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IN THIS ISSUE

Canal Cargoes

Curtain Time

OV Volunteers

Babies, Babies, Babies

Ltffci
Robert J. Fleming, Jr., Governor-President

W. P. Leber, Lieutenant Governor

Frank A. Baldwin Panama Canal Information Officer

i-^-W

Official Panama Canal Publication

Published monthly at Balboa Heights, C.Z.

Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, C. Z.

Joseph Connor, Press Officer

Publications Editors Robert D. Kerr and Julio E. Briceno

Editorial Assistants Eunice Richard, Tobi Bittel, and Tomas A. Cupas \

On sale at all Panama Canal Service Centers, Retail Stores, and the Tivoli Guest House for 10 days after publication date at 5 cents each. Subscriptions, $1 a year; mail and back copies, 10 cents each.

Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights, C.Z.

Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building. Balboa Heights. C.Z.

170 Transits

and

2,880,000 k.w.h.

THIS IS THE engineering estimate of the value to the Panama

Canal of 2 extra feet to be added to the storage potential of Madden Lake by installation of flashboard extensions to the tops

of the four existing drum gates.

If the estimate were reduced to more familiar things by an

ordinary housewife preparing breakfast, it would mean approximately enough water for 128 billion cups of coffee (without

cream), and 288 million pieces of toast (medium brown).

The bonus of water and electrical energy, part of the program

to further increase Canal capacity, will be gained by raising the

maximum level of Madden Lake from 250 to 252 feet, thus adding

24,564 acre-feet, or 1,070,000,000 cubic feet, to the lake's storage

potential.

The "flashboards," lip extensions expected to do the job, are reinforced metal sections which will be welded onto the

4,100-foot-long drum gates. The flashboards have been manufactured by the Industrial Division according to plans prepared by

the Engineering Division. Installation is scheduled for the latter part of May.

The 2-foot increase in the storage capacity of Madden Lake

will give Madden hydroelectric plant enough additional water

to generate 4,000 more kilowatts of firm power for 1 month, or 2,880,000 kilowatt-hours.

Since the water released from Madden Dam pours into Gatun

Lake via the Chagres River, it can be used a second time, either

to put ships through the locks or for electric power. The additional

1,070,000,000 cubic feet, nearly 8 billion gallons, from Madden

will make possible about 170 additional transits or 1,440,000

kilowatt-hours of power generation by the Gatun hydroelectric

station. Although operation of the Gatun hydro plant is reduced during

dry season months to conserve water in Gatun Lake, the Madden

hvdro plant operates all year. Power from Madden is fur- nished bv 3 hydroelectric generators of 8,000 kilowatt capacity

generating current at 6,900 volts which is stepped up to 44.000

volts for transmission to substations.

Index

Canal Cargoes 3

Cycling to Frontier 5

OV Volunteers 6

Curtain Time 8

Promotions and Transfers 10

Babies, Babies, Babies 11

Canal History 12

Anniversaries 13

Canal Traffic, Transits, Trade 14

Shipping 16

ABOUT OUR COVER: It looks like a ship

cruising through a neglected backyard. Actually,

the Johannes Fritzen is transiting the Panama

Canal. That's Mandinga Slough in the fore- ground, on the west bank of die Canal just south

of Gamboa, in the latest project area for widening

of the Canal from 300 to 500 feet. When the

job's finished a picture like this won't be possible, for all the foreground of die picture will have

been cut awav. There's already been substantial

change in appearance. The Mandinga Slough,

former channel of the Obispo River, was filled

in by the French, the river itself later being

diverted into the Mandinga River.

The German flag Johannes Fritzen is a 24,636- ton ore carrier, 701 feet long and with a beam of

90.2 feet. Built in 1962 in Bremen, she sails out

of Emden, operated by J. Fritzen & Son.

May 3, 1963
SHIPS transiting the Panama Canal in

fiscal vear 1962 carried enough lumber

to build approximately 183,000 5-room

houses. Thev carried enough gasoline to take

all privatelv-owned cars in the Canal

Zone around the world four times. Whether tonnages for these and other major commodities will show upward

or downward trends in the future is a question no crystal ball can answer. Reasoned guesstimates are based on

studies of natural resources develop- ments throughout the world, changes

in ship construction, cargo handling

methods and many completely unpredictable or unforseeable factors. Even the weather causes short term

fluctuations. The result is that predicting probabilities of shifts in cargoes, which may

prove major factors in sound Canal

program planning, is something less than an exact science. For the immediate future, much of the Canal traffic picture hinges on continued industrial growth of Japan. Scrap

iron tonnage figures have shown their sharpest break recently due to the reces- sion in Japan. Japan's customers for scrap have been living off inventories

built up earlier as much as possible, and

curtailing current buving.

Coal tonnage also is off. About 95

percent of the coal passing through the Canal goes to Japan. With a growing

population and restricted acreage, Japan also has contributed largely to the steadv high level of phosphates

tonnage through the Canal. Next in importance in possible effect on cargoes are possible or probable

developments on the west coast of South America and tapping of reserves

in the western United States. Recent cargoes figures show mineral

ails (petroleum) and canned and refrigThe container ship San Juan, a new trader through the Canal, displays one of the recent developments in cargo handling. Ease of handling and

contents protection are features of such large "packaging."

erated products tonnages on an upward

trend. Behind the oils increase have

been the hard winter in the United

States and Japanese fuel oil purchases

from Venezuela. Crude oil and products

cargoes also are up. Part of the oils increase is attributed to oil firms' shift- ing of stocks from one coast of the

States to the other to stav within quotas.

Europe's increasing standard of living

is responsible for most of the canned

and refrigerated products gain, bringing

both an increase in demand and in- crease in abilitv to pav. These items no longer are a luxurv item there as

No 'Patterns'

InRecessions

PANAMA CANAL transits figures don't follow any set pattern during

recessions in the United States. There are many other factors in- volved. It's a "world" waterway, and

other countries, at the same time,

may not be hard hit on the commodities which make up the major Canal

transits items. During the last four United States

recessions: 1949—A transits upturn followed. 1954—Transits leveled off, but

didn't drop.

1958—Transits increased during

the recession. 1961—There was a brief drop,

then an upturn.

