Appendix F – Nonroad Mobile Source Summary

and Documentation
Nonroad Emissions by County

County 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

1 Anderson 1.34 1.13 0.91 0.72 0.58 0.52

2 Blount 1.69 1.52 1.28 1.05 0.86 0.75

3 Jefferson 1.20 1.24 1.21 1.10 0.99 0.91

4 Knox 6.82 6.24 5.26 4.26 3.40 2.95

5 Loudon 1.00 0.96 0.87 0.76 0.66 0.59

6 Sevier 1.11 1.08 0.99 0.85 0.72 0.64

County 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

1 Anderson 2.92 2.66 2.27 1.87 1.49 1.35

2 Blount 4.12 3.75 3.22 2.70 2.22 2.07

3 Jefferson 5.34 4.65 3.75 2.96 2.18 1.77

4 Knox 9.34 8.04 6.60 5.70 5.26 5.22

5 Loudon 3.31 2.95 2.44 1.97 1.51 1.30

6 Sevier 9.24 9.01 8.18 6.87 5.39 4.92

NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 1 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Anderson

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 2.04 1.89 1.68 1.41 1.09 0.82

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.25 1.23 1.11 0.98 0.86 0.79

Construction & Mining Equipment 12.56 11.34 9.53 7.31 5.14 3.93

Industrial Equipment 19.50 13.60 8.72 5.86 4.46 4.30

Lawn/Garden Equipment 1.62 1.71 1.47 1.24 1.17 1.19

Logging Equipment 0.34 0.26 0.19 0.10 0.04 0.03

Oil Field Equipment 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01

Pleasure Craft 3.05 3.64 3.95 3.92 3.81 3.64

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.10 0.08

Recreational equipment 0.94 1.17 1.32 1.32 1.30 1.30

Underground Mining equipment 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 2 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Blount

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 6.48 5.99 5.32 4.48 3.44 2.62

Airport Support 1.36 1.26 1.08 0.82 0.55 0.35

Commercial Equipment 2.44 2.42 2.18 1.91 1.69 1.55

Construction & Mining Equipment 18.62 16.82 14.13 10.85 7.63 5.82

Industrial Equipment 13.76 9.76 6.45 4.49 3.56 3.50

Lawn/Garden Equipment 4.77 4.97 4.21 3.68 3.53 3.55

Logging Equipment 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 3.37 4.02 4.36 4.33 4.21 4.02

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.04

Recreational equipment 1.41 1.75 1.86 1.86 1.84 1.84

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 3 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Jefferson

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 6.25 5.79 5.14 4.33 3.32 2.52

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 0.72 0.71 0.64 0.56 0.50 0.46

Construction & Mining Equipment 8.52 7.70 6.47 4.97 3.49 2.67

Industrial Equipment 3.37 2.45 1.68 1.21 1.01 1.00

Lawn/Garden Equipment 0.57 0.61 0.53 0.43 0.39 0.41

Logging Equipment 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 16.91 20.12 21.83 21.70 21.09 20.11

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04

Recreational equipment 0.75 0.93 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.95

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 4 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Knox

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 4.92 4.55 4.04 3.41 2.62 1.99

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 20.95 20.71 18.66 16.38 14.47 13.24

Construction & Mining Equipment 120.37 108.74 91.33 70.11 49.29 37.63

Industrial Equipment 29.62 21.46 14.67 10.60 8.77 8.74

Lawn/Garden Equipment 27.01 27.88 23.52 20.83 20.07 20.13

Logging Equipment 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01

Pleasure Craft 7.22 8.59 9.32 9.27 9.01 8.60

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.20 0.16 0.13

Recreational equipment 0.94 1.15 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.08

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 5 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Loudon

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 5.10 4.72 4.19 3.53 2.71 2.06

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.24 1.23 1.11 0.97 0.86 0.79

Construction & Mining Equipment 9.23 8.34 7.00 5.38 3.78 2.89

Industrial Equipment 5.40 3.82 2.52 1.75 1.38 1.35

Lawn/Garden Equipment 1.33 1.39 1.18 1.02 0.98 0.99

Logging Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 7.70 9.16 9.94 9.89 9.61 9.17

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.09

Recreational equipment 0.69 0.85 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.91

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 6 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Sevier

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 2.99 2.77 2.46 2.07 1.59 1.21

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.23 1.21 1.09 0.96 0.85 0.77

Construction & Mining Equipment 17.53 15.84 13.30 10.21 7.18 5.48

Industrial Equipment 2.95 2.24 1.64 1.27 1.12 1.15

Lawn/Garden Equipment 2.50 2.58 2.20 1.89 1.80 1.82

Logging Equipment 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 2.27 2.68 2.91 2.89 2.81 2.68

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Recreational equipment 4.97 6.13 6.96 6.97 6.88 6.85

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 7 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Sum of ALL

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.90 0.83 0.74 0.62 0.48 0.36

Airport Support 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01

Commercial Equipment 0.90 0.89 0.80 0.70 0.62 0.57

Construction & Mining Equipment 6.03 5.44 4.57 3.51 2.47 1.88

Industrial Equipment 2.41 1.72 1.15 0.81 0.65 0.65

Lawn/Garden Equipment 1.22 1.26 1.07 0.94 0.90 0.91

Logging Equipment 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 1.31 1.56 1.69 1.68 1.63 1.56

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01

Recreational equipment 0.31 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Totals 13.16 12.17 10.51 8.74 7.21 6.37

NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 8 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Page 9 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Anderson

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.16 0.13 0.11

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 2.00 1.72 1.34 1.16 1.16 1.21

Construction & Mining Equipment 1.91 1.63 1.39 1.21 1.07 0.99

Industrial Equipment 4.73 2.97 1.56 0.91 0.65 0.60

Lawn/Garden Equipment 11.81 10.28 8.36 7.20 7.01 7.36

Logging Equipment 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.20

Oil Field Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Pleasure Craft 22.57 19.02 14.77 11.29 7.96 5.94

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02

Recreational equipment 47.06 46.29 42.72 35.94 27.85 25.35

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 10 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Blount

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.81 0.69 0.58 0.49 0.41 0.35

Airport Support 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07

Commercial Equipment 3.94 3.37 2.62 2.27 2.26 2.37

Construction & Mining Equipment 2.83 2.42 2.06 1.80 1.59 1.47

Industrial Equipment 3.23 2.04 1.09 0.64 0.46 0.44

Lawn/Garden Equipment 28.21 24.12 19.80 17.65 17.69 18.62

Logging Equipment 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 24.96 21.02 16.32 12.48 8.80 6.56

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

Recreational equipment 63.44 62.35 57.30 48.23 37.44 34.11

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 11 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Jefferson

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.78 0.66 0.56 0.48 0.39 0.34

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.15 0.99 0.77 0.67 0.66 0.69

Construction & Mining Equipment 1.29 1.11 0.94 0.82 0.73 0.67

Industrial Equipment 0.76 0.48 0.26 0.16 0.12 0.11

Lawn/Garden Equipment 5.44 4.85 3.86 3.19 3.02 3.16

Logging Equipment 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 124.19 104.74 81.24 62.09 43.75 32.60

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Recreational equipment 31.80 31.30 28.70 24.18 18.80 17.14

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 12 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Knox

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.61 0.52 0.44 0.38 0.31 0.27

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 33.80 29.08 22.64 19.62 19.47 20.44

Construction & Mining Equipment 18.27 15.68 13.31 11.65 10.27 9.52

Industrial Equipment 6.68 4.26 2.31 1.39 1.02 0.97

Lawn/Garden Equipment 143.71 122.03 101.23 92.08 93.54 98.62

Logging Equipment 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05

Oil Field Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Pleasure Craft 53.52 45.24 35.17 26.92 18.99 14.16

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03

Recreational equipment 32.74 32.22 29.28 24.73 19.34 17.69

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 13 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Loudon

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.63 0.54 0.45 0.39 0.32 0.28

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 2.01 1.74 1.35 1.17 1.16 1.22

Construction & Mining Equipment 1.40 1.20 1.02 0.89 0.79 0.73

Industrial Equipment 1.27 0.80 0.43 0.25 0.18 0.17

Lawn/Garden Equipment 8.55 7.42 6.06 5.32 5.28 5.55

Logging Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 57.09 48.36 37.62 28.80 20.34 15.17

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02

Recreational equipment 31.67 31.22 28.73 24.19 18.79 17.12

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 14 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Sevier

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.37 0.32 0.27 0.23 0.19 0.16

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.92 1.68 1.31 1.14 1.13 1.19

Construction & Mining Equipment 2.65 2.28 1.94 1.70 1.49 1.39

Industrial Equipment 0.60 0.39 0.22 0.14 0.11 0.10

Lawn/Garden Equipment 16.13 14.32 11.66 10.16 10.01 10.52

Logging Equipment 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 16.39 13.99 10.85 8.30 5.85 4.36

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Recreational equipment 248.17 246.14 227.35 191.21 148.11 134.77

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 15 of 16
Nonroad Emissions by County

Sum of ALL

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.45 1.24 0.97 0.84 0.83 0.88

Construction & Mining Equipment 0.91 0.78 0.67 0.58 0.51 0.48

Industrial Equipment 0.56 0.35 0.19 0.11 0.08 0.08

Lawn/Garden Equipment 6.90 5.90 4.87 4.37 4.40 4.64

Logging Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 9.64 8.14 6.32 4.84 3.41 2.54

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Recreational equipment 14.67 14.50 13.36 11.24 8.72 7.94

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Totals 34.26 31.05 26.47 22.07 18.04 16.62

VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 16 of 16
Nonroad ALM Base Year

FIPS County CO NOX PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI SO2 VOC

47001 Anderson 48.85 0.26 0.96 0.66 0.04 4.59

47009 Blount 921.93 136.96 15.83 12.01 15.68 69.58

47089 Jefferson 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.09

47093 Knox 452.96 2.45 8.94 6.17 0.37 42.19

47105 Loudon 82.36 0.45 1.62 1.12 0.07 7.74

47155 Sevier 279.77 1.52 5.58 3.85 0.22 24.43

FIPS County CO NOX PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI SO2 VOC

47001 Anderson 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

47009 Blount 2.53 0.38 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.19

47089 Jefferson 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

47093 Knox 1.24 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.12

47105 Loudon 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02

47155 Sevier 0.77 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.07

4.90 0.39 0.09 0.07 0.04 0.41

SCC Description CO NH3 NOX PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI SO2 VOC

2280002200 CMV, UNDERWAY EMISSIONS: DIESEL 1.06 0.00 5.53 0.20 0.20 0.36 0.12

2285002006 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL LINE 

HAUL: CLASS I 266.19 0.83 1,786.00 62.20 57.23 18.80 97.74

2285002007

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL LINE 

HAUL LOCOMOTIVES: CLASS II/III 

OPERATIONS 5.15 0.02 52.34 1.29 1.19 0.36 2.03

SCC Description CO NH3 NOX PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI SO2 VOC

2280002200 CMV, UNDERWAY EMISSIONS: DIESEL 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002006 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL LINE 

HAUL: CLASS I 0.73 0.00 4.89 0.17 0.16 0.05 0.27

2285002007

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL LINE 

HAUL LOCOMOTIVES: CLASS II/III 

OPERATIONS 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

Aircraft Pollutant Totals by county (tons/year) 

Typical Summer Day Aircraft Pollutant Totals by county (tons) 

Locomotive & Commercial Marine Totals by SCC Category (tons/year)

Typical Summer Day Locomotive & Commercial Marine Totals by SCC Category (tons)

Page 1 of 1
ALM Future Year

SCC Description 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

2280002200 CMV, UNDERWAY EMISSIONS: 

DIESEL 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

2285002006 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL 

LINE HAUL: CLASS I 4.89 4.52 3.91 3.25 2.68 2.37

2285002007

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL 

LINE HAUL LOCOMOTIVES: CLASS 

II/III OPERATIONS 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.07

5.05 4.67 4.03 3.35 2.77 2.44

SCC Description 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

2280002200 CMV, UNDERWAY EMISSIONS: 

DIESEL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002006 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL 

LINE HAUL: CLASS I 0.27 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.14 0.13

2285002007

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL 

LINE HAUL LOCOMOTIVES: CLASS 

II/III OPERATIONS 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.27 0.25 0.21 0.18 0.14 0.13

NOX Typical Summer Day Locomotive & Commercial 

Marine Totals by SCC Category (tons)

VOC Typical Summer Day Locomotive & Commercial 

Marine Totals by SCC Category (tons)

Page 1 of 2
ALM Future Year

2010 2013 2016 2020 2024 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

47001 Anderson 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

47009 Blount 0.34 0.28 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.10

47089 Jefferson 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

47093 Knox 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06

47105 Loudon 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

47155 Sevier 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04

0.36 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.19 0.37 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.20

NOX Future year VOC Future Year

FIPS County

Aircraft Pollutant Totals by county (tons/year) 

Page 2 of 2
AREA & NONROAD BASE & FORECAST YEAR 

INVENTORIES

DRAFT REPORT

Contract No. S-2009-06-01

April 2010

Prepared for:

Ronald C. Methier

Southeastern States Air Resource Managers, Inc.

526 Forest Parkway, Suite F

Forest Park, GA 30297-6140

Prepared by:

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

3622 Lyckan Parkway, Suite 2005

Durham, NC 27707
[This page intentionally left blank.]
PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report iii

CONTENTS

Page

TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ iv

I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1

II. STATIONARY AREA SOURCE SECTOR INVENTORY.................................................. 2

A. AGENCY SUPPLIED INVENTORY DATA................................................................ 2

B. DEVELOPMENT OF PECHAN DEFAULT 2007 AREA SOURCE INVENTORY... 4

1. Nonpoint Source NEI.............................................................................................. 4

2. Estimation of Area Source Emissions from Industrial and Commercial/

Institutional Fuel Combustion....................................................................................... 10

a. Total ICI Energy Consumption.......................................................................... 20

b. Stationary Source Energy Consumption............................................................ 21

c. Non-Fuel Energy Consumption ......................................................................... 21

d. Point Source Energy Consumption.................................................................... 26

e. Emission Factors................................................................................................ 26

f. Coal Sulfur and Ash Content ............................................................................. 28

g. County Allocation Data ..................................................................................... 28

C. INVENTORY SUPPLEMENTATION/FINAL DATA MERGING ........................... 32

D. QA/QC PROCEDURES ............................................................................................... 36

III. 2007 NONROAD MOBILE SOURCE INVENTORY .......................................................... 40

A. NONROAD MODEL CATEGORIES.......................................................................... 40

B. AIRCRAFT................................................................................................................... 42

C. COMMERCIAL MARINE VESSELS......................................................................... 44

D. LOCOMOTIVES.......................................................................................................... 48

E. QA/QC PROCEDURES ............................................................................................... 49

IV. EMISSIONS SUMMARIES......................................................................................... 52

A. STATIONARY AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS .......................................................... 52

B. NONROAD MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS ........................................................... 57

V. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 62
PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report iv

TABLES

Table II-1. Overview of Area Source Inventory Components by State/Local Agency................. 3

Table II-2. Incorporation of Pechan Defaults by SCC and Jurisdiction ........................................ 5

Table II-4. 2008 NEI Area Source Categories for Which EPA Has Developed Emission 

Estimates....................................................................................................................................... 11

Table II-5. Methods for Updating 2008 NEI Estimates that Are Not Based on 2007 Emissions 

Activity ......................................................................................................................................... 15

Table II-6. ICI Fuel Combustion Area Source Classification Codes........................................... 20

Table II-7. LPG Nonroad Mobile Source Classification Codes.................................................. 22

Table II-8. Assumptions Used to Estimate Industrial Sector Stationary Source Distillate Fuel 

Consumption................................................................................................................................. 25

Table II-9. Assumptions Used to Estimate Commercial/Institutional Sector Stationary Source 

Distillate Fuel Consumption ......................................................................................................... 25

Table II-10. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption from Non-Fuel Uses.................................. 26

Table II-11. Criteria Pollutant Emission Factors for ICI Combustion Area Source Categories.. 27

Table II-12. Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Sulfur Content for 2007 ICI Combustion........... 29

Table II-13. Anthracite Coal Ash and Sulfur Content for 2007 ICI Combustion........................ 29

Table II-14. Summary of Data Carried/Forward Grown From Earlier Inventory ....................... 33

Table II-15. Area Source Inventory Data Source Codes ............................................................. 36

Table III-1. Summary of 2007 NCD Tables and State Comments.............................................. 41

Table III-2. Aircraft Source Classification Codes ....................................................................... 42

Table III-3. Summary of State Updates to Aircraft Category Emissions.................................... 44

Table III-4. Category 1 & CMV Growth Factors, by Pollutant................................................... 45

Table III-5. Category 3 CMV Growth Factors, by State and SCC.............................................. 46

Table III-6. Summary of State Updates to Commercial Marine Category Emissions................. 47

Table III-7. Summary of State Updates to Locomotive Category Emissions.............................. 50

Table III-8 Data Source Codes Used for Draft 2007 Nonroad Mobile Emission Estimates....... 51

Table IV-1. Regional Area........................................................................................................... 52

Table IV-2. State Area All Categories......................................................................................... 53

Table IV-3. State Area Combustion............................................................................................. 54

Table IV-4. State Area Solvent.................................................................................................... 55

Table IV-5. State Area Fugitive Dust .......................................................................................... 56

Table IV-6. State All Other Area................................................................................................. 57

Table IV-7. Draft 2007 Nonroad Mobile Sector Inventory for the SESARM Region................. 58

Table IV-8. Draft 2007 NONROAD Model Emission Estimates by State .................................. 58

Table IV-9. Draft 2007 Aircraft Emission Estimates by State ..................................................... 59

Table IV-10. Draft 2007 Commercial Marine Vessel Emission Estimates by State .................... 60

Table IV-11. Draft 2007 Locomotive Emission Estimates by State............................................. 61
PECHAN April 2010

1 Draft Report

I. INTRODUCTION

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. (Pechan) is supporting the Southeastern States Air Resource 

Managers, Inc. (SESARM) in the Southeastern Modeling, Analysis, and Planning (SEMAP) 

project that is funded by the same ten states originally involved in the Visibility Improvement –

State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) project. The SEMAP project addresses 

the next phase of ozone, fine particle, and regional haze assessment obligations of the SESARM 

member states. The SEMAP project is designed to produce technical analyses to aid the 

participating agencies in developing State Implementation Plans (SIPs) required by the Clean Air 

Act.

Pechan has developed a set of draft 2007 area and nonroad source base year inventory emission 

estimates. These estimates have been characterized by source classification code (SCC). The 

base year emissions inventory approach is first based on available state/local (S/L) agency 

emissions data or inputs to EPA’s NONROAD model. These data are next supplemented with 

2007 Pechan emission estimates developed by modifying area and nonroad source emission 

estimates developed in support of EPA’s 2008 National Emissions Inventory (NEI). For the 

Class I line haul locomotive source category, Pechan relied on 2007 emission estimates 

developed by the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC). For the Class 

II/III line haul locomotive source category, Pechan adjusted the 2008 ERTAC emission estimates 

to reflect 2007 locomotive activity. In some cases, the inventory was also supplemented with the 

emission estimates from the 2002 NEI or else grown to 2007 using emission activity growth 

factors from Version 5.0 of the Economic Growth Analysis System (EGAS) (EPA, 2010).

The following sections provide additional details on the inventory development process. The 

major topics that are discussed are:

How Pechan identified source categories and/or pollutants that may be missing from the 

S/L agency supplied data;

How Pechan integrated data from the various emission data sources (i.e., S/L agencies, 

Pechan defaults, ERTAC, and 2002 NEI); and

How Pechan quality assured the integrated emissions inventory.

The balance of this report is organized as follows. Section II describes the development of the 

stationary area source sector inventory. The development of the nonroad mobile source sector 

inventory is described in Section III. Section IV displays the area and nonroad source emission 

summaries for the draft 2007 base year inventory for the SEMAP project. Section V presents the 

references that were consulted in preparing the draft inventory in support of the SEMAP project.
PECHAN April 2010

2 Draft Report

II. STATIONARY AREA SOURCE SECTOR INVENTORY

Pechan developed a draft 2007 base year area source inventory for the SEMAP project from a 

combination of four data sources:

1) State/Local agency supplied area source emissions data;

2) Pechan 2007 area source emission estimates developed using the emission estimation 

methods from the 2008 NEI with adjustments to reflect 2007 emissions activity;

3) Pechan 2007 industrial and commercial/institutional fuel combustion area source 

emission estimates specifically developed for the SESARM states;1and

4) 2002 nonpoint source emission estimates carried forward or grown from EPA’s 2002 

nonpoint source NEI.

Table II-1 summarizes how these data sources were merged to create a comprehensive draft area 

source inventory for jurisdictions covered by the SEMAP project. The following sections 

provide more specifics on the contents of each of these data sources and how they were 

combined into the draft 2007 area source inventory. 

A. AGENCY SUPPLIED INVENTORY DATA

Last Fall, Pechan commenced area source inventory development work by providing S/L 

agencies with a Technical Memorandum documenting the emission estimation methods and data 

Pechan was using to develop the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s 2008 nonpoint 

source NEI (Pechan, 2009a). The purpose of this memorandum was to provide agencies with 

information to review and comment on the methods/data, and to provide information to assist 

agencies in evaluating the merits of the NEI methods/data relative to any S/L area source 

inventory development efforts. State and local agencies were then provided with several months 

to compile and transmit area source emissions data to Pechan.

Two state agencies (North Carolina and Virginia) and two local agencies (Jefferson County, 

Kentucky and Davidson County, Tennessee) provided area source data for use in this project. 

After receiving the S/L agency data, Pechan compared the source classification code (SCC) and 

pollutant coverage of these submittals against the SCCs/pollutants in the 2007 emissions data 

that Pechan was developing for this project (hereafter referred to as the ―Pechan default 

inventory‖).

To assist in obtaining direction from SESARM agencies on how to merge the data from these 

sources, Pechan first identified the SCC/pollutant combinations in the Pechan default inventory

that matched to S/L agency data. Next, Pechan reviewed remaining S/L agency SCC/pollutant 

combinations against Pechan defaults to identify whether it may be possible that these emissions 

were covered in the Pechan default inventory under different SCCs. Pechan then developed a list

 

1 As noted later in this section, the draft inventory emission estimates for these categories represent total emissions 

because point source subtractions have not yet been performed. 
PECHAN April 2010

3 Draft Report

Table II-1. Overview of Area Source Inventory Components by State/Local Agency

Jurisdiction Alabama Florida Georgia

KentuckyJefferson 

County

KentuckyRest of State MississippiNorth 

Carolina

South 

Carolina

TennesseeDavidson 

County

TennesseeRest of State Virginia West Virginia

Agency

Contact Lisa Cole Kelly Stevens Byeong Kim Craig Butler Martin Luther Elliott Bickerstaff Phyllis Jones Carla Bedenbaugh John Finke Amanda Davis Thomas Foster Bob Betterton

Area Data Pechan 

defaults, 

supplemented 

with carryforward 

categories 

from 2002 NEI 

grown using 

EGAS 

Pechan 

defaults, 

supplemented 

with carryforward 

categories 

from 2002 NEI 

(certain SCCs 

treated as 

majority of 

other states; 

combination of 

EGAS and 

carry forward)

Pechan 

defaults, 

supplemented 

with carryforward 

categories 

from 2005 GA 

CERR 

submission 

grown using 

EGAS

Combination 

of Agency 

data and 

Pechan 

defaults 

(supplied local 

data via 

complete set 

of NIF tables). 

Pechan 

defaults, 

supplemented 

with carryforward 

categories 

from 2002 NEI 

grown using 

EGAS

Pechan 

defaults, 

supplemented 

with carryforward 

categories 

from 2002 NEI 

(some 

categories 

grown using 

EGAS, others 

carried 

forward)

Combination 

of Agency 

data and 

Pechan 

defaults (state 

data sent NIF, 

EM table).

Pechan 

defaults, 

supplemented 

with carryforward 

categories 

from 2002 NEI 

grown using 

EGAS

Combination of 

Agency data and 

Pechan defaults 

(supplied local 

data via 

complete set of 

NIF tables).

Pechan 

defaults, 

supplemented 

with carryforward 

categories 

from 2002 NEI 

Combination 

of Agency 

data and 

Pechan 

defaults 

(supplied state 

data via 

complete set 

of NIF tables), 

supplemented 

with carryforward 

categories 

from 2002 NEI

Pechan defaults, 

supplemented 

with carryforward 

categories from 

2002 NEI 

(intends to 

revise Mining & 

Quarrying during 

draft inventory 

comment period)

Special 

Category 

Instructions

Include Land 

Clearing 

Debris 

Burning in 

area inventory

Include Land 

Clearing 

Debris 

Burning in 

area 

inventory.

