' >e Panama Cq

\
Canal hack on schedule after

overhaul and locks repair

About 8,000 square feet of floor

replaced at Pedro Miguel locks

s

Normal transit schedules were resumed

last Sunday after nearly six months of limited operations for the periodic over- haul of the Pacific Locks topped off last month by an emergency repair job in the

east chamber of Pedro Miguel Locks. Although all locks are now operating on a two-shift basis, Pedro Miguel

Locks will be on double-chamber, sin- gle-culvert operations for about three more weeks while overhaul work in the

center wall culvert is being completed. The remaining work is the removal and

overhaul of six rising-stem valves which

control the flow of water in the main

culverts. The repair work consisted of the re- placement of about 8,000 square feet of

floor slab and the reconstruction of the top part of a section of one lateral cul- vert in the east chamber which had been damaged by hydrostatic pressure when

the lock chamber was refilled early in May after overhaul on the chamber was

completed. The repair job was done on

a 24-hour basis to lessen the time re- quired for curtailed transit operation, rather than because the work itself was

of an emergency nature. The extent of the damage was deter- mined on Sunday June 9, when the east OUR COVER

"Now, when I was Governor,"

wasn't what Maj. Gen. Glen E. Edgerton was saying to Governor Potter when our cover picture for July was

taken. The two were earnestly dis- cussing the causes and effects of hydrostatic pressure on the floor of Pedro Miguel Locks. When this pic- ture was taken early last month,

the section of the lock floor where

the former and present Panama Canal governors were standing resembled, somewhat, the Delaware River the night Washington crossed it.

chamber was emptied for inspection. This was done because minor/distress was

previously noticed in several of the lat- eral culverts of both lock chambers dur- ing overhaul. The east chamber had been overhauled and in use for more than a month when

the inspection was made. It was found when the chamber was unwatered that

the relatively thin floor slab had buckled and was extensively broken in several

places by the pressure of water escaping from cracks in one of the lateral culverts between the floor slab and the rock foundation. It was also found that the top and bottom sections of the 13-foot-square

lateral culvert had been forced apart

several inches by water pressure. This month's front-cover picture shows how the section of lock floor looked. The picture above was taken

a week later after the broken concrete and rock foundation was removed and

all but one section of concrete had

been relaid. The repair job was a Maintenance Division project with F. H. Lerchen, Jr., Maintenance Engineer, being in direct charge. In accomplishing the work, the

division had the full cooperation of other Canal units, notabfy the Locks and

Dredging divisions which furnished men

and equipment. Because of the importance of the work, Gov. VY. E. Potter and other top Canal

officials took a continuing interest in its progress and visited the Locks several times. Members of the Canal's Board of Directors, including Assistant Secretary

of the Army George II. Roderick, Board

Chairman, visited the Locks and in- spected the work in progress during their

visit here in June.

After completion of the project, Governor Potter expressed his personal congratulations to those responsible for an

outstanding job. "I was greatly impressed," he said, "by the ability of the Maintenance Division to mobilize men and equipment

with the necessary skills to do the job.

It was another fine example among a long list in which the Canal organization demonstrated the ability to meet

an emergency situation with dispatch and efficiency." An extensive investigation was con- ducted by Canal engineering and marine

officials to determine if the first diagnosis

of the cause and extent of damage to the

locks was correct and nothing was found

to indicate otherwise. The investigation included core drilling through the floor slab and into the lock foundations of the west Pedro Miguel

chamber; observances for seismic disturb- ances; underwater inspection of the floors of all lock chambei-s at Pedro Miguel and

Miraflores by Locks Division divers; and

inspection of additional culverts at Pedro

Miguel for fractures or leakages. The underwater investigation at Pedro

Miguel and Miraflores Locks revealed no damage to the floor slabs during refillings similar to that which occurred in the east chamber at Pedro Miguel. Because of the

leaks found in some of the lateral culverts

in the west Pedro Miguel chamber during overhaul, in addition to signs of weakening in the concrete floor slab, it is anticipated that some additional repair work will be required (See page 16) Canal resumes testing

of LeTourneau devices

Most of the remainder of this year will be a testing period for the two LeTour- neau towing locomotives at Gatun Locks

although it is not expected that they will be used for handling any ocean-going

ships until mid-September.

Tests on the experimental locomotives were resumed last week. They

had been suspended for about five months for changes and replacement

of various parts. Some design changes

were necessary and some parts, including the wheels and cable-handling equipment, had to be manufactured.

Higher speed motors have also been in- stalled for moving the big, rubber-tired

fenders which hold ships in tow away

from the lock walls Experimental tests are also planned by

engineering personnel of R. G. LeTourneau, Inc., the manufacturing firm, for the vertical control of the big fender as- semblies by means of floats. Under the

original design, the fenders were moved

up and down by motive power. If the

float system proves successful, the height

of the fenders would be adjusted automatically by the water level in the lock chambers. Four factory representatives are here

to conduct the tests and to train Locks

Division personnel in the operation of the new towing devices. The training will in- clude 60 to 80 hours of classroom instruction, supplemented by actual practice. THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW July 4, 1958
qq-i-ia.3-&

HAIL!

I have been interested in the operation of the Panama Canal since I passed through here in 1938; my in- tensive orientation visits here have

both stimulated my interest and in- creased my admiration for all that has been achieved in the Canal Zone.

I am looking forward with great enthusiasm to joining the Company-Government team and to becoming ac- quainted with the splendid people

who make up this organization. Al- though I have met many members of the organization during my three weeks here, I hope to increase the number of my acquaintances in the near future. During my orientation in the Canal

Zone, I have been impressed by the many responsibilities which Colonel Arnold has fulfilled during his term as Lieutenant Governor. I am looking forward eagerly to continuing the work on which Colonel Arnold has

set the course.

Col. John D. McElheny, far right, who becomes Lieutenant Governor next week,

visited the Balboa Port Captain's office on his orientation four. From left: Frank Marczak, traffic controller, Leonard Wolford, supervisor, Capt. James Flenniken

Both as Engineering and Construction Director and as Lieutenant Governor, Coi. Arnold explained to many groups the intricacies of the Canal's operations.

FAREWELL!

As the time for my departure draws

near, I would like to say to all of my

friends and fellow workers in the Canal Zone that it has been a genuine pleasure to have been associated with you for the past four years. The work has been most satisfying and interesting. The professional ability, loyalty, and

devotion to duty of the people con- nected with the Canal enterprise are

of the highest quality. Mrs. Arnold, the two boys, and I feel that we have profited greatly by

our stay here. We shall always cherish the memories of the people we

have known and the things we have done here. Roosevelt Centennial Celebration Planned

Preliminary plans are now being made

for a Canal Zone celebration of the centennial of the birth of President Theodore

Roosevelt, during whose presidency construction of the Canal was started. President Eisenhower recently pro- claimed 1958 as Theodore Roosevelt Centennial Year and the Zone program will be part of a nation-wide observance. The celebration here will take place during the week of November 9-15. This date has been chosen because

President Roosevelt made a historic

isit to the Isthmus 52 years ago that

week—the first time that a president

of the United States had left the country during his term of office. Plans for the Canal Zone observance

are being prepared by a special advisory committee appointed by Governor Potter. Mrs. C. S. McCormack, of Ancon, is Executive Chairman of the Pacific side committee; Gerard K. Schear, of Margarita,

is her Atlantic side counterpart. They

will coordinate their plans through Wil- liam G. Arey, Jr., Panama Canal Infor- mation Officer. One of the major features of the Canal

Zone's week-long tribute to President Roosevelt will be a ceremony at which

a bu3t of the late President will be dedi

cated. During this ceremony, representatives of the American Society of Civil Engineers will present a plaque to the Panama Canal, honoring one of the seven

civil engineering wonders of the United

States. A commemorative stamp will also be

issued at the time of the Canal Zone

Roosevelt Centennial celebration. Details of its design will be announced

later.

July 4, 1958 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW
Some of these Red, White and Blue Troopers Pictured in 1923 are still around. Can Canal Zone

Youngsters Swim?

Canal Zone children are not born with

fins; they attain such a fishy proficiency at such an early age that it just seems

that way. From time immemorial—well, anyway,

since about the time water was let into the Canal—swimming has been a pet pastime of Zonians, young and old. Toddlers tumble into the water fearlessly; teenagers perform amazing feats of speed and skill; and one of the best swimmers

hereabouts is a grandmother several times

over. As early as 1919 no high school student Two of the troupe's leading swimmers

were Harry Walbridge, left, and Eddie Wood, right, with Coach Henry Grieser.

might graduate unless he knew how to swim, and in 1938 there was an extensive "every child a swimmer" drive in the Canal Zone's schools. Today, formal swimming instruction is part of the cur- riculum of the Balboa Junior and Senior High Schools and of the high schools at Cristobal and Rainbow City. But any

youngster who is tall enough to keep his head above water in the shallow end of a standard pool can learn how to swim much earlier than that in regular classes at any of the Zone pools. In the Canal Zone's early days, only

those Zonians who lived along the Car- ibbean had much chance to develop

their natatorial skill. During the latter part of 1913, after the water was let into the Canal, officially-sponsored "bathing places" were provided for all the settlements along the Canal be- tween Cristobal and Balboa. Except for that at Culebra, which was abandoned after its raft was broken up

one night by a "piece of floating equip- ment," these swimming spots were ex- tremely popular. At Gatun, youngsters and oldsters swam in the forebay of the

locks,j[and even^held an occasional meet

in the locks chambers. But by 1916, the Canal was becoming

too busy and polluted for swimming, and

health officials put their feet down on such

Toprow:Tharon Haldeman Mitchell, George Haldeman, Eugenia White Litton, Matilde

Brewerton, Helen Van Clief Leves, Betty Hal- deman, Gail Haldeman, Peggy White Hunter; Lower row: Harry Walbridge, Stanley Peterson, Henry Brewerton, Emma Van Clief Brown, Joyce Haldeman Collinge, Virginia Duff, Lorna Duff, Virginia Calvit Pearl; Standing: Coach Henry Grieser.