During the period 1929-33, a major depression era, Canal cargo tonnage was down approximately

45 percent, but tolls dropped only

about 25 percent.

thev were for so manv \ ears after World

War II. In addition to the drops in scrap iron and coal cargoes through the Canal,

wheat tonnage also is off, largely due to use of the. St. Lawrence Seawav to move

western Canada's wheat to world

markets. The long term outlook for wheat tonnages doesn't point to volume,

because European Common Market

effects also are likely to cut Canal wheat

transits. The St. Lawrence Seawav route

doesn't meet all needs of the waterway

area on a year round basis, however.

When Great Lakes shipping is ice- bound, there's an upsurge in Panama

Canal traffic of foreign ores. For Canal planning and programing

purposes, "short term" refers to a period

of not more than 2 vears, and "long term" is more than 10 years ahead.

In between times are referred to as "intermediate" periods.

A full review of trends would

require a book. What follows is a mere

sampling.

Crop failures can plav a substantial

role in annual Canal cargo tonnage

figures, although large inventories can

curb immediacy of the effect. One

blowdown can take as manv as 3 million banana plants and this can virtually shut down a port for as much as 9

months until new plantings are in pro- duction. Crop failures in wheat and

feed grains in Europe can mean a surge

in Canal transits of ships carrying cargoes with alternate supplies.

Depletion of major ores and similar resources in some fields often may have

little effect on transits, for the companies involved are forever prospecting

for new veins, often find them in the same general area to supplement those plaving out. This has been the story on

iron ore in Chile and Peru. Changes in ways of handling cargo

The Panama Canal Review
can have major effects, as in development of "superships" and large bulk

carriers, sometimes the difference be- tween profit and loss or bigger profit

and smaller loss. With larger ships, the same tonnage means fewer transits. Not manv vears ago 16,000-ton tankers were

considered to be the largest needed

or advisable for efficient operation.

Tankers now range as high as 132,000

tons.

Shifts in manufacturing emphasis,

with changes in raw materials needs

and power-supply factors, can change

the picture in some commodities

brackets. As a sample, original thinking

of aluminum industry executives was

that plants should be located near con- sumer centers. Then it changed to the view that thev should be near cheap

water and hydroelectric power supplies.

Now there are indications it is changing

back to the original view, to locate them

near consumer centers. Each such

change, depending on where plants are located or relocated, can show up in Canal transits and tonnage figures.

Paradoxically, major hydroelectric

expansion projects do not appear to cut

into fuel cargo figures. This is because

industries are attracted to these areas with resultant increased raw materials and consumer goods demands.

Oils, petroleum products, and petrochemicals go both ways through the Canal, with the heavier movement from

east to west. Venezuela is one of the major suppliers of crude oil for the west coast of the United States and the west coast of South America. Oil firms may "borrow" from each other and

have to meet commitments for repay- ment of loans, staving within States quotas, by transferring supplies from

one coast to the other.

Fifty million martinis—or part of the raw materials for 50 million of them. That's the actual estimated contents of these hundreds of casks of Spanish olives awaiting loading. The ship

is the Charles Lykes of the Lykes Lines, which has 17 ships that are frequent callers at the Panama Canal. Olives are snipped both ways through the Canal, to the east from the United States west coast, to the west from Spain.

Different refineries are geared to

different tvpes of crude oil, and it may

be more economical to ship a high

sulphur or low sulphur crude from a

distant point than to modify the refiner}'.

With Cuba out of the picture as a source of supplv for the U.S. sugar

needs, there's been a surge of east coast imports from other sources, primarily

Australia and Peru. Cuba has annual

commitments to Communist bloc nations of 4,860,000 tons of sugar a vear—and with verv poor recent crops

hasn't been able to meet the commitments. But part of the Cuban sugar for Russia and virtually all of it for mainland China moves through the Canal.

Florida phosphates, good and cheap.

The Ore Convey, one of the largest self unloader type superships. This picture was taken from a platform atop the self unloading equipment while the ship was in the upper chamber of Gatun Locks.

have an established market in Japan.

Florida-Asia phosphates shipments

accounted for 82 percent of the phosphates traffic through the Canal in fiscal 1962. There's been an average 15

percent per vear increase since World

War II in phosphates tonnage.

This picture could change abruptly,

however. There also are phosphate

supplies in Peru, under water off the west coast of the United States, in the Middle East, and Africa. Utah and

Montana also have large phosphate

reserves, but it's now too expensive to move them out. Technological improvements saving

onlv pennies per ton can make the

difference between marginal operation

and profitable operation; and costs nor- mally are highest in development stage or at the tag end, as richness of ore

veins, for example, thins out. Until 2 or 3 years ago, the major part

of Canal traffic was from the Pacific to the Atlantic. Now it's from the Atlantic

to the Pacific. The most significant long term factor

in possible generation of greater Canal

traffic is the possibility of development

on the west coast of the United States

of a number of integrated steel companies such as exist in the eastern part

of the country today.

There are largely untapped reserves

of coal and iron in the Mountain States. However, the next change in Canal

cargoes could result from a type of processing not yet developed for a raw

material that can't be handled profitably now—to meet a need not yet felt.

4 May 3, 1963
Paving machinery and crews at work on Inter-American Highway sector near Tole, looking east, the direction in which paving work is progressing.

Rolling "roof" for freshly poured concrete. It keeps rain or sun off to protect the material during first stage of

setting. One of these is with each paving machine.

Takers Few,

But Trip

Enjoyable

By CLOIS C. DUFFIE

President, Canal Zone Chapter,

Worldwide Cycle Club

RIDES ALONG sections of the new

Inter-American Highway under construction between David and Santiago,

a brief stay in jail for one of the tourists, and an almost broken toe were among

highlights and lowlights of the annual

trip of the club to the interior of Panama. The first of March, just as the past 5 years, found us busy preparing for the trip, but alas, only two members

showed up: Gus Nellis, road captain,

and myself. Twenty to thirty had gone

on earlier trips to Guatemala, San Jose, and interior towns of the Republic. This

year, however, a lot of members were

in school, some working, others unable

to get leave at the time. There are about 50 members in the club throughout the Zone and another

50 cyclists often ride with the club. Members of the Zone chapter also ride frequently with the Panama Motorcycle

Club. About noon on March 1, though, it was apparent that no others would

come. So we headed west with the

familiar cry of "Let's Motor." We

crossed the new $20 million bridge

The Panama Canal Review 5

across the Canal at Balboa and rode

toward La Chorrera, stopping in Capira

long enough to eat the white cheese

and pastelitos for which this little village is famous.