Do not want to 

include Land 

Clearing 

Debris 

estimates. Do 

not delete 

Agricultural 

Burning 

emission 

estimates.

Want to 

include all 

NEI-based 

burning 

categories

(e.g., Land 

Clearing 

Debris and 

Residential 

Waste)

Include Land 

Clearing 

Debris 

Burning in 

area inventory

Do not include 

Land Clearing 

Debris Burning 

(such burning is 

prohibited)
PECHAN April 2010

4 Draft Report

of potential indirect matches between the two data sets for agency review. This list was 

compiled in an Excel worksheet. Next, Pechan developed a separate worksheet that listed 

SCC/pollutant combinations in the S/L supplied area source inventory that we were unable to 

either directly or indirectly match to combinations in the Pechan default inventory. A list of 

SCC/pollutant combinations in the Pechan default inventory that we were unable to directly or 

indirectly match to combinations in the S/L agency inventory was also prepared in a separate 

worksheet. Finally, Pechan developed a worksheet that contained all S/L agency inventory 

SCC/pollutant combinations with emissions equal to ―0.‖ The above worksheets were saved in a 

single Excel workbook for each Agency. In addition to these workbooks, Pechan transmitted a 

Word document identifying questions on how two merge the two data sets (e.g., where S/L 

agency emissions are reported as zero, should Pechan replace any of these with emissions from 

the Pechan default inventory?). After reviewing S/L agency responses to these questions, 

Pechan transmitted any follow-up questions that were necessary to clarify S/L agency guidance.

For each jurisdiction for which S/L agencies provided data, Table II-2 identifies the SCCs for 

which the draft SESARM inventory relies on 2007 Pechan default emissions data. All other 

jurisdictions utilized the Pechan default inventory in its entirety 

B. DEVELOPMENT OF PECHAN DEFAULT 2007 AREA SOURCE 

INVENTORY

Pechan created a default 2007 area source inventory that includes all of the source categories 

covered by the 2008 nonpoint source NEI. For all source categories except industrial and 

commercial/institutional (ICI) fuel combustion, Pechan either directly incorporated emissions 

data from the 2008 nonpoint source NEI (when the NEI represented use of 2007 emissions 

activity data), or recalculated the NEI emission estimates to reflect 2007 activity levels (when the 

NEI reflected 2006 or 2008 activity levels). For ICI fuel combustion, the 2008 nonpoint source 

NEI only developed emissions activity estimates, not emission estimates. Because of the 

potential importance of these source categories and the availability of potential methodological 

improvements, Pechan utilized an emissions estimation method for ICI fuel combustion that is 

incorporates a few refinements to the NEI method. The following section discusses how 

information from the 2008 nonpoint source NEI was used in this project. The subsequent section

provides details on the ICI fuel combustion emissions estimation methods.

1. Nonpoint Source NEI

Pechan is currently supporting EPA efforts to develop the 2008 nonpoint source NEI. Because 

of data availability issues, the 2008 NEI is comprised of data of various vintages (2006-2008). 

Table II-4 provides documentation of the 2008 nonpoint source NEI as follows:

(1) Source Category – identifies the name of each general source category covered.

(2) Source Classification Code(s) – lists the SCCs that are inventoried.

(3) Source Classification Code Description – provides a description of each SCC.
PECHAN April 2010

5 Draft Report

Table II-2. Incorporation of Pechan Defaults by SCC and Jurisdiction

Source 

Classification Code Source Classification Code Description

Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson 

County, KY

North 

Carolina

Davidson 

County, TN Virginia

2102001000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Anthracite Coal/Total: All Boiler Types Yes Yes

2102002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2102004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers and IC Engines Yes

2102005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Residual Oil/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2102006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Natural Gas/Total: Boilers and IC Engines Yes

2102007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Liquified Petroleum Gas/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2102008000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Wood/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2102011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Kerosene/Total: All Boiler Types Yes Yes

2103001000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Anthracite Coal/Total: All Boiler Types Yes Yes

2103002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2103004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers and IC Engines Yes

2103005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Residual Oil/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2103006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Natural Gas/Total: Boilers and IC Engines Yes

2103007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Liquified Petroleum Gas/Total: All Combustor Types

2103008000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Wood/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2103011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Kerosene/Total: All Combustor Types Yes

2104001000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Anthracite Coal/Total: All Combustor Types Yes Yes

2104002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Combustor Types Yes

2104004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Distillate Oil/Total: All Combustor Types Yes

2104006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Natural Gas/Total: All Combustor Types

2104007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Liquified Petroleum Gas/Total: All Combustor Types

2104008100 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Fireplace: general Yes Yes

2104008210 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; non-EPA certified Yes Yes

2104008220 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; non-catalytic Yes Yes

2104008230 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; catalytic Yes Yes

2104008310 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, non-EPA certified Yes Yes

2104008320 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, non-catalytic Yes Yes

2104008330 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, catalytic Yes Yes

2104008400 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: pellet-fired, general (freestanding or FP insert) Yes Yes

2104008510 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Furnace: Indoor, cordwood-fired, non-EPA certified Yes Yes
PECHAN April 2010

6 Draft Report

Source 

Classification Code Source Classification Code Description

Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson 

County, KY

North 

Carolina

Davidson 

County, TN Virginia

2104008610 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Hydronic heater: outdoor Yes Yes

2104009000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Firelog/Total: All Combustor Types Yes

2104011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Kerosene/Total: All Heater Types Yes Yes

2294000000 Paved Roads/All Paved Roads/Total: Fugitives Yes

2296000000 Unpaved Roads/All Unpaved Roads/Total: Fugitives Yes

2302002100 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling/Conveyorized Charbroiling Yes Yes

2302002200 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Charbroiling/Under-fired Charbroiling Yes Yes

2302003000 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/Deep Fat Fying Yes Yes

2302003100 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/Flat Griddle Frying Yes Yes Yes

2302003200 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking - Frying/Clamshell Griddle Frying Yes Yes Yes

2311010000 Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Residential/Total Yes Yes

2311020000 Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Industrial/Commercial/Institutional/Total Yes Yes

2311030000 Construction: SIC 15 - 17/Road Construction/Total Yes Yes

2401001000 Surface Coating/Architectural Coatings/Total: All Solvent Types

2401005000 Surface Coating/Auto Refinishing/Total: All Solvent Types

2401008000 Surface Coating/Traffic Markings/Total: All Solvent Types

2401015000 Surface Coating/Factory Finished Wood/Total: All Solvent Types

2401020000 Surface Coating/Wood Furniture/Total: All Solvent Types

2401025000 Surface Coating/Metal Furniture/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401030000 Surface Coating/Paper/Total: All Solvent Types

2401040000 Surface Coating/Metal Cans/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401045000 Surface Coating/Metal Coils/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401055000 Surface Coating/Machinery & Equipment/Total: All Solvent Types

2401060000 Surface Coating/Large Appliances/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401065000 Surface Coating/Electronic & Other Electrical/Total: All Solvent Types

2401070000 Surface Coating/Motor Vehicles/Total: All Solvent Types

2401075000 Surface Coating/Aircraft/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401080000 Surface Coating/Marine/Total: All Solvent Types

2401085000 Surface Coating/Railroad/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401090000 Surface Coating/Misc Manufacturing/Total: All Solvent Types

2401100000 Surface Coating/Industrial Maintenance Coatings/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401200000 Surface Coating/Other Special Purpose Coatings/Total: All Solvent Types Yes
PECHAN April 2010

7 Draft Report

Source 

Classification Code Source Classification Code Description

Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson 

County, KY

North 

Carolina

Davidson 

County, TN Virginia

2415000000 Degreasing/All Processes/All Industries/Total: All Solvent Types

2420000000 Dry Cleaning/All Processes/Total: All Solvent Types

2425000000 Graphic Arts/All Processes/Total: All Solvent Types

2460100000 Misc Non-indus: Consumer & Comm/All Personal Care Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460200000 Misc Non-indus: Consumer & Comm/All Household Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460400000 Misc Non-indus: Consumer & Comm/All Auto Aftermarket Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460500000 Misc Non-indus: Consumer & Comm/All Coatings & Related Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460600000 Misc Non-indus: Consumer & Comm/All Adhesives & Sealants/Total: All Solvent Types

2460800000 Misc Non-indus: Consumer & Comm/All FIFRA Related Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460900000 Misc Non-indus: Consumer & Comm/Misc Products (Not Otherwise Covered)/Total: All Solvent Types

2461021000 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Cutback Asphalt/Total: All Solvent Types

2461022000 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Emulsified Asphalt/Total: All Solvent Types

2501011011 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Permeation Yes Yes Yes

2501011012 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Evaporation (includes Diurnal losses) Yes Yes Yes

2501011013 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Spillage During Transport Yes Yes Yes

2501011014 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Refilling at the Pump - Vapor Displacement Yes Yes Yes

2501011015 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Refilling at the Pump - Spillage Yes Yes Yes

2501012011 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Permeation Yes Yes Yes

2501012012 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Evaporation (includes Diurnal losses) Yes Yes Yes

2501012013 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Spillage During Transport Yes Yes Yes

2501012014 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Refilling at the Pump - Vapor Displacement Yes Yes Yes

2501012015 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Refilling at the Pump - Spillage Yes Yes Yes

2501050120 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses/Gasoline

2501055120 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Plants: All Evaporative Losses/Gasoline Yes Yes

2501060051 Gasoline Service Stations/Stage 1: Submerged Filling

2501060052 Gasoline Service Stations/Stage 1: Splash Filling

2501060053 Gasoline Service Stations/Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling

2501060100 Gasoline Service Stations/Stage 2: Total

2501060201 Gasoline Service Stations/Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying Yes

2501080050 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Airports : Aviation Gasoline/Stage 1: Total Yes Yes

2501080100 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Airports : Aviation Gasoline/Stage 2: Total Yes

2505030120 Petrol & Petrol Product Transport/Truck/Gasoline Yes
PECHAN April 2010

8 Draft Report

Source 

Classification Code Source Classification Code Description

Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson 

County, KY

North 

Carolina

Davidson 

County, TN Virginia

2505040120 Petrol & Petrol Product Transport/Pipeline/Gasoline Yes Yes

2610000100 Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste - Leaf Species Unspecified Yes Yes

2610000400 Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste - Brush Species Unspecified Yes Yes

2610000500 Open Burning/All Categories/Land Clearing Debris1 Yes Yes

2610030000 Open Burning/Residential/Household Waste Yes Yes

2630020000 Wastewater Treatment/Public Owned/Total Processed

2801700001 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Anhydrous Ammonia Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700002 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Aqueous Ammonia Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700003 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Nitrogen Solutions Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700004 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Urea Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700005 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Ammonium Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700006 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Ammonium Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700007 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Ammonium Thiosulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700010 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/N-P-K (multi-grade nutrient fertilizers) Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700011 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700012 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Potassium Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700013 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Diammonium Phosphate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700014 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Monoammonium Phosphate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700015 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700099 Agric - Crops/Fertilizer Application/Miscellaneous Fertilizers Yes Yes Yes Yes

2805001100 Agric - Livestock/Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots (drylots)/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805001200 Agric - Livestock/Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots (drylots)/Manure handling & storage Yes Yes Yes

2805001300 Agric - Livestock/Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots (drylots)/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805002000 Agric - Livestock/Beef cattle production composite/Not Elsewhere Classified Yes Yes Yes

2805003100 Agric - Livestock/Beef cattle - finishing operations on pasture/range/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805007100 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - layers with dry manure management systems/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805007300 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - layers w/ dry manure mgmnt systems/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805008100 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - layers w/ wet manure mgmnt. systems/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805008200 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - layers w/ wet manure mgmnt. systems/Manure handling & storage Yes Yes Yes

2805008300 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - layers w/ wet manure mgmnt. systems/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805009100 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - broilers/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805009200 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - broilers/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes
PECHAN April 2010

9 Draft Report

Source 

Classification Code Source Classification Code Description

Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson 

County, KY

North 

Carolina

Davidson 

County, TN Virginia

2805009300 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - broilers/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805010100 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - turkeys/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805010200 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - turkeys/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805010300 Agric - Livestock/Poultry production - turkeys/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805018000 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle composite/Not Elsewhere Classified Yes Yes Yes

2805019100 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - flush dairy/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805019200 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - flush dairy/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805019300 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - flush dairy/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805021100 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - scrape dairy/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805021200 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - scrape dairy/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805021300 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - scrape dairy/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805022100 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - deep pit dairy/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805022200 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - deep pit dairy/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805022300 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - deep pit dairy/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805023100 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - drylot/pasture dairy/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805023200 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - drylot/pasture dairy/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805023300 Agric - Livestock/Dairy cattle - drylot/pasture dairy/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805025000 Agric - Livestock/Swine production composite/Not Elsewhere Classified (see also 28-05-039, -047, -053) Yes Yes Yes

2805030000 Agric - Livestock/Poultry Waste Emissions/Not Elsewhere Classified (see also 28-05-007, -008, -009) Yes Yes Yes

2805030007 Agric - Livestock/Poultry Waste Emissions/Ducks Yes Yes Yes

2805030008 Agric - Livestock/Poultry Waste Emissions/Geese Yes Yes Yes

2805035000 Agric - Livestock/Horses & Ponies Waste Emissions/Not Elsewhere Classified Yes Yes Yes

2805039100 Agric - Livestock/Swine production - operations w/ lagoons (unspec.animal age)/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805039200 Agric - Livestock/Swine production - operations w/ lagoons (unspec.animal age)/Manure handling & storage Yes Yes Yes

2805039300 Agric - Livestock/Swine production - operations w/ lagoons (unspec.animal age)/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805040000 Agric - Livestock/Sheep & Lambs Waste Emissions/Total Yes Yes Yes

2805045000 Agric - Livestock/Goats Waste Emissions/Not Elsewhere Classified Yes Yes Yes

2805047100 Agric - Livestock/Swine production - deep-pit house operations (unspecified animal age)/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805047300 Agric - Livestock/Swine production - deep-pit house operations (unspec.animal age)/Land applic. of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805053100 Agric - Livestock/Swine production - outdoor operations (unspecified animal age)/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

1 Open Burning/Land Clearing Debris was originally a MACTEC category, but estimates have been prepared for some jurisdictions upon request.
PECHAN April 2010

10 Draft Report

(4) Link to Emission Calculation Documentation – provides links to the detailed 

documentation of the NEI methods;

2

(5) Link to Emission Calculation Workbook – provides a link to the draft 2008 NEI 

emissions or activity data;

(6) Year of Activity Data – identifies the year represented by the emissions activity data; and

(7) Point Source Component – signifies whether a portion of the source category’s emissions 

may be included within the point source inventory.

Where the 2008 nonpoint source NEI reflects 2007 activity data, Pechan incorporated the 2008 

NEI emission estimates into the Pechan default inventory for this project. When a source 

category’s NEI data reflect 2006 or 2008 emissions activity data, Pechan updated the NEI 

estimates to reflect 2007 emission activity levels. Table II-5 documents the specific revisions 

that were implemented.

For many area source categories, emissions activity data are not available at the county-level. In 

these cases, county-level emissions are estimated using two sets of activity data: one set 

reflecting state or regional-level emissions activity (e.g., volume of natural gas consumed by the 

residential sector in each state), and the other set representing data that are used to allocate 

emissions activity to the county-level (e.g., number of houses using natural gas as the primary 

heating fuel in each county). Specifically, the ―Backcasting or Forecasting Methodology‖ 

column in Table II-5 presents the approach used to update emissions activity data to represent 

2007, and the ―County Allocation Method‖ column identifies the approach used to update the 

county allocation data. As noted in Table II-5, all county allocation data were not updated to 

2007. This approach was taken because of the level-of-effort that would be involved in updating 

some of the allocation data, and the fact that these data are often not expected to differ 

significantly from year-to-year.

2. Estimation of Area Source Emissions from Industrial and Commercial/Institutional 

Fuel Combustion

Currently, the 2008 NEI data for the ICI fuel combustion categories represent total emission

activity estimates, rather than area source emission estimates. Because emission estimates are 

not available and because of the relative importance of this category, Pechan recommended that 

2007 ICI combustion area source emission estimates be developed as part of this project. This 

section documents the emission inventory development methodology that Pechan used in 

preparing 2007 year ICI fuel combustion area source emission estimates for the SESARM states. 

The following are elements of the methodology that provide improvements over the 2008 NEI 

methodology:

 

2 Left clicking on the hyperlink while simultaneously pressing the control key allows one to open or save the 

documentation/data of interest. The complete list of material can be accessed at: 

http://projects.pechan.com/EPA/Non-Point_Emission_Estimates/.
PECHAN April 2010

11 Draft Report

Table II-4. 2008 NEI Area Source Categories for Which EPA Has Developed Emission Estimates

Source Category Source Classification 

Code(s)

Source Classification Code 

Description

Link to Emission Calculation 

Documentation Link to Emission Calculation Workbook

Year of 

Activity 

Data

Point Source 

Component

Agriculture Production –

Livestock 28050nnnnn Livestock Agriculture_Production_Livestock_28050nnnnn_Documentation.zip

Agriculture_Production_Livestock_28050n

nnnn_Emissions.zip 2007 Yes

Asphalt Paving

2461021000 Cutback Asphalt Asphalt_Paving_Cutback_2461021000_Docu

mentation.zip

Asphalt_Paving_Cutback_2461021000_E

missions.zip 2008 No

2461022000 Emulsified Asphalt Asphalt_Paving_Emulsified_2461022000_Do

cumentation.zip

Asphalt_Paving_Emulsified_2461022000_

Emissions.zip 2008 No

Aviation Gasoline Distribution: 

Stage I 2501080050 Aviation Gasoline:Stage I

Aviation_Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_2501

080050_Documentation.zip

Aviation_Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_2

501080050_Emissions.zip 2008 No

Aviation Gasoline Distribution: 

Stage II 2501080100 Aviation Gasoline:Stage II

Aviation_Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_II_250

1080100_Documentation.zip

Aviation_Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_II_2

501080100_Emissions.zip 2008 No

Commercial Cooking 2302002nnn

2302003nnn Commercial Cooking Commercial_Cooking_2302002nnn_Documentation.zip

Commercial_Cooking_2302002nnn_Emissi

ons.zip 2008 No

Construction Dust

2311010000 Residential Construction Residential_Construction_2311010000_Docu

mentation.zip

Residential_Construction_2311010000_E

missions.zip 2008 Yes

2311020000 Non-Residential Construction

NonResidential_Construction_2311020000_Docu

mentation.zip

NonResidential_Construction_2311020000_E

missions.zip

2008 Yes

2311030000 Road Construction Road_Construction_2311030000_Documenta

tion.zip

Road_Construction_2311030000_Emissio

ns.zip 2006 No

Fertilizer Application 28017000nn Fertilizer Application Fertilizer_Application_28017000nn_Document

ation.zip

Fertilizer_Application_28017000nn_Emissi

ons.zip 2007 No

Gasoline Distribution

25010110nn

25010120nn Portable Fuel Containers Portable_Fuel_Containers_25010110nn_25010120nn_Documentation.zip

Portable_Fuel_Containers_25010110nn_2

5010120nn_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2501050120 Gasoline Distribution Stage I; 

Bulk Terminals

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Bulk_Termi

nals_2501050120_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

2501055120 Gasoline Distribution Stage I; 

Bulk Plants

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Bulk_Plant

s_2501055120_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

250106005n

Gasoline Distribution Stage I; 

Gasoline Service Station 

Unloading

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Service_St

ation_Unloading_250106005n_Emissions.

zip

2008 Yes

2501060100 Gasoline Distribution Stage II; 

Gasoline Service Stations

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_II_Documentatio

n.zip

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_II_Gasoline_

Service_Stations_2501060100_Emissions.

zip

2008 Yes

2501060201

Gasoline Distribution Stage I; 

Underground storage tank, 

breathing and emptying

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_UST_Breat

hing_and_Emptying_2501060201_CAP_E

missions.zip

2008 Yes
PECHAN April 2010

12 Draft Report

Source Category Source Classification 

Code(s)

Source Classification Code 

Description

Link to Emission Calculation 

Documentation Link to Emission Calculation Workbook

Year of 

Activity 

Data

Point Source 

Component

2505030120 Gasoline Distribution Stage I; 

Tank Trucks in Transit

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Tank_Truc

ks_in_Transit_2505030120_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

2505040120 Gasoline Distribution Stage I; 

Pipelines

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip

Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Pipelines_

2505040120_CAP_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

Open Burning

2610000100 Open Burning - Yard Waste -

Leaves

Open_Burning_Yard_Waste_Leaf_26100001

00_and_Brush_2610000400_Documentation.

zip

Open_Burning_Yard_Waste_Leaf_261000

100_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2610000400 Open Burning - Yard Waste -

Brush

Open_Burning_Yard_Waste_Leaf_26100001

00_and_Brush_2610000400_Documentation.

zip

Open_Burning_Yard_Waste_Brush_26100

0400_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2610000500 Open Burning - Land Clearing 

Debris

Open_Burning_Land_Clearing_Debris_26100

00500_Documentation.zip

Open_Burning_Land_Clearing_Debris_261

0000500_Emissions.zip

Multiple 

Years No

2610030000 Open Burning - Household 

Waste

Open_Burning_MSW_2610030000_Documen

tation.zip

Open_Burning_MSW_2610030000_Emissi

ons.zip 2008 No

Paved and Unpaved Roads

2294000000 Paved Road Dust Paved_Roads_2294000000_Documentation.z

ip Paved_Roads_2294000000_Emissions.zip 2007 No

2296000000 Unpaved Road Dust Unpaved_Roads_2296000000_Documentatio

n.zip

Unpaved_Roads_2296000000_Emissions.

zip 2007 No

Publicly Owned Treatment 

Works (POTW) 2630020000 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)

Publicly_Owned_Treatment_Works_2630020

000_Documentation.zip

Publicly_Owned_Treatment_Works_63002

0000_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

Residential Heating

2104001000 Residential Anthracite Coal Residential_Coal_2104001000_2104002000_

Documentation.zip

Residential_Coal_2104001000_21040020

00_Emissions.zip 2006 No

2104002000 Residential Bituminous Coal Residential_Coal_2104001000_2104002000_

Documentation.zip

Residential_Coal_2104001000_21040020

00_Emissions.zip 2006 No

2104004000 Residential Distillate Oil Residential_Distillate_Fuel_2104004000_Doc

umentation.zip

Residential_Distillate_Fuel_2104004000_E

missions.zip 2006 No

2104006000 Residential Natural Gas Residential_Natural_Gas_2104006000_Docu

mentation.zip

Residential_Natural_Gas_2104006000_E

missions.zip 2006 No

2104007000 Residential LPG Residential_LPG_2104007000_Documentatio

n.zip

Residential_LPG_2104007000_Emissions.

zip 2006 No

2104008nnn

2104009000

Residential Wood Combustion 

and Wax Firelogs

Residential_Wood_Combustion_Documentati

on.zip RWC_2008_Toolv4.1_Feb09_2010.zip

Inputs 

represent 

various 

years

No

2104011000 Residential Kerosene Residential_Kerosene_2104011000_Docume

ntation.zip

Residential_Kerosene_2104011000_Emiss

ions.zip 2006 No

Solvent Usage - Surface 

Coatings 2401001000 Architectural Coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Architectural_Coating_2401001000_Emissions.zip 2008 No
PECHAN April 2010

13 Draft Report

Source Category Source Classification 

Code(s)

Source Classification Code 

Description

Link to Emission Calculation 

Documentation Link to Emission Calculation Workbook

Year of 

Activity 

Data

Point Source 

Component

2401005000 Automobile Refinishing Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Automobile_Refinishing_

2401005000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401008000 Traffic Paints Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Traffic_Painting_240100

8000_Emissions.zip 2007 No

2401015000 Factory Finished Wood Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Factory_Finished_Wood

_2401015000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401020000 Wood Furniture and Fixtures Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Wood_Furniture_and_Fi

xtures_401020000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401025000 Metal Furniture Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Metal_Furniture_240102

5000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401030000 Paper, Film and Foil Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Paper_Film_and_Foil_24

01030000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401040000 Metal Cans Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Metal_Can_Coating_240

1040000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401045000 Metal Sheet, Strip and Coils Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Metal_Sheet_Strip_Coil_

2401045000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401055000 Machinery and Equipment Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Machinery_and_Equipm

ent_2401055000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401060000 Appliances Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Appliances_2401060000

_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401065000 Electronic and Other Electrical 

Coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip

Surface_Coating_Electronic_and_Other_El

ectrical_Coatings_2401065000_Emissions.

zip

2006 Yes

2401070000 Motor Vehicles Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Motor_Vehicles_240107

0000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401075000 Aircraft Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Aircraft_2401075000_E

missions.zip 2006 Yes

2401080000 Marine coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Marine_Coatings_24010

80000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401085000 Railroads Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Railroad_2401085000_E

missions.zip 2006 No

2401090000 Misc. Manufacturing Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Misc_Manufacturing_240

1090000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401100000 Industrial Maintenance Coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Industrial_Maintenance_

Coating_2401100000_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2401200000 Other Special Purpose Coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Other_Special_Purpose_

Coating_2401200000_Emissions.zip 2008 No
PECHAN April 2010

14 Draft Report

Source Category Source Classification 

Code(s)

Source Classification Code 

Description

Link to Emission Calculation 

Documentation Link to Emission Calculation Workbook

Year of 

Activity 

Data

Point Source 

Component

Solvent Usage - Other

2415000000 Cleaning Products: Industrial and 

Institutional Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Cleaning_Products_Industrial_and_Institutional_2415000000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2420000000 Dry Cleaning Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Dry_Cleaning_2420000000_Emissions.zip 2006 No

2425000000 Graphic Arts Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Graphic_Arts_2425000000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2460100000

Consumer & Commercial -

Personal Care Products 

(Cosmetics and Toiletries)

Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip

Consumer_SolventsPersonal_Care_Products_(Cosmetics_and

_Toiletries)_2460100000_Emissions.zip

2008 No

2460200000 Consumer & Commercial -

Household Cleaning Products Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip

Consumer_SolventsHousehold_Cleaning_Products_24602000

00_Emissions.zip

2008 No

2460400000 Consumer & Commercial -

Automotive Aftermarket Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_SolventsAutomotive_Aftermarket_2460400000_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2460500000 Consumer & Commercial -

Coatings and Related Products Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_SolventsCoatings_and_Related_Products_2460500000_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2460600000 Consumer & Commercial -

Adhesives and Sealants Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip

Consumer_SolventsAdhesives_and_Sealants_2460600000_E

missions.zip

2008 No

2460800000 Consumer & Commercial -

FIFRA Regulated Products Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_Solvents_FIFRA_Regulated_Products_2460800000_Emissions 2008 No

2460900000 Consumer & Commercial - Misc. 

Products Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip

Consumer_SolventsMisc_Products_2460900000_Emissions.zi

p

2008 No
PECHAN April 2010

15 Draft Report

Table II-5. Methods for Updating 2008 NEI Estimates that Are Not Based on 2007 Emissions Activity

Source Category

Source 

Classification 

Code(s)

Source Classification 

Code Description

Year of 

Activity 

Data

Backcasting or Forecasting 

Methodology

Is Update 

Actual 

Activity 

Data?

