### Appliances & Commercial Equipment Standards: Distribution Transformers

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## Distribution Transformers The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975 established an energy conservation program for major household appliances. The National Energy Conservation Policy Act of 1978 amended EPCA to add Part C of Title III, which established an energy conservation program for certain industrial equipment. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 amended EPCA to add certain commercial equipment, including distribution transformers. The Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program conducts the program that develops equipment energy conservation standards and has overall responsibility for rulemaking activities for distribution transformers in fulfillment of the law. The U.S. Department of Energy has published the final rule for the Distribution Transformers Energy Conservation Standard Rulemaking, 72 FR 58190 (October 12, 2007). The Departmenthas determined that energy conservation standards for liquidimmersed and medium-voltage, dry-type distribution transformers will result in significant conservation of energy, are technologically feasible, and are economically justified. Some of the following documents are available as Adobe Acrobat PDFs . Duwn1o:Fri 

### Energy Conservation Standard • Final Rule • Notice of Data Availability (PDF 154 KS) • N }Y!+ q T_f^ra^^. c ^l.le_r c kii.,^ ! NJON • Draft Analyses for l\IOPR ( August 5, 2005) • Advance N ti e_of_Pr3pn5ed ul nial ing • l rci! ' i t#i see- PjOl ti#13 • Framework Document (i?D r i0%B I 'Q) September 28, 2006, email message to all Distribution Transformer stakeholders (PDF 18 KB) 

### Test Procedure • Technical Correction to the Test Procedures for Distribution Transformers Final Rule , Federal Register , October 16, 2006 (!'t.r, S t'•3) • Paperwork Reduction Action Submission Pertaining to Test Procedures for Distribution Transformers Final Rule, October 13, 2006 (PUP firs KB) • Final Rule Test Procedures for Distribution Transformers, Federal Register , April 27, 2006 ({ F. ?'GP JK) • Proposed Information Collection, Federal Register , April 27,



### http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/distribution transformers.html 11/19/2007Appliances & Commercial Equipment Standards: Distribution Transformers

2006 (P[ 'F 49 K ) • Si rir^ri';a_n ii fVt7`I C '^. .Pr ^i+J:e.!_il RuIF_.;frii iti_n1 • Nzo! I r t ! 1-11 Tilt r irtit f )I'; i r r r n°-F;} r<..;:1 f r Prr e k'r,°_s for "^;l I ! tir:li ons` xr &r , June 23, 1999 • Pi d E=llk 1 November 12, 1998 Deterrainati :sz ,^Iallysis • "'ut cli:. `'i;^ .gi•Jllil-l +1^,, It"t^. itlrl^:^is17 

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### Contact Information AlItomi k -"3LIZC, Project Manager for Distribution Transformer Energy Conservation Standards (202) 586-4563

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;fJ(.'!7 rrrs .`sC:;- a ,-i Irr) & Pn < i r' I Building Techno logies larng:-an 11niTIQ I I-cf?E Home U.S. Department of Energy Content Last Updated: 11/15/2007 

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### Appliances & Commercial Equipment Standards: Distribution Transformers

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## Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

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## Distr ibution Transformers Energy Conservation Standard The U.S. Department of Energy has published the final rule for the Distribution Transformers Energy Conservation Standard Rulemaking . The Department has determined that energy conservation standards for liquid -immersed and medium-voltage, dry-type distribution transformers will result in significant conservation of energy, are technologically feasible , and are economically justified. On this basis , the Department is adopting energy conservation standards for liquid- immersed and mediumvoltage , dry-type distribution transformers. A oul: stail Liar-d5
Ln VI+:F SC Fd r't^+Afs t!^tityt. EPFCT 2005 '1est Proce dures Peer Review Irrlrti •n etlott lte^zraarce,s yeoticas & Rules
Schedule Sed.irv_, Public works h ops fit He.srfngs State ir; iatrr,i i 1lscluf Lat s Cot ii 'rciai Equf mt in F H ju L lLf t-ica }, aaF^ ..._- Drstribution Transformers Elr cttic: I'l for-, Fu'..l,na `• . Roilrra HiOh £nte+tsrty C!i chen r: La,,,rp P.@{'rtg rf'ated i'• 1.•?ra L7 ^? V. r Jii-tr] Muclrii e::: Pe,7,il (ration Egl.iiprrter.t small Electric: J1otor!+ Ptaar, Puri ip^

