United States 

Department of 

Agriculture

Animal and 

Plant Health 

Inspection 

Service

Dec. 2013

Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

Final Rule

APHIS-2013-0004

Amendment of the Asian Longhorned Beetle 

(Anoplophora glabripennis) Quarantine Area 

in Ohio

Policy & Program Development

Policy Analysis & Development
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Summary

The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) is an invasive forest pest that was introduced into the 

United States in 1996. ALB attacks hardwood trees and can cause extensive economic and 

environmental damage. There are currently ALB infestations being eradicated in Ohio. This 

final rule expands the quarantine in Clermont County. 

In Ohio, entities likely to be affected by this rule include landscape companies, tree 

service companies, and waste haulers. Other types of businesses that may be impacted could 

include firewood dealers, trucking companies, construction companies, excavators, or property 

management companies. Additional costs of operating such businesses under ALB quarantine 

are small, and principally derive from self-inspection and certification of regulated material 

under compliance agreements. Most if not all of the businesses that will be affected by this rule 

in Ohio are small entities. 
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Table of Contents

Summary.............................................................................................................................. i

Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1

Need for and Objectives of the Rule................................................................................... 1

Significant Issues raised by Public Comment in response to the Initial Regulatory

Flexibility Analysis............................................................................................................. 2

Comments filed by the Small Business Administration in response to the Proposed Rule 2

Potentially Affected Small Entities..................................................................................... 3

Projected Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance Requirements..................... 3

Steps taken by APHIS to minimize Significant Economic Impacts on Small Entities ...... 4
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Introduction

The Regulatory Flexibility Act requires agencies to evaluate the potential effects of their 

proposed and final rules on small businesses, small organizations and small governmental 

jurisdictions. This final regulatory flexibility analysis describes expected impacts of this rule on 

small entities, as required by section 604 of the Act.

The Regulatory Flexibility Act requires agencies to evaluate the potential effects of their 

proposed and final rules on small businesses, small organizations and small governmental 

jurisdictions. This final regulatory flexibility analysis describes expected impacts of this final

rule on small entities, as required by section 603 of the Act.

The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) (Anoplophora glabripennis) is an invasive forest 

pest that attacks multiple hardwood tree species. ALB larvae bore deep into the heartwood of 

host trees, and tunnel back out as adult beetles to mate and lay eggs (typically on the same tree 

from which they emerge). The tunnels weaken and eventually kill the host trees. The beetle was 

introduced into the United States from Asia on solid wood packing materials, and was first 

observed in New York in 1996. Other infestations have since been identified in Illinois, New 

Jersey, Massachusetts, and Ohio.

APHIS quarantines areas of infestation in order to prevent the spread of ALB to noninfested areas. The quarantine orders restrict the movement of regulated articles, including 

firewood of all hardwood species, green lumber and other material living, dead, cut, or fallen. 

Other regulated materials include nursery stock, logs, stumps, roots, branches, and debris of onehalf inch or more in diameter of all ALB host tree genera (which include Acer, Aesculus, Albizia, 

Betula, Celtis, Fraxinus, Platanus, Populus, Salix, Sorbus and Ulmus).
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This final rule will expand the quarantine area in Clermont County, Ohio (the Township 

of Batavia and Stonelick). 

Need for and Objectives of the Rule

The regulations are being amended to change the quarantine area in order to better

prevent the spread of ALB to areas that are not currently infested. Restricting the movement of 

regulated articles helps to reduce the likelihood of human-assisted spread of the pest. Without 

regulation, the spread of ALB could have significant negative economic impacts on many

industries, such as landscaping, tree servicing, construction, waste disposal, and real estate. The 

spread of ALB would also impact aesthetic and recreational values provided by host trees. 

The Secretary of Agriculture, under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 

7701-7772), has the authority to promulgate regulations restricting the interstate movement of 

plant products. This final rule will amend 7 CFR 301.51-3 by adding to the list of quarantine 

areas an additional portion of Clermont County, Ohio. The objectives of this action are to 

prevent the human-assisted spread of ALB from newly found infested areas to non-infested 

areas, and any associated economic losses that would occur from the destruction of host trees; 

and remove the quarantine in an area where this pest has been eliminated.

Significant Issues raised by Public Comment in response to 

the Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis

No comments were received.

Comments filed by the Small Business Administration in 

response to the Proposed Rule

No comments were received.
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Potentially Affected Small Entities

This final rule will affect certain entities in both the added and removed quarantine areas. 

In Ohio, approximately 20 entities are likely to be affected by this rule; these entities include 

landscape companies, tree service companies, and waste haulers. Other types of businesses that 

may be impacted could include firewood dealers, trucking companies, construction companies, 

excavators, or property management companies. 

According to Small Business Administration standards, entities in the following 

industries, as categorized according to the North American Industry Classification System, may

be considered to be small if their annual receipts are not more than the indicated amounts: 

nursery and garden centers (NAICS 444220), $10 million; landscaping services (NAICS 

561730), $7 million; residential property managers (NAICS 531311), $2 million; site preparation 

contractors (NAICS 238910), $14 million; miscellaneous waste management services (NAICS 

562998), $7 million; solid waste landfill (NAICS 562212), $12.5 million; other fuel dealers 

(NAICS 454319), $7 million; truck transportation services (NAICS Subsector 484), $25.5 

million; and construction of buildings services (NAICS Subsector 236), $33.5 million. Although 

specific information on the size of entities in these industries in the affected areas is not 

available, we expect that most if not all are small. 

Projected Reporting, Recordkeeping, and Other Compliance 

Requirements

Conditions required for the interstate movement of regulated materials are set forth in 7 

CFR 301.51-4 through 7 CFR 301.51-9. In most instances, movement of a regulated article from 

an ALB quarantined area must be accompanied by a certificate or limited permit issued by an 
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inspector or person who has entered into a compliance agreement with APHIS. The services of

an inspector during normal business hours are furnished without cost; the user is responsible for 

all costs and charges arising from inspection and other services provided outside of normal 

business hours. Persons requiring certification or other services must request the services from 

an inspector at least 48 hours before the services are needed, and the regulated articles must be 

assembled at the place and in the manner that the inspector designates as necessary. Many

affected entities avoid these inconveniences by entering into compliance agreements. 

Costs for affected entities in the newly quarantined areas in Ohio are expected to be 

small. There are no costs to businesses that enter into a compliance agreement beyond the time 

required to learn about compliance responsibilities (such as by attending a one-hour workshop) 

and the required self-inspection of regulated articles moved from the quarantined area. Entities 

are allowed access to approved disposal sites for un-infested woody debris free of charge. If an 

individual suspects that materials are infested, costs of removal of infested materials are incurred 

by the government. 

For the newly listed areas in Ohio, the quarantine will not result in any adverse effects on

small entities beyond those already incurred because of current Federal Orders. 

Steps taken by APHIS to minimize Significant Economic 

Impacts on Small Entities

Based on our review of available information, APHIS does not expect the rule to have a 

significant economic impact on small entities. In the absence of significant economic impacts, 

we have not identified alternatives that would minimize such impacts.