Appliances & Commercial Equipment Standards: Distribution Transformers

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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

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Distribution Transformers

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975

established an energy conservation program for major household

appliances. The National Energy Conservation Policy Act of 1978

amended EPCA to add Part C of Title III, which established an

energy conservation program for certain industrial equipment.

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 amended EPCA to add certain

commercial equipment, including distribution transformers.

The Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program conducts the

program that develops equipment energy conservation standards

and has overall responsibility for rulemaking activities for

distribution transformers in fulfillment of the law.

The U.S. Department of Energy has published the final rule for

the Distribution Transformers Energy Conservation Standard

Rulemaking, 72 FR 58190 (October 12, 2007). The Department

has determined that energy conservation standards for liquidimmersed and medium-voltage, dry-type distribution

transformers will result in significant conservation of energy, are

technologically feasible, and are economically justified.

Some of the following documents are available as Adobe Acrobat

PDFs . Duwn1o:Fri

Energy Conservation Standard

• Final Rule

• Notice of Data Availability (PDF 154 KS)

• N }Y!+ q T_f^ra^^. c ^l.le_r c kii.,^ ! NJON

• Draft Analyses for l\IOPR (August 5, 2005)

• Advance N ti e_of_Pr3pn5ed ul nial ing

• l rci! ' i t#i see- PjOl ti#13

• Framework Document (i?D r i0%B I 'Q)

September 28, 2006, email message to all Distribution

Transformer stakeholders (PDF 18 KB)

Test Procedure

• Technical Correction to the Test Procedures for Distribution

Transformers Final Rule , Federal Register, October 16,

2006 (!'t.r, S t'•3)

• Paperwork Reduction Action Submission Pertaining to Test

Procedures for Distribution Transformers Final Rule,

October 13, 2006 (PUP firs KB)

• Final Rule Test Procedures for Distribution Transformers,

Federal Register, April 27, 2006 ({ F. ?'GP JK)

• Proposed Information Collection, Federal Register , April 27,

http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/distribution transformers.html 11/19/2007

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
Appliances & Commercial Equipment Standards: Distribution Transformers

2006 (P[ 'F 49 K )

• Si rir^ri';a_n ii fVt7`I C '^. .Pr ^i+J:e.!_il RuIF_.;frii iti_n1

• Nzo! I r t ! 1-11 Tilt r irtit f )I'; i r r r n°-F;} r<..;:1 f r

Prr e k'r,°_s for "^;l I ! tir:li ons` xr &r , June 23, 1999

• Pi d E=llk 1 November 12, 1998

Deterrainati :sz ,^Iallysis

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Public Meetings and Meeting Materials

• ^I__,.I tid ^_!]n e Vaf4, li 'iI u la'n A". )1'R_t=

• :^flr-:^}%,!^tl r s ^s lLFli 1?';;nc.l3:t"Ci 4.`'( PR

Contact Information

AlItomi k -"3LIZC,

Project Manager for Distribution Transformer Energy

Conservation Standards

(202) 586-4563

PrIr:Cdf±l^9 Si"r ir,•i

;fJ(.'!7 rrrs .`sC:;- a ,-i Irr) & Pn < i r' I Building Techno logies larng:-an 11niTIQ I I-cf?E Home

U.S. Department of Energy

Content Last Updated: 11/15/2007

Page 2 of 2

http://www.eere.energy. gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/distribution transformers .html 11/19/2007

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
Appliances & Commercial Equipment Standards: Distribution Transformers

U.Sr nt ofEWW

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

I t `1•-^rr

MENELUMIDW

Nroprnm ArKas l `s' °I i _ i_ I^___ __

Distribution Transformers

Energy Conservation Standard

The U.S. Department of Energy has published the final rule for

the Distribution Transformers Energy Conservation Standard

Rulemaking . The Department has determined that energy

conservation standards for liquid-immersed and medium-voltage,

dry-type distribution transformers will result in significant

conservation of energy, are technologically feasible, and are

economically justified. On this basis , the Department is adopting

energy conservation standards for liquid-immersed and mediumvoltage, dry-type distribution transformers.

A oul: stail Liar-d5

Ln VI+:F SC Fd r't^+Afs t!^tityt.