Geographic 

Resolution of 

Backcast/ 

Forecast Data County Allocation Method

Point Source 

Component

Asphalt Paving

2461021000 Cutback Asphalt 2008 Recalculated using 2007 asphalt 

usage

Yes State Allocated using 2007 county VMT No

2461022000 Emulsified Asphalt 2008 Recalculated using 2007 asphalt 

usage

Yes State Allocated using 2007 county VMT No

Aviation Gasoline 

Distribution: Stage I 2501080050 Aviation Gasoline: Stage I 2008 Recalculated using 2007 AvGas consumption Yes National

Allocated to district-level according to 

AvGas consumption reported for each 

Petroleum Administration Distirct and 

then to county-level using 2008 LTO 

data for general aviation flights

No

Aviation Gasoline 

Distribution: Stage II 2501080100 Aviation Gasoline: Stage II 2008 Recalculated using 2007 AvGas consumption Yes National

Allocated to district-level according to 

AvGas consumption reported for each 

Petroleum Administration Distirct and 

then to county-level using 2008 LTO 

data for general aviation flights

No

Commercial Cooking 2302002nnn

2302003nnn Commercial Cooking 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimates Yes County No

Construction Dust

2311010000 Residential Construction 2008

Recalculated surface soil 

estimate using new privately 

owned housing units started in 

2007 (all other activity data 

reflects 2007)

Yes Regional Allocated to county using 2007 annual 

housing units Yes

2311020000 Non-Residential 

Construction 2008 Recalculated using 2007 value of construction put in place Yes National

Did not revise the county allocation

(based on 2006 non-residential 

construction employment)

Yes

2311030000 Road Construction 2006 Recalculated using 2007 FHWA 

capital outlays Yes State NEI county allocation data (number of building starts) are 2007 No

Gasoline Distribution

25010110nn

25010120nn Portable Fuel Containers 2008

Estimated 2007 using a linear fit 

between 2002 and 2010 

emissions

N/A County This is the same procedure used to 

estimate 2008 estimates for NEI No

2501050120 Gasoline Distribution Stage 

I; Bulk Terminals 2008

Recalculated using 2007 national 

volume of wholesale gasoline 

supplied

Yes National

Allocated to state-level using 2007 

refinery, bulk terminal, and natural gas 

plant stocks of motor gasoline and 

then to county-level using 2007 County 

Business Patterns for NAICS code 

42471

Yes

2501055120 Gasoline Distribution Stage 

I; Bulk Plants 2008

Recalculated using EIA's 

estimate of 2007 finished motor 

gasoline supplied

No National

Allocated to county-level using 2007 

County Business Patterns for NAICS 

code 42471

Yes
PECHAN April 2010

16 Draft Report

Source Category

Source 

Classification 

Code(s)

Source Classification 

Code Description

Year of 

Activity 

Data

Backcasting or Forecasting 

Methodology

Is Update 

Actual 

Activity 

Data?

Geographic 

Resolution of 

Backcast/ 

Forecast Data County Allocation Method

Point Source 

Component

250106005n

Gasoline Distribution Stage 

I; Gasoline Service Station 

Unloading

2008

Applied county-level CO2 

emissions ratio: CO2 emissions 

from 2007 NMIM run : CO2 

emissions from 2008 NMIM run

No County Yes

2501060100

Gasoline Distribution Stage 

II; Gasoline Service 

Stations

2008

Applied county-level CO2 

emissions ratio: CO2 emissions 

from 2007 NMIM run : CO2 

emissions from 2008 NMIM run

No County Yes

2501060201

Gasoline Distribution Stage 

I; Underground storage 

tank, breathing and 

emptying

2008

Applied county-level CO2 

emissions ratio: CO2 emissions 

from 2007 NMIM run : CO2 

emissions from 2008 NMIM run

No County Yes

2505030120 Gasoline Distribution Stage 

I; Tank Trucks in Transit 2008

Applied county-level CO2 

emissions ratio: CO2 emissions 

from 2007 NMIM run : CO2 

emissions from 2008 NMIM run

No County Yes

2505040120 Gasoline Distribution Stage 

1; Pipelines 2008

Recalculated using 2007 national 

volume of wholesale gasoline 

supplied

Yes National

Allocated to PAD-level using 2007 

finished motor gasoline moved by 

pipeline in each PAD in 2007 and then 

to county-level using 2007 County 

Business Patterns for NAICS code 

42471

Yes

Open Burning

2610000100 Open Burning - Yard Waste 

- Leaves 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimate Yes County No

2610000400 Open Burning - Yard Waste 

- Brush 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimate Yes County No

2610000500 Open Burning - Land 

Clearing Debris

multiple 

years

Recalculated number of acres 

disturbed to reflect 2007 

residential, non-residential and 

road construction activity 

estimates as described above

Yes County See methodologies in the Construction

Dust categories above No

2610030000 Open Burning - Household 

Waste 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimate Yes County No

Publicly Owned 

Treatment Works 

(POTW)

2630020000 Publicly Owned Treatment 

Works (POTW) 2008

Estimated 2007 using a linear fit 

between 2004 and 2010 POTW 

flow rates. Allocate to countylevel using 2007 population.

Yes National

This is the same procedure used to 

estimate 2008 estimates for NEI. 

Allocated to county-level using 2007 

population estimate.

Yes
PECHAN April 2010

17 Draft Report

Source Category

Source 

Classification 

Code(s)

Source Classification 

Code Description

Year of 

Activity 

Data

Backcasting or Forecasting 

Methodology

Is Update 

Actual 

Activity 

Data?

Geographic 

Resolution of 

Backcast/ 

Forecast Data County Allocation Method

Point Source 

Component

Residential Heating

2104001000 Residential Anthracite Coal 2006

Recalculated using 2007 coal 

consumption data and 2007 ratio 

of anthracite to bituminous coal 

consumption

Yes State County allocation based on 2000 

Census data No

2104002000 Residential Bituminous 

Coal 2006

Recalculated using 2007 coal 

consumption data and 2007 ratio 

of anthracite to bituminous coal 

consumption

Yes State County allocation based on 2000 

Census data No

2104004000 Residential Distillate Oil 2006 Recalculated using 2007 distillate 

oil consumption Yes State County allocation based on 2000 Census data No

2104006000 Residential Natural Gas 2006 Recalculated using 2007 natural 

gas consumption Yes State County allocation based on 2000 Census data No

2104007000 Residential LPG 2006 Recalculated using 2007 LPG 

consumption Yes State County allocation based on 2000 Census data No

2104008nnn

2104009000

Residential Wood 

Combustion and Wax 

Firelogs

Inputs 

represent 

various 

years

Applied 2007/2008 county-level 

ratio of occupied housing units Yes County No

2104011000 Residential Kerosene 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

kerosene consumption Yes State County allocation based on 2000 Census data No

Solvent Usage -

Surface Coatings

2401001000 Architectural Coatings 2008 Recalculated using 2007 

population estimate Yes County No

2401005000 Automobile Refinishing 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401015000 Factory Finished Wood 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401020000 Wood Furniture and 

Fixtures 2006 Recalculated using 2007 employment data Yes County Yes

2401025000 Metal Furniture 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401030000 Paper, Film and Foil 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401040000 Metal Cans 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401045000 Metal Sheet, Strip and Coils 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401055000 Machinery and Equipment 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401060000 Appliances 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes
PECHAN April 2010

18 Draft Report

Source Category

Source 

Classification 

Code(s)

Source Classification 

Code Description

Year of 

Activity 

Data

Backcasting or Forecasting 

Methodology

Is Update 

Actual 

Activity 

Data?

Geographic 

Resolution of 

Backcast/ 

Forecast Data County Allocation Method

Point Source 

Component

2401065000 Electronic and Other 

Electrical Coatings 2006 Recalculated using 2007 employment data Yes County Yes

2401070000 Motor Vehicles 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401075000 Aircraft 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401080000 Marine coatings 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401085000 Railroads 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County No

2401090000 Misc. Manufacturing 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2401100000 Industrial Maintenance 

Coatings 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimate Yes County No

2401200000 Other Special Purpose 

Coatings 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimate Yes County No

Solvent Usage - Other

2415000000 Cleaning Products: 

Industrial and Institutional 2006 Recalculated using 2007 employment data Yes County Yes

2420000000 Dry Cleaning 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County No

2425000000 Graphic Arts 2006 Recalculated using 2007 

employment data Yes County Yes

2460100000

Consumer & Commercial -

Personal Care Products 

(Cosmetics and Toiletries)

2008 Recalculated using 2007 

population estimate Yes County No

2460200000

Consumer & Commercial -

Household Cleaning 

Products

2008 Recalculated using 2007 

population estimate Yes County No

2460400000 Consumer & Commercial -

Automotive Aftermarket 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimate Yes County No

2460500000

Consumer & Commercial -

Coatings and Related

Products

2008 Recalculated using 2007 

population estimate Yes County No

2460600000 Consumer & Commercial -

Adhesives and Sealants 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimate Yes County No

2460800000 Consumer & Commercial -

FIFRA Regulated Products 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimate Yes County No

2460900000 Consumer & Commercial -

Misc. Products 2008 Recalculated using 2007 population estimate Yes County No
PECHAN April 2010

19 Draft Report

Obtained Industrial and Commercial/Institutional energy consumption by fuel type and 

SESARM state for the year 2007 from the Energy Information Administration (EIA)’s 

State Energy Data System (SEDS) – the 2008 NEI uses 2006 year data;

Obtained geographic- and year-specific estimates of non-fuel use consumption of 

industrial energy from the 2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) –

the 2008 NEI uses data from the 2002 MECS survey;

Applied a county allocation procedure that reflects the energy-intensity of each industrial 

sector – the 2008 NEI methods only reflect the number of employees in each sector; and

Updated SO2 emission factors to reflect coal sulfur content estimates for coal used in the 

industrial sector in 2007 – a recent review of industrial coal sulfur content values 

concluded that the NEI values are based on unrepresentative data (Pechan, 2009b).

Table II-6 identifies the SCCs for which Pechan prepared ICI fuel combustion area source 

emission estimates. The key data inputs in the emissions estimation methodology are:

1. Total Industrial and total Commercial/Institutional energy consumption by fuel type and 

SESARM state for the year 2007;

2. Estimates of the percentage of total ICI distillate fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 

consumption from stationary sources;

3. Industrial energy consumption used for non-fuel purposes by fuel type and state in 2006;

4. ICI energy consumption by fuel type for point sources by SESARM state in year 2007;

5. Emission factors relating emission rates to volume of energy consumed by fuel type for 

the ICI sectors;

6. Sulfur content of coal consumed in the ICI sectors by state in year 2007;

7. County-level Industrial sector energy consumption estimates by state for year 2007; and

8. County-level Commercial/Institutional sector employment by state for the year 2006.

3

 

3 To conserve project resources, Pechan will rely on 2006 employment data compiled in support of the 2008 NEI 

rather than develop 2007 employment data (note that year-to-year county employment proportions are expected to 

remain relatively constant).
PECHAN April 2010

20 Draft Report

Table II-6. ICI Fuel Combustion Area Source Classification Codes

SCC DESCRIPTION

2102001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Anthracite Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

2102002000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

2102004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Distillate Oil; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102005000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

2102006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102007000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Liquid Petroleum Gas; Total: All Boiler Types

2102008000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

2102011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Kerosene; Total: All Boiler Types

2103001000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Anthracite Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

2103002000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

2103004000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Distillate Oil; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103005000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

2103006000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Liquid Petroleum Gas; Total: All Combustor Types

2103008000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

2103011000Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Kerosene; Total: All Combustor Types

The following sections describe the methodology/data source(s) for developing each of these 

data inputs, and the source(s) of information for each of these data elements. In selecting the 

information sources for each of these data elements, Pechan evaluated the completeness, 

representativeness, comparability, and accuracy criteria identified in the Quality Assurance 

Project Plan (QAPP) for this project. For example, information sources that provide data 

specific to the source category/geography/inventory period were selected over those that were

less specific. 

a. Total ICI Energy Consumption

For total Industrial and total Commercial/Institutional energy consumption by fuel type/state, 

Pechan primarily used the same source that EPA uses in developing ICI combustion emission 

estimates for the NEI –EIA’s SEDS (EIA, 2009a). The SEDS provides total energy consumption 

estimates by sector, state, fuel type, and year. To facilitate use with the criteria pollutant 

emission factors, Pechan compiled the SEDS energy consumption data in both sets of units 

provided by the EIA: physical units and British thermal units (Btus). For estimates of industrial 

distillate consumption, Pechan relied on estimates reported in EIA’s ―Fuel Oil and Kerosene 

Sales‖ (EIA, 2009b). This source is preferred over the SEDS data because it provides additional 

sectoral detail that is needed to perform the stationary source energy consumption adjustments 

described below. 
PECHAN April 2010

21 Draft Report

b. Stationary Source Energy Consumption

To avoid double-counting with energy consumption accounted for in mobile source inventories, 

it was necessary to adjust 2007 year SEDS distillate and LPG consumption estimates for mobile 

source fuel consumption. For LPG, the adjustments account for energy consumption reflected in 

the nonroad mobile sector. The adjustments were performed by subtracting estimated 

proportions of total Industrial sector and Commercial sector consumption computed from a 

national NONROAD model run. Pechan compiled national LPG consumption estimates for 

relevant SCCs from a 2006 run of EPA’s NONROAD model (a 2006 run was performed in 

support of the NEI—it is not anticipated that the percentages differ considerably between 2006 

and 2007). Table II-7 identifies a complete list of nonroad SCCs associated with Industrial and 

Commercial sector LPG. The shaded entries in this table indicate where NONROAD reports 

LPG consumption. This procedure estimates that nonroad mobile sources account for 9 percent 

of Industrial sector, and 18 percent of Commercial sector LPG consumption. The SEDS LPG 

consumption estimates for each state/sector were adjusted downward using these percentages.

For distillate oil, it was necessary to remove energy consumption reflected in onroad/nonroad 

mobile source emission inventories. To facilitate this step, Pechan used more detailed distillate 

fuel consumption estimates reported in EIA’s ―Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales,‖ and stationary 

source fuel consumption percentage assumptions used in the regulatory impact analysis for 

EPA’s nonroad diesel emissions rulemaking (EPA, 2003a). Table II-8 displays the assumptions 

that were applied to the state-level Industrial sector distillate fuel consumption estimates reported 

in ―Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales‖ to estimate Industrial sector stationary source consumption. 

Table II-9 identifies the assumptions that were applied to estimate total stationary source 

Commercial/Institutional sector consumption.

c. Non-Fuel Energy Consumption

Some Industrial sector energy is consumed for non-fuel purposes. For example, natural gas is 

used as a feedstock in chemical manufacturing plants and to make nitrogenous fertilizer, and 

LPG is used to create intermediate products that are made into plastics. To estimate the volume 

of fuel that is associated with ICI combustion, it is necessary to subtract the volume of fuel 

consumption for non-energy uses from the volume of total fuel consumption. The EPA’s State 

Inventory Tool (SIT) provides national defaults representing the percentage of total Industrial 

fuel consumption from non-energy uses. These default values have an additional limitation 

beyond their lack of geographic detail - they represent the EIA’s definition of the Industrial 

sector, which includes fuel use that is accounted for in other inventory source categories (e.g., 

Farm, Mining, Construction, and Commercial sectors fuel use that is accounted for in the 

nonroad inventory). Because of these limitations, Pechan used regional non-fuel use percentages 

computed from energy consumption data from the EIA’s 2006 Manufacturing Energy 

Consumption Survey (MECS) for all fuel types (EIA, 2009c). 
PECHAN April 2010

22 Draft Report

Table II-7. LPG Nonroad Mobile Source Classification Codes

SCC Description_2 Description_3 Description_4

Industrial Sector

2267002000 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment All

2267002003 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Pavers

2267002006 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Tampers/Rammers

2267002009 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Plate Compactors

2267002015 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Rollers

2267002018 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Scrapers

2267002021 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Paving Equipment

2267002024 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Surfacing Equipment

2267002027 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Signal Boards/Light Plants

2267002030 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Trenchers

2267002033 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Bore/Drill Rigs

2267002036 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Excavators

2267002039 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Concrete/Industrial Saws

2267002042 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Cement and Mortar Mixers

2267002045 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Cranes

2267002048 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Graders

2267002051 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Off-highway Trucks

2267002054 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Crushing/Processing Equipment

2267002057 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts

2267002060 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Rubber Tire Loaders

2267002063 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Rubber Tire Tractors/Dozers

2267002066 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes

2267002069 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Crawler Tractor/Dozers

2267002072 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Skid Steer Loaders

2267002075 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Off-Highway Tractors

2267002078 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Dumpers/Tenders

2267002081 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Other Construction Equipment

2267003000 LPG Industrial Equipment All

2267003010 LPG Industrial Equipment Aerial Lifts

2267003020 LPG Industrial Equipment Forklifts

2267003030 LPG Industrial Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers

2267003040 LPG Industrial Equipment Other General Industrial Equipment
PECHAN April 2010

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SCC Description_2 Description_3 Description_4

2267003050 LPG Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling Equipment

2267003060 LPG Industrial Equipment AC\Refrigeration

2267003070 LPG Industrial Equipment Terminal Tractors

2267005000 LPG Agricultural Equipment All

2267005010 LPG Agricultural Equipment 2-Wheel Tractors

2267005015 LPG Agricultural Equipment Agricultural Tractors

2267005020 LPG Agricultural Equipment Combines

2267005025 LPG Agricultural Equipment Balers

2267005030 LPG Agricultural Equipment Agricultural Mowers

2267005035 LPG Agricultural Equipment Sprayers

2267005040 LPG Agricultural Equipment Tillers >6 HP

2267005045 LPG Agricultural Equipment Swathers

2267005050 LPG Agricultural Equipment Hydro-power Units

2267005055 LPG Agricultural Equipment Other Agricultural Equipment

2267005060 LPG Agricultural Equipment Irrigation Sets

2267007000 LPG Logging Equipment All

2267007005 LPG Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP

2267007010 LPG Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 HP

2267007015 LPG Logging Equipment Forest Eqp – Feller/Bunch/Skidder

2267009000 LPG Underground Mining Equipment All

2267009010 LPG Underground Mining Equipment Other Underground Mining Equipment

2267010000 LPG Industrial Equipment All

2267010010 LPG Industrial Equipment Other Oil Field Equipment

Commercial Sector

2267004011 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Lawn Mowers (Commercial)

2267004016 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)

2267004021 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial)

2267004026 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters (Commercial)

2267004031 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)

2267004036 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Snowblowers (Commercial)

2267004041 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial)

2267004046 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Front Mowers (Commercial)

2267004051 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial)

2267004056 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)

2267004061 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Wood Splitters (Commercial)

2267004066 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)
PECHAN April 2010

24 Draft Report

SCC Description_2 Description_3 Description_4

2267004071 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Turf Equipment (Commercial)

2267004076 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial)

2267006000 LPG Commercial Equipment All

2267006005 LPG Commercial Equipment Generator Sets

2267006010 LPG Commercial Equipment Pumps

2267006015 LPG Commercial Equipment Air Compressors

2267006020 LPG Commercial Equipment Gas Compressors

2267006025 LPG Commercial Equipment Welders

2267006030 LPG Commercial Equipment Pressure Washers

2267006035 LPG Commercial Equipment Hydro-power Units

2267008000 LPG Airport Ground Support Equipment All

2267008005 LPG Airport Ground Support Equipment Airport Ground Support Equipment

Note: EPA’s NONROAD model reports emissions/fuel consumption for the shaded entries. 
PECHAN April 2010

25 Draft Report

Table II-8. Assumptions Used to Estimate Industrial Sector Stationary 

Source Distillate Fuel Consumption

Sector Distillate Fuel Type

% of Total 

Consumption 

from Stationary 

Sources

Industrial No. 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 60

No. 2 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

No. 2 Distillate/Low and High Sulfur Diesel 15a

No. 4 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

Farm Diesel 0

Other Distillate Fuel Oil 100

Off-Highway

(Construction and Other)

Distillate Fuel Oil 5

Oil Company Distillate Fuel Oil 50

a

This value differs from the 0% assumption adopted in EPA’s nonroad diesel emissions rulemaking 

because it is known that some diesel fuel is used by stationary sources (a 15 percent value was 

selected for use as an approximate mid-point of a potential range of 8 to 24% stationary source use 

computed from a review of national data from the EIA’s Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey

and “Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales”). 

Table II-9. Assumptions Used to Estimate Commercial/Institutional Sector 

Stationary Source Distillate Fuel Consumption

Sector Distillate Fuel Type

% of Total 

Consumption from 

Stationary Sources

Commercial No. 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 80

No. 2 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

No. 2 Distillate/Ultra-Low, Low, and High Sulfur Diesel 0

a

No. 4 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

a

A very small portion of total commercial/institutional diesel is actually consumed by point sources (SCC 

203001xx).

There are two reasons why MECS provides a more representative data set for use in this project: 

(1) MECS provides data specific to the region of interest; and (2) MECS focuses solely on the 

Manufacturing sector. The latter characteristic is particularly important for fuel types which 

consume significant amounts of non-Manufacturing sector energy that is already included 

elsewhere (e.g., distillate fuel used by the Construction sector, which is included in the nonroad 

inventory). The MECS non-fuel consumption data treat coal that is used to produce coke as a 

feedstock (Lorenz, 2009). However, available data indicate that only four of the SESARM states 

produce coke (Alabama, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia; EIA, 2008a) and coke combustion

is not included in the area source emissions inventory. Because of this, Pechan estimated the 

percent energy consumption from non-fuel use for SESARM states without coke plants by 
PECHAN April 2010

26 Draft Report

subtracting the coal used in the primary metals industrial subsector (NAICS code 331*) from the 

MECS coal dataset. More than 97 percent of coking coal is ultimately consumed in this 

subsector (Lorenz, 2009). Table II-10 presents the non-fuel use percentages by type of energy.

