Sampling Episode Report 

Duke Energy Carolinas’ 

Belews Creek Steam Station 

Belews Creek, NC 

Sampling Episode 6558 

Prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Engineering and Analysis Division 

Office of Water 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, D.C. 20460 

Prepared by: 

Eastern Research Group, Inc.

14555 Avion Parkway 

Suite 200 

Chantilly, VA 20151 

 13 December 2011 

EPA Contract No. 68-C-02-095 

Work Assignment 9-29 
i

CONTENTS 

Page 

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Background of Detailed Study ............................................................................. 1-1

1.2 Power Plant Site Selection ................................................................................... 1-1

1.3 Sampling Episode Overview................................................................................ 1-2

2. FACILITY OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1 FGD Scrubber System ......................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 FGD Wastewater Treatment System ................................................................... 2-2

2.2.1 Physical/Chemical Separation ................................................................. 2-3

2.2.2 Biological Reactors .................................................................................. 2-4

2.2.3 Sampling Points ....................................................................................... 2-5

3. SAMPLE COLLECTION ....................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Sampling Points, Sample Collection Methods, and Field Measurements ........... 3-1

3.1.1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System ...................................... 3-2

3.1.2 Influent to Bioreactor System .................................................................. 3-4

3.1.3 Effluent from Bioreactor System ............................................................. 3-7

3.2 List of Analytes and Sample Preservation ........................................................... 3-9

3.3 Plant Operational Data ....................................................................................... 3-11

3.4 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan ............................................. 3-11

4. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................... 4-1

5. DATA QUALITY ................................................................................................................. 5-1

5.1 Analytical Quality Control ................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Field Quality Control ........................................................................................... 5-1

5.2.1 Bottle Blanks ............................................................................................ 5-1

5.2.2 Equipment Blanks .................................................................................... 5-2

5.2.3 Field Blanks ............................................................................................. 5-2

5.2.4 Field Duplicates ....................................................................................... 5-4

6. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 6-1

Appendix A: ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Appendix B: DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES

Appendix C: PICTURES FROM THE SAMPLING EPISODE
ii

LIST OF TABLES 

Page 

Table 3-1. Sample Collection Information, Belews Creek ........................................................ 3-13

Table 3-2. Sample Collection at Belews Creek Steam Station .................................................. 3-16

Table 3-3. Field Measurements, Belews Creek ......................................................................... 3-17

Table 3-4. Crosswalk of Sample Number to Sampling Point and Day, Belews Creek ............. 3-19

Table 3-5. Analytical Methods, Belews Creek .......................................................................... 3-20

Table 3-6. Summary of Sample Container and Planned Preservation, Belews Creek .............. 3-21

Table 3-7. Sample Preservation Summary, Belews Creek ........................................................ 3-22

Table 3-8. Generating Unit Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Belews 

Creek .............................................................................................................................. 3-25

Table 3-9. FGD Scrubber System Operating Characteristics, Belews Creek ............................ 3-26

Table 3-10. Coal Usage during Sample Collection, Belews Creek ........................................... 3-27

Table 3-11. Scrubber Slurry Information during Sample Collection, Belews Creek ................ 3-27

Table 3-12. FGD Wastewater Treatment System Operation Information, Belews Creek ......... 3-28

Table 4-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews Creek ............................... 4-3

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek ..................................................... 4-7

Table 4-3. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek .............................................. 4-11

Table 4-4. Classical Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System, Belews Creek .................................................................................. 4-15

Table 4-5. Metal Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System, Belews Creek .................................................................................. 4-16

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results – Influent to Bioreactor System, Belews Creek .................. 5-5

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results – Effluent from Bioreactor System, Belews Creek ............. 5-8

Table A-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 1 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek .................................................................................................................. A-1
LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 

Page 

iii

Table A-2. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 2 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek .................................................................................................................. A-5

Table A-3. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 3 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek .................................................................................................................. A-8

Table A-4. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 4 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-11

Table A-5. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews Creek ....... A-14

Table A-6. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews Creek ....... A-17

Table A-7. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belews Creek ....... A-20

Table A-8. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews Creek ....... A-23

Table A-9. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews 

Creek ............................................................................................................................. A-26

Table A-10. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews 

Creek ............................................................................................................................. A-29

Table A-11. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belews 

Creek ............................................................................................................................. A-32

Table A-12. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews 

Creek ............................................................................................................................. A-35

Table A-13. Duplicate of Influent to the Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Belews 

Creek ............................................................................................................................. A-38

Table A-14. Duplicate of Effluent from the Bioreactor System Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-41

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek ................... A-44

Table A-16. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System Field Blank, Day 1 

Analytical Results, Belews Creek ................................................................................. A-49

Table A-17. Influent to the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-51

Table A-18. Influent to the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-53
LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 

Page 

iv

Table A-19. Influent to the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 3 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-54

Table A-20. Influent to the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 4 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-55

Table A-21. Effluent from the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-56

Table A-22. Effluent from the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-58

Table A-23. Effluent from the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 3 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-59

Table A-24. Effluent from the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 4 Analytical Results, 

Belews Creek ................................................................................................................ A-60
v

LIST OF FIGURES 

Page 

Figure 2-1. Simplified Diagram of the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews 

Creek ................................................................................................................................ 2-6

Figure 2-2. Physical/Chemical Separation and Biological Reactor Portion of FGD 

Wastewater Treatment System, Belews Creek ................................................................ 2-7

Figure C-1. Sampler Working Inside a “Cleanbox” ....................................................................C-1

Figure C-2. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Influent to the FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System ..............................................................................................................................C-2

Figure C-3. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Pump-Off Station .................................................C-3

Figure C-4. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Influent to the Bioreactor System ........................C-4

Figure C-5. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Effluent from the Bioreactor System ......................C-5
1-1

1. INTRODUCTION

The Engineering and Analysis Division (EAD) of the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) is conducting a sampling program at steam electric power plants. The sampling 

program will characterize raw wastewaters generated by coal-fired steam electric power plants 

and evaluate treatment technologies and best management practices used to reduce pollutant 

discharges. This Sampling Episode Report (SER) describes the sampling activities that took 

place June 6 - 11, 2010, at Duke Energy Carolinas’ Belews Creek Steam Station (Belews Creek), 

located in Belews Creek, North Carolina (Sampling Episode 6558). The focus of Episode 6558 

was to characterize the purge stream entering the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater 

treatment system and the influent to and effluent from the FGD bioreactor treatment system. The 

influent to the bioreactor system also represents the effluent from the chemical precipitation 

system. 

1.1 Background of Detailed Study

During EPA’s recently completed detailed study of the steam electric industry, EPA 

identified metals and certain other constituents present in the wastewater discharges from steam 

electric power plants that substantially contribute to the toxic loadings for the industry. 

Additionally, EPA determined that one of the waste streams contributing most of these toxic 

loadings are associated with wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems present at coal-fired 

power plants. Based on these findings, EPA has focused the sampling program on characterizing 

the untreated FGD wastewaters and effluent quality from technologies designed to treat the 

wastewater. 

1.2 Power Plant Site Selection

EPA selected steam electric plants for FGD wastewater sampling based on the process 

configurations and characteristics of the plants. 

Belews Creek was selected by EPA for sampling based on the following site 

characteristics: 

 The plant is a coal-fired power plant that burns eastern bituminous coal in each of 

its two generating units; 

 The plant operates limestone forced oxidation wet FGD systems on both units; 

 The plant operates a segregated FGD wastewater treatment system, which 

includes the following steps: 

— Equalization, 

— pH adjustment (lime addition), 

— Ferric chloride addition, 

— Polymer addition, 

— Clarification, 

— Filtration, 

— Biological treatment (nitrogen and metals), and 

 The plant operates selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems on both units; and 

 The plant produces a commercial-grade gypsum by-product. 
1-2

1.3 Sampling Episode Overview

EPA and its technical contractor, Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG) conducted a oneday pre-sampling site visit at Belews Creek on March 12, 2008 as part of the detailed study. EPA 

also collected samples from the FGD wastewater treatment system at Belews Creek in October 

2008 as part of the detailed study. Data obtained from the October 2008 sampling episode can be 

found in the Final Sampling Episode Report Duke Energy Carolinas’ Belews Creek Steam 

Station (DCN 06197). The information collected during the pre-sampling site visit and during the 

October 2008 sampling episode was used to create Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Carolinas’ 

Belews Creek Steam Station (Sampling Plan) [1], which describes the sample collection 

procedures used during the sampling episode. 

On Sunday, June 6, 2010, EPA arrived at Belews Creek to meet with plant personnel, 

receive on-site safety training, review the sampling points, and determine the set-up for the 

sample collection. EPA and ERG collected the samples specified in the Sampling Plan on 

Monday through Friday (June 7 – 11, 2010). The following personnel participated in EPA’s 

sample collection activities: 

 Ron Jordan, EPA/EAD; 

 Jezebele Alicea, EPA/EAD; 

 TJ Finseth, ERG; 

 Elizabeth Sabol, ERG; 

 Becky Schwantes, ERG; 

 Kim Wagoner, ERG; and 

 Jessica Wolford, ERG. 

In addition, during the sample collection, EPA collected split samples with the Utility 

Water Act Group (UWAG). UWAG is a trade association for the electric power generating 

industry. During the sampling episode, UWAG acted as Belews Creek’s representative and 

collected samples on behalf of the plant. 
2-1

2. FACILITY OVERVIEW

Belews Creek operates two steam electric units and each has a coal-fired boiler. Belews 

Creek burns approximately 19,000 tons of eastern bituminous coal per day. Units 1 and 2, which 

came on line in 1974 and 1975, respectively, each have a capacity of 1,200 megawatts (MW). 

The Belews Creek plant and supporting facilities are located on approximately 700 acres in 

Belews Creek, NC, adjacent to Belews Lake. The plant owns approximately 7,000 acres adjacent 

to Belews Lake. 

In 2008, Belews Creek retrofitted both units with wet FGD scrubber systems to control 

the sulfur dioxide (SO2) releases from the plant. The Unit 1 FGD system was installed in 

February 2008, and the Unit 2 FGD system was installed in May 2008. The wet FGD scrubbers 

are designed to remove more than 95 percent of SO2 from the flue gas. With the addition of the 

FGD scrubber systems, Belews Creek also installed an FGD wastewater treatment system to 

control the discharges of the wastewater generated during the operation of the FGD scrubbers. 

Sections 2.1 and 2.2 further discuss the FGD scrubber systems and the FGD wastewater 

treatment system, respectively. 

Belews Creek retrofitted Units 1 and 2 with SCR systems in August 2003 and February 

2004, respectively, to control nitrogen oxide (NOx) releases from the plant. Initially, Belews 

Creek was only operating the SCRs during ozone season, May through September; however, in 

January 2007, Belews Creek began operating the SCRs year-round. Belews Creek personnel 

stated that the plant plans to continue operating the SCRs year-round into the foreseeable future. 

The electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) at Belews Creek are particulate control devices that 

are designed to remove 99.8 percent of the fly ash and other particulates from the flue gas. 

Belews Creek utilizes ESPs to remove the fly ash from both units. The fly ash and other 

particulates are collected in hoppers and typically are pneumatically transferred to fly ash silos. 

However, Belews Creek also has the capability of handling the fly ash wet by sluicing the fly ash 

in the hoppers and transferring the fly ash sluice water to the ash basin. 

Units 1 and 2 have the following configuration: 

 Boiler; 

 Air preheater; 

 SCR system; 

 ESP; and 

 FGD scrubber system. 

2.1 FGD Scrubber System

Belews Creek operates a wet FGD scrubber system on both Units 1 and 2, downstream of 

the ESP, to control the emission of sulfur dioxide from the unit. The plant uses limestone slurry 

as the sorbent for sulfur dioxide absorption. Limestone and service water are fed to on-site ball 

mills, which pulverize the limestone to create the slurry. From the ball mills, the slurry is 

transferred to hydrocyclones to collect limestone particles that are too large for use in the FGD 

system. The underflow from the hydrocyclones is transferred to the reject tank and then sent 
2-2

back to the ball mill for additional processing. The overflow from the hydrocyclones, which is 

approximately 27 to 30 percent solids (by weight), is transferred to the reagent tank for storage 

and then used as fresh limestone slurry in the absorber. 

The fresh limestone slurry is fed to the reaction tank of the FGD system and the recycle 

pumps send the slurry to the various levels of the FGD scrubber (typically three of four spray 

levels are operating at one time). The slurry is pressurized and sprayed downward into the 

scrubber vessel through spray nozzles. As the slurry falls downward and the flue gas flows 

countercurrent to the slurry, the spray droplets of the limestone slurry contact the flue gas and 

absorb the SO2, which reacts with the limestone particles and produces calcium sulfite. The spray 

droplets continue to flow downward in the scrubber until they reach the reaction tank. Belews 

Creek bubbles air through the reaction tank to oxidize the calcium sulfite to calcium sulfate (i.e., 

gypsum). 

Belews Creek intermittently blows down the gypsum slurry from the reaction tank to 

maintain the solids concentration in the scrubbers around 15 percent solids. The chlorides 

concentration in the scrubbers is maintained between 8,000 and 10,000 parts per million (ppm), 

with a design maximum chlorides concentration of 12,000 ppm. Belews Creek transfers the 

blowdown from the scrubber to the gypsum dewatering operations. 

The gypsum slurry is pumped to the primary hydrocyclones where the solid gypsum is 

separated from the water by centrifugal force. The solid gypsum is forced outward to the walls of 

the hydrocyclones and falls downward, while the water exits the top of the hydrocyclones. The 

gypsum from the primary hydrocyclones is transferred to the filter feed tank, which is then 

transferred to the vacuum filter belts. The overflow from the primary hydrocyclones is 

transferred to a holding tank and then pumped to the secondary hydrocyclones. The underflow 

from the secondary hydrocyclones is returned to the scrubber or sent to the filter feed tank. The 

overflow from the secondary hydrocyclones is sent to the purge tank and then pumped to the 

FGD wastewater treatment system. 

Belews Creek washes the gypsum sent to the vacuum filter belts with service water, as it 

is poured onto the belts. The vacuum filter belts dry the gypsum to a moisture content of 

approximately 10 percent. Belews Creek transfers the dry gypsum to an uncovered gypsum 

storage area and then trucks the gypsum to a wallboard manufacturer in Mount Holly, North 

Carolina, approximately 105 miles from the plant. Belews Creek generates approximately 

500,000 tons of gypsum per year; however, plant personnel stated that the gypsum production is 

dependent on the coal being burned and sulfur content of the coal. 

2.2 FGD Wastewater Treatment System

The FGD wastewater treatment system is designed to receive intermittent transfers of 

FGD wastewater from the purge tank, which contains secondary hydrocyclone overflow, at a 

flow rate varying from 350 to 600 gallons per minute (gpm) for approximately 18 hours per day, 

with a total daily flow rate of approximately 489,000 gallons per day (gpd). According to Belews 

Creek personnel, the flow rate to the equalization tank varies depending on whether one or both 

of the scrubbers are purging. 
2-3

The plant operates the FGD wastewater treatment system 24 hours per day. Belews Creek 

installed the wastewater treatment system to treat the FGD scrubber purge wastewater to meet its 

permit limits, which include limits for total suspended solids (TSS) and selenium. The Belews 

Creek FGD wastewater treatment system contains the following treatment operations: 

 Physical/Chemical Separation; 

— Equalization, 

— pH adjustment (lime addition), 

— Ferric chloride addition, 

— Polymer addition, 

— Clarification, 

— Filtration; and 

 Biological Reactors; 

— Cooling (heat extraction), 

— Nutrient addition, 

— First-stage biological reaction, 

— Nutrient addition, and 

— Second-stage biological reaction. 

