II 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 230 

To improve railroad safety. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEBRUARY 1, 2005 

Mr. SCHUMER (for himself and Mr. GRAHAM) introduced the following bill; 

which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, 

Science, and Transportation 

A BILL 

To improve railroad safety. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Railroad Crossing and 

5 Hazardous Materials Transport Safety Act of 2005’’. 

6 SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

7 The table of contents of this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title. 

Sec. 2. Table of contents. 

TITLE I—RAIL CROSSING SAFETY 

Sec. 101. Review of safety of highway-rail grade crossings. 

Sec. 102. Highway-rail grade crossing safety. 

Sec. 103. Deputy Administrator for Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Safety. 

Sec. 104. Employment of safety investigation personnel. 
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Sec. 105. Increased civil penalties for violations of requirements related to highway-rail grade crossing safety. 

Sec. 106. Highway-rail grade crossing defined. 

Sec. 107. Authorization of appropriations. 

TITLE II—SAFE TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 

Sec. 201. Increased civil penalties for violations of rules regarding transportation of hazardous materials. 

Sec. 202. Authority to remove railroad cars from service. 

Sec. 203. Revocation of compliance orders. 

Sec. 204. Safety Inspections of railroad cars carrying hazardous materials. 

Sec. 205. Requirement for railroad carriers to provide hazardous materials 

lists. 

Sec. 206. Miscellaneous amendments to chapter 51 of title 49.

Sec. 207. Replacement of manual switches. 

Sec. 208. Employment of hazardous materials inspectors. 

Sec. 209. Deployment of positive train control systems. 

Sec. 210. Rail car separation. 

Sec. 211. Dynamic tank car standards. 

1 TITLE I—RAIL CROSSING 

2 SAFETY 

3 SEC. 101. REVIEW OF SAFETY OF HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE 

4 CROSSINGS. 

5 (a) REVIEW.—The Secretary of Transportation shall 

6 conduct a comprehensive review of the safety of all high7 way-rail grade crossings in the United States. The matters 

8 reviewed shall include security measures, safety condi9 tions, past accidents, and possible safety improvements. 

10 In the conduct of the review, the Secretary shall determine 

11 whether it is advisable to close any of the highway-rail 

12 grade crossings. 

13 (b) PRIORITY LIST.—Based on the information col14 lected in subsection (a), the Secretary shall compile, main15 tain, and submit to Congress a list of the 10,000 highway16 rail grade crossings most in need of safety improvements. 
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1 The information considered shall include, among other in2 formation, the population density near the highway-rail 

3 grade crossings and the number of accidents and incidents 

4 at crossings that are reported to the Federal Railway Ad5 ministration. 

6 (c) INCLUSION IN HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSSING

7 DATABASE.—The Secretary shall include the information 

8 collected under subsection (a) and the priority list sub9 mitted under subsection (b) in the national database on 

10 the safety of highway-rail grade crossings required under 

11 section 20154(a) of title 49, United States Code (as added 

12 by section 102). 

13 SEC. 102. HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSSING SAFETY. 

14 (a) HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSSING SAFETY.— 

15 Subchapter II of chapter 201 of title 49, United States 

16 Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new 

17 section: 

18 ‘‘§ 20154. Highway-rail grade crossing safety 

19 ‘‘(a) DATABASE OF HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSS20 ING SAFETY INFORMATION.— 

21 ‘‘(1) REQUIREMENT FOR DATABASE.—The Sec22 retary of Transportation shall maintain a national 

23 database of information on the safety of highway24 rail grade crossings in the United States. 
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1 ‘‘(2) ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT REPORTS TO BE

2 INCLUDED.—The Secretary shall include in the 

3 database under paragraph (1), with other informa4 tion on the safety of highway-rail grade crossings, 

5 information from incident reports filed with the Fed6 eral Railroad Administration regarding accidents 

7 and other safety-related incidents that have occurred 

8 at highway-rail grade crossings, including reports 

9 submitted under paragraph (1) of subsection (c) and 

10 the results of investigations under paragraph (2) of 

11 such subsection. 