EPFCT 2005 '1est

Proce dures

Peer Review

Irrlrti•n etlott lte^zraarce,s

yeoticas & Rules

Schedule Sed.irv_,

Public works h ops fit

He.srfngs

State ir; iatrr,i i

1lscluf Lat s

Cot ii 'rciai Equf mt in

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Drstribution Transformers

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Pe,7,il (ration Egl.iiprrter.t

small Electric: J1otor!+

Ptaar, Puri ip^

Residential Prrodtrrts

Some of the following documents are available as Adobe Acrobat

PDFs

• Final Rule Federal Register Notice, Federal Register,

October 12, 2007 (111d' 1.6 F118)

• Finding of No Significant Impact, Federal Register,

November 9, 2007 (r'C)F k? 4:E)

• Fin,a RVle_"r: hn,i_c it Siif^l>cr r• DC? umLnt

l:tr! nt it le ;iersii.:n

^.1f 1,1 ^r7,t„ I Li :r,!t_1' I Build to 1t cIi olo.gies Ptt:yrar}_I I isir I EERE Home

U.S. Department of Energy

Content Last Updated : 11/15/2007

Page 1 of 1

http ://www.eere.energy . gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/distribution transformers_final... 11/19/2007

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
APPENDIX 5B. SCALING RELATIONSHIPS IN TRANSFORMER

MANUFACTURING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5B.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................... 5B-1

5B.2 THEORY AND BASIS FOR SCALING RULES ............................ 5B-4

5B.2.1 Power and Voltage Equations ............................... 5B-4

5B.2.2 Losses ................................................... 5B-5

5B.2.3 Output and Winding Coefficients ........................... 5B-10

5B.2.4 Scaling Laws ...........................................5B-11

LIST OF TABLES

Table 5B.1 Common Scaling Relationships in Transformers ......................... 5B-2

Table 5B.2 Nominal 60 Hz, Core-Type, Liquid-Filled, 12 kV Distribution Transformers . . 5B-11

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 5B.1 Size and Performance Relationships by kVA Rating ..................... 5B-3

Figure 5B.2 Basic Three-Phase Transformer Dimensions ........................... 5B-12

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
APPENDIX 5B. SCALING RELATIONSHIPS IN TRANSFORMER

MANUFACTURING

5B.1 INTRODUCTION

There exist certain fundamental relationships between the ratings in kilovolt-amperes

(kVA) of transformers and their physical size and performance. A rather obvious such

relationship is the fact that large transformers of the same voltage have lower percentage losses

than small units, i.e., large transformers are more efficient. These size-versus-performance

relationships arise from fundamental equations describing a transformer's voltage and kVA

rating. For example, by fixing the kVA rating and voltage frequency, the product of the

conductor current density, core flux density, core cross-sectional area, and total conductor

cross-sectional area is constant.

To illustrate this point, consider a transformer with frequency, magnetic flux density,

current density, and basic impulse insulation levels (BIL) all fixed. If one enlarges (or decreases)

the kVA rating, then the only free parameters are the core cross-section and the core window area

through which the windings pass. Thus, to increase (or decrease) the kVA rating, the dimensions

for height, width, and depth of the core/coil assembly may be scaled equally in all directions.

Careful examination reveals that linear dimensions vary as the ratio of kVA ratings to the 1/4

power. Similarly, areas vary as the ratios of kVA ratings to the '/2 power and volumes vary as the

ratio of the kVA ratings to the 3/4 or 0.75 power. Hence the term "0.75 scaling rule." Table 5B.1

depicts the most common scaling relationships in transformers.

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
Table 5B.1 Common Scaling Relationships in Transformers

Parameter Being Scaled Relationship to kVA Rating

(varies with ratio of kVAX)

Weight (kVAI/kVAo)3/4

Cost (kVAI/kVAo)3/4

Length (kVAI/kVAo)U4

Width (kVAI/kVAo)1/4

Height (kVAI/kVAo)1/4

Total Losses (kVAI/kVAo)3/4

No-load Losses (kVAI/kVAo)3/4

Exciting Current (kVAI/kVA0)3/4

% Total Loss (kVAI/kVAo)-v4

% No Load Loss (kVAI/kVA0)-'/4

% Exciting Current (kVAI/kVAo)-'/4

% Resistance (R) (kVAI/kVAo)-`/4

% Reactance (X) (kVAI/kVAo)'/4

Volts/Turn (kVAI/kVAo)'/2

The three elements listed below are true as the kVA rating increases or decreases, if the

following factors are held constant: the type of transformer (distribution or power transformer,

liquid-filled or dry-type, single-phase or three-phase), the primary voltage, the core configuration,

the core material, the core flux density, and the current density (amperes per square inch of

conductor cross-section) in both the primary and secondary windings.