Figures 2-1 and 2-2, located at the end of this section, present process flow diagrams of 

the FGD wastewater treatment system, as well as the sampling locations from EPA’s sampling 

episode. Figure 2-1 is a simplified diagram of the FGD wastewater treatment system, showing 

different portions of the system. Figure 2-2 is a diagram of the chemical precipitation and 

biological reactor portions of the treatment system. 

The secondary hydrocyclone overflow from the scrubbers is transferred to the purge tank 

and then sent to the equalization tank at the start of the wastewater treatment system. During the 

sampling episode, the FGD influent wastewater was found to contain less than 0.5 percent solids, 

had a pH between 6 and 7 S.U., and a temperature between 40 and 50 °C. The equalization tank 

also receives water from the filtrate sump (which includes filter press filtrate), gravity filter 

backwash reject, backflush waste from the biological treatment system, and off-specification 

biological treatment effluent. 

2.2.1 Physical/Chemical Separation 

From the equalization tank, the wastewater enters three reaction tanks in series: reaction 

tank 1, in which lime is added to increase the pH to between 8.5 and 9.2 S.U. (target 8.8 S.U.); 

reaction tank 2, designed for organosulfide addition, but which is only used to provide additional 

mixing; and reaction tank 3, in which ferric chloride is added. From reaction tank 3, the 

wastewater flows to a mix chamber where polymer (Nalco 71307) is added. 

From the mix chamber, the wastewater flow splits and enters two clarifiers in parallel. 

Each of the clarifiers is capable of handling 100 percent of the waste stream capacity. Typically 

both clarifiers are in operation. However, during the scheduled sampling event one clarifier was 

out of service for preventative maintenance. The clarifiers are solids contact clarifiers that 

contain a sludge bed that facilitates removal of the solids in the wastewater. Hydrochloric acid is 

added to the wastewater at a point between the clarifiers and the sand filters to adjust the pH 
2-4

prior to the biological treatment system. The target pH after hydrochloric acid addition is 6.8 

S.U. After the hydrochloric acid addition, the overflow from the two clarifiers is split and sent 

through three sand filters in parallel. Each of the sand filters can handle 75 percent of the waste 

stream capacity. The target maximum TSS level for the sand filter effluent is 50 ppm; however, 

the plant tries to achieve an effluent TSS concentration below 20 ppm. The sand filters are 

continuous backwash gravity filters. The filter backwash is sent to a sump, and then transferred 

to the equalization tank. 

The sludge from the clarifiers is transferred to a sludge storage tank. A portion of the 

clarifier sludge is recycled from the sludge storage tank to reaction tank 1, while the majority is 

pumped to a filter press for dewatering. Belews Creek achieves a solids concentration of 15 

percent in the sludge tank. The filter press cake is transferred to the fly ash landfill and the 

filtrate is sent to the filtrate sump. Each filter press operation produces an average of 28,000 lbs 

of filter cake. Belews Creek performs approximately 10 filter press operations per week. 

2.2.2 Biological Reactors 

In the bioreactor portion of the treatment system, Belews Creek treats the wastewater in 

two stages. Each stage contains eight bioreactor cells, which are operated in parallel. Each cell 

contains an activated carbon bed. Within the activated carbon bed, specialized microbes fill the 

voided areas and reduce the nitrogen and metals, specifically selenium, in the wastewater. The 

microbes selected for the bioreactor system have the ability to reduce selenium to its elemental 

form, while other metals are precipitated as sulfide complexes. The wastewater from the sand 

filters is transferred to a holding tank prior to entering a heat exchanger to reduce the temperature 

from approximately 110o

F to 95oF. As the wastewater flows from the heat exchanger to the first 

stage of bioreactor cells, Belews Creek adds nutrients (molasses-based), which provide a source 

of carbon to feed the bacteria. The wastewater is divided evenly among the eight first-stage cells. 

The flow to each cell is sent to 16 distribution pipes to create an even distribution of flow into 

the top of the cell. The water level in the cells is approximately three feet above the activated 

carbon bed. 

Belews Creek ideally operates the bioreactors to achieve a negative oxidation reduction 

potential (ORP) within the system, which provides the optimum environment to reduce selenium 

to its elemental form. This ORP is controlled by the amount of nutrient that is fed to the system. 

The plant also controls the pH in the bioreactor cells to between 6.0 and 9.0 S.U. because 

extreme high or low pH levels could affect the performance of the microbes and potentially 

allow for nondesirable microbes to propagate. 

The effluent from all eight of the first-stage bioreactor cells is combined in the first-stage 

effluent storage area. The wastewater is then transferred to the second-stage bioreactor cells, 

which are operated in parallel. Nutrients are added to the wastewater as feed for the microbes as 

the wastewater is transferred. As in the first stage, the wastewater is divided evenly among the 

eight second-stage cells and each cell has 16 distributor pipes to evenly distribute the flow into 

the cell. 

Occasionally the bioreactor cells need to be backflushed to remove accumulated solids. 

The plant pumps the effluent from the first-stage bioreactor cells backwards through each cell 
2-5

and it overflows into a spillover chamber. The plant then returns the backwash overflow to the 

equalization tank at the start of the FGD wastewater treatment system. 

Because the first-stage bioreactor cells denitrify the waste stream, they produce nitrogen 

and carbon dioxide gas. To remove the gas from the cells, the plant occasionally performs a 

degassing operation where water is sent backwards through the cells, like a backflush, but the 

flush is only long enough for the gas to “burp” out of the system. The second-stage bioreactor 

cells are primarily anoxic and do not produce as much gas as the first-stage cells, requiring less 

frequent degassing than the first-stage cells. 

From the second stage of the biological treatment system, wastewater is transferred to 

two wetland supply tanks, which is then transferred directly to the ash basin. According to plant 

personnel, the treated FGD wastewater, excluding cooling water, represents approximately seven 

percent of the total flow discharge from the ash basin to the Dan River, via NPDES Outfall 003. 

2.2.3 Sampling Points 

Figure 2-2 shows the sampling points for the Belews Creek sampling episode; they are 

summarized below: 

 A sample of the purge stream entering the FGD wastewater treatment system 

downstream of the purge tank and upstream of the equalization tank (i.e., the 

sample was collected prior to any chemical addition or mixing with recycle 

streams); 

 An in-process sample of the influent to the bioreactor system, downstream of the 

sand filters and the holding tank and upstream of the heat exchanger; and 

 A sample of the effluent from the bioreactor downstream of the second-stage 

effluent storage area and upstream of where the FGD wastewater treatment 

effluent is commingled with the heat exchanger cooling water. 
2-6 

Figure 2-1. Simplified Diagram of the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews Cre
2-7 

FGD Scrubber Purge 

(from Purge Tank)

Lime

Polymer

Equalization 

Tank Reaction Tank 1 Reaction 

Tank 2

Reaction 

Tank 3

SP-1

SP-2

Indicates a Sampling Point

Ferric 

Chloride

Filter

2

Holding 

Tank

Clarifier 1

Sludge 

Storage 

Tank

Filter Press

Sump

Filter 

Backwash

Filter

1

Solids to Fly 

Wastewater Flow Ash Landfill

Sludge Flow

Intermittent Wastewater Flow

Clarifier 

Sludge

Mix 

Chamber

Clarifier 2

Filter

3

Cooling Water

Nutrient

First-Stage 

Bioreactors 

(8)

First-Stage 

Effluent 

Storage

Second-Stage 

Bioreactors 

(8)

Second-Stage 

Effluent 

Storage

To Ash Basin

Bio Reactor Backflush

Hydrochloric 

Acid

SP-3

Figure 2-2. Physical/Chemical Separation and Biological Reactor Portion of FGD Wastewater Treatme

Creek 
2-8 

[QUESTION FOR BELEWS CREEK: Please confirm that the sampling points and the flow path for the heat excare depicted accurately on the process flow diagram.] Yes. The sampling points and the flow path for the heat exwater are depicted accurately on the process flow diagram. 
3-1

3. SAMPLE COLLECTION

During the Belews Creek sampling episode, the sampling team followed the collection 

protocols specified in the Sampling Plan. Section 3.1 describes the sampling points, sample 

collection methods, and field measurements. Section 3.2 describes the list of analytes and the 

sample preservation procedures. Section 3.3 discusses the plant operational data collected during 

the sampling episode. Finally, Section 3.4 discusses any deviations from the planned sampling 

activities. 

3.1 Sampling Points, Sample Collection Methods, and Field Measurements

This section describes the sampling points, sample collection methods, and field 

measurements. Additional details are available in Section 3 of the Sampling Plan. Figures 2-1 

and 2-2 of this report present flow diagrams of the plant’s wastewater treatment system, 

including sampling point locations. 

Table 3-1 lists the sampling points, sampling point descriptions, type of sample 

collection, and sample collection dates and times. Table 3-2 lists the sampling point numbers and 

descriptions, the number of samples collected, and the pollutant parameters for which the 

samples were analyzed. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data collected from each 

sampling point. Table 3-4 presents a crosswalk between the sample numbers used for laboratory 

sample identification and the sample points for each day. 

The sampling points for this episode were: 

 SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System; 

 SP-2 Influent to Bioreactor System; 

 SP-3 Effluent from Bioreactor System; 

 SP-4 Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System (SP-2); 

 SP-5 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System (SP-3); 

 SP-6 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System (SP-1) Field Blank; 

 SP-7 Influent to Bioreactor System (SP-2) Field Blank; and 

 SP-8 Effluent from Bioreactor System (SP-3) Field Blank. 

For all the sampling points, EPA collected split samples with Belews Creek’s 

representative by inserting a “Y” splitter into the sample tubing configuration at each sampling 

point to allow for split sample collection. EPA collected all samples (other than mercury and 

cyanide) at all sampling points as “true” splits (i.e., samples for the same analyte were collected 

simultaneously). The mercury and cyanide samples were collected directly from a sample tap; 

therefore, for these samples, EPA and Belews Creek’s representative collected duplicate 

samples, with one filling the bottle immediately after the other. 

At each of the sampling points, EPA collected metals sample fractions following EPA 

Method 1669 collection protocols. To collect these samples, EPA samplers donned Tyvek® 

coveralls and dust masks (dust masks were worn until all mercury samples had been collected). 

In addition, EPA set up a “cleanbox,” which consists of a portable plastic rectangular box with a 

shallow lip and a flip-top lid that secures itself open with clips. The “cleanbox” is double-bagged 
3-2

with a clear inner bag, enclosed in a translucent outer bag. The “cleanbox” is handled using 

“clean hands / dirty hands” techniques, whereby the inner bag is handled only by the “clean 

hands” sampler. When the “cleanbox” is opened, the sampler is able to position his/her hands in 

the box and pull the bag over the opening of the box, but is still able to see the sample bottles and 

tubing. The “cleanbox” minimizes potential atmospheric contamination during sample 

collection. Figure C-1, in Appendix C, is a picture of a sampler working inside a “cleanbox.” 

The metals sample bottles were also double-bagged. To collect the metals samples, EPA 

placed the sample bottles (while still in its sealed inner bag) into the “cleanbox” following the 

protocols specified in Method 1669, also referred to as “clean hands / dirty hands” protocols. 

Sampling staff filled the sample container, then closed the sample bottle lid and sealed the inner 

bag as quickly as possible within the “cleanbox.” The bagged sample bottles were then removed 

from the “cleanbox” and placed into the outer bag following the “clean hands / dirty hands” 

protocols. 

3.1.1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System 

The influent to FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1) was collected from a sample tap 

located on the wastewater piping downstream of the purge tank and upstream of the equalization 

tank. Figure 2-2 identifies the sampling location for SP-1. This sample was collected as a grab 

sample because, according to plant representatives, the wastewater characteristics of the purge to 

the wastewater treatment system are fairly consistent during the purge. In addition, due to the 

relatively high concentration of suspended solids, the FGD purge was not amenable to collecting 

representative split samples using composite sampling techniques. 

The sampling point was located outside, near the equalization tank. There was no rain 

during the sample collection. 

On Day 1 only, prior to collecting the samples at the influent to the FGD wastewater 

treatment system (SP-1), the sampling team collected field blanks (SP-6) for total mercury, total 

and dissolved metals, and dissolved hexavalent chromium. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of 

the field blank sample collection procedures at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment 

system. 

To collect the wastewater samples at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment 

system, the samplers attached a 10-foot length of silicone tubing to the sample tap on the 

wastewater piping. The end of the silicone tubing was fitted with a “Y” splitter, with two 

additional lengths of silicone tubing attached to the “Y” splitter. Figure C-2, in Appendix C, is a 

picture of the tubing attached to the sample tap at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment 

system. The samplers attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, and 

allowed sample to flow through the tubing for two minutes before beginning to fill sample 

containers. The samplers did not close the valve until all samples were collected (except the 

dissolved metals samples). 

The samplers collected the following samples using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 

3.1: 

 Total and dissolved mercury; 
3-3

 Total metals by 200.8; and 

 Total metals by 200.7. 

Samplers then filled a 10-liter container with sample to be pumped off later for collection 

of dissolved metals sample fractions. After all samples were collected at the sampling point for 

the day, the filled 10-liter container was transported to the staging area, put on ice, and then left 

untouched to allow the solids in the wastewater to settle. 

The sampling team collected an aliquot of sample for field testing. Sample pH and 

temperature were measured immediately at the sampling point using four-color pH paper and a 

thermometer. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the influent to the FGD 

wastewater treatment system. 

The samplers then filled containers for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), Group I, 

Group II, and total cyanide samples directly from the tubing without using a “cleanbox.” See 

Table 3-6 for a list of Group I and Group II analytes. BOD5, Group I, Group II, and total cyanide 

samples were immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 

The total cyanide sample was immediately preserved. Lead acetate test strips and 

potassium-iodide starch test strips were used to measure for sulfides and oxidants, respectively. 

No sulfides or oxidants were detected during the sampling episode. The samplers then preserved 

the total cyanide sample with sodium hydroxide to a pH >10 S.U. and placed it on ice. 

Samples for the dissolved metals analyses were pumped from the previously filled 10-

liter container. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® tubing attached to a length 

of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic pump. The sampling team 

attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short distance downstream of the 

pump. They then attached another short length of silicone tubing to the capsule filter effluent, 

which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone tubing. This set-up allowed EPA 

to collect “true” split samples with Belews Creek’s representatives. Figure C-3, in Appendix C, 

is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

The sampling team placed the end of the Teflon® tubing into the 10-liter container filled 

with wastewater from the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system. By this time, the 

solids in the wastewater had been settling for approximately 70 minutes. Approximately 0.5 - 2 

liters1

 of sample were pumped through the tubing/filter to purge the line before collecting 

samples. 

Samplers collected the following dissolved samples using a “cleanbox,” as described in 

Section 3.1: 

 

1 During day 1, the capsule filter become clogged, so after the field blank was collected, the tubing/filter was purged 

with only 0.5 liters. After the collection of the first sample (dissolved metals 200.8), the filter was changed. The 

tubing/filter was purged for another 0.5 liters and the remaining two samples were collected. On day 2, the 

tubing/filter was purged for 1 litter. After the collection of the first sample (dissolved metals by 200.8) the filter was 

replaced. The tubing/filter was purged briefly and the remaining two samples were collected. On day 3 and 4, the 

filter/tubing was purged for 1.5 and 2.0 litters respectively and there was no need to change the filter. 
3-4

 Dissolved metals by 200.8; 

 Dissolved metals by 200.7; and 

 Dissolved hexavalent chromium. 