Residential Prrodtrrts Some of the following documents are available as Adobe Acrobat PDFs • Final Rule Federal Register Notice, Federal Register, October 12, 2007 (111d' 1.6 F118) • Finding of No Significant Impact , Federal Register, November 9, 2007 (r'C)F k? 4:E) • Fin,a RVle_"r: hn,i_c it Siif^l>cr r• DC? umLnt

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### APPENDIX 5B. SCALING RELATIONSHIPS IN TRANSFORMER MANUFACTURING TABLE OF CONTENTS

5B.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 5B-1 5B.2 THEORY AND BASIS FOR SCALING RULES ............................ 5B-4

5B.2.1 Power and Voltage Equations ............................... 5B-4 

### 5B.2.2 Losses

................................................... 5B-5 5B.2.3 Output and Winding Coefficients ........................... 5B-10 5B.2.4 Scaling Laws ...........................................5B-11

LIST OF TABLES Table 5B.1 Common Scaling Relationships in Transformers ......................... 5B-2 Table 5B.2 Nominal 60 Hz, Core-Type, Liquid-Filled, 12 kV Distribution Transformers . . 5B-11



### LIST OF FIGURES Figure 5B.1 Size and Performance Relationships by kVA Rating ..................... 5B-3 Figure 5B.2 Basic Three-Phase Transformer Dimensions ........................... 5B-12

### APPENDIX 5B. SCALING RELATIONSHIPS IN TRANSFORMER MANUFACTURING

5B.1 INTRODUCTION There exist certain fundamental relationships between the ratings in kilovolt-amperes (kVA) of transformers and their physical size and performance. A rather obvious such relationship is the fact that large transformers of the same voltage have lower percentage losses than small units, i.e., large transformers are more efficient. These size-versus-performance relationships arise from fundamental equations describing a transformer's voltage and kVA rating. For example, by fixing the kVA rating and voltage frequency, the product of the conductor current density, core flux density, core cross-sectional area, and total conductor cross-sectional area is constant. To illustrate this point, consider a transformer with frequency, magnetic flux density, current density, and basic impulse insulation levels (BIL) all fixed. If one enlarges (or decreases) the kVA rating, then the only free parameters are the core cross-section and the core window area through which the windings pass. Thus, to increase (or decrease) the kVA rating, the dimensions for height, width, and depth of the core/coil assembly may be scaled equally in all directions. Careful examination reveals that linear dimensions vary as the ratio of kVA ratings to the 1/4 power. Similarly, areas vary as the ratios of kVA ratings to the '/2 power and volumes vary as the ratio of the kVA ratings to the 3/4 or 0.75 power. Hence the term "0.75 scaling rule." Table 5B.1 depicts the most common scaling relationships in transformers.