Only five records set by yesteryear's swimming

stars remain unbroken

by today's pool sharks.

capering. After that only special events were allowed in the waterway itself. One of the Zone's most avid swim- ming fans was a carpenter, Henry J. Grieser, who had come to the Isthmus

in 1917. The following year he laid aside

his saw and hammer to become a swim- ming instructor at the recently-opened Balboa pool. For a while he also con- ducted what today would be called "slen- derizing" classes for women, but his main

enthusiasm was reserved for the children, some only three and four years old. fcgFor many oldtime Zonians, the Golden Age of Canal Zone swimming

fell In the 1920's and 1930's— the hey- dey of the Red White and Blue Troupe which Henry Grieser founded in 1919 "to help entertain our allied soldiers passing through the Canal after the

first World War."

Under his aegis, spurred on by the chocolate bars he gave as prizes, the youngsters developed some spectacular

feats. Some of them even swam the length of the pool, trussed up like rolled- roasts. The troupe made several trips to the United States, opened the great in- door pool at Madison Square Garden

and closed it some years later sent water

polo and swimming teams to South AmerThis picture appeared in LIFE when Alan Ford was swimming for Yale. His local backstroke record is unbroken.

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW July 4, 1958
Three of the Zone's leading girl swimmers are: Di- ane Hickey, Carolyn Holmes, Charlene Graves. Among top men swimmers are: Mike Rudge, Don

Ryter, Joe Blackburn, and Dr. Gordon L. Verity.

ica and staged exhibitions for practically any and every dignitary who visited the Isthmus. (Canal Zone officialdom aided and abetted this; they notified shipping agents that swimming exhibitions could be arranged for tourists "on short notice.") The troupe developed a number of Olympic and world's record-breaking champions. Josephine McKim, who won

four national AAU championships in one

meet, swam on several Olympic teams. Alma Mann and Adelaide Lambert were members of Olympic diving teams, and

Alan Ford broke a number of world swimming records. Other top Canal Zone swimmers of the

1920's and 30's were: Henry Brewerton, George Haldeman, Mack and Jack Walbridge, Eddie Wood, Alan Jacques, and

Helen and Marney Dryden. Although most of the Canal Zone's

attention was focused on these Pacific side stars, there were several active Atlantic side swimming groups. One

of these was coached by Homer Baker

of Gatun who, in 1922, got permission

for a swimming meet in Gatun Locks, "to be stopped if a boat came through."

Another was the Southern Cross Swim

Club, headed for a while by V. J. Clarke

of the Commissary Division. Two of its members, Navy enlisted men, considered

trying to swim the Canal. Local newspapers reported that "two Navy launches towing a net, specially prepared for swimmers, as well as riflemen will protect them

from danger in the water," but did not

report whether or not they actually made

the swim.

Certainly, in those days, much wider

publicity was given to Canal Zone swim- ming than it is today; Grantland Rice even brought a film crew here and pho- tographed young Zonians diving from

the boom of giant cranes and performing

other breath-taking stunts. Actually, however, the records set by

Swimming meets, like this one in Gamboa, invariably draw many spectators.

July 4, 1958 5

the past generation have not held up

under the assault of today's boys and

girls. When Charlene Graves of Cristobal Junior High School, swimming in the Gamboa Civic Council meet this year, broke the 100-yard free style record for women which Josephine McKim had set

in 1929, only five old records remained

unbroken: Richard Mallett's 220-yard free-style

for men, set in 1952; Genevieve Foley's 50-yard free-style for girls of 13 and 14, set in 1934; Alan Ford's 100-yard backstroke record, set in 1941 ; Eddie Wood's

100-yard free-style for men, set in 1938; and Marney Dryden's 50-yard free-style for women, set in 1934. Today there are new champions coming

up. In May Carolyn Holmes, Balboa High School sophomore, sprinted the 50- meter free-style in 30.6 seconds, to lower

the 32-second Canal Zone record set by

Arline Schmidt in 1953, and just missed - by five-tenths of a second setting a new

Canal Zone record for the 100-meter freestyle, also held by Arline Schmidt. Other top girl swimmers are: Margaret Mahoney of Balboa Junior High School, who prefers to be called "Maggie," holder

of the Canal Zone recordjfor the 50-yard

free-style for girls; Jean Seaman, Cristobal Junior High School, a backstroke and medley swimmer; and Diane Hickey, of Cristobal Junior High School, who tied the 50-meter free-style record in 1957. The girls don't have an exclusive cor- ner on the top Zone swimmers, either. Among the boys there are Don Ryter, who graduated from Balboa High School

in June and who will be swimming -and

studying -at Rensselear Polytech next

fall. In May's interscholastic meet, he

did 100 meters free-style in 1:01:5, beating Bob Connor's 1955 record by four- tenths of a second. Joe Blackburn, swimming for the Canal Zone Junior College, set new

Canal Zone records for the 1,500-yard and mile swims in April. Two other up-and-coming young men are Martin Holmes of Balboa Junior High School

(no relation to Carolyn), who specializes in the butterfly stroke, and Tommy

Dugan, of Cristobal High School, a breast-stroke man. And even as this is being read, more

records may be toppling. The annual

July 4 swimming meet is on today at the Gamboa pool, and who knows what will happen before the day is over?
Leaving Isthmus

FOR YOUR INTEREST AND GUIDANCE IN ACCIDENT PREVENTION

With the retirement of Cristobal Magistrate E. I. P. Tatelman, the Atlantic

side is losing one of its better-known

residents. He will live in Florida.

Experts on hospitals

converge on Zone

for important studies

Several important figures in the hospital world will converge on the Canal Zone this month; results of their visits may have far-reaching effects. The first of these visitors will be Dr. W. John Dawson, a member of the

staff of James A. Hamilton Associates, a firm of hospital consultants with

headquarters in Minneapolis. He is due here Monday. The second important visitor will be

Dr. Edwin L. Crosby, of Chicago, Di- rector of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals, which is composed of the American College of Physicians, the American College of Surgeons, the American Hospital Association, the American Medical Association and the Canadian Medical Association. Doctor Crosby is arriving July 14 and

will remain on the Isthmus for about a week; he will inspect Gorgas and Coco

Solo hospitals during that period. Gorgas

Hospital is already accredited by the Commission ; Doctor Crosby's inspection there will be for the purpose of re- accreditation. Coco Solo Hospital is pre- paring for accreditation. Doctor Dawson will be the first of several representatives of the James A. Hamilton Associates to visit the Canal Zone

in the next few weeks. The firm has been

retained by the Health Bureau, in ac- cordance with recommendations in the Falk Report, to make what hospital administrators know as "space study." They will analyze the space in the 11 buildings at Gorgas Hospital, see how it is being used, and study the operating

functions of the hospital as they affect space requirements. They will then de- velop a schedule of departmental space needs for the immediate expansion pro- gram and submit recommendations both

as to the use of the hospital's present

facilities and of new construction.

WORRY WARTS

Living is getting so complicated these days that people don't know what they should be worrying about. We

Worry about the Russians—then get in a knock-down fight with our neighbors. Worry about radioactive fallout—then poison ourselves spraying for leaf-cutting ants. Worry about the kids getting polio—then let them chase each other behind the fog machine after dark. Worry about getting our cars inspected—then never get a medical check-up. Worry about our vacation airplane crashing—then fall off an improvised stepladder changing a lightbulb. Worry about getting enough exercise—then drive a couple

of blocks to the Service Center. Worry about getting cancer—then can't make the turn going downgrade on a highway.

Worry about the cost of new shoes—then fracture an ankle by not looking where we're going. Worry about the kids eating too many hamburgers—then

leave household poisons unprotected for them to snack on. Worry about H-bombs—then blow ourselves up by clean- ing something with gasoline. Worry about our daughters getting happily married—then

let them go riding in jalopies at breakneck speed. Worry about getting a better job—then cripple ourselves on a home workshop power saw. Worry about lightning striking—then get bolted into eternity being careless with electrical circuits. Worry about who will win the hometown elections—then

don't care who gets appointed to our local safety committees. Worry about Junior passing in school—then let him swim

or fish up close to the Gatun Spillway where others have been swept to their deaths. Worry about a couple of dollars spent on lottery tickets

then gamble our lives to save five minutes. Worry about retirement—then live it up, to keep from last- ing that long.

It may be all right to worry about the spectacular and the unusual

reported in the papers but it's the ordinary everyday things and

occurrences which are crippling and knocking us off.

MAY 1958 BUREAU

Transportation & Terminals (Honor Roll) Health Supply & Community Service New York Operations

Civil Affairs Engineering & Construction Marine . C. 1. Govt. -Panama Canal Company

13 18

51 30

8 3

4 13

31 21 303(253) 63 453 209

10

73

303

504 34

7 55

43 15 6,039*

117(19) 170

6,793 532 24(11)

62

( ) Locks Overhaul Injuries included in total.