1. The physical proportions are constant (same relative shape),

2. The eddy loss proportion is essentially constant, and

3. The insulation space factor (voltage or BIL) is constant.

In practical applications, it is rare to find that all of the above are constant over even

limited ranges; however, over a range of one order of magnitude in both directions (e.g., from

50kVA to 5kVA or from 50kVA to 500kVA), the scaling rules shown in Table 5B.1 can be used

to establish reasonable estimates of performance, dimensions, costs, and losses. In practice,

these rules can be applied over even wider ranges to estimate general performance levels. The

same quantities are depicted graphically in Figure 5B. I for reference.

5B-2

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
10.00

Weight, Cost, Total

Loss, No-load loss,

Exciting Current -

0.75 power

-Volts/ turn - 0.5

power

0.10

1.00

0.1 1 10

Ratioq ofq kVA's q

Dimensions - Percent

Reactance 0.25 power

Percentage: No-load

Loss, Total Loss,

Resistance - -0.25

power

Figure 5B.1 Size and Performance Relationships by kVA Rating

To illustrate how the scaling laws are used, consider two transformers with kVA ratings

of So and S1. The no-load losses (NL) and total losses (TL) of these two transformers would be

depicted as NLo and TLo, and NL1 and TLI. Then the relationships between the NL and TL of the

two transformers could be shown as follows:

These two equations can be manipulated algebraically to show that the load loss also

varies to the 0.75 power. Starting with the concept that total losses equals no-load losses plus

load losses, one can derive the relationship for load loss (LL), and show that it also scales to the

0.75 power. Specifically:

LL1=TL1-NL1

Plugging the TLl and NLl terms into this equation:

LL=

5B-3

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
= (TL0 -[NLO )

That is,

LL, _

In this way, the 0.75 scaling rule can be used to derive the losses of a transformer,

knowing the losses of a reference unit, if the specified type of transformer is held constant, and

key parameters are fixed-such as the type of core material, core flux density, and conductor

current density in the high and low voltage windings.

5B.2 THEORY AND BASIS FOR SCALING RULES

To understand the origins of winding and output coefficients and related scaling laws, it

is necessary to review some basic equations and definitions. Most are lifted freely or derived

from similar material in Modern Power Transformer Practice, Wiley 1979, edited by R.

Feinberg.' No mathematics beyond elementary algebra is required, but a good deal of implied

physics and electrical engineering is required to fully appreciate these derivations.

5B.2.1 Power and Voltage Equations

The machine equation relates the induced volts, V, per phase to the number of turns (N)

the frequency (f) in Hertz, the peak core flux density Bm in Tesla, and the cross-sectional area of

the core steel (AFe) in square meters. The units are mixed to simplify the basic equations, a

common practice in transformer design texts. The machine equation is derived from Faraday's

law, which is expressed as

v=-NGat

where v is the instantaneous value of V, and -]is the derivative of changing magnetic flux

with respect to time. C9 t

Considering V as the root-mean-square (RMS) value of a sine-wave alternating current

voltage, the above equation can be converted into:

V/N = 4.44 f B. AFe Eq. 1

5B-4

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
The voltage and turns may apply to either the primary or the secondary winding and , for the ideal

transformer with no losses and no-leakage flux,

V1/V2 = N1/N2 = n = I2/I1

where V, and V2 represent primary and secondary voltages respectively, N, and N2 primary and

secondary turns, and I, and I2 primary and secondary currents in amperes (amps). The quantity n q

is referred to as the "turns ratio." With the parameters defined, and using Equation 1, the output

or transformer capacity (S) in megavolt-amperes (MVA) per phase can be expressed as:

S = 4.44 f B. AFe N I Eq. la

The overall cross-section of primary plus secondary conductors in square meters is

Acu = (N, a, + N2a2) x 10-6

and, assuming current densities for primary and secondary windings to be equal, then

Acu=2x 10-6Na

where "a" is the conductor cross-section in square millimeters (mm2) of an individual turn

referred to the winding with N turns, and a , and a2 are conductor cross -sections of primary and

secondary turns, respectively. As long as the winding current densities are equal, either winding

may be used as reference, provided the choice of primary or secondary is consistent. Starting

with Equation 1 a, using the Acu relationship explained above, and letting J represent current

density in amps per mm2:

S = 2.22 f Bm J AFeAcu Eq. 2

Let AW be the core window area in square meters, and k,,, the window space factor, as

given by 2 Acu /AW. (Refer to Figure 5B.2 and note that, in a three-phase transformer, there are

two coil phases occupying a given core window). This fraction is indicative of the insulation and

cooling channel requirements. For distribution transformers, kW is found to be about 0.3-0.4 for

nominal 12 kV systems. Using these definitions,

S = 1.11 fB.JAFek,AW Eq. 2a

Note that, for a given MVA rating, and specified flux and current densities, the product of

conductor and core cross-section is constant and inversely related; i.e. AFe a 1/Acu.