### Table 5B.1 Common Scalin g Relationship s in Transformers 

### Parameter Being Scaled Relationship to kVA Rating (varies with ratio of kVAX) 

### Weight (kVAI/kVAo )3/4 

### Cost (kVAI/kVAo )3/4 

### Length (kVAI/kVAo)U4 Width (kVAI/kVAo)1/4 Height (kVAI/kVAo)1/4 Total Losses (kVAI/kVAo)3/4 

### No-load Losses (kVAI/kVAo )3/4 

### Exciting Current (kVAI/kVA0 )3/4 

### % Total Loss (kVAI/kVAo)-v4 % No Load Loss (kVAI/kVA0)-'/4 % Exciting Current (kVAI/kVAo)-'/4 

### % Resistance (R) (kVAI/kVAo)-`/4 % Reactance (X) 

### (kVAI/kVAo)'/4 Volts/Turn (kVAI/kVAo)'/2 The three elements listed below are true as the kVA rating increases or decreases, if the following factors are held constant: the type of transformer (distribution or power transformer, liquid-filled or dry-type, single-phase or three-phase), the primary voltage, the core configuration, the core material, the core flux density, and the current density (amperes per square inch of conductor cross-section) in both the primary and secondary windings. 1. The physical proportions are constant ( same relative shape), 2. The eddy loss proportion is essentially constant, and 3. The insulation space factor (voltage or BIL) is constant. In practical applications, it is rare to find that all of the above are constant over even limited ranges; however, over a range of one order of magnitude in both directions (e.g., from 50kVA to 5kVA or from 50kVA to 500kVA), the scaling rules shown in Table 5B.1 can be used to establish reasonable estimates of performance, dimensions, costs, and losses. In practice, these rules can be applied over even wider ranges to estimate general performance levels. The same quantities are depicted graphically in Figure 5B. I for reference.



### 5B-210.00 Weight, Cost, Total Loss, No-load loss, Exciting Current - 0.75 power -Volts/ turn - 0.5 power

0.10 1.00

0.1 1 10 Ratio q of q kVA's q Dimensions - Percent Reactance 0.25 power

Percentage: No-load Loss, Total Loss, Resistance - -0.25 power



### Figure 5B.1 Size and Performance Relationships by kVA Rating

To illustrate how the scaling laws are used, consider two transformers with kVA ratings of So and S1. The no-load losses (NL) and total losses (TL) of these two transformers would be depicted as NLo and TLo, and NL1 and TLI. Then the relationships between the NL and TL of the two transformers could be shown as follows:

These two equations can be manipulated algebraically to show that the load loss also varies to the 0.75 power. Starting with the concept that total losses equals no-load losses plus load losses, one can derive the relationship for load loss (LL), and show that it also scales to the 0.75 power. Specifically:



## LL1=TL1-NL1

Plugging the TLl and NLl terms into this equation:



### LL=

5B-3

### = (TL0 -[NLO )

That is,
LL, _

In this way, the 0.75 scaling rule can be used to derive the losses of a transformer, knowing the losses of a reference unit, if the specified type of transformer is held constant, and key parameters are fixed-such as the type of core material, core flux density, and conductor current density in the high and low voltage windings.

5B.2 THEORY AND BASIS FOR SCALING RULES To understand the origins of winding and output coefficients and related scaling laws, it is necessary to review some basic equations and definitions. Most are lifted freely or derived from similar material in Modern Power Transformer Practice, Wiley 1979, edited by R. Feinberg.' No mathematics beyond elementary algebra is required, but a good deal of implied physics and electrical engineering is required to fully appreciate these derivations. 5B.2.1 Power and Voltage Equations The machine equation relates the induced volts, V, per phase to the number of turns (N) the frequency (f) in Hertz, the peak core flux density Bm in Tesla, and the cross-sectional area of the core steel (AFe) in square meters. The units are mixed to simplify the basic equations, a common practice in transformer design texts. The machine equation is derived from Faraday's law, which is expressed as



## v=-NG 

# at
where v is the instantaneous value of V, and -]is the derivative of changing magnetic flux with respect to time. C9 t Considering V as the root-mean-square (RMS) value of a sine-wave alternating current voltage, the above equation can be converted into: 

### V/N = 4.44 f B. AFe Eq. 1

5B-4

### The voltage and turns may apply to either the primary or the secondary winding and , for the ideal

transformer with no losses and no-leakage flux, V1/V2 = N1/N2 = n = I2/I1
where V, and V2 represent primary and secondary voltages respectively, N, and N2 primary and secondary turns, and I , and I2 primary and secondary currents in amperes (amps). The quantity n q is referred to as the "turns ratio." With the parameters defined, and using Equation 1, the output or transformer capacity ( S) in megavolt-amperes (MVA) per phase can be expressed as: 

### S = 4.44 f B. AFe N I Eq. la The overall cross -section of primary plus secondary conductors in square meters is Acu = (N, a, + N2a2) x 10-6 and, assuming current densities for primary and secondary windings to be equal, then 

### Acu=2x 10-6Na
where "a " is the conductor cross

- section in square millimeters (mm2) of an individual turn referred to the winding with N turns, and a , and a2 are conductor cross

- sections of primary and secondary turns, respectively

. As long as the winding current densities are equal, either winding may be used as reference, provided the choice of primary or secondary is consistent. Starting with Equation 1 a, using the Acu relationship explained above, and letting J represent current density in amps per mm2: 