Hexavalent chromium samples were immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 

3.1.2 Influent to Bioreactor System 

The influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) was collected downstream of the sand filters 

after the wastewater from the three filters is commingled. This sample tap is located downstream 

of the holding tank and upstream of the heat exchanger. Belews Creek installed a three-way 

splitter on the sample tap, which had three separate taps to collect samples from the sampling 

point. The sample tap was located inside the FGD wastewater treatment building (see Figure 2-2 

for the sampling location for SP-2). At the time that sampling occurred, one of the clarifiers was 

out of service. This did not affect normal plant operations because Belews Creek has never 

operated more than one clarifier at a time. Because the sampling point was located inside, there 

were no wind or rain concerns during the sample collection. 

ERG collected the influent from the bioreactor system composite samples using two 

automatic compositors which were programmed to collect individual sample volumes into two 

20-liter containers. The compositors were programmed to collect 830 mL every hour during the 

24-hour composite period. Following the composite period, ERG pumped off the specific sample 

volumes into the individual sample containers. 

ERG used one automatic compositor to collect sample volume for the metals analyses 

(excluding mercury) and another automatic compositor to collect sample volume for all classical 

analytes (i.e., BOD5, Group I, and Group II, excluding cyanide). In addition to collecting 

automatic composite samples for the analytes listed above, ERG collected total and dissolved 

mercury grab samples every six hours during each compositing period. ERG also collected one 

grab sample for cyanide during each compositing period. 

On day 1 only, ERG collected field blank samples (SP-7) for hexavalent chromium, total 

and dissolved metals by 200.7, and total and dissolved metals by 200.8. See Section 5.2.3 for a 

description of the field blank sample collection procedures at the influent to the bioreactor 

system. 

Samplers set up the compositors by attaching two T-splitter tubing sets to two of the taps 

on the three-way splitter. The T-splitter tubing set consisted of three silicone tubes attached to a 

T-splitter. The tubing configuration was set up such that one end was connected to the sample 

tap, one end was threaded through the automatic compositor and connected to the large 

composite container, and one end was placed next to a sump/drain near the sampling point. The 

samplers attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, and allowed sample to 

flow through both sets of tubing before calibrating either of the automatic compositors. This 

ensured that the flow through the tubing during calibration would be the expected flow through 

the tubing during sample collection. The automatic compositors were calibrated such that they 

collected 830 mL every hour, so that the projected complete volume would be 20 liters. After 

calibration, the tubing was attached to a vented cap on a 20-liter composite container. The 
3-5

sample tap was left open during the entire sample collection time period and flowed directly to 

the sump/drain. The automatic compositor pulled sample from the flowing stream as dictated by 

the sampling program and was capable of purging the line back to the flowing stream between 

each individual sample aliquot. 

Both 20-liter composite containers were placed into plastic trash cans, and maintained on 

ice for the entire 24-hour compositing period. A plastic bag was placed on top of the trash cans 

to minimize contamination. Figure C-4, in Appendix C, is a picture of the composite sampling 

set-up at the influent to the bioreactor system. 

Immediately after setting up the compositors, ERG collected the first set of the total and 

dissolved mercury grab samples. At the first grab sample every day, ERG collected field blanks 

for total mercury samples. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the field blank sample collection 

procedures at the influent to the bioreactor system. 

For mercury collection, samplers shrouded one of the three taps on the three-way splitter 

(the other two taps were being used by the two compositors) with a clean plastic bag by 

puncturing a hole in the bottom of the bag with the end of the tap and then securing it to the tap 

with a ziptie. After purging the tap for two minutes, the samples were collected directly from the 

tap into the sample bottles. Because total mercury and dissolved mercury samples were collected 

directly from the tap, ERG was not able to collect split samples with Belews Creek’s 

representatives; therefore, duplicate samples were collected. ERG collected another set of total 

and dissolved mercury samples every six hours thereafter over the 24-hour period. The plastic 

shroud was replaced for each set of mercury grab samples. After collecting each set of mercury 

grabs, ERG filled a field test bottle and tested for pH and temperature using four-colored pH 

paper and a thermometer. ERG had planned on using a pH meter to test the pH; however, the 

sampling team could not get the pH meter to calibrate properly. Table 3-3 presents the field 

measurement data for the influent to the bioreactor system. 

After the collection of the third set of mercury grabs, ERG collected a total cyanide grab 

sample from the same tap on the three-way splitter that was used for mercury sample collection. 

Because total cyanide samples were collected directly from the tap, ERG was not able to collect 

split samples with Belews Creek’s representatives; therefore, duplicate samples were collected. 

The total cyanide sample was immediately preserved. Lead acetate test strips and potassiumiodide starch test strips were used to measure for sulfides and oxidants, respectively. No sulfides 

or oxidants were detected during the sampling episode at the influent to the bioreactor system. 

ERG samplers then preserved the total cyanide samples with sodium hydroxide to a pH >10 S.U. 

and placed the samples on ice. 

After the twenty-fourth aliquots were collected in the two composite containers, ERG 

followed “clean hands / dirty hands” sampling techniques to disassemble the compositors from 

the sampling set up. Closed caps were placed on the two composite containers and the 

composite containers were moved to the pump-off area where they remained on ice until 

individual sample bottles were filled. The samplers then began setting up the compositors for the 

next day of samples using new tubing sets and composite containers. The automatic compositor 

was programmed to collect the same volume on each day of sample collection. 
3-6

After completing the set up for the next day of composite samples, the sampling team 

transferred the wastewater collected in the 20-liter containers into the individual sample 

containers at the pump-off area. For this sampling point, ERG used a sample pump-off approach 

to transfer the composite samples to the individual sample bottles. For this sample pump-off 

procedure, the dissolved metals samples were collected before the total metals and classical 

samples to prevent cross-contamination within the tubing, which could lead to greater 

concentrations in the dissolved metals fractions. 

Samples for the dissolved and total metals analyses were pumped from one of the 

previously filled 20-liter containers. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® 

tubing attached to a length of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic 

pump. The sampling team attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short 

distance downstream of the pump. They then attached another short length of silicone tubing to 

the capsule filter effluent, which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone 

tubing. This set-up allowed EPA to collect “true” split samples with Belews Creek’s 

representative. Figure C-3, in Appendix C, is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

On Day 1 only, prior to collecting any samples of the influent to the bioreactor system, 

the samplers collected a field blank sample (SP-7) for dissolved and total metals. See Section 

5.2.3 for a description of the dissolved and total metals field blank sample collection at the 

influent to the bioreactor system. 

After collecting the field blank samples, the sampling team placed the end of the Teflon® 

tubing into one of the 20-liter composite containers filled with wastewater from the influent to 

the bioreactor system. After the tubing and filter were purged with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers 

collected the following samples using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1: 

 Dissolved metals by 200.8; 

 Dissolved metals by 200.7; and 

 Dissolved hexavalent chromium. 

Hexavalent chromium samples were immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 

After the dissolved metals had been collected, the filter was removed. Once the tubing was 

purged with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers collected the following samples using a “cleanbox,” as 

described in Section 3.1: 

 Total metals by 200.8; and 

 Total metals by 200.7. 

After the metal samples had been collected, the sampling team placed the end of the 

Teflon® tubing into the other previously filled 20-liter container. Once the tubing was purged 

with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers filled containers for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 

Group I, and Group II samples directly from the tubing without using a “cleanbox.” See Table 3-

6 for a list of Group I and Group II analytes. BOD5, Group I, and Group II samples were 

immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 
3-7

For all analytes, ERG collected QC samples at the influent to the bioreactor system (SP2) on Day 4 of the sampling episode. In addition, for all analytes, ERG collected a duplicate 

sample of the influent from bioreactor system (SP-4) on Day 3 of the sampling episode. 

3.1.3 Effluent from Bioreactor System 

The effluent from bioreactor system (SP-3) was collected downstream of the secondstage effluent storage tank from the second-stage bioreactor cells. Belews Creek installed a threeway splitter on the sample tap that had three separate taps to collect samples from the sampling 

point. The sample tap was located inside the FGD wastewater treatment building (see Figure 2-2 

for the sampling location for SP-3). Because the sampling point was located inside, there were 

no wind or rain concerns during the sample collection. 

ERG collected the effluent from the bioreactor system composite samples using two 

automatic compositors which were programmed to collect individual sample volumes into two 

20-liter containers. The compositors were programmed to collect 830 mL every hour during the 

24-hour composite period. Following the composite period, ERG pumped off the specific sample 

volumes into the individual sample containers. 

ERG used one automatic compositor to collect sample volume for the metals analyses 

(excluding mercury) and another automatic compositor to collect sample volume for all classical 

analytes (i.e., BOD5, Group I, and Group II, excluding cyanide). In addition to collecting 

automatic composite samples for the analytes listed above, ERG collected total and dissolved 

mercury grab samples every six hours during each compositing period. ERG also collected one 

grab sample for cyanide during each compositing period. 

On day 1 only, ERG collected field blank samples (SP-8) for hexavalent chromium, total 

and dissolved metals by 200.7, and total and dissolved metals by 200.8. See Section 5.2.3 for a 

description of the field blank sample collection procedures at the effluent from the bioreactor 

system. 

Samplers set up the compositors by attaching two T-splitter tubing sets to two of the taps 

on the three-way splitter. The T-splitter tubing set consisted of three silicone tubes attached to a 

T-splitter. The tubing configuration was set up such that one end was connected to the sample 

tap, one end was threaded through the automatic compositor, and connected to the large 

composite container, and one end was placed next to a sump/drain near the sampling point. The 

samplers attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, and allowed sample to 

flow through both sets of tubing before calibrating either of the automatic compositors. This 

ensured that the flow through the tubing during calibration would be the expected flow through 

the tubing during sample collection. The automatic compositors were calibrated such that they 

collected 830 mL every hour, so that the projected complete volume would be 20 liters. After 

calibration, the tubing was attached to a vented cap on a 20-liter composite container. The 

sample tap was left open during the entire sample collection time period and flowed directly to 

the sump/drain. The automatic compositor pulled sample from the flowing stream as dictated by 

the sampling program and was capable of purging the line back to the flowing stream between 

each individual sample aliquot. 
3-8

Both 20-liter composite containers were placed into plastic trash cans, and maintained on 

ice for the entire 24-hour compositing period. A plastic bag was placed on top of the trash cans 

to minimize contamination. Figure C-5, in Appendix C, is a picture of the composite sampling 

set-up at the effluent from the bioreactor system. 

Immediately after setting up the compositors, ERG collected the first set of the total and 

dissolved mercury grab samples. At the first grab sample every day, ERG collected field blanks 

for total mercury samples. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the field blank sample collection 

procedures at the effluent from the bioreactor system. 

For mercury collection, samplers shrouded one of the three taps on the three-way splitter 

(the other two taps were being used by the two compositors) with a clean plastic bag by 

puncturing a hole in the bottom of the bag with the end of the tap and then securing it to the tap 

with a ziptie. After purging the tap for two minutes, the samples were collected directly from the 

tap into the sample bottles. Because total mercury and dissolved mercury samples were collected 

directly from the tap, ERG was not able to collect split samples with Belews Creek’s 

representatives; therefore, duplicate samples were collected. ERG collected another set of total 

and dissolved mercury samples every six hours thereafter over the 24-hour period. The plastic 

shroud was replaced for each set of mercury grab samples. After collecting each set of mercury 

grabs, ERG filled a field test bottle and tested for pH and temperature using four-colored pH 

paper and a thermometer. ERG had planned on using a pH meter to test the pH; however, the 

sampling team could not get the pH meter to calibrate properly. Table 3-3 presents the field 

measurement data for the effluent from the bioreactor system. 

After the collection of the third set of mercury grabs, ERG collected a total cyanide grab 

sample from the same tap on the three-way splitter that was used for mercury sample collection. 

Because total cyanide samples were collected directly from the tap, ERG was not able to collect 

split samples with Belews Creek’s representatives; therefore, duplicate samples were collected. 

The total cyanide sample was immediately preserved. Lead acetate test strips and potassiumiodide starch test strips were used to measure for sulfides and oxidants, respectively. No sulfides 

or oxidants were detected during this sampling episode at the effluent from the bioreactor 

system. ERG samplers then preserved the total cyanide samples with sodium hydroxide to a pH 

>10 S.U. and placed the samples on ice. 

After the twenty-fourth aliquots were collected in the two composite containers, ERG 

followed “clean hands / dirty hands” sampling techniques to disassemble the compositors from 

the sampling set up. Closed caps were placed on the two composite containers and the 

composite containers were moved to the pump-off area where they remained on ice until 

individual sample bottles were filled. The samplers then began setting up the compositors for the 

next day of samples using new tubing sets and composite containers. The automatic compositor 

was programmed to collect the same volume on each day of sample collection. 

After completing the set up for the next day of composite samples, the sampling team 

transferred the wastewater collected in the 20-liter containers into the individual sample 

containers at the pump-off area. For this sampling point, ERG used a sample pump-off approach 

to transfer the composite samples to the individual sample bottles. For this sample pump-off 

procedure, the dissolved metals samples were collected before the total metals and classical 
3-9

samples to prevent cross-contamination within the tubing, which could lead to greater 

concentrations in the dissolved metals fractions. 

Samples for the dissolved and total metals analyses were pumped from one of the 

previously filled 20-liter containers. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® 

tubing attached to a length of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic 

pump. The sampling team attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short 

distance downstream of the pump. They then attached another short length of silicone tubing to 

the capsule filter effluent, which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone 

tubing. This set-up allowed EPA to collect “true” split samples with Belews Creek’s 

representatives. Figure C-3, in Appendix C, is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

On Day 1 only, prior to collecting any samples of the effluent from the bioreactor system, 

the samplers collected a field blank sample (SP-8) for dissolved and total metals. See Section 

5.2.3 for a description of the dissolved metals field blank sample collection at the effluent from 

the bioreactor system. 

After collecting the field blank samples, the sampling team placed the end of the Teflon® 

tubing into one of the 20-liter composite containers filled with wastewater from the effluent from 

the bioreactor system. After the tubing and filter were purged with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers 

collected the following samples using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1: 

 Dissolved metals by 200.8; 

 Dissolved metals by 200.7; and 

 Dissolved hexavalent chromium. 

Hexavalent chromium samples were immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 

After the dissolved metals had been collected, the filter was removed. Once the tubing was 

purged with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers collected the following samples using a “cleanbox,” as 

described in Section 3.1: 

 Total metals by 200.8; and 

 Total metals by 200.7. 

After the metal samples had been collected, the sampling team placed the end of the 

Teflon® tubing into the other previously filled 20-liter container. After the tubing was purged 

with 1-2 liters of sample, samplers filled containers for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 

Group I, and Group II samples directly from the tubing without using a “cleanbox.” See Table 3-

6 for a list of Group I and Group II analytes. BOD5, Group I, and Group II samples were 

immediately placed on ice after sample collection. 

For all analytes, ERG collected QC samples at the effluent from the bioreactor system 

(SP-3) on Day 3 of the sampling episode. In addition, for all analytes, ERG collected a duplicate 

sample of the effluent from bioreactor system (SP-5) on Day 2 of the sampling episode. 

3.2 List of Analytes and Sample Preservation

Samples collected at Belews Creek were analyzed for the following pollutants: 
3-10

 Classicals: 

— Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day (BOD5), 

— Chemical oxygen demand (COD), 

— Total suspended solids (TSS), 

— Total dissolved solids (TDS), 

— Sulfate, 

— Chloride, 

— Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), 

— Ammonia as nitrogen, 

— Nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, 

— Total phosphorus, 

— Total cyanide; 

 Total Metals: 

— Aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, 

calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, 

mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, sodium, thallium, tin, 

titanium, vanadium, and zinc. 