Following the Inter-American Highway along the coast of the Gulf of Panama, we stopped at San Carlos, and

spent some time on the beach under a bohio out of the hot sun. On to Santa

Clara and Rio Hato, where the road

turns about 20 miles toward the center

of the Isthmus to Penonome. Near Nata we saw the huge factory for processing

Maggi tomato products and other produce. It is surprising to see this factory there, way out in the middle of nowhere. Two-wheel carts are a familiar

sight.

A little farther along the road is another factory where the small candies

known as "estrellitas" are made. The new highway misses Aguadulce, and we were familiar with this town, so we

bypassed it and headed for Santiago,

where we spent the night.

I spent part of it in jail because of a misunderstanding. I guess my Spanish

Clois C. Duffie with natives

in typical scene in the Chiri- qui Province area near Canas Gordas, at the Costa

Rica frontier. House is on

right, cooking area on left.

is worse that I thought. The speed limit had been reduced to 15 m.p.h. due to a religious festival at Atalaya, but there were no signs along the road of the

limit. Officials couldn't catch us, so they

called ahead and stopped us with a road

block. I had to stay in jail for a couple

of hours until the proper official arrived, then was released with a dressing down.

We stayed at the Hotel Santiago,

where air-conditioned rooms with pri- vate bath are available, or rooms with

just bed for $1. The food was excellent

at the sidewalk restaurant. The happy

feeling we left there with didn't last long, however, because here began

approximately 122 miles of the worst

road imaginable, through Sona and

Remedios, to the south of the Inter- American route. It was worse than I had

remembered, with loose gravel, big

rocks, and deep ruts in places.

About 17 miles this side of David we

hit paved road again which goes to Concepcion and all the way to the Costa Rican frontier. Just outside David we turned up the mountain on a very

(See p. 15)
Down the hatch. A young Paraiso girl is assured that taking the oral polio vaccine involves nothing more than swallowing a sugar lump. Shown at the Paraiso clinic, at

left, is Jan Jensen of Balboa, whose mother, Mrs. Bernhilda Jensen, R.N., is the nurse at the Paraiso Community

Health Center. At right is Maritza Ipina of the Junior Red Cross and in the background is Mrs. H. Skeie, R.N., Public Health Nurse in the schools, who helped at the

Paraiso Clinic.

The clinic operated in the Cristobal Women's Club building in Margarita also used the services of volunteers for the paperwork and other details connected

with the program. Shown around the

records table here are Doreen Baas, Bar- bara Delvecchio, Mrs. Rosalyn Bernstein, Dr. Howard C. Pritham, Virginia and Jane

Ferris, and Mrs. Lois Thomas. Another

volunteer, Estelle Davidson, was on duty

before the photograph was taken.

VOLUNTEERS

HELP

STAMP OUT POLIO"

THE FIRST ROUND of the oral vaccine program

aimed at stamping out polio in the Canal Zone was

completed with a flourish last month on the Atlantic

side of the Isthmus as more than 10,000 doses were

administered to bring the total doses of Tvpe I vaccine administered bv the Canal's Health Rureau

to more than 27,000.

The second round, in which Types II and III of the vaccine will be administered, will be this month.

Pacific-siders will receive their combination doses Mav 3 and 4, while Atlantic-siders will receive theirs May 17 and 18. Health Rureau officials credited much of the success of the first round to volunteers who worked

in the various clinics—and they are reiving on

volunteers for much of this month's second round.

The "honor roll" of organizations which recruited volunteers and otherwise assisted with the first round

included Civic Councils in both the U.S. and Latin

American communities, the Canal Zone Chapter of the American Red Cross, the Junior Red Cross, Red

Cross Gray Ladies, Girl Scouts of America, Pink

Girls, International Roy Scouts, and the Cristobal Women's Club. There also were many communitvminded individuals who volunteered and served. Dr. Sidnev R. Clark, Chief of Preventive Medicine

and Quarantine, said the work of the volunteers was

"indispensable" and congratulated them for their part in the successful completion of the first round

of vaccine.

Smiling volunteer workers greeted those visiting the Diablo Heights clinic in the Junior High School gymnasium. At the Identification table, right, is Mrs. Alice Meehan. From

left are Andrea Lynn Sollitto, Maria Livia Harcega, and Evangeline Buenofe. At the feeding table, in rear of room, are Mrs. Peggy Welch, left, and Mrs. Evelyn Koperski, R.N.
Junior Red Cross Volunteens were on duty at the Santa Cruz gymnasium and at Ancon when oral polio vaccine was given in connection with the Pacific side program for residents

of the Canal Zone and Canal employees who live in Panama. From left are Margaret

Thorne, Dale Davy, Sidney Dyer, Margarite George, Carl Sainten, Stanicia Jones, Ancelmo

Cummings, Eleanor Millett, Damian Albeo, Victor Joshua, George Brown, Yolanda Evelyn,

Carol Grazette, and Antonio Cooper. Also on duty, but not present for the photograph,

were: Richard Millett, Silvia Haughton, Lydia Dunn, Marva Savory, and Karl Evelyn.

Mrs. Violet Rhaburn, member of the Santa Cruz Civic Council and active

in Girl Scout work, checks the registration form of a young resident about

to receive her oral polio vaccine.

Going through the line at the Balboa oral polio vaccine clinic is John D. Hollen, Chief of the Panama Canal Executive Planning Staff. Mrs. George Pauk, R.N., checks his registration form and directs him to the next table where records were

kept. Immediately behind Mr. Hollen is Dr. Mary Graham.

In Paraiso, volunteers were recruited to help with a "grass roots" effort to get the

entire community to take the oral polio vaccine. Health Rureau officials attributed

this special effort with the "remarkably

high" turnout in that community. The

special effort took the form of volunteers preparing registration forms for everyone

in the community, then delivering them to the homes of the families. Working on

registration blanks in this picture are, from

left, Paulina Nieto, Jorge Scott, Ricardo

James, Emilio Singh, Ruth Russell, Marva

Griffith, Elena Springer, and Ricardo

Foster.

W3L s*2- . 4

The Panama Canal Review

^

Lighting effects have an important place

in the suspense thriller that opens tonight. "Try this one," says stage manager Dick

Collver, as he hands another light bulb to Leo Farlow, on ladder. Larry Boutis,

center, is acting as lighting and sound

effects technician.