5B.2.2 Losses

Ideally, if the values of energy loss in Watts per kilogram (W/kg) of unit mass of the core

and windings are known, the total core and load losses (PFe and Pcu ) can be readily obtained.

5B-5

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
These results are accomplished by multiplying the W/kg for both core and windings by the core

mass and the conductor mass respectively (or by their volumes times material densities).

The Department uses the convention that lower case corresponds to per-unit quantities

and upper case corresponds to total or total-per-phase quantities. Load losses consist of resistive

(PR) and eddy (pi) components. Expressions can be derived that express each in terms of the

conductor properties and geometry. The fraction of eddy losses plays an important role and can

be expressed as

%Pi = 100 Pi/PR, or p = PR

Ignoring stray loss, (which is associated with eddy losses), let Pt represent total load loss

for a three-phase transformer. That is,

= 3Pc„

Also assume the same eddy loss fraction in primary and secondary windings.

/,TOLD 1 0/_n

Pc„= PR+Pi = PR+ PRI E

PR -k+1PR

100

Closely associated with the load loss of a transformer is its impedance. When the load

loss of a given transformer is determined by test (the watt-meter reading in the test circuit), that

same test also provides the value of the impedance (the voltmeter reading in the test circuit).

Impedance in a transformer is expressed in terms of the "impedance voltage," which is defined as

"the voltage required to circulate rated current through one of two specified windings of a

transformer when the other winding is short-circuited, with the windings connected as for rated

voltage operation" (IEEE C57.12.80).

For convenience, "percent impedance," %Z, is used to describe the impedance voltage of

a transformer. In accordance with the definition given above,

%Z= IZ x l00

V

that is, when related to the primary or secondary winding of a transformer, the percent impedance

is the percent voltage drop due to impedance when rated current flows through the respective

primary or secondary winding of the transformer.

The %Z may be represented by its resistive and reactive components, %R and %X, as

%Z = (

/

ai +Mox

) ^

5B-6

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
Therefore, one cc^an express percent resistance (%R) as follows:

%R =Lm^

JRIO

V

Note that R in the numerator must represent the total resistance in the transformer

windings. Therefore, if the transformer is being viewed from the primary terminals, the value of

R would be the total resistance of the primary winding, plus the total resistance of the secondary

winding referred to the primary winding, (R2(N,/N2)2).

Where the percent impedance, percent reactance , and percent resistance are related to the

voltage across the primary or secondary winding of a transformer, the percent load loss (%12R) is

related to the MVA capacity of the transformer, stray loss being ignored as stated previously.

Multiplying numerator and denominator in the above equation by I, and letting Pt

represent total load loss in watts and S represent the MVA per phase rating, one can determine

the percent load loss as:

Percent load loss =

%R=1C pt

3S

IZRx102 - 2 Rx102

IxV 3SxW

Thus, an expression of %R is equivalent to indicating the transformer's load loss.

From Equation 2, it is evident that, once the core flux density and current density are

fixed, the transformer rating is dependent on the core cross-section and window area. Next, one

can derive information about the window shape.

In a detailed discussion of the reactance, the electrical characteristics would depend on:

• the ratio of winding height (h) to the winding mean turn (s), and

• the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the core and conductor (AFe /Ac„ ).

The mean value of s (a linear measurement, recording the circumference), is given by the

equation s = (s, + s2)/2, where s, is the mean turn of the primary winding and s2 is the mean turn

of the secondary winding.

These ratios, together with the necessary space factors for insulating and cooling

clearances, establish the relative volumes of the core and conductor. Consequently, if fixed

values for the specific loadings and, therefore specific losses for core and conductor can be

assumed, the ratios of core loss and load loss are established.