* Fatality included in total.

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW July 4, 1958
PTM CIVIL DEFENSE

NEWS

The communications equipment for the Control Centers and the Control

Points arrived about the middle of June and during the month was checked out and tested. The four receiver-transmitters—two each for each side of the Isth- mus—and the walkie-talkies for the Control Points won the admiration of the "Ham" personnel who will operate this equipment for the Canal Zone Civil Defense organization. A final order is still expected. This last shipment will contain

the walkie-talkies for the Gamboa Control Center and the necessary material

for installation.

At the last meeting of the Rainbow

City Volunteer Corps, during which certificates were awarded to the graduates

of the last first-aid class, the members

organized two classes for the "Home Care

of the Sick and Injured." Mrs. Rosa

Josephs, American Red Cross Instructor

for this Class, offered to teach two classes simultaneously, each class to have not more than 14 students. Both classes, to be given on Wednesday and Friday

nights, were immediately fully subscribed. Through the cooperation of 0. B.

Shirley, Principal of the Rainbow City

School, the classes will be given in the Demonstration Room of the school. Mrs. Mabel Anderson, Zone Warden, and Mrs.

Josephs inspected the room and found

the facilities most adequate. It is ex- pected that the classes will start early

this month. As soon as the current first-aid classes are completed in Santa Cruz and at Paraiso, classes in "Home Care" will be or- ganized in those towns. Another class

is planned for the town of Margarita. An important refresher course for first- aid instructors was given on both sides

of the Isthmus the latter part of June by John DeLabar, Instructor, American Red Cross. On the Atlantic side, nine Company-Government employees took

the qualifying course in two sessions. On

the Pacific side, 14 registered.

JULY VOLUNTEER CORPS MEETINGS

Date Town

9 Rainbow City

to Santa Cruz

2i Paraiso

Place Hour

School 6:30 p. m.

Serv. Center 8:00 p. m.

School 7:30 p. m.

Official Panama Canal Company Publication Published Monthly At Balboa Heights, C.Z.

Printed by the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, Canal Zone W. E. Potter, Governor-President Hugh M. Arnold, Lieutenant-Governor William G. Arey, Jr. Panama Canal Information Officer

J. Rufus Hardy. Editor Eleanor McIlhenny, Assistant Editor Eunice Richard, Editorial Assistant On sale at all Panama Canal Service Centers,

Retail Stores, and The Tivoli Guest House for 10 days after publication dite at 5 cents each. Subscriptions, $1 a year; mall and back copies, 10 cents each. ^__^^_^^_^

Postal money orders made piyable to the Pan- ama Canal Company should be mailed to Editor, The Panama Canal Review, Balboa Heights. C. Z.

July 4, 1958

. . . Worth Knowing

Another landmark is disappearing. Demolition of the old frame

building which lias housed the Balboa ROTC unit since 1948 began last month .is part of the preparation for construction of a

new Activities Building nearby. Some of the site preparation can

be seen here, in front of the partly-torn-down structure. The

building began its career as a police station in Ancon, housing

officials recalled. It then became a school in Ancon. Moved to Balboa, it was used successively as a school annex, for offices for various lodges and shipping companies, as a band headquarters, and finally for the ROTC.

Cristobal streets are being renewed. As part of a $71,395 street- repair program under way on the Atlantic side, work was started

late last month on one of the most traveled streets in Old Cristobal. Terminal Street, which runs in front of the Cristobal Post

Office, was closed to traffic while Dillon & Hickman Construction Company forces removed the old pavement and replaced it with

a new surface. The work also includes construction of drainage

facilities. Other streets in the project are Third Street and Canal

Street in Old Cristobal, and Espave Avenue in Margarita.

Quick thinking pays off. Two officers of the Panama Line's Cristobal recently were commended by Capt. W. J. Steffens, Chief of the Steamship Division, for their rapid action in saving the life of a Danish seaman who was lost overboard May 19 from the Norwegian tanker Anne at sea not far from Cristobal. Third

Officer Richard Neumann threw a life-ring to mark the spot, placed the engines on "stand-by," and readied the Cristobal and

its crew for quick action. Chief Officer Niles A. Nielsen got a motor-lifeboat lowered and away and found the floating seaman

almost immediately. 'As a large shark was seen from the ship

to be in the vicinity, this efficient speed may have been a deciding

factor in the success of the rescue," the commendation stated.

The old turtle has a new home. He—or she—is also now a museum piece. Safely encased in plaster-of- Paris, the 15-million-yearold fossil found on the side of Contractors Hill and reported in

last month's Review is now on its way to the National Museum

in Washington, D. C. Along with the turtle went eight pieces of

fossilized wood, found in muck and peat deposits on both sides

of the Canal Zone. The wood will be tested with radioactive car- bon. The results will give scientists valuable information as to the

sea level here in prehistoric days. This, in turn, will establish a connection with glacial periods in the States.

Sand flies beware! The life and habits of the pesky little insect which makes Canal Zonians miserable from time to time are about

to be carefully scrutinized by an expert, with an eye to extermination. Dr. Samuel G. Breeland, a Ph.D. in entomology, arrived

this week for sand fly work with the Division of Sanitation. He

will make his headquarters on the Atlantic Side of the Canal Zone.
ECUADOR

Farm and forest, products make up bulk

of her exports shipped through Canal

It may be far-fetched but certainly not beyond the realm of reason to say that but for a product of Ecuador the Panama

Canal might never have been built. Looking back 50 years it is easy to comprehend that the most potent single ingredient in the successful completion of the waterway was a white powder, sometimes taken with molasses and oftener with rum. Its name was quinine, and

without it malaria would have seriously crippled or stopped the Canal construction force. By the time the Canal was being

built, most of the world's supply of quinine was coming from the great cinchona plantations of India and Ceylon, but these had their beginnings in Ecuadorian forests some 40 years earlier. The cinchona is but one of many

rare trees and plants of Ecuador of great medicinal value and few, if any,

countries possess as many varieties of plants and trees of industrial and medicinal value. The ties between Ecuador and the Panama Canal have been far more direct since the waterway was opened than the

trail of quinine powder. In the past fiscal year, for example, nearly ten percent of

all cargo moving through the Canal to and from the west coast of South Ameriica was shipped into or out of Ecuadorian

ports. And, for the past two years, the

«^K?kr

steamer Portunus has won the certificate for the most transits in plying between

Esmeraldas and New Orleans, loaded with Ecuadorian bananas.

Percentagewise, the amount of Ecuadorian imports and exports moving

through the Canal has increased more

than for almost any other country in the post-war period. Last year's figures showed a 400 percent increase over the commodity tonnage in the fiscal year 1951. Although Ecuador is next to the smallest country on the South American continent, the amount of its imports and

exports shipped through the Canal is larger, proportionate to its population, than any other maritime nation except

Chile. Last year nearly one-third of a ton of cargo for each Ecuadorian was

shipped through the waterway to or from

the nation's ports. The big increase in Ecuador's foreign trade in recent years has been largely due

to the banana industry which now generates more than a third of the country's income from exports. Ecuador's national economy has a

radically different base from that of her neighbors along the Pacific to the south. As mentioned in previous articles of

this series, minerals are the backbone

of foreign trade for Chile, Peru, and

Bolivia, with wide fluctuations in both market demand and prices. Almost all of Ecuador's exports are agricultural

or forest products -bananas, coffee, cacao, rice, and lumber for which there has been a stable demand and constantly rising prices in recent years. As a result, Ecuador has enjoyed a

favorable trade balance, a moderate rise in the cost of living, and a generally

stable economy during the past decade.

Inflation has affected Ecuador less since the close of World War II than any other country south of Panama due to the moderate increase in money supply offset by a rise in the total national product. No less important to the nation's progress and national economy has been the

political stability which Ecuador has en- joyed for many years. The United Nations Statistical Year- book gives the area of Ecuador as 104,551 square miles, roughly the size of the State

of Colorado. It sits astride the equator from which it gets its name. In this rel- atively small area is packed every climate

Former President of Ecuador Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra (with glasses) saw

Canal in operation during meeting of American Presidents in July 1956.

Ecuador currently leads the world in the product

from torrid to frigid. The wedge-shaped

country is divided into three distinct geographical regions the tropical coast, the

central portion crossed by two towering

ranges of snow-capped volcanic mountains, and about two-thirds of its land west of the Andes carpeted by tropical

jungle, from which rise the headwaters

of the Amazon River.