Curtain

Time

Tickets and money exchange hands rapidly from opening night on through the run of the play. Leo Farlow, in the ticket booth,

fills an order for reserved seats as a very young theater enthusiast looks on. t

I

THE HANDS of the clock point to

curtain time. House lights dim. Here

and there a program rustles. Then there's a hushed silence as the

curtain rises and another Theatre Guild

audience in the Ancon Theatre is landed squarely in the middle of a period, and a social set, that sometimes may be familiar, perhaps involved in amusing bric-a-brac of a porcelain comedy, maybe entangled in domestic

details of Old Lace charm, or enmeshed

in a Victorian thriller such as is Angel

Street, the Theatre Guild's fifth production of the current subscription season which opens tonight. This spine-tingler began its career in London under the title of "Gaslight." The author, Patrick Hamilton, accus- tomed to feeding shudders to shudderloving audiences, attempts here nothing more serious than to continue this amiable avocation.

Fi\c- characters appear on the stage

in Angel Street and, as the plot unfolds, everything seems so real, so natural, so

easy. Long hours of hard work went

into accomplishing that impression. Dozens of Theatre Guild members

and helpful friends make up the unseen company whose members never come

to the footlights for a bow, but whose

FOR "ANGEL STREET"

work is evidenced in the stage setting,

in the lighting, the properties, the programs, posters, and myriad details

net essary for the birth of a play.

First comes the serious business of

selection of a play which the Theatre

Guild believes the audience will enjoy. The Guild determines which plays are

available For amateur production and

which ones the physical plant can accommodate. Gene Simpson, director of Angel

Street, who has had a long and dis- tinguished affiliation with the Theatre

Guild, had seen this play in New York. A mystery was wanted for the May

presentation, and here was a thriller that had been a surprise hit on Broad- wa) when it was presented there. Angel Street chosen, dates for trvouts were set and widel) publicized. Anyone

in the Canal Zone or Panama is wel- comed and encouraged to try out for a

part or work backstage. One doesn't have In be a Theatre Guild member to

tr\ out for a part, and new faces, new

talent, and people who enjoy making new friends and doing creative work

are urged to come to the Ancon

T^n^f—

On stage, during tryouts, with director Gene Sim making his farewell appearance with the Theat and leave the Isthmus as soon as the play closes. I a kindly detective. Seated on the couch is LaVoi They appear as Mr. and Mrs. Jack Manningham.

the stage. Standing, center, are Meg Fennel and

Playhouse on tryout nights. Dates for rehearsal must be set to accommodate director and cast, for in many instances key figures are avail- able for rehearsals or work backstage

only after the working day is over. The male lead. John McTaggart, who

plays Jack Manningham in Angel Street,

is a placement and employee manage- ment relations specialist in the Panama

Canal Personnel Bureau. He made his acting debut in the Canal Zone in 1957

as Grandpere in the Theatre Guild's production of The Happy Time, which

also was directed by Gene Simpson. He

appeared in several Theatre Guild pro- ductions while serving in the U.S. Army

Members of the cast apply their make-up. La\oni Linda Collver while the leading man. John

second from left. At far left is Dick Cox, who is

i,iiild, for he will retire from Panama Canal service

tngel Street he plays the role of Sergeant Rough,

Garrison and standing, at right, is John McTaggart.

pt assistant Linda Collver is seated at the edge of

J- Loomis, prospects for the roles of the two maids.

in the Canal Zone and played the part

of Toglio in The Naked and the Dead,

which was filmed in Panama in 1957. LaVonne Garrison of Fort Amador

appears in the role of Bella Manningham. This is her third appearance with

the Theatre Guild. Richard E. Cox, who is seen in Angel

Street as Sergeant Rough, a police

inspector, is executive assistant in the Panama Canal Supply Division. He

made his Isthmian debut in Thornton

Wilder's Our Town and has appeared

in a number of plays including A Holi- day for Lovers, The Little Foxes, I. B , Out of the Frying Pan, and A Raisin

in the Sun.

irrisons hair is being arranged by script assistant

laggart, and Linda Loomis apply make-up.

Meg Fennel, who is one of the maids,

is in the Post Library at Fort Kobbe and

the other maid is played by Irene Michaelis, Dredging Division Clerk- Stenographer. Dick Collver, a teacher at Balboa High School, is stage manager and his wife, Linda, is script assistant. Larry

Boutis of Fort Clayton is lighting and

sound effects technician. Dora Hardy,

a Canal Zone teacher, is in charge of properties and the art work is directed by Catsy Taylor Schaffer, a nurse at Fort Clayton. While the cast is busy with lines and

situations, the production staff swings

into action. This time thev faced the

task of bringing the London of the gaslight era, complete with sound of Big Ben in the background, to a Canal Zone

audience of 1963. Ideas are pro- pounded, the staff challenges each

other's ideas, and then is applied the

test of what those ideas would mean

to the audience in terms of suspense, humor, and dramatic surprise. Sets for past productions have been

constructed to depict modern hotel rooms, a turn-of-the-centurv living room, an outdoor patio, a boat deck, an

apartment, and walk-up flat. Sometimes materials are ordered

MAY 3 THROUGH 11

from the States, but more often than

not, paint brushes are plied, and properties are borrowed most effectively- Working still further behind the scenes are the people wbo compose the programs and arrange for their printing, and those who make the posters. Pic- tures are taken, publicity written, and

tickets prepared, Even that latter is tricky, for a careful check has to be made to ensure that no two people find themselves sharing a single seat. Volunteers are enlisted to handle

reservations. Proper make-up must be

procured, and volunteer ushers assigned

for the various performances, in this case from May 3 through May 11. Suddenly things that seemed at sixes and sevens fall into place. It's opening

night. The audience gathers, house

lights dim, and another Theatre Guild

production is launched. Democracy prevails behind the footlights at the' Theatre Guild. Stars and

bit players take bows together, and the deliverv of flowers to the actors on the stage is discouraged or practically prohibited. The flowers that are sent to the theatre are delivered back stage.

Leading lady LaVonne Garrison appears

in the role of a scared little Victorian wife

in Angel Street.

BaIboa-3786 is the Theatre Guild tele- phone number for reservations. Mrs. Tillie McTaggart no sooner takes a reservations order and hangs up, than the phone rings again—with more seat requests.