 Dissolved Metals: 

— Same parameters as listed for total metals, plus hexavalent chromium. 

The analytes selected reflect the current understanding of coal-fired power plant air 

pollution control wastewaters, including contributions from coal, scrubber sorbents, treatment 

chemicals, and other sources. Table 3-5 lists the analytical methods used to determine pollutant 

concentrations. 

Table 3-6 lists the containers used for sample collection as well as the preservation 

requirements for each sample. Table 3-7 summarizes the chemical preservation for each of the 

samples that were preserved on site. The sampling team preserved samples in accordance with 

procedures described in Section 3.4 of the Sampling Plan. Immediately following sample 

collection, the samplers placed the BOD5, Group I, Group II, dissolved hexavalent chromium, 

and total cyanide samples on ice to cool the samples to <6°C. The sampling team did not place 

the total and dissolved metals or the total and dissolved mercury samples on ice, which comports 

with the requirements of Methods 200.7, 200.8, and 1631E. All dissolved metals samples, except 

for mercury, were filtered in the field. The hexavalent chromium samples were preserved in the 

field, but all other metals samples were acid-preserved prior to extraction at the laboratory. The 

hexavalent chromium samples were preserved with ammonium sulfate buffer solution to a pH 

between 9.3 and 9.5 S.U., although for several of the samples preservation was discontinued 

before this target pH was reached because the sample bottle became too full and additional 

preservative could not be added. See Section 3.4 for more details. The Group II samples were 

preserved with sulfuric acid to a pH of <2 S.U. in the staging area, and the pH was confirmed 

with four-color pH strips. Each total cyanide sample was tested for sulfides and oxidants 

immediately after sample collection. Because sulfides and oxidants were not detected at any of 

the sampling points during the sampling episode, the samplers did not need to dilute the samples 

or add sodium arsenite to the samples. After testing for sulfides and oxidants, the total cyanide 

samples were preserved with sodium hydroxide to a pH >10 S.U. and placed on ice. 
3-11

3.3 Plant Operational Data

During the EPA sampling episode, Belews Creek plant personnel provided the sampling 

team with operational data for each of the generating units and the FGD scrubber system, as well 

as operational and flow data for the FGD wastewater treatment system. Table 3-8 presents the 

unit operating characteristics, Table 3-9 presents the FGD scrubber system operating 

characteristics, Table 3-10 presents information on the coal burned during the sampling episode, 

Table 3-11 presents information on the FGD scrubber slurry generation during the sampling 

episode, and Table 3-12 presents the FGD wastewater treatment system operating characteristics. 

3.4 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan

The sampling episode proceeded as specified in the Sampling Plan with the exceptions 

described below: 

 Preservation of Routine Hexavalent Chromium. ERG planned to preserve the 

routine hexavalent chromium samples to a pH between 9.3 and 9.7 S.U. using an 

ammonium sulfate buffer solution; however, for several of the samples, 

preservation was discontinued because the sample bottle became too full and 

additional preservative could not be added to the sample bottle. All samples at 

least reached a pH of 8.5 S.U. See Table 3-7 for a list of affected samples. 

 pH field test measurements: The sampling team was unable to calibrate the pH 

meter properly; therefore, only four-color pH strips were used to measure the pH 

of the samples during the field tests. 

 Field blank hexavalent chromium sample at SP-1: Because Belews Creek’s 

representative collected fewer field blank sample volume at SP-1, they collected 

EPA’s hexavalent chromium field blank sample in their clean box while ERG was 

collecting the dissolved metals by 200.7 field blank sample volume. 

 Total mercury grab sample at SP-3 (Day 1): On day 1 of sample collection at 

the effluent from the bioreactor (SP-3), grab one of the four total mercury grab 

sample bottles was filled only three-quarters of the way full. The samplers noted 

this in the traffic report that was sent with the samples to the laboratory. 

 Collection of total metals samples at SP-2 (Day 2): On day 2 of sample 

collection at the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), the sampling team 

dropped the end of the tubing set used to fill the sample bottles at the pump-off 

area after the collection of the dissolved hexavalent chromium and before the 

collection of total metals samples. The end of the tubing touched the ground, 

therefore, the samplers purged the tubing with 1 liter of sample while Belews 

Creek’s representatives used their end of the pump-off tubing to rinse the outside 

of ERG’s tubing. 

 Collection of dissolved mercury samples at SP-2 (Day 3): On day 3 of sample 

collection at the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), the sampling team 
3-12

dropped the outer bag on the floor and immediately picked it up. The contents of 

the sample and the inner bag were not affected. The outer bag was still used to 

contain the inner bag and bottle after sample collection. 

 Classicals compositor set up at SP-2 (Day 4): On day 4 of sample collection at 

the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), the plastic bag covering one of the 

ends of the T-splitter tubing set was dropped on the ground. The sampling team 

used a new plastic bag to re-cover the end of the tubing before proceeding with 

the sample set up. 
3-13

Table 3-1. Sample Collection Information, Belews Creek

Sampling 

Point 

Number Sampling Point Description 

Type of 

Sample 

Sample Collection 

Date 

Sample Collection 

Time 

SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System – Day 1 

Grab 6/7/10 1109a and 1227b

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System – Day 2 

Grab 6/8/10 1246a and 1419 b

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System – Day 3 

Grab 6/9/10 0957a and 1224b

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System – Day 4 

Grab 6/10/10 1128a and 1300b

SP-2 Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 1 Composite 6/7/10 

 6/8/10

0729c

0945d

Grab 6/7/10 

 6/8/10 

0751e, 1355f , and 2002 g

0147 h 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 2 Composite 6/8/10 

 6/9/10 

0729c

1049d 

Grab 6/8/10 

 6/9/10 

0744e, 1342f , and 1941 g

0141 h 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 3 Composite 6/9/10 

 6/10/10 

0731c

0953d 

Grab 6/9/10 

 6/10/10 

0743e, 1346f , and 1945 g

0145 h 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 4 Composite 6/10/10 

 6/11/10 

0728c

0657d 

Grab 6/10/10 

 6/11/10 

0738e, 1339f , and 1939 g

0137 h 

SP-3 Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 1 Composite 6/7/10 

 6/8/10 

0928c

1119d 

Grab 6/7/10 

 6/8/10 

0944e, 1537f , and 2145 g

0344 h 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 2 Composite 6/8/10 

 6/9/10 

0912c

1136d 

Grab 6/8/10 

 6/9/10 

0926e, 1526f , and 2126 g

0328h 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 3 Composite 6/9/10 

 6/10/10 

0915c

1039d 

Grab 6/9/10 

 6/10/10 

0927e, 1525f , and 2124 g

0325h 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 4 Composite 6/10/10 

 6/11/10 

0905c

0835d 

Grab 6/10/10 

 6/11/10 

0915e, 1518f , and 2113 g

0313h 
3-14

Table 3-1. Sample Collection Information, Belews Creek

Sampling 

Point 

Number Sampling Point Description 

Type of 

Sample 

Sample Collection 

Date 

Sample Collection 

Time 

SP-4 Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor 

System – Day 3 

Composite 6/9/10 

 6/10/10 

0731c

0954d 

Grab 6/9/10 

 6/10/10 

0744e, 1347f , and 1947 g

0147 h 

SP-5 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor 

System – Day 2 

Composite 6/8/10 

 6/9/10 

0912c

1137d 

Grab 6/8/10 

 6/9/10 

0928e, 1528f , and 2128 g

0330 h 

SP-6 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System Field Blank 

Grab 6/7/10 1049 i and 1219j

SP-7 Influent to Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 1 

Composite 6/7/10 

6/8/10

0638k

1008l

Grab 6/7/10 0746m

Influent to Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 2 

Grab 6/8/10 0739m

Influent to Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 3 

Grab 6/9/10 0737m

Influent to Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 4 

Grab 6/10/10 0733m

SP-8 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 1 

Composite 6/7/10 

6/8/10 

0828k

1107l

Grab 6/7/10 0939m

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 2 

Grab 6/8/10 0922m

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 3 

Grab 6/9/10 0922m

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 4 

Grab 6/10/10 0910m

a

 Start time for the collection of the total metals samples (total metals by 200.7 and total metals by 200.8) total and 

dissolved mercury, and classicals (BOD5, Group I, Group II, and total cyanide). 

b

 Start time for the collection of the dissolved metals samples (dissolved metals by 200.7, dissolved metals by 200.8, 

and dissolved hexavalent chromium). Does not include dissolved mercury. 

c Started metals compositor. The classical compositor was started two minutes after the metals compositor. 

d

 Start time for the collection of dissolved metals samples (dissolved metals by 200.7, dissolved metals by 200.8, 

and dissolved hexavalent chromium), total metals samples (total metals by 200.7 and total metals by 200.8), and 

classicals (BOD5, Group I, and Group II). e Start time for the collection of the total and dissolved mercury Grab 1 samples. 

f

 Start time for the collection of the total and dissolved mercury Grab 2 samples. 

g

 Start time for the collection of the total and dissolved mercury Grab 3 and total cyanide samples. 

h

 Start time for the collection of the total and dissolved mercury Grab 4 samples. 

i

 Start time for the collection of total mercury, total metals by 200.7, and total metals by 200.8 field blank samples. 

j

 Start time for the collection of dissolved metals by 200.7, dissolved metals by 200.8, and hexavalent chromium 

field blank samples. 

k

 Filled 20-liter field blank composite container with blank water. 
3-15

l Start time for the collection of total metals (total metals by 200.7 and total metals by 200.8) and dissolved metals 

(dissolved metals by 200.7, dissolved metals by 200.8, and hexavalent chromium) field blank samples. 

m Start time for the collection of total mercury field blank samples.
3-16 

Table 3-2. Sample Collection at Belews Creek Steam Station

Sampling 

Point Number Sampling Point Name 

Total Metals 

(EPA Method 200.8 with 

collision cell)

Total Metals 

(EPA Method 200.7) 

Dissolved Metals 

(EPA Method 200.8 with 

collision cell) 

Dissolved Metals 

(EPA Method 200.7) 

Total Mercury 

Dissolved Mercury 

Hexavalent Chromium 

BOD

5

SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System 

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 

SP-2 Influent to Bioreactor System 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+SP-3 Effluent from Bioreactor System 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+1QC 4+SP-4 Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SP-5 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor 

System 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

SP-6 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System Field Blank 

1 1 1 1 1 1 

SP-7 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank 1 1 1 1 4 1 SP-8 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank 

1 1 1 1 4 1 

Total Number of Samples 17+2QC 17+2QC 17+2QC 17+2QC 23+2QC 14+2QC 17+2QC 14+2QC 14

a Group I includes total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate, and chloride. b Group II includes ammonia as nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosph
3-17 

Table 3-3. Field Measurements, Belews Creek

Sampling 

Point 

Number Sampling Point Description Date Time 

Temperature 

(°C) 

pH 

(S.U.) 

Waste 

Stream Flow 

Rate 

(gpm) 

SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System – Day 1

6/7/2010 1124 45 7 554a Samplers not

dark brown chigh in solidsoxidants in to

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System – Day 2 

6/8/2010 1301 44 6.3 481b

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System – Day 3 

6/9/2010 1009 42 6.5 474c

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System – Day 4 

6/10/2010 1140 46.5 7 483d

SP-2 Influent to Bioreactor System 

– Day 1

6/7/10 0754 40 6.5 518 Samples were 

did not have aNo detected stotal cyanide 

6/7/10 1358 41 6.5 560 6/7/10 2004 40 6.5 531 6/8/10 0149 40 6.5 562 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 2 

6/8/10 0748 39 6.5 280 

6/8/10 1345 39 7 390 6/8/10 1939 39 6.5 375 6/9/10 0141 38 6.5 504 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 3 

6/9/10 0744 38 6.5 264 

6/9/10 1348 38 6.5 276 6/9/10 1947 39 6.5 535 

6/10/10 0147 39 6.5 531 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 4 

6/10/10 0738 39 6 383 

6/10/10 1339 41 6.5 566 6/10/10 1934 41 6.5 419 6/11/10 0138 41 6.5 506 
3-18 

Table 3-3. Field Measurements, Belews Creek

Sampling 

Point 

Number Sampling Point Description Date Time 

Temperature 

(°C) 

pH 

(S.U.) 

Waste 

Stream Flow 

Rate 

(gpm) 

SP-3 Effluent from Bioreactor 

System – Day 1

6/7/10 0948 34 7 474 Samples were 

did not have aNo detected stotal cyanide 

6/7/10 1541 34 7 5626/7/10 2147 34 7 469 6/8/10 0348 34 7 469 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 2 

6/8/10 0932 34 7 378 

6/8/10 1531 34 7 384 6/8/10 2128 34 7 437 6/9/10 0330 34 7 470 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 3 

6/9/10 0928 34 7 265 

6/9/10 1525 34 7.5 384 6/9/10 2124 34 7.5 481 

6/10/10 0326 34 7.5 453 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 4 

6/10/10 0916 34 7 397 

6/10/10 1518 35 6.5 547 6/10/10 2114 34 7.5 346 6/11/10 0314 34 7 524 

b Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1104 to 1131 on 6/7/10 (time of sample collection). c Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1241 to 1308 on 6/8/10 (time of sample collection). d Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 0952 to 1019 on 6/9/10 (time of sample collection). e Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1123 to 1250 on 6/10/10 (time of sample collection). f Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1030 to 1115 on 10/23/08 (time of sample collection)
3-19

Table 3-4. Crosswalk of Sample Number to Sampling Point and Day, Belews Creek

Sample Number Sample Point Sample Description 

71641 SP-1, Day 1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System - Day 1 

71642 SP-1, Day 2 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System - Day 2 

71643 SP-1, Day 3 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System - Day 3 

71644 SP-1, Day 4 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System - Day 4 

71645 SP-2, Day 1 Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 1 

71646 SP-2, Day 2 Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 2 

71647 SP-2, Day 3 Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 3 

71648 SP-2, Day 4 Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 4 

71649 SP-3, Day 1 Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 1 

71650 SP-3, Day 2 Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 2 

71651 SP-3, Day 3 Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 3 

71652 SP-3, Day 4 Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 4 

71653 SP-4, Day 3 Duplicate of Influent to Bioreactor System - Day 3 

71654 SP-5, Day 2 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System - Day 2 

71655 SP-6, Day 1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System Field Blank - Day 1 

71656 SP-7, Day 1 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 1 

71657 SP-7, Day 2 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 2 

71658 SP-7, Day 3 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 3 

71659 SP-7, Day 4 Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 4 

71660 SP-8, Day 1 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 1 

71661 SP-8, Day 2 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 2 

71662 SP-8, Day 3 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 3 

71663 SP-8, Day 4 Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank - Day 4 
3-20

Table 3-5. Analytical Methods, Belews Creek

Parameter Method Number 

Classicals

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) SM 5210 B 

Chemical oxygen demand (COD) EPA 410.4 

Total suspended solids (TSS) SM 2540 D 

Total dissolved solids (TDS) SM 2540 C 

Sulfate EPA 300.0 

Chloride EPA 300.0 

Ammonia as nitrogen EPA 350.1 

Nitrate/nitrate as nitrogen EPA 353.2 

Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) EPA 351.2 

Total phosphorus EPA 365.1 

Total cyanide SM 4500 CN E 

Total and Dissolved Metals

Mercury EPA 1631E 

Hexavalent chromium (dissolved only) EPA 218.6 

Antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, 

nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, vanadium, and zinc 

EPA 200.8 with collision cell 

Aluminum, barium, beryllium, boron, calcium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, 

molybdenum, sodium, tin, and titanium 

EPA 200.7 
3-21

Table 3-6. Summary of Sample Container and Planned Preservation, Belews Creek 

Parameter 

Sample 

Container and 

Volume 

QC Sample 

Container and 

Volume On-Site Preservation 

Classicals 

BOD5 One 1-L plastic 

bottle 

One 1-L plastic 

bottle 

≤6C 

Group I a One 1-L plastic 

bottles 

One 1-L plastic 

bottles 

≤6C 

Group II b Two 1-L plastic 

bottles 

Two 1-L plastic 

bottles 

H2SO4 to pH <2 S.U., ≤6C 

Total cyanide One 1-L plastic 

bottle 

One 1-L plastic 

bottles 

Dilution until sulfide is not detected, 

NaAsO2 until total chlorine is not 

present, NaOH to pH >10 S.U., 

≤6C 

Metals 

Total metals (EPA Method 200.8 with 

collision cell) 

One 500-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Total metals (EPA Method 200.7) One 500-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Dissolved metals (EPA Method 200.8 

with collision cell) 

One 500-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

0.45-μm filter (performed in field) 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Dissolved metals (EPA Method 200.7) One 500-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

0.45-μm filter (performed in field) 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Total mercury: None 

Manual composite grab samples Four 125-mL (acid preserve at laboratory) 

glass bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

Influent samples and field blank 

samples 

Two 250-mL 

glass bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

Dissolved mercury: None 

(filter and acid preserve at 

laboratory) Manual composite grab samples Four 125-mL 

glass bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

Influent samples One 250-mL 

glass bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

Hexavalent chromium One 250-mL 

plastic bottle 

No additional 

volume needed 

0.45-μm filter (performed in field) 

Ammonium sulfate buffer to 

pH 9.3 – 9.7 S.U., ≤6C 

(a) Group I includes TSS, TDS, sulfate, and chloride. 