Table II-10. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption from Non-Fuel Uses

Energy Type

2006 MECS % Energy Consumption from Non-Fuel 

Use

South1 National

Residual 30% 20%

Distillate 12% 12%

Natural Gas 11% 7%

LPG/NGL 99% 97%

Coal (excludes coking coal) 9% 6%

Sources: EIA, 2009c and Lorenz, 2009.

1

All SESARM states are in the South region.

 

d. Point Source Energy Consumption

This draft inventory does not account for point source subtractions. These subtractions will be 

performed for the final inventory, and will follow the procedures outlined in an earlier Pechan 

Technical Memorandum (Pechan, 2009c).

e. Emission Factors

Table II-11 presents the criteria pollutant emission factors that Pechan used in calculating ICI 

combustion area source emissions. Except as noted below, all criteria air pollutant emission 

factors are from an EPA database used to prepare the 2008 nonpoint source NEI (Huntley, 

2009).4 Wood combustion emission factors are from AP-42 (EPA, 2003b). Because there are no 

NH3 emission factors for ICI fuel combustion available in the 2008 NEI emission factor 

database, AP-42, or EPA’s WebFIRE, Pechan used emission factors reported in an NH3 

emissions Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) guidance document (Pechan, 2004).

With a few notable exceptions, the 2008 NEI emission factors are the same as those used for the 

2002 NEI.5 The PM emission factors for natural gas and LPG combustion are the major 

exceptions. Because the 2002 emission factors were deemed too high because of artifact 

formation in the test method (method 202) during stack testing, EPA developed a set of SCCspecific adjustment factors to apply to the 2002 NEI to better reflect PM emissions from these 

fuels.6 In preparation for the 2008 NEI, EPA developed revised natural gas PM emission factors 

by applying these adjustment factors to the 2002 NEI emission factors. Revised emission factors 

for LPG were computed by applying appropriate conversion factors to the updated natural gas 

emission factors.

 

4

 All criteria pollutant emission factors were rounded to two decimal places.

5

 The 2002 NEI documentation provides citations to the AP-42 source for each emission factor.

6

 These factors reduce PM emissions by more than 90 percent.
PECHAN April 2010

27 Draft Report

Table II-11. Criteria Pollutant Emission Factors for ICI Combustion Area Source Categories

SCC Description

Emission Factor 

Units1 VOC NOx CO SO2 PM2.5-FIL PM10-FIL PM-CON NH3

2102001000 Industrial Anthracite Coal lb/ton 0.3 9 0.6 39 * S% 0.48 * A% 1.1 * A% 0.08 0.03

2102002000 Industrial Bitum/Subbitum Coal lb/ton 0.05 11 5 38 * S% 1.4 12 1.04 0.03

2102004000 Industrial Distillate Oil lb/1000 gal 0.2 20 5 142 * S% 0.25 1 1.3 0.8

2102005000 Industrial Residual Oil lb/1000 gal 0.28 55 5 157 * S% 4.67 * (1.12 * 

S% + 0.37)

7.17 * (1.12 * 

S% + 0.37) 1.5 0.8

2102006000 Industrial Natural Gas lb/MMcf 5.5 100 84 0.6 0.11 0.2 0.32 0.49

2102007000 Industrial LPG 2lb/1000 bbl 21.9 398 502 2.39 0.438 0.797 1.275 1.95

2102008000 Industrial Wood 3lb/MMBtu 0.017 0.22 0.6 0.025 0.43 0.5 0.017 0.0864

2102011000 Industrial Kerosene lb/1000 gal 0.19 19.29 4.82 142 * S% 0.24 0.96 1.25 0.771

2103001000 Comm/Inst Anthracite Coal lb/ton 0.3 9 0.6 39 * S% 0.48 * A% 1.1 * A% 0.08 * A% 0.03

2103002000 Comm/Inst Bitum/Subbitum Coal lb/ton 0.05 11 5 38 * S% 1.4 12 1.04 0.03

2103004000 Comm/Inst Distillate Oil lb/1000 gal 0.34 20 5 142 * S% 0.83 1.08 1.3 0.8

2103005000 Comm/Inst Residual Oil lb/1000 gal 1.13 55 5 157 * S% 1.92 * (1.12 * 

S% + 0.37)

5.17 * (1.12 * 

S% + 0.37) 1.5 0.8

2103006000 Comm/Inst Natural Gas lb/MMcf 5.5 100 84 0.6 0.11 0.2 0.32 0.49

2103007000 Comm/Inst LPG lb/1000 bbl 21.9 398 502 2.39 0.438 0.797 1.275 1.95

2103008000 Comm/Inst Wood 3lb/MMBtu 0.017 0.22 0.6 0.025 0.43 0.5 0.017 0.0864

2103011000 Comm/Inst Kerosene lb/1000 gal 0.33 19.29 4.82 142 * S% 0.8 1.04 1.25 0.771

Source: Unless otherwise noted, 2008 nonpoint source NEI (Huntley, 2009).

Notes: 1lb = pound; ton = short ton; gal = gallon; MMcf = million cubic feet; MMBtu = million British thermal units; bbl = barrels; S = sulfur content; A = ash

 content

2

Emission factors from Commercial/Institutional LPG.

3

Emission factors from AP-42, Section 1.6, Wood Residue Combustion in Boilers (EPA, 2003b).

 

4

Emission factor from Pechan, 2004; reported in lb/tons.
PECHAN April 2010

28 Draft Report

f. Coal Sulfur and Ash Content

For a recent ICI combustion area source inventory project for the Central Regional Air Planning 

Association (CENRAP), Pechan evaluated the reliability of various data sources for coal sulfur 

content to be used to estimate emissions in that project. Pechan evaluated five potential data 

sources:

1. 2002 CENRAP state point source inventories;

2. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)’s U.S. Coal Quality Database;

3. Energy Information Administration (EIA)’s ―Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants 

2002 and 2003.‖

4. EIA’s ―EIA-423 - Monthly Nonutility Fuel Receipts and Fuel Quality Data, 2002;‖ and

5. EIA’s ―Quarterly Coal Report, January–March 2003.‖

Pechan evaluated these coal sulfur content data sources with respect to two specific criteria 

identified in the QAPP for this project: representativeness and accuracy. Based on these 

evaluations, Pechan used the average sulfur content data from EIA’s ―Quarterly Coal Report‖ to 

estimate the sulfur content of both Industrial and Commercial/Institutional sector bituminous/

subbituminous coal in each SESARM state (EIA, 2008b). Even though this source does not 

report whether the coal is bituminous/subbituminous or anthracite, it is appropriate to treat the 

values for this source as representative of bituminous/subbituminous coal because anthracite 

accounts for only a very small proportion of coal consumption in SESARM states.

Due to the lack of available data for anthracite coal, Pechan used the average ash content 

(13.38 percent) and sulfur content (0.89 percent) from the 2002 NEI for the Industrial and 

Commercial/Institutional sectors. These percentages are based on the composition of anthracite 

coal seams in Pennsylvania, where all anthracite coal imported by SESARM states originated in 

2007 (EIA, 2008c). Tables II-12 and II-13 report the coal ash and/or sulfur content values that 

were used in calculating ICI combustion area source emissions for the 2007 base year inventory.

g. County Allocation Data

After computing state-level area source emissions using the data described above, the next step is 

to allocate these emissions to individual counties. Separate allocation approaches were 

implemented for the Industrial and Commercial/Institutional sectors. For Commercial/

Institutional sector source categories, the approach relies on county employment data compiled 

from government sources. For Industrial sector source categories, the approach utilizes countylevel Industrial sector energy consumption estimates developed in this effort.
PECHAN April 2010

29 Draft Report

Table II-12. Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Sulfur Content for 

2007 ICI Combustion

State

Industrial Coal

Sulfur Content (%)

Commercial/

Institutional Coal

Sulfur Content (%)

Alabama 0.94 0.94

Florida 0.87 0.87

Georgia 0.95 0.95

Kentucky 0.89 0.89

Mississippi 2.01 2.01

South Carolina 1.10 1.10

North Carolina 0.90 0.90

Tennessee 1.21 1.21

Virginia 0.96 0.96

West Virginia 0.95 0.95

1Reflects the average from coal received in 2007.

2

Assumes that coal burned in the Commercial/Institutional sector has the same

composition as coal burned in the Industrial sector.

Table II-13. Anthracite Coal Ash and Sulfur Content for 2007 ICI Combustion

State

Industrial Commercial/Institutional

Ash Content

(%)

Sulfur Content 

(%)

Ash Content

(%)

Sulfur Content 

(%)

Alabama 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Florida 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Georgia 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Kentucky 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Mississippi 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

South Carolina 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

North Carolina 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Tennessee 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Virginia 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

West Virginia 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89
PECHAN April 2010

30 Draft Report

Commercial/Institutional

Because SEDS data originate from EIA fuel sector-specific surveys of energy suppliers,7Pechan 

reviewed these survey forms/instructions for further details on what SEDS considers 

Commercial sector use of each fuel. This review found that the surveys/guidance do not always 

provide further clarity. In addition, the EIA has admitted that energy suppliers may use their 

own account classifications as well as EIA guidance in determining whether a particular account 

belongs in the Residential, Commercial, Industrial, or Transportation sector. The only source of 

NAICS-code based EIA definitions of the Commercial energy sector is a ―rough crosswalk‖ 

between Commercial building types and NAICS codes developed for EIA’s Commercial 

Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). With the exception of NAICS code 814 

(Private Households), this crosswalk links all NAICS codes between 42 and 92 with Commercial 

building energy consumption. Employment data for the CBECS-identified NAICS codes (42 

though 92 with exception of 814) were used to allocate SEDS energy consumption data to 

individual counties. Pechan used private sector 2006 employment data from County Business 

Patterns (CBP) and public sector 2006 employment data from the Census of Governments

(Census, 2009a; and Census, 2009b) because these data were already compiled in support of the 

2008 NEI (year-to-year changes in county employment proportions are expected to be minimal).

Industrial

Unlike the Commercial sector, documentation provides a clear listing of the NAICS codes 

associated with SEDS Industrial energy consumption data: ―the industrial sector encompasses 

the following types of activity: Manufacturing (NAICS codes 31–33); Agriculture, Forestry, 

Fishing and Hunting (NAICS code 11); Mining, including Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS code 

21); and Construction (NAICS code 23).‖ As noted earlier, a portion of Industrial sector 

consumption (Agriculture, Mining and Construction) is already accounted for in other emission 

inventory sectors and was removed. Therefore, Pechan did not expand the list of NAICS codes 

used to represent the area source Industrial fuel combustion category beyond the Manufacturing 

sector NAICS codes (31-33).

Employment-based county allocation methods lead to overrepresentation of energy consumption 

in counties with sectors that have high employment but low energy intensities (measured on a 

Btu per employee basis), and vice-versa. Given that Manufacturing sectors have much greater 

energy intensity variability than Commercial/Institutional sectors, Pechan utilized energy use per 

employee values by NAICS code to improve upon the employment-based county allocation 

approach used in the 2008 NEI for the Industrial fuel combustion category. This procedure 

relied on 2007 national energy consumption data by NAICS code as reported by EIA in Annual 

Energy Outlook (EIA, 2009d). Energy intensity values were computed by dividing these Btubased energy consumption estimates by NAICS code-level 2007 national employment data. The 

resulting intensity values were then multiplied by county/NAICS code-level employment 

estimates from CBP to estimate total county energy consumption by NAICS code. These values 

were then summed for the appropriate Industrial fuel combustion NAICS codes. The resulting 

 

7

 For natural gas, for example – EIA-176 ―Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and 

Disposition.‖ 
PECHAN April 2010

31 Draft Report

county-level total Industrial energy consumption estimates were used to apportion state-level 

area source Industrial fuel combustion emissions to each county.

Estimation of Withheld Employment Data

Due to concerns with releasing confidential business information, the CBP withholds values for a 

given county/NAICS code if it would be possible to identify individual businesses from these 

values. In such cases, the CBP reports a letter code, representing a particular employment size 

range. Pechan used the following procedure to estimate data for withheld counties/NAICS 

codes.

1. County-level employment for counties with reported values are totaled by state for the 

applicable NAICS code.

2. Value from step 1 is subtracted from the state employment value for the NAICS code.

3. Each of the withheld counties is assigned an initial employment estimate reflecting the 

midpoint of the CBP range code (e.g., code A, which reflects 1-19 employees, is assigned an 

estimate of 10 employees).

4. The initial employment estimates from step 3 are then summed to the state level.

5. The value from step 2 is divided by the value from step 4 to yield an adjustment factor to 

apply to the initial employment estimates to yield employment values that will sum to the 

state employment total for the applicable NAICS code.

6. The final county-level employment values are estimated by multiplying the initial 

employment estimates from step 3 by the step 5 adjustment factors.

Example: NAICS 31-33 (Manufacturing) in Maine

fipsstate fipscty naics empflag emp

23 001 31---- 6,774

23 003 31---- 3,124

23 005 31---- 10,333

23 007 31---- 1,786

23 009 31---- 1,954

23 011 31---- 2,535

23 013 31---- 1,418

23 015 31---- F 0

23 017 31---- 2,888

23 019 31---- 4,522

23 021 31---- 948

23 023 31---- I 0

23 025 31---- 4,322

23 027 31---- 1,434

23 029 31---- 1,014

23 031 31---- 9,749
PECHAN April 2010

32 Draft Report

1. The total of employees not including counties 015 and 023 is 52,801.

2. The state-level CBP reports 59,322 employees in NAICS 31—the difference is 6,521.

3. County 015 is given a midpoint of 1,750 (since range code F is 1,000-2,499) and County 023 

is given a midpoint of 17,500.

4. State total for these two counties is 19,250.

5. 6,521/19,250 = 0.33875.

The final employment estimate for county 015 is 1,750 * 0.33875 = 593. The county 023 final 

employment estimate is computed as 17,500 * 0.33875 = 5,928.

C. INVENTORY SUPPLEMENTATION/FINAL DATA MERGING

As directed by S/L agencies, Pechan supplemented 2007 S/L agency supplied emissions data 

(when supplied) and Pechan default emissions data with emissions data from the 2002 nonpoint 

source NEI, or in the case of Georgia, the state’s 2005 Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule 

(CERR) submittal. To assist agencies that supplied S/L emissions data, Pechan compiled a list 

of SCC/pollutant combinations in the S/L area’s portion of the 2002 nonpoint source NEI that 

did not match to combinations in either the S/L agency inventory or Pechan’s default inventory. 

This list was documented in an Excel worksheet and transmitted along with a request for 

agencies to identify whether each combination’s emissions should be carried forward or grown 

to 2007 using EGAS growth factors. Pechan contacted agencies with any necessary follow-up 

questions to clarify guidance on the NEI supplementation procedure.

To assist agencies that did not supply their own emissions data, Pechan compiled a list of 

SCC/pollutant combinations in the state’s portion of the 2002 nonpoint source NEI that did not 

match to combinations in Pechan’s default inventory. These lists were documented in an Excel 

workbook, which also contained a worksheet identifying associated inventory supplementation 

questions (e.g., ―the 2002 NEI reports VOC emissions under Dry Cleaning/Perchloroethylene 

SCCs—Pechan’s default inventory does not include VOC emissions for this SCC because 

perchloroethylene is no longer considered a VOC by EPA. Please confirm that VOC emissions 

from these SCCs should not be carried forward/grown‖). After reviewing state agency responses 

to these data merging questions, Pechan contacted agencies with follow-up questions as 

necessary to clarify state guidance.

Table II-14 displays the SCC/pollutant combinations for which 2002 nonpoint source NEI 

emissions were carried forward or grown to 2007 using growth factors from EGAS.8 Further 

documenting the data merging procedures are NIF EM table records and the SCC/county-level 

emission summaries that display a data source code for each record. Table II-15 presents the 

data source codes used to document the source of each area source emission record.. The 

compiled inventory was converted into EPA’s NIF 3.0 nonpoint source format.9 

 

8 Note that for some SCCs, EGAS did not provide growth factors. In these cases, Pechan used underlying EGAS 

5.0 information (i.e., the EGAS Version 5.0 SCC-to-growth indicator crosswalk and economic output data from 

version 5.5 of the Regional Economic Models, Inc. [REMI] model) to develop growth factors.

9

Pechan removed throughput data when 2002 nonpoint source NEI data were carried forward, 
PECHAN April 2010

33 Draft Report

Table II-14. Summary of Data Carried/Forward Grown From 2002 NEI

Source 

Classification Code Source Classification Code Description Alabama Florida Georgia1

KentuckyRest of 

State Mississippi

South 

Carolina

Tennessee

-Rest of 

State Virginia

West 

Virginia

2102010000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Process Gas/Total: All Boiler Types EGAS

2275085000 Aircraft/Unpaved Airstrips/Total EGAS (Majority) EGAS

2275900000 Aircraft/Refueling: All Fuels/All Processes ** (Use 25-01-080-xxx) EGAS

2301030000 Chemical Manufacturing/Process Emissions from Pharmaceutical Manuf/Total EGAS Carry EGAS EGAS Exclude Exclude Carry Carry Carry

2301040000 Chemical Manufacturing/Fugitive Emissions from Synthetic Organic Chem Manuf/Total EGAS Carry (Majority) EGAS Carry Exclude Carry

2302050000 Food & Kindred Products/Bakery Products/Total EGAS (Majority) EGAS

2302070000 Food & Kindred Products/Fermentation/Beverages/Total EGAS (Majority)

2302070005 Food & Kindred Products/Fermentation/Beverages/Wineries EGAS

2302070010 Food & Kindred Products/Fermentation/Beverages/Distilleries EGAS

2305070000 Mineral Processes/Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products/Total Carry

2306000000 Petroleum Refining/All Processes/Total EGAS EGAS Exclude Carry

2306010000 Petroleum Refining/Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials/Total Carry

2307060000 Wood Products/Misc Wood Products/Total Carry

2308000000 Rubber/Plastics/All Processes/Total Carry (Majority) Carry

2309000000 Fabricated Metals/All Processes/Total Carry

2309100010 Fabricated Metals/Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services/Electroplating Carry

2309100230 Fabricated Metals/Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services/Alkaline Cleaning Carry

2310000000 Oil & Gas Expl & Prod/All Processes/Total: All Processes EGAS Carry (Majority) EGAS EGAS Carry Exclude Carry Carry

2325000000 Mining &Quarrying/All Processes/Total EGAS Carry EGAS EGAS EGAS EGAS Carry Carry Carry

2399000000 Industrial Processes: NEC/Industrial Processes: NEC/Total EGAS Carry (Majority) EGAS Exclude Exclude Carry Carry

2401001010 Surface Coating/Architectural Coatings/Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters Carry

2401001050 Surface Coating/Architectural Coatings/All Other Architectural Categories Carry

2401005600 Surface Coating/Auto Refinishing/Primers Carry

2401005700 Surface Coating/Auto Refinishing/Top Coats Carry

2440000000 Misc Industrial/All Processes/Total: All Solvent Types Carry Carry
PECHAN April 2010

34 Draft Report

Source 

Classification Code Source Classification Code Description Alabama Florida Georgia1

KentuckyRest of 

State Mississippi

South 

Carolina

Tennessee

-Rest of 

State Virginia

West 

Virginia

2461800000 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic.: All Processes/Total: All Solvent Types EGAS (Majority)

2461850004 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic.: Agric./Herbicides, Potatoes EGAS

2461850005 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic.: Agric./Herbicides, Soy Beans EGAS

2461850006 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic.: Agric./Herbicides, Hay & Grains EGAS

2461850009 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic.: Agric./Herbicides, n.e.c. EGAS

2461850051 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic.: Agric./Other Pesticides, Corn EGAS

2461850054 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic.: Agric./Other Pesticides, Potatoes EGAS

2461850056 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic.: Agric./Other Pesticides, Hay & Grains EGAS

2461850099 Misc Non-industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic.: Agric./Other Pesticides, n.e.c. EGAS

2465800000 Misc Non-indus: Consumer/Pesticide Application/Total: All Solvent Types EGAS EGAS Carry

2501000090 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/All Storage Types: Breathing Loss/Distillate Oil Carry

2501050090 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses/Distillate Oil Carry

2501050150 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses/Jet Naphtha Carry

2501050180 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses/Kerosene Carry

2501070000 Diesel Service Stations/Total: All Products/All Processes EGAS

2501070051 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 1: Submerged Filling Carry (Majority) Carry

2501070052 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 1: Splash Filling Carry

2501070053 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling Carry (Majority)

2501070100 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 2: Total Carry (Majority)

2501070101 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Uncontrolled Carry

2501070103 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 2: Spillage Carry

2501070201 Diesel Service Stations/Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying Carry (Majority) Carry

2501995000 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/All Storage Types: Working Loss/Total: All Products Carry (Majority)

2505020000 Petrol & Petrol Product Transport/Marine Vessel/Total: All Products Carry (Majority)

2505020120 Petrol & Petrol Product Transport/Marine Vessel/Gasoline Carry (Majority)

2510000000 Organic Chemical Storage/All Storage Types: Breathing Loss/Total: All Products Carry

2530000020 Bulk Materials Storage/All Storage Types/Cement Carry
PECHAN April 2010

35 Draft Report

Source 

Classification Code Source Classification Code Description Alabama Florida Georgia1

KentuckyRest of 

State Mississippi

South 

Carolina

Tennessee

-Rest of 

State Virginia

West 

Virginia

2530000100 Bulk Materials Storage/All Storage Types/Limestone Carry

2530000120 Bulk Materials Storage/All Storage Types/Sand Carry

2530050000 Bulk Materials Storage/Bulk Stations/Terminals/Total: All Products Carry

2601000000 On-site Incineration/All Categories/Total Carry (Majority) Carry

2601010000 On-site Incineration/Industrial/Total EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS

2601020000 On-site Incineration/Commercial/Institutional/Total EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS EGAS Carry

2620000000 Landfills/All Categories/Total EGAS (Majority)

2620030000 Landfills/Municipal/Total Carry (Majority) Carry

2630020000 Wastewater Treatment/Public Owned/Total Processed Carry

2630020001 Wastewater Treatment/Public Owned/Flaring of Gases Carry

2640000000 TSDFs/All TSDF Types/Total: All Processes EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS EGAS EGAS Exclude Carry Carry

2660000000 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks/Leaking Underground Storage Tanks/Total: All 

Storage Types EGAS (Majority)

2801000000 Agric - Crops/Total EGAS Carry EGAS Carry EGAS Carry Carry

2801000003 Agric - Crops/Tilling EGAS Carry EGAS EGAS Carry EGAS Carry Carry Carry

2805001000 Agric - Livestock/Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots (drylots)/Dust Kicked-up 

by Hooves EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS EGAS Carry

2810001000 Forest Wildfires - Wildfires - Unspecified Carry

2810015000 Prescribed Forest Burning/Unspecified Carry

2810030000 Structure Fires/Unspecified EGAS Carry EGAS EGAS Carry EGAS Carry Carry

2810050000 Motor Vehicle Fires/Unspecified EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS Carry

2810060200 Cremation/Animals Carry

2830000000 Catastrophic/Accidental Releases/All Catastrophic/Accidential Releases/Total EGAS Carry

2830001000 Catastrophic/Accidental Releases/Industrial Accidents/Total Carry

2841000040 Misc Repair Shops/Misc Repair Shops/Soldering Operations Carry

1 Pechan Default inventory for GA supplemented with EGAS-grown emissions from Georgia’s 2005 CERR submission.
PECHAN April 2010

36 Draft Report

Table II-15. Area Source Inventory Data Source Codes

Code Description

P-07-X-NPT Pechan default area source estimate 

P-07-X-PT Pechan default total source estimate (SCC has both area and point source 

component; point source subtraction not performed yet).

N-02-G 2002 nonpoint source NEI estimate grown using EGAS

N-02-F 2002 nonpoint source NEI estimate carried forward (no growth)

S-05-G 2005 Georgia area source CERR submission estimate grown using EGAS

S-07-X State agency-supplied estimate

L-07-X Local agency-supplied estimate

L-07-X-VR Estimated from local agency VOC estimate and Pechan default inventory derived 

ratio relative of pollutant emission factor to VOC emission factor.

