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VoL 3, No. 3 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, OCTOBER 3, 1952 5 cents LAYOUT IN COROZAL DEVELOPMENT REVEALS

NEW CONCEPT IN TOWN PLANNING FOR ZONE

Governor Talks On

Rent, Maintenance

At Monthly Meeting

Quarters for U. S.-rate employees of the Company-Government organization are now required to be self-supporting, Gov.

J. S. Seybold told employee representatives last week at the September Gover- nor-Employee Conference. U. S.-rate quarters, however, do not support local-rate quarters and will not be required to do so, he said. Local-rate quarters are handled under a separate

financial arrangement, the Governor ex- plained without going into detail on this. Quarters, he added, also are not charged any share of the cost of the Canal Zone Government (schools, health, fire, and

police protection) although charges are now made against the quarters for administration, incidental expenses, maintenance, depreciation, and interest costs, as required by the Bureau of the Budget. Non-employee tenants will be charged

rents which carry a surcharge for the

costs of Government. The Governor's explanation, (See page J,)

A new concei)l in town planning for Canal Zone communities

has been adopted for the development of the new residential area at Corozal. This is one of two major II. S.-rate townsite developments

planned in the quarters construction program for this fiscal year. The other will be on Empire Street in Balboa where quarters

are being vacated for clearance of the old buildings.

This fiscal year's building program on It is expected that bids on the Corozal

the Atlantic side will consist chiefly of buildings and those on Empire Street will the construction of community facilities. In all, 128 single-family units and 20

two-family houses are planned for the

area at Corozal which was transferred

earlier this year to the Canal for a new

housing project. Engineering and Construction forces are presently engaged in grading the area which lies along the noith side of Gaillard Highway between

the Army Sales Store and the main en- trance to the Army Post. The section between the Sales Store and the Albrook

Field boundary also was transferred but

this site will not be used in this year's

project. Type of Houses

Both masonry and off-the-ground quarters will be built at Corozal. All but one

of the houses on Empire Street will be of masonry construction. Twenty-two houses

will be built on Empire Street, of which two will be two-family buildings.

be advertised the latter part of this month.

Bids will be opened early m December

and construction will start early in 1953. The Engineering and Construction

work, which consists of grading and in- stallation of drainage structures, will be

practically completed by the end of December. The accompanying map of the Corozal development shows the general street and housing layout. Instead of being developed by "blocks" with numerous

street crossings in the residential area, one main boulevard will circle the site and short circular or dead-end streets will serve the residences. Three large, horse- shoe streets and several dead-end streets

will connect with the high-speed main

thoroughfare. Entrance to the area from

Gaillard Highway will be provided near

the old Corozal Railroad Station. A large cleared area will {See page 4)
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW October 3,1952

CanaFs Radio-Electronic Unit Deals

With Latest In Scientific Equipment

SOME OF THE INTRICATE equipment which comes into the Balboa shop of the Radio-Electronics unit of the Electrical Division for repair or adjustment

is shon-n above. At the left is William H. Edmondson, Electronics Engineer in charge of the unit, and Edward W. Voss, Electronics Mechanic.

So, you think you have trouble with

2.5-cycle electric current? Consider then the problems of the men

in the Radio-Electronics unit of the Electrical Division who work daily with equip- ment having a frequency range from 2.5 to 10 billion cycles. The type of equipment which the unit

is prepared to adjust or repair ranges from the minature radio you set by your bed at night to hear the late news broadcast to radar screens—the 10,000,000,000-

cycle frequency equipment—sufficiently powerful to plot the course of a hea\y

thunderstorm. Some of the marvels of the

electronics age on which shipping and

Canal units now depend so heavily include

radar; long-range navigation equipment

(loran); ship-to-shore radio telephones; fathometers which measure the depth of the ocean by electronic depth recorders; Canal Zone Police radio cars and trans- mission stations; low, medium, and high frequency sending stations; public address systems; movie projectors; and tele- phone tie-in equipment for use on short- range radio.Unit One Of Newest

Comparatively speaking, the RadioElectronics unit is a baby in the Canal

organization. It was not many years ago

that ships in transit through the Canal

used only the visual navigation signals and Zone Police used the nearest tele- phone to make an emergency call. The first basic unit dealing with elec- tronics devices was organized in 19.37 to

install and service the ship-to-shore communications system. The unit was a part

of the Marine Bureau for 1.5 years being

transferred to the Electrical Division last April so that all work of this nature could be centrally handled. The work of the unit is so highly technical that not many outside the organization realize the extent of the work and the

large number of fixed, mobile, and port- able units now being used to speed Canal operations. The Radio-Electronics unit is fully

equipped to do repair work on privately- owned radios and phonographs in the Canal Zone but it is really only starting

to provide this service now. Ship Work Schedule

Generally, most of the electronics mechanics have their hands full in repairing

or servicing radar, loran, fathometers, and other such specialized gadgets

aboard ships which is done while the vessels are in transit. The work is begun at the outer anchorage when a ship is en route from the Pacific to the

Atlantic. If the electronics mechanic fails to complete a job by the time the vessel reaches Gamboa, he leaves the ship and

the work is resumed at Gatun Locks by

an Atlantic side repairman.

Occasionally some of the small equip- ment or parts are removed for repairs in the shops but the larger equipment is never removed from ships in tran.'it. Can-'l units which now depend on radio

0"

ONE OF THE PORTABLE radio telephone sets used by Canal Pilots for ship-tc-shore communications while vessels are in transit is being held by

,1. De Costa, helper in the Radio Electronics shop in Balboa. This set weighs only 20 pounds. They

replace two-unit sets which weigh 60 pounds.

or radio-telephone equipment for instan- taneous communications now include the Navigation, Dredging, Locks, and Police

Divisions. The Marine Bureau has about

90 fixed and mobile sending units and

about 50 portable sets which are used by

Canal pilots for communications with the Canal Dispatchers and the two Port

Captain's Offices. The idea for ship-to-shore radio-tele- phones was first broached in 1937 but it was not until after the war ended that

satisfactory portable equipment was

available. The first successful sets to be

used came in two units and weighed 60

pounds. Some of the portable sets now in use weigh only 20 pounds. They are taken aboard ships by seamen in canvas bags,

for use by the pilots. Mobile Units Installed The first mobile transmitter sets used by the Canal were installed on launches and tugs. These enabled launch operators

to receive orders while on duty in the harbor without returning to their home

bases or to a landing where telephone

service was available. Some of the most modern electronics equipment is being used by the Dredging

Division. All of the large floating equip- ment and offices of the division have

radio-telephones. It is the only system

which has a connecting telephone matching

system which permits calls to be made to any of the fi.xed or mobile receiving units from Canal Zone telephones. Some of the latest type equipment

with which the Radio -Electronics now

works is a public address, or paging, system at Miraflores Locks. It consists of

21 1 loud speakers connected with the new

automatic telephone .service at Miraflores Locks. It provides instantaneous communications to all parts of the Locks area and permits the lockmaster or control house operator to page anyone in the area by telephone. The system is equipped

with two automatic level control units, one of which controls the voice volume

and the other the tonal i.Sc< page S)
October 3, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW Nurse-Advisor On Baby Care

Says That Babies Are People

Canal's Radio-Eleclronic Unit Deals With Latest In Scientific Equipment

"A baby is a little tiny grown up per- son," according to Mr.s. Kathcrinc M.

Swain (almost universally known as "Katie Mary." for her first and maiden

names), long-time District Xurse and one-woman Well Haby Clinic for the

Pacific side of the Isthmus. That (juote distills the instructions and

advice she gives daily to hundreds of mothers whost' babies she has a hand in getting through babyhood. She met and inquired about the health

of some I, ()()() new babies last year—in their homes or in the well baby clinics she

holds in Halboa, La Boca, Ancon, Pedro

Miguel. (laniboa, Paraiso, and Red Tank. And this has been going on for the 20

years in which she has been Pacific side District Nurse—except that the baby

crop was much bigger during the wai- years of increased birth rates and

expanded Canal Zone population. Mrs. Swain holds no brief for books on baby care unless they are tempered with an understanding that a baby is an in- dividual who may or may not act or develop in accordance with any generali- zations about the actions of most babies. She would also be in favor of banning baby scales from the homes of new born

babies. Her reason, again, is that each baby is different. Some babies are gluttons, some just aren't hungry, some eat a

lot and gain little, others eat little and

gain a lot just like their elders. The baby's individualities in this re- spect are usually no more cause for alarm

than the eating quirks of adults, according

to Mrs. Swain.

Just like other people, babies want to be appreciated and are pretty sure to show in one way or another their reactions

to too much or too little regard, she says. Bad people, in the opinion of Mrs. Swain, develop from unloved babies. Her common sense counsel that babies

are people begins and ends like this: When in doubt or confused, rely on com- mon sense and treat babies as you would

other people. Mrs. Swain makes at least one call on all new babies on the Pacific side born in the Canal Zone or born to Canal Zone residents. She checks mother and baby to see how

they are getting along and sees that the baby is vaccinated for smallpox. She

e.xplains other immunizations that babies should have and leaves the mothers pamphlets on the subject. She offers advice about formulas and

diets, suggests why a baby may be crying, or if it is indicated, suggests that the mother should take the new arrival to a

doctor. She tells the new mothers when

and where her clinics are held and urges them to attend them regularly. About half of those she visits do come

to the clinics. There were about .300 babies and more than 500 visits to her

clinics last month, for instance. There, another nurse gives the baby

vaccinations. Mrs. Swain checks and

weighs them and gives the mothers helpful advice about the care of the baby

generally.

If the babies cannot go to the Well Baby Clinic, the Well Baby Clinic goes to them in their homes. The number of house calls made by Mrs. Swain totals something like 125 in what might be termed an ordinary week.

MRS. "KATIE MAin" .-^WAIX, loni;-tim,- District Xurse, is sho\vn with one of the many baljies ?he

helps usher through babyhocd, lO-month-old Clyde

D. Lashley, .Jr., whose mother brings him to the Well Baby Clinic at La Boca. The young husky's father works at the Oil Handling Plant and his mother is an employee of the .\ncon Commissary.