(b) Group II includes ammonia as nitrogen, COD, nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, TKN, and total phosphorus.
3-22 

Table 3-7. Sample Preservation Summary, Belews Creek

Sampling Point 

Number Analysis Date 

Chemical 

Added 

Initial pH 

(S.U.) 

Final pH 

(S.U.) 

Amount 

Added 

(drops) 

71641 Group II Volume 1 6/7/10 H2SO4 6 2 55 

71641 Group II Volume 2 6/7/10 H2SO4 6 2 55 

71641 Hexavalent Chromium 6/7/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6 8.5 a 530 

71655 Hexavalent Chromium Field 

Blank 

6/7/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5 9 a 630 

71641 Total Cyanide 6/7/10 NaOH 7 10 25 

71645 Total Cyanide 6/7/10 NaOH 6.5 10.5 25 

71649 Total Cyanide 6/7/10 NaOH 7 10 25 

71642 Group II Volume 1 6/8/10 H2SO4 6 2 55 

71642 Group II Volume 2 6/8/10 H2SO4 6 2 55 

71645 Group II Volume 1 6/8/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71645 Group II Volume 2 6/8/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71649 Group II Volume 1 6/8/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71649 Group II Volume 2 6/8/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71642 Hexavalent Chromium 6/8/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6.0 8.8 a 700 

71645 Hexavalent Chromium 6/8/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6.5 9.3 700 

71649 Hexavalent Chromium 6/8/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6.5 8.9 a 735 

71656 Hexavalent Chromium Field 

Blank 

6/8/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6.5 9.5 400 

71660 Hexavalent Chromium Field 

Blank 

6/8/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6.5 9.5 700 

71642 Total Cyanide 6/8/10 NaOH 6.3 10 25 

71646 Total Cyanide 6/8/10 NaOH 6.5 10 25 

71650 Total Cyanide 6/8/10 NaOH 7 10 25 

71654 Total Cyanide 6/8/10 NaOH 7 10 25 

71643 Group II Volume 1 6/9/10 H2SO4 6.5 2 30 

71643 Group II Volume 2 6/9/10 H2SO4 6.5 2 30 

71646 Group II Volume 1 6/9/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71646 Group II Volume 2 6/9/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71650 Group II Volume 1 6/9/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71650 Group II Volume 2 6/9/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71654 Group II Volume 1 6/9/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71654 Group II Volume 2 6/9/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71643 Hexavalent Chromium 6/9/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5.5 9.0 a 500 
3-23 

Table 3-7. Sample Preservation Summary, Belews Creek

Sampling Point 

Number Analysis Date 

Chemical 

Added 

Initial pH 

(S.U.) 

Final pH 

(S.U.) 

Amount 

Added 

(drops) 

71646 Hexavalent Chromium 6/9/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5.5 9.0 a 590 

71650 Hexavalent Chromium 6/9/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5.5 9.0 a 480 

71654 Hexavalent Chromium 6/9/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5.5 9.0 a 515 

71643 Total Cyanide 6/9/10 NaOH 6.5 10 25 

71647 Total Cyanide 6/9/10 NaOH 6.5 10 25 

71651 Total Cyanide 6/9/10 NaOH 7.5 10 25 

71651 Total Cyanide - QC 6/9/10 NaOH 7.5 10 25 

71653 Total Cyanide 6/9/10 NaOH 6.5 10 25 

71644 Group II Volume 1 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 40 

71644 Group II Volume 2 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 40 

71647 Group II Volume 1 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71647 Group II Volume 2 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71651 Group II Volume 1 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71651 Group II Volume 2 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71651 Group II Volume 1 – QC 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71651 Group II Volume 2 – QC 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71653 Group II Volume 1 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71653 Group II Volume 2 6/10/10 H2SO4 5.5 2 30 

71644 Hexavalent Chromium 6/10/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6.0 8.8 a 540 

71647 Hexavalent Chromium 6/10/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5.5 9.5 850 

71651 Hexavalent Chromium 6/10/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5.5 9 a 415 

71653 Hexavalent Chromium 6/10/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

5.5 9.5 750 

71644 Total Cyanide 6/10/10 NaOH 6.5 10 25 

71648 Total Cyanide 6/10/10 NaOH 6.5 10 25 

71648 Total Cyanide – QC 6/10/10 NaOH 6.5 10 25 

71652 Total Cyanide 6/10/10 NaOH 7.5 10 25 

71648 Group II Volume 1 6/11/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71648 Group II Volume 2 6/11/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71648 Group II Volume 1 – QC 6/11/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71648 Group II Volume 2 – QC 6/11/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71652 Group II Volume 2 6/11/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 

71652 Group II Volume 1 6/11/10 H2SO4 6 2 30 
3-24 

Table 3-7. Sample Preservation Summary, Belews Creek

Sampling Point 

Number Analysis Date 

Chemical 

Added 

Initial pH 

(S.U.) 

Final pH 

(S.U.) 

Amount 

Added 

(drops) 

71648 Hexavalent Chromium 6/11/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6.0 9.0 a 730 

71652 Hexavalent Chromium 6/11/10 (NH4)2SO4

Buffer 

6.0 9.0 a 520 

a

 Preservation of this sample was stopped because the bottle became too full and additional preservative could not be 

added to the sample bottle. 
3-25 

Table 3-8. Generating Unit Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Belews 

Creek

Unit ID Boiler Type 

Capacity 

(MW) 

Electricity Production 

(MW) 

(or Percent Capacity %)

SCR 

(No, On, Off) 

Particulate Control System 

(HS/CS ESP, or BH) 

1 Opposed Firing 1200 67.2% On CS ESP 

2 Opposed Firing 1200 64.4% On CS ESP 

CS ESP – Cold-side electrostatic precipitator. 
3-26 

Table 3-9. FGD Scrubber System Operating Characteristics, Belews Creek 

Unit ID 

Wet FGD 

System (Yes/No) 

Type of 

Scrubber 

Forced 

Oxidation 

(Yes/No) Sorbent 

Additives (DBA, 

formic acid, etc.) 

FGD Make-up 

Water Source 

SO2 Re

Percen

1 Yes Spray Yes Limestone None Belews Lake 96.22 Yes Spray Yes Limestone None Belews Lake 96.9
3-27

Table 3-10. Coal Usage during Sample Collection, Belews Creek 

Day of 

Sampling Unit ID Coal Type 

Amount of Coal 

Used During Day 

of Sampling 

(tpd) 

Source of Coal 

(Coal Region 

and/or State) 

Percent 

Sulfur in 

Coal 

(%) 

Chlorine Content of 

Coal 

(ppm) 

1 1 CAPP 9,253 WV 1.18 1,453 

2 CAPP 8,533 WV 1.18 1,453 

2 1 CAPP 9,098 WV 0.75 741 

2 CAPP 9,325 WV 0.75 741 

3 

1 CAPP 8,392 WV 0.92 1,500 

2 CAPP 8,136 WV 0.92 1,500 

4A 

1 CAPP 9,700 WV 0.74 888 

2 CAPP 9,668 WV 0.74 888 

4B 

1 NAPP AT 20% / 

CAPP AT 80% *see note below WV 2.27 861 

2 NAPP AT 20% / 

CAPP AT 80% *see note below WV 2.27 861 

* Note : Day 4 has two coal entries, 4A from midnight to 15:00 and 4B 15:00 to midnight. Feeder changes were 

made to reclaim the higher sulfur Northern Appalachian Coal (NAPP) at a 20% blend ratio with 80% of Central 

Appalachian Coal ( CAPP). The weight shown for the 4A entry is for the entire 24-hour period. An hourly 

breakdown is not available. 

 

Table 3-11. Scrubber Slurry Information during Sample Collection, Belews Creek

Day of 

Sampling 

FGD 

System ID 

Associated 

Unit IDs 

Scrubber Slurry 

Blowdown Flow Rate 

Scrubber 

Slurry 

Percent 

Solids 

Time of 

Dewatering 

During 

Sampling Day 

Percent 

Filtrate 

Recycled 

Back to 

Scrubber 

Flow Rate 

(gpm) Duration 

1 

1 1 297 19 hrs 15-17% dewatered 3 times 100% 

2 2 273 11 hrs 15-17% dewatered 3 times 100% 

2 

1 1 313 12 hrs 15-17% dewatered 5 times 100% 

2 2 265 12 hrs 15-17% dewatered 3 times 100% 

3 

1 1 313 13 hrs 15-17% dewatered 3 times 100% 

2 2 283 12 hrs 15-17% dewatered 3 times 100% 

4 

1 1 310 17 hrs 15-17% dewatered 3 times 100% 

2 2 263 19.5 hrs 15-17% dewatered 3 times 100% 
3-28 

Table 3-12. FGD Wastewater Treatment System Operation Information, Belews Creek

Day of 

Sampling 

Scrubber Purge Chemical Usage 

Flow Rate 

(gpm) 

Duration 

(hr) Lime 

35% Ferric 

Chloride 

Organosulfide: 

NA 

Polymer

Nalco 713

1 515 24 pH – 8.5 S.U. 1,400 lbs 25 ppm 20.9 gpd NA 5 ppm 4.2 gpd 2 496 16 pH – 8.5 S.U. 2,200 lbs 25 ppm 17.1 gpd NA 5 ppm 3.4 gpd 3 518 20 pH – 8.5 S.U. 2,200 lbs 25 ppm 16.6 gpd NA 5 ppm 3.3 gpd 4 508 20 pH – 8.5 S.U. 2,900 lbs 25 ppm 19.8 gpd NA 5 ppm 4.0 gpd 

NA – Not applicable
4-1 

4. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section summarizes the laboratory results of analyses of samples for the influent to 

the FGD wastewater treatment system and the influent to and effluent from the bioreactor 

system. 

Appendix A provides all analytical results for all samples collected at Belews Creek, 

including all qualified results and all results that were measured above the method detection 

limit, but below the quantitation limit (i.e., J-values). 

Table 4-1 presents the analytical results for all classical and metal analytes for the four 

days of sampling at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1), as well as the 

calculated 4-day average result for each analyte for the sampling point. Tables 4-2 and 4-3 

present the analytical results for all classical and metal analytes for the four days of sampling at 

the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) and the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3), 

respectively. 

Tables 4-1 through 4-3 include the analytical results for all analytes for which EPA 

conducted analyses. Results are rounded to three significant digits. If an analyte was not 

detected in a sample above the method detection limit, the result is reported as “ND” followed by 

the sample-specific quantitation limit in parentheses. If an analyte was measured above the 

method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit, the result is reported as “NQ” followed 

by the sample-specific quantitation limit in parentheses. 

For Table 4-2 (influent to the bioreactor system), a duplicate sample was collected on 

Day 3 of the sampling episode. The Day 3 results presented in Table 4-2 represent the average 

of the original and the duplicate sample results. Table 5-2 presents the analytical results for the 

original and duplicate results and the calculated relative percent difference (RPD). For Table 4-3 

(effluent from the bioreactor system), a duplicate sample was collected on Day 2 of the sampling 

episode. The Day 2 results presented in Table 4-3 represent the average of the original and the 

duplicate sample results. Table 5-3 presents the analytical results for the original and duplicate 

results and the calculated RPD. 

When calculating the average concentrations for the duplicate samples or for the 4-day 

averages, ERG used the following methodology: 

 If all results were above the quantitation limit, then all results were averaged 

together; 

 If at least one result was above the quantitation limit, then 1⁄2 the quantitation limit 

was used in the average calculation for all results that were less than the 

quantitation limit and the result is reported with a less than sign (“<”); 

 If all results were below the quantitation limit, but at least one result was above 

the method detection limit (i.e., J-value), then the sample-specific quantitation 

limits for all results were averaged and the result is reported as “NQ” followed by 

the average of the sample-specific quantitation limits; and 
4-2 

 If all results were below the method detection limit, then the sample-specific 

quantitation limits for all results were averaged and the result is reported as “ND” 

followed by the average of the sample-specific quantitation limits. 

Table 4-4 presents the 4-day average results for all classical analytes for the influent to 

the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1), the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), and 

the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3). Table 4-5 presents the 4-day average results for 

all metal analytes, including total and dissolved analyses, for the influent to the FGD wastewater 

treatment system (SP-1), the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), and the effluent from the 

bioreactor system (SP-3). The results presented in this report are not paired results, meaning that 

the sample collection across the treatment system was not timed to reflect the amount of time it 

takes the wastewater to pass through the system. 

Appendix Tables A-1 through A-14 present all the analytical results from the influent to 

the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1), the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), the 

effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3), the duplicate of the influent to the bioreactor system 

(SP-4), and the duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-5) sample analyses, 

including J-values. 

[QUESTION FOR BELEWS CREEK: Several mercury results appear inconsistent with 

self-monitoring data Duke Energy has provided for Belews Creek. Please describe any unusual 

conditions that were occurring with the FGD system or FGD wastewater treatment system at the 

time of sampling, or that may have occurred in the preceding days that may have affected 

sampling results. Please provide all total and dissolved arsenic, mercury, and selenium data for 

the split samples collected by Duke Energy/UWAG (on behalf of Duke Energy), for each day 

and sample point.] Please refer to the comment submittal document for this request. 
4-3 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quNA – Not analyzed. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. ** - The accuracy of the Day 1 dissolved mercury analytical result seems questionable based on the results from the other sampling days. If the Day 1 was excluded from the calculated average, the 4-day average would be 131 ng/L. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria.