### S = 2.22 f Bm J AFe Acu Eq. 2
Let AW be the core window area in square meters, and k,,, the window space factor, as given by 2 Acu /AW. ( Refer to Figure 5B.2 and note that , in a three

-phase transformer, there are two coil phases occupying a given core window). This fraction is indicative of the insulation and cooling channel requirements

. For distribution transformers , kW is found to be about 0.3-0.4 for nominal 12 kV systems. Using these definitions, 

### S = 1.11 fB.JAFek, AW Eq. 2a Note that , for a given MVA rating , and specified flux and current densities , the product of conductor and core cross

- section is constant and inversely related ; i.e. AFe a 1/Acu.
5B.2.2 Losses 

### Ideally, if the values of energy loss in Watts per kilogram (W/kg) of unit mass of the core and windings are known , the total core and load losses (PFe and Pcu ) can be readily obtained.

5B-5

### These results are accomplished by multiplying the W/kg for both core and windings by the core

mass and the conductor mass respectively (or by their volumes times material densities). The Department uses the convention that lower case corresponds to per-unit quantities and upper case corresponds to total or total-per-phase quantities. Load losses consist of resistive (PR) and eddy (pi) components. Expressions can be derived that express each in terms of the conductor properties and geometry. The fraction of eddy losses plays an important role and can be expressed as 

### %Pi = 100 Pi/PR, or p = PR
Ignoring stray loss, (which is associated with eddy losses), let Pt represent total load loss for a three-phase transformer. That is,

= 3Pc„
Also assume the same eddy loss fraction in primary and secondary windings.

/,TOLD 1 0/_n 

### Pc„= 

### PR+P i = PR+ PRI E PR -k +1PR 100 

### Closely associated with the load loss of a transformer is its impedance. When the load loss of a given transformer is determined by test (the watt-meter reading in the test circuit), that same test also provides the value of the impedance (the voltmeter reading in the test circuit). Impedance in a transformer is expressed in terms of the "impedance voltage," which is defined as "the voltage required to circulate rated current through one of two specified windings of a transformer when the other winding is short-circuited, with the windings connected as for rated voltage operation" (IEEE C57.12.80). For convenience, "percent impedance," %Z, is used to describe the impedance voltage of a transformer. In accordance with the definition given above, 

## %Z= IZ x l00

V that is, when related to the primary or secondary winding of a transformer, the percent impedance is the percent voltage drop due to impedance when rated current flows through the respective primary or secondary winding of the transformer. The %Z may be represented by its resistive and reactive components, %R and %X, as 

# %Z 

# = 

# ( 

# / ai 

# +Mo x 

# ) ^

5B-6

### Therefore , one cc ^ an express percent resistance (%R) as follows:
%R =Lm^ JRIO 

# V Note that R in the numerator must represent the total resistance in the transformer windings. Therefore, if the transformer is being viewed from the primary terminals, the value of R would be the total resistance of the primary winding, plus the total resistance of the secondary winding referred to the primary winding, (R2(N,/N2)2). 

### Where the percent impedance, percent reactance , and percent resistance are related to the voltage across the primary or secondary winding of a transformer, the percent load loss (% 12R) is related to the MVA capacity of the transformer, stray loss being ignored as stated previously. Multiplying numerator and denominator in the above equation by I, and letting Pt represent total load loss in watts and S represent the MVA per phase rating, one can determine the percent load loss as:



### Percent load loss =

%R=1 C pt 3S 

## IZRx102 - 2 Rx102

IxV 3SxW

Thus, an expression of %R is equivalent to indicating the transformer' s load loss. From Equation 2, it is evident that, once the core flux density and current density are fixed, the transformer rating is dependent on the core cross-section and window area. Next, one can derive information about the window shape. In a detailed discussion of the reactance, the electrical characteristics would depend on: • the ratio of winding height (h) to the winding mean turn (s), and

• the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the core and conductor (AFe /Ac„ ). The mean value of s (a linear measurement, recording the circumference), is given by the equation s = (s, + s2)/2, where s, is the mean turn of the primary winding and s2 is the mean turn of the secondary winding. These ratios, together with the necessary space factors for insulating and cooling clearances, establish the relative volumes of the core and conductor. Consequently, if fixed values for the specific loadings and, therefore specific losses for core and conductor can be assumed, the ratios of core loss and load loss are established.