Mrs. Swain's manner is notably sharp

if she senses that a mother may have been

remiss in her maternal duties but the

nurse's mother-like reprimands seldom

ruffle anyone, least of all the "baby

institution," Mrs. Swain. And mothers who ask when their babies

will stop crying at night or other questions

of that general order are apt to be referred

to a higher power—"I'm sure I wouldn't know," Mrs. Swain tells them. The long-time District Nurse came to the Canal Zone in 1922 as a nurse at Ancon, now Gorgas Hospital, where she worked for about a year. Before coming to the Isthmus, she had

served as an Army nurse in England for two years in W^orld W' ar I ; was a general duty nurse and head floor nurse for about

four years in the Good Samaritan Hospital

in Lexington, Kentucky, where she also took nurses training; and had done social work as a visiting nurse for two years in the hills of Kentucky. A widow, Mrs. Swain resumed her nursing career in 193.3 after working for about two years in other Canal units and

intermittently as a nurse in Health Bureau units. Apart from all the other people's chil- dren who claim her attention daily, she has Jack, a 26-year-old artist son recently graduated from Notre Dame and nowliving in California, and a married daughter and three grandchildren, 11, 5, and 2

years old, living in St. Francisville, La. She also has a large circle of family and

friends in her native state of Kentucky

whom she expects to join when she retires from Canal service in two years—or maybe less. Meanwhile her many and long-time

friends on the Isthmus can enjoy her

parties and dinners—particularly the

spaghetti on which she has founded a glowing reputation for very special culinary skill.

iCmtinu-.d from pag: 2) qualities of the

telephones over which calls are made. The

.system has an emergency control by

which the control house operator can take

control of all loud speakers and automatically cut out any telephone calls from the outside. Similar equipment is to be installed at Pedro Miguel and Gatun Locks along with the automatic

telephones. Medium Frequency Station

All of the communications with Canal

tugs outside of Canal waters and Panama

Line ships at sea are channeled through

the medium frequency ship-shore radio

station in Cristobal. This fixed station has a range up to about 1,500 miles at

sea. It has been in operation since March 1949. Prior to its installation, the only avail- able communication was over high fre- quency sending sets, intended for harbor

use and located in the two Port Captains'

Offices. This type of equipment sends

out its radio or electrical impulses in a

straight line much the .same as light rays. Since high frequency radio waves do not bend with the earth's curvature, the sending sets' range was only a .short distance beyond the horizon. The waves, however, continue in a straight line until they strike the ionized atmospheric shell which encompasses the earth and is known

as the Heaviside layer. The waves then bounced or caromed back to earth and

could be picked up by receiving sets thousands of miles away. Talks By Relay On several occasions communications

were established with Canal tugs well out at sea on emergency missions through

the military transmitting station at Quantico, Va., where the radio waves hit when they bounced back to earth. A

similar system was used several times by

the Police radio patrol cars in Cristobal

w'ho skipped their messages to the Heaviside layer and then to Gulfport,

Miss., where the police used the same

frequency. The latter in turn relayed the message back to the police in Balboa. The mountain range along the Isthmus

hinders reception between the radio patrol

cars in Balboa and Cristobal. According to William H. Edmondson,

(electronics engineer) who has charge of the Radio-Electronics unit, the height of the Heaviside layer differs from day to night and from year to year and its height governs the length of the radio wave

"skip" which ranges from 1,000 to 3,000

miles. For some reason the height of the Heaviside layer coincides with the sun

spot cycle which is 1 1 years in length. It

will be at its lowest next year and then

will begin to rise. Consequently the "skips" will lengthen until, at their longest range, they will miss the earth

entirely. Mr. Edmondscn, a native of Georgia, was employed for experimental work on

radio-telephone equipment in the Balboa

Port Captain's office on Ap.il 1, 1937, following his honorable discharge after 12 years of service in the Navy. Part of his duty with the 1 5th Naval District was

with the Naval Radio Station in David

which for many years furnished radio communications for both mUitarj' and

commercial aircraft between (5e? paj; 13)
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW October 3, 1952

Governor Talks On Rents And

Maintenance At Monthly Meeting

[Cmtinued from page 1

)

in which

he was assisted by Henry L. Donovan, who as Community Services Director was described as "owner" of the quarters, was made during the conference's main

topic of discussion—the increased rentals on all U. S.-rate quarters which will not be torn down this year. The rental increases which he termed

"rather severe," have been made, the Governor said, because of revised general

policies on federal housing, all of which is now required to pay interest, and because

of the Bureau of the Budget's decision that housing must be self-sufficient. The Governor and Mr. Donovan told the conference that the book value of the

individual quarters is not the basis for

rentals. Rents have been set, rather, by

type and livability of house, so that each

type "will stand on its own two feet." Under the previous system, rent was

fixed on a square foot basis, together with added allowance for desirability and other

factors. The net result of this, the conference was told, was that older houses were helping to carry the rent on the newer quarters. Mr. Donovan read a list of the present and new rents on 21 representative types

of quarters, although he stressed that even within these types the rent would

vary somewhat on individual houses. The increased rents become effective October 26 for all employees quarters;

rental increases for non-employees and

those who pay on a cash basis are effective November 1. This led to a discussion of maintenance, which is again to be stepped up so that

quarters can be kept to an adequate

standard. The Board of Directors, the Governor said, has agreed that maintenance of quarters can no longer be

deferred. At this point the Governor pointed out

that "under the maintenance program on which we are embarking, housing will

still be in the red this fiscal year so that it will still be supported by the Company to some extent, as the 'break-even' adjust- ment is made on the basis of a full rental year." Mr. Donovan added that the major

part of the maintenance money this year

although below the amount spent in 1951,

will go toward painting. He added that the Administration

plans to have the housing operation on a "break even" basis in fiscal year 1954 when some .$250,000 additional, not in- cluded in 1952, will be spent on maintenance over what was spent in 1952. Rents in 1954 must also cover $210,000

in interest and $100,000 additional for depreciation. Much of the efficiency of the maintenance program, the Governor commented, will depend on the employees

themselves. It is up to the supervisors, he added, to see that a dollar's worth of man-hour work is performed for every

dollar spent. Commissary prices were the next subject. The Governor told the employee

representatives that while the Commissary Division has been relieved of its .share of Canal Zone Government costs and that while this amounted to a considerable amount of money, householders

will notice little change in retail prices. This sum, large as it is, will be returned

to the customers in the form of price reductions but these will be spread

over so great a number of items that the

price decrease will be hardly perceptible. Unfortunately, the Governor added, an

unexpected rise in basic beef prices re- quires an immediate increase in over-the- counter prices. Asked as to the likelihood of a major

force reduction, the Governor said that he foresaw no great force cuts. "There probably will be some reduction, but not what I would term drastic," he said. He explained that the Canal organization is headed back to a maintenance

status whose main function is that of putting ships through the Canal, without

the artificial stimulus of a Third Locks

or similar population and force-increasing

project. "There will naturally be," he said, "some

contraction in scope," but added that he

believed a majority of the personnel

affected could be assimilated. While rents, quarters maintenance, and

force reductions were the major subjects

discussed, a number of other matters were

also brought before the conference. Among these were:

Gasoline: High octane gasoline can be made available to Canal Zone buyers if there is sufficient demand to warrant a

capital expenditure of about $5,000 for special equipment. This gasoline would

cost about four cents more a gallon than

the present quality. Sugar: The Commissary Division has been instructed to stock States sugar in addition to that produced locally. Whether

or not this will continue to be carried will depend on customer demand.

Attending the meeting were, for the Administration: The Governor, Mr.

Donovan, Mr. Dunsmoor, and Edward A. Doolan, Personnel Director. For the Employees: John C. Harrison, Marine Engineers; William S. McKee,

Machinists; Joseph Garriel, Plumbers;

Layout In Corozal Development Reveals New Concept In Town Planning For Zone

{Continued from page I) be kept free

for an elementary school which is to be

built at a later date. The only other com- munity facility planned in the area is a swimming pool, also slated for later construction. Short feeder streets will connect these areas with main thoroughfares around the townsite. Eliminate Traffic Hazards The street and town layout will elimi- nate all dangerous traffic intersections. The short feeder streets will also serve to reduce the speed of traffic in the resi- dential areas while providing easy access

to the main traffic artery. The new houses in Corozal will be adapted to the terrain rather than having

terrain graded to fit the houses. Where

flat areas are not available for groundlevel, masonry quarters, elevated houses

will be built. In most cases the terrain is such that hill-side houses wiU have at

least three-quarters of the house space provided for basement. All of the ele- vated houses will be single units. Houses will be faced into the prevailing breeze wherever it is practical and all will be located to provide maximum space

for outdoor living. They have been

plotted to give a larger yard space at back

than in front.

Daniel P. Kiley, Pacific Locks Employees; Rufus Lovelady and Herschel Gandy for the AFGE; Walter Wagner, J. J. Tobin, and Owen Corrigan for the Central Labor

Union; and, for the Civic Councils: Charles W. Hammond, General Committee Chairman; Margaret Rennie, Pacific; the Rev. Philip H. Havener, Cris- tobal-Margarita; Raymond Ralph, Gatun;

William H. Ward, Gamboa; and Bronson

Powell, Pedro Miguel. BALBOA

October 4th

KILLER OR HERO?,

CRISTOBAL

October 11th

ffl-G-IVI gives the dramatic answer

in a great

real- life story JAMES STEWART

CARBINE WILLIAMS

JEAN HAGENliELL COREY

COMING SOON! |<l^^

JAMES CAGNEY ^CORINNE CALVET-DAN DAILEYi

WHATPRICEGIARY

yecA/M/io€otr 2a
Octobers, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

FOR YOUR INTEREST AND GUIDANCE ^CCIDENT PREVENTION

SAFETY

AND THE INDIVIDUAL

The National Safety Couneil published an article on why people do things which

result in their injury or death. \\'hy will a man stick his hand in a power saw to see if it is spinning, or light a match to see how much gasoline is in a tank? Why is it a woman stands waiting on a curb then dashes out trying to cross ahead of a heavy moving truck? The Safety Branch

files are full of many such foolish acts. These accidents cannot be shrugged off by

saying the person was stupid, or it was

the "Will of Allah." Looking at the individual from this point of view, then safety consciousness becomes a psychological problem. The

same factors which create interest in a man for his job act to make him want to work safely. It was pointed out that a man's job is not for the sole purpose of keeping him alive, but it is a vital part of

his life, and the way he lives. Therefore, when we begin to teach safety conscious- ness to a man, we are attempting to change his way of living and how he

thinks. That is the reason so much re- sentment and opposition is encountered. The National Safety Council points out

that an individual is not made up of seg- HONOR ROLL

Bureau Award For BEST RECORD

August CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

INDUSTRIAL BUREAU

AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR

Community Services 5

Civil Affairs 3 Industrial 3 Engineering and Construction 1 Health 1 Marine

Railroad and Terminals

Supply and Service

Division Awards For NO DISABLING INJURIES

August MAINTENANCE DIVISION CLUBHOUSE DIVISION ELECTRICAL DIVISION MOTOR TRANSPORTATION DIVISION AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEAR

Clubhouses 6 Grounds Maintenance 6 Electrical -1 Motor Transportation 4 Dredging 3 Hospitalization and Clinics 3 Storehouses 3 Railroad 2 Sanitation 2 Maintenance 1 Naviga tion 1 Commissary

Locks Terminals

nients operating separately, with one seg- ment wanting to do one thing well and

another wanting to do it poorly. If he has

the desire he will try to do all things well. These things operate simultaneously as a

unit, being elements of his total make-up. However, no one is perfect. We all have some weaknesses, either mentally or

physically. These weaknesses are our

handicaps. Actually every individual is a handicapped person in some way or other. We are handicapped in some degree educationally, economically, or by physical

defects. Some are handicapped by social environment, or lack of opportunity. An

individual never wants to work at a job where he is handicapped psychologically

or physically. Placed in such a job, he

will become unhappy, frustrated, and

accident prone. Individuals who have many accidents on one job continue to have them when moved to another, unless their handicaps are taken into consideration. Adjustment is the basic activity de- manded of everything that lives. Those who continue to be accident prone are those having the most trouble in over- coming their handicaps. Studies have

been made to determine what kind of individuals these people are. In the United States, they make up 25 percent of the working population and cause 75 percent of the accidents. It can be as- sumed that since human nature is the same everywhere, then about the same

percent of individuals cause 75 percent of the accidents experienced by the Panama

Canal Company-Canal Zone Government. The other 25 percent of accidents are caused by employees like you and me in our unguarded and off moments. We

have our ups and downs, with anxiety and frustration showing dui-ing times of emotional stress. It is then we are prone

to have accidents.

It was found by the National Safety Council that the continually accident- prone individuals have the following traits

in common:

1. In school he was a poor student, and left school early to seek his independence.

2. Hi.H work record is full of short- time jobs, with poor adjustment to %is

previous employment.

3. He criticizes his own mistakes in

others and cannot take criticism himself. Always a "finijcr pointer."

Jf. He dislikes discipline, wants to be a "lone wolf," with an unusual amount of resentment against persons

in authority.

5. He demands to be important

with a strong desire to be his own boss.

6. He is impulsive—acts on the spur of the moment. He "blows up"

over trifles. 7. He wants to be pampered, but

gets the "swell head" if praised.