5B-7

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
The following application of relationships derives an expression relating the flux and

current densities. The expression starts with:

P,, = (I2

1 R, +12

2R2 )ki,

where subscripts 1 and 2 indicate primary and secondary windings, respectively. The resistance

per phase of the primary winding is given by

where a, is the cross-sectional area of the primary copper conductor, and p is the resistivity at full

load operating temperature of the conductor, 21.4 x 10-3 ohm-meters. The value of R2 is similarly

obtained:

.•. Pcu =

Ilse

.•. Pc„ = IN (Oal 2'2 pki

a2 q

where IN is the ampere-turns in either winding . As before, the assumption of equal current

densities in the windings is made, driven by the condition for minimum I2R loss. Accordingly,

Pc„ = 21NJsp k;

J _C , the current density equation.

21Nspk.

Multiplying Equation 1 by I and rearranging algebraically, one gets:

IN=te

e

4.44M.AFe

5B-8

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
It was established earlier that S is the rating per phase in MVA, i.e., VI = 1065. Thus:

IN=L 1I

4.44fBmAFe

Using the current density equation, substituting the resistivity value for p, and the above

value for IN, one can derive that:

J =-

104 x 10^ fBmAFePCh

l sS

The watts of conductor loss (for copper) can be expressed as a percentage of the

transformer MVA rating:

P x 102

%Pa, _ S

or, in kilowatts:

%PCu =!° x102 =

0. lp

SxDY S

By substituting in the revised equation for J (amperes per square meter), one gets

J _ 104x i 6 fBmAF S x ° ?o, 1040x 1WfBmAFe x%P

kisS 0.1 l s ^`

Eq. 3

If aluminum windings were used instead of copper, a value of 655 would be substituted

for 1040. The expression assumes equal J in both windings, and that both windings are made of

the same material. The losses are expressed at operating temperature.

If J and Bm are chosen independently, the transformer will have a natural value of

conductor loss depending on the ratio AFe/s. Conversely, if losses are specified, the choice of J is

determined by Bm and AFe/s. Note that this relationship gives no information about the other

transformer dimensions. The impedance, voltage, and other space requirements provide the

majority of this information.

5B-9

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
5B.2.3 Output and Winding Coefficients

Starting with the output or power Equation 2, one can write:

S=222fB JA A or A

S

M Fe Cu

Fe 2.22 fBmJ Ac,,

Then, without changing the value, one can state:

AFe =

N

S2

(2.22f BmJ Ajr

AFe = _

v

rS AFe

(2.22f BmJ)(AC,)

Use KAS to represent the portion of Equation 4 to the right of. V J

Eq. 4

The expression KAS is essentially constant for a wide range of transformer classes and is

called the output coefficient. For three-phase, liquid-filled distribution transformers at 60 Hz, the

value of KAS ranges from 0.050 to 0.055, with a nominal median value of 0.052. For singlephase, wound-core, liquid-filled units at 60 Hz, the median value is about 0.040.

In a similar fashion, making use of Equation 4, we can restate Equation 1 as follows:

V = 4.44fB AF _ (4.44fBm)2 SAFe

N m e 2.21BmJAc,,

8.88fBm A^

qS)

q J

Eq. 5

The expression Kvs is also essentially constant for a wide range of transformer classes

and is called the winding coefficient. One can also express Kvs in terms of KAS:

Kvs 4.44 f Bm KAs

2.22 f BmJ (AFe)(AO or

(2.22fBmJAc,)^

5B-10

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
For 60 Hz systems, this may be rewritten as Kvs = 266.4 Br„ KAS. Thus the median values

for Kvs become 21.5 for three-phase and 17.0 for single-phase, wound-core distribution

transformers at 60 Hz with B. = 1.55 Tesla. Equations 4-5 provide initial estimates for

transformer dimensions in studies. They are the starting basis for the scaling laws used to scale

designs and performance. Typical values are given in Table 5B.2 for core type, liquid-filled, 60

Hz distribution transformers at 12 kV, 95 kV BIL.

Table 5B.2 Nominal 60 Hz, Core-Type, Liquid-Filled, 12 kV Distribution Transformers

Class B.

of Dist. J(A/mm2) (Tesla) AFe/ACU KAS Kvs %X

Transf. Range Nominal Nominal Range Nominal Range Nominal

3-Phase 2.4-3.2 2.7 1.55 1.4-2.8 1.6 0.050- 0.052 21.5 4.75

0.055

1-Phase 2.0-2.5 2.3 1.55 0.65-0.85 0.8 0.038- 0.041 17.0 4.75

0.043

5B.2.4 Scaling Laws

Having established the output and winding coefficients, it is instructive to examine the

origin of the 0.75 rules for scaling transformer losses. To illustrate, first of all, one needs to set

relationships as follows:

Fe = KAS S

A,, =Kcs[S , (where Kcs= - )

AS

s, lAFe

o.5 + bW ^ So.25

4

The shape of the window is set by voltage and the ratio his, which is essentially constant

for a given voltage and size, thus setting bW. Refer to Figure 5B.2 for dimensional definitions.