Table 4-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System (S

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 

ClassicalsAmmonia mg/L 350.1 1.10 NQ (1.00) NQ (1.00) NQ (1.00Nitrate Nitrite as N mg/L 353.2 20.0 14.0 16.0 15.0 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/L 351.2 29.0 B,F 5.70 6.50 5.50 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5210B ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 410.4 220 250 210 180 Chloride mg/L 300.0 7,700 7,100 7,600 8,000 Sulfate mg/L 300.0 1,600 1,500 1,100 1,500 Cyanide, Total mg/L 4500 CN E ND (0.0100) F NQ (0.100) NQ (0.100) NQ (0.100Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 2540C 17,000 D 14,000 13,000 25,000 Total Suspended Solids mg/L 2540D 3,100 D 4,900 3,300 D 2,500 Phosphorus, Total mg/L 365.1 0.350 B 0.150 B 1.30 B NQ (0.050Total MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 92,000 4 97,000 4 83,000 4 82,000 Antimony ug/L 200.8 8.40 10.0 9.60 9.10 Arsenic ug/L 200.8 270 4 230 240 200 Barium ug/L 200.7 1,300 1,200 1,200 1,200 Beryllium ug/L 200.7 8.90 9.70 8.20 8.40 Boron ug/L 200.7 150,000 B,4 140,000 B,4 140,000 B,4 170,000 
4-4 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quNA – Not analyzed. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. ** - The accuracy of the Day 1 dissolved mercury analytical result seems questionable based on the results from the other sampling days. If the Day 1 was excluded from the calculated average, the 4-day average would be 131 ng/L. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria.

Table 4-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System (S

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 

Cadmium ug/L 200.8 4.10 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00Calcium ug/L 200.7 4,700,000 4 5,300,000 4 4,000,000 4 4,100,00Chromium ug/L 200.8 260 4,^ 250 ^ 250 ^ 250 Cobalt ug/L 200.7 54.0 61.0 56.0 55.0 Copper ug/L 200.8 150 170 160 140 Iron ug/L 200.7 100,000 4 110,000 4 99,000 4 100,000 Lead ug/L 200.8 130 120 130 120 Magnesium ug/L 200.7 830,000 4 760,000 4 670,000 4 710,000 Manganese ug/L 200.7 5,500 4 6,000 4 5,600 4 5,800 Mercury ng/L 1631E 248,000 257,000 291,000 224,000 Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 45.0 47.0 45.0 44.0 Nickel ug/L 200.8 230 4 240 230 220 Selenium ug/L 200.8 6,800 4 6,300 6,600 6,600 Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Sodium ug/L 200.7 48,000 46,000 46,000 48,000 Thallium ug/L 200.8 3.70 3.20 3.40 4.00 Tin ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200Titanium ug/L 200.7 1,400 1,500 1,400 1,300 Vanadium ug/L 200.8 190 4 210 200 190 Zinc ug/L 200.8 330 4 290 290 290 Dissolved MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 ND (200) F NQ (200) B NQ (200) B ND (200
4-5 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quNA – Not analyzed. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. ** - The accuracy of the Day 1 dissolved mercury analytical result seems questionable based on the results from the other sampling days. If the Day 1 was excluded from the calculated average, the 4-day average would be 131 ng/L. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria.

Table 4-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System (S

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 

Antimony ug/L 200.8 2.00 2.50 2.00 2.50 Arsenic ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) 4.80 4.30 Barium ug/L 200.7 650 640 B 660 700 Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) F ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Boron ug/L 200.7 150,000 B,4 140,000 B,4 150,000 B,4 150,000 Cadmium ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00Calcium ug/L 200.7 3,200,000 4 3,100,000 B,4 3,600,000 4 3,300,00Chromium ug/L 200.8 8.70 ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8.00Chromium (VI) ug/L 218.6 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) T,Est ND (10.0Cobalt ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) 28.0 28.0 27.0 Copper ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) 4.20 NQ (4.00Iron ug/L 200.7 ND (200) F ND (200) ND (200) ND (200Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Magnesium ug/L 200.7 720,000 4 670,000 4 690,000 4 700,000 Manganese ug/L 200.7 2,100 4 5,300 4 5,400 B,4 5,400 Mercury ng/L 1631E 49,300** 119 142 NA Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0Nickel ug/L 200.8 100 130 140 140 Selenium ug/L 200.8 1,300 4 400 410 550 Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Sodium ug/L 200.7 47,000 45,000 47,000 48,000 Thallium ug/L 200.8 3.90 3.90 3.80 4.00 
4-6 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quNA – Not analyzed. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. ** - The accuracy of the Day 1 dissolved mercury analytical result seems questionable based on the results from the other sampling days. If the Day 1 was excluded from the calculated average, the 4-day average would be 131 ng/L. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria.

Table 4-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System (S

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 

Tin ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) F NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) F NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0Vanadium ug/L 200.8 NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0Zinc ug/L 200.8 39.0 32.0 32.0 33.0 
4-7 

Note: The Day 3 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-4). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the + - The dissolved mercury result for this sample is based on grabs 1 through 3 because the fourth grab was dropped by the laboratory. Each of the thre

individually and a mathematical average was used to calculate the composite sample concentration. < - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. 

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to the Bioreactor System (SP-2)

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 

ClassicalsAmmonia mg/L 350.1 1.20 1.30 1.05 NQ (1.00) Nitrate Nitrite as N mg/L 353.2 19.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/L 351.2 NQ (5.00) B NQ (2.50) B < 1.65 2.60 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5210B ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 410.4 370 320 230 140 Chloride mg/L 300.0 7,800 8,000 7,400 7,900 Sulfate mg/L 300.0 1,300 1,300 1,700 1,200 Cyanide, Total mg/L 4500 CN E ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 2540C 16,000 15,000 23,500 26,000 Total Suspended Solids mg/L 2540D 7.60 12.0 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) Phosphorus, Total mg/L 365.1 NQ (0.0500) B NQ (0.0500) B NQ (0.0500) NQ (0.0500) Total MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 ND (5,000) NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200) Antimony ug/L 200.8 NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) Arsenic ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) Barium ug/L 200.7 390 380 380 420 Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Boron ug/L 200.7 160,000 B 140,000 B 150,000 150,000 
4-8 

Note: The Day 3 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-4). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the + - The dissolved mercury result for this sample is based on grabs 1 through 3 because the fourth grab was dropped by the laboratory. Each of the thre

individually and a mathematical average was used to calculate the composite sample concentration. < - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. 

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to the Bioreactor System (SP-2)

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 

Cadmium ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) Calcium ug/L 200.7 3,700,000 3,300,000 3,250,000 3,700,000 Chromium ug/L 200.8 17.0 ^ 18.0 ^ 20.0 20.0 Cobalt ug/L 200.7 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) Copper ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) Iron ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) ND (200) ND (200) NQ (200) Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Magnesium ug/L 200.7 810,000 740,000 720,000 740,000 Manganese ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) Mercury ng/L 1631E 46,600 43,000 47,300 53,300 Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) Nickel ug/L 200.8 12.0 11.0 7.20 8.70 Selenium ug/L 200.8 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,300 Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Sodium ug/L 200.7 48,000 50,000 48,000 50,000 Thallium ug/L 200.8 NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) Tin ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) NQ (200) Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) Vanadium ug/L 200.8 NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) Zinc ug/L 200.8 NQ (10.0) 12.0 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) Dissolved MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) Antimony ug/L 200.8 2.10 NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) 
4-9 

Note: The Day 3 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-4). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the + - The dissolved mercury result for this sample is based on grabs 1 through 3 because the fourth grab was dropped by the laboratory. Each of the thre

individually and a mathematical average was used to calculate the composite sample concentration. < - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. 

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to the Bioreactor System (SP-2)

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 

Arsenic ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) Barium ug/L 200.7 410 B 380 375 420 Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Boron ug/L 200.7 160,000 B 150,000 B 140,000 150,000 Cadmium ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) Calcium ug/L 200.7 3,400,000 B 3,600,000 3,250,000 3,700,000 Chromium ug/L 200.8 17.0 18.0 19.5 20.0 Chromium (VI) ug/L 218.6 13.4 11.7 T,Est 13.2 14.6 Cobalt ug/L 200.7 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) Copper ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) ND (4.00) Iron ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) NQ (200) ND (200) Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Magnesium ug/L 200.7 760,000 730,000 720,000 740,000 Manganese ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) B NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) Mercury ng/L 1631E 47,000 49,300+ 44,000 44,400 Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) Nickel ug/L 200.8 13.0 10.0 6.40 9.70 Selenium ug/L 200.8 1,100 1,200 1,250 1,300 Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Sodium ug/L 200.7 49,000 49,000 47,500 50,000 Thallium ug/L 200.8 NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) Tin ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) 
4-10 

Note: The Day 3 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-4). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the + - The dissolved mercury result for this sample is based on grabs 1 through 3 because the fourth grab was dropped by the laboratory. Each of the thre

individually and a mathematical average was used to calculate the composite sample concentration. < - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. 

Table 4-2. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Influent to the Bioreactor System (SP-2)

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 

Vanadium ug/L 200.8 NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) Zinc ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) 
4-11 

Note: The Day 2 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-5). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the < - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. ** - The Day 2 duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor system was detected at a concentration of 6,440 ng/L, which seems like an erroneous resu

original sample concentration and the other three sample days. For presentation purposes in this table, the duplicate result has been removed from the 

and from the calculation of the 4-day average result. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. H – Sample was prepared/analyzed beyond the specified holding time. 

Table 4-3. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Effluent from the Bioreactor System (SP-3

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 

ClassicalsAmmonia mg/L 350.1 4.50 4.45 4.40 4.50 Nitrate Nitrite as N mg/L 353.2 ND (0.100) F NQ (0.100) ND (0.100) F ND (0.10Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/L 351.2 6.10 F 5.75 6.30 B,F,H 6.00 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5210B ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 410.4 240 255 130 F 190 Chloride mg/L 300.0 8,000 7,700 7,000 7,800 Sulfate mg/L 300.0 1,400 1,400 1,300 2,500 Cyanide, Total mg/L 4500 CN E 0.0120 F NQ (0.100) NQ (0.100) F NQ (0.10Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 2540C 16,000 14,000 24,000 B 55,000 Total Suspended Solids mg/L 2540D 6.80 24.0 4.00 NQ (4.00Phosphorus, Total mg/L 365.1 0.120 B 0.130 0.110 B,F ND (0.050Total MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 ND (5,000) NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200Antimony ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Arsenic ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00Barium ug/L 200.7 390 380 370 380 Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Boron ug/L 200.7 180,000 B 190,000 170,000 B,4 140,000 Cadmium ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00
4-12 

Note: The Day 2 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-5). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the < - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. ** - The Day 2 duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor system was detected at a concentration of 6,440 ng/L, which seems like an erroneous resu

original sample concentration and the other three sample days. For presentation purposes in this table, the duplicate result has been removed from the 

and from the calculation of the 4-day average result. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. H – Sample was prepared/analyzed beyond the specified holding time. 

Table 4-3. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Effluent from the Bioreactor System (SP-3

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 

Calcium ug/L 200.7 4,000,000 3,300,000 3,300,000 4 3,600,00Chromium ug/L 200.8 ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.00Cobalt ug/L 200.7 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0Copper ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00Iron ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) NQ (200) 300 NQ (200Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Magnesium ug/L 200.7 890,000 760,000 750,000 4 740,000 Manganese ug/L 200.7 470 320 260 230 Mercury ng/L 1631E 230 247** 346 406 Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 ND (40.0) ND (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0Nickel ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) NQ (4.00) ND (4.00Selenium ug/L 200.8 7.30 25.5 5.10 25.0 Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Sodium ug/L 200.7 51,000 50,000 48,000 49,000 Thallium ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Tin ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (200Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0Vanadium ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0Zinc ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0Dissolved MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) B NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200
4-13 

Note: The Day 2 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-5). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the < - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. ** - The Day 2 duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor system was detected at a concentration of 6,440 ng/L, which seems like an erroneous resu

original sample concentration and the other three sample days. For presentation purposes in this table, the duplicate result has been removed from the 

and from the calculation of the 4-day average result. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. H – Sample was prepared/analyzed beyond the specified holding time. 

Table 4-3. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Effluent from the Bioreactor System (SP-3

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 

Antimony ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Arsenic ug/L 200.8 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00Barium ug/L 200.7 370 B 375 370 370 Beryllium ug/L 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Boron ug/L 200.7 160,000 B 160,000 150,000 B,4 140,000 Cadmium ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00Calcium ug/L 200.7 3,200,000 B 3,600,000 3,300,000 4 3,600,00Chromium ug/L 200.8 ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.00Chromium (VI) ug/L 218.6 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0Cobalt ug/L 200.7 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.0Copper ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00Iron ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) < 255 NQ (200) NQ (200Lead ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Magnesium ug/L 200.7 730,000 755,000 740,000 4 730,000 Manganese ug/L 200.7 410 315 260 230 Mercury ng/L 1631E 23.1 21.3 28.2 36.1 Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) ND (40.0) NQ (40.0Nickel ug/L 200.8 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00Selenium ug/L 200.8 8.10 23.5 4.90 22.0 Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Sodium ug/L 200.7 48,000 49,500 48,000 48,000 
4-14 

Note: The Day 2 results represent the average of the original sample and the field duplicate (SP-5). See Section 5.2.4 for the analytical results for the < - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. ** - The Day 2 duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor system was detected at a concentration of 6,440 ng/L, which seems like an erroneous resu

original sample concentration and the other three sample days. For presentation purposes in this table, the duplicate result has been removed from the 

and from the calculation of the 4-day average result. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. H – Sample was prepared/analyzed beyond the specified holding time. 

Table 4-3. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Belews Creek 

Analyte Units Method

Effluent from the Bioreactor System (SP-3

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 

Thallium ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00Tin ug/L 200.7 ND (200) ND (200) ND (200) ND (200Titanium ug/L 200.7 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0Vanadium ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0Zinc ug/L 200.8 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) 12.0 F ND (10.0
4-15 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation 

result is presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantit

one result is a J-value. 

Table 4-4. Classical Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater Treatment System

Analyte Units Method

Influent to FGD 

Wastewater Treatment 

System (SP-1)

4-Day Average

Influent to 

Bioreactor 

System (SP-2

4-Day Averag

ClassicalsAmmonia mg/L 350.1 < 0.650 < 1.01 Nitrate Nitrite as N mg/L 353.2 16.3 19.8 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl mg/L 351.2 11.7 < 2.00 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5210B ND (10.0) ND (20.0) Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 410.4 215 265 Chloride mg/L 300.0 7,600 7,780 Sulfate mg/L 300.0 1,430 1,380 Cyanide, Total mg/L 4500 CN E NQ (0.0775) ND (0.100) Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 2540C 17,300 20,100 Total Suspended Solids mg/L 2540D 3,450 < 5.90 Phosphorus, Total mg/L 365.1 < 0.456 NQ (0.0500) 
4-16 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu* - The 4-day average result includes an analytical result where the accuracy is questionable. If the questionable result was excluded from the calculataverage would be 131 ng/L. ** - The 4-day average result presented has been revised to exclude the Day 2 duplicate result because it is an erroneous result based on the Day 2 origresults from the other sampling days. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. 