8. He must ahmys be right and

feels big by making others feel small.

9. He considers only the immediate

future and satisfaction of each day. He avoids responsibility where possible, never wanting to cooperate with

others in his work, or theirs. 10. He displays an unsual hatred for

racial groups other than his own, often joining with others in some antisocial

action. You can bet your life that if you have most of these characteristics, you have

been and will be involved in many acci- dents. If you are not in this class, don't bet your life that you won't have an acci- dent. That may be the "off day" you feel like displaying the above characteristics and consequently become a statistic in the Safety Branch accident files.

Disabling Injuries per 1,090,000 Man-H«urs Worked AUGUST 1952 (Frequency Rate)

Civil Affairs Bureau

Industrial Bureau

Engineering and Construction Bureau Community Services Bureau Marine Bureau

C. Z. Gov't-Panama Canal Co. (This month)

Supply and Service Bureau

C.Z. Gov't-Panama Canal Co. (1952 to Date)

C.Z. Gov'l-Panama Canal Co. (Best Year)

Health Bureau

Railroad and Terminals Bureau

Number of Disabling Injuries 31 Man-Hours Worked ..2,855,222 LEGEND

I

I Amouat Better Than Panama Canal Company—Canal Zone Government Beat Year ^^^S Amount Worse Than Panama Canal Company—Canal Zone Govamment Best Year
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW October 3, 1952 Canal Engineer Invents

Air Conditioning Device

J. A. McKINLEY, REFRIGERATION ENGINEER in the Engineering Division, displays the equipment with which he has for a year successfully dehumidified and cooled to his comfort one room of

his apartment in Balboa. The $6 lamp with heating unit looks like simple air conditioning but the precision of the calculations that led to its adoption is quite another matter.

The tropics were too tropical for J. A. McKinley, Refrigeration Engineer in the Engineering Division, when he came to the Canal Zone about 2 years ago to work

on the new Ice| Cream and Milk Bottling Plant of the Commissary Division at Mount Hope. The hot and humid Isthmian night air interfered so much with his sleep that he

decidecj he had to do something about it

if he were to remain on the Isthmus. He was far from the first sojourner on

the Isthmus to be bothered by oppressive humidity. The problem had been given

considerable study by the Navy during World War II, particularly as it affected patients on hospital ships transiting the Canal. The Navy answer to the problem

involved complicated machinery and

equipment. Mr. McKinley studied the Navy

findings and did considerable research of

his own but made several false starts and

bogged down in insufficient calculations before coming up with his final successful

solution.Kibitizers Watch Work

Kibitizing fellow Canal engineers, who

followed the progress of his problem, were

impressed with his final answer, but even

with similar eciuipment, failed to effect the same resulte, probably because of in- sufficient calculations which thwarted McKinley's first efforts. His air conditioning and dehumidifying scheme looks disarmingly simple.

It's simple enough if—and there's more than one rub—you follow Mr.

McKinley's calculations of grains of perspiration lost in an houi-; records of Isthmian relative humidity at different

times of day; British thermal units of body heat and how much must be cai'ried away for comfort; means and extremes of wind velocity; amount of air that goes through certain size holes at a specified

wind velocity; wattage necessary to warm

a specified amount of air; and all probable

variations of those calculations and a few

other .such "simple" details.

\\'hi'n you know those things, you can

then work up the necessary air flow tables showing air temperatures, degrees of heat, capacity of the air to hold moisture and

its capacity to absorb it; and tl e required cubic feet per minute of air. Then all you have to do is to button up

the proper amount of door and windowspace and you have it—dehumidified air conditioning. The real secret of tempering the air, Mr. McKinley says, is to reduce the air flow through the room to such a small amount that a 75 watt heater will keep

the room at 79 to 80 degrees during the

night, which will give the desired dryness'. His Apartment Air Conditioned The equipment Mr. McKinley uses in the bedroom of the "12-family" apart- ment in Balboa consists of a few yards of monks cloth to cover unwanted openings and one $6 gooseneck student lamp with

a regular dry closet heating unit. The

openings, of course, are in certain pretleterniined places and let in a predeter- mined amount of air —just enough

to keep it moving and keep it dry (of course, a certain degree of dryness) and

keep Mr. McKinley cool. The bedroom is, with his scientific

fixing, something like a dry closet, but

a dry closet the likes cf which there are

few, if any, on the Isthmus. Most of them, Mr. McKinley explains, lack one of the first essentials, a provision for air flow

to prevent the warm air inside from becoming saturated. Cockroaches and other tropical bugs who used to hang out in his apartment

don't care for his dehumidifying and go

elsewhere for their fun. He says he has

seen roaches bustle in to his dehumidified bedroom, apparently sniff the arid air and

then turn tail and run.

Ancon Police Station Closed Last Month

ANCON POLICE STATION (-pcrati.m.s urrr

transferred early in September to Balboa. The

change was made as an administrative economic

measure and will not affect the police protection in that are,-,. The consolidation had lieen under consideration for some time. The Ancon Station, shown above, was built about

12 years ago when the former station at the corner of

Kipani .'^livrt :ind ,\nr,Mi H»ylc\aid wa,-^ tran.=- ferred for use as a Branch of the Gha.'e .National Bank. The old building has since been demolished. As a Police Station, the Ancon station was one of the oldest in the Canal Zone. A one-room shack

served as a police station in 1004 when the Police Division was first organized soon after the Canal work was done.
Octobers, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW PANAMA CANAL COMPANY

Canal Activity Service Activity Commercial Activity

XAVU.ATION

( l.l HHOUSES

lloncL WASHINGTON COMMISSARY DIVISION DREDGING CONSTRUCTION AND

MAINTENANCE

MOTOR TRANSPORTATION

PANAMA LINE LOCKS

RAILROAD

FERRIES

PRINTING PLANT POWER SYSTEM TERMINALS

(Docks and Piers) METEOROLOGY AND

HYDROGRAPHY TliLEPHONE SYSTEM

WATER SYSTEM MARINE BUNKERING ENC.INEERINC; STOREHOUSES

QUARTERS

INDUSTRIAL BUREAU

TIVOLI GUEST HOUSE

_l

EDITOR'S NOTE: The chart above shows the alignment of Panama Canal Company units or functions as pres- ently constituted. Because of the widespread misunderstanding of the pay- ment of the net costs oif Canal Zone

Government, the accompanying state- ment will serve to clarify in the minds

of those employees how this net cost of

civil government is met and how it is apportioned.

In his press conference at the close of the Board of Directors meeting last month, Under Secretary of the Army

Karl R. Bendetsen, Chairman of the Board, explained that no part of the

cost of civil government is now being met by employees. He called special attention to the fact that the Commissaries and Clubhouses are required to do no more than "break absolutely even." The essential fact in this complicated

question is that the Board of Directors have excluded those employee services, such as housing, commissaries, and

clubhouses, from the requirenient of paying any part of the cost of civil government.

It is to be noted that only intra- agency activities, which include employee services, are excluded from the payment of a proportionate share of

civil government costs. Where such

services are rendered to both employees

or Company-Government units and

individuals or agencies outside the

costs will be identified so that they will be provided at a break-even basis to employees and to Company-Govern- ment units.

Official Panama Canal Company Publication Published Monthly at BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE

Printed by tht Prinling Plant

A/ouJi/ Hope, Canal Zone John S. Seybold, Governor-President SUBSCRIPTIONS—$1.00 a year SINGLE COPIES—5 cents each On sale at all Panama Canal Clubhouses,

Commissaries, and Hotels for 10 days after publication date. SINGLE COPIES BY MAIL-lOcenis each BACK COPIES— 10 cents each On sale when available, from the Vault

Clerk, Third Floor, .Administration Building, Balboa Heights.

Postal money orders should be made payable to the Treasurer, Panama Canal Company, and mailed to Editor, The Pan.\m.\

C.\N.\L Review, Balboa Heights, C. Z.

The Panama Canal Company Act

(Public Law 841) requires that the net

cost of Canal Zone Government be paid by the Panama Canal Company. It also established the following formula for the payment of these costs: "Tolls shall be prescribed at a rate or

rates calculated to cover, as nearly as

practicable, all costs of maintaining and

operating the Panama Canal, together with the facilities and appurtenances re- lated thereto, including interest and depreciation, and an appropriate share of the net costs of operation of the agency known as the Canal Zone Government.

In the determination of such appropriate

share, substantial weight shall be given to the ratio of the estimated gross revenues

of the said corporation exclusive of the

cost of commodities resold, and exclusive

of revenues arising from transactions within the said corporation or from trans- actions with the Canal Zone Government." The arrival of a final "determination of such appropriate share" of the net costs

of civil government to be met by Canal

tolls has been one of the principal fiscal problems in the reorganization. It has been under constant study by the Board

of Directors and the Canal administration

since July 1, 19.51. In effect, this formula divided the

activities of the Canal, proper, from all subsidiary functions of the Panama Canal Company. When the Company was established in July of last year, all subsidiary functions, with the exception of "Employee Quarters" were classified in the general cate- gory of Commercial Activities. Under

this alignment only "Employee Quarters" were excluded from meeting any share of the net cost of civil government. A realignment of Company functions was made in January 1952, in which the

following were classified as "Service

Activities:" Building, electrical and municipal work. Motor Transportation, the Printing Plant, power svstem, telephone system, water system, storehouses, and

employee quarters. Under this arrangement each of these

services was re!ie\-ed of any payment for the cost of civil government. A further realignment was later authorized by the Board of Directors which

places commissaries and clubhouses in the "Service Activity" group, which relieves

these units from payment of cost of Canal government also. The latest realignment leaves the fol- lowing in the "Commercial Activity" group: Marine bunkering. Hotel Washington, the Panama Line, Panama Rail- road, and Terminals (docks and piers), which contribute to the Canal Zone government along with the Canal activities. The realignment of the various activites

in the Service and Commercial groups is predicated on the theory that employee

services are transactions within the corporation, as provided in the section of the Panama Canal Company Act quoted

above. The effect of these various changes and adjustments in transforming the Panama Canal from an independent Government agency to a corporate-type

organization, as explained by Under

Secretary of the Army Bendetsen in his press conference, has been in general to

relieve employees from the payment of

civil government costs.

It is not possible to give a figure on the "proportion" of the net cost of the Canal Zone Government borne by any indi- dual activity. Assessments are made

primarily for the purpose of fixing rates and the actual contribution of each

activity to the cost of government fluctu- ates from day to day according to its net operating results. For example, the Panama Railroad, which under the for- mula is chargeable with a share of the

cost of government, actually is operating

at a loss and therefore contributes nothing

to the cost of government. COMMISSARY TO ADOPT NEW STANDARD LABELING

The Commissai'y Division has begun a program of label revision to make all labeling of its Industrial Laboratory products conform to the United States Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act. The revision will bring Canal Zone

labeling into substantial conformity with

practices generally followed in the United

States. The principal change now being made

is the addition, on the labels, of information showing the net contents of packages. Subsequent changes wiU include the

addition of directions for the use of some

products whose labels do not now include such information.
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW Octobers, 1952 Philatelic Agency Sells $475,000

In Zone Stamps In Past 28 Years

Intense followers in many parts of the world peer over the shoulder of the Canal Zone Postal Service and pore over odd

bits of Isthmian history for any de\elii|i ment which might cast new light on then

interests in Canal Zone stamps.

Their window on official postal affaii^ and mail order house for many pur(ha^e^,

is the Philatelic agency for the Buieau ot Posts, the Post Office at Balboa Heights.