D. QA/QC PROCEDURES

The quality assurance procedures that Pechan peformed on the draft 2007 stationary area source

inventory included:

For each SCC, reviewed that the jurisidiction’s emissions were compiled from the correct 

data source table and checked that all jurisdiction/SCC combinations from our master 

internal data merge list were included in the final EM table and that all final EM table 

entries had a corresponding match in this list;

For Pechan default SCCs without a point source component, reviewed regional emission 

totals by SCC and pollutant versus regional emission totals compiled from the 2002 

nonpoint source NEI—large discrepancies, especially in terms of different trends across 

pollutants for a given SCC (i.e., some with large increases, others with large decreases) 

were evaluated for validity;

10

Confirmed that each EM table record was assigned a proper data source code;

Ran the EPA’s NIF QA/Content Checker on the set of compiled NIF tables and made 

necessary revisions—this program checks for invalid entries (e.g., SCCs) and formatting, 

performs referential integrity checks, and compares annual emssion values and other 

fields agains a range of typical values that are based on previous inventories; and

Evaluated whether PM10 primary emissions are greater than or equal to PM2.5 primary 

emissions and that condensable + filterable emissions are within 0.02 tons of primary 

emissions.

Related to the PM relationship checks in the final bullet above, Table II-16 displays the North 

Carolina records for which primary PM10 emissions are less than primary PM2.5 emissions. 

Table II-17 presents Georgia records for which the sum of filterable plus condensable emissions 

is more than 0.02 tons greater or less than primary PM emissions.

 

10 For example, while other pollutants decreased, a large increase in SO2 emissions for the Residential Distillate 

Combustion category was identified as attributable to emissions data supplied by North Carolina. Also, a much 

larger increase in VOC emissions than other pollutant emissions for the Deep Fat Frying category was traced to a 

methodology change between the 2002 NEI and the 2008 NEI.
PECHAN April 2010

37 Draft Report

Table II-16. Suspect North Carolina PM Emission Records

SCC

FIPS

CODE COUNTY

Data 

Source 

Code PM10-PRI PM25-PRI

2102004000 37117 Martin County S-07-X 0.0000 0.0003

2102004000 37187 Washington County S-07-X 0.00 0.65

2102006000 37001 Alamance County S-07-X 4.24 4.87

2102006000 37003 Alexander County S-07-X 1.48 1.49

2102006000 37019 Brunswick County S-07-X 1.89 2.03

2102006000 37023 Burke County S-07-X 0.34 2.38

2102006000 37025 Cabarrus County S-07-X 4.44 4.90

2102006000 37027 Caldwell County S-07-X 3.28 3.39

2102006000 37035 Catawba County S-07-X 12.09 12.37

2102006000 37051 Cumberland County S-07-X 0.00 0.45

2102006000 37057 Davidson County S-07-X 4.37 4.44

2102006000 37059 Davie County S-07-X 1.27 1.47

2102006000 37063 Durham County S-07-X 6.56 7.26

2102006000 37065 Edgecombe County S-07-X 2.30 2.32

2102006000 37069 Franklin County S-07-X 0.91 1.08

2102006000 37071 Gaston County S-07-X 5.29 6.07

2102006000 37077 Granville County S-07-X 0.52 0.78

2102006000 37081 Guilford County S-07-X 21.05 22.85

2102006000 37083 Halifax County S-07-X 0.66 0.84

2102006000 37085 Harnett County S-07-X 1.92 1.95

2102006000 37089 Henderson County S-07-X 0.22 0.83

2102006000 37091 Hertford County S-07-X 0.39 0.59

2102006000 37101 Johnston County S-07-X 0.00 0.51

2102006000 37105 Lee County S-07-X 2.83 3.27

2102006000 37107 Lenoir County S-07-X 2.07 2.77

2102006000 37109 Lincoln County S-07-X 1.76 1.77

2102006000 37111 McDowell County S-07-X 1.06 1.17

2102006000 37121 Mitchell County S-07-X 0.12 0.35

2102006000 37125 Moore County S-07-X 1.69 1.93

2102006000 37129 New Hanover County S-07-X 4.04 4.28

2102006000 37145 Person County S-07-X 0.35 0.83

2102006000 37147 Pitt County S-07-X 3.01 3.45

2102006000 37151 Randolph County S-07-X 5.62 5.91

2102006000 37153 Richmond County S-07-X 0.12 1.10

2102006000 37155 Robeson County S-07-X 0.00 2.43

2102006000 37157 Rockingham County S-07-X 1.62 2.53

2102006000 37159 Rowan County S-07-X 1.07 2.10

2102006000 37161 Rutherford County S-07-X 0.39 0.44

2102006000 37163 Sampson County S-07-X 0.00 0.02

2102006000 37165 Scotland County S-07-X 0.00 0.32

2102006000 37171 Surry County S-07-X 1.99 2.11

2102006000 37179 Union County S-07-X 5.30 5.98

2102006000 37181 Vance County S-07-X 1.25 1.27

2102006000 37183 Wake County S-07-X 22.08 22.49

2102006000 37191 Wayne County S-07-X 3.74 3.81
PECHAN April 2010

38 Draft Report

SCC

FIPS

CODE COUNTY

Data 

Source 

Code PM10-PRI PM25-PRI

2102006000 37193 Wilkes County S-07-X 0.31 0.32

2102007000 37005 Alleghany County S-07-X 24.60 147.73

2102007000 37017 Bladen County S-07-X 428.33 1,895.08

2102007000 37029 Camden County S-07-X 18.44 2,750.96

2102007000 37041 Chowan County S-07-X 316.38 632.22

2102007000 37053 Currituck County S-07-X 478.14 2,323.78

2102007000 37065 Edgecombe County S-07-X 12.94 391.94

2102007000 37089 Henderson County S-07-X 11.91 826.31

2102007000 37101 Johnston County S-07-X 133.59 7,669.07

2102007000 37113 Macon County S-07-X 80.58 529.22

2102007000 37125 Moore County S-07-X 257.81 1,060.73

2102007000 37149 Polk County S-07-X 63.59 118.78

2102007000 37161 Rutherford County S-07-X 109.89 298.31

2102008000 37027 Caldwell County S-07-X 128.68 130.70

2102008000 37075 Graham County S-07-X 0.03 0.94

2102008000 37123 Montgomery County S-07-X 7.24 28.42

2102008000 37187 Washington County S-07-X 26.89 28.79

2103004000 37107 Lenoir County S-07-X 0.00 0.09

2103006000 37023 Burke County S-07-X 1.60 1.85

2103006000 37025 Cabarrus County S-07-X 2.28 3.10

2103006000 37035 Catawba County S-07-X 5.30 5.61

2103006000 37045 Cleveland County S-07-X 0.02 0.24

2103006000 37049 Craven County S-07-X 1.49 1.59

2103006000 37051 Cumberland County S-07-X 1.01 1.65

2103006000 37057 Davidson County S-07-X 1.76 2.29

2103006000 37063 Durham County S-07-X 1.77 2.39

2103006000 37071 Gaston County S-07-X 0.00 0.76

2103006000 37081 Guilford County S-07-X 9.99 11.44

2103006000 37085 Harnett County S-07-X 0.83 0.96

2103006000 37093 Hoke County S-07-X 0.16 0.40

2103006000 37097 Iredell County S-07-X 2.37 2.84

2103006000 37101 Johnston County S-07-X 0.91 1.03

2103006000 37105 Lee County S-07-X 1.33 1.98

2103006000 37107 Lenoir County S-07-X 0.94 1.10

2103006000 37109 Lincoln County S-07-X 0.00 0.52

2103006000 37117 Martin County S-07-X 0.00 0.34

2103006000 37127 Nash County S-07-X 0.65 0.72

2103006000 37133 Onslow County S-07-X 0.02 0.90

2103006000 37139 Pasquotank County S-07-X 0.55 0.63

2103006000 37141 Pender County S-07-X 0.53 0.56

2103006000 37145 Person County S-07-X 0.64 0.65

2103006000 37147 Pitt County S-07-X 1.64 2.43

2103006000 37151 Randolph County S-07-X 2.33 2.37

2103006000 37153 Richmond County S-07-X 0.83 0.93

2103006000 37155 Robeson County S-07-X 1.90 1.96

2103006000 37159 Rowan County S-07-X 1.62 1.88

2103006000 37167 Stanly County S-07-X 1.01 1.09

2103006000 37179 Union County S-07-X 0.00 2.39
PECHAN April 2010

39 Draft Report

SCC

FIPS

CODE COUNTY

Data 

Source 

Code PM10-PRI PM25-PRI

2103006000 37181 Vance County S-07-X 0.49 0.74

2103006000 37183 Wake County S-07-X 7.70 11.25

2103006000 37189 Watauga County S-07-X 0.00 0.41

2103006000 37191 Wayne County S-07-X 1.44 1.86

2103006000 37195 Wilson County S-07-X 1.57 1.58

2103007000 37005 Alleghany County S-07-X 5.57 33.45

2103007000 37017 Bladen County S-07-X 96.98 429.08

2103007000 37029 Camden County S-07-X 4.17 622.86

2103007000 37041 Chowan County S-07-X 71.63 143.14

2103007000 37053 Currituck County S-07-X 108.26 526.14

2103007000 37065 Edgecombe County S-07-X 2.93 88.74

2103007000 37089 Henderson County S-07-X 2.70 187.09

2103007000 37101 Johnston County S-07-X 30.25 1,736.39

2103007000 37113 Macon County S-07-X 18.24 119.82

2103007000 37125 Moore County S-07-X 58.37 240.17

2103007000 37149 Polk County S-07-X 14.40 26.89

2103007000 37161 Rutherford County S-07-X 24.88 67.54

2103008000 37023 Burke County S-07-X 0.73 2.57

2103008000 37035 Catawba County S-07-X 1.38 4.29

2103008000 37151 Randolph County S-07-X 9.16 9.26

2103008000 37155 Robeson County S-07-X 3.97 4.42

2103008000 37163 Sampson County S-07-X 0.00 0.21

2103008000 37179 Union County S-07-X 0.00 1.42

Table II-17. Suspect Georgia PM Emission Records

SCC

FIPS 

Code County

Data 

Source 

Code

PM10-

PRI

PM10-

FIL

PM25-

PRI

PM25-

FIL

PMCON

2601010000 13115 Floyd County1S-05-G 18.711 16.976 13.343 11.630 1.713

2601020000 13001 Appling County2S-05-G 1.089 1.003 0.787 0.679 0.108

2601020000 13107 Emanuel County2S-05-G 1.089 1.003 0.787 0.679 0.108

2601020000 13091 Dodge County2S-05-G 1.089 1.003 0.787 0.679 0.108

2601020000 13071 Colquitt County2S-05-G 1.089 1.003 0.787 0.679 0.108

2601020000 13059 Clarke County2S-05-G 1.089 1.003 0.787 0.679 0.108

2601020000 13013 Barrow County2S-05-G 1.089 1.003 0.787 0.679 0.108

2601020000 13157 Jackson County2S-05-G 1.089 1.003 0.787 0.679 0.108

2601010000 13067 Cobb County2S-05-G 37.792 34.334 26.959 23.489 3.480

1

PM10-PRI is >0.02 tons greater than the sum of PM10-FIL + PM-CON

2

PM10-PRI is >0.02 tons less than the sum of PM10-FIL + PM-CON
PECHAN April 2010

40 Draft Report

III. 2007 NONROAD MOBILE SOURCE INVENTORY

The nonroad sector is comprised of nonroad engines included in EPA’s NONROAD model, as 

well as other engines not modeled in NONROAD, including aircraft, commercial marine vessels 

and locomotives. A 2007 nonroad sector inventory was developed using the following general 

procedures:

NONROAD model categories were based on the National Mobile Inventory Model 

(NMIM2008). SESARM agencies were asked to review the latest 2007 NMIM County 

Database and provide revisions as needed to the NMIM inputs.

The aircraft category was based on EPA’s 2008 NEI. The 2008 estimates were backcast 

to 2007, and any state comments were incorporated.

The commercial marine vessel category was based on EPA’s 2008 NEI, adjusted to 2007, 

and supplemented with any state emissions data.

The locomotive category was based on draft Class I and Class II/III line haul emissions 

developed by ERTAC. Passenger and commuter rail emissions were based on EPA’s 

2002 NEI. State emission estimates were also included.

A more detailed description of how 2007 emissions estimates for these nonroad categories were 

prepared is provided below.

A. NONROAD MODEL CATEGORIES

NONROAD model categories include equipment such as recreational marine and land-based 

vehicles, farm, construction and industrial machinery, and lawn and garden equipment. These 

equipment are powered by compression-ignition engines, which are typically diesel-fueled, as 

well as spark-ignition or gasoline-fueled engines. Compressed natural gas (CNG) and LPG 

engines are also included in the NONROAD model. Criteria pollutant emissions may not be 

reported for all SCCs for all counties in the SESARM region, and will depend on the geographic 

allocation methods used by the model, or state-specific allocation data.

NMIM2008 incorporates EPA’s latest NONROAD model (NONROAD2008) released in April 

2009, and reflects all of EPA’s final nonroad standards to date. Pechan first distributed the 2007 

year NMIM county-level database (NCD) to SESARM agencies for review and comment. 

Pechan prepared a report to accompany nonroad-related tables from the 2007 NCD providing 

instructions for agencies to provide any updates to these files that may represent S/L/T 

improvements to the NMIM/NONROAD defaults (Pechan, 2009d). A summary of the tables 

distributed and comments received from states is provided in Table III-1. 
PECHAN April 2010

41 Draft Report

Table III-1. Summary of 2007 NCD Tables and State Comments

NMIM Table Description Comments State(s)

County County-specific variables Revised OzoneSeasonStartMonth and 

OzoneSeasonEndMonth

AL, SC, VA

Update Barometric Pressure Jefferson Cty KY, VA

CountyYearMonthHour Hourly temps and relative 

humidity by month and county

Revised temperatures and relative humidity 

using NCDC data and EPA-prescribed 

methodology

VA

CountyNRFile External NONROAD data 

files 

Provided updates to SEASON.DAT file NC

Revised Underground Mining Cty Allocation File WV

CountyYear Additional external data files 

(mostly onroad related)

None

CountyYearMonth Maps counties to monthly fuel 

data

Revised county/monthly gasoline profile 

assignments

GA, NC, SC,

Davidson Cty TN, VA

Gasoline Gasoline fuel properties Revised/added gasoline fuel profiles GA, NC, SC, 

Davidson Cty TN, VA

Diesel Diesel sulfur content Revised Diesel sulfur content Davidson Cty, TN

Natural Gas Natural gas content None

Further descriptions of the state data provided and how they were evaluated and used is provided 

below.

CountyYearMonthHour Table

Virginia provided revised temperatures and relative humidity using National Climatic Data 

Center (NCDC) data and the EPA-prescribed methodology for stretching hourly averages to 

capture daily minima and maxima values. 

CountyNR Table

North Carolina provided an updated SEASON.DAT file (37000.sea) that changed the seasonal 

profile assignment for North Carolina from the default Mid-Atlantic region to the Southeast 

region. 

West Virginia provided an updated county allocation file for distributing activity and emissions 

related to underground mining equipment in their state. This revised county distribution was 

based on 2007 Underground Coal Production values as reported by the West Virginia’s Office of 

Miners' Health Safety and Training 2007 Coal Production by County. 
PECHAN April 2010

42 Draft Report

CountyYearMonth, Gasoline, and Diesel Tables

Several states provided revised fuel profile assignments by county, as reflected in changes to the 

CountyYearMonth table. In many cases, this also involved the creation of new gasoline profiles 

in the Gasoline table. The revisions submitted primarily related to changes by month for Reid 

Vapor Pressure (RVP) values as well as gasoline sulfur content. Updates to the oxygenated fuel 

data were provided for some states as well.

Some states also revised the diesel fuel sulfur content values for 2007. For regional consistency, 

unless the values were based on actual testing that reflected the diesel sulfur content in use for an 

area, the NMIM default values of 1218 parts per million (ppm) for land-based equipment 1389 

ppm for recreational marine were retained. 

Once the inputs to NMIM/NONROAD were quality assured, Pechan ran NMIM to generate 

2007 annual emission estimates for all SESARM states for all nonroad SCCs. Emissions from 

aircraft ground support equipment are now entirely addressed by the aircraft sector inventory 

(see discussion under Section III.B of this report). Pechan removed emission estimates from the 

NMIM output for the airport GSE SCCs (i.e., SCCs 2265008005, 2267008005, and 

2270008005).

B. AIRCRAFT

Airport-related emission estimates were developed for the following SCCs listed in Table III-2.

Table III-2. Aircraft Source Classification Codes

Description SCC

Military Aircraft 2275001000

Commercial Aircraft 2275020000

General Aviation - Piston 2275050011

General Aviation - Turbine 2275050012

Air Taxi - Piston 2275060011

Air Taxi - Turbine 2275060012

Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) 2275070000

4-Stroke Gasoline GSE 2265008005

LPG GSE 2267008005

CNG GSE 2268008005

Diesel GSE 2270008005

2007 aircraft emissions were primarily based on EPA’s 2008 NEI. The procedures and data for 

developing aircraft emissions are described in further detail in EPA’s 2008 NEI documentation 

(EPA, 2009a).

For commercial aircraft, the emission estimation methodology relied on airport and aircraftspecific landing and take-off (LTO) data, coupled with mode and aircraft-specific emission rates 
PECHAN April 2010

43 Draft Report

from the FAA’s Emission and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). Emissions for ground 

support equipment (GSE) and auxiliary power units (APUs) associated with commercial air 

carriers were estimated by EDMS, using operating time defaults based on the type of service 

performed. LTO data for general aviation and air taxi were obtained from FAA’s Terminal Area 

Forecasts (TAF) and 5010 Forms. This activity was assigned to jet and propeller-driven 

fractions, and fleet-average emission factors were then applied.

A portion of the military aircraft LTO are also reported by the FAA’s TAF and were 

incorporated into the NEI. EPA has acknowledged that the military aircraft inventory developed 

for 2008 was incomplete, and encouraged submittal of military aircraft emissions by states. 

Also, emissions for military aircraft were only available for VOC, NOx, CO, and SO2, with no 

PM being reported. 

The 2008 emissions and LTO data were back-cast to 2007 using approach operations by airport 

and aircraft type compiled from the FAA’s Air Traffic Activity Data System (ATADS) (FAA, 

2010). The airport-level LTOs were assigned to counties and summed for the county. For 

counties with aircraft emissions without a county match in ATADS, state average growth factors 

were calculated and applied. The county-level growth factors are not presented in this report, but 

could be provided to SESARM if requested. The 2007 to 2008 growth factors were developed 

for each of the six airport source categories. Commercial aircraft, APU, and GSE categories 

relied on growth factors calculated from commercial air carrier LTOs. General aviation and air 

taxi were grown using LTO data reported for these specific aviation categories. Military aircraft 

were held constant from 2008 to 2007. 

State-supplied data are summarized in Table III-3. Comments from Alabama, Georgia, and 

Davidson County, Tennessee related to removing non-operational airports or correcting county 

assignments for individual airports. Both North Carolina and Virginia submitted military aircraft 

emissions for military bases in their state. In addition, North Carolina provided emissions for 

military aircraft activity at commercial airports, and also provided diesel GSE emissions 

associated with all military aircraft. Note that for several North Carolina facilities, EPA had 

already reported diesel GSE emissions associated with commercial aircraft activity, so stateprovided diesel GSE emissions were added to these existing EPA estimates at the SCC level.
PECHAN April 2010

44 Draft Report

Table III-3. Summary of State Updates to Aircraft Category Emissions

State/County SCC SCC Description Pollutants Comments

Alabama 2275050011 General Aviation Piston All Removed emissions for 1 non-operational airport; 

1 airport in GA incorrectly assigned to AL county

2275050012 General Aviation Turbine

Georgia 2275050011 General Aviation Piston All Made revisions to county assignments for 2 

airports

2275050012 General Aviation Turbine

North Carolina 2275001000 Military Aircraft All Added military aircraft emissions at military bases 

and civilian airports

2270008005 Diesel Airport GSE

Davidson Cty, TN 2275050011 General Aviation Piston All Removed emissions for 4 non-operational airports; 

reassigned 1 airport from Davidson to Rutherford 

County

2275050012 General Aviation Turbine

Virginia 2275001000 Military Aircraft All but 

PM-10 

and 

PM-2.5

Added military aircraft emissions for 15 military 

bases

North Carolina provided estimates for all needed pollutants, and Virginia provided estimates for 

all pollutants, with some exceptions for PM-10 and PM-2.5. Where PM-10 was provided by 

Virginia for two facilities, we estimated PM-2.5 using a particle size multiplier of 0.669, from 

Table ―Military Aircraft Emission Factors‖ in Appendix A to EPA 2008 NEI documentation 

(ERG, 2009a). PM emissions for the remaining military facilities in Virginia were not estimated. 

C. COMMERCIAL MARINE VESSELS

Commercial marine vessel emissions are reported under the following SCCs:

2280002100 – Diesel, In Port

2280002200 – Diesel, Underway

2280003100 – Residual, In Port

2280003200 – Residual, Underway

For the purpose of the NEI it was assumed that Category 1 and 2 vessels typically use distillate 

fuels, while Category 3 vessels primarily use residual blends. Category 3 engines are defined as 

having displacement above 30 liters per cylinder.

2007 CMV emissions were based largely on EPA’s 2008 NEI. For Category 1 and 2 engines, 

national diesel emissions, based on national 2008 fuel sales, were split into near-shore port and 

underway components. Port emissions were assigned to 150 largest ports using port traffic data 

per Waterborne Commerce of the U.S. For the county allocation procedure, EPA developed a 

GIS shape file library based on Bureau of Transportation data to more precisely assign port 

emissions to counties, and to better allocate underway emissions to line segments/counties. This 
PECHAN April 2010

45 Draft Report

represents an improvement to the spatial allocation procedure used for previous versions of the 

NEI.

2008 Category 3 CMV estimates were projected from a 2002 hourly modeling inventory 

developed by EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ), and aggregated to an 

annual basis for the NEI. EPA developed Category 3 inventories for a total of 117 deep sea and 

inland ports, accounting for 4 different types of near-port emissions, including hotelling, 

maneuvering, reduced-speed zone, and cruise mode. EPA spatially allocated emissions using 

GIS shapefiles to specify the geographic locations for each type of near port emissions. 

Additional details concerning the methodologies are described in EPA’s 2008 NEI 

documentation (EPA, 2009b).

The 2008 CMV estimates were then adjusted to represent 2007. For Category 1 & 2 diesel 

commercial marine vessels, 2007 emissions were estimated by applying growth factors to the 

2008 emissions. National 2007 and 2008 emissions, by pollutant, were used to estimate the 

growth factors (EPA, 2008a). Emissions were adjusted at a national level because the surrogate 

data used to estimate county-level emissions for the 2008 NEI actually represent year 2007. 

Table III-4 shows the growth factors, by pollutant. The PM10-PRI and PM25-PRI growth factor 

value was also used for NH3.

Table III-4. Category 1 & CMV Growth Factors, by Pollutant 

Pollutant Growth Factor

CO 1.009

NH3 1.045

NOx 1.016

PM10-PRI 1.045

PM25-PRI 1.045

SO2 1.110

VOC 1.008

To estimate 2007 emissions for Category 3 residual commercial marine vessels, an annual 

average regional growth rate was applied as a corresponding decrease to the 2008 NEI emissions 

(EPA, 2008b). A correspondence was developed between the SESARM states and available 

regional growth rates for the East Coast and Gulf Coast. Table III-5 contains this 

correspondence along with the growth factor. Counties in the state of Florida were assigned to 

the two regions as appropriate.
PECHAN April 2010

46 Draft Report

Table III-5. Category 3 CMV Growth Factors, by State and SCC

FIPSST State SCC Region GF

01 AL 2280003100 Gulf Coast 0.955

01 AL 2280003200 Gulf Coast 0.955

12 FL 2280003100 Gulf Coast 0.955

12 FL 2280003200 Gulf Coast 0.955

12 FL 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

12 FL 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

13 GA 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

13 GA 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

21 KY 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

21 KY 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

28 MS 2280003100 Gulf Coast 0.955

28 MS 2280003200 Gulf Coast 0.955

37 NC 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

37 NC 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

45 SC 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

45 SC 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

47 TN 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

47 TN 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

51 VA 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

51 VA 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

54 WV 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

54 WV 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

State provided data are listed in Table III-6. South Carolina provided a county-level inventory 

for the port of Charleston for 2005. The 2005 estimates were grown to 2007 using Army Corps 

of Engineers data on total commodity tonnage handled at the Port of Charleston (ACE, 2010). 