12 ‘‘(b) INVESTIGATIONS OF FATAL ACCIDENTS.—The 

13 Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration 

14 shall conduct an investigation regarding the cause of each 

15 fatal accident that occurs at a highway-rail grade crossing. 

16 ‘‘(c) ACCIDENT REPORTS.—The Secretary of Trans17 portation, in consultation with the Administrator of the 

18 Federal Railroad Administration, shall prescribe regula19 tions— 

20 ‘‘(1) requiring that, not later than 7 days after 

21 being involved in an accident at a highway-rail grade 

22 crossing, a railroad carrier submit to the Adminis23 trator an accident report on that accident as pre24 scribed by the FRA Guide for Preparing Accident/ 

25 Incident Reports; and 
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1 ‘‘(2) providing for a railroad carrier to be sub2 ject to a civil penalty of $10,000 for each day after 

3 the last day on which the report is due that the rail4 road carrier fails to submit such report. 

5 ‘‘(d) CROSSING MALFUNCTION REPORTS.—The Sec6 retary of Transportation, in consultation with the Admin7 istrator of the Federal Railroad Administration, shall pre8 scribe regulations— 

9 ‘‘(1) requiring that a railroad carrier submit to 

10 the Administrator a Highway Rail-Grade Crossing 

11 Warning System Report regarding an activation fail12 ure of a highway-rail grade crossing warning system 

13 not later than 5 days after the railroad carrier is on 

14 notice of such failure; and 

15 ‘‘(2) providing for a railroad carrier to be sub16 ject to a civil penalty of $5,000 for each day after 

17 the last day on which the report is due that the rail18 road carrier fails to submit such report. 

19 ‘‘(e) SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS.—The Secretary of 

20 Transportation, in consultation with the Administrator of 

21 the Federal Railroad Administration, shall prescribe regu22 lations for improving the safety, maintenance, and surveil23 lance of highway-rail grade crossings, including regula24 tions that— 
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1 ‘‘(1) provide for installing surveillance cameras 

2 at crossings where one or more fatal accidents have 

3 occurred; 

4 ‘‘(2) provide for a system of annual inspection 

5 of every crossing by a State or Federal inspector to 

6 ensure that automated safety systems are in working 

7 order, that there is no vegetation or other obstruc8 tion blocking the view of crossing warning signs at 

9 critical locations in approaches to crossings, and 

10 that appropriate crossing warning signs and other 

11 safety measures are in place; and 

12 ‘‘(3) provide for installing redundant automated 

13 warning systems at each crossing where the volume 

14 of motor vehicle traffic traversing that crossing is 

15 within the highest 10 percent of volumes of tra16 versing motor vehicle traffic per highway-rail grade 

17 crossing in the United States. 

18 ‘‘(f) COOPERATION WITH FEDERAL RAILROAD AD19 MINISTRATION.—(1) The Administrator of the Federal 

20 Railroad Administration shall— 

21 ‘‘(A) identify any public or private entity that 

22 prevents the Administrator from making necessary 

23 safety improvements at a highway-rail grade cross24 ing included on the priority list of dangerous cross25 ings submitted to Congress by the Secretary of 
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1 Transportation under section 101(b) of the Railroad 

2 Crossing and Hazardous Materials Transport Safety 

3 Act of 2005; 

4 ‘‘(B) submit to the Secretary of Transpor5 tation— 

6 ‘‘(i) a list of the public and private entities 

7 identified pursuant to subparagraph (A); and 

8 ‘‘(ii) recommendations for withholding 

9 from such public entities funds in the amounts 

10 specified under paragraph (3) that are other11 wise to be disbursed from the Highway Trust 

12 Fund during the fiscal year in which such de13 termination is made; and 

14 ‘‘(C) submit to the committees of Congress 

15 named in paragraph (2)— 

16 ‘‘(i) a list of the public and private entities 

17 identified pursuant to subparagraph (A); and 

18 ‘‘(ii) a report on the recommendations 

19 made pursuant to subparagraph (B)(ii). 