Inquiries, orders, and subsequent replies shuttle to and from the Philatelic Agency at a rate that makes the Balboa

Heights Post office one of its own best customers. An estimated $475,000 worth of Canal Zone stamps have been purchased by

collectors since the establishment of the

Philatelic Agency 28 years ago. Last year, $23,607 worth of stamps

were bought by philatelists. Anniversary Stamps Popular

Probably the most popular single issue

of Canal Zone stamps was the anniversary

series, first sold on August 15, 1939, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the opening of the Canal. About $22,000 worth of anniversary stamps were sold on the first day of issue and more than 50,000 first day covers were sent out by the Philatelic Agency. Face value of the entire issue of anni- versary stamps was $3.92. The catalog value now has risen to $51.25. Books have been written on the subject

of Canal Zone stamps, although there are comparatively few of the stamps. Judge E. i. P. Tatelman of the Cris- tobal Magistrate's Court is now at work

on a weighty volume on the subject, in collaboration with George W. Brett, a graduate student at the University of Chicago.

Philip L. Dade, Chief of the Contra- band Control Section, also has authored

a book on the subject which is expected

to be published soon. Two Stamps Clubs Here Two local organizations, the Caribbean and Cristobal Stamp Clubs, center considerable attention on Canal Zone stamps.

Officers of the Atlantic side group, of about 20 active members, are Clinton Von Pohle, President; Herbert Cohn of Colon, Vice President; and Robert

Boydston, Secretary-Treasurer, Radio

Operator on the Canal tug Taboga. The Pacific side club, of about 45 members, is headed by Mrs. Marie M.

Gore, President, Clerk-Typist in the

Police Division; Tom Neal, Vice Presi- dent; Cpl. Daniel D. Perry, of Corozal, Secretary; Sgt. Roy Williams of Corozal, Treasurer; Donald Tribe, a Balboa High

School student. Librarian; and Wayne

Ogle, of the American Embassy, Associate Secretary. Proof of the popularity of Canal Zone

stamps with a large and widespread group

of collectors is the existence of many

clever counterfeits of the authentic

originals. Some of the early Canal Zone stamps, which were surcharged for local use with

only a rubber stamp, have been so widely

counterfeited that local collectors believe there are probably more counterfeits now

in the hands of philatelists than the

JUDGE E. I. P. TATELMAN of the Cristobal Magistrate's Court, one of the most ardent and authoritative local specialists in Canal Zone stamps, is shown here engrossed in a variety in the perforations on a sheet of 10-cent West Indian commemorative

stamps. C. F. Hinz (left), Postmaster at Balboa

Heights heads Canal Zone Philatelic .Agency. number originally issued. Study Group Of 100 Members

Another reflection of increasing interest

is the recent formation of a study group

of about 100 members, mainly in the United States, which devotes itself exclusively to the subject of Canal Zone

stamps. This group includes many members of, and works in cooperation with, the American Philatelic Society, a general organization of some 11,000 members all over the world, and the Bureau Issues Association, of about 2,000 members,

primarily in the United States. Much of this widespread specialized

interest arises from the unique features of Canal Zone stamps, as products of a unique postal system. Patterned after but not a part of the United States Postal Service, the Canal

Zone Bureau of Posts is the only such

sejiarate ]wstal service in territory under

United States jurisdiction. As such, it issues its own Canal Zone stamps instead of using United States

postage, making it the only stamp issuing agency under the United States flag outside the United States Post Office Department in Washmgton.

There are comparatively few Canal

Zone stamps—another point which makes

them interesting to collectors who therefore can aspire to acquire all stamps of all issues more easily than from other stamp

issuing jurisdictions. Selections Are Limited

Only about 225 stamps of straight

issues—not countmg errors or varieties- have been used in the Canal Zone since United States occupation in 1904, as compared with thousands issued in the United States, for instance, over its much

longer period of postal history.

Philatelists also admire many Canal Zone stamps for the beauty of then- design. The stamps of the Canal anniversary

issue of 1939, for instance, are as beautiful as any issued any place at any time, in the opinion of many collectors. This

series included 16 regular mail and 6

aii'mail stamps, the former depicting Canal scenes "before" and "after" the opening of the waterway. They were suggested by former Presi- dent Franklin D. Roosevelt, himself a stamp collector, when he visited the Isthmus in 1938. They were designed by

Virgil D. Westbrook, former Associate

Architect for the Canal, who is also re- sponsible for the design of the 30-cent Williamson stamp. Other Canal architects who have de- signed Canal Zone stamps are Leo C. Page, who now heads the Canal archi- tectural staff, Meade Bolton, who held

the same post before his retirement in 1949, and John C. Buechele, who retired

last year as Architect. C. F. Hinz as Postmaster of the Balboa

Heights Post Office heads the Philatelic Agency. Mrs. Anna M. Jones, Postal

Clerk, is directly responsible for most of the orders and correspondence with

philatelists. In a normal month, about 150 letters and orders are handled by the Philatelic Agency. When the new series of airmail stamps was made available to the public

in July 1951, about 600 letters and orders were received at Balboa Heights that month.

8,000 On Collectors' List The Philatelic Agency's regular mailing

list now includes about 8,000 collectors and dealers to whom information is sent

concei'iiing new stamp issues or other

official happenings of philatelic interest. First day covers are another part of the stamp business of the Philatelic

v£9m im.r\ I

VOU WOULD HAVE TO PAY from $1,200 to Sl.-WO to buy the Canal Zone 5-centayo stamp in the center—that is if you were luckv enough to find one of the six known to the world of philatelists. The valuable stamp, issued by the Republic of Panama was surcharged for use in the Canal

Zone. It should have pictured .lusto Arosemena but bore instead the photograph of Francisco Fernandez

de Cordoba, whose picture belonged on the concurrent 2-ccntavo stamp shown on the right. A proper

5-centavo stamp of this issue is shown on the left in this trio.
October 3, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW

A^'iMicy. Oil tlu' first day of salf (if tlu' West Indian issue of August 15, 1951, eommemoratinK the eontiihutions of West Indian labor to Canal construction, the new sfcinips were affixed to some

5,500 envelopes, sent to the Agency for that purpose, and mailed to atldressees

in many countries on the first day of sale. About 33,000 first day covers were ()re- parcd by the Agency for release on June 1

,

1940, first day of sale of the "Gold Rush

Centennial" series, commemorating the gold rush to California across the Isthmus

of Panama in 1S49. Among the oddities of Canal Zone

postal history, of special interest to col- lectors, are three unusual trans-Isthmian

trips on w'hich specially cacheted covers were carried. One was the airmail flight of October

18, 191S from the Atlantic to the Pacific side of the Isthmus for the fourth Liberty Loan Drive. On May 7, 1919, the sub- marine U. S. S. C-3 carried mail through

the Canal to further the sale of Victory Loan Bonds. In 1945 the aircraft carrier U. S. S. Salerno Bay carried mail on its trip through the Canal. Helped War Bond Sales On all three trips, those who used the

special mail service, had to be subscribers

to United States war bonds. The Philatelic Agency at Balboa

Heights sells only current issue uncancelled stamps, including those affixed to first day covers. Sales of other Canal Zone stamps are the province of dealers and collectors. Fraud and finagling with postal stamps

for the benefit of postal employees have

been notably absent from the entire his- tory of the Canal Zone Postal Service, according to Judge Tatelman, a foremost

authority on the subject. There have been none of the deliberate

errors in printing, which cause the value

of a stamp to skyrocket, and no such

errors have been attempted by anyone

connected with the Canal Zone Postal

Service. The most rare and valuable Canal Zone stamp is now priced in catalogs at $1,250.

It is a five-centavo stamp, issued in Pan- ama and overprinted for Canal Zone use, which should have pictured Justo Arose- mena, but bears instead a picture of Francisco Fernandez de Cordoba, whose

picture belonged on the concurrent two-centavo stamp.

Six Stamps Known To Exist One sheet of the stamps with this error was issued but only six of the stamps are now known to philatelists. Probably second in value among Canal Zone stamps, which now catalogs at about

$500, is a United States stamp which was

overprinted for use in the Canal Zone. It

is a 12-cent stamp picturing former

President Grover Cleveland which was

overprinted in the United States Bureau

of Engraving and Printing. The word

"Zone" on the stamp, now referred to as the "Flat A overprint," was inverted in the printing. Stamps purchased from Panama and

surcharged "Canal Zone" were the first ones used in the Canal Zone. For example, one of these, known to collectors as "Canal Zone No. 1," was a two-centavo stamp issued by Colombia, before Pana- manian independence from that country, surcharged for use in Panama and in

MRS. .\NN.\ M. JONES, Postal Clerk at the Balboa Heights Post Office, handles most of the large volume of correspondence and orders for stamps

which come to the Canal Zone from philatelists all over the world.

turn, sold and surcharged again for use in the Canal Zone. Canal Zone No. 1 now is valued at $10. Five- and ten-centavo stamps of the same

issue, also issued originally by Colombia, now sell for about $5. Circular No. 1 issued by the Isthmian Canal Commission June 25, 1904, contained the order of the Secretary of War

establishing post offices and postal service

in the Canal Zone. Panama Stamps First Used Stamps for use by the new postal service had been ordered from the Post

Office Department in Washington, but

because they could not be shipped to arrive in time for the start of the new

postal service, the first stamps used were

purchased from Panama. The Panama stamps surcharged Canal Zone were used from June 25, 1904

(United States took possession of the New

French Canal Company's properties on

the fourth of the previous month) to July 17, 1904, when the United States stamps overprinted Canal Zone were

placed in use by the new postal service. The United States stamps surcharged Canal Zone were used only until December 1904, when stamps purchased from Panama were again placed in use and

continued in u.se until June 30, 1924. Some of the most beautiful Canal Zone

stamps were those issued by Panama in 1915 for the opening of the Panama Canal

the year before. U. S. Stamps Surcharged

United States stamps surcharged Canal Zone were used from 1924 to 1928, when

the Canal Zone Bureau of Posts placed on

sale the first of its own issue stamps, which have been in use since that time. The permanent series of Canal Zone

stamps, first issued in 192.S. honor the

great figures connected with the construction of the Canal. Commemorative issues have been re- stricted to significant events and affairs

in the annals of Isthmian history and

have been issued on the date which highlights best the significance of the issue. Stamp Files Voluminous

The first letter in what are now volu- minous Canal files on the subject of philately was dated June 27, 1904, and

was addressed to "U. S. Governor Davis,"

first Governor of the Canal Zone. It came from an IS-year-old in Hempstead, Long Island, who asked the Governor to use the enclosed 50 cents to buy the young

philatelist as many stamps as possible. The flood of philatelic correspondence

that began in 1904 and continues to the

present time is sprinkled with about the normal number of illegible, entertaining,

or just very human letters, many of which

deal with both postal and personal affairs and mix philosophy with their philately. At the time stamps were first issued by

the Bureau of Posts in the Canal Zone, H. B. Cooper, then Postmaster at Balboa

Heights, anticipating a flood of philatelic correspondence, suggested that the Bal- boa Heights Post Office be designated as

Philatelic Agency.

Accordingly, F. H. Wang, then Acting

Director of Posts, on August 28, 1924, designated the Balboa Heights Post

Office the Philatelic Agency "for the purpose of supplying Canal Zone stamped

paper at face value to purchasers for collection purposes."

Since that time it has continued to handle the always booming Canal Zone stamp business.

Directors Hold September Meeting Here

BOABD OF DIRECTORS of the Panama Canal Company are sho«Ti above at the opening session

of the September meeting held in the Board Room of the Administration Building. Left to right seated

are; Matthew Robinson; Edward D. McKim; Governor Seybold, President of the Company; Under

Secretary of the Army Karl R. Bendetsen, Chairman of the Board; W. R. Pfizer, Vice President; Major

General".!. S. Schlcy;"and Lt. Gen. Lewis A. Pick. Standing are John A. Martyn, left, and T. Coleman

Andrews.