Quito, the nation's capital, has a population of 212,873 and lies in the high

plateau between two mountain ranges. Although it is only 15 miles from the equator, the altitude of 9,375 feet gives

it a cool, springlike climate with a mean

temperature of 56 degrees. More than

half of Ecuador's population live in the

rift between the two mountain ranges;

this rift contains all but a few of the important towns and cities. Historically, Ecuador is one of the most interesting countries of the west- ern hemisphere. It was the northern

area of the Incan Empire which was

firmly cemented by a splendid system

of paved roads over which armies or commerce could be quickly moved. The most famous of these was the

1,000-mile highway joining Quito and

Cuzco, the southern capital. Along this a system of posthouses was built, and so spaced that runners could carry a message at top speed. This barefoot express could speed news, often a knotted-string

record, between the capitals in a week's

time. Historians leave unanswered the method of coding and decoding the knotted-string record. This human ex- press was similar to the famous pony

express which was used three centuries

later on to join widely separated areas of the United States. In addition to urgent

messages, the runners were used to trans- port luxuries for the Inca princes, including watertight baskets in which fish from

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW July 4, 1958
and export of bananas, like these at Esmeraldas.

the sea swam in salt water until they

reached the imperial kitchens. Supplementing this system, mountaintop beacon flares were used to transmit urgent messages, in a code now unknown,

in an incredibly short time Undoubtedly

it was used to flash news of the arrival of Francisco Pizarro when he landed on Ecuadorian soil in 1526 on his first expedition to South America. The Kingdom of Quito (Ecuador) had

been conquered and brought under Inca

control less than a century before Pizarro

arrived. One of the strangest anecdotes

of history arose from this conquest: One

conquered province was so poor that the Incas contemptuously demanded and re- ceived a tribute of lice. Built several centuries before the

Christian era, Quito became the northern capital of the Incas in 1497. Its last Indian defenders burned the city when it was attacked by the Spaniards but the Spanish colonial city was

founded in 1534 and soon became an

artistic center. The colonial period of Ecuador's his- tory was relatively quiet and was chiefly noted for the growth and function of great

art and culture. An abortive attempt at in- dependence from Spanish rule was made

in 1809 but it was not until 1821 that General Sucre moved north from Guayaquil with a force of Venezuelans and

Colombians to defeat the Spanish at Mount Pichincha and then occupy Quito. Soon afterwards Simon Bolivar arrived and the Ecuadorians were induced to join Venezuela and Colombia in the liberator's dream of Gran Colombia. The confederThe sleek white Portunus now carries bananas from Ecuador to Germany.

When she ran to New Orleans she held

the canal's "most frequent user" record.

July 4, 1953 9

ation lasted less than ten years, Venezuela

Beparating in 1829 and Ecuador the fol- lowing year. From then until the twentieth century, Ecuador was beset with economic and

political troubles. Periods of relative quiet and economic advancement since the beginning of this century have been

interspersed with political upheavals and

economic troubles, the latter engendered by the first World War and by the de- pression of the 1930's. In the course of arriving at a stable republican form of Government, Ecuador has adopted and

discarded a number of different constitutions. Its present constitution, adopted December 31, 1946, defines the form of the national government as unitary and

democratic and under this the nation has enjoyed political stability and economic

progress. The importance of the Canal to Ec- uador's economy is perhaps better evi- denced by the remarkable growth of Guayaquil, its chief seaport, in the

past half century than by the amount

of Ecuadorian products and imports

shipped through the waterway. At the beginning of the century, the city had

a population of about (>0,000. Although

it was a port of call for shipping lines along the Pacific coast, its port facili- ties were inadequate for modern cargo

handling. Today it is the nation's largest city with a population of 250,000 and one of

its principal commercial centers. Much

of this growth has taken place in the last ten years and its commercial activity is among the greatest in the Pacific. Guayaquil is located only 800 miles from the Canal. It is some 35 miles above the mouth of the Guayas River which flows

into the big Gulf of Guayaquil. Although the seaport has had a re- markable growth, it has become increas- ingly evident that it is not well suited for ocean shipping because of silting and

lack of maneuvering space for ocean-going

ships. Accordingly, the Government has employed a U. S. port engineering firm

to prepare plans for the development of new port facilities for deep-draft vessels on an arm of the Gulf about six miles south of the city. Interest has heightened recently in the

development and improvement of other Ecuadorian ports, including Puerto Bolivar, Manta, San Lorenzo, and Bahia de Caraquez. A large number of public improve- ment projects have recently been initi- ated or planned which will have a

vitalizing effect on the country's econ- omy. I.ate last year the International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop- ment extended a loan of $19.5 million

for public works construction. Other

International Bank loans included one

of S14.5 million for highway construction, two of $5 million for electric power

facilities, and one of S8.5 million for a highway project in Guayas Province which is being supplemented by in- ternal funds. The Export-Import Bank of Washington has also extended loans to the Republic for highway, airport, and municipal facilities. In its report on operations

issued last June, the Export-Import Bank

reported loans totaling $41.5 million in Ecuador between 1934 and 1957. Much of the money from loans and

funds generated by Government income

is being spent to improve and expand

transportation and communication sys- tems. The lack of adequate highway and

rail facilities has greatly hampered both

industrial and agricultural development. Rapid progress has been made in the past few years. When the current construction projects are completed the country

will have a basic network of all-weather roads and large tracts of potentially rich agricultural land can be tied into the

national economy.

Like most of its South American neighbors, Ecuador has enjoyed a steadily in- creasing stream of tourists since the close

of World War II. With its rich historical background and unsurpassed natural

scenery, Ecuador offers the visitor a va- cationland unlike any other for diversity and beauty. To meet the increasing influx of visi- tors, the major cities of Quito and Guayaquil have underway hotel modernization and construction programs. In addition, extensive improvements are being made

at the airports of the two cities with funds lent by the Export-Import Bank. The country is now well served by inter-
Oldtimers in South America will recognize this old picture of El Malecon, the

principal business street in Guayaquil. The port there is now being modernized.

national and domestic airlines, and direct connections with most of the major ports

of the world can be made by shipping

lines serving Guayaquil. The United States is Ecuador's chief trading partner, and accounts for well over half of her foreign commerce.

Ecuador's trade with Europe, however, has been growing in the post-war period. Last year, European imports amounted to 35 percent of the total purchases abroad and 28 percent of Ecuador's exports went to European

countries. Ecuador exports to neigh- boring Latin American countries pro- portionately more than other South American nations, largely because of the surplus in agricultural products. Last year, Ecuador sold about 14 per- cent of commodities shipped abroad

to Latin American countries. Preliminary figures for the past calen- dar year showed 1957 exports and imports were $94.9 million and $92.5 million, respectively. These figures, however, do

not include the foreign exchange earnings

of banana exporters. The value of the four principal products shipped out of the country last year was listed as follows: Bananas, $25.4 million; coffee, $21.3 million; cacao, $14.7

million; and rice, $4.5 million. Other

exports in substantial quantities were

balsa, Panama hats, pharmaceutical products, and tagua (ivory) nuts. The sale of Panama hats abroad has declined rapidly in recent years. Principal imports include machinery and transportation materials, manufactured articles of varied nature, chemical

products, foodstuffs, fuels and lubricants, vegetable oils and fats, and raw materials other than fuels. The growth of Ecuador's economy in recent years is illustrated by the follow- ing statistics on commodity shipments

through the Panama Canal in years just before and after the close of World War

II, and in the past fiscal year:

Tons of Cargo Tom of Cargo

Fiscal Year Mm Ecuador to Ecuador 1939 198,124 89,527

1951 274,751 119,805 1957 829,809 183,000 The Ecuadorian exports shipped through the Canal last year were largely made up of the following products, with

the tonnage of each shown: Bananas,

661,000 tons; petroleum, 69,600; coffee, 23,600; cocoa, 19,200; and sugar, 9,400.

Of the banana shipments, 194,000 tons were shipped to Europe and the remainder went to the United States. The growth of the banana trade in Ecuador has been a prime factor in the

country's economic stability in the post- war period when inflation plagued sur- rounding countries. In this development

program, the Canal has had an indis- pensable role. 'While much of the banana

production of Panama and Central American countries is shipped through Atlantic- ports, all of the Ecuadorian supply to European or Eastern United States markets must move through the Canal. The United Fruit Company began to produce and purchase bananas in Ecuador some five years before the beginning

of World War II but the trade was inter- rupted by the war. It has grown by leaps and bounds in the post-war period. The

importance of the Canal in this trade was

aptly described in a recent statement on

his company's operations by Kenneth H. Redmond, President of the United Fruit Company, who said: "It is obvious that the existence and

efficient operation of the Panama Canal was a prime requisite to the develop- ment of the Latin American Pacific Coast banana business on the scale that it exists today. Important and

worthwhile economic benefits have been derived by the tropical countries where bananas have been planted.

Likewise, the North American con- sumer has profited by having available a larger supply of bananas at lower

prices than would otherwise have been

the case. "Today, the Panama Canal continues

to serve as an indispensable artery for the movement of this nutritious year- around fruit to the great markets of the United States and Europe." The Canal has the same indispensable

role for Ecuador's other products which

reach big world markets in the Atlantic through this direct route. As the country's economy grows, her products, whether petroleum, rice, Panama hats, or cocoa, can be offered at competitive

prices primarily because of this shortened road to market. New Stamps, Envelopes On Order

For Coming Rise In Postal Rates

Although new four-cent "regular" stamps and several new denominations

of air mail stamps are on order for the Canal Zone postal system, Zonians may

at first have to "make do" with combinations of other stamps when postal rates increase August 1. The four-cent stamp, air mail stamps

in the following denominations - five- cent, seven-cent, 15-cent, 25-cent, and

35-cent and stamped envelopes for both regular and air mail have been

ordered from the Bureau of Engraving

in Washington. They may not, however, arrive here until after the rat.' change is effective. Until the new stamps and stamped en- velopes do arrive, Zonians will have to add a one-cent stamp to the present six- cent air mail stamp to make up the new

air mail letter rate, put two two-cent stamps on "boat mail" letters to account

for the new four-cent "regular mail" rate,

or make up their own combinations. The new four-cent issue was described

in The Panama Canal Review last month. All of the new air mail issues

will use the current air mail designs with new denominations substituted for the present six-cent figure; they will come in colors like a rainbow. The five-cent air mail stamps, to be used on post cards after August 1, will be bright green; the seven-cent stamps,

olive green; the 15-cent stamps, lavender; the 25-centers, yellow; and those

of the 35-cent denomination, indigo, the Postal Division people say poetically. The air-mail envelope will be embossed

as it is now, but the stamp will be printed

in bright red instead of the present blue. Embossed envelopes for regular mail will also be available in two sizes, small and

large, with the embossed stamp in blue

instead of the present purple. Although Zonians may have to wait

for the new stamps, they are already enjoying a service which they have been

asking for for some time. On July 1, 30-cent United States special delivery stamps went on sale in all Canal Zone

post offices and branch post offices. The

30 cents is now the going rate for special delivery in the States- remember the good old days when a special delivery stamp cost a dime? The stamps are intended for use in the United States only, for those who

have urgent business or other reason

to use this service. It won't do a bit of good to put a special delivery stamp on

a letter to a local address. It won't get there any sooner.