20 ‘‘(2) The committees of Congress referred to in para21 graph (1)(B) are as follows: 

22 ‘‘(A) The Committee on Commerce, Science, 

23 and Transportation of the Senate. 

24 ‘‘(B) The Committee on Transportation and In25 frastructure of the House of Representatives. 
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1 ‘‘(C) The Committee on Banking, Housing, and 

2 Urban Affairs of the Senate. 

3 ‘‘(D) The Committee on Financial Services of 

4 the House of Representatives. 

5 ‘‘(E) The Committee on Environment and Pub6 lic Works of the Senate. 

7 ‘‘(3) The amounts referred to in paragraph (1)(B) 

8 are the percentages of the funds apportioned to the State 

9 of the relevant public entity for fiscal year 2004 under 

10 paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) of title 23, 

11 United States Code, as follows: 

12 ‘‘(A) For fiscal year 2005, 2 percent. 

13 ‘‘(B) For fiscal year 2006, 4 percent. 

14 ‘‘(C) For fiscal year 2007, 6 percent. 

15 ‘‘(D) For fiscal year 2008, and each fiscal year 

16 thereafter, 8 percent. 

17 ‘‘(g) ACCIDENT DEFINED.—For purposes of this sec18 tion, the term ‘accident’ means an impact between on19 track railroad equipment and an automobile, bus, truck, 

20 motorcycle, bicycle, farm vehicle, or pedestrian.’’. 

21 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 

22 at the beginning of such chapter is amended by adding 

23 at the end the following new item: 

‘‘20154. Highway-rail grade crossing safety.’’. 
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1 SEC. 103. DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR FOR HIGHWAY-RAIL 

2 GRADE CROSSING SAFETY. 

3 Section 103 of title 49, United States Code, is 

4 amended by adding at the end the following new sub5 section: 

6 ‘‘(f)(1) There is a Deputy Administrator of the Fed7 eral Railroad Administration for Highway-Rail Grade 

8 Crossing Safety in the Federal Railroad Administration. 

9 The Administrator shall appoint the Deputy Adminis10 trator. 

11 ‘‘(2) The Deputy Administrator shall have the fol12 lowing duties: 

13 ‘‘(A) Developing and evaluating policies related 

14 to improving nationally the safety of highway-rail 

15 grade crossings. 

16 ‘‘(B) Advising the Administrator, the Secretary 

17 of Transportation, and Congress regarding the sta18 tus of— 

19 ‘‘(i) efforts to improve the safety of high20 way-rail grade crossings; 

21 ‘‘(ii) pending investigations of accidents 

22 and other safety-related incidents that have oc23 curred at highway-rail grade crossings; and 

24 ‘‘(iii) pending civil and criminal actions re25 lated to highway-rail grade crossing safety. 
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1 ‘‘(C) Evaluating the efforts of railroad carriers 

2 to improve safety measures related to highway-rail 

3 grade crossings. 

4 ‘‘(D) Monitoring actions taken by railroad car5 riers in response to failures of highway-rail grade 

6 crossing warning systems. 

7 ‘‘(E) Monitoring the progress of, and ensuring 

8 the expeditious completion of, Federal Railroad Ad9 ministration investigations of accidents and other 

10 safety-related incidents that have occurred at high11 way-rail grade crossings. 

12 ‘‘(F) Ensuring that fair and adequate penalties 

13 are imposed for safety violations related to highway14 rail grade crossings, including by— 

15 ‘‘(i) advising the Chief Counsel of the Fed16 eral Railroad Administration regarding penalty 

17 decisions; 

18 ‘‘(ii) submitting an annual report to Con19 gress on penalties assessed for such violations, 

20 including information on the minimum and 

21 maximum possible fines, the initial fine rec22 ommendations, and the fines actually imposed; 

23 and 

24 ‘‘(iii) consulting with the Secretary of 

25 Transportation and the Attorney General to en-
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1 sure that railroad carriers responsible for such 

2 violations are consistently fined fairly and in ac3 cordance with the law. 