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
Now, one considers the load losses, PC„ (in kW/phase):

IZR __

( S )

2 R S 2 R

PCu

= 1000 V 1000 V 1000

4.28 x 10-17 S2sN2

Acu V2

- K^Sxs =K'S0-75

The other scaling laws are derived in a similar fashion.

2b

f

Note: This diagram is not to scale

bW

4

0

2

ro

b2

bp2

Fi^'

/1p2

AFeA

Figure 5B.2 Basic Three-Phase Transformer Dimensions

s'

2n

S

2n

10

2

5B-12

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
REFERENCES

1. Modern power transformer practice , Edited by R Feinberg, Wiley Publishers, New York, NY,

1979. ISBN: 047026344X

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
Federal Register /Vol. 72, No. 217 /Friday, November 9, 2007 /Notices

to obtain all necessary permits for road

construction. In 2040, the lease

agreement expires and the developer is

obligated to demolish the 300 housing

units.

During development of the EIS, the

Navy will evaluate the no-action

alternative and several alternative road

alignments which will provide

unimpeded access from the Laurelwood

housing area to a State primary or

secondary road without adversely

impacting NWS Earle security or

operational/mission capability.

In addition to the natural and cultural

environment located along the various

road alignments, the Navy will evaluate

the potential impacts to local school

systems, base security, community

services, and traffic impacts at proposed

intersections to state roads. Since NWS

Earle was acquired under exclusive

federal jurisdiction, police, fire, and

rescue services would continue to be

provided by the Navy under the

proposed action.

The Navy is initiating the scoping

process to identify community concerns

and local issues to be addressed in this

EIS. Navy representatives will be

available at the public open-house

scoping meeting to receive comments

from the public regarding issues of

concern. Federal, State, and local

agencies and interested individuals are

encouraged to take this opportunity to

identify concerns that should be

addressed during the preparation of the

EIS. Agencies and the public are also

invited and encouraged to provide

written comments on scoping issues in

addition to, or in lieu of, comments

provided at the open-house meeting.

Written comments must be postmarked

by December 14, 2007 and should be

mailed to: Naval Facilities Engineering

Command, Atlantic, Attn: Code

EV21LR, 6506 Hampton Boulevard,

Norfolk, Virginia 23508. Comments can

also be submitted no later than

December 14, 2007 via the project Web

site: http://www.laurelwoodeis.com.

Dated: October 31, 2007.

T.M. Cruz,

Lieutenant, Judge Advocate General's Corps,

U.S. Navy, Federal Register Liaison Officer.

[FR Doc. E7-22039 Filed 11-8-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 3810-FF-P

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Finding of No Significant Impact:

Energy Conservation Program for

Commercial Equipment, Distribution

Transformers

AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy, Department of

Energy.

ACTION: Finding of No Significant

Impact for Energy Conservation

Standards for distribution transformers.

SUMMARY : The Energy Policy and

Conservation Act, as amended,

prescribes energy conservation

standards for certain consumer products

and commercial equipment. Part C of

Title III (42 U.S.C. 6311-6317)

establishes a program for "Certain

Industrial Equipment," which includes

distribution transformers. The

Department of Energy (DOE) is directed

to administer an energy conservation

program for this product. Based on an

Environmental Assessment (EA), DOE/

EA-1565, which is published as part of

the Distribution Transformer Technical

Support Document (TSD), DOE has

determined that the adoption of energy

efficiency for liquid-immersed

distribution transformers and mediumvoltage dry-type distribution

transformers, as adopted by the Final

Rule entitled the "Energy Conservation

Program for Commercial Equipment:

Distribution Transformers Energy

Conservation Standards; Final Rule,"

published on October 12, 2007 (72 FR

58190), would not be a major Federal

action significantly affecting the quality

of the human environment within the

meaning of the National Environmental

Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Therefore,

an environmental impact statement

(EIS) is not required, and the

Department is issuing this Finding of No

Significant Impact (FONSI).