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW July 4, 1958
NEW RAILROAD TERMINAL

Plans Ready For Passenger, Freight Facilities In Canal Zone

PANAMA RAILROAD

PASSENGER STATION

Construction is scheduled to begin in a matter of a few weeks on new terminal

facilities in the Canal Zone for the Pan- ama Railroad to replace the extensive

installations in Panama City which are to be transferred to the Republic of Pan- ama under terms of the 1955 Treaty. This is one of the few remaining agree, ments between the two nations awaiting full implementation, the necessary

legislation required for this and all re- maining Treaty commitments having now been enacted. The removal of the

railroad's terminal facilities from the

cities of Panama and Colon and transfer of these properties was requested by Panama and included in the Treaty. Bids for the necessary work to reestablish the Pacific side terminal facilities were advertised this week and will be opened July 25. It is planned to erect a new passenger depot on Shaler Road adjacent to the Zone boundary, and convert the former

Tivoli Commissary into a freight terminal. The existing main track will be used for the passenger station but it will be necessary to install team and access tracks to the new freight station. There

is one access track to the building already

in place but additional tracks and a re- arrangement of these and other facilities will be required.

All of the tracks will terminate at the Zone boundary near the present Central Avenue grade crossing. The tracks serving the freight house

will cross Gaillard Highway between Tivoli Crossing and Frangipani Street, run- ning along the boundary to the rear of the existing commissary building and

crossing the recently opened street in Panama joining Frangipani Street north

of Gaillard Highway. The new passenger station will consist

of a concrete platform, 455 feet long, with some 380 feet covered by aluminum

roofing on steel framing. The passenger

station proper will be a building 100 by

20 feet of steel framing and concrete- block walls, in addition to a smaller stor- age section. The station will have an

express and baggage room, ticket and

workroom, a waiting-section, and toilet

facilities. Vehicular access to the station will be by an access road connecting with Shaler Road which serves both Panama City and the Canal Zone.

The building to be used as a freight depot will require a considerable amount

of alteration. These will include the construction of loading and unloading plat- forms for both railway cars and trucks, access ramps to the platforms, and a general rearrangement of partitions and

space in the building for offices, storage, and customs work. A large amount of paving will be re- quired adjacent to the building to provide for trucking operations. The team

track will be located along the boundary and it is planned to provide outlets from this area directly into the Pan- ama street system. Moving Day

July 4,1958 11 A whole school and its pupils were moved last month when all classrooms

from La Boca elementary school were transferred to Pedro Miguel school.
.Zonians Honor. "The Colonel"

The centennial of the birth of Gen. George Washington Goethals, Chairman and Chief Engineer of the Isthmian Canal Commission and,

later, first Governor of The Panama

Canal, was observed in a simple cer- emony last Sunday.

In the presence of officers and members of various engineering societies, Gov. W. E. Potter placed a wreath at the foot of the Goethals Memorial near the Administration

Building. A brief prayer was offered as Governor Potter laid the wreath

at the monument.

General Goethals was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., June 29, 1858, was

appointed a member of the Isthmian Canal Commission March 4, 1907, and arrived here 10 days later; be- came the Commission's Chairman

and Chief Engineer on April 1, 1907; became the first Governor of The Panama Canal April 1, 1914; and re- signed from this post January 10, 1917. He died in New York City January 21, 1928.

It's Time Again

To Vaccinate Your Dogs

That time of year is here again for the dogs in the Canal Zone. The annual rabies vaccination and li- censing of dogs get underway next week,

a little earlier than in past years. Dates and places where the rabies vaccination

will be given appear in the accompanying table. At the community stations, dog licenses

will be issued by a clerk accompanying

the vaccinating team. For those who

have their animals vaccinated at the Sanitation Office or at Corozal, vaccination

certificates are issued; these must then be taken or mailed to the License Section

in the Civil Affairs Building, accompanied by $2, to obtain the registration. Residents of military reservations may

have their dogs vaccinated at the com- munity locations. A vaccination fee of $2 will be charged them but the dog li- cense must be obtained from military

authorities. No pet animal other than dogs will be

vaccinated against rabies at the com- munity stations. Other animals may obtain their rabies inoculation during clinic hours at the Corozal Station-Hospital for a fee of $2. The 1957 dog licenses expire July 31. After that date, dogs without the 1958 tags attached to their collars are subject to impounding by the police

Rabies Vaccination Program ATLANTIC SIDE

Town L<, ration and I)aU> Margarita North Elementary School Monday, July 7 Kainbow Cy. Ml. Hope Stadium 'shower mum

Wednesday, July 9 Galun Fire Station, Friday, July 11 Coco Solo Building 98 (near Breakers Cluhi Monday, July 14 PACIFIC SIDE

Gamboa Former Aids-to-Navigalion Bid;. Wednesday, July 16 Paraiso Scout Shack, Friday, July 18 Balboa Jr. High School (porte cochere) Monday, July 21 Balboa Jr. High School (porte cochere) Wednesday, July 23

PAGES FROM THE ^UrJfe

AVS HIST

THIS MONTH

50 Years Ago

Setting new records was getting to be

old stuff 50 years ago this month for the Canal's forces. During July 1908, exca- vation totaled 3,168,840 cubic yards of earth and rock, another new record for rainy-season work. This was 2,105,114 cubic yards more than the excavation for the previous July. The new record was set despite some of

the heaviest showers on record. On July 2, three inches of rain fell in about two-and-ahalf hours, 1.6 inches of it precipitated in a 15-minute period. Tracks in the Cut were under water for several hours. Three days

later, the rainfall was 3.43 inches in about

the same period. The work in the Canal was moving at such a pace that the Isthmian Canal Commission announced plans to purchase 200

additional dump cars. Three steel barges,

to be used in the stone and sand service between Portobello and Gatun, arrived under tow from the United States. They

had helped pay their passage by carrying 300 tons of coal apiece. An internal reorganization, effective July

1, abolished the old Department of Excavation and Dredging and set up three main

divisions: the Atlantic, Central, and Pacific. Later in the month the Department of Labor,

Quarters, and Subsistence was split into the Quartermaster's Department and the Subsistence Department. Personnel operations were transferred to the office of the ICC

Chairman. The reorganization was accompanied

by the departure of one of the members

of the Isthmian Canal Commission.

Jackson Smith, head of the Department

of Labor, Quarters, and Subsistence, left the Isthmus July If), to resign at the end

of his leave. He was succeeded by Maj.

Carroll A. Devol, who later headed the new Quartermaster's Department.

Fourth of July in the Canal Zone went

off in fine style 50 years ago this month. There were band concerts, bucking-horse

contests, fat men's races. 25 Years A30

Although Panama Canal officials con- tinued to hope for National Recovery Act

funds to alleviate effects of the depression

in the Canal Zone (they eventually got them), the local situation 25 years ago

this month was far from bright. Presi- dent F. D. Roosevelt signed an order continuing the 15 percent salary cut in- definitely; 1,524 employees were dropped

from the Canal rolls as emergency employment programs ended; a dozen or more Canal employees were retired under

the 30-year provision of the force-reduction plan. Canal traffic was still down, fiscal year

figures showed. Transits of ocean-going commercial vessels for the fiscal year which had ended at midnight June 30 totaled 4,494, 12 ships less than far the previous

fiscal year. Tolls were proportionately much lower A little over $1 million under

those for the previous fiscal year. Despite the general gloom, Zonians had

a fine Fourth of July, with swimmingmeets, traek meets, special movies, and

patriotic exercises. Judge Richard C. P. Thomas, new District Judge for the Canal

Zone, made his first public appearance

that day as main speaker at the Balboa

ceremonies. The Panama Canal, 25 years ago this month, was offered a machine to stop earth- quakes. Its inventor, a Nicaragua)!, said

that it would save the Canal forever from

any earthquake damage. All he wanted for

his invention icas $800 plus $200 expenses, and a share of the dividends which would

guarantee him an income of $2,000 a month 10 Years Ago

There were troubled times across the border 10 years ago this month, when the Panama Assembly staged a coup to unseat President Enrique A. Jimenez and

replace him with former Comptroller Henrique de Obarrio. The Supreme Court, however, held this unconstitutional. Several Panamanian politicians took refuge

in the Canal Zone.

Otherwise, things were rather quiet. Leaders of the American Federation of Government Employees announced that they were considering a request to Congress for

representation in Congress. This was an

outgrowth of the proposed application of income tax laws to the Canal Zone.