4 ‘‘(G) Establishing priorities and prescribing 

5 regulations related to improving highway-rail grade 

6 crossing safety.’’. 

7 SEC. 104. EMPLOYMENT OF SAFETY INVESTIGATION PER8 SONNEL. 

9 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than one year after the 

10 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Trans11 portation shall employ 50 grade crossing inspectors to con12 duct annual safety reviews, including reviews in connection 

13 with the comprehensive review required under section 101. 

14 (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

15 are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 

16 necessary for the purpose of carrying out this section. 

17 SEC. 105. INCREASED CIVIL PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS 

18 OF REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO HIGHWAY19 RAIL GRADE CROSSING SAFETY. 

20 (a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 201 of 

21 title 49, United States Code (as amended by section 102), 

22 is further amended by adding at the end the following new 

23 section: 
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1 ‘‘§ 20155. Civil penalties for violations of require2 ments related to highway-rail grade 

3 crossing safety 

4 ‘‘The Secretary of Transportation, in consultation 

5 with the Administrator of the Federal Railroad Adminis6 tration, shall prescribe regulations providing that a rail7 road carrier that knowingly violates, or knowingly causes 

8 a violation of, a requirement related to highway-rail grade 

9 crossing safety that is applicable to such carrier under this 

10 subchapter is liable to the United States Government— 

11 ‘‘(1) for a civil penalty of at least $1,000,000, 

12 but not more than $20,000,000, in the case of a vio13 lation involving gross negligence and resulting in a 

14 fatal accident; 

15 ‘‘(2) for a civil penalty of at least $25,000, but 

16 not more than $10,000,000, in the case of a viola17 tion involving gross negligence and not resulting in 

18 a fatal accident; or 

19 ‘‘(3) for a civil penalty of at least $10,000, but 

20 not more than $1,000,000, in the case of a violation 

21 not involving gross negligence.’’. 

22 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 

23 at the beginning of such chapter (as amended by section 

24 102(b)) is further amended by adding at the end the fol25 lowing new item: 
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‘‘20155. Civil penalties for violations of requirements related to highway-rail 

grade crossing safety.’’. 

1 SEC. 106. HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSSING DEFINED. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—In this Act, the term ‘‘highway3 rail grade crossing’’ means any street or highway crossing 

4 over a line of railroad at grade. 

5 (b) DEFINITION FOR CHAPTER 201 OF TITLE 49.— 

6 Section 20102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended 

7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 

8 ‘‘(3) ‘highway-rail grade crossing’ means any 

9 street or highway crossing over a line of railroad at 

10 grade.’’. 

11 (c) REPEAL OF SUPERSEDED PROVISION.—Section 

12 20153(a) of such title is amended— 

13 (1) by striking paragraph (1); and 

14 (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as 

15 paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively. 

16 SEC. 107. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

17 (a) SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS.—There is authorized to 

18 be appropriated for each of fiscal years 2005 through 

19 2010, $400,000,000 for safety improvements, including 

20 the purchasing, installation, and maintenance by the Ad21 ministrator of the Federal Railroad Administration of 

22 safety equipment and devices, at highway-rail grade cross23 ings, of which not less than $100,000,000 shall be avail24 able for such safety improvements at highway-rail grade 
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1 crossings that are included on the priority list of dan2 gerous crossings submitted to Congress under section 

3 101(b). 

4 (b) GRANTS FOR SAFETY ENFORCEMENT.—There is 

5 authorized to be appropriated $50,000,000 in each of fis6 cal years 2005 through 2010 for grants to State and local 

7 law enforcement agencies for the support of the enforce8 ment of traffic safety laws and regulations at highway9 rail grade crossings. 