5B-7

### The following application of relationships derives an expression relating the flux and

current densities. The expression starts with:



# P,, = (I 2 

# 1 R, +1 2 

# 2R2 )ki, where subscripts 1 and 2 indicate primary and secondary windings, respectively. The resistance per phase of the primary winding is given by

where a, is the cross-sectional area of the primary copper conductor, and p is the resistivity at full load operating temperature of the conductor, 21.4 x 10-3 ohm-meters. The value of R2 is similarly obtained:



## .•. Pcu =

Ilse

.•. Pc„ = IN (Oal 2'2 

## pki

a2 q
where IN is the ampere

-turns in either winding . As before, the assumption of equal current densities in the windings is made, driven by the condition for minimum I2R loss. Accordingly, Pc„ = 21NJsp k;
J _C , the current density equation. 21Nspk.
Multiplying Equation 1 by I and rearranging algebraically, one gets:



## IN=te

e 4.44M.AFe



### 5B-8

### It was established earlier that S is the rating per phase in MVA, i.e., VI = 1065. Thus:



## IN=L 1I 4.44fBmAFe


### Using the current density equation, substituting the resistivity value for p, and the above value for IN, one can derive that:

J 

## = - 

## 104 x 10^ fBmAFePCh 

## l sS

The watts of conductor loss (for copper) can be expressed as a percentage of the transformer MVA rating:



### P x 102 %Pa, _ S
or, in kilowatts:

%PCu =!° x102 = 

### 0. lp



### SxDY S By substituting in the revised equation for J ( amperes per square meter ), one gets 

## J _ 104x i 6 fBmAF S x ° ?o, 1040x 1WfBmAFe x%P kisS 0.1 l s ^` Eq. 3

If aluminum windings were used instead of copper, a value of 655 would be substituted for 1040. The expression assumes equal J in both windings, and that both windings are made of the same material. The losses are expressed at operating temperature. If J and Bm are chosen independently, the transformer will have a natural value of conductor loss depending on the ratio AFe/s. Conversely, if losses are specified, the choice of J is determined by Bm and AFe/s. Note that this relationship gives no information about the other transformer dimensions. The impedance, voltage, and other space requirements provide the majority of this information.



### 5B-9

### 5B.2.3 Output and Winding Coefficients

Starting with the output or power Equation 2, one can write:

S=222fB JA A or A 

## S

M Fe Cu Fe 2.22 f

## B m

## J Ac,, Then, without changing the value, one can state:

AFe = 

## N S2

(2.22f BmJ Ajr

AFe = _ 

## vrS AFe 

## (2.22f Bm J)(AC,) Use KAS to represent the portion of Equation 4 to the right of. V J Eq. 4

The expression KAS is essentially constant for a wide range of transformer classes and is called the output coefficient. For three-phase, liquid-filled distribution transformers at 60 Hz, thevalue of KAS ranges from 0.050 to 0.055, with a nominal median value of 0.052. For singlephase, wound-core, liquid-filled units at 60 Hz, the median value is about 0.040. In a similar fashion, making use of Equation 4, we can restate Equation 1 as follows:



### V = 4.44fB AF _ (4.44fBm)2 SAFe N m e 2.21BmJAc,,

8.88fBm A^ q

S) q J Eq. 5
The expression Kvs is also essentially constant for a wide range of transformer classes and is called the winding coefficient. One can also express Kvs in terms of KAS: Kvs 4.44 f Bm KAs 2.22 f BmJ (AFe)(AO or (2.22fBmJAc,)^

5B-10

### For 60 Hz systems, this may be rewritten as Kvs = 266.4 Br„ KAS. Thus the median values

for Kvs become 21.5 for three-phase and 17.0 for single-phase, wound-core distribution transformers at 60 Hz with B. = 1.55 Tesla. Equations 4-5 provide initial estimates for transformer dimensions in studies. They are the starting basis for the scaling laws used to scale designs and performance. Typical values are given in Table 5B.2 for core type, liquid-filled, 60 Hz distribution transformers at 12 kV, 95 kV BIL.