Tolls for the fiscal year which had

ended June 30 totaled $19,956,595, more

than for any fiscal year since 1940. One Year Ago

When all the figures were compiled, Canal statisticians found that more than

50 million tons of cargo had been shipped through the Canal during the fiscal year

just ended; this set a new record. So did

the number—8,579—of ocean-going commercial ships. PROMOTED

The appointment of Capt. W. H. Casswell as Chief of the Fire Division was announced in June. He joined the Division in 1924, was Chief at Cristobal

12 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW July 4, 1958
Two families live side-by-side here. This is a three-bedroom single house. France Field Quarters Returned To Canal

Gold Hill —not the great rocky crag on

the east side of Gaillard Cut but one of the most attractive residential sites on

the Atlantic side of the Canal Zone —

will be reopened for occupancy by Company-Government employees within the next few months. Gold Hill lies east of Randolph Road

in what was once the France Field mili- tary reservation and contains a set of

fine masonry houses. The quarters have

passed back and forth between the military and the Panama Canal for years. This week Gold Hill again passed into the hands of the Canal organization, this time permanently, as this area will now

be excluded from the military reservation. Work of rehabilitating the quarters will be

started at once; the first of them should be ready for assigment about September 1. The 29 apartments at Gold Hill, 15 of them single houses and the remainder in seven duplexes, will provide sufficient housing for the Atlantic side of the Zone to permit all American families and most bachelors to be moved

from 12-family buildings, and will round out the housing replacement program for the Atlantic side. The

Gold Hill quarters were inspected by a committee from the Board of Directors during their visit here last month.

Built between 1936 and 1942, the quarters were first occupied by the top

"brass" stationed at France Field. In August 1950, the houses were transferred

to the Canal organization on a temporary

status and were occupied by Canal families—including the Tatelmans, the Tiptons, and many other well-known Atlantic siders—until the Armed Services again

required the quarters in June, 1953.

All of the apartments are in two-story masonry buildings; some have a ground

floor, or "basement"—Canal Zone style. Some of the single houses have three bed- rooms; others have four bedrooms; all have two upstairs baths. The duplexes

are all three-bedroom apartments. The single-family quarters have be- tween 2,400 and 3,000 feet of floor space, including the carport. Ten of these houses are on-the-ground construction, with an extremely large living room run- ning the full width of the first floor. This

living room measures 52 by 18 feet. The

remainder of the first floor is occupied by

a kitchen, pantry, laundry, servant's room, bath, and carport. Two of the three bedrooms on the second floor are

12J-2 by a little over 17 feet, and the

third is slightly smaller. Balconies open

off the two front bedrooms. The five four-bedroom single quarMembers of Board of Directors and Canal officials inspected Gold Hill quarters

last month. From left: R. H. Cake, J. D. Hollen, Maj. Gen. G. E. Edgerton, G. H. Roderick (Chairman of the Board), L.'A. Ferguson, Col. S. K. Eisiminger,

Robert]) P. Burroughs/ Col. John D. McElheny, and Gov. William E. Potter.

ters are elevated on concrete pillars and

have a completely different floor plan from the first group of single houses. The four-bedroom houses have approx- imately 2,400 square feet of living space. The first-floor living room runs the depth of the house and has a good-sized diningroom "L". Other first-floor rooms

are kitchen, pantry, and lavatory. A

servant's room and carport are in the "basement" of this type. All but one

of the four bedrooms have cross ventilation. The two-family houses are side-by-side type; each family has an upstairs and

downstairs, with about 1,600 square feet

of living space in each apartment. These

houses are also elevated, with a maid's room and carport on the ground level. All of the quarters will require considerable rehabilitation. Vinyl tile flooring

will be installed in the kitchen and pantry. All will be given complete exterior

painting. Except for two of the single houses, all of the apartments will be assigned in accordance with the normal assignment

procedure The two exceptions are per- manent, official assignments to the Chief

of the Industrial Division and the Cris- tobal Magistrate. As the quarters are ready for occu- pancy, they will be advertised on the

regular quarters vacancy bulletin. The

"two-year rule" will not apply to the Gold Hill quarters.
RETIREMENTS IN JUNE JULY SAILINGS

Retirement certificates were presented

the end of June to the following employees who are listed alphabetically: Wilson M. Carnathan, Alabama; Chief of Buildings and Equipment Section, Retail Stores Branch; 12 years, 8 months, and 23 days; Birmingham, Ala. Anthony J. Catanzaro, Pennsylvania; Marine Machinist Foreman, Dredging Division; 9 years, 2 months, 12 days; Canal

Zone. Ruth E. Creasy, Indiana; Principal, Cocoli and Fort Kobbe Elementary Schools; 30 years, 6 months; Fremont, Ind., and

Orlando, Fla. Mrs. Muriel H. DeYoung, Panama; Accounting Clerk, Accounting Division; 17

years, 28 days; Canal Zone. George A. Halloran, Massachusetts; Pumping Plant Operator, Mount Hope Fil- tration Plant; 29 years, 10 months, and 12 davs; Florida. Max R. Hart, New York; Safety Inspector, Locks Overhaul; 30 years, 24 days; address undecided. William E. Jones, Oklahoma; Fire Captain, Fire Division; 29 years, 1 month, 15 days; Dallas, Tex.

Francis J. Krause, Germany; General

Electrical Foreman III, Locks Division; 32 years, 23 days; Florida. Lambert A. Mantovani, Italy Supervisory

Steward, Sen-ice Centers; 18 years, 7 months, 4 days; Canal Zone. John W. Prim, Jr., Alabama; Locks Se- curity Patrolman, Gatun Locks; 9 years, 8 months; Atlanta, Ga.

Charles C. Shumate, Mississippi; Marine

Machinist, Industrial Division; 15 years,

5 months, 17 days; Pensacola, Fla. David S. Smith, North Carolina; Loco- motive Steam Crane Engineer, Industrial Division; 31 years, 10 months, 4 days; North Carolina. ANNIVERSARIES

Again this month two long-time employees share the spotlight at the top of the

anniversaries list. On June 6, Henry E. May completed 35 years of Government

service, while Ulrich William Hughes' 35th anniversary was nine days later. Mr. May, now Superintendent of the Storehouse Branch of the Supply Division, was born in Bellefontaine, Ohio, but has

lived here since he was 12. His father, V. H. May, worked at Gatun Locks, which makes his son a second-generation employee. During school vacations he held a number

of jobs; for three years he helped the manager of the Gatun Clubhouse in the bowling

alleys at night. Just before he was 20, he

joined the staff of the Storehouses and has been in that line of work ever since on both

sides of the Isthmus. One of his more unusual jobs was supplying material for housing construction at New Cristobal in the late 1920's. Mr. May was made Assistant Superin- tendent of Storehouses in 1952 and moved

into the top Storehouse position the follow- ing year. Mr. Hughes, who was born in Kingston, N. Y., came to the Canal Zone in 1923 to

join the Electrical Division and has worked

for it ever since. He has served both as an instrument repairman and a meter inspector and is now a foreman at the instrument

repair shop at Balboa. His specialty is meters, a job which is even busier than usual right now with power conversion underway. Mr. Hughes' main hobby is fishing; he is a "rock fisherman" as against a deep-sea

one. When he has free time on weekends

he usually heads for the beach at Gorgona

or the causeway to the Fortified Islands to see what he can catch.

30 YEARS An unusually large number of employees

for one month—10 in all —were eligible for anniversary celebrations last month when

they completed 30 years of Government

service. For two of tJiem, lasl month also marked the end of I heir Canal careers. Alphabetically: Max R. Hart, Safety Inspector for the Locks Overhaul and a June retiree, spent

Among June's retirees were a husband and wife, Mr. and Mrs. David S. Smith.

Mrs. Mildred C. Smith, Massachusetts;

Clerk-Stenographer, Industrial Division;

9 years, 3 days; North Carolina. Mabel A. Sneider, Wyoming; Supervisory- Operating Room Nurse, Gorgas Hospital; 30 years, 2 days; address undecided. Judge Edward I. P. Tatelman, New

Hampshire; Magistrate, Cristobal; 31 years, 4 months, 2 days; Bradenton, Fla. George A. Thibodeau, Massachusetts;

Auditor, General Audit Division; 20 years,

1 month, 12 days; Winter Park, Fla. John H. Ward, Connecticut; General

Electrical Foreman III, Locks Division; 35

years, 3 months, 14days;St. Petersburg, Fla.

most of his Canal years accounting for property. He joined the Canal organization in 1920, and worked for two years in various

clerical positions with the Panama Railroad. After an eight-year break in service, he re- turned as a foreman in the Commissary Division but soon switched to property handling and accounting. Since the old Property

Section was abolished he has been Safety

Inspector for several units. Edward W. Hatchett, who has taught thousands of young Isthmians the finer points of higher mathematics, is on the

faculty of the Canal Zone Junior College. He comes from Yanceyville, N. C , is a one-time Naval Academy midshipman and

has been a teacher here since 1931. For 22 years he served as secretary of the Canal Zone Central Labor Union and is now in his third term as its president. Harry B. Friedland, Cost Accounting