Consideration of the Company's 1954 fiscal year budget and a review of the preliminary figm-es on

the financial results of the Company's first year of operation as a corporation occupied much of the Board's time at its meeting.
10 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW October 3, 1952 Popular Demand For More Educational

Opportunities Met By Junior College

The Canal Zone Junior College, despite

its tropical setting, is a local outcropping

of one of the "most American" of United

States institutions. Without precedent in other countries, junior colleges were first founded and de- veloped in the United States to fit that country's economic and social pattern. The first junior colleges came into being about the turn of the century. The number has grown until there are now some

650 flourishing in the country. The popularity of junior colleges in the United States has been termed a "grass

roots" movement based on the practical

facts of life in the United States. One of those facts was that a four-year

college education, no matter how desirable, was a luxury that was out of reach

for far too many young people. Another of the practical facts that helped further the growth of junior col- leges was that many high school graduates who would not or could not take general four-year college courses could benefit themselves and their communities by

taking specialized vocational training. Influence Of Depression Those economic and social facts, on which many junior colleges were founded, became even more pronounced in depression days of low incomes and general un- employment. At that time, studies of the unemployment situation opened new possibilities for junior colleges. Professional fields were overcrowded,

surveys showed, while there were some

semi-professional jobs for young people with proper vocational training. Junior

colleges "turned to" to provide that

training for students who could fill the

existing positions—as shop foremen, mechanics, accountants, draftsmen, medical

technicians, etc. The bleak economic picture of the 30's

also prevented many students from fin- ishing regular four-year college courses.

JUNIOR COLLEGE STUDENTS and faculty members are shown here at .4mador Beach, having

fun at the first of this year's monthly Student .\ssociation-sponsored social affairs which go on throughout

the school vear. The junior colleges, often in their own home towns, provided for many of them

comparatively inexpensive access to

college level education. C. Z. College Is Typical The Canal Zone Junior College, in its history and development, is typical of the

larger United States pattern, but bears

also distinctive marks of its Canal Zone

location and Latin American surroundings.

It was conceived as a desirable addition

to the local school s.ystem sometime in the

1920's but the public interest that hurried

it into existence, in the junior college "grass roots" tradition, became increas- ingly loud and insistent in the depression days of the eai-ly 30's. The record of the founding of the local junior college is filled with petitions and marked by liberal local newspaper com- ment concerning the educational opportunities being lost to the college-age group

then in the Canal Zone.

Jobs, the general outcry ran, were nonexistent in the Canal Zone, and further education was an economic impossibility

THE C.\NAL ZONE JUNIOR COLLEGE is housed in this structure, called the "Science Building."

It was completed in 1934 after the College had operated for its first year on the third floor of the Balboa High School Building, to which the college building is attached.

for many with depression-deflated incomes.

Official consideration of the junior col- lege proposal hinged on a different type of financial consideration. The

Canal administration was willing enough

to start the college if funds could be found for the project, but Balboa High

School, for instance, then imderequipped and overcrowded, was an equally pressing and important problem. Survey Begun In 1932 An actual sur\'ey of the subject of the proposed junior college was started in 1932 but the necessary deliberations seemed not fast enough to suit the public which had interested itself in the college. At about the same time the Pacific Civic Council devised a slogan for their junior college campaign ("A Junior College in the Canal Zone by October 1, 1932"). Governor Burgess voiced the

troubles of the administration in a memorandum to the Executive Secretary: "I do not believe Congress will authorize the junior college until the United

States finances are in very much better shape than they are likel.y to be in the next two years." In view of the temper of the Congress and Budget Bureau, then inclined to hold

tight to the purse strings, the decision was made to charge tuition for operating expenses rather than risk a request for additional appropriations. Frame Building First Used The necessary $.50,000 for a frame

building (now the Balboa Junior High

School) to hou.se the oveifiow from the high school building and for laboratory

ei|uipment, furniture, books, and other

things necessary to start the new junior

college was eked out of funds that repre- sented savings on the La Boca School and

the then-new high school at Cristobal. The Canal .Administration continued with considerable patience to explain the

not-so-simple situation to the public which still wanted "A Canal Zone Junior

College by October 1, 1932," in accord- ance with the adopted slogan. The college actually opened its doors

in September 1933, and enrolled a total of 65 students in its first year of operation on the third floor of the high school

building. The next year the college moved into
October 3, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 11

DEAN R. r. HACKIITT i left i heads the faculty of the Canal Zone Junior College and Dr. Dorothy

Jloody (right) who has been at the College since it was established, teaches English and is Dean of Women.

Shown with them is Edward Castano, President of the Student Association this year, who is a sophomore

in the College and is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Castano of Colon.

its own new structure, the present socalled "Science Building." Before the end of its first year of operation, in April 1934, the new Junior College was recognized bj' the American Association of Junior Colleges. Since November

1941, it has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and

Secondary Schools. The first college catalog expressed the

general aims which have guided the

school since its founding and formed the

basis for the curricula then and now

available to students. The first aim listed in the college's first catalog, which remains essentially the same today, was the provision of a general

cultural education designed to make those who receive it more capable and intelligent

citizens. "The need for intelligent citizenship," the first catalog noted, "has never been

greater than it is today."

250 Take Extension Course The Extension Division of the Junior

College, which new enrolls about 250 stu- dents got off to a rather inauspicious start

in 193.5, with the enrollment of 1 1 students

in one class in accounting. The Extension Division had its biggest year with the enrollment of 814 students

in 1940. Junior colleges, generally, as "home

town" products, have grown up to fit the needs of their communities. One of the

less obvious needs, in the opinion of some

educators, is a psychological advantage

to some comparati\-ely immature college- age students who benefit by spending

their first college years in a small school

in a home-town environment. One of the first teachers employed for the Junior College in its initial year of operation was Dr. Dorothy Moody, who

has served as English in.structor since that time and is now also Dean of Women.

Present Dean of the College is Roger

C. Hackett. He has headed the Junior

College Staff since 1941, and was an

instructor at the college for 6 years before

that. He taught from 1930 to 1935 at Cristobal High School. The four other full-time instructors who teach only in the Junior College are Charles R. Bowen, who teaches history and social science; Shepard C. Clark and James A. Lyons, instructors in commercial education; and J. Stuart McNair,

instructor in mathematics. Four other full-time instructors in the Junior College, who also teach a limited number of coiu'ses in the high school, are George 0. Lee, biological science teacher; Kenneth W. Vinton, instructor in physical

sciences; and Subert TurbyhH, instructor

in speech and dramatics. Other faculty members, as well as school facilities, are shared by the high

school and the Junior College. Peak Enrollment In 1946-47 Peak year of enrollment in regular

classes was the 1946-47 school year, when

there were 259 students in the college. Present enrollment in regular classes is 142.About 50 percent of the students in the Junior College, throughout its years of operation, have transferred to other 4- year colleges. About half of those transferred have been graduated. The transfers have been made to colleges in every state in the United States, with the exception of Nevada. Cosmopolitan Enrollment

Although the Junior College is by tradition, if not location, a typical United

States mstitution, the number of students

of other nationalities have always given

it a cosmopolitan touch unusual in most

junior colleges. Students who live in Panama, ju.st across the border, have comprised about

20 percent of the college enrollment for the past several years. About 10 percent

of the students were Panamanians in the

earlier years of the college. Other students who lend a cosmopolitan touch have come primarily from neigh- boring Latin American countries but

there have been natives of Malta,

Appointment Vacancy

For Canal Zone Open

At Military Academy

Canal Zone boys who see a military

career as the culmination of their highest hopes will have another opportunity this year to compete for appointment to the United States Military Academy. With the graduation next June of Cadet Charles J. McGinn, son of Mr. and

Mrs. Thomas M. McGinn of Gatun, a Canal Zone vacancy will again be open

at West Point. Nominations for appoint- ments to the Military Academy are made

by the Canal Zone Governor.

Local youths who are interested in competing for the appointment should see the Principals of the Balboa and Cristobal High Schools or the Dean of the Canal Zone Junior College to determine if they meet the age, educational, and residence requirements for the appointment. Ar- rangements will be made to give these applicants wTitten and physical examinations at dates to be announced later. The candidates must be sons of civilians living in the Canal Zone or of civilian employees of the U. S. Government

living in Panama. They must have

reached their seventeenth birthdays but must not be over 22 years old by next

July L

This year the candidates will be given

a battery of tests which will include the

subjects in which all candidates for the Academy must qualify; these will include American History, English, and Inter- mediate Algebra. In addition, the candi- dates will be given a standard psychological examination for college freshmen. The 10 candidates who attain the highest ratings in these tests will then be

given physical examinations by military physicians to see whether they will be

able to pass the rigid physical examination

required for admission to the Academy.

After completing these examinations,

the candidates will be interviewed by the Committee on Admissions to the Military and Naval Academy. This committee is comprised of the Marine Director, the Engineering and Construction Director, the E.xecutive Secretary, and the Superintendent of Schools, with the Director

of Secondary Education as ex-cfficio Secretary. The committee will make their recom- mendations to the Governor by December 1 and his nominations for principal and three alternates will be completed

before Christmas. The official West

Point examinations will be given to all four on March 2. Authorization by Congress for appoint- ments to the Military Academy from the Canal Zone became effective in 1935 and

to the Naval Academy in 1939. The first West Point appointment was

awarded to Henry Brewerton, son of Ridgeley Brewerton, then of Balboa. He

was graduated from the Military Acad- emy in June, 1940. The first Annapolis midshipman to be appomted from the Canal Zone was Walter E. Muller, son of Mr. and Mrs. Jack A. Muller of Balboa. Both were Balboa High School graduates.

Constantinople, Bagdad, Tokyo, and

Bandoeing, Java, enrolled in the college.
12 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW October 3, 1952

Travelling Cook On Dredging Division Tug

Is Recipe Maker After 23 Years Experience

A COOK WHO HAS TAKEN several cook's tours is Mateo ("Cubi") Cubillo shown here dispensint; coffee on the Dredging Division tug, San Pablo. The coffee drinlcers are John Howard (right) Senior Chief Engineer, and Captain William H. Ward (left^ two of the cook's regular and most enthusiastic customers

on the San Pablo.