Davidson County provided a county-level CMV inventory reported under the general SCC 

2280000000. Finally, Virginia also provided a military marine emissions inventory, with the 

exclusion of Coast Guard Vessels, since activity for these ships should be captured by EPA’s 

Category 1 & 2 inventory. The port and underway components of Virginia’s marine inventory 

were assigned to the Residual, In Port and Residual, Underway SCCs, respectively. In counties 

where EPA had already reported residual port or underway emissions, state-provided military 

marine emissions were added to these existing EPA estimates at the SCC level. Any necessary 

pollutant augmentation is described in Table III-6.
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Table III-6. Summary of State Updates to Commercial Marine Category Emissions

State/County SCC SCC Description Pollutants Comments Additional Revisions

South Carolina/

Charleston Cty

2280002100 Category 1&2 Residual 

Port

All but NH3 Removed NEI emissions 

and added SC supplied 

emissions for Charleston 

County, SC. 

NH3 estimated using PM-10 multiplier of 

0.00477 (ERG, 2009b)

2280002200 Category 1&2 Residual 

Underway

All but NH3 NH3 estimated using the ratio of 2008 NEI 

NH3/PM-10 emissions for the particular 

County/SCC.

2280003100 Category 3 Diesel Port All but NH3 NH3 estimated using PM-10 multiplier of 

0.00477 (ERG, 2009b)

2280003200 Category 3 Diesel 

Underway

All but NH3 NH3 estimated using the ratio of 2008 NEI 

NH3/PM-10 emissions for the particular 

County/SCC.

Davidson County, 

Tennessee

2280000000 All Commercial Marine All but PM-10, PM25 and NH3Removed all CMV NEI 

emissions for Davidson 

County, TN and added 

emissions supplied by the 

county. 

PM-10 estimated using emission factor (EPA, 

2008a) and fuel consumption (provided by 

Davidson County, TN). 

PM-25 estimated using PM-10 multiplier of 

0.92 (EPA, 2008a).

NH3 estimated using PM-10 multiplier of

0.00477 (ERG, 2009b)

Virginia 2280003100 Category 3 Diesel Port All but VOC, 

PM-25, and NH3

Added military marine 

emissions

VOC estimated using HC multiplier of 1.053 

(EPA, 2008a).

PM-25 estimated using PM-10 multiplier of 

0.92 (EPA, 2008a).

NH3 estimated using ratio of 2008 NEI 

NH3/PM-10 emissions for the particular 

County/SCC.

2280003200 Category 3 Diesel 

Underway

All but VOC, 

PM-25, and NH3

VOC estimated using HC multiplier of 1.053 

(EPA, 2008a).

PM-25 estimated using PM-10 multiplier of 

0.92 (EPA, 2008a).

NH3 estimated using ratio of 2008 NEI 

NH3/PM-10 emissions for the particular 

County/SCC.
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48 Draft Report

D. LOCOMOTIVES

Locomotive emissions are reported under the following SCCs:

2285002006 – Diesel Class I Line Haul

2285002007 – Diesel Class II/III Line Haul 

2285002008 – Diesel Passenger (Amtrak)

2285002009 – Diesel Commuter

2285002010 – Diesel Switchyard Locomotives

Class I line haul operations typically account for the majority of fuel consumed and emissions 

when preparing locomotive inventories. As such, resources should be focused on developing 

emission estimates for these operations relative to other rail-related operations. However, for 

some local areas, certain operations related to switchyard activity may also be important. 

For Class I line-haul locomotives, emissions are normally calculated by multiplying the amount 

of fuel consumed in the inventory area by pollutant-specific emission factors. This calculation is 

performed for each railroad. The results for each railroad are then summed to obtain the total 

Class I railroad emissions in the inventory area.

For Class I line haul, Pechan obtained 2007 emission estimates from the Eastern Regional

Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC, 2010a). ERTAC used the Federal Railroad 

Administration’s GIS data to construct a dataset of link-level million gross tons per mile (MGT). 

Next the Railroad Fuel Consumption Index (RFCI) value was calculated for each railroad, which 

represents the number of GTM produced per gallon of diesel fuel. When applied to each link’s 

GTM per year, link-based fuel consumption can be calculated. This methodology allows for a 

more accurate reflection of how GTM are actually concentrated across rail line route miles. 

Finally, the fuel consumed is multiplied by the various emission factors derived for each Class I 

rail line to determine link-level emissions for each pollutant. An important aspect is determining 

the fraction of locomotives that fall under each regulatory ―Tier,‖ since each Tier has an 

increasingly stringent emission rate for pollutants of concern. 

Limitations of the link-level MGT data maintained by the FRA is that the data are proprietary 

and can only be publically released with the express permission of each Class I railroad. In 

addition, when the FRA coded the link-level MGT data they did not provide a means for 

separating out individual MGT contributions for links that are operated by multiple railroad 

companies. As such, some assumptions were made for these contributions and ERTAC is 

working at this time with the Class I rail companies to correctly assign portions of links to the 

appropriate railroad.

Class II/III line haul emissions have also been developed and distributed by ERTAC (ERTAC, 

2010b). Limited documentation has been developed to describe the procedures used by ERTAC 

to develop this inventory. Generally, fuel consumption for all Class II/III railroads was obtained 

from the American Shortline and Regional Railroad Association and assigned to counties using 

route miles by rail line within each county. An average fuel use factor expressed in gallons per 

mile was then multiplied by the route miles to estimate fuel consumption by railroad and by 
PECHAN April 2010

49 Draft Report

county. Class II/III locomotives were all assumed to be uncontrolled with respect to emission 

rates used for estimating pollutant emissions. Class II/III rail emissions represented calendar 

year 2008, and as such were back-cast to 2007 using a surrogate growth indicator. A SESARM 

regional growth factor of 1.438 was developed using 2007 and 2008 total distillate fuel 

sales/deliveries to railroad consumers which were obtained from the DOE Energy Information 

Administration State Energy Data (DOE, 2009a).

Finally passenger and commuter rail line emissions from EPA’s 2002 NEI were grown to 2007. 

For both categories, the growth factor was developed using 2002 and 2007 passenger/commuter 

fuel use data obtained from the DOE Transportation Energy Data Book (DOE, 2009b). For 

passenger rail operations, the growth factor value was 0.732. For commuter rail operations, a 

growth factor of 1.11 was used. Because of the base year of these data, and the top-down 

methodologies used by EPA to estimate these rail category emissions, states with reported 

passenger and commuter rail emissions are encouraged to review and provide updates to this 

category if possible. 

A switchyard inventory under development by ERTAC is expected to be available for SESARM 

by mid-April 2010. As such, the draft locomotive inventory distributed for SESARM is 

currently missing this rail category. Since only 2 state/local agencies developed switchyard 

emissions, their emissions were not included in this version of the inventory, but will be 

incorporated once a default railyard inventory is available.

Some state data were provided for the locomotive category. These data are summarized in 

Table III-7. North Carolina provided a statewide passenger rail inventory for 2005 that was 

grown to 2007 using the same surrogate data used to grow 2002 passenger rail emissions. 

Davidson County provided a county level inventory comprised of Class I line haul and 

switchyard activity, reported under the general SCC 2285000000. Finally, Virginia also 

provided a Class I line haul and switchyard inventory for their entire state. Any needed pollutant 

augmentation is described in Table III-7.

E. QA/QC PROCEDURES

Pechan performed the following quality assurance procedures on the draft 2007 nonroad sector 

inventory.

For the NONROAD/NMIM categories, Pechan quality assured all NCD updates provided by 

states to ensure consistency with the NCD formats, and for reasonableness. Where questions 

came up, we coordinated with the appropriate state/local agency. Cross-checks were performed 

to confirm that state-supplied revisions were correctly incorporated into the NCD. Pechan 

compared results with 2007 emission estimates prepared by EPA using a prior version of the 

NCD. These comparisons were performed to ensure that results changed as expected given the 

updates made by specific states to the NMIM inputs. 
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Table III-7. Summary of State Updates to Locomotive Category Emissions

State SCC SCC Description Pollutants Comments Additional Revisions

North Carolina 2285002008 Line Haul Locomotives: 

Passenger Trains (Amtrak)

All but NH3 Replaced NEI passenger 

emissions with NC supplied 

emissions

NH3 estimated using the 

ratio of 2008 NEI NH3/PM25 emissions for the 

particular County/SCC.

Davidson County, 

Tennessee

2285000000 All Railroad All Fuels All but PM-25 

and NH3

Replaced ERTAC rail emissions 

with Davidson County supplied 

emissions

PM-25 estimated using 

PM-10 multiplier of 0.97 

(EPA, 2008a).

NH3 estimated using ratio of 

2008 NEI NH3/PM-25 

emissions for the particular 

County/SCC.

Virginia 2285002006 Line Haul Locomotives: Class I 

Operations

All Replaced ERTAC Class I rail 

emissions with VA supplied 

emissions

2285002010 Yard Locomotives All 
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Pechan compiled records for the SESARM region from EPA’s NEI for aircraft, CMV, and 

passenger/commuter rail, and obtained Class I and Class II/III line haul from ERTAC. Pechan 

performed and quality assured any needed adjustments to year 2007 (i.e., correct application of 

growth or backcast factors). Cross-checks were also performed to verify that state-supplied 

emission estimates were correctly incorporated into the draft inventory. Pechan also calculated 

missing pollutants for SCC-level state emission estimates, where emission factors or emission 

ratios were available.

Emission estimates were converted into EPA’s NIF3.0 as a final deliverable. For the NMIM 

categories, commercial marine, and locomotive, separate database files were prepared for each 

subsector following EPA’s NIF3.0 nonpoint format. Aircraft emission estimates were prepared 

in EPA’s NIF3.0 point source format. EPA’s NIF QA Checker program was then run on these 

final files, and any referential integrity issues and invalid codes were identified and corrected. 

Finally, data source codes as described in Table III-8 were added to the NIF3.0 files to represent 

the source of the SCC, county-level emissions data for the draft inventory.

Table III-8 Data Source Codes Used for Draft 2007 

Nonroad Mobile Emission Estimates

Code Description

P-07-X Pechan default

N-02-G 2002 NEI grown

S-07-X State supplied

S-07-X-PS State supplied added to Pechan default

S-05-G State supplied 2005 grown 

L-07-X Local agency supplied
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IV. EMISSIONS SUMMARIES 

This section presents the emission summaries for the April 2010 draft version of the 2007 

stationary area and nonroad mobile emissions inventory for the SESARM region. In addition to 

the summaries provided in this section, Pechan has also provided SESARM with detailed 

county-level emission summaries in Excel worksheets.

A. STATIONARY AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS

Table IV-1 provides a summary of draft 2007 SESARM inventory by the four major area source 

subsectors. It is important to note that SESARM requested that Pechan include all source 

categories in the draft area source inventory. Therefore, for Pechan default inventory SCCs that 

have a point source component, the draft inventory estimates reflect total emissions rather than 

area source emissions. The final inventory will account for the effects of all necessary point 

source subtractions.11

Table IV-2 displays draft area source emission estimates by state, as well as the percent 

contribution of each state to total regional emissions. Similar summaries providing 2007 annual 

state-level emission estimates for each major area source sector, as well as percent contributions 

by state, are shown in Tables IV-3 through IV-6.

Table IV-1. Draft 2007 SESARM Area Source Emissions by Major Sector

Category

Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Combustion 338,139 248,113 204,532 366,563 281,648 684,770 4,173,030

Solvents 806,969 24 4 0.1

Fugitive Dust 2,437,096 246,689

All Other 4,572 24,853 473,740 366,429 173,546 459,007 576,473

All Nonpoint 342,710 272,966 1,485,241 3,170,111 701,887 1,143,778 4,749,503

 

11 Note that the SCC/county-level emission summaries that are provided in Excel provide a data source code 

extension (-PT) that identifies records that have a point source component. 
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Table IV-2. Draft 2007 Area Source Emission Estimates by State

State

Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 35,589 43,411 100,325 430,055 93,618 147,457 1,258,638

Florida 27,714 25,174 307,123 345,789 59,714 84,704 592,078

Georgia 35,102 45,395 177,682 696,745 125,960 117,663 1,252,026

Kentucky 24,451 21,595 92,961 232,546 42,446 70,583 197,837

Mississippi 6,670 15,849 79,197 342,511 56,100 43,622 460,257

North Carolina 77,963 36,213 303,377 285,356 162,502 347,642 170,893

South Carolina 29,837 23,909 96,010 288,822 55,442 107,578 481,995

Tennessee 63,643 30,867 146,653 240,537 46,428 67,458 267,826

Virginia 34,111 23,437 146,688 209,688 42,759 128,226 43,118

West Virginia 7,629 7,115 35,227 98,062 16,917 28,844 24,834

Total SESARM 342,710 272,966 1,485,241 3,170,111 701,887 1,143,778 4,749,503

State

Percentage of Regional Total

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 10.4 15.9 6.8 13.6 13.3 12.9 26.5

Florida 8.1 9.2 20.7 10.9 8.5 7.4 12.5

Georgia 10.2 16.6 12.0 22.0 17.9 10.3 26.4

Kentucky 7.1 7.9 6.3 7.3 6.0 6.2 4.2

Mississippi 1.9 5.8 5.3 10.8 8.0 3.8 9.7

North Carolina 22.7 13.3 20.4 9.0 23.2 30.4 3.6

South Carolina 8.7 8.8 6.5 9.1 7.9 9.4 10.1

Tennessee 18.6 11.3 9.9 7.6 6.6 5.9 5.6

Virginia 10.0 8.6 9.9 6.6 6.1 11.2 0.9

West Virginia 2.2 2.6 2.4 3.1 2.4 2.5 0.5

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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Table IV-3. Draft 2007 Combustion Emission Estimates by State

State

Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 35,000 40,113 4,778 57,533 43,096 78,843 1,196,661

Florida 27,543 24,012 6,261 32,246 23,884 60,698 558,654

Georgia 34,771 43,492 7,604 57,626 44,203 93,891 1,167,334

Kentucky 24,111 20,190 5,788 18,555 10,660 46,235 146,176

Mississippi 6,532 15,032 2,315 17,129 14,374 31,177 401,790

North Carolina 76,560 28,089 157,509 107,597 98,857 202,899 2,363

South Carolina 29,689 21,450 3,379 27,046 18,421 40,434 452,175

Tennessee 63,281 29,245 5,492 29,540 14,157 46,612 233,953

Virginia 33,150 19,964 8,683 15,758 10,949 63,614 1,524

West Virginia 7,501 6,527 2,724 3,532 3,047 20,366 12,401

Total SESARM 338,139 248,113 204,532 366,563 281,648 684,770 4,173,030

State

Percentage of Regional Total

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 10.4 16.2 2.3 15.7 15.3 11.5 28.7

Florida 8.1 9.7 3.1 8.8 8.5 8.9 13.4

Georgia 10.3 17.5 3.7 15.7 15.7 13.7 28.0

Kentucky 7.1 8.1 2.8 5.1 3.8 6.8 3.5

Mississippi 1.9 6.1 1.1 4.7 5.1 4.6 9.6

North Carolina 22.6 11.3 77.0 29.4 35.1 29.6 0.1

South Carolina 8.8 8.6 1.7 7.4 6.5 5.9 10.8

Tennessee 18.7 11.8 2.7 8.1 5.0 6.8 5.6

Virginia 9.8 8.0 4.2 4.3 3.9 9.3 0.0

West Virginia 2.2 2.6 1.3 1.0 1.1 3.0 0.3

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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Table IV-4. Draft 2007 Solvent Emission Estimates by State

State

Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 58,750

Florida 167,450

Georgia 109,294

Kentucky 58,003 1 1

Mississippi 45,829

North Carolina 116,799 0.1

South Carolina 52,577

Tennessee 92,963 22 4

Virginia 89,798

West Virginia 15,506

Total SESARM 806,969 24 4 0.1

State

Percentage of Regional Total

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Florida 20.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Georgia 13.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Kentucky 7.2 5.0 16.5 0.0

Mississippi 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

North Carolina 14.5 0.0 0.0 100.0

South Carolina 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tennessee 11.5 95.0 83.5 0.0

Virginia 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

West Virginia 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100
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Table IV-5. Draft 2007 Fugitive Dust Emission Estimates by State

State

Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 326,628 32,736

Florida 270,531 22,353

Georgia 580,972 62,152

Kentucky 184,719 19,996

Mississippi 301,748 32,907

North Carolina 124,698 11,834

South Carolina 235,648 23,318

Tennessee 184,689 20,269

Virginia 155,398 14,441

West Virginia 72,065 6,681

Total SESARM 2,437,096 246,689

State

Percentage of Regional Total

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 13.4 13.3

Florida 11.1 9.1

Georgia 23.8 25.2

Kentucky 7.6 8.1

Mississippi 12.4 13.3

North Carolina 5.1 4.8

South Carolina 9.7 9.5

Tennessee 7.6 8.2

Virginia 6.4 5.9

West Virginia 3.0 2.7

Total SESARM 100 100
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Table IV-6. Draft 2007 All Other Area Source Emission Estimates by State

State

Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 589 3,298 36,797 45,894 17,786 68,615 61,977

Florida 171 1,162 133,411 43,012 13,477 24,006 33,424

Georgia 331 1,903 60,784 58,148 19,605 23,771 84,693

Kentucky 340 1,406 29,170 29,271 11,789 24,347 51,662

Mississippi 138 817 31,052 23,634 8,819 12,445 58,467

North Carolina 1,403 8,124 29,069 53,061 51,812 144,743 168,530

South Carolina 147 2,460 40,054 26,127 13,703 67,144 29,820

Tennessee 362 1,622 48,198 26,284 11,998 20,846 33,873

Virginia 961 3,473 48,207 38,533 17,370 64,613 41,594

West Virginia 128 589 16,997 22,465 7,189 8,478 12,433

Total SESARM 4,572 24,853 473,740 366,429 173,546 459,007 576,473

State

Percentage of Regional Total

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM2.5-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 12.9 13.3 7.8 12.5 10.2 14.9 10.8

Florida 3.7 4.7 28.2 11.7 7.8 5.2 5.8

Georgia 7.2 7.7 12.8 15.9 11.3 5.2 14.7

Kentucky 7.4 5.7 6.2 8.0 6.8 5.3 9.0

Mississippi 3.0 3.3 6.6 6.4 5.1 2.7 10.1

North Carolina 30.7 32.7 6.1 14.5 29.9 31.5 29.2

South Carolina 3.2 9.9 8.5 7.1 7.9 14.6 5.2

Tennessee 7.9 6.5 10.2 7.2 6.9 4.5 5.9

Virginia 21.0 14.0 10.2 10.5 10.0 14.1 7.2

West Virginia 2.8 2.4 3.6 6.1 4.1 1.8 2.2

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

B. NONROAD MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS

Table IV-7 provides a summary of draft 2007 nonroad mobile annual emissions by the four 

major nonroad subsectors for the SESARM region. PM-10 and PM-2.5 emissions represent 

primary PM, and are reported as PM10-PRI, and PM25-PRI. The commercial marine category is 

the most significant contributor regionally to SO2 emissions. Nonroad model categories account 

for the large majority of emissions for NOx, VOC, PM10-PRI, PM25-PRI, and CO. It should be 

noted that switchyard emissions are not included in the locomotive category estimates for this 

version of the inventory. As such, locomotive emissions will increase for all pollutants once 

these emissions are added to the final inventory. 

Table IV-8 presents a summary of the draft annual NONROAD model emission estimates by 

state, as well as the percent contribution of each state to total regional emissions. Similar 

summaries providing 2007 annual state-level emission estimates for aircraft, commercial marine, 

and locomotives, as well as the percent contributions, are shown in Tables IV-9, IV-10, and 

IV-11, respectively. Note that an additional table showing pollutant emissions of military 

aircraft by state is also provided in the electronic Excel summaries.
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Table IV-7. Draft 2007 SESARM Nonroad Source Emissions by Major Sector

Category

Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM25-PRI CO NH3

NONROAD Model 23,308 404,091 630,558 41,489 39,517 4,674,012 449 

Aircraft 3,088 32,919 17,941 3,857 2,889 183,647 NA

Commercial Marine 34,016 171,202 4,104 7,950 7,559 29,707 90

Locomotive* 2,875 142,398 7,203 4,611 4,241 19,626 62

All Nonroad 63,286 750,611 659,805 57,907 54,206 4,906,992 599 

*The Locomotive category does not include switchyard emissions

Table IV-8. Draft 2007 NONROAD Model Emission Estimates by State

State

Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM25-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 1,483 26,695 49,956 2,806 2,665 316,138 30

Florida 6,714 109,218 193,974 11,543 10,986 1,431,464 134

Georgia 3,079 51,524 69,914 5,315 5,067 629,419 56

Kentucky 1,630 28,665 36,578 2,877 2,749 240,397 28

Mississippi 1,147 20,050 33,760 2,126 2,025 187,258 21

North Carolina 3,111 55,743 76,568 5,434 5,181 597,360 58

South Carolina 1,522 26,742 42,293 2,661 2,534 328,606 29

Tennessee 1,884 36,756 54,089 3,637 3,467 388,496 38

Virginia 2,329 41,169 56,092 4,132 3,937 448,264 45

West Virginia 410 7,529 17,333 957 905 106,610 9

Total SESARM 23,308 404,091 630,558 41,489 39,517 4,674,012 449

State

Percentage of Regional Total

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM25-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 6.4 6.6 7.9 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.7

Florida 28.8 27.0 30.8 27.8 27.8 30.6 29.9

Georgia 13.2 12.8 11.1 12.8 12.8 13.5 12.6

Kentucky 7.0 7.1 5.8 6.9 7.0 5.1 6.2

Mississippi 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.1 4.0 4.7

North Carolina 13.3 13.8 12.1 13.1 13.1 12.8 13.0

South Carolina 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.4 7.0 6.6

Tennessee 8.1 9.1 8.6 8.8 8.8 8.3 8.4

Virginia 10.0 10.2 8.9 10.0 10.0 9.6 10.0

West Virginia 1.8 1.9 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
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Table IV-9. Draft 2007 Aircraft Emission Estimates by State

State

Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM25-PRI CO

Alabama 48 413 891 192 135 10,015 

Florida 991 10,734 5,060 982 740 55,189 

Georgia 597 5,733 2,277 449 352 25,318 

Kentucky 219 2,256 918 200 151 11,350 

Mississippi 25 212 665 142 99 7,292 

North Carolina 369 3,498 2,470 517 421 22,292 

South Carolina 68 584 930 201 143 10,682 

Tennessee 352 4,040 1,624 288 224 16,129 

Virginia 410 5,396 2,850 831 585 22,489 

West Virginia 7 55 257 56 39 2,891 

Total SESARM 3,088 32,919 17,941 3,857 2,889 183,647 

State

Percentage of Regional Total

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM25-PRI CO

Alabama 1.6 1.3 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.5

Florida 32.1 32.6 28.2 25.5 25.6 30.1

Georgia 19.3 17.4 12.7 11.6 12.2 13.8

Kentucky 7.1 6.9 5.1 5.2 5.2 6.2

Mississippi 0.8 0.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 4.0

North Carolina 12.0 10.6 13.8 13.4 14.6 12.1

South Carolina 2.2 1.8 5.2 5.2 4.9 5.8

Tennessee 11.4 12.3 9.0 7.5 7.8 8.8

Virginia 13.3 16.4 15.9 21.6 20.3 12.2

West Virginia 0.2 0.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100
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Table IV-10. Draft 2007 Commercial Marine Vessel Emission Estimates by State

State

Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM25-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 1,739 18,554 411 726 699 3,723 8

Florida 18,146 48,271 1,261 2,971 2,778 7,014 29

Georgia 2,044 10,582 257 476 456 1,845 5

Kentucky 1,015 15,726 338 576 558 3,009 11

Mississippi 1,784 18,119 401 710 683 3,368 10

North Carolina 1,846 4,233 109 222 209 670 2

South Carolina 1,289 1,946 109 138 123 220 1

Tennessee 636 9,833 220 359 349 1,890 5

Virginia 4,096 21,954 525 967 923 3,762 10

West Virginia 1,420 21,985 472 805 780 4,207 10

Total SESARM 34,016 171,202 4,104 7,950 7,559 29,707 90

State

Percentage of Regional Total

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM25-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 5.1 10.8 10.0 9.1 9.3 12.5 9.0

Florida 53.3 28.2 30.7 37.4 36.8 23.6 31.9

Georgia 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.2 5.0

Kentucky 3.0 9.2 8.2 7.2 7.4 10.1 12.1

Mississippi 5.2 10.6 9.8 8.9 9.0 11.3 10.8

North Carolina 5.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.3

South Carolina 3.8 1.1 2.6 1.7 1.6 0.7 0.9

Tennessee 1.9 5.7 5.4 4.5 4.6 6.4 6.0

Virginia 12.0 12.8 12.8 12.2 12.2 12.7 11.1

West Virginia 4.2 12.8 11.5 10.1 10.3 14.2 10.9

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
PECHAN April 2010

61 Draft Report

Table IV-11. Draft 2007 Locomotive Emission Estimates by State*

State

Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM25-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 185 16,603 878 559 514 2,379 7

Florida 165 10,463 509 322 298 1,360 4

Georgia 237 22,338 1,176 748 688 3,182 10

Kentucky 166 15,909 823 524 482 2,243 7

Mississippi 126 9,410 453 289 265 1,232 4

North Carolina 130 10,487 539 344 317 1,484 5

South Carolina 95 8,444 441 280 258 1,198 4

Tennessee 200 16,630 890 560 516 2,410 7

Virginia 1,363 19,624 858 579 530 2,414 8

West Virginia 208 12,488 636 406 373 1,725 6

Total SESARM 2,875 142,398 7,203 4,611 4,241 19,626 62

*Locomotive inventory does not include switchyard emissions

State

Percentage of Regional Total

SO2 NOx VOC PM10-PRI PM25-PRI CO NH3

Alabama 6.4 11.7 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1

Florida 5.7 7.3 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.8

Georgia 8.2 15.7 16.3 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2

Kentucky 5.8 11.2 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4

Mississippi 4.4 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3

North Carolina 4.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.5

South Carolina 3.3 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1

Tennessee 7.0 11.7 12.4 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.2

Virginia 47.4 13.8 11.9 12.6 12.5 12.3 12.3

West Virginia 7.2 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 9.1

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
PECHAN April 2010

62 Draft Report

V. REFERENCES

ACE, 2010. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Navigation Data Center, U.S. Waterways Data, 

Principal Port commodity tonnage for 2005 and 2007, available at 

http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/ndc/db/pport/dbf, accessed on January 2010.