Clerk in the Dredging Division, has un- broken service not only with the Panama

Canal but also with his division. A native

of Newport News, \'a., he joined the Canal

organization in November 1929. Albert J. Joyce, who comes from Boston,

Mass., is another unbroken-service man. He

has never worked with any Canal unit ex- cept the Electrical Division with which he

is a Wireman. James H. Rheney, Electrician Foreman I with lie Motor Transportation Division, has split his government service between

the Panama Canal and the Navy He

started his Canal career in 1939, worked as

a Wireman in the Electrical Division, and

as i radio repairman in tie old Receiving and forwarding Agency. His Navy service predated his arrival here and he was also

recalled to the Navy during World War II. Joseph M. Raylson, who has just been made Chiei "I the Housewares and Drygoods Branch of the Procurement Division

i:i New Ynrk. has worked for t he New York

Office since 1928. except for the four-year

period between 1942 and 1946 when he was

serving with the Armed Forces. Born in New York City, he now lives on I. cine Island. Cuthbert C. Rowe, now a Retail Store Supervisor who Ins been acting manager at 1'araiso recently, has been in the business of serving people l"r many years. He worked m a Number of clubhouses and was manager

14

FROM CRISTOBAL

Ancon July 2 Cristobal July 12 Ancon juh 10 Cristobal July 30 FROM NEW YORK

Cristobal*- July 3 Ancon July 1

Cristobal July 22 Ancon July 29

^Cristobal sails one day early because of holiday. Southbound ships which leave New York Friday

are in Haiti the following Tuesday. Those which

sail from New York Tuesday spend Saturday in Haiti. Northbound, the ships stop in Haiti two days after clearing Cristobal: Monday for those which sail from

Cristobal Saturday, and Friday for those which clear Cristobal Wednesday.

of the Camp Bierd Clubhouse until it was

closed a year and a half ago. He comes from

Bridgetown. Barbados.

J. Bartley Smith, Project Engineer for the Power Conversion Project, came to the Canal Zone as an Assistant Junior Engineer

30 years ago last month, fresh out of Rose

Polytechnic Institute. He remained with

the Electrical Division, which he headed from 1951, until the middle of 1957 when

he was transferred to his present job. Mabel A. Sneider, Supervisory Operating Room Nurse at Gorgas Hospital, was another June retirement. Miss Sneider was

born in Casper, Wyo., and came here for the first time in 1926. All of her ser\-ice was at Gorgas Hospital. Claude W. Wade, restaurant manager a the Cristobal Service Center, is another 30- year man who has split his service between

the Canal and the Navy. He has worked

at a number of the service centers and was

restaurant manager at Ancon when that

service center closed. 25 YEARS

The Engineering and Construction and

Marine Bureaus have a corner on June's

Silver Anniversary employees, with E&C

having a 4-to-0 edge. The five 25-year men are: John C. Harrison, Chef Towboat Engineer, Dredging Division. Anthony J. Kucikas, Carpenter Foreman,

Maintenance Division. Robert M. Turner, Maintenance Machinist Foreman, Water & Laboratories Bram h; William S. Walston, Mate on the dredge Mindi, and the only born-Zonian in the group—his father, W. H. Walston, was once deputy warden of Gamboa Penitentiary; Leonard Wolford, Supervisory Marine

Traffic Controller in the Balboa Port Captain's Office.

20 YEARS

Three of the eight Company-Government

employees who completed 20 years of Government service in June have unbroken

Canal service. They are: Leland Brooks, Senior Towboat Master

with the Dredging Division; William E. LeBrun, Supervisory Personnel Security

Specialist in the Internal Security Office; and James E. Huddleston, Powerhouse Operator in the Electrical Division. Other 20-year employees are: Alwyn de Leon, ( '.eneral Claims Examiner, General Audit Division; John A. Michaelis, Constable, Balboa Magistrate's Court; James P. Sutherland, Passenger

Traffic Manager in the New S'ork Office; Fred R. Trout, Combination Welder. Industrial Division; and Margaret F. Wiggin,

General Claims Examiner, Gen. Audit Div.

15 YEARS

June was 15th anniversary month for ten Company-Government employees. Those

with unbroken Canal service are: Frank L. Benson, Machinist, Pacific Locks; Jose Gaston Hughes, ('.eneral Illus- trator, Engineering Division; Mrs. Helen M. Kenway, Clerk, Division of Schools;

F. P. McLaughlin, Jr., Cribtender Foreman,

Terminals Division; and Rex Victor Sellens, Machinist II, Pacific Locks. The other five are: Joseph M. Bateman, Machinist, Pacific Locks; Buenaventura A. Beluche, ('.eneral Engineer, Survey Branch; Mrs. Margaret M. Dietz, Cargo Clerk. Terminals Division

Victor H. May, Jr., Marine Traffic Controller, Cristobal; and Gerald O. Parker,

Supervisory Stewrd, Gorgas Hospital. THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW July 4, 1958
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

May 75 through June 75

Employees who were promoted or transferred between May 15 and June 15 are

listed below. Within-grade promotions are not reported. ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Mrs. Mabelle B. Walker, from File Clerk

to Management Analyst, Communications

and Records Section. Edwin C. Jones, from File Supervisor to Mail and File Supervisor, Communications

and Records Section. Henry S. McKibbin, from Management

Analyst to File Supervisor, Communications and Records Section. Elizabeth Mitchell, from Clerk-Typist to Management Analyst, Records Management Section. CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

D. Robert LaPorta, from Policeman and

Motorcycle Officer to Policeman and Motorcycle Officer and Detective, Police Division. John W. Towery, Jr., from Customs Guard to Customs Inspector, Customs Division. James V. Bartlett, from Fire Lieutenant,

Fire Division, to Customs Guard, Customs

Division. Ralph L. Edwards, from Firefighter, Driver-Operator, to Fire Sergeant II, Fire

Division. Joseph F. Dolan, from Fire Sergeant,

Fire Division, to Customs Guard, Customs

Division. William G. Dolan, from Fire Marshal to Fire Captain, Fire Division. Werner S. Anderson, from Pumping

Plant Operator II, Maintenance Division,

to Policeman, Police Division. Kenneth L. Morris, from Substitute Win- dow Clerk to Window Clerk, Postal Division OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

Mrs. Shirley A. Musselman, from Clerk- Stenographer to Travel Expense Claims Examiner, General Audit Division. Mrs. Betty R. Olsen, from Travel Expense Claims Examiner to General Claims

Examiner, General Audit Division. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

DeLeon Tschumy, from Air Hoist Oper"

ator, Locks Overhaul, to Pumping Plant Operator II, Water and Laboratories Branch. Dorothy L. Cotton, from Typist to Clerk- Typist, Engineering Division. Gilmore A. Jones, from Apprentice to Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Mechanic, Maintenance Division. Louis H. Charles, from Painting Inspector, Contract and Inspection Division, to Lead Foreman Painter, Maintenance Division. Robert L. Robinson, from Lead Carpenter Foreman to Lead Joiner Foreman, Maintenance Division. John L. Mason, from Electronics Mechanic to Power Plant Electrician, Electrical Division. Frank A. Anderson, Jr., from Plumber, Maintenance Division, to Plumbing Inspector, Contract and Inspection Division. Lawrence J. Ryan, from Power Plant

Electrician to Wireman, Electrical Division. Arthur M. Streams, from Armature

Winder, Electrical Division, to Construction Representative, Power Conversion

Project. Julius J. Hentschel, from Wireman, Electrical Division, to Construction Representative, Power Conversion Project. HEALTH BUREAU

Robert U. Schultz, from Food Inspector

to Meat Inspector, Division of Veterinary Medicine.

Gorgas Hospital Wilma Hidalgo, from Clerk-Stenographer

to Clerk (Stenography). Mrs. Beverly C. Differ, from Clerk (Typing) to Medical Assistant (Typing). Mrs. Ruth H. Powell, from Clerk-Typist

to Clerk (Typing).

Ellen M. Tiernan, from Staff Nurse to Head Nurse. Mrs. Frances M. Baltozen, from ClerkStenographer to Medical Assistant (Sten- ography).

Dr. Harold Mondragon, from Chief, Clinical Pathology Section, to Chief of Labor

atory Service. Irene A. Ladrach, Mrs. Elvira L. Byrne, from Head Nurse to Nurse Supervisor. Mrs. Rita G. Gribbons, from Head Nurse

to Assistant Director of Nursing. Mrs. Bernhilda F. Jensen, from Stafl Nurse to Head Nurse. (EDITORS NOTE: In addition to theabove,

raises were received by approximately 25 Gorgas Hospital nurses, following a classifi- cation study made by the Personnel Bureau and a reorganization of the nursing services. Similar raises were reported for about 115

others last month.) MARINE BUREAU

William A. R. Beil, from Air Hoist Operator, Locks Overhaul, to Towing Locomotive Operator, Atlantic Locks. William T. O'Connor, George E. Riley,

Jr., Herbert S. Driscoll, Frederick W.

Hensler, John W. Whipple, John E. Erickson, Carl G. Breitenbach, James H. Hagan,

William K. Price, John D. Lowe, from Dock Lead Foreman to Docking and Undocking General Foreman, Navigation Division. Henry R. Chenevert, Alfred C. Mullennax, from Launch Repair Shop Foreman III to Lead Foreman Marine Machinist, Navigation Division.

" Paul W. Bramlett, Clint M. Holcomb,

from Wireman to Wireman Foreman I, Pacific Locks.