"If you like to do a thing, you like to do

it good," according to Mateo ("Cubi")

Cubillo. He likes to cook and his good cooking has earned him some long cook's tours. Usually he travels only in Isthmian

waters as cook on the tug, San Pablo, but

he has had his look at some of the rest of the world from other galley windows. He cooked his way to Venezuela in 1949 on the former Canal tug Gorgona and went back the next year—both times on

leave from the Canal—on the little tug

Miraflores. In 1951, he was flown to New Orleans with the Dredging Division crew that went to pick up the former Coast Guard

cutter, Wolcott and bring her back to the Canal Zone. He cooked on the Wolcott

for a month in New Orleans while she was

readied for the trip to the Canal Zone, then cooked his way back home again to

his regular Dredging Division job. Cubi's doughnuts—real "sinkers" with

thick crunchy outers—and other food to match are among the merits which occasionally take him on other special Canal

trips. Visitors who have seen the Canal on

special trips on Dredging Division equip- ment have sometimes been almost as impressed with his cooking as the Locks and

Gaillard Cut. Cooks For Boy Scouts, Too

His food has also helped to fatten a lot of young Boy Scouts. For the last four years he has presided in the kitchen for their annual encampment in El Volcan, where he and a mess boy serve about 75

to 90 Boy Scouts and their leaders. He makes 16 pies for a Boy Scout meal and other food in similar proportions. "They eat a lot—more than men," the cook says, "and that makes me happy to see." His public loves his pies and he

says himself, "Every one of them is very fine." A favorite with the men he serves every day are hotcakes made with sour cream. His recipe is simple—"I just do it," h'»

says, "and they always come out right." Another favorite with Cubillo fansit's his own favorite too—is barbecued

beef with a sauce he explains in terms

that are almost specific. Barbecue Sauce Specialty

"I take my butter," his sauce recipe

goes, "then I take some ketchup. I put

it all in one and then put in some Worcestershire sauce. I take a few pork chops and throw them in so everything cooks to nothing. Then everything cooks down to very few sauce . . . ." That's it; that's barbecue sauce. On the tug San Pablo, he feeds a crew

of 1 1 on rotating eight hour shifts. Their two meals a day are always "breakfast" and "lunch" regardless of the real time of day.He has been a cook for the Canal since 1929 when he became a mess bov at

RETIREMENTS

IN SEPTEMBER

Employees who retired at the end of Sep- tember, their birthplaces, titles, length of service at retirement, and their future addresses are: Ed Brown California; Senior Chief Towboat Engineer, Dredging Division; 28 jears, 16 days; Berkeley, Calil^ornia. Egbert Bryant, Texas; Senior Powerhouse Operator, Madden Hydroelectric

Siation; 29 years, 2 months, 27 days;

IVl.aud, Florida. William T. Burns, New Jersey; Guard

Supcr\isor, Dredging Division; .'54 years, 5 mouths, 22 da\s; Los Angeles, California. Mrs. Lista Daniels, Pennsylvania; Addressograph and Graphotype Operator, Diablo Heights; 17 years, 8 months, 17 days; address iniccrtain. j. Wendell Greene, Pennsylvania;

Treasurer, Panama Canal Company; 40

\ears, 10 months, 29 days; Hendersonvillc, \orth Carolina. Charles E. Leaver, Pennsylvania; Crater and Packer, Maintenance Division; ,56 years, 2 monlhs, 12 days; Tampa, Florida. Mrs. Mabel B. Taylor, Massachusetts;

Clerk, Balboa Heights Housing Office; .50 years, 1 month, 5 days; plans uncertain.

Madden Dam, where he worked in the mess hall that fed the men who worked

on Madden Dam and Madden Road. The cook at the time was a friend of his and Cubillo found that he liked the cooking business. He stayed on the job and soon became a waiter and also learned

to cook. When Madden Dam was finished in 1935, he found a job in the Dredging

Division, where he has been cooking ever

since, on the tugs, Trinidad, La Boca, and iSo« Pablo.

Applications Now Open

For Quarters In Gatun

Applications will be received until October 17 for the 10 apartments which

are under construction in Gatun, ac- cording to the Housmg Division. The

apartments will be assigned prior to the expected completion date cf December 1. All of the houses are masonry, on the ground type cottages; six have two bsd- rooms and the other four have three bedrooms each. In case any of those receiving assign- ments decline them, the house in question

will be reassigned to the senior applicant

as of October 17. This will continue until

all assignments have been accepted. Each of the prospective tenants will be

advised in advance of the anticipated date of acceptance by the Housing Division of the quarters to which he has been assigned. He will then be required

to occupy this house not later than a

specified date.

Old Timer Honored

The name of Ralph Z. Kirkpatrick, for many years Chief Hydrographer and

later Chief of Surveys for the Canal

organization, has been given to a new

2S-foiit m(it()ri)o;it which will l)e used by

the Meteorological and Hydrographic Branch on Madden Lake. The new boat,

all steel-hull con.struction and built in Louisiana, arrived here a month ago as deck cargo and was trucked across the Isthmus to Madden Lake. Mr. Kirkpatrick, an outstanding authority on local history, went to work for the Isthmian Canal Commission in 1910

as a T()pogra])hical Draftsman. He was made Chief Hydrographer in 1917, and

Chief of Surveys in 1926. He retired in 1939; he died" in Maa'ch 1949, in the United States.
Octobers, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REV\EW 13

Office Of Engineering

Unit Moves This Month

The Civil Engineering Braneh of tiie Engineering Division will be transferred during the week of October 15 from the present offices in Diablo Heights to the main office of the Engineering Division

at Balboa Heights. The offices have been located on the second floor of the larger of the two

"Special Engineering Division" buildings

in Diablo. The transfer will involve about 20

employees.

Canal's Radio-Electronic Unit Deals With Latest In Scientific Equipment

iCunlinued from pags .i) San Jose, Costa

Rica, and Balboa. Location Of Shops The Radio-Electronics unit has its Balboa headquarters in Pier 17 and the

Cristobal shop is located in the Marine

Electric shop in the Industrial Bureau

area at Mount Hope. The Cristobal shop

is in the charge of Bland L. Smith, who

was recently promoted to Leader Electronics Mechanic. The personnel employed in Balboa in- clude Asa C. Bullock, Jr., a native of the Canal Zone, and Edward W. Voss, elec- tronics mechanics; Arley A. Hill and Paul

L. Ellis, radio mechanics; Robert M.

Adams, apprentice radio mechanic; and

four Local-rate helpers, J. De Costa, David Carter, Darnley Smith, and W. C.

Lashley.

In addition to Mr. Smith, the Cristobal shop is staffed by John W. Huson, John

H. Foster, and Chester H. Harrold, elec- tronics mechanics; Ewald A. Wiberg, Jr., radio mechanic; and three Local-rate

helpers, H. Buchanan, A. McFarlane, and C. L. Wharton.

Ladie> wllli a "[K-rlecl M)" of a U^uie ami

tho=e built on other proportions all know

that a dress—from the ConiScientific missary or elsewhere—is only

Sizes For All as flattering as its fit. Figures Not so well known is the system of sizes with which

manufacturers strive to fit every figure. The old standby sizes in the "ready-to- wear" business are the misses sizes from 10

to 20, long manufactured for an alleged average lithe .American figure. These are for women 5 feet 5 inches, to 5 feet 9 inches and

slim to medium in circumference. The other long-time regulars in the matter

of sizes are woman's sizes from 36 to 44. These are for women 5 feet 5 inches to 5

feet 9 inches and built on sturdier lines. For the many figures which don't fit those

averages, the Commissaries ha\e other sizes. Women's half sizes from 14>^ to 24K

viewed as a godsend to many "non-average women, created a minor revolution in the

dress industry when they were introduced

several years ago. That was when designers took their heads out of the sand and started looking at facts about figures. Half sizes are

for shorter women—5 feet 5 inches and

under—who are not as slim as their covergirl sisters with that supposed ".'Mi-Ameri- can" figure. Junior sizes from 9 to 15 are forwomen and

girls from 5 feet 4 inches, to 5 feet 6 inches with a slim, short waist and small, high

bust—that much discussed "girlish figure." Strawberries, fresh off the vine, are now

flown from David and sold in the Commissaries a matter of hours after Fresh they are harvested. This is Chiriqui the first time native straw- Strawberries berries have been available

regularly in sufficient quantity for regular purchases by the Commissary Division. Two weekly shipments—one to the

Atlantic and the other to the Pacific side of the Isthmus—are scheduled so that the

fresh strawberries go on sale at the .-Xncon and Balboa Commissaries late Thursday

Four-Masted Training Ship Visits Canal

,\ RARE SIGHT in Canal waters was the Spanish Xaval Training ship Juan Sebastian de Elmno

which visited the Canal late last month. The above view shows the four-masted vessel at the pier in Balboa. The training ship is known as a topsail schooner. During the early Canal days the sight of a

sailing ship was not unusual. Within recent years, however, a visit by one of these is a rare treat for Canal employees.

afternoons .iiui at the Cristob.il and .Margarita Commissaries late Tuesday afternoons. The strawberries will continue to be sold as long as customers show they want them. Mildew-proof Tropidura white paint can now be purchased in the Commissaries in one-pint tins. Pretty and practical D'Orsay pumps in a new wide-open toe version, are among the new ladies shoes in the Commissaries. They

are calf, in white, red or a glossy natural tan

color called "Benedictine." They cost $7.45. Nylon "car-sac's," latter-day cousin of the proven and practical canvas "Val-a-Pak,"

are now available in the Commissaries. The

"Car-Sac," to be hung in a car or folded and

used as a bag like the V'al-a-Pak, costs $12.75—the Val-a-Pak, $22.95. Beau Monde seasoning will be in the Commissaries soon, courtesy of one of its many devotees who requested the Commissary Division to stock it. It does wonderful

things to meats, stews, salads, etc.—let your

taste buds be your guide.

Fashion's current passion for petticoats now extends to the two-to-eight crowd.

Petticoat and pantie combinations for little

girls, now available in the Commissaries have embroidered edges for fancy pants

effects. The familiar fungicide Desenex, long

available only at Canal dispensaries, now is carried in the Commissaries in the form of ointment or powder. A new infant cereal with papaya will be

on sale in the Commissaries soon. The name

of the new product to whet babies' appetites is Cerol. Men's dacron anklets will be in the stores again soon and the prices will be more

pleasing. They will be available in blue, green, tan, and canary—for gay or conservative tastes. For the farsighted who are looking for- ward to November and December holida>s the Commissaries have electric roasters to fit all sizes and types

of fowls. W'estinghouse roaster- ovens cost $,?8.65 and the General

Electric automatic roaster, $38. Non-electric Club aluminum roasters, 15- inches long, sell for $7.85 and Wearever

roasters, in six different sizes and shapes,

start at 83.25 which fit a four to five pound

chicken, and go up to the largest 17K-inch

size at $7.50 for a 16- to 20-pound bird.

For

Future

Feasts

Southern fried chicken, ready to eat cold

or to heat, can now be bought in the frozen food sections, precooked and quick frozen. You can buy either a half or whole chicken. To tame small witches and hobgoblins who show up on October 31 , the Commissary

Division will have candy pumpkins and

jack-o-lanterns and witches with lollipops, candy-filled black cats, and bags of candy

called Trix-or-Treats to deal with potential pranksters. Idaho baking potatoes are back in season and back on Commissary counters. Other

potatoes which will be in the Idaho stores soon will come to the Isth- Baking mus from Holland, since there's Potatoes still a shortage in the United

States while there are lots of potatoes in the Netherlands. The first lot of an order of Chilean eggs

will be on sale starting early in October. Lemons too, at lower prices, now come to the Commissaries from Chile. Heinz vegetable salad now comes in cans ready to open and ser\e. It has peas, carrots, and potatoes already dunked in mayonnaise. The commissaries will have both 15-ounce and 7-ounce cans which will be on sale soon.
14 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW October 3, 1952

ANNIVERSARIES THIS MONTH'S CALENDAR

Employees who obserxed important anniversaries during the month of September are

listed alphabetically below. The number of years includes all Government service with

the Canal or other agencies. Those with continuous service with the Canal are indicated with (*).

41 years *George N. Engelke, .\ssistant General Manager, Commissary Division. 35 years Arthur R. Grier, Gcjieral Foreman,

Dredging Di\ision. William H. Metivier, Mail Siiper\isor, Administrative Branch.

30 years Wallace T. Melanson, Master Ship- wright and Dockmaster, Industrial Bureau. John B. Morton, Locomotive Machinist, Terminals Division. Harry M. Witt, Foreman, Repair Shop

Terminals Division.25 years Vincent Canamas, Cabinetmaker, In- dustrial Bureau. Edgar H. Freeman, Medical Technician, Health Bureau. 20 years Thomas G. Coleman, Supervisor, Maintenance Division. William R. Dunning, Lock OperatorMachinist, Pacific Locks. James L. Fulton, Government .'\ccount- ant, Finance Bureau. Lloyd W. Peterson, Clerk, Division of Storehouses. Ralph K. Skinner, Voucher Examiner,

Finance Bureau.