ADDRESSES : Copies of the EA and the

TSD, as well as the complete docket for

the distribution transformer rulemaking

can be reviewed at the U.S. Department

of Energy, Resource Room of the

Building Technologies Program, 950

L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Washington, DC

(202) 586-2945, between 9 a.m. and 4

p.m., Monday through Friday, except

Federal holidays. Please call Ms. Brenda

Edwards-Jones at the above telephone

number for additional information

regarding visiting the Resource Room.

You may also obtain copies of certain

previous rulemaking documents from

this proceeding (i.e., Framework

Document, advance notice of proposed

rulemaking (ANOPR), notice of

proposed rulemaking (NOPR or

proposed rule)), draft analyses, public

63563

meeting materials, and related test

procedure documents from the Office of

Energy Efficiency and Renewable

Energy's Web site at http://

www. eere. en ergy.gov/buildings/

appliance standards1commerciall

distribution-transformers.h tml.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr.

Antonio Bouza, Project Manager, Energy

Conservation Standards for Distribution

Transformers, Docket No. EE-RM/STD00-550, U.S. Department of Energy,

Energy Efficiency and Renewable

Energy, Building Technologies Program,

EE-2J, 1000 Independence Avenue,

SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121, (202)

586-4563, e-mail:

Antonio.Bouza@ee.doe.gov. For further

information regarding the DOE NEPA

process contact: Ms. Othalene

Lawrence, EERE NEPA Compliance

Officer (EE-3C), U.S. Department of

Energy, Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy, 1000 Independence

Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-

0119, (202) 586-8596.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Description of the Final Rule: The

final rule published on October 12, 2007

established an energy conservation

standard for liquid-immersed

distribution transformers and mediumvoltage dry-type distribution

transformers. 72 FR 58190.

Environmental Impacts: The EA and

TSD evaluate the environmental

impacts of a range of energy

conservation standards for distribution

transformers. The results are presented

for each TSL that DOE considered in

this rulemaking. Each TSL was

considered as an alternative action, and

the environmental impacts of each

alternative are compared to what would

be expected to happen if no new

standard were adopted, i.e., the "no

action" alternative.

The main environmental impact is

decreased emissions from fossil-fueled

electricity generation. All of the

minimum efficiency levels that were

considered for this commercial product

would result in decreased electricity use

and, therefore, a reduction in power

plant emissions. The adopted energy

conservation standard will generally

decrease air pollution by decreasing

future energy demand. The

environmental analysis considers

carbon dioxide (CO2) nitrogen oxides

(NOx), mercury (Hg) and sulfur dioxide

(S02)-

The results of the analysis show an

estimated cumulative reduction of 250

million tons of carbon dioxide

emissions for liquid-immersed and

medium-voltage dry-type distribution

transformers between 2010 and 2038.

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198
63564 Federal Register /Vol. 72, No. 217 /Friday, November 9, 2007 /Notices

Because emissions of NOx, Hg and SO2

from power plants are capped by clean

air legislation, physical emissions from

electricity generation will be only

minimally affected by distribution

transformers energy conservation

standards. The maximum NOx, Hg and

SO2 allowed by law will most likely still

be produced, but because these

emissions are traded, and if emissions

are lowered due to the reduction in

power generation, then the cost of

emission credits may decrease slightly.

Therefore, the EA did not consider

changes in power sector emissions

because they will be negligible.

Determination: Based upon the EA,

DOE has determined that the adoption

of the final rule energy conservation

standard for distribution transformers

would not constitute a major Federal

action significantly affecting the quality

of the human environment, within the

meaning of NEPA. Therefore, an EIS is

not required, and the Department is

issuing this FONSI.

Issued in Washington, DC, on November 1,

2007.

Alexander A. Karsner,

Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy.

[FR Doc. E7-22004 Filed 11-8-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6450-01-P

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission

Such protests must be filed on or before

the date as indicated below. Anyone

filing a protest must serve a copy of that

document on all the parties to the

proceeding.

The Commission encourages

electronic submission of protests in lieu

of paper using the "eFiling" link at

http://www.ferc.gov. Persons unable to

file electronically should submit an

original and 14 copies of the protest to

the Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission, 888 First Street, NE.,

Washington, DC 20426.

This filing is accessible on-line at

http://www.ferc.gov, using the

"eLibrary" link and is available for

review in the Commission's Public

Reference Room in Washington, DC.