10 TITLE II—SAFE TRANSPORT OF 

11 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 

12 SEC. 201. INCREASED CIVIL PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS 

13 OF RULES REGARDING TRANSPORTATION OF 

14 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 

15 Section 5123(a) of title 49, United States Code, is 

16 amended— 

17 (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and 

18 (B) as clauses (i) and (ii), respectively; 

19 (2) by striking ‘‘(1) A person’’ and inserting 

20 ‘‘(1)(A) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a per21 son’’; 

22 (3) by redesignating paragraph (2) as subpara23 graph (B); and 
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1 (4) by inserting after subparagraph (B) (as re2 designated by paragraph (3)) the following new 

3 paragraph: 

4 ‘‘(2) A railroad carrier that knowingly violates a reg5 ulation prescribed or order issued under this chapter is 

6 liable to the United States Government— 

7 ‘‘(A) for a civil penalty of at least $50,000 but 

8 not more than $10,000,000 in the case of a violation 

9 involving gross negligence and resulting in a fatal 

10 accident; 

11 ‘‘(B) for a civil penalty of at least $5,000 but 

12 not more than $2,500,000 in the case of a violation 

13 involving gross negligence and not resulting in a 

14 fatal accident; or 

15 ‘‘(C) for a civil penalty of at least $5,000 but 

16 not more than $50,000 in the case of a violation not 

17 involving gross negligence.’’. 

18 SEC. 202. AUTHORITY TO REMOVE RAILROAD CARS FROM 

19 SERVICE. 

20 Chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code, is amend21 ed by adding at the end the following new section: 

22 ‘‘§ 5128. Removal of rail cars from service 

23 ‘‘The Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe reg24 ulations authorizing hazardous materials inspectors to im25 mediately remove railroad cars from service upon deter-
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1 mining that such removal is necessary for the protection 

2 of the public health and safety.’’. 

3 SEC. 203. REVOCATION OF COMPLIANCE ORDERS. 

4 Chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code (as 

5 amended by section 202) is further amended by adding 

6 at the end the following new section: 

7 ‘‘§ 5129. Revocation of compliance orders for certain 

8 railroad carriers 

9 ‘‘The Administrator of the Federal Railroad Adminis10 tration shall revoke and renegotiate any compliance order 

11 issued under this chapter the gross violation of which by 

12 a railroad carrier results in a derailment or other accident 

13 involving railroad cars transporting hazardous mate14 rials.’’. 

15 SEC. 204. SAFETY INSPECTIONS OF RAILROAD CARS CAR16 RYING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. 

17 Chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code (as 

18 amended by section 203) is further amended by adding 

19 at the end the following new section: 

20 ‘‘§ 5130. Age limits for railroad cars carrying haz21 ardous materials 

22 ‘‘(a) NEWER RAILROAD CARS.—A railroad car manu23 factured after the date of the enactment of the Railroad 

24 Crossing and Hazardous Materials Transport Safety Act 

25 of 2005 may not be used to carry hazardous materials un-
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1 less such car passes a safety inspection as prescribed by 

2 Federal regulations at least once every 15 years. 

3 ‘‘(b) OLDER RAILROAD CARS.—A railroad car manu4 factured before the date of the enactment of the Railroad 

5 Crossing and Hazardous Materials Transport Safety Act 

6 of 2005 may not be used to carry hazardous materials un7 less such car— 

8 ‘‘(1) passes a safety inspection as prescribed by 

9 Federal regulations not later than 1 year after such 

10 date of enactment; and 

11 ‘‘(2) passes a safety inspection as prescribed by 

12 Federal regulations at least once every 15 years 

13 thereafter. 

14 ‘‘(b) DATE OF MANUFACTURE.—For the purposes of 

15 this section, the date of manufacture of a railroad car is 

16 the date on which such car is put into service.’’. 

17 SEC. 205. REQUIREMENT FOR RAILROAD CARRIERS TO 

18 PROVIDE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LISTS. 

19 Chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code (as 

20 amended by section 204) is further amended by adding 

21 at the end the following new section: 

22 ‘‘§ 5131. Requirement for railroad carriers to provide 

23 hazardous materials lists 

24 ‘‘(a) AUTHORITY TO REQUEST LIST.—A State home25 land security coordinator may, up to 12 times in a 12- 
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1 month period, request from a rail carrier a comprehensive 

2 list of all hazardous materials scheduled to be transported 

3 through such State during any 6-month period. 