15 years

*Neil V. Branstetter, High School

Teacher, Balboa High School. Clarence H. Browne, Personnel Assist- ant, Central Labor Office, Cristobal. Hobart V. Butler, Agent Operator and

Train Dispatcher, Railroad Division. William I. Hollowell, Principal Fore- man, Maintenance Division. Theophil F. Hotz, Principal, Balboa High .School. *James A. Lyons, Junior College

Instructor. William K. McCue, Postmaster, Fort

I )avis. J. Stuart McNair, Jmiior College

Instruct(jr. *Allen K. Miller, Pllectrical Engineer.

Electrical Division. John J. Molyneaux, Heavy Truck

Driver and ;\uto Serviceman, Motor

Transportation Division. *Mary N. Orr, Secretary (Stenographer).

Office of Supply and Service Director. Paul L. Parker, Motorboat Maintenance

Mechanic, Dredging Division. Bernard F. Pohren, Boilermaker, In- dustrial Bureau. *William H. Rosan, Lorkmaster, Pacific Locks. *Odell L. Waters, Elementary Teacher,

.Schools Division. *William F. Young, Lockmaster, Pacific Locks.

October Sailings

From Cristobal

Cridobal October 3 Ancon October 10 Panama October 17

(JristobaL-^ October 24 Ancon __ October 31 From New York

Ancon __October 1 Panama October 8

Cristobal October 15 Ancon October 22 Panama October 29

OCTOBER

4th—Track Foremen No. 2741, Balboa B & B Shops. 5th—VFW Post No. .5857, Cristobal

X'eterans Club, 9 a. m. 6th—Postal Employees No. 23160, Bal- boa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m. Pedro Miguel Civic Council, Inion

Church, 7 p. m. American Legion Post No. 3, Gatun

Legion Hall, 7:.^0 p. m. Cristobal-Margarita Civic Council,

Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. VFW Post No. 727, Fort Cla>-ton, 7:30

p. m. VFW Post No. 3822, Curundu Road,

7:30 p. m. 7th—Meatcutters and Butchers No.

121, Member's Home, 7:30 p. m. Teachers No. 228, Cristobal High School Auditorium, 3:30 p. m. Gamboa Civic Council, Co[iimunit\- Center. 7:30 p. m. Gatun Civic Council, Gatiui Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. Machinists No. 811, Balboa Lodge Hall,

7:.50 p. m. 8th—Carpenters and Joiners No. 913, Balboa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m.

Pacific Civic Council, Board Room,

Administration Building, 7:30 p. m. American Legion Post No. 2, Legion Home, Old Cristobal, 7:30 p. m.

1 0th Blacksmiths No. 400, Boiler- makers No. 463 and 471, K. of C.

H.dl, Margarita, 7:30 p. m.

12th Sheetmetal Workers No. 157, BalbcKi Clubh.)nsc, 9J0 a. m. Plumbers Nn. 606, Balboa Lodge Hall,

9 :30 a. m. 13th—Machinists No. 699, K. of C. Hall Margarita, 7:30 p. m. American Legion Post No. 1, Legion Home, 7:30 p. m. 14th—Electrical Workers No. 397, Wirz

Meinorial, 7:30 p. m. VFW Post No. 100, Old Boy Scout Building, Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. American Legion Post No. 7, Fort

Clayton, ^.M^ p. m.

Pipefitters, Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30

p. m. American Legion Auxiliary Unit No. 1, Balboa Legion Home, 7:30 p. m. 15th—AFGE No. 14, Balboa Clubhouse,

7:30 p. m. American Legion Auxiliary Unit No. 3, Legion Hall, Gatun, 7:30 p. m.

16th—American Legion Auxiliary Unit No. 6, Gamboa Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m.

19th—CLU-MTC, Balboa Lodge Halh

8:30 a. m. 20th—Electrical Workers No. 677, Gatun

Masonic Temple, 7:30 p. m. Truckdrivers, Balboa Lodge Hall, 7:30

p. m.

21st—Operating Engineers, K. of C.

Hall, Margarita. 7 p. m. Machinists' No. 811, Balboa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m. 22d~AFGE No. 88, Margarita Clubhouse,

7:30 p. m. American Legion Auxiliary Unit No. 2, Legion Home, Old Cristobal, 7:30 p. m. 27th—Machinists No. 699, K. of C. Hall, Margarita, 7:30 p. m. VFW Auxiliary, Post 3822 Home, 7:30

p. m. 28th—Marine Engineers, Elks Club, Margarita, 7 p. m. Operating Engineers No. 595, Lodge

Hall, Balboa, 7 p. m. VFW No. 100, Old Bov Scout Building,

Cri.stobal, 7:30 p. m. American Legion Post No. 7, Fort

Clayton, 7:30 p. m. 29th—Governor's Conference, Board Room, .Administration Building, 2 p.m. NOVEMBER

1st Track Foremen No. 2741, B & B

Shops, Balboa. 2d—VFW No. 3857, Cristobal Veterans

Club, 9 a. m. 3d—Postal Employees No. 23160, Balboa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m. American Legion Post No. 3, Gatun

Legion Hall, 7:,S0 p. m. Pedro Miguel Civic Council, Union

Church, 7 p. m. Cristobal-Margarita Civic Council,

Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. VFW .\o. 727, Fort Clavton, 7:30 p. m. VFW No. 3822, Curundu Road, 7:30 p. m. 4th—Meatcutters and Butchers No.

121, Officer's Home, 7:30 p. m. Teachers No. 228, Cristobal High .School Auditorium, 3:30 p. m. Gamboa Civic Council, ConimuEu'ty

Center, 7:30 p. m. Gatun Civic Council, Cxatun Clubhouse,

7:30 p. m. Machinists No. 811, Balboa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m. 5th—VFW No. 40, Wirz Memorial, 7:30

p. m. 6th—Carpenters and Joiners No. 667, Marg.irita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m. 7th—American Legion Post No. 6, Gamboa Legion Home, 7:30 p. m. PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

August 15 Through September 15

The following list contains the names of those U. S.-rate employees who were trans- ferred from one division to another (unless the change is administrative) or from one

type of work to another. It does not contain

within-grade promotions or regradings. ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Mrs. Ella E. Wertz, from Accounting

Clerk, Finance Bureau, to Mail Clerk, Record Section.

J. Douglas Lord, from Mail Clerk to Property and Supply Clerk, Record Section. George K. Hudgins, Louis L. Moolchan, from File Clerks lo Mail Clerks, Record Section. A. Edwin Wilson, from Mail Clerk to

File Clerk, Rec.jrd Section. Charles N. Becktell, from Sluilent

.Assistant, Photographic Section, tw File Clerk, Record Section. CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Roger D. Michel, from High .School liKlur, lo Imiior High School Principal,

lialbui. Edward V. Amason, from Fireman, Fire

l)i\isiciii, lo Policeman, Police Division. Robert P. Conby, from Guard, Industrial Bureau, to Policeman. Police Division. Elaine M. Holland, from Elementarv

.School I'eacher to lunior High School

Teacher.

Mrs. Isabella D. Peters, from Kindergarten .Assistant, to Elementary Teacher. Eugene T. Gregg, from Clerk-.SteiKj- grapher Na\igation Division, to Junior High

.School Teacher. Patricia E. Van Evera, from High

.School Teacher lo Kindergarten .Assistant, Mrs. Mary V. Dubbs .ind Mrs. Mary

L. Miller, from Kinderg.irten Assistants to Elementary School Tcuhers. Mrs. Clara S. Jorstad, from Substitute Teacher to Elemenlar\' School 'Teacher. James A. Lyons, from High .School Teacher lo junior College Instructor. Robert K. Mower, from Ph\sical l^liica- tion Teacher to High Scho<il Teacher. Mrs. Stella R. Riefkohl and Mrs. Nancy C. Cottrell, from Substitute

Teachers to Junior High School Teachers. Mrs. Miriam T. Middlemas, from Ele- mentar\- School Teacher to Substitute

Teacher. Frank M. C. Knight and William A.

.\lonis, froiu Signalmen, Nasigation Division, to I'.istal Clerks. William E. Affeltranger, from Signal- man, .\.i\igalion Dixision, to Policeman. Hazel N. Griffith, from Student .Assist- ant, Di\ision of .Storehouses, to Stuc'eiit .Assistant, Library. Mrs. Dorothy I. Vann, from Substitute Teacher to Kinclerg:Mien .Assistant.
October 3, 1952 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW 15

Mrs. Marian M. l.anHforil, Ikum C Uikr\pi>l, Fiii.imi' Biiri-au, In Siib^linili' •reacluT. Sclinnls Division. Paul E. MacMillan, from I'oliicm.iii m

Kircm.iii, Fire Division. John J. Herring, from Locks .Sccuriiv

Ciiiard. raiilu- Locks, to Fireman, Fin- Division. Mrs. Nancy J. Hatchett, from CUrk,

Financo Biirean. lo .Suhslilnli' Tcaclu-r. Division of Schools.

George P. Fullman, from Meter Inspector to Snpersisor. Water Meter Repair

I'nit, W.iter and Lalioratories Branch, Maintenance Division. Robert M. Turner, from Maintenance

Mechanic. Construction F^qiiipment, to Water Meter Inspector, Maintenance Division. John H. Foster, from .Senior Radio Mechanic l?.dl)o,i, to Ivlectronics Mechanic,

F^lectricd I )ivision. Bland H. Smith, from Electronics Mech.inic to Electroaics .Mechanic Leader,

Klectrical Div ision. George W. Cunningham, from Wire- man Leader to Wireman, Electrical Division. John M. Ryder, from Hydraulic Eniji- neerini; .Aid to Aleteorological .-Xid. Meteorological and Hydrographic Branch. Mrs. Juanita O. Jones, from ClerkTypi.st to Clerk, Engineering Division. Ray S. Ward, from Locks Securitv- Guard, Pacific Locks, to Wireman, Electrical Di\ision. FINANCE BUREAU

Mrs. Betty R. Olsen, from Tvpist to Clerk-Typist. Arline Lincoln, from Clerk-Tvpst to .Accounting Clerk. HEALTH BUREAU

Dr. Weldon C. White, from Medical

Officer, Gorgas Hospital, to Medical Officer, Corozal Hospital. Mrs. Ertna C. Forbes, from Nurse,

Pacific Medical Clinics, to Public Health

Nurse, Division of Quarantine. Maj. Thomas B. Hauschild, from

Medical Officer, Corozal Hospital, to Medical Officer, Gorgas Hospital. Mrs. Dorothy M. Kozar, from Staff Nurse to Nurse Supervisor, Colon Hospital. INDUSTRIAL BUREAU

George R. Egolf and William C. Willoughby, from .Apprentice Machinists

to Machinists. Sydney T. Lindh, from Lock Operator

Machinist, Locks Division, to Machinist

Leader. MANAGEMENT DIVISION Derwood J. Quade, from Architect, Engineering Dixision, to Organization and Methods Examiner, Management Division. MARINE BUREAU

Preston M. Trim, Jr., from Marine Dis- patcher Trainee to Marine Dispatcher, Navigation Division. James R. Sponagle, from Machinist,

Industrial Bureau, to Lock Operator,

Machinist, .Atlantic Locks. Joseph J. Cicero, from Junior Foreman,

Ferry Service, to Security Guard, Pacific Locks. Mrs. Eva E. Dickson, from Clerk-Typist

to Clerk, Navigation Division. Richard D. Johns, from Floating Crane Steam F^ngineer to Dipper Dredge Engineer, Dredging Division. Leon D. Herring, from .Student .Assist- ant to Pump Operator, Dredging Division. Mrs. Ruth A. Parker, from Clerk- Typist to Clerk-.Stenographer, Navigation

Division.