Census, 2009a: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 County Business Patterns, U.S. Department of 

Commerce, accessed from http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/index.html, March 2009. 

Census, 2009b: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 Census of Governments, U.S. Department of 

Commerce, accessed from http://www.census.gov/govs/apes/historical_data_2006.html, 

April 2009.

DOE, 2009a. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, ―Petroleum 

Navigator- Total Distillate Sales/Deliveries to Railroad Consumers (Thousand Gallons)," 

http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821dst_dcu_nus_a.htm, December 2009.

DOE, 2009b. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 

―Transportation Energy Data Book: Tables A.13 and A.15, 

http://cta.ornl.gov/data/appendix_a.shtml, 2009.

EIA, 2008a. Energy Information Administration, ―Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by 

Destination State, Consumer, Origin and Method of Transportation, 2007,‖ U.S. 

Department of Energy, available from 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/coaldistrib/2007/d_07state.pdf, issued December 

2008.

EIA, 2008b: Energy Information Administration, ―Quarterly Coal Report, October–December 

2007,‖ DOE/EIA-0121 (2007/04Q), U.S. Department of Energy, available from 

http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/coal/qcr/0121074q.pdf, issued March 2008.

EIA, 2008c: Energy Information Administration, ―Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin

State, Consumer, Destination and Method of Transportation, 2007,‖ U.S. Department of 

Energy, available from 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/coaldistrib/2007/o_07state.pdf, issued December 

2008.

EIA, 2009a. Energy Information Administration, ―State Energy Data System (SEDS): 

Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates,‖ U.S. Department of Energy, accessed 

from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html, accessed December 2009.

EIA, 2009b. Energy Information Administration, ―Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales,‖ U.S. 

Department of Energy, accessed from 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_s

ales/historical/2002/foks_2002.html, accessed December 2009.
PECHAN April 2010

63 Draft Report

EIA, 2009c. Energy Information Administration, ―2006 Energy Consumption by 

Manufacturers Data Tables,‖ 2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, U.S. 

Department of Energy, accessed from 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs/mecs2006/2006tables.html, issued June 2009.

EIA, 2009d. Energy Information Administration, ―Annual Energy Outlook 2010 Early Release 

Overview,‖ Department of Energy, accessed from 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/index.html, released December 2009.

EPA, 2003a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ―Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis: 

Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines,‖ EPA420-R-03-008, Office of 

Transportation and Air Quality, April 2003.

EPA, 2003b: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, AP 42, Compilation of Air Pollutant 

Emission Factors, Fifth Edition, ―Volume I, Chapter 1: External Combustion Sources, 

Section 1.6-Wood Residue in Combustion Boilers,‖ accessed from 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/final/c01s06.pdf, September 2003.

EPA, 2008a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ―Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of 

Emissions of Air Pollution from Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression Ignition 

Engines Less than 30 Liters Per Cylinder,‖ EPA420-R-08-001a, Assessment and Standards 

Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, May 2008

EPA, 2008b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ―Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of 

Emissions of Air Pollution from Category 3 Marine Diesel Engines, Chapter 3 Emission 

Inventory,‖ EPA-420-R-09-019, Assessment and Standards Division Office of 

Transportation and Air, December 2008.

EPA, 2010. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EGAS Version 5.0, available for download 

from http://www.epa.gov/ttnecas1/egas5.htm, accessed March 2010.

ERG, 2009a. Eastern Research Group, ―Documentation for Aircraft Component of the National 

Emissions Inventory Methodology,‖ prepared under subcontract to E.H. Pechan and 

Associates, Inc. for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emissions, Monitoring and 

Analysis Division, December 15, 2009.

ERG, 2009b. Eastern Research Group, ―Documentation for Commercial Marine Vessel 

Component of the National Emissions Inventory Methodology,‖ prepared under 

subcontract to E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. for U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division, December 15, 2009.

ERTAC, 2010a. Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee, 2007 Class I line haul 

emissions, transmitted in file ―EmissionsByCounty_Round6.xls‖ in email entitled 

―ERTAC update/Class I emissions,‖ from M. Bergin, ERTAC to K. Thesing, E.H. Pechan 

& Associates, Inc., March 23, 2010.
PECHAN April 2010

64 Draft Report

ERTAC, 2010b. Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee, 2008 Class II/III line haul 

Emissions, transmitted in file ―ClassII_III_v4.xls‖ in email entitled ―Class II/III 

Spreadsheet with Reporting Marks,‖ from M. Janssen, LADCO to ERTAC distribution list, 

March 1, 2010.

FAA, 2010. Federal Aviation Administration, ―2007 and 2008 LTO operations by SESARM 

State,‖ obtained from Air Traffic Activity System, 

http://aspm.faa.gov/opsnet/sys/Main.asp?force=atads, February 2010.

Huntley, 2009. Huntley, Roy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ―SCCs & emission 

factors to be used in 2008 NEI to Bollman May 1 2009.mdb [electronic file],‖ May 1, 

2009.

Lorenz, 2009. Lorenz, Thomas, Energy Information Administration, personal communication 

with Jonathan Dorn, E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., September 29, 2009.

Pechan, 2004: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. ―Estimating Ammonia Emissions from 

Anthropogenic Nonagricultural Sources - Draft Final Report,‖ prepared for the Emission 

Inventory Improvement Program, April 2004.

Pechan, 2009a. E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., ―Non-Road and Area Source Base Year and 

Future Year Emissions Inventories Technical Memorandum #1: Base Year Inventory –

Summary of 2008 NEI Efforts,‖ prepared for Southeastern States Air Resource Managers, 

Inc., September 14, 2009.

Pechan, 2009b. E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., ―Evaluation of ICI Combustion Coal Sulfur 

Content, Technical Memorandum,‖ prepared for Central Air Planning Association, 

March 28, 2009.

Pechan, 2009c. E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., ―Area Source Base Year and Future Year 

Emissions Inventories Technical Memorandum #2: Planned Refinements To Base Year 

Inventory Data,‖ prepared for Southeastern States Air Resource Managers, Inc., 

December 6, 2009.

Pechan, 2009d. E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., ―Instructions To SESARM States For 

Updating EPA’s National Mobile Inventory Model 2007 County-Level Database, 

Technical Memorandum,‖ prepared for SESARM, September 18, 2009.
ERG No.: 0245.02.302.001 

Contract No.: EP-D-07-097 

Documentation for Aircraft Component of the National Emissions Inventory 

Methodology 

Prepared by: 

Eastern Research Group 

1600 Perimeter Park Drive 

Morrisville, North Carolina 27560 

Under Contract to: 

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. 

3622 Lyckan Parkway 

Suite 2002 

Durham, North Carolina 27707 

For Submittal to: 

Laurel Driver 

Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 

December 15, 2009 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Section Page No. 

1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1-1 

1.1 What is the National Emission Inventory? .......................................................... 1-1 

1.2 Why Did the EPA Create the NEI?...................................................................... 1-1 

1.3 How is the EPA Going to Use This Version of the NEI?....................................1-1 

1.4 Report Organization............................................................................................. 1-2 

2.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT COMPONENT FOR THE NEI.....................2-1 

2.1 How does this aircraft study fit into the NEI? ..................................................... 2-1 

2.2 What are Aircraft Sources?................................................................................ 2-10 

2.3 What Pollutants are Included in the National Emission Estimates 

for Aircraft? ....................................................................................................... 2-10 

2.4 How Were the Aircraft Emissions Estimated? .................................................. 2-11 

2.5 How Were Emissions Allocated? ...................................................................... 2-16 

2.6 QA/QC............................................................................................................... 2-16 

2.7 What are the Results?......................................................................................... 2-16 

2.8 Aircraft References............................................................................................ 2-19 

Appendix A – Generic Aircraft Emission Factors 

Appendix B – Calculating Aviation Gasoline Lead Emissions in the Draft 2008 NEI 

Appendix C – Lead Emissions from the use of Leaded Aviation Gasoline in the United States 

i 
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES 

Tables Page No. 

Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for ....................................... 2-2 

Nonroad Mobile Sources .............................................................................................................2-2 

Table 2-2. Aircraft Pollutant List...............................................................................................2-11 

Table 2-3. National-Scale GSE Engine Distribution ................................................................. 2-13 

Table 2-3. Aircraft Criteria Emission Estimates 2008 (tons per year) ...................................... 2-17 

Table 2-4. Aircraft HAP Emission Estimates 2008 (tons per year............................................ 2-17 

Figures Page No. 

Figure 2-1. Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Commercial Air Carriers.................... 2-15 

Figure 2-2. Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Commercial Air Taxis and General 

Aviation......................................................................................................................................2-15 

 

ii 
1.0 INTRODUCTION 

1.1 What is the National Emission Inventory? 

 The National Emission Inventory (NEI) is a comprehensive inventory covering all 

anthropogenic sources of criteria pollutants and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) for all areas of 

the United States. The NEI was created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 

Emission Inventory and Analysis Group (EIAG) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The 

NEI will be used to support air quality modeling and other activities. To this end, the EPA 

established a goal to compile comprehensive emissions data in the NEI for criteria and HAPs for 

mobile, point, and nonpoint sources. This report presents an overview of how emission estimates 

for the aircraft component of the NEI were compiled. 

1.2 Why Did the EPA Create the NEI? 

 The Clean Air Act (CAA), as amended in 1990, includes mandates for the EPA related to 

criteria and hazardous air pollutants. The CAA defines criteria pollutants as being one of the 

following air pollutants: 

• Carbon monoxide (CO); 

• Sulfur oxides (SOx); 

• Nitrogen oxides (NOx); 

• Ozone; and 

• Particulate matter (PM). 

 Hazardous air pollutants are also delineated in the CAA, see 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/188polls.html for a complete list of regulated pollutants and their 

chemical abstract service [CAS] numbers. 

 The CAA requires the EPA to identify emission sources of these pollutants, quantify 

emissions, develop regulations for the identified source categories, and assess the public health 

and environmental impacts after the regulations are put into effect. The NEI is a tool that EPA 

can use to meet the CAA mandates. In this report, criteria and HAP emission estimates are 

discussed for aircraft sources. 

1.3 How is the EPA Going to Use This Version of the NEI? 

 It is anticipated that the emission inventory developed from this effort will have multiple 

end uses. The data have been formatted according to protocols established for the EPA’s NEI 

submittals. The common data structure on which the NEI platform is based will allow the NEI 

emission data to be transferred to multiple end-users for a variety of purposes. 

1-1 
The criteria and HAP emission estimates developed for the NEI will be used to evaluate 

air pollution trends, air quality modeling analysis, and impacts of potential regulations. 

1.4 Report Organization 

 Following this introduction, Section 2.0 provides information on how the national aircraft 

emission estimates were developed. This inventory effort was coordinated by the EPA’s Office 

of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) and EIAG. The appendix were created to provide the 

supporting references from OTAQ. 

1-2 
2.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT COMPONENT FOR THE 

NEI 

2.1 How does this aircraft study fit into the NEI? 

 The NEI was developed to include all point, nonpoint (sometimes referenced as "area"), 

and mobile sources. The approaches used in the point and nonpoint source categories are 

documented in other reports. Table 2-1 summarizes the approaches used to estimate emissions 

from all nonroad sources included in the NEI program. Those source categories and years that 

are included in this report are noted in bold. 

 The scope of this inventory component of the NEI was to compile criteria and HAP 

emissions data for aircraft operating in United States air space. In this effort, national emission 

estimates were often developed as point sources for each airport. The methodologies used to 

estimate emissions are discussed in this report. 

The target inventory area includes every state in the United States and every county 

within a state. There are no boundary limitations pertaining to traditional criteria pollutant 

nonattainment areas or to designated urban areas. The pollutants inventoried included all criteria 

pollutants (and the 188 HAPs identified in Section 112(b) of the CAA 

 In addition to numerous specific chemical compounds, the list of 188 HAPs includes 

several compound groups [e.g., individual metals and their compounds, polycyclic organic 

matter (POM)]; the NEI includes emission estimates for the individual compounds wherever 

possible. Many of the uses of the NEI depend upon data (e.g., toxicity) for individual compounds 

within these groups rather than aggregated data on each group as a whole. 

 The intent in presenting the following emission inventory approach is to provide 

sufficient and transparent documentation such that states and local agencies can use these 

approaches, in conjunction with their specific local activity data to develop more accurate and 

comparable emission estimates in future submittals. 

2-1 
Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for 

Nonroad Mobile Sources 

(Categories included in this report are noted in bold print) 

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

NONROAD Categories

Nonroad 

Gasoline, 

Diesel, LPG, 

CNG 

2002 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5, 

NH3, & HAPs 

Emission estimates for NONROAD model 

engines were developed using EPA’s National 

Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM), which 

incorporates NONROAD2004. Where states 

provided alternate nonroad inputs, these data 

replaced EPA default inputs. State-supplied 

emissions data also replaced default EPA 

emission estimates. 

1999 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Using emission estimates from two emission 

inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level 

inventory, developed using EPA’s October 

2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) an 

updated 1999 national inventory, based on 

EPA’s draft Lockdown C NONROAD model 

(dated May 2002). Using the 1996 county-level 

emission estimates, seasonal and daily countyto-national ratios were then developed for 

application to updated national estimates per 

season estimated from the Lockdown C model. 

Replaced State-submitted data for California for 

all NONROAD model categories; Pennsylvania 

for recreational marine and aircraft ground 

support equipment, and Texas for select 

equipment categories. 

1996, 1997, 

1998, 2000 

& 2001 

VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Using emission estimates from two emission 

inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level 

inventory, developed using EPA’s October 

2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) updated 

year-specific national and California 

inventories, based on EPA’s draft Lockdown C 

NONROAD model (dated May 2002). Using 

the 1996 county-level emission estimates, 

seasonal and daily county-to-national ratios and 

California county-to-state ratios were then 

developed for application to updated national 

estimates per season estimated from the 

Lockdown C model. California results replace 

the diesel equipment emissions generated from 

prior application of county-to-national ratios. 

2-2 
Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for 

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this report are noted in bold print) 

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

Nonroad 

Gasoline, 

Diesel, LPG, 

and CNG 

(Continued) 

1991-1995 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5, 

NH3 

Using 1990 and 1996 county-level emissions 

inventories, estimated emissions using linear 

interpolation of national emissions between 

1990 and 1996. From these emissions, 

calculated the average annual growth rate for 

each pollutant/SCC combination for each year, 

and then applied the growth factors to 1990 

county-level emissions to estimate 1991-1995 

emissions. 

1990 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Using emission estimates from two emission 

inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level 

inventory, developed using EPA’s October 

2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) updated 

1990 national inventory, based on EPA’s draft 

Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May 

2002). Using the 1996 county-level emission 

estimates, seasonal and daily county-to-national 

ratios were then developed for application to 

updated national estimates per season estimated 

from the Lockdown C model. 

1986, 1988, 

& 1989 

VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5, 

NH3 

Using 1985 and 1990 county-level emissions 

inventories, estimated emissions using linear 

interpolation of national emissions between 

1985 and 1990. From these emissions, 

calculated the average annual growth rate for 

each pollutant/SCC combination for each year, 

and then applied the growth factors to 1985 

county-level emissions to estimate 1986-1989 

emissions. 

1987 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Using EPA’s draft Lockdown C NONROAD 

model (dated May 2002), developed updated 

national emissions for 1987 by running 4 

seasonal NONROAD model runs to estimate 

annual criteria pollutant emissions. Also 

performed national NONROAD model runs to 

estimate typical summer weekday emissions. 

2-3 
Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for 

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this report are noted in bold print) 

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

Nonroad 

Gasoline, 

Diesel, LPG, 

and CNG 

(Continued) 

1985 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Using emission estimates from two emission 

inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level 

inventory, developed using EPA’s October 

2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) updated 

1985 national inventory, based on EPA’s draft 

Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May 

2002). Using the 1996 county-level emission 

estimates, seasonal and daily county-to-national 

ratios were then developed for application to 

updated national estimates per season estimated 

from the Lockdown C model. 

1970, 1975, 

1978, & 

1980 

VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Using EPA’s draft Lockdown C NONROAD 

model (dated May 2002), developed updated 

national emissions for all years by running 4 

seasonal NONROAD model runs to estimate 

annual criteria pollutant emissions. Also 

performed national NONROAD model runs to 

estimate typical summer weekday emissions. 

1996, 1997, 

1998, 1999, 

2000, & 

2001 

NH3 Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates 

from the Lockdown C NONROAD model, 

multiplying by NH3 emission factors, and 

distributing to counties using 1996 inventory, 

based on October 2001 draft NONROAD. NH3

emissions for California were also recalculated 

using updated diesel fuel consumption values 

generated for California-specific runs, and 

assuming the 1996 county-level distribution. 

1985 & 1990NH3 Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates 

from the Lockdown C NONROAD model, 

multiplying by NH3 emission factors, and 

distributing to counties using 1996 inventory, 

based on October 2001 draft NONROAD. 

1987 NH3 Obtaining 1987 national fuel consumption 

estimates from Lockdown C NONROAD model 

and multiplying by NH3 emission factors. 

2-4 
Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for 

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this report are noted in bold print) 

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

Nonroad 

Gasoline, 

Diesel, LPG, 

and CNG 

(Continued) 

1970, 1975, 

1978, & 

1980 

NH3 Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates 

from the Lockdown C NONROAD model and 

multiplying by NH3 emission factors. 

1990, 1996, 

& 1999 

HAPs Speciation profiles applied to county VOC and 

PM estimates. Metal HAPs were calculated 

using fuel and activity-based emission factors. 

Some state data were provided and replaced 

national estimates. (2003) 

Aircraft

Commercial 

Aircraft 

2008 Criteria and 

HAPs 

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 

Emissions and Dispersion and Modeling 

System (EDMS) - Version 5.1.was run using 

BTS T-100 LTO data. (2009) 

2002 Criteria and HAPsFederal Aviation Administration (FAA) 

Emissions and Dispersion and Modeling System

(EDMS) was run for criteria pollutants, VOC 

and PM emissions were speciated into HAP 

components. (2004) 

1990, 1996, 

1999, 2000, 

2001 

VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOx

Input landing and take-off (LTO) data into FAA 

EDMS. National emissions were assigned to 

airports based on airport specific LTO data and 

BTS GIS data. State data replaced national 

estimates. (2003) 

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOx

Estimated emissions for interim years using 

linear interpolation between available base 

years. (2003) 

1990, 1996, 

1999 

HAPs Speciation profiles were applied to VOC 

estimates to get national HAP estimates. State 

data replaced national estimates. (2003) 

General 

Aviation, Air 

Taxis 

2008 Criteria and 

HAPs 

Used FAA LTO data from TAF and OTAQ 

provided activity data for smaller airports 

derived from FAA 5010 master plans. EPA 

approved generic emission factors for 

criteria estimates. Speciation profiles were 

applied to VOC and PM estimates to get 

national HAP estimates. (2009) 

2-5 
Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for 

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this report are noted in bold print) 

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

General 

Aviation, Air 

Taxis 

(Continued) 

1978, 1987, 

1990, 1996, 

1999, 2000, 

2001, & 

2002 

VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved 

emission factors for criteria estimates. 

Speciation profiles were applied to VOC 

estimates to get national HAP estimates. State 

data replaced national estimates. (2004) 

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOx, PM10, PM2.5

Estimated emissions for interim years using 

linear interpolation between available base 

years. (2003) 

1990, 1996, 

1999, & 

2002 

HAPs Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved 

emission factors for criteria estimates. 

Speciation profiles were applied to VOC 

estimates to develop national HAP estimates. 

(2004) 

1990, 1996, 

1999, & 

2002 

Pb Used Department of Energy (DOE) aviation 

gasoline usage data with lead concentration of 

aviation gasoline. (2004) 

1996 NH3 Applied NH3 emissions factors to 1996 national 

jet fuel and aviation gasoline consumption 

estimates. 

Military 

Aircraft 

1978, 1987, 

1990, 1996, 

1999, 2000, 

2001, 2002, 

2008 

VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Used FAA LTO data as reported in TAF and

EPA approved emission factors for criteria 

estimates. Representative HAP profiles were 

not readily available, therefore HAP 

estimates were not developed. (2009) 

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOX, PM10, PM2.5

Estimated emissions for interim years using 

linear interpolation between available base 

years. (2003) 

Auxiliary 

Power Units 

and Ground 

Support 

Equipment 

2008 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, 

PM2.5, HAPs 

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 

Emissions and Dispersion and Modeling 

System (EDMS) - Version 5.1.was run using 

BTS T-100 LTO data. (2009) 

1985-2001 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Grew 1996 emissions to each year using LTO 

operations data from the FAA. Estimation 

methods prior to 1996 reported in EPA, 1998. 

Unpaved 

Airstrips1

1985-2001 PM10, PM2.5 Grew 1996 emissions to each year using SIC 

45-Air Transportation growth factors, consistent 

with the current draft version of EGAS. 

Estimation methods prior to 1996 reported in 

EPA, 1998. 

2-6 
Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for 

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this report are noted in bold print) 

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

Aircraft 

Refueling1

1985-2001 VOC Grew 1996 emissions to each year using SIC 

45-Air Transportation growth factors, consistent 

with the current draft version of EGAS. 

Estimation methods prior to 1996 reported in 

EPA, 1998. 

Commercial Marine Vessel (CMV)

All CMV 

Categories 

2008 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

2002 estimates were adjusted by OTAQ to 

reflect 2008 activity levels., note that the SCCs 

for this category have changed such that the 

Diesel category refers to smaller vessels 

(Category 1 and 2) using distillate fuels and the 

Residual category refers to larger (Category 3) 

vessel using a blend of residual fuels (2009) 

2008 HAPs OTAQ’s 2008 estimates were speciated into 

HAP components using SEPA profiles 

2002 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

2001 Estimates carried over. Used state data 

when provided. (2004) 

HAPs 1999 Estimates carried over. Used state data 

when provided. (2004) 

CMV Diesel 1978, 1987, 

1990, 1996, 

1999, 2000, 

& 2001 

VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOx, PM10, & 

PM2.5 

Used criteria emission estimates in the 

background document for marine diesel 

regulations for 2000. Adjusted 2000 criteria 

emission estimates for other used based on fuel 

usage. Emissions were disaggregated into port 

traffic and underway activities. Port emissions 

were assigned to specific ports based on amount 

of cargo handled. Underway emissions were 

allocated based on Army Corp of Engineering 

waterway data. State data replaced national 

estimates. (2003) 

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOx, PM10, PM2.5

Estimated emissions for interim years using 

linear interpolation between available base 

years. (2003) 

1990, 1996, 

1999 

HAPs VOC and PM emission estimates were 

speciated into HAP components. State data 

replaced national estimates. (2003) 

1996 NH3 Applied NH3 emissions factors to 1996 

distillate and residual fuel oil estimates (i.e., as 

reported in EIA, 1996). 