4 ‘‘(b) REQUIREMENT TO PROVIDE LIST.—Not later 

5 than 30 days after receiving a request from a State home6 land security coordinator under subsection (a), a railroad 

7 carrier shall submit the requested list to such coordinator. 

8 ‘‘(c) SCOPE OF INFORMATION.—A railroad carrier 

9 submitting a list under this section shall not be required 

10 to include on such list information relating to the specific 

11 times, locations, or amounts of shipments of hazardous 

12 materials.’’. 

13 SEC. 206. MISCELLANEOUS AMENDMENTS TO CHAPTER 51 

14 OF TITLE 49. 

15 (a) DEFINITION OF RAILROAD CARRIER.—Section 

16 5102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by add17 ing at the end the following new paragraph: 

18 ‘‘(14) ‘railroad carrier’ has the meaning given 

19 that term in section 20102 of this title.’’. 

20 (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections 

21 at the beginning of chapter 51 of title 49 is amended by 

22 adding at the end the following new items: 

‘‘5128. Removal of rail cars from service. 

‘‘5129. Revocation of compliance orders for certain railroad carriers. 

‘‘5130. Age limits for railroad cars carrying hazardous materials. 

‘‘5131. Requirement for railroad carriers to provide hazardous materials lists.’’. 
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1 SEC. 207. REPLACEMENT OF MANUAL SWITCHES. 

2 The Administrator of the Federal Railroad Adminis3 tration shall— 

4 (1) not later than one year after the date of the 

5 enactment of this Act, conduct a nationwide review 

6 to determine and identify the manual railroad track 

7 switches in the United States that are most in need 

8 of maintenance and upgrades, based on such criteria 

9 as population density near the highway-rail grade 

10 crossings and the number and severity of accidents 

11 and incidents at crossings that are reported to the 

12 Federal Railroad Administration; 

13 (2) not later than 60 days after the date of the 

14 enactment of this Act, compile and submit to Con15 gress a list of the criteria to be used in the nation16 wide review under paragraph (1); 

17 (3) submit to Congress not later than one year 

18 after the date of the enactment of this Act a report 

19 making recommendations for the replacement of the 

20 switches most in need of maintenance and upgrades; 

21 and 

22 (4) seek, not later than 5 years after the date 

23 of the enactment of this Act, to reduce by half the 

24 number of switches included in the report submitted 

25 under paragraph (3). 
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1 SEC. 208. EMPLOYMENT OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN2 SPECTORS. 

3 (a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 5 years after the 

4 date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of 

5 the Federal Railroad Administration shall double the num6 ber of hazardous materials inspectors employed by the 

7 Federal Railroad Administration as of the date of the en8 actment of this Act. 

9 (b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There 

10 are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 

11 necessary for the purpose of carrying out this title. 

12 SEC. 209. DEPLOYMENT OF POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL SYS13 TEMS. 

14 Not later than one year after the date of the enact15 ment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Rail16 road Administration shall submit to Congress a report on 

17 the deployment nationally of positive train control sys18 tems. 

19 SEC. 210. RAIL CAR SEPARATION. 

20 Not later than one year after the date of the enact21 ment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Rail22 road Administration shall submit to Congress a report 

23 making recommendations related to best practices for rail 

24 car separation to ensure the safe transport of hazardous 

25 materials. 
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1 SEC. 211. DYNAMIC TANK CAR STANDARDS. 

2 The Administrator of the Federal Railroad Adminis3 tration shall— 

4 (1) not later than one year after the date of the 

5 enactment of this Act, validate the predictive model 

6 the Administration is developing to quantify the rel7 evant dynamic forces acting on railroad tank cars 

8 under accident conditions; and 

9 (2) not later than 18 months after the date of 

10 the enactment of this Act, initiate a rulemaking to 

11 develop and implement appropriate design standards 

12 for pressurized tank cars. 

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