Clifton A. Hayward, from Towing Loco- motive Operator, Atlantic Locks, to Ship- wright Apprentice (3d year), Industrial Division. SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY SERVICE BUREAU

John J. Barton, from Chief, Procurement

Division, New York Operations, to General Manager, Supply Division. Robert H. Miller, from Assistant Manager, Cristobal Housing Office, to Assistant Manager, Balboa Housing Office, Community Services Division. Jackson J. Pearce, from Manager, Gamboa Housing Office, to Assistant Manager,

Cristobal Housing Office, Community Services Division. Boyd M. Bevington, from Supervisory- Administrative Assistant, Grounds Maintenance Branch, to Manager, Gamboa

Housing Office, Community Services Division. Arthur C. Payne, from Housing Management Aid, Housing Branch, to Supervisory Administrative Assistant, Grounds Maintenance Branch, Community Services Division.James M. Kelley, from Accounting Clerk

to Housing Management Aid, Housing

Branch, Community Services Division. WASHINGTON OFFICE

Joseph G. Brown, from Personnel Assist- ant, Personnel Bureau, to Office Services

Assistant, Office of the Secretary. OTHER PROMOTIONS

Promotions which did not involve a change of title were: Mrs. Dorothea F. McNall, Mrs. Hazel

F. Nail, Mrs. C. Lucile Baer, Time, Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Payroll Branch, Office

of Comptroller. James R. Doran, Supervisory General Supply Assistant, Storehouse Branch, Supply Division. David C. Mcllhenny, Supervisory Hospital Administrative Officer, Coco Solo Hospital. Mrs. Rosemarie J. Kenealy, General Claims Examiner, Claims Branch, General Audit Division. Mrs. Jean M. Harris, Head Nurse (Psychiatric), Corozal Hospital. Mrs. Ora V. Stich, Librarian, Gorgas

Hospital. William F. Robinson, Retail Store Supervisor, Supply Division.

July 4,1958 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

Classified Pay Raises

Will Appear In Checks

To Be Issued Next Week

Paychecks which will be received next week by the several hundred classified and postal employees in the Canal service will look substantially more attractive The Payroll Branch has announced

the ten percent pay increase for the two groups will be reflected in the checks to be delivered Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. The lump-sum

payments for the retroactive increases

will be made sometime before the next

regular payday, but not likely before Monday, July 14. There will be a slight difference in the amount of the paychecks for the first two

pay periods because of a change in the method of computation established in the

pay-raise legislation. The maximum

amount of difference will be 79 cents. These differences will occur only in the paychecks delivered next week and two

weeks later. Thereafter, the biweekly pay

will be uniform. The pay increase was jubilantly re- ceived by classified and postal workers

for three main reasons: They were glad

to get more money; they had seen two

prospective raises vetoed; and classified salaries have lagged behind those of other main employee groups for the past several years. With the ten percent increase just granted, the accumulated pay increase

for classified employees since 1950 ag- gregates 30 percent. An average of 58 percent wage increase has been received in this same period by

employees paid at locality rates. The percentage of the Wage Board

group, one of the largest groups, has been approximately 50 percent since 1950.

Salaries for this group are based on those

of like occupations in the United States

for whom salaries have spiraled in the post-war period. The local-rate pay increases have varied percentagewise, largely because most

of those increases have been across-the- board and on a basis of cents-per-hour.

This, of course, resulted in a higher per- centage increase for those in the lower

categories and less for the higher grades.

Classified employees have had only

three increases since 1950, these being 10 percent in 1951, 7.5 percent in 1955, and

10 percent this year. Local-rate pay increases and adjust- ments have been made five times since

1950, with across-the-board increases

in 1950 and 1956. During this period the minimum wage has been increased from 20 cents to 50 cents an hour.

Salaries for Wage Board employees are adjusted semi-annually and increases have varied among the many occupations, being based on wage adjustments

in like occupations in the United States.

There were a number of changes in top personnel a year ago this month. Col. Hugh M. Arnold moved from Director of

the Engineering and Construction Bureau

to the post of Lieutenant Governor; L. A.

Ferguson became Supply and Employee

Service Director; Edward B. O'Brien suc- ceeded A. E. Beck as Superintendent of the Terminals Division; and Warren H. Smith

became Chief of the Safety Branch.
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA SHIPPING

3 1262 08544 4692

TRANSITS BY OCEAN-GOING

VESSELS IN MAY

1957 1958 Commercial 783 752 Government--. —- 24 26

Total--- 908 778 TOLLS*

Commercial $3,558, 185 $3,529,936 Government..:- 80,307 83,403

TotaL . $3,638,492 $3,613,339

•Includes tolls on all vessels, ocean-going and small CARGO (Long tons) Commercials - 4,588,311 4,074,098 Government... 70,181 73,614

Total- . 4,658,492 4,147,712

Possible Customer

New Cruise Liner in 1959

A new cruise liner is among the ships already scheduled to visit the Canal next dry season. It is the Home Line's luxury

ship Hanseatic, formerly the Canadian

Pacific Empress of Scotland. Remodeled

in Hamburg at a cost of approximately

$5 million, the Hanseatic will make her maiden voyage on the North Atlantic run from New' York to Hamburg this month

and is scheduled to come to Cristobal in February 1959 on a Caribbean cruise. As the Empress of Scotland, the liner has made several visits to the Canal in previous years Purchased last year by

the Home Line, the ship underwent ex- tensive remodeling which included, among

other things, the replacing of the original

steel upperdeck and the three steel funnels with an enclosed first class deck and

two shorter funnels made of lightweight aluminum. Record Sugar Cargo

One of the largest single shipments of sugar ever transported on one ship was

brought through the Panama Canal re- cently aboard the SS Andros Mariner, a new 13,910-ton freighter owned by the Orion Shipping and Trading Corp. The

vessel arrived in Cristobal from Santa

Maria, Cuba, with 19,050 tons of sugar and passed through the Canal southbound

en route to Crockett, Calif. United Fruit Company are agents for the ship.

Orient Liner Due Tuesday

On her annual round-the-world sum- mer cruise, the Orient Line passenger ship

Qrsova is scheduled to arrive in Balboa Tuesday with a full list of passengers from New Zealand, Australia, and United

States West Coast ports. The Orsova will dock briefly in Balboa Tuesday morning and will make the Canal transit the same

day The ship is scheduled to dock in Cristobal and to sail at midnight for London via Caribbean and European

ports, Norton Lilly & Co., local agents

for the line, announced. The Orsova is one of the two Orient

liners which make round-the-world cruises each year. The second is the Orcades, which is due in Cristobal from London in

The Grace Line's new Santa Rosa, above, may become a regular Canal

customer. Plans have been announced to place the liner and her sister-ship on the New York-South American West Coast run. If this is done, Grace Line passenger

ships will appear on the West Coast for the first time since before World War II.

SeptemberZand will make the earthgirdling trip in the opposite direction. On the westbound voyage, the Orcades

will stop at San Francisco, Hawaii, New

Zealand, Australia, Capetown, and Las

Palmas.

Pacific Steam Promotions

The Pacific Steam Navigation Company announced last month the appoint- ment to top jobs of two employees both

well known in local shipping circles. They are H. Leslie Bowes, Managing Director of the Pacific Steam Navigation

Co. in Liverpool, who has been appointed

to the post of Managing Director of the PSNC-associated Royal Mail Lines, Ltd.,

of London; and Capt. Arthur George

Litherland, skipper of the Pacific Steam

Navigation liner Reina del Mar, who has been named Commandant of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company fleet. Mr. Bowes was stationed in Chile as Manager for South America for the PSXC

for a number of years. He has visited the Canal many times and is well known

on both sides of the Isthmus. Captain

Litherland served in various capacities on

the PSNC coastal vessels which used

Cristobal as a home port before the last war, and has been a regular visitor to the Isthmus in recent years. His ship, the Reina del Mar, is due at the Canal this month on its homeward-bound trip to England from Chile. New Maersk Service The beginning of a new service with monthly sailings from West African ports

to U. S. Atlantic and U. S. Pacific ports, the Far East, and around the world, has been announced by the Maersk Line.

Inaugurating the service will be the Harlviy Maersk, which is slated to arrive

in Cristobal August 13 from Boston and New York after having brought cargo from Matadi and other African ports. The ship will make the Canal transit

for the U. S. West Coast and continue from San Francisco to Keelung, Takao,

Pusan, and Japanese ports. From Japan,

the vessel will continue on around the world to Matadi via Singapore, Durban, and Cape Town. Four other modern

post-war freighters will follow the Hartvig Maersk. They are the Vibeke Maersk,

the Hans Maersk, the Elsa Maersk, and

the Ras Maersk. Fenton & Co. are agents

for all Maersk Line ships at the Canal.

Canal Back On Schedule After Overhaul

(Continued from page 2) in that chamber

during the overhaul five years from now.

In connection with the investigation

of conditions found in the floor and

lateral culverts at Pedro Miguel, and

hecause of prospective repairs during

the next lock overhaul, the Canal has employed the services of an outstanding hydraulic engineer as a consultant on these conditions. He is Edward

Soucek, Chief of the Civil Design Branch of the Omaha Engineer District. Mr. Soucek is a former Canal employee

and is thoroughly acquainted with the

lock system, having been employed as Senior Engineer in the Special Engineering Division on the Third Locks Project from 1939 to 1942. He has spent this past week in the Canal Zone for observation of conditions at Pedro Miguel and

for ci insultation and advice on the problem.

THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW July 4, 1958