Table 5B.2 Nominal 60 Hz, Core-Type, Liquid

-Filled , 12 kV Distribution Transformers

Class B. of Dist. J (A/mm2 ) ( Tesla ) AFe/ACU KAS Kvs %X Transf. Range Nominal Nominal Range Nominal Range Nominal 3-Phase 2.4-3.2 2.7 1.55 1.4-2.8 1.6 0.050- 0.052 21.5 4.75 0.055 1-Phase 2.0 -2.5 2.3 1.55 0.65- 0.85 0.8 0.038- 0.041 17.0 4.75 0.043


### 5B.2.4 Scaling Laws Having established the output and winding coefficients, it is instructive to examine the origin of the 0.75 rules for scaling transformer losses. To illustrate, first of all, one needs to set relationships as follows:

Fe = KAS S


### A,, =Kcs[S , (where Kcs= - )
AS 

### s, l 

### AFeo.5 

### + bW ^ So.25



## 4 The shape of the window is set by voltage and the ratio his, which is essentially constant for a given voltage and size, thus setting bW. Refer to Figure 5B.2 for dimensional definitions.

### Now, one considers the load losses , PC„ (in kW/phase):


## IZR __ ( 

## S ) 

## 2 R S 2 R PCu 

## = 1000 V 1000 V 1000
4.28 x 10 -17 

## S2sN2 Acu V2 

# - K^Sxs =K'S0-75

The other scaling laws are derived in a similar fashion.

2b f

Note: This diagram is not to scale

bW

4 0

2

ro
b2 bp 2

Fi

# ^'

/1p2

AFeA



### Figure 5B.2 Basic Three- Phase Transformer Dimensions s' 2n

S 2n 

# 10 2



### 5B-12

### REFERENCES

1. Modern power transformer practice , Edited by R Feinberg , Wiley Publishers , New York, NY, 1979. ISBN: 047026344XFederal Register /Vol. 72, No. 217 /Friday, November 9, 2007 /Notices