Table 4-5. Metal Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater Treatment System

Influent to FGD 

Wastewater Treatment

System (SP-1)

4-Day Average

Influent to 

Bioreactor 

System (SP-2)

4-Day Average

4

Analyte Units Method Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Tot

MetalsAluminum ug/L 200.7 88,500 NQ (200) NQ (1,400) ND (200) NQ (1Antimony ug/L 200.8 9.28 2.25 NQ (2.00) < 1.28 ND (2Arsenic ug/L 200.8 235 < 3.28 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4Barium ug/L 200.7 1,230 663 393 396 38Beryllium ug/L 200.7 8.80 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Boron ug/L 200.7 150,000 148,000 150,000 150,000 170,0Cadmium ug/L 200.8 < 2.53 NQ (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4Calcium ug/L 200.7 4,530,000 3,300,000 3,490,000 3,490,000 3,550Chromium ug/L 200.8 253 < 5.18 18.8 18.6 ND (8Chromium (VI) ug/L 218.6 NA ND (10.0) NA 13.2 NA Cobalt ug/L 200.7 56.5 < 23.3 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (2Copper ug/L 200.8 155 < 2.55 NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) ND (4Iron ug/L 200.7 102,000 ND (200) NQ (200) NQ (200) < 1Lead ug/L 200.8 125 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Magnesium ug/L 200.7 743,000 695,000 753,000 738,000 785,0Manganese ug/L 200.7 5,730 4,550 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) 32Mercury ng/L 1631E 255,000 16,500* 47,600 46,200 307Molybdenum ug/L 200.7 45.3 NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (4Nickel ug/L 200.8 230 128 9.73 9.78 NQ (4Selenium ug/L 200.8 6,580 665 1,230 1,210 15.Silver ug/L 200.8 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2
4-17 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the qu* - The 4-day average result includes an analytical result where the accuracy is questionable. If the questionable result was excluded from the calculataverage would be 131 ng/L. ** - The 4-day average result presented has been revised to exclude the Day 2 duplicate result because it is an erroneous result based on the Day 2 origresults from the other sampling days. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the 4-day average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but 

value. 

Table 4-5. Metal Pollutants 4-Day Average Data Summary for FGD Wastewater Treatment System

Influent to FGD 

Wastewater Treatment

System (SP-1)

4-Day Average

Influent to 

Bioreactor 

System (SP-2)

4-Day Average

4

Analyte Units Method Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Tot

Sodium ug/L 200.7 47,000 46,800 49,000 48,900 49,5Thallium ug/L 200.8 3.58 3.90 NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) ND (2Tin ug/L 200.7 NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (200) ND (200) ND (2Titanium ug/L 200.7 1,400 NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (2Vanadium ug/L 200.8 198 NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (1Zinc ug/L 200.8 300 34.0 < 6.75 ND (10.0) ND (1
5-1 

5. DATA QUALITY

Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures applicable to the Belews Creek 

sampling episode are outlined in the Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Steam Electric 

Rulemaking (QAPP) [2]. This section describes the QC procedures used to assess the precision 

and accuracy of the analytical data presented in Section 4 and Appendix A. QC practices used 

for this sampling episode include the analysis of matrix spikes, blanks, duplicate samples, and 

QC standard checks. 

5.1 Analytical Quality Control

ERG contracted directly with analytical laboratories for the analysis of samples collected 

during this episode. ERG verified that the performance of the laboratories selected was 

acceptable by conducting QC checks of the analytical data. Data review chemists at ERG 

prepared written data review narratives describing any qualifications of the analytical data from 

this episode. The data review narratives are included in Appendix B. 

5.2 Field Quality Control

This subsection discusses the bottle blanks, equipment blanks, field blanks, and field 

duplicate sample results. Section 3.8 of the Sampling Plan discusses field QC specifications. 

5.2.1 Bottle Blanks 

ERG collects bottle blanks to evaluate possible contamination from the sample collection 

bottles. Bottle blanks were collected and analyzed for metals (EPA Method 200.8, 200.7, and 

1631E) by the supplier of the precleaned bottles, Frontier Global Sciences. 

Frontier Global Sciences collected the bottle blanks for the metals sample bottles by 

filling the precleaned bottle with reagent water, preserving the sample with nitric acid to a pH <2 

S.U. Frontier Global Sciences then analyzed the samples using EPA Method 1638. 

Frontier Global Sciences collected the bottle blanks for the mercury sample bottles by 

filling the precleaned bottle with reagent water, preserving the sample with bromine 

monochloride. Frontier Global Sciences then analyzed the samples using EPA Method 1631E. 

Albion Environmental collected the bottle blanks for the 10- and 20-liter composite 

containers by filling the container with approximately two liters of ASTM Type 1 water and 

allowing it to soak for approximately 24 hours. During this period, the laboratory shook the 

container periodically and changed its orientation to expose all surfaces of the container to the 

ASTM Type 1 water. Albion Environmental then shook the 10- and 20-liter containers and 

poured a representative sample into a precleaned LDPE sample bottle. The blank samples were 

then preserved and analyzed according to the analytical methods (i.e., EPA Method 1638). 

No metals were detected in the bottle blanks, except for aluminum in the 10-liter 

composite containers. Aluminum was detected in the 10-L container at a concentration of 4.71 

ug/L, which is well below the quantitation limit used for the sample analyses (i.e., 200 ug/L); 

therefore, this contamination did not affect the results of the sampling episode. Appendix Table 
5-2 

A-15 presents all of the analytical results from the bottle blank analyses for the bottles used to 

collect the metals and mercury samples. 

5.2.2 Equipment Blanks 

EPA collects equipment blanks to evaluate possible contamination from the equipment 

used for sample collection. The techniques used to collect field blanks (as described in Section 

5.2.3) include the sampling equipment and therefore would identify whether the sampling 

equipment was introducing contamination. In addition, Frontier Global Sciences collected and 

analyzed equipment blanks for metals (EPA Method 1638 and 1631E) for each type of 

precleaned equipment supplied for the episode. 

Frontier Global Sciences collected the equipment blanks for the capsule filters and 

fabricated tubing sets by pumping reagent water through the cleaned and fully assembled 

equipment sets (with the filter attached) into a cleaned bottle (an HDPE bottle for metals and a 

glass bottle for mercury). The blank samples were then preserved and analyzed according to the 

analytical methods (EPA Method 1638 and 1631E), as described in Section 5.2.1 for the bottle 

blank samples. 

No other metals were detected in the equipment blanks, indicating that there was no 

contamination from the sampling equipment. Appendix Table A-15 presents all of the analytical 

results from the bottle blank and equipment blank analyses for all of the equipment used for the 

collection of metals and mercury samples. 

5.2.3 Field Blanks 

The sampling team collected field blanks (SP-6, SP-7, and SP-8) to evaluate possible 

contamination from sampling equipment, sampling equipment decontamination procedures, 

sample collection procedures, or atmospheric contamination. EPA analyzed the field blank 

samples for the total and dissolved metals and total and dissolved mercury samples2

. 

The total mercury, total metals by 200.8, and total metals by 200.7 field blank samples 

for the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-6) were collected by pouring 

ASTM Type 1 water through a precleaned funnel attached to the silicone tubing used for sample 

collection. To prevent potential atmospheric deposition, the sampling team shrouded the blank 

water and funnel with a plastic bag while pouring the blank water into the funnel and placed the 

sample bottles in a “cleanbox.” Prior to filling the sample bottles, the tubing was purged with 

approximately 1 liter of blank water. The ASTM Type 1 water flowed through the funnel, tubing, 

 

2 EPA did not collect a dissolved mercury field blank sample because the sample filtration was performed at the 

laboratory to minimize potential mercury contamination. The laboratory performed a filtration blank prior to 

filtering the sample, which is assessed as the field blank for the dissolved mercury sample. Mercury was detected at 

a concentration of 0.77 ng/L in the filtration blank performed for the second day of samples, which includes the 

influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system (day 2), the third and fourth grab samples for the influent to the 

bioreactor system (Day 1), the third and fourth grab sample for the effluent from the bioreactor system (Day 1), the 

first and second grab samples for influent to the bioreactor system (Day 2), the first and second grab samples for the 

effluent from the bioreactor system (Day 2), and the first and second grab samples for the duplicate of the FGD 

effluent from the bioreactor system. Mercury was not detected above the method detection limit (0.24 ng/L) in the 

filtration blanks performed for the first, third, fourth, or fifth day of samples.
5-3 

and “Y” splitter, and was poured into the sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples 

as “true” split samples with Belews Creek’s representative, using the same procedure discussed 

in the sample collection description (Section 3.1). 

The dissolved metals by 200.8, dissolved metals by 200.7, and dissolved hexavalant 

chromium field blank samples for the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-6) 

were collected by pouring ASTM Type 1 water through the funnel and tubing and into a 10-liter 

composite container. After around 70 minutes, the sampling team began pumping off the ASTM 

Type 1 water from the 10-liter composite container. Prior to filling the sample bottles, the tubing 

was purged for around 40 seconds. The sample bottles were placed in a “cleanbox” and the 

ASTM Type 1 water was pumped through the tubing, capsule filter, and “Y” splitter, and into the 

sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples as “true” split samples with Belews 

Creek’s representative, using the same procedure discussed in the sample collection description 

(Section 3.1). 

The total mercury field blank sample for the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-7) and 

for the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-8) were collected by shrouding one of the three 

taps on the sample tap splitter with a clear plastic bag. Before purging the sample tap, ASTM 

Type 1 water was poured directly into the sample bottles under the clear plastic bag. 

The total and dissolved metals by 200.7 and metals by 200.8 field blank samples for the 

influent to the bioreactor system (SP-7) and the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-8) were 

collected by filling a 20-liter composite container with ASTM Type 1 water. The same T-splitter 

tubing used to fill the metals composite container at each point was used with a pump to fill the 

20-liter field blank composite container. Prior to attaching one end of the tubing to the sample 

tap, it was placed directly into the container holding ASTM Type 1 water. The other end of the 

tubing was attached to the vented cap on top of the 20-liter field blank composite container. 

After enough volume was pumped into the 20-liter field blank composite container, the vented 

cap was replaced with a closed cap and the container was placed on ice in a covered plastic trash 

can. The vented cap used for the field blank collection was the same cap that was later used for 

the metals composite container. 

After 24 hours, the ASTM Type 1 water in the 20-liter field blank composite container 

was pumped off into the individual sample bottles. The sample bottles were placed in a 

“cleanbox” and the ASTM Type 1 water was pumped through the tubing and “Y” splitter, and 

into the sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples as “true” split samples with 

Belews Creek’s representative, using the same procedure discussed in the sample collection 

description (Section 3.1). Prior to filling the sample bottles, the tubing was purged with 

approximately one liter of ASTM Type 1 water. First the samplers collected the total metals by 

200.8 and total metals by 200.7 field blank samples. Then the sampling team attached a filter to 

the tubing set and purged the tubing with approximately one liter of ASTM Type 1 water. The 

samplers then collected the dissolved metals by 200.8, dissolved metals by 200.7, and dissolved 

hexavalent chromium field blank samples. 

No metals were detected in the field blank samples above the quantitation limit, 

indicating that there was no contamination from the sample collection procedures. Appendix 

Tables A-16 through A-24 present all the analytical results for the field blanks from each of the 
5-4 

sampling points, including all qualified results and all results that were measured above the 

method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (i.e., J-values). 

5.2.4 Field Duplicates 

The sampling team collected field duplicate samples to assess the sampling measurement 

precision for the episode. Field duplicate samples are separate samples collected from the same 

location as the original sample. The duplicate is filled immediately after the original sample and 

is stored and analyzed independently. The relative percent difference (RPD) between the two 

sample results is examined to determine the precision of the data. EPA used the following 

equation to calculate the RPD for the duplicate sample results. 

100

2

S D

S D

RPD (%) 





 



 

  (5-1) 

where: 

S = concentration of the analyte from original sample analysis; 

D = concentration of the analyte from the duplicate sample analysis; and 

RPD = relative percent difference between the original and duplicate sample 

result. 

During this sampling episode, EPA collected duplicate samples for the influent to the 

bioreactor system (SP-4) and the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-5) during day 3 and 

day 2 of the sampling episode, respectively. The duplicate samples were analyzed for all 

analytes. Tables 5-1 and 5-2 present the analytical results and the RPD for SP-4 and SP-5, 

respectively. Results are rounded to three significant digits. Appendix Tables A-7 and A-13 

present all the analytical results for the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) Day 3 and the 

duplicate of the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-4) sample analyses, including all qualified 

results and all results that were measured above the method detection limit, but below the 

quantitation limit (i.e., J-values). Appendix Tables A-10 and A-14 present all the analytical 

results for the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3) Day 2 and the duplicate of the effluent 

from the bioreactor system (SP-5) sample analyses, including all qualified results and all results 

that were measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (i.e., Jvalues). 
5-5 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quNC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but at leas^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results – Influent to Bioreactor System, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Units 

Original Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System, Day 3 

Concentration (SP-2) 

Duplicate Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System 

Concentration (SP-4) 

Aver

Resu

Classicals Ammonia 350.1 mg/L 1.10 1.00 1.0Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 20.0 20.0 20.Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L ND (1.00) 2.80 < 1.Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (2Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 180 280 23Chloride 300.0 mg/L 7,400 7,400 7,40Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 2,200 1,200 1,70Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 24,000 B 23,000 B 23,5Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L NQ (0.0500) B NQ (0.0500) B NQ (0.0Total Metals Aluminum 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) ND (200) NQ (2Antimony 200.8 ug/L NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2Arsenic 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4Barium 200.7 ug/L 380 380 38Beryllium 200.7 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Boron 200.7 ug/L 150,000 B 150,000 B 150,0Cadmium 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4Calcium 200.7 ug/L 3,200,000 3,300,000 3,250Chromium 200.8 ug/L 20.0 ^ 20.0 ^ 20.Cobalt 200.7 ug/L ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (2Copper 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4Iron 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) ND (2Lead 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 720,000 720,000 720,0Manganese 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (2
5-6 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quNC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but at leas^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results – Influent to Bioreactor System, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Units 

Original Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System, Day 3 

Concentration (SP-2) 

Duplicate Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System 

Concentration (SP-4) 

Aver

Resu

Mercury 1631E ng/L 40,800 53,800 47,3Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (4Nickel 200.8 ug/L 7.20 7.20 7.2Selenium 200.8 ug/L 1,300 1,300 1,30Silver 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Sodium 200.7 ug/L 48,000 48,000 48,0Thallium 200.8 ug/L NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2Tin 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) ND (2Titanium 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (2Vanadium 200.8 ug/L NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (1Zinc 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (1Dissolved Metals Aluminum 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) ND (2Antimony 200.8 ug/L NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2Arsenic 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4Barium 200.7 ug/L 390 360 37Beryllium 200.7 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Boron 200.7 ug/L 140,000 B 140,000 B 140,0Cadmium 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4Calcium 200.7 ug/L 3,400,000 3,100,000 3,250Chromium 200.8 ug/L 20.0 ^ 19.0 ^ 19.Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 12.8 13.5 13.Cobalt 200.7 ug/L ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (2Copper 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4Iron 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) ND (200) NQ (2Lead 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 740,000 700,000 720,0Manganese 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (2
5-7 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quNC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but at leas^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results – Influent to Bioreactor System, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Units 

Original Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System, Day 3 

Concentration (SP-2) 

Duplicate Influent 

to Bioreactor 

System 

Concentration (SP-4) 

Aver

Resu

Mercury 1631E ng/L 43,500 44,400 44,0Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L NQ (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (4Nickel 200.8 ug/L 6.50 6.30 6.4Selenium 200.8 ug/L 1,300 1,200 1,25Silver 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2Sodium 200.7 ug/L 49,000 46,000 47,5Thallium 200.8 ug/L NQ (2.00) NQ (2.00) NQ (2Tin 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) ND (2Titanium 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (2Vanadium 200.8 ug/L NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (1Zinc 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (1
5-8 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quThe total mercury duplicate result seems erroneous based on the Day 2 original sample result and the results from the other sampling days. The duplic

excluded from the presentation of the Day 2 average result in Table 4-3. Additionally, 247 ng/L (instead of 3,340 ng/L) was used in the calculation of 

presented in Table 4-3 and 4-5. NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but at leas^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results – Effluent from Bioreactor System, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Units 

Original Effluent from 

Bioreactor System, Day 2 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate Effluent from 

Bioreactor System 

Concentration (SP-5) 