Every bit of stage business is important.

Pointers are given Meg Fennel (left) by

director Gene Simpson and stage manager

Dick W. Collver.

**m*JM -iim
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

EMPLOYEES promoted or transferred between March 5 and April 5 (Withingrade promotions and jobs reclassifications are not listed)

:

ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Helen A. Adams, Accounting Technician,

Accounting Division, and Extension

Class Teacher, to Clerk-Stenographer,

Administrative Branch, and Extension

Class Teacher.

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Frank E. Hirt, Window Clerk to Relief Supervisor, Cristobal, Postal Division.

Mollis Griffon, Police Private, Police Division, and Relief Photographer, Administrative Branch, to Detective and Relief Photographer.

Division of Schools

Isolina G. Rivera, Substitute Teacher to Teacher (Senior High-U.S. Schools). Edna H. Hollowell, Laura M. Tarflinger, Substitute Teacher to Teacher (Junior

High-U.S. Schools). Lucile G. Feeney, Evelyn B. Fondren, Vera C. Phillips, Florence P. Stickney,

Substitute Teacher to Teacher (Elementary-U.S. Schools). Joseph E. N. Murray, Laborer (Cleaner) from Housing Branch, Community

Services Division.

ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION

BUREAU

Walter R. Weeks, Helper Electronics Mechanic to Stockman, Electrical DiviEngineering Division Gale A. O'Connell, Structural Engineer to Chief, Structural Branch. James C. Foster, General Engineer to General Engineer (Corrosion Mitigation).

Dredging Division

Clate Riddle, Electrician to Leader Electrician (Lineman). Juan N. Malverde, Dock Worker, Terminals Division, to Laborer (Heavy).

Jorge T. Vasquez, Laborer (Cleaner), Supply Division, to Laborer. Horman V. Archibold, Storekeeping Clerk

to Radio Operator.

Jose F. de los Rios, Navigational Aid

Worker to Maintenanceman Distribution Systems. Mateo Cubillo, Oiler (Floating Plant) to Launch Operator.

Irene M. Michaelis, Clerk-Typist, Employee Services Branch, Personnel Bureau, to Clerk-Stenographer.

Maintenance Division Robert C. Herrington, Lead Foreman

(Public Works Road Construction) to Lead Foreman (Public Works Wharfbuilder).

Waldo B. Gilley, Lead Foreman (Public

Works-Wharfbuilding) to General Fore- man (Public Works).

HEALTH BUREAU

Coleridge E. Hurley, Clerk from Industrial Division to Gorgas Hospital.

Coco Solo Hospital

Mildred R. Largent, Staff Nurse (Medicine

and Surgery) to Head Nurse (Medicine

and Surgery).

Cyril G. Francis, Hospital Attendant to Laboratory Helper. Florence A. Springer, Hospital Attendant

to Nursing Assistant. Herbert Brown, Counterman, Supply Division, to File Clerk. MARINE BUREAU

Navigation Division Osborn C. Robinson, Deckhand (Boat- swain) to Launch Operator. James C. Warner, Laborer (Heavy) to Chauffeur.

Gilbert De Touche, Seaman, Launch, to Seaman.

Industrial Division Michael J. Burza, Machinist (Marine) to Lead Foreman Machinist (Marine).

Holand A. Adams, Helper (General) to Helper Blacksmith (Heavy Fires). Charles R. Scott, Laborer to Laborer

(Heavy). Alfred Braithwaite, Laborer to Helper

(General).

Locks Division Howard M. Armistead, Electrician to Lock

Operator (Electrician). Joel W. Donawa, Maintenanceman (Rope

and Wire Cable) to Leader Maintenance- man (Rope and Wire Cable). Pedro Turion, Laborer (Heavy), from Maintenance Division to Painter (Maintenance). Karl A. Sinclair, Line Handler to Clerk. Matilde Beltran, Helper Lock Operator to Toolroom Attendant.

OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

Emily M. Brooks, Clerk-Typist to Time,

Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Accounting

Division. SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICES BUREAU

Erich L. Reinhardt, Clerk-Typist to Assist- ant Retail Store Manager, General Manager's Office.

Supply Division

Charles N. Norris, Accountant, Gorgas

Hospital, to Accountant Assistant. Jeannine C. Scott, Library Assistant, Canal Zone Library, to Freight Rate Assistant. Esme Rochester, Painter (Sign) from Maintenance Division.

Segundo H. Mero, Assistant Baker to Baker. Monica O. Marecheau, Counterwoman to Sales Clerk. Donald C. Escalona, Utility Worker to Grocery Attendant.

Nicolas D. Bishop, Utility Worker to Counterman. Clement A. Murrell, Pinsetter to Utility Worker. Roy Dickens, Waiter to Laborer (Heavy).

Emest A. Jones, Warehouseman to Clerk. Community Services Division

Estle H. Davison, Engineman (Hoisting

and Portable), Maintenance Division, to Leader Engineman (Hoisting and

Portable). Luis C. Martinez, Painter (Maintenance), Locks Division, to Laborer.

Jorge Lugardo, Laborer (Cleaner), to Laborer (Heavy).

TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Alfredo Arosemena, Victor M. Castafieda,

Guillermo Cortes, Antonio Martinez,

Claudio D. Prado, Secundino Rangel,

Jose Sosa, Dock Worker to Stevedore. Napoleon B. Ashby, Edgar Carmichael,

Sylvester Grant, Claudius N. Thompson,

Cargo Marker to Clerk (Checker). Reuben Panton, Dock Worker to Line

Handler. Robert M. Jolliffe, Jr., Laborer Cleaner,

Industrial Division, to Cargo Marker. OTHER PROMOTIONS which did not

involve changes of title:

Louis G. Archuleta, Structural Engineer,

Engineering Division. Margaret F. Wiggin, General Claims

Examiner, General Audit Division. Evelyn W. Brandt, Supervisory Administrative Services Assistant, Industrial Division. Donald C. Pierpoint, Cafeteria Manager,

Supply Division. Doris M. Young, Clerk-Stenographer,

Office of the Comptroller. Jeanene K. Zimmerman, Clerk Typist,

Gorgas Hospital.

Mary L. Parker, Mary A. Williford, ClerkTypist, Industrial Division. Elena Cham, Accounting Clerk, Industrial Division.