2-7 
Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for 

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this report are noted in bold print) 

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

CMV Diesel 1990-1995 NH3 Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998. 

CMV Steam 

Powered 

1978, 1987, 

1990, 1996, 

1999, 2000, 

& 2001 

VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOx, PM10, & 

PM2.5

Calculated criteria emissions based on EPA SIP 

guidance. Emissions were disaggregated into port 

traffic and under way activities. Port emissions 

were assigned to specific ports based on amount 

of cargo handled. Underway emissions were 

allocated based on Army Corp of Engineering 

waterway data. State data replaced national 

estimates. (2003) 

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOx, PM10, PM2.5

Estimated emissions for interim years using 

linear interpolation between available base years. 

(2003) 

1990, 1996, 

& 1999 

HAPs VOC and PM emission estimates were speciated 

into HAP components. State data replaced 

national estimates. (2003) 

Military Marine 1997-2001 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Applied EGAS growth factors to 1996 emissions 

estimates for this category. 

CMV Coal,2

CMV, Steam 

powered, CMV 

Gasoline2

1997-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Applied EGAS growth factors to 1996 emissions 

estimates for this category. 

CM Coal, 

CMV, Steam 

powered, CMV 

Gasoline, 

Military Marine 

1991-1995 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SO2, PM10, PM2.5

Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998. 

Locomotives

Class I, Class 

II, Commuter, 

Passenger, and 

Yard 

Locomotives 

1978, 1987, 

1990, 1996, 

1999, 2000, 

2000, & 

2002 

VOC, NOx, CO, 

PM10, PM2.5

Criteria pollutants were estimated by using 

locomotive fuel use data from DOE EIA and 

available emission factors. County-level 

estimates were obtained by scaling the national 

estimates with the rail GIS data from DOT. State 

data replaced national estimates. (2004) 

1978, 1987, 

1990, 1996, 

1999, 2000, 

2001, & 

2002 

SO2 SOx emissions were calculated by using 

locomotive fuel use and fuel sulfur concentration 

data from EIA. County-level estimates were 

obtained by scaling the national estimates with 

the county level rail activity data from DOT. 

State data replaced national estimates. (2004) 

2-8 
Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for 

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this report are noted in bold print) 

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

1970-1998 VOC, NOx, CO, 

SOx, PM10, PM2.5

Estimated emissions for interim years using 

linear interpolation between available base 

years. (2003) 

1990, 1996, 

1999, & 

2002 

HAPs HAP emissions were calculated by applying 

speciation profiles to VOC and PM estimates. 

County-level estimates were obtained by 

scaling the national estimates with the county 

level rail activity from DOT. State data replaced 

national estimates. (2004) 

1997-1998 NH3 Grew 1996 base year emissions using EGAS 

growth indicators. 

1996 NH3 Applied NH3 emissions factors to diesel 

consumption estimates for 1996. 

1990-1995 NH3 Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998. 

Notes: 

* Dates included at the end of Estimation Method represent the year that the section was revised. 

1 Emission estimates for unpaved airstrips and aircraft refueling are included in the area source NEI, 

since they represent non-engine emissions. 

2 National Emission estimates for CMV Coal and CMV Gasoline were not developed though states and 

local agencies may have submitted estimates for these source categories. 

EPA, 1998. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 

Emission Factors and Inventory Group, National Air Pollutant Emission Trends, Procedures 

Document, 1900–1996, EPA-454/R-98-008. May 1998. 

2-9 
2.2 What are Aircraft Sources? 

The aircraft source category includes all aircraft types used for public, private, and 

military purposes. This includes four types of aircraft (EPA, 1992): 1) Commercial; 2) Air Taxis; 

3) General Aviation; and 4) Military. 

Commercial aircraft include those used for transporting passengers, freight, or both. 

Commercial aircraft tend to be larger aircraft powered with jet engines. Air Taxis (AT) carry 

passengers, freight, or both, but usually are smaller aircraft and operate on a more limited basis 

than the commercial carriers. General Aviation (GA) includes most other aircraft used for 

recreational flying and personal transportation. Aircraft that support business travel, usually on 

an unscheduled basis, are included in the category of general aviation. 

The national AT and GA fleet includes both jet and propeller-driven aircraft. Most of the 

AT and GA fleet are made up of propeller driven aircraft, though smaller business jets can also 

be found in these categories. According to a 2005 Federal Aviation Administration GA and AT 

Activity Survey, 72% of all GA and AT activity are powered by propeller-driven aircraft and 

28% are jet (or turbine) driven (FAA, 2005). EPA has used this estimate as a national-scale 

default value in recently published studies investigating lead emissions from aviation sources 

(EPA, 2008). The propeller driven aircraft tend to have higher VOC, PM, and CO emissions and 

lower NOX emissions than larger jet-powered aircraft (EPA, 1992). Military aircraft cover a wide 

range of aircraft types such as training aircraft, fighter jets, helicopters, and jet- and propellerdriven cargo planes of varying sizes. 

It should be noted that this inventory effort also includes criteria and Hazardous Air 

Pollutants (HAP) emission estimates for aircraft Auxiliary Power Units (APU) and aircraft 

Ground Support Equipment (GSE) typically found at airports, such as aircraft refueling vehicles, 

baggage handling vehicles, and equipment, aircraft towing vehicles, and passenger buses. 

2.3 What Pollutants are Included in the National Emission Estimates for Aircraft? 

Emissions estimates were developed for all criteria pollutants including volatile organic 

compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx), 

particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) 

and hazardous air pollutants (HAP) (Cook, 1997; Cook, 1998; EPA/FAA, 2009). The HAPs that 

are included in the national aircraft inventory are shown in Table 2-2 and are based on available 

test data and accepted emission estimation procedures. 

2-10 
Table 2-2. Aircraft Pollutant List 

1,3-Butadiene Carbon Dioxide Naphthalene 

1-Methylnaphthalene* Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxides 

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Chrysene* O-xylene* 

2-Methylnaphthalene* Cumene* Phenanthrene* 

Acenaphthene* Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene* Phenol 

Acenaphthylene* Ethyl Benzene PM10 Primary 

Acetaldehyde Fluoranthene* PM2.5 Primary 

Acrolein Fluorene* Propionaldehyde 

Anthracene* Formaldehyde Pyrene* 

Benz[a]Anthracene* Hexane* Styrene 

Benzene Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene* Sulfur Dioxide 

Benzo[a]Pyrene* Lead Toluene 

Benzo[b]Fluoranthene* Methane* VOCs 

Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene* Methanol* Xylene 

Benzo[k]Fluoranthene* M-xylene* 

* Added to 2008 Inventory 

2.4 How Were the Aircraft Emissions Estimated? 

EPA has developed guidance for inventorying aircraft emissions associated with an 

aircraft’s landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle. The cycle begins when the aircraft approaches the 

airport on its descent from cruising altitude, lands, taxis to the gate, and idles during passenger 

deplaning. It continues as the aircraft idles during passenger boarding, taxis back out onto the 

runway for subsequent takeoff, and ascent (climbout) to cruising altitude. Thus, the five specific 

operating modes in an LTO are (EPA, 1992): 1) Approach; 2) Taxi/idle-in; 3) Taxi/idle-out; 

4) Takeoff; and 5) Climbout. 

The LTO cycle provides a basis for calculating aircraft emissions. During each mode of 

operation, an aircraft engine operates at a fairly standard power setting for a given aircraft 

category. Emissions for one complete cycle are calculated using emission factors for each 

operating mode for each specific aircraft engine combined with the typical period of time the 

aircraft is in the operating mode. 

On March 20, 2009, the EPA posted preliminary LTO data intended to be will use to 

calculate emissions for review prior to developing the aircraft inventory. State and local agencies 

2-11 
were encouraged to review the materials posted at ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2008_nei/ and 

provide comments on any necessary corrections to: 

 

- Airport names and locations for approximately 20,000 airports to be included in the 

 Emission Inventory System (EIS) facility inventory; 

- Landing and Takeoff (LTO) information that will be used to estimate 

emissions for each airport; 

- Aircraft/engine combinations to link to FAA LTO data including default 

assumptions and AircraftEngineCodeTypes for EIS submittals; and 

- Lead estimates and lead estimation methodology. 

This preliminary review by state, local, and tribal groups of the data that EPA will be 

using to calculate those emissions will improve EPA's work and may alleviate the need for 

agencies to perform further estimation for this category themselves. EPA received comments 

from four states (i.e., Minnesota Pollution Control Agency - Environmental Analysis and 

Outcomes Division; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; Bureau of Air 

Management, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; and Wisconsin Department 

of Natural Resources) and three local agencies (i.e., Mecklenburg County North Carolina; 

Ventura County California Air Pollution Control District; and - Regional Air Pollution Control 

Agency (Dayton and Montgomery County Ohio)). 

Criteria emission estimates are presented here for four different aircraft types: 

commercial air carrier, air taxis, general aviation, and military. HAP emission estimates were 

developed for all aircraft types. 

Emissions for commercial air carriers were calculated differently than the other three 

aircraft categories (See Figure 2-1). Criteria and HAP emissions were estimated for commercial 

aircraft by processing aircraft make and model (e.g., Boeing 747-200 series) specific activity 

data from FAA’s Form 41, Schedules T100 and T100(f) Air Carrier Data in FAA’s Emissions 

and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS), Version 5.1 (DOT, 2008). Emissions were calculated 

for each airport individually using airport specific mixing height. The national-scale default 

values for taxi in and out are seven and nineteen minutes, respectfully. It should be noted that 

EDMS incorporates the latest aircraft engine emission factors from the International Civil 

Aviation Organization Engine Exhaust Emissions Data Bank. 

Emissions for GSE and APU associated with commercial air carriers were estimated by 

EDMS, using the assumptions and defaults incorportated in the model. GSE that are assigned to 

an aircraft are given times (minutes per arrival, minutes per departure) based upon the type of 

service. For example, a fuel truck servicing a large commercial aircraft will have a different 

operating time than the same fuel truck servicing a commuter aircraft. All EDMS defaults for 

GSE duration and type (e.g., fuel truck, cabin service truck, baggage belt loader) were used. GSE 

emission factors used by EDMS are derived from EPA’s NONROAD2005 model and are based 

on the following variables: fuel, brake horsepower and load factor. GSE engines burn gasoline, 

2-12 
diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). EPA has used a 

national-scale value to characterize engines type. The GSE engine distribution is shown below in 

Table 2-3. Like GSE, APU emissions are the product of operating time. The purpose of an 

aircraft APU is to provide power to start the main engines and run the heating, cooling, and 

ventilation systems prior to starting the main engines. 

Table 2-3. National-Scale GSE Engine Distribution 

GSE Engines Type Percent of 

Total 

Gasoline Fired, 4-Stroke 16.9 

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Fired 1.65 

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fired 1.25 

Diesel Fired 80.2 

Emissions of criteria pollutants for air taxis, general aviation, and military aircraft were 

calculated by combining aircraft operations data from FAA’s Terminal Area Forecasts (TAF) 

and 5010 Forms, and dividing activity into jet and propeller-driven fractions, and applying 

emission factors as appropriate (See Figure 2-2). HAP emission estimates for air taxis, general 

aviation, and military aircraft were estimated by applying speciation profiles to VOC or PM10

emissions estimates. The following equation was used (emission factor are included as Appendix 

A). 

Eixj = LTOi × FRpro-i × EFij

Where: 

Eixj = Emission estimate for aircraft type i equipped with engine type x 

and pollutant j (lbs/year) 

LTOi = Annual count of LTO cycles for aircraft type i 

FRx = Fraction of LTOs equipped with engine type x 

EFij = Generic emission factor for aircraft type i equipped with engine 

type x and pollutant j (lbs/LTO) 

i = Aircraft type (i.e., air taxi, general aviation, and military) 

x = Engine type (i.e., jet or turboprop, and piston engine) 

j = Criteria pollutant j 

Lead emission estimates were handled differently. Lead emissions are primarily 

associated with leaded aviation fuel used in piston driven aircraft associated with general 

aviation. Lead emissions per LTO are calculated using the following equation: 

Pb(kg) = (piston-engine LTO) (7.34 g Pb/LTO) (0.95) / 1,000 (g/kg) 

2-13 
Where the lead content of aviation gasoline is assumed to be 0.56 grams per liter or 2.12 

grams per gallon. For additional details on EPA lead emission calculation procedures see 

Technical Support Document EPA420-R-08-020 published October 2008 and Calculating 

Aviation Gasoline Lead Emissions in the Draft 2008 NEI published December 2009. 

HAP emission estimates 

Representative HAP emission factors were used to estimate the individual chemical 

species for each aircraft type. The profiles are used to split (or speciate) organic gases, 

hydrocarbons, and particulate matter emissions estimates into more defined HAP compounds. 

The following equation was used: 

Eixj = LTOix × SPixj

Where: 

Eixj = Emission estimate for aircraft type i equipped with engine type x 

and pollutant j (tons/year) 

LTOix = Annual count of LTO cycles for aircraft type i and engine type x 

SPixj = Generic speciation profiles for aircraft type i equipped with engine 

type x and pollutant j (tons/LTO) 

i = Aircraft type (i.e., air taxi, general aviation, and military) 

x = Engine type (i.e., jet or turboprop, and piston engine) 

j = Pollutant j 

Appendix B and C contains detailed documentation of how emissions were estimated for 

all aircraft types. The documentation is not meant to provide an exhaustive analysis on the 

derivation of all the inputs. For example, an emission factor used for a national estimate may be 

given in the appendix, but the source test data that were evaluated to obtain this factor may not 

be presented or discussed. The goal of the documentation provided is to show in a brief and 

concise manner how a given estimate was derived. 

2-14 
Criteria and 

HAP Pollutant 

Emission 

Estimates

FAA

EDMS 5.1

DOT Foreign 

and Domestic

LTO Data

(T100)

Apportion Emissions Based on 

Airport Activity Data for 

Commercial Aircraft

(2008 emissions were calculated 

for each airport individually)

Criteria and 

HAP Pollutant 

Emission 

Estimates

FAA

EDMS 5.1

DOT Foreign 

and Domestic

LTO Data

(T100)

Apportion Emissions Based on 

Airport Activity Data for 

Commercial Aircraft

(2008 emissions were calculated 

for each airport individually)

Figure 2-1. Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Commercial Air Carriers 

Split into: 

Jet-Propelled and 

Piston-Driven 

Aircraft

FAA LTO Data 

for Air Taxis 

and General 

Aviation

(5010 and TAF)

Apply Criteria and 

HAP Pollutant 

Emission Factors

Apportion 

Emissions Based 

on Airport Activity 

for Air Taxis and 

General Aviation

Split into: 

Jet-Propelled and 

Piston-Driven 

Aircraft

FAA LTO Data 

for Air Taxis 

and General 

Aviation

(5010 and TAF)

Apply Criteria and 

HAP Pollutant 

Emission Factors

Apportion 

Emissions Based 

on Airport Activity 

for Air Taxis and 

General Aviation

Figure 2-2. Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Commercial Air Taxis and 

General Aviation 

2-15 
2-16 

2.5 How Were Emissions Allocated? 

For the 2008 inventory, emissions were individually estimated for each airport. A GIS 

database obtained from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) contained airport level data 

with latitude and longitude coordinates. Note, that prior to 2002, national aircraft emission 

estimates were allocated to individual counties using airport activity data derived from the FAA 

TAF database. 

2.6 QA/QC 

Given the significant methodological changes over previous inventory efforts, several 

quality checks were implemented to ensure that these data were developed and allocated in a 

clear and reproducible manner. Some of the quality checks implemented include the following: 

Emissions allocations and estimations 

• All original data importations and transcriptions into the database were double-checked 

for errors. 

• All calculation methods and approaches were evaluated for technical soundness. 

• All unit conversions and equations used to generate results were double-checked for 

errors. 

• All sources of original data are referenced in the spreadsheet. 

• Emission factors were compiled from a variety of sources. Each emission factor 

development methodologies were evaluated to identify the most accurate emission factor 

for use in this inventory effort. 

• Emission sums were evaluated across activity types (e.g., Aircraft, APU, and GSE) to 

ensure they consistently mirror LTO activity levels. 

• 2008 pollutants and emissions were checked against the 2005 inventory to identify any 

missing pollutants or major changes compared to previous inventories. Discrepancies 

were investigated and revisions were made as needed. 

• The validity of SCC codes, FIP county codes, and pollutant codes were confirmed. 

• The validity of Airport and plane identification codes were confirmed. 

2.7 What are the Results? 

Table 2-3 summarizes the emission estimates for Aircraft, ground support equipment and 

APUs for criteria pollutants. Table 2-4 summarizes the emission estimates for individual HAPs. 

Both tables aggregate the data for all states, including the District of Columbia. Note that the 

2008 estimates do not include state submitted data. 
Table 2-3. Aircraft Criteria Emission Estimates 2008 (tons per year) 

2008 

Pollutant Military 

(2275001000) 

Commercial 

(2275020000) 

GA, Piston 

(2275050011)

GA, Turbine

(2275050012)

AT, Piston 

(2275060011)

AT, Turbine

(2275060012)

GSE, Gas 

(2265008005)

GSE, LPG 

(2267008005)

GSE, C

(226800

CO 44.6 70,201 338,677 130,315 59,710 27,045 17,999 1,768 NOX 8.77 98,193 2,192 756 335 1,317 1,926 189 PM10-PRI 0 1,529 6,539 2,537 1,280 498 55.8 5.48 PM2.5-PRI 0 1,529 4,516 1,750 883 344 53.5 5.26 SO2 1.98 9,761 322 124 31.9 219 53.2 5.22 VOC 23.8 12,229 229 43,370 2.45 4,867 615 60.5 

Table 2-4. Aircraft HAP Emission Estimates 2008 (tons per year) 

2008 

Pollutant Military 

(2275001000) 

Commercial 

(2275020000) 

GA, Piston 

(2275050011)

GA, Turbine 

(2275050012) 

AT, Piston 

(2275060011) 

AT, Turbine 

(2275060012) 

GSE, Gas 

(2265008005) 

GSE, LPG 

(2267008005)

GSE, 

(22680

1,3-Butadiene 0.40 158 55.1 830 3.98 89.6 0 0 1-Methylnaphthalene 0.06 23.2 0.23 121 0 13.1 0 0 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 0 0 1.87 19.5 0.14 1.50 8.94 0.88 2-methylnaphthalene 0.05 19.3 0.20 101 0 10.9 0 0 Acenaphthene 0 0 4.76 0 0.93 0 0 0 Acenaphthylene 0 0 26.9 2,351 5.27 0 0 0 Acetaldehyde 1.02 400 42.9 2,102 2.61 227 2.43 0.24 Acrolein 0 0 3.13 1,201 0.24 103 0 0 Anthracene 0 0 5.54 1.12E-03 1.09 2.20E-04 0 0 Benz[a]Anthracene 0 0 0.65 1.69E-04 0.13 3.32E-05 0 0 Benzene 0.40 158 216 827 16.3 89.4 10.4 1.02 Benzo[a]Pyrene 0 0 0.65 9.28E-05 0.13 1.82E-05 0 0 Benzo[b]Fluoranthene 0 0 0.78 0 0.15 0 0 0 Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene 0 0 1.70 1.54E-05 0.33 3.02E-06 0 0 Benzo[k]Fluoranthene 0 0 0.78 0 0.15 0 0 0 Chrysene 0 0 0.65 1.58E-04 0.13 3.10E-05 0 0 

2-17 
2-18 

Table 2-4. Aircraft HAP Emission Estimates 2008 (tons per year) (Continued) 

2008 

Pollutant Military 

(2275001000) 

Commercial 

(2275020000) 

GA, Piston 

(2275050011)

GA, Turbine 

(2275050012) 

AT, Piston 

(2275060011) 

AT, Turbine 

(2275060012) 

GSE, Gas 

(2265008005) 

GSE, LPG 

(2267008005)

GSE, 

(22680

Cumene 0 0 0 1.47 0 0.13 0 0 Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ethyl Benzene 0 0 76.8 85.3 5.91 7.29 0 0 Fluoranthene 0 0 5.94 2.34E-03 1.16 4.59E-04 0 0 Fluorene 0 0 9.85 0 1.93 0 0 0 Formaldehyde 2.95 1,154 173 6,059 11.2 655 7.19 0.71 Hexane 0 0 36.6 0 2.81 0 0 0 Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene 0 0 0.52 0 0.10 0 0 0 Lead 0 0 424 0 32.6 0 0 0 Methane 0.01 0 16.4 11.7 0.29 3.06 14.6 1.43 Methanol 0 0 0 885 0 75.6 0 0 m-Xylene 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.1 1.09 Naphthalene 0.13 50.7 617 516 118 48.1 0 0 O-xylene 0.04 15.6 0.43 81.7 4.79E-03 8.83 5.43 0.53 Phenanthrene 0 0 16.6 0.01 3.25 2.04E-03 0 0 Phenol 0 0 0 356 0 30.4 0 0 Propionaldehyde 0.17 68.2 5.17 358 0.27 38.7 1.48 0.15 Pyrene 0 0 8.09 2.86E-03 1.59 5.61E-04 0 0 Styrene 0.07 29.0 18.6 152 1.38 16.4 0 0 Toluene 0.15 60.2 544 316 41.8 34.1 17.8 1.75 Xylenes (Mixed Isomers) 0 0 306 378 23.6 30.2 0 0 
2.8 Aircraft References 

Cook, Rich. Memorandum entitled Guidance on Mobile Source Emission Estimates in the 1996 

National Toxics Inventory, to Laurel Driver and Anne Pope, U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality 

Planning and Standards. U.S. EPA Office of Mobile Sources. Ann Arbor, MI. June 9, 1998. 

Cook, Rich. Memorandum entitled Source Identification and Base Year 1990 Emission Inventory 

Guidance for Mobile Source HAPs on the OAQPS List of 40 Priority HAPs, to Laurel Driver and 

Anne Pope, U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS). U.S. EPA Office 

of Mobile Sources. Ann Arbor, MI. June 11, 1997. 

Billings, Richard and Roger Chang, Eastern Research Group, Inc. Memorandum entitled Revised 

HAP Speciation Profiles for Commercial Aircraft, to Laurel Driver and Rich Cook, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. October 25, 2004. 

Federal Aviation Administration. General Aviation and Part 135 Activity Survey - Calendar 

Year 2005. Downloaded from the following Internet site: 

http://www.faa.gov/data_research/aviation_data_statistics/general_aviation/. 

Federal Aviation Administration. Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS), Version 

5.1 released September 2008. Downloaded from the following Internet site: 

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/aep/models/edms_model/. 

U.S. Department of Transportation. Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System, Version 5.1. 

Federal Aviation Administration. September 2008. Downloaded from the following Internet site: 

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/aep/models/edms_model/. 

U.S. Department of Transportation. Terminal Area Forecast System. Federal Aviation 

Administration, Aviation Policy and Plans. Downloaded from the following Internet Site: 

http//www.apo.data.faa.gov/. 

U.S. Department of Transportation. T-100 Segment (All Carriers). Bureau of Transportation 

Statistics. Downloaded from the following Internet site: http://transtats.bts.gov/. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Aviation Administration. Recommended Best 

Practice for Quantifying Speciated Organic Gas Emissions from Aircraft Equipped with 

Turbofan, Turbojet, and Turboprop Engines - Version 1.0. EPA-420-R-09-901. Assessment and 

Standards Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency in collaboration with the AEE-300 - Emissions Division, Office of Environment and 

Energy, Federal Aviation Administration. May 2009. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Lead Emissions from the Use of Leaded Aviation 

Gasoline in the United States - Technical Support Document. EPA-420-R-08-020. Assessment 

and Standards Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality. October 2008. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Calculating Aviation Gasoline Lead Emissions in the 

Draft 2008 NEI. Assessment and Standards Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality. 

December 2009. 

2-19 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume 

IV: Mobile Sources. EPA-450/4-81-026d (Revised). Office of Air and Radiation. Research 

Triangle Park, NC, and Ann Arbor, MI. 1992. 

2-20 
Appendix A 

Generic Aircraft Emission Factors/ Speciation Profiles