Averag

Result 

Classicals Ammonia 350.1 mg/L 4.30 4.60 4.45 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L NQ (0.100) ND (0.100) NQ (0.10Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 5.80 5.70 F 5.75 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 340 170 255 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 7,600 7,800 7,700 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 1,400 1,400 1,400 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L NQ (0.100) F NQ (0.100) NQ (0.10Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 14,000 14,000 14,000 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 22.0 26.0 24.0 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 0.130 B 0.130 B 0.130 Total Metals Aluminum 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (20Antimony 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0Arsenic 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.0Barium 200.7 ug/L 380 380 380 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0
5-9 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quThe total mercury duplicate result seems erroneous based on the Day 2 original sample result and the results from the other sampling days. The duplic

excluded from the presentation of the Day 2 average result in Table 4-3. Additionally, 247 ng/L (instead of 3,340 ng/L) was used in the calculation of 

presented in Table 4-3 and 4-5. NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but at leas^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results – Effluent from Bioreactor System, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Units 

Original Effluent from 

Bioreactor System, Day 2 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate Effluent from 

Bioreactor System 

Concentration (SP-5) 

Averag

Result 

Boron 200.7 ug/L 190,000 B 190,000 B 190,00Cadmium 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.0Calcium 200.7 ug/L 3,300,000 3,300,000 3,300,00Chromium 200.8 ug/L ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.00) ^ ND (8.0Cobalt 200.7 ug/L ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.Copper 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.0Iron 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) NQ (200) NQ (20Lead 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 760,000 760,000 760,00Manganese 200.7 ug/L 320 320 320 Mercury 1631E ng/L 247 6,440* 3,340* Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L ND (40.0) ND (40.0) ND (40.Nickel 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.0Selenium 200.8 ug/L 26.0 25.0 25.5 Silver 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0Sodium 200.7 ug/L 50,000 50,000 50,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0Tin 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) ND (20Titanium 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.
5-10 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quThe total mercury duplicate result seems erroneous based on the Day 2 original sample result and the results from the other sampling days. The duplic

excluded from the presentation of the Day 2 average result in Table 4-3. Additionally, 247 ng/L (instead of 3,340 ng/L) was used in the calculation of 

presented in Table 4-3 and 4-5. NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but at leas^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results – Effluent from Bioreactor System, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Units 

Original Effluent from 

Bioreactor System, Day 2 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate Effluent from 

Bioreactor System 

Concentration (SP-5) 

Averag

Result 

Vanadium 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.Zinc 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.Dissolved Metals Aluminum 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) B NQ (200) B NQ (20Antimony 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0Arsenic 200.8 ug/L NQ (4.00) NQ (4.00) NQ (4.0Barium 200.7 ug/L 370 380 375 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0Boron 200.7 ug/L 160,000 B 160,000 B 160,00Cadmium 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.0Calcium 200.7 ug/L 3,600,000 3,600,000 3,600,00Chromium 200.8 ug/L ND (8.00) ND (8.00) ND (8.0Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L ND (10.0) T,Est ND (10.0) T,Est ND (10.Cobalt 200.7 ug/L ND (20.0) ND (20.0) ND (20.Copper 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.0Iron 200.7 ug/L NQ (200) 410 < 255 Lead 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 750,000 760,000 755,00Manganese 200.7 ug/L 310 B 320 B 315 
5-11 

< - Average result includes at least one value measured below the quantitation limit. (Calculation uses 1⁄2 the quantitation limit for values below the quThe total mercury duplicate result seems erroneous based on the Day 2 original sample result and the results from the other sampling days. The duplic

excluded from the presentation of the Day 2 average result in Table 4-3. Additionally, 247 ng/L (instead of 3,340 ng/L) was used in the calculation of 

presented in Table 4-3 and 4-5. NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the quantitation limit (number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the average result indicates that all results were below the quantitation limit, but at leas^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results – Effluent from Bioreactor System, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Units 

Original Effluent from 

Bioreactor System, Day 2 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate Effluent from 

Bioreactor System 

Concentration (SP-5) 

Averag

Result 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 23.4 19.2 21.3 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L ND (40.0) NQ (40.0) NQ (40.Nickel 200.8 ug/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.0Selenium 200.8 ug/L 24.0 23.0 23.5 Silver 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0Sodium 200.7 ug/L 49,000 50,000 49,500 Thallium 200.8 ug/L ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.0Tin 200.7 ug/L ND (200) ND (200) ND (20Titanium 200.7 ug/L NQ (20.0) NQ (20.0) NQ (20.Vanadium 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.Zinc 200.8 ug/L ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.
6-1

6. REFERENCES

1. Eastern Research Group, Inc., 2010. Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Carolinas’ Belews 

Creek Steam Station. May 27. DCN SE00502. 

2. Eastern Research Group, Inc., 2010. Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Steam 

Electric Effluent Guidelines Rulemaking. (October). DCN SE00058. 
Appendix A 

ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
A-1 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews C

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL Con

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 4 0.076 0.4 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 2 0.38 5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 5 1.2 10 ND Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 2Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 7Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 1Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.002 0.01 ND Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 17Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 11 40 3Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 0Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 50 240 5,000 92Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 10 6.1 20 2Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 1Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 150Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 4Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 4,70
A-2 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews C

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL Con

Chromium 200.8 ug/L 10 16 40 2Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 10 4.8 20 1Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 100Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 1Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 50 540 10,000 830Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 5Mercury 1631E ng/L 20,000 4,830 10,100 24Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 2Selenium 200.8 ug/L 10 3.1 20 6Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 ND Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 48Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 3Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 1Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 10 8.4 50 1Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 3Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 ND Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 2
A-3 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews C

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL Con

Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 6Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 ND Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 150Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 3Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 3,20Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 ND Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 ND Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 ND Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 720Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 2Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 49Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 1Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 1Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 ND Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 47Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 3Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 7
A-4 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-1. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews C

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL Con

Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 3Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-5 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-2. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.38 5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 5 1.2 10 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 11 40 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 50 240 5,000 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 5 3.1 10 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 5 8.2 20 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 
A-6 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-2. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 50 540 10,000 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20,000 4,830 10,100 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 5 2.2 10 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 5 1.6 10 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 5 4.2 25 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 5 10 25 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 
A-7 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-2. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-8 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-3. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belew

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.38 5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 5 1.2 10 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 11 40 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 5 0.025 0.25 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 5 3.1 10 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 4Chromium 200.8 ug/L 5 8.2 20 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 
A-9 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-3. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belew

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20,000 4,830 10,100 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 5 2.2 10 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 5 1.6 10 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 5 10 25 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 3Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 
A-10 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. D – Laboratory duplicate RPD greater than method-specified criteria. Est – Estimated value. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-3. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belew

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 100 24.1 50.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-11 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-4. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.38 5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 5 1.2 10 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 11 40 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 10 6.1 20 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 10 16 40 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
A-12 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-4. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 20,000 4,830 10,100 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 10 4.5 20 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 10 3.1 20 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 10 20 50 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
A-13 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-4. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-14 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-5. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.38 5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 10 2.4 20 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 50 240 5,000 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 50 540 10,000 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
A-15 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-5. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
A-16 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-5. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-17 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-6. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 2 0.038 0.2 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.19 2.5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 10 2.4 20 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 
A-18 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-6. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 
A-19 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-6. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 2,000 483 1,010 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-20 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-7. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample-Specific QL Co

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 5 0.095 0.5 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.077 1 NBiochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 10 2.4 20 ND Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 7Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 2Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 ND Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 24Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 0Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 NBoron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 15Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 NCalcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 3,2Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 ND Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 N
A-21 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-7. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample-Specific QL Co

Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 ND Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 NMagnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 72Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 40Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 1Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 NSodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 4Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 0Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 ND Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 ND Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 ND Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 NBoron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 14Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 NCalcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 3,4
A-22 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-7. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample-Specific QL Co

Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 ND Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 NIron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 NMagnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 74Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 43Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 1Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 NSodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 49Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 0Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 ND Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 ND 
A-23 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-8. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 5 0.095 0.5 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.077 1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 10 2.4 20 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 
A-24 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-8. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 2,000 483 1,010 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 
A-25 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-8. Influent to the Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-26 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-9. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.077 1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 5 1.2 10 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 200 51 600 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.002 0.01 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 50 240 5,000 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 50 540 10,000 
A-27 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-9. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 200 48.3 101 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 
A-28 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-9. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-29 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-10. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews Cre

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.077 1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 5 1.2 10 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 3Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 
A-30 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-10. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews Cre

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 100 24.1 50.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 3Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 
A-31 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-10. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews Cre

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 20 4.83 10.1 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-32 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. H – Sample was prepared/analyzed beyond the specified holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-11. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belews Cre

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.077 1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 5 1.2 10 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total Metals Aluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 
A-33 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. H – Sample was prepared/analyzed beyond the specified holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-11. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belews Cre

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 100 24.1 50.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 
A-34 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. 4 – MS and/or MSD did not meet laboratory criteria, but sample concentration is four times greater than the matrix spike amount, so control limits are 

B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. H – Sample was prepared/analyzed beyond the specified holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-11. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belews Cre

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 10 2.41 5.05 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-35 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-12. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews Cre

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.077 1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 5 1.2 10 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
A-36 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-12. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews Cre

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 100 24.1 50.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
A-37 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-12. Effluent from the Bioreactor System, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews Cre

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 10 2.41 5.05 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-38 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-13. Duplicate of Influent to the Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Belews Cr

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 5 0.095 0.5 Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.077 1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 10 2.4 20 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
A-39 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-13. Duplicate of Influent to the Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Belews Cr

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 2,000 483 1,010 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 
A-40 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-13. Duplicate of Influent to the Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Belews Cr

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Mercury 1631E ng/L 4,000 965 2,020 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 Titanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-41 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-14. Duplicate of Effluent from the Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Belews C

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

ClassicalsAmmonia 350.1 mg/L 1 0.47 1 Nitrate Nitrite as N 353.2 mg/L 1 0.019 0.1 NNitrogen, Total Kjeldahl 351.2 mg/L 1 0.077 1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5210B mg/L 5 1.2 10 Chemical Oxygen Demand 410.4 mg/L 5 20 100 Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 130 1,500 Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 100 23 500 Cyanide, Total 4500 CN E mg/L 1 0.02 0.1 Total Dissolved Solids 2540C mg/L 1 47 100 Total Suspended Solids 2540D mg/L 1 1.1 4 Phosphorus, Total 365.1 mg/L 1 0.005 0.05 Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 3Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 
A-42 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-14. Duplicate of Effluent from the Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Belews C

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 2,000 483 1,010 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 50 170 5,000 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 50 1,700 10,000 3Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 1.96 10 
A-43 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. Est – Estimated value. F – MS and/or MSD not within laboratory control limits. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. T – Temperature at time of receipt was above the method control criteria. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-14. Duplicate of Effluent from the Bioreactor System Analytical Results, Belews C

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 Lead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 10 2.41 5.05 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-44 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

HDPE 250 ml Plastic Bottles – Bottle Blank (for metals and hexavalent chromium samples) 

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

HDPE 500 ml Plastic Bottles – Bottle Blank (for metals samples) 

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-45 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

125 ml Glass Bottles – Bottle Blank (for mercury composite samples)

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

250 ml Glass Bottles – Bottle Blank (for mercury grab samples)

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

LDPE 10 L Composite Bottles – Bottle Blank (sample composite bottle for dissolved/filtration pump-off)

Aluminuma EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L 4.71 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

LDPE 20 L Composite Bottles – Bottle Blank (sample composite bottle for dissolved/filtration pump-off)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-46 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved ug/L ND (0.50) 

Sample Tap Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (seven feet of #73 silicone tubing, Y-splitter, and two pieces of 5 

feet of #24 silicone tubing for sample collection for mercury and metals from sample taps) 

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-47 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Pump-Off Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (Three feet of Teflon® tubing, 10 feet of #73 silicone tubing, Ysplitter, and two pieces of 5 feet of #24 silicone tubing for total and dissolved sample collection for metals)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

T-Splitter Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (Ten feet of #73 silicone tubing, T-splitter, six feet of #73 silicone 

tubing, and 15 feet of #73 silicone tubing for total and dissolved sample collection for metal composites)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (4.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.15) 

Barium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 
a

 Aluminum was detected in two equipment blanks for the 10-liter composite container at 2.53 ug/L and 4.71 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-48 

Table A-15. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Boron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (3.0) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Calcium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (40) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Iron EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (10) 

Lead EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.040) 

Magnesium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (2.5) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.00050) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.060) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.60) 

Silver EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.020) 

Sodium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (20) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.0050) 

Tin EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Titanium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.50) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.10) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Total Recoverable ug/L ND (0.20) 
A-49 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit).

Table A-16. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 NChromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 NManganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 NThallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 N
A-50 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit).

Table A-16. Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 Manganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 Thallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-51 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit).

Table A-17. Influent to the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 NAntimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 NCadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 NManganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 NThallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 N
A-52 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit).

Table A-17. Influent to the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 Chromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 NManganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 NThallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-53 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit).

Table A-18. Influent to the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 
A-54 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit).

Table A-19. Influent to the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 
A-55 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. 

Table A-20. Influent to the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belews 

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 
A-56 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-21. Effluent from the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belew

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Total MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 NCadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 NChromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 NManganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Mercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 NThallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 Dissolved MetalsAluminum 200.7 ug/L 2 9.4 200 N
A-57 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). ^ - ICV, CCV, ICB, CCB, ISA, ISB, CRI, or MRL standard: Instrument related QC exceeds the control limits. B – Analyte was found in the blank and sample. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the quantitation limit. U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-21. Effluent from the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Results, Belew

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Antimony 200.8 ug/L 2 0.72 2 Arsenic 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Barium 200.7 ug/L 2 2.5 20 Beryllium 200.7 ug/L 2 0.71 2 Boron 200.7 ug/L 2 6.7 200 Cadmium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.2 4 Calcium 200.7 ug/L 2 69 400 NChromium 200.8 ug/L 2 3.3 8 Chromium (VI) 218.6 ug/L 1 0.39 2 Cobalt 200.7 ug/L 2 1.1 20 Copper 200.8 ug/L 2 0.96 4 Iron 200.7 ug/L 2 32 200 NLead 200.8 ug/L 2 0.73 2 Magnesium 200.7 ug/L 2 21 400 NManganese 200.7 ug/L 2 0.51 20 Molybdenum 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 40 Nickel 200.8 ug/L 2 0.89 4 Selenium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.62 4 Silver 200.8 ug/L 2 0.59 2 Sodium 200.7 ug/L 2 180 10,000 NThallium 200.8 ug/L 2 0.47 2 Tin 200.7 ug/L 2 4.8 200 NTitanium 200.7 ug/L 2 1.6 20 Vanadium 200.8 ug/L 2 1.7 10 Zinc 200.8 ug/L 2 4.1 10 
A-58 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-22. Effluent from the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Results, Belew

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 
A-59 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-23. Effluent from the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 3 Analytical Results, Belew

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 
A-60 

ND – Not detected (number in parentheses is the quantitation limit). U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the quantitation limit). 

Table A-24. Effluent from the Bioreactor System Field Blank, Day 4 Analytical Results, Belew

Analyte Method Units

Dilution 

Factor

SampleSpecific MDL Sample- Specific QL 

Total MetalsMercury 1631E ng/L 1 0.24 0.5 
Appendix B 

DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES 
Appendix C 

PICTURES FROM THE SAMPLING EPISODE 
C-1 

Figure C-1. Sampler Working Inside a “Cleanbox” 
C-2 

Figure C-2. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Influent to the FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System 
C-3 

Figure C-3. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Pump-Off Station 
C-4 

Figure C-4. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Influent to the Bioreactor System 
C-5 

Figure C-5. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Effluent from the Bioreactor System