Basil I. Nelson, Accounting Clerk, Ter- minals Division. Robert L. Allen, Timekeeper, Terminals

Division. Robert J. King, Clerk-Typist, Navigation

Division. Leonard A. Shirley, Clerk, Industrial Division. Nellie G. Cadger, Library Assistant, Canal Zone Library.

10 May 3, 1963
Obstetrical

Record Here

urveyed

CLASSES START MAY 9

GORGAS HOSPITAL'S obstetrical cases record for the last decade is as good as that of large Stateside clinics on key results, and in most instances

better. Analysis of the three greatest

hazards to pregnant women has been

made in 1,033 cases during the 10-year

period. Results of the analysis and comparison were presented by means of charts and graphs by Dr. I. J. Strumpf,

Chief of the Obstetrics and Gynecology

Service at Gorgas, at a recent meeting of the Isthmian Medical Society,

attended by 76 doctors.

It was stressed that these results are due to: Careful prenatal watchfulness and

instant treatment at the first sign of a complication; constant attendance by a nurse and two doctors of every patient,

regardless of creed, color, or rank,

during labor and delivery; use of improved obstetrical and anesthetic tech- niques; the vigilance and dedication

of the nurses and doctors, and the

availability at all times of expert consultation should a complication or emergency arise. Many graphs and charts also were shown indicating how newer techniques

in surgery and newer concepts of handling many of the diseases of women

which contribute to the stillborn rate have been used by the Gorgas Hospital

Obstetrical Service, and how many

babies in each instance have been

saved who under other circumstances

would have died. The present emphasis is on a similar spectacular improvement in the salvage

of newborn premature infants, and the prevention of stillbirths. Maternal safty is now at such a level that a perfect record is within reach,

and an appeal was voiced that all women register early at the Prenatal

Clinic, and to have the utmost faith in their doctors. In this way, it was pointed

out, an already excellent obstetrical record may be still further improved

to the ultimate goal of "a healthy

mother and a healthy baby" for every woman who enters the Obstetrical Service of Gorgas Hospital.

Latin American Schools

Open Officially May 8

THE NEW SCHOOL year for Latin

American Schools of the Canal Zone

will start, officially, May 8, but the 3,855 children enrolled in grades

kindergarten through 12 won't have

their first dav of classes until Thursday,

May 9. New school facilities have been

added and there will be a number of new teachers on the staffs. Three special education classrooms have been added at the Rainbow City

Elementary School. They will provide space for the educable mentally handicapped, areas for remedial reading and

speech therapy, and will release class- room space in the junior-senior high

school for regular high school classes. On the first official dav of school May 8, faculty meetings will be held bv

principals in the respective buildings to acquaint both old and new teachers with policies and procedures. During

the day, teachers will be issued the necessary textbooks and supplies for

their classes. Teachers new to the system at Rainbow City Junior-Senior High School

are Roberto Acqui-Pinzon, a university

graduate, who will teach philosophy

and commerce; Felix Figueroa and

Mrs. Gloria Martinez, both of whom

teach Spanish, and Miss Fulvia Escobar, who will teach general science. At Paraiso Junior-Senior High School,

Pedro Alvarado will teach commerce.

Mr. Figueroa, Mrs. Martinez, Miss

Escobar, and Mr. Alvarado all have

master's degrees.

New elementary teachers, all with

university degrees, are Miss Noris Simpson at Santa Cruz School; Misses Olga

Tomlinson and Raquel McPherson,

Torge Jimenez and Julio Luque at Rainbow City Elementary School. Shaler Yearwood will be at Pedro Miguel

Elementary School. While pupils were enjoving themselves and participating in the vacation

program during February, March, and

April, many of their teachers were

studying, to qualify for bachelor and

graduate degrees.

Teachers who completed work

toward degrees at the University of Panama are: George Richards and Miss

Blandina Waterman of Paraiso JuniorSenior High School, Samuel Skeete of Rainbow City Elementary School, Mrs. Vilma Royo of Santa Cruz ElementaryJunior High School, and the Misses

Marva Taylor and Mavis McNichols of Paraiso Elementary School. Mrs. Clarice M. Bryan of Rainbow

City Elementary School and Miss Vilma

Best of Paraiso Elementary School

earned degrees at the University of Nebraska. They will return May 8 after having been on leave of absence. Other teachers expected to return at the beginning of school after leaves are

Leslie Thomas and Saturnin Mauge

of Rainbow City Junior-Senior High

School. On extended leave and to return after the opening of school in May are Mrs. Amy E. C. de Boyce of Paraiso Ele- mentary School; Audley Webster and

Miss Alva Piper of Rainbow City Junior- Senior High School, and Daniel Miranda, who is studying in Mexico. All are to return in June. Mrs. Jocelyn C. de Blugh of Paraiso Elementary School will report in August, and Ellis Fawcett, principal of Paraiso Junior-Senior High School, and

Miss Julette Carrington, principal of Pedro Miguel Elementary School, are expected back in September.

Teachers on scholarships for the

school year 1963-64 are Miss Clara Wattley, Paraiso Junior-Senior High

School, who is studying in England

on a scholarship granted by the

British Embassy, and Miss Beril Jordan,

Rainbow City Junior-Senior High

School, who is studying in the United

States on a U.S. Information Service

scholarship.

Other teachers who will be away on

leave for study for the entire school year are: Miss Hilma Watson, Philip

Daniel, and Phillip Henry, Rainbow

City Elementary School; Ernest Wattley

and Luis Diez, Paraiso Junior-Senior

High School; Mrs. Silvia Stoute and

Cleveland Ennis, Rainbow City Junior- Senior High School; Miss Marta Garvey

and Mrs. Daphne Wedderburn, Paraiso Elementary School; and Franklin

Wynter, Pedro Miguel Elementary

School. Grafton Conliffe, principal of Santa Cruz School, will leave in August, for a year, to complete work on his master's degree.

Tut Panama Canal Review 11
CANAL HISTORY

50 years <Aao

FILL MADE IN the swamp east of Colon to extend the city from E to G

streets, between the lines of Second and

Ninth streets, had settled, requiring

about 17,500 yards more of fill to bring

it to grade. It was planned to extend

macadam to near 16th street, near the

junction with Mount Hope road. This

extension was to make accessible lots on natural ground, a part of the original

Manzanillo Island, and several feet above sea level. A number of 8-inch spherical bombs

and grape shot were dug up by a suction dredge operating near the inner end of the slip west of the new Pier 18

at Cristobal. A hand ax of a type used

about 50 years earlier was found in the same area. Projectiles were encrusted with a kind of natural concrete, made

up of coral deposits, sand, and shells, to a thickness of 2 inches.