. William K. Price, from Signalman to Dock Foreman, Navigation Division. Arden L. Cooke, from Student Assistant

to Clerk- Typist, Navigation Division. Alfred Gloss, from Chief Towboat Engineer, Navigation Division, to 2nd .Assistant Marine Engineer, .Aids to Navigation

Section. Guy R. Lord, from Chief Towboat

Engineer to Senior Chief Towboat Engineer, Dredging Division. Leo A. Walsh, from Towboat Master, Dredging Division, to Senior Towboat Master, Dredging Division. William P. Quinn, Jr., from Wireman,

Electrical Division, to Electrician, .Aids to Navigation Section. William J. Gilbert, from Security Guard, .Atlantic Locks, to Security Guard,

Pacific Locks.

Local Diggers Participated

In Rich Archaeological Find

KDiroR'S NOTE: The following

article is the second part of a story entitled "Many Canal "Diggers' and

Naturalists Look for .Man-Made, Natural History," which appeared on page

(> of the September issue of TllE Panama

Canal Remevv. The first part told of some of the amateur archaeologists and

naturalists in the Canal Zone, several

of them Canal employees, their fields of special interest, and two local societies composed of these amateurs.

Local archcologiste, always on the look- out for potential sites for excavation, have

been instrumental in the opening of two

of the richest Isthmian archeological finds. Sitio Conte, center of Code Indian cul- ture near Nata , was excavated as a direct

result of the efforts of Karl P. Curtis. This area has been desci ibed by Matthew W. Stirling, leader of .several National Geographic Society-Smithsonian Institu- tion archeological expeditions in this part

of the world, as "probably the richest archeological site ever e.xcavated scientifically in the New World." Sometime in the 1920's Mr. Curtis found that beautiful and intricately v\Tought gold jewelry and ornaments of a type previously unknown in this part of the world were being sold from time to time in certain shops in Panama City. Recognizing their potential historical as

well as intrinsic value, he investigated. Finding that the exquisite pieces were

all coming from a certain locality, he made inquiries there and found that they were being washed down by the Rio Grande River. Tracing them back upstream, he was convinced he had dis- covered the site of a rich and unknown

culture. Detailing his find to scientists of the Peabody Museum of Harvard University, James M. Hunter, from Laborer Fore- man, Division of Storehouses, to Small Tug

Operator, Dredging Division. Glynn L. Terrell, from Shipwright,

Industrial Bureau, to Lock Operator Shipwright, Pacific Locks. Charles A. Stewart, from Lock Operator Machinist, .Atlantic Locks, to Lock

Operator Machinist, Pacific Locks. PERSONNEL BUREAU

Mrs. Kathyleen R. Miller, from ClerkTypist, to Perso)ineI Clerk (Typist) Personnel Records Division. Donald H. Boland, from Engineering Draftsman. Engineering Division, to File Clerk, Personnel Records Division. Mrs. Emma M. Barlow, from Card Punch Operator, Finance Bureau, to ClerkTypist, EmpUnineiit and I'tilization Division.RAILROAD AND TERMINALS BUREAU Edward B. O'Brien, Jr., from Head

Stevedore Foreman to .Assistant Superintendent. Terminals Division. Nancy A. Ramsey, from Student .Assist- ant to Clerk- Tvpisi, Terminals Divisioji. Anson K. Kinsman, from Principal Stevedore Foreman to .Assistant to .Superin- tendent, Terminals Division. SUPPLY AND SERVICE BUREAU

Vivian E. Mikulich, from Substitute Teacher, Division of Schools, to ClerkTypist, Division of Storehouses. Nellie F. Holgerson, from -Student

.Assistant. Locks Division, to Clerk-Typist.

Division of .Storehouses. Lloyd W. Peterson, from General Store- keeper to Tabulation Planner, Division of Storehouses. George A. Black, Jr., from SupphClerk (General) to Storekeeper (General), Division of Storehouses. Mrs. Margaret D. Austin, from Coupon

Book Inspector, Finance Bureau, to Checker, Commissary Division.

PHILIP L. D.\lJi;, ChiJ »f the Contraband

Control Section, is one of the many ardent Canal

"diggers" who spend their off-duty hours searching

for long-huried Isthmian history.

h? urged them to send an expedition to excavate the site. Peabody Museum

expeditions were sent and worked in the area for three seasons from 1930 to 1933. Dr. Samuel K. Lothrop was in charge

of the excavations in 1932 and 1933 and

subsequently wrote two books on the

findings there. The local reputation of Philip L. Dade,

Chief Investigator of the Contraband

Control Section, as an amateur archeologist played a part in the opening of another rich archeological site, Venado

Beach at Fort Kobbe, a former coconut

plantation transformed into an Army

firing range. Late in July of 1949, a bulldozer, scraping off the rich sandy loam of the

area to provide topsoil for the develop- ment of new Navy quarters on the West Bank of the Canal, turned over fragments

of pottery and bone. A drag line operator, knowing Mr.

Dade's i-eputation as a "digger," told him

what was happening. Following a per- sonal survey, Mr. Dade notified Professor Mendez of the Panama Museum and

Professor Ernesto Castillero, professor of geology and history at the University of Panama, who together inspected the area. As a result, the bulldozing stopped and

archeological excavations began, first by members of the local archeological society. The amateurs notified the Peabody Museum of the find and an expedition headed by Dr. Lothrop excavated the area in 1951, unearthing the story of another center of pre-Colombian culture, possibly Code,

but marked and modified by other

cultures, some far removed from the Isthmus. The amateurs have not only served as informers for the professional archeologists but are also ardent followers of the

professional work done on the Isthmus. They were on the sidelines when Dr. Lothrop worked at Venado Beach and when the bones of prehistoric animals were excavated at Oei'i in 1949. Who knows, one of them might some

day find a new culture for the archeologists and historians to ponder or—they can dream, can't they?—even that long- sought trace of prehistoric man which would establish the Isthmus as a land

bridge by which parts of the New World may have been originally peopled.
16 THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW Octobers, 1952 ^

Testers Are Kept Busy Checking Weights

Of Several Hundred Scales Of All Sizes

ONE OF THE FAMILIAR Commissary computing scales, stripped down to its intricate insides is shown here being adjusted and cleaned by Walter G. Brown, Scale Inspector for the Pacific side, and Oil Meter Inspector for the Canal Zone. Helping him is Mortimer Boyce, who, in 26 years of service as Scale Inspector Helper, has worked

with six different regular and acting Pacific side scale inspectors. Among the weightier matters in the Canal organization always suspect and

under close watch are hundreds of scales which, by direction of the Governor, must

show a pound as a proper pound. From the Panama Railroad track scales which weigh flat cars full of scrap iron, to the penny scales which tell dieters their

fate as well as weight, all Canal scales used for sales are checked at least once a month and certified to be accurate in their weight. Watchdogs over the scales and weights who make the monthly checks are Walter

G. Brown, on the Pacific side. Scale and

Oil Meter Inspector, and Eugene E.

(universally known as "Pinky") Orvis,

Jr., who watches Atlantic side weights. A round green seal plastered prominently on scales is the inspectors' official mark. It shows— as anyone can plainly see—that a scale inspector was there and

the date on which he checked the scales and certified their accuracy.

In the Commissary Division alone, the checks cover some 360 scales —from the computing scales in all retail stores which

tell clerks and customers the amount of a purchase— to the largest platform scales at the Mount Hope dry warehouse plat- form which weigh up to 5 '4 tons of rice, for instance, loaded onto the scales on

skids as it comes from a railway car. Many Units Use Scale The clubhouses and hotels use special

scales to weigh food. Other scales at the

filtration plants at Miraflores and Mount

Hope weigh the amount of chemicals

introduced into the Canal Zone water

supply. Batching plant scales at the Sosa Hill quarry weigh up to 6,000 pounds of sand,

concrete, or gravel dumped into trucks

for construction jobs. Gram weight scales

for foreign mail and others that weigh

half-ounces of airmail are found in Canal

Zone post offices. Babies and big' people

at Gorgas and Colon Hospitals also have

to be weighed. Foundry scales at the

Industrial Bureau weigh the proportions

of non-ferrous metals that go into the making of iron. Mr. Brown estimates that his Pacific side route for monthly scale inspections covers about 250 separate scales. Some

scales which are not used to measure goods

for sale are checked only when a check seems necessary. Most numerous of any single type of

scales in the Canal organization are the

familiar white plastic covered computing

scales in Commissary retail stores. Their

original cost of $450 each illustrates something of the exactitude and precision

of their mechanisms. Customers Can See Weights The customer who watches these scales

in action sees only the weight of a pur- chase as it is shown through a little "peephole" for that purpose on the customer side of the scales. The other side of the computing drum

(which itself is worth $150) shows such a mass of little figures (which tell clerks the amount of a purchase) that they are read through powerful magnifying glasses, which are adjustable to the height of the user. Even more exact in the matter of weighing and pricing are the scales at the Cold Storage Section of the Commissary Division at Mount Hope which are used in prepackaging meats.

In using these scales to prepackage meats (beef and lunch meats are not prepackaged at Mount Hope), the packers

first weigh the carton in which the meat

is to be packaged and the scale is adjusted

to exclude that weight in weighing and

pricing the meat. Then the meats are placed in the cartons and started down the conveyor

Industrial Bureau's Safety

Record Given Commendation

—

== "=2

262 IIERS

1 o^i

The safety record of the Industrial Bureau, which had only 11 lost-time

injuries during the past fiscal year, has been specially commended by Lt. Gov.

H. 0. Paxson.

This figure was 2 '4 percent of a total

of 490 lost-time injuries for the entire Company-Government organization during

the fiscal year. The Industrial Bureau's

record included no fatalities and only one permanent partial disability. Each Monday morning leadingmen and

foremen of the Industrial Bureau hold

safety meetings with workmen in their gangs, pointing out unsafe practices and

conditions and briefing the workmen on

the hazards of jobs scheduled for the coming workweek. In addition, a safety inspection of the Industrial Bureau plant

is made monthly. Now under study is a plan to train Local-rate safety committeemen who can keep in close touch with the workmen who

are scattered in jobs aboard ship and who

cannot be under constant supervision of

of a foreman or leadingman. The Industrial Biu'eau is also intensifying its campaign to persuade all employees to use such personal safety equipment as safety shoes, goggles, hats, and gloves.

belt that takes them to the scales, which show the exact price to be marked for the amount of meat in the package. The

chance of error is very slight but there is

still a checker at the end of the line to weigh and price over again random packages of meat to reduce further the chance

of error. Master Checlt Weights The final authority as to how much a pound weighs— the authority on which any adjustments are made by scale in- spectors—is a master set of check weights

at the Instrument Repair Shop at Balboa. These chrome plated brass weights are kept in dry storage and handled only with wooden tongs to prevent moisture or other outside conditions to affect even

slightly the weight. The check weights carried by scale in- spectors in making their monthly checks

are more battered in appearance but

accurate in their conformance with the weights of the shiny master set. Inaccuracies Are Corrected Whatever the inaccuracy, the weight

inspector corrects it, usually by checking

each part methoilically downward, starting from most obvious possible trouble spots and working toward the parts that

are usually less suspect. About 99 per- cent of the troubles with scales, according

to the inspectors, are corrected by the simple action of elbow grease on scales that need only a good cleaning. The scales that connot be fi.xed on the spot are taken to the Instrument Repair Shops for overhaul. For big scales there are 50-pound check

weights used by the inspectors in groups up to 1,000 pounds. For little scales the

delicate check weights go down to Yi ounce. But big or little, all Canal

scales used in making sales, must match

their models, the master weights, and

conform to standards always maintained by watchful, exacting eyes.