to obtain all necessary permits for road construction. In 2040, the lease agreement expires and the developer is obligated to demolish the 300 housing units. During development of the EIS, the Navy will evaluate the no-action alternative and several alternative road alignments which will provide unimpeded access from the Laurelwood housing area to a State primary or secondary road without adversely impacting NWS Earle security or operational/mission capability. In addition to the natural and cultural environment located along the various road alignments, the Navy will evaluate the potential impacts to local school systems, base security, community services, and traffic impacts at proposed intersections to state roads. Since NWS Earle was acquired under exclusive federal jurisdiction, police, fire, and rescue services would continue to be provided by the Navy under the proposed action. The Navy is initiating the scoping process to identify community concerns and local issues to be addressed in this EIS. Navy representatives will be available at the public open-house scoping meeting to receive comments from the public regarding issues of concern. Federal, State, and local agencies and interested individuals are encouraged to take this opportunity to identify concerns that should be addressed during the preparation of the EIS. Agencies and the public are also invited and encouraged to provide written comments on scoping issues in addition to, or in lieu of, comments provided at the open-house meeting. Written comments must be postmarked by December 14, 2007 and should be mailed to: Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Atlantic, Attn: Code EV21LR, 6506 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia 23508. Comments can also be submitted no later than December 14, 2007 via the project Web site: http://www.laurelwoodeis.com. Dated: October 31, 2007. T.M. Cruz, Lieutenant, Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Navy, Federal Register Liaison Officer. [FR Doc. E7-22039 Filed 11-8-07; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3810-FF-P DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Finding of No Significant Impact: Energy Conservation Program for Commercial Equipment , Distribution Transformers AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION: Finding of No Significant Impact for Energy Conservation Standards for distribution transformers. SUMMARY : The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended, prescribes energy conservation standards for certain consumer products and commercial equipment. Part C of Title III (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317) establishes a program for "Certain Industrial Equipment," which includes distribution transformers. The Department of Energy (DOE) is directed to administer an energy conservation program for this product. Based on an Environmental Assessment (EA), DOE/ EA-1565, which is published as part of the Distribution Transformer Technical Support Document (TSD), DOE has determined that the adoption of energy efficiency for liquid-immerseddistribution transformers and mediumvoltage dry-type distribution transformers, as adopted by the Final Rule entitled the "Energy Conservation Program for Commercial Equipment: Distribution Transformers Energy Conservation Standards; Final Rule," published on October 12, 2007 (72 FR 58190), would not be a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment within the meaning of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Therefore, an environmental impact statement (EIS) is not required, and the Department is issuing this Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI). ADDRESSES : Copies of the EA and the TSD, as well as the complete docket for the distribution transformer rulemaking can be reviewed at the U.S. Department of Energy, Resource Room of the Building Technologies Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Washington, DC (202) 586-2945, between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Please call Ms. Brenda Edwards-Jones at the above telephone number for additional information regarding visiting the Resource Room. You may also obtain copies of certain previous rulemaking documents from this proceeding (i.e., Framework Document, advance notice of proposed rulemaking (ANOPR), notice of proposed rulemaking (NOPR or proposed rule)), draft analyses, public 63563 meeting materials, and related test procedure documents from the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Web site at http:// www. eere. en ergy.gov/buildings/ appliance standards1commerciall distribution-transformers.h tml. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Antonio Bouza, Project Manager, Energy Conservation Standards for DistributionTransformers, Docket No. EE-RM/STD00-550, U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program, EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121, (202) 586-4563, e-mail: Antonio.Bouza@ee.doe.gov. For further information regarding the DOE NEPA process contact: Ms. Othalene Lawrence, EERE NEPA Compliance Officer (EE-3C), U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585- 0119, (202) 586-8596. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Description of the Final Rule: The final rule published on October 12, 2007 established an energy conservation standard for liquid-immerseddistribution transformers and mediumvoltage dry-type distribution transformers. 72 FR 58190. Environmental Impacts: The EA and TSD evaluate the environmental impacts of a range of energy conservation standards for distribution transformers. The results are presented for each TSL that DOE considered in this rulemaking. Each TSL was considered as an alternative action, and the environmental impacts of each alternative are compared to what would be expected to happen if no new standard were adopted, i.e., the "no action" alternative. The main environmental impact is decreased emissions from fossil-fueled electricity generation. All of the minimum efficiency levels that were considered for this commercial product would result in decreased electricity use and, therefore, a reduction in power plant emissions. The adopted energy conservation standard will generally decrease air pollution by decreasing future energy demand. The environmental analysis considers carbon dioxide (CO2) nitrogen oxides (NOx), mercury (Hg) and sulfur dioxide (S02)- The results of the analysis show an estimated cumulative reduction of 250 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions for liquid-immersed and medium-voltage dry-type distribution transformers between 2010 and 2038.63564 Federal Register /Vol. 72, No. 217 /Friday, November 9, 2007 /Notices