25 yearJ cAao

A BILL providing for optional retire- ment of employees of the Panama Canal

after 30 years of service or at the age

of 55 was introduced into the U.S. Congress. At the same time the Panama Canal

issued a retirement certificate to be

given to employees retiring from service. The first certificate, signed by

Gov. C. S. Ridley, was presented to Genevieve Gage, the first woman employee to be retired from the Canal

after 30 years of service. The new Panama Canal tolls system,

which went into effect earlier in the

year, provided a substantial savings

for the Canadian Pacific cruise liner Empress of Britain, which arrived at the Canal in May 1938 on a world

cruise. The ship paid nearly $5,000 less than on a previous transit, since the new system included a reduction for large public rooms.

RETIREMENTS

EMPLOYEES who retired in March,

with their positions at time of retire- ment and years of Canal service: McDonald Allen, Truck Driver, Motor

Transportation Division, Pacific Side; 23

years, 9 months, and 7 days. Mrs. Louise E. Augustus, Laboratory

Helper, Coco Solo Hospital; 35 years, 6 months, 20 days. Eliseo Avila, Leader Maintenanceman,

Electrical Division, Pacific Side; 33

years, 3 months, 20 days.

Henry J. Clancy, Electrician, Electrical Division, Atlantic Side; 22 years, 1 month, 19 days.

Ralph L. Hanners, General Foreman

(Grounds), Community Services Division, Atlantic Side; 20 years, 10 months,

26 days.

Joseph Ifill, Laundry Worker (Heavy),

Supply Division, Pacific Side; 25 years, 8 months, 10 days.

Landon N. Gunn, Operator, Dipper

Dredge, Dredging Division, Pacific Side; 31 years, 10 months, 10 days. Eustace S. Lewis, Guard, Transportation

and Terminals Division, Atlantic Side; 42 years, 1 month, 21 days.

Headley McAdams, Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator, Community Services Division, Pacific Side; 40 years, 9 months, 28 days. Clarence B. Mcllvaine, Conductor, Road

and Conductor, Yard, Railroad Division,

Pacific Side, 32 years, 8 months, 19 days. Leon Ortiz, Stevedore, Terminals Division, Atlantic Side; 37 years, 7 months, 20

days. Miss Ella A. Partons, Staff Nurse, Gorgas

Hospital; 8 years, 5 months, 4 days.

Guillermo T. Perez, Crane Hookman, Industrial Division, Pacific Side; 42 years, 10 months, 21 days.

Jacinto Peters, Guard, Terminals Division, Atlantic Side; 43 years, 5 months, 9

days.

Eugenio Rangel, Operator, Field Tractor, Maintenance Division, Pacific Side; 38

years, 6 months, 13 days.

Julian Rodriguez, Assistant Cook, Gorgas

Hospital; 19 years, 5 months, 24 days.

Udham Singh, Stevedore, Terminals Division, Adantic Side; 17 years, 12 days. Miss Ellen M. Tiernan, Head Nurse (Surgical) Gorgas Hospital; 32 years, 8

months.

P. Alton White, Chief, Dredging Division; 38 years, 4 months, 21 days.

10 yiearJ cAao

ONE OF THE oldest houses in the Canal Zone, on Heights Road, formerly

occupied by the Health Director, was among 16 frame quarters buildings

scheduled for demolition and being

advertised for sale to the highest bidder.

It was one of several moved to Balboa

Heights when the Canal was opened

in 1914. A total of 30 bushmasters and 2 fer- de-lance snakes were caught or killed by men doing clearing work for a tract of pasture land on the Adantic side

of the Isthmus. Most of the bushmasters were found in an area of about

100 acres.

One year c4ao

NATIONAL Commander-in-Chief

Robert E. Hansen, of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, became a member of The Esteemed

Order of Bearers of the Master Key to the Panama Canal. The VFW commander, on an inspection tour of Isth- mian posts, was presented a key to the Locks and a certificate giving him the grade of Lockmaster.

Release of the monthly report of the Meteorological and Hydrographic

Branch revealed that a total of 58

seismic disturbances were recorded on the Balboa Heights seismographs

during March. Six had their point of origin within 300 miles and two were

felt in the Canal Zone. The epicenter

of one was near the Panama-Costa Rica

border. Water and electrical conservation measures slowed the drop in level of Gatun Lake sufficiently to delay imposition of draft restriction approximately

a week.

.—ACCIDENT&.

THIS MONTH

AND

THIS YEAR

MARCH

ALL UNITS

YEAR TO DATE

DAYS

ABSENT

•63 '62

1328(991) 319

1599,998. 6679

( ) Locks Overhaul Injuries Included in total.

12 May 3, 1963
MflMISTR

nC.

Ajitojnatic J VSPOkAtiON ANDj

temiinXlapureaij/

h IE. Boyo

Automotive Cranl Operator (Small)

ANNIVERSARIES

(On the basis of total Federal Service)

EXECUTIVE PLANNING

STAFF

Thatcher A. Clisbee

Capital Program Coordinator ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Orlander D.