There is an "eSubscription" link on the

Web site that enables subscribers to

receive e-mail notification when a

document is added to a subscribed

docket(s). For assistance with any FERC

Online service, please e-mail

FERCOnlineSupport@ferc.gov, or call

(866) 208-3676 (toll free). For TTY, call

(202) 502-8659.

Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern Time

November 8, 2007.

Kimberly D. Bose,

Secretary.

[FR Doc. E7-22020 Filed 11-8-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6717-01-P

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission

considered by the Commission in

determining the appropriate action to be

taken, but will not serve to make

protestants parties to the proceeding.

Such protests must be filed in on or

before the date as indicated below.

Anyone filing a protest must serve a

copy of that document on all the parties

to the proceeding.

The Commission encourages

electronic submission of protests in lieu

of paper using the "eFiling" link at

http://www.ferc.gov. Persons unable to

file electronically should submit an

original and 14 copies of the protest to

the Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission, 888 First Street, NE.,

Washington, DC 20426.

This filing is accessible on-line at

http://www.ferc.gov, using the

"eLibrary" link and is available for

review in the Commission's Public

Reference Room in Washington, DC.

There is an "eSubscription" link on the

Web site that enables subscribers to

receive e-mail notification when a

document is added to a subscribed

docket(s). For assistance with any FERC

Online service, please e-mail

FERCOnlineSupport@ferc.gov, or call

(866) 208-3676 (toll free). For TTY, call

(202) 502-8659.

Protest Date: 5 p.m. Eastern Time

November 7, 2007.

Kimberly D. Bose,

Secretary.

[FR Doc. E7-22018 Filed 11-8-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6717-01-P

[Docket No. CP07-393-001]

Nornew Energy Supply , Inc.; Notice of

Compliance Filing

November 2, 2007.

Take notice that on October 22, 2007,

Nornew Energy Supply, Inc. (NES)

tendered for filing as part of its FERC

Gas Tariff, Original Volume No. 1, First

Revised Original Sheet No. 1, effective

October 26, 2007.

NES tendered for filing its compliance

filing consisting of a notice to cancel its

FERC Gas Tariff. NES states that upon

cancellation of its tariff, NES will be a

Hinshaw pipeline, exempt from

Commission regulation under the

Natural Gas Act and regulated by the

New York Public Service Commission.

Any person desiring to protest this

filing must file in accordance with Rule

211 of the Commission's Rules of

Practice and Procedure (18 CFR

385.211). Protests to this filing will be

considered by the Commission in

determining the appropriate action to be

taken, but will not serve to make

protestants parties to the proceeding.

[Docket No. CP06-115-003]

Texas Eastern Transmission, LP;

Notice of Compliance Filing

November 2, 2007.

Take notice that on October 30, 2007,

Texas Eastern Transmission, L.P. (Texas

Eastern) tendered for filing as part of its

FERC Gas Tariff, Seventh Revised

Volume No. 1, the following tariff

sheets, with an effective date of

December 1, 2007:

Original Sheet No. 35B

Sixth Revised Sheet No. 211

Fourth Revised Sheet No. 213

Sixth Revised Sheet No. 501

Sixth Revised Sheet No. 529

Eighth Revised Sheet No. 627

Texas Eastern states that the filing is

being made in compliance with the

Commission's order issued on June 8,

2007 in Docket No. CP06-115-000.

Any person desiring to protest this

filing must file in accordance with Rule

211 of the Commission's Rules of

Practice and Procedure (18 CFR

385.211). Protests to this filing will be

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory

Commission

[Docket No. CP07-14-002]

Wyoming Interstate Company, Ltd;

Notice of Compliance Filing

November 2, 2007.

Take notice that on October 17, 2007,

Wyoming Interstate Company, Ltd

(WIC) tendered for filing as part of its

FERC Gas Tariff, Second Revised

Volume No. 2, the following tariff

sheets, with an effective date of

November 17, 2007:

Eighteenth Revised Sheet No. 4A

Twentieth Revised Sheet No. 4B

Seventeenth Revised Sheet No. 4C

Ninth Revised Sheet No. 5A

Original Sheet No. 5A. 01

Eleventh Revised Sheet No. 11

Fourth Revised Sheet No. 11A

Eighth Revised Sheet No. 26

Ninth Revised Sheet No. 27

Ninth Revised Sheet No. 28

Sixteenth Revised Sheet No. 38

First Revised Sheet No. 83B

 EE-RM/STD-00-550 COMMENT 198