Co. in Cris- tobal the past 2 years, has been named

manager to suceed A. F. Raymond, who

retired June 1. Mr. Raymond, who had

been with United Fruit at Cristobal since 1922, has left the Isthmus to make his home in the United States. Well known in Atlantic side shipping

circles, Mr. Puller has been with United

Fruit on the Isthmus since 1937. He

served with the U.S. Navy from 1943

until 1946 and was discharged with the rank of lieutenant commander.

Regular Cargo Service

THREE NEW cargo ships recently

joined the Fern-Ville Far East Line

Caribbean Service which brings cargo each month to Canal ports from the Far

East and U.S. west coast ports. The ships are the Fernview, Femstate, and Fernlake, all owned and operated by Fernlev

& Eger of Oslo and A. F. Kaveness & Co.

of Lysaker, Norway.

The ships arrive at the Canal on the 27th of each month from the Far East and the west coast. After discharging cargo here, they continue on to La

Guaira, Puerto Cabello, and Maracaibo,

Venezuela.
o HIPPING

FOR THE FIRST time since the

Panama Canal was opened, ships flying the Norwegian flag have attained second

place among commercial ships using the waterway. British ships claimed the third spot during the fiscal year which ended

[une 30, as they did during fiscal year

i960. Germany was in second place

during the 1960 fiscal year, but dropped

to fourth place this fiscal year. United

States ships were in first place both years. While the number of commercial ships

using the Canal during fiscal year 1961

totaled only 71 more than during the previous fiscal year, the number of ships

ll\ ing the Norwegian flag increased 15 7. The number of ships flying United States,

British, and German flags decreased. The

greatest decrease was in U.S. ships,

which dropped 297 below the previous

fiscal year. The number of Liberian ships, fifth numerically but second only to the

United States in amount of cargo carried through the Canal during fiscal year

1961, also increased during the year. A total of 1.044 Liberian ships transited the waterway in 1961, compared with

977 which transited in 1960. The trend toward ever-larger ships indicated by the fact that Liberian

vessels carried more cargo than the

numerically greater number of German,

British, and Norwegian vessels also was

pointed up by Colombian, French, and

Chilean shipping.

The number of commercial vessels

fixing the Colombian flag fell from 269

iii 1960 to 244 in 1961, but the amount

ol cargo increased from 366,985 tons to 466.907. Transits by Chilean vessels remained virtually stable, with 107 in I960 and 108 in 1961, but the amount

of cargo went from 614,137 tons to 838,912 tons. Transits by French ships

fell from 167 to 133, but the amount of cargo was virtually the same, with

794,02] tons in I960 and 785,407 tons

in 1961. The number ot ships living the Greek

flag, many of which are tankers and

supercarriers, climbed from 273 in I960'

to 612 during 1961, for an increase of, more than 100 p rcent. This dramatic

increase moved ( Ireek shipping from 10th' place to 7th place, numerically, and

from Till place to 5tb place in volume

of cargo. Size ol the Greek ships is indi ated 1>\ the fad that in 612 transits the) carried al si twice the amount

of cargo carried by 1.129 transits of German vessels.

TRANSITS BY OCEAN GOING

\ ESSELS IN JUNE

I960 196! Commercial 881 94'

1 ,S. Government. . 14 10

Total 895 957 TOLLS °

Commercial $4,312,238 $4,74

..,.,, ,,,,,,. ,,i 49,970 51,065

Total $4,362,208 $4,794,260

CAHGO (long tons) Commercial 5,193,872 5,757,868

I S < .m eminent 55.706 47.071

total 5,249,578 5,804,939

^Includes tolls on all vessels, ocean-going and small.

Nine commercial ships flying the flag of the SovLt Union transited the Canal

during fiscal year 1961, compared \vitrr three the previous year. On the other hand, the number of Cuban ships

dropped from 17 in 1960 to 10 this year. Although the German ships ranked

only fourth in number of transits during

1961, the increase since 1951 in the number of vessels flving the German flag

is somewhat indicative of the postwar

resurgence of the German economy. In

fiscal year 1951, only 4 transits were

OCEAN-GOING TRANSITS

THROUGH PANAMA CANAL

made by German ships and the following year there were 30. But the number

jumped to 230 in 1953 and continued to climb to a peak of 1,296 during fiscal year 1960. The drop of 167 transits this year as compared to last is believed to be

only a temporary decline. In pre-war 1938, when United States ships transiting the Canal totaled 1,780

and those of the second-ranking British totaled 1,281—both very comparable to the 1961 levels—fourth-ranking German

shipping totaled only 357 vessels, less than one-third the 1961 level. (Norwegian shipping was third in 1938, with

067 transits, slightly more than half the 1961 total which earned it second

place, numerically.

)

Of the 10,866 ocean-going commercial ships using the Canal during fiscal year 1961, 9,045 were classified as general cargo ships, compared with 8,883

of this type during fiscal year 1960. The

number of passenger ships increased

from 286 to 295. The number of tankers transiting the Canal increased from 1,064 in 1960 to 1,116 in 1961, while the number of ore

carriers dropped from 489 to 345. The

number of superships with a beam of 80

feet or more increased from 457 to 508,

while a total of 1,538 vessels were given

clear-Cut handling, compared with 1,461

during fiscal year 1960.

1961

I960




UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

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