Because emissions of NOx, Hg and SO2 from power plants are capped by clean air legislation, physical emissions from electricity generation will be only minimally affected by distribution transformers energy conservation standards. The maximum NOx, Hg and SO2 allowed by law will most likely still be produced, but because these emissions are traded, and if emissions are lowered due to the reduction in power generation, then the cost of emission credits may decrease slightly. Therefore, the EA did not consider changes in power sector emissions because they will be negligible. Determination: Based upon the EA, DOE has determined that the adoption of the final rule energy conservation standard for distribution transformers would not constitute a major Federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, within the meaning of NEPA. Therefore, an EIS is not required, and the Department is issuing this FONSI. Issued in Washington, DC, on November 1, 2007. Alexander A. Karsner, Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. [FR Doc. E7-22004 Filed 11-8-07; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6450-01-P
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Such protests must be filed on or before the date as indicated below. Anyone filing a protest must serve a copy of that document on all the parties to the proceeding. The Commission encourages electronic submission of protests in lieu of paper using the "eFiling" link at http://www.ferc.gov. Persons unable to file electronically should submit an original and 14 copies of the protest to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE., Washington, DC 20426. This filing is accessible on-line at http://www.ferc.gov, using the "eLibrary" link and is available for review in the Commission's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. There is an "eSubscription" link on the Web site that enables subscribers to receive e-mail notification when a document is added to a subscribed docket(s). For assistance with any FERC Online service, please e-mail FERCOnlineSupport@ferc.gov, or call (866) 208-3676 (toll free). For TTY, call (202) 502-8659. Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern Time November 8, 2007. Kimberly D. Bose, Secretary. [FR Doc. E7-22020 Filed 11-8-07; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6717-01-P
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission considered by the Commission in determining the appropriate action to be taken, but will not serve to make protestants parties to the proceeding. Such protests must be filed in on or before the date as indicated below. Anyone filing a protest must serve a copy of that document on all the parties to the proceeding. The Commission encourages electronic submission of protests in lieu of paper using the "eFiling" link at http://www.ferc.gov. Persons unable to file electronically should submit an original and 14 copies of the protest to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE., Washington, DC 20426. This filing is accessible on-line at http://www.ferc.gov, using the "eLibrary" link and is available for review in the Commission's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. There is an "eSubscription" link on the Web site that enables subscribers to receive e-mail notification when a document is added to a subscribed docket(s). For assistance with any FERC Online service, please e-mail FERCOnlineSupport@ferc.gov, or call (866) 208-3676 (toll free). For TTY, call (202) 502-8659. Protest Date: 5 p.m. Eastern Time November 7, 2007. Kimberly D. Bose, Secretary. [FR Doc. E7-22018 Filed 11-8-07; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6717-01-P [Docket No. CP07- 393-001] Nornew Energy Supply , Inc.; Notice of Compliance Filing November 2, 2007. Take notice that on October 22, 2007, Nornew Energy Supply, Inc. (NES) tendered for filing as part of its FERC Gas Tariff, Original Volume No. 1, First Revised Original Sheet No. 1, effective October 26, 2007. NES tendered for filing its compliance filing consisting of a notice to cancel its FERC Gas Tariff. NES states that upon cancellation of its tariff, NES will be a Hinshaw pipeline, exempt from Commission regulation under the Natural Gas Act and regulated by the New York Public Service Commission. Any person desiring to protest this filing must file in accordance with Rule 211 of the Commission's Rules of Practice and Procedure (18 CFR 385.211). Protests to this filing will be considered by the Commission in determining the appropriate action to be taken, but will not serve to make protestants parties to the proceeding. [Docket No

. CP06

- 115-003] Texas Eastern Transmission, LP; Notice of Compliance Filing November 2, 2007. Take notice that on October 30, 2007, Texas Eastern Transmission, L.P. (Texas Eastern) tendered for filing as part of its FERC Gas Tariff, Seventh Revised Volume No. 1, the following tariff sheets, with an effective date of December 1, 2007: Original Sheet No. 35B Sixth Revised Sheet No. 211 Fourth Revised Sheet No. 213 Sixth Revised Sheet No. 501 Sixth Revised Sheet No. 529 Eighth Revised Sheet No. 627 Texas Eastern states that the filing is being made in compliance with the Commission's order issued on June 8, 2007 in Docket No. CP06-115-000. Any person desiring to protest this filing must file in accordance with Rule 211 of the Commission's Rules of Practice and Procedure (18 CFR 385.211). Protests to this filing will be DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. CP07-14-002] Wyoming Interstate Company, Ltd; Notice of Compliance Filing November 2, 2007. Take notice that on October 17, 2007, Wyoming Interstate Company, Ltd (WIC) tendered for filing as part of its FERC Gas Tariff, Second Revised Volume No. 2, the following tariff sheets, with an effective date of November 17, 2007: Eighteenth Revised Sheet No. 4A Twentieth Revised Sheet No. 4B Seventeenth Revised Sheet No. 4C Ninth Revised Sheet No. 5A Original Sheet No. 5A. 01 Eleventh Revised Sheet No. 11 Fourth Revised Sheet No. 11A Eighth Revised Sheet No. 26 Ninth Revised Sheet No. 27 Ninth Revised Sheet No. 28 Sixteenth Revised Sheet No. 38 First Revised Sheet No. 83B