Bindery a

CIVIL AFFAIR

Salvatore Rinaldo Contraband Control

Inspector ENGIN

CONSTRU

Reginald Lovell Carpenter

Rupert N. Scott Painter Vincent G. St. Louis

Clerk (Work Orders)

HEALTH BUREAU

Angelico Moran

Hospital Attendant MARINE BUREAU

Wesley A. Cole

MelterOFFICE OF THE

COMPTROLLER

aymond

ry General ml Examiner

Y/AND COMMUNITY

se/vice BUREAU

Guzman

ardener TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Granville V. Brown

Chauffeur Tomas Marial Guard

MAGISTRATE COURTS

Rex E. Beck

Clerk of the Court,

Cristobal

ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Tomas Mejia Laborer (Cleaner)

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Ralph Dugan, Jr. Police Private Ruth F. Morris Elementary and Secondary

School Teacher

Pearl C. de Chilcott Senior High Teacher,

Latin American Schools

ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Harry P. DePiper

Chief Engineer, Towboat

Hubert A. Rotenberry

Lead Foreman Painter William W. Spencer

Leader Electrician Robert C. Stanley Power System Dispatcher

Eugene E. Chaudiere

Seaman

Jose B. Felipe

Helper (General)

Librado Gonzalez Seaman

Sidney A. Gordon

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Plant Operator

Agapito Hernandez

Winchman

Aniceto Jimenez

Helper (Ceneral)

Hector L. John

Helper Machinist (Marine) Esteban Justavino Laborer (Heavy)

Patricio Martinez

Seaman

Dudley J. Miller Wharfbuilder (Limited)

HEALTH BUREAU

David C. Mcllhenny

Supervisory Hospital Administrative Officer Cecil D. Archbold

Physical Therapy Assistant Martin Barrios PharmacyAssistant Kenneth D; Nursing Assistant (Medicine Frances H. Drum,

Nursing

(Med

Vernon C

Nursingl Assistant (Medicme~an7f"5urg?ry)

Encamacion Valdes

Assistant Cook

Juan J. Vasquez

Hospital Attendant

MARINE BUREAU

Richard W. Abell General Foreman

(Lock Operations)

F. G. Berwanger

Leader Lock Operator

(Machinist) Leon S. Fishbough

Leader Lock Operator

(Machinist)

Theodore W. A. Krzys

Machinist

William W. Morris Towing Locomotive

Operator Gust E. Rosene

Machinist (Marine) James W. Watson

Master, Towboat

Carl A. Yarbro Lock Operator (EnginemanHoisting and Portable) Benigno Alvarez Helper Lock Operator

Tomas G. Amador

Maintenanceman

Clifford A. Anthony

ck"

Deckhanc

o\\n \

aptain

rmonjeetona

aunch)

Norman Lindo

Deckhand

Manuel Mero

Seaman

Mateo Molina

Deckhand

Maximo Molina

Helper Lock Operator

Samuel S. Morgan

Deckhand

Ernesto Perez Helper Lock Operator Oscar T. Phillips

Carpenter

Baltazar Romero

Deckhand

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Joyce B. Bevington

Supervisory Clerical Assistant (Typing)

Hamner C. Cook

Accounting Clerk

Teofila Badillo

Utility Worker

Carlos Coto

Utility Worker

Doris Daniels Clerk

Aquilino de la Cruz Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator

Maybell Maud Forbes Cook, Short Order

Abraham W. Forcheney

Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator

Victoriano Gondola

Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator

Alvin G. Gunter

Laborer (Cleaner) Hannah A. Jackman

Storekeeping Clerk Maria D. Nurse Maid

TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Evelyn R. Condon

Accounting Technician Robert W. Parker Leader Liquid Fuels Wharfman

Milton E. Stone

Supervisory Cargo

Checking Assistant Adolphus E. Johnson Helper Automotive

Machinist Aston L. Morris Cargo Checker

Gilberto Ortega

Truck Driver Ronald F. Payne

Truck Driver

The Panama Canal Review 13
TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES

The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net

tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:

United States intercoastal East coast of United States and South America.

East coast of United States and Central America

East coast of United States and Far East United States/Canada east coast and Australasia Europe and west coast of United States/Canada

Europe and South America

Europe and Australasia

All other routes

Total traffic

Third Quarter, Fiscal Year
CANAL TRANSITS - COMMERCIAL AND U.S. GOVERNMENT
EFFECTS AND

o

aftereffects HIPPING of the

long, costly longshoremen's strike in the United States speckled the first quarter

1963 pattern of Panama Canal transits,

tolls, and cargoes. Although the strike ended January 25, cargo movements in many east and gulf coast ports still were

snarled weeks later. Large numbers of freighters, rail cars, and trucks were piled up in coastal harbors and handling costs mounted

rapidly because of the congestion.

Record numbers of waterfront workers were on the job in many ports, with still not enough longshoremen available to meet demands. As late as mid-March

it appeared that it would be several more weeks before "normal" operations were restored at some points.

Capsulized, the effects on the Pan- ama Canal were: January—Traffic fell to about the 1958 level. February—There was some poststrike recovery, to a level about equal

to last year. March—Transits tied the previous

high month of May 1961, and marked

recovery in tolls income pushed the

figure to $5,241,310, compared with

$5,200,903 for the same month last year. The 1,030 March transits included

991 commercial ships, second highest

month for this category, and 31 Government ships, about double the March

1962 level for this bracket. No single

day's traffic, however, matched the 60

ships which arrived for transit last November 5, highest figure since World

War II, during the Cuban crisis. Cargo tonnage moving through the Canal in March was below the level

for the same month in 1962. At the close of the third quarter, it appeared that actual tonnage for fiscal year 1963 would end up at about the 1961 level of 63.7 million long tons. General cargo ships have been carry- ing less cargo per Panama Canal net ton capacity. This drop has been

evident since 1959. Contributing significantly to this has been a downward

trend in Japanese business and cargoes

after a peak in June 1961. Japan tightened currency controls in mid-1961,

eased them starting in October 1962.

It is anticipated that the rate of growth

of Japanese industrial production will return to its 1960-61 rate in 1963. A cargo tonnage upturn was shown

TRANSITS BY OCEAN-GOING

VESSELS IN MARCH

1963 1962 Commercial 991 980

U.S. Government 31 15 Free 8 10

Total 1,030 1,005

TOLLS •

Commercial $5,085,705 $5,099,974

U.S. Government 155,605 100,929

Total $5,241,310 $5,200,903

CARGO *

Commercial 5,609,988 6,200,254

U.S. Government 113,717 87,543 Free 51,038 39,824

Total. , 5,774,743 6,327,621

"Includes tolls on all vessels, ocean-going and small.

•• Cargo figures are in long tons.

in Canal records for February, but it

is still too early to determine whether

this is a valid encouraging sign or merely a temporary condition. Tanker transits appear to be leveling

off after having peaked in August 1962

at their highest postwar point. The

surge was due in large part to the severe winter and increased Japanese fuel oil purchases from Venezuela. Crude oil, fuel oil, and petroleum products movements generally have been up in recent months.

Iron ore movements are drifting



Date Due

Due

AJ—

Returned I Due

' Returned

XMHL&itWEEM
P 187

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 04820 4829