# Printed on rec y

cled p a

p

e

r 

# Assessment of Qualification for Treatment under the Arizona Natural and Exceptional

Events Policy for the High Particulate (PM 10 

# ) Concentration Events in the

Phoenix and Yuma Areas on June 4, 2008

Background

The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ)

issues Dust Control Action Forecasts for the Yuma and

Phoenix areas as part of their Natural Events Action Plans.

On Tuesday, June 3, 2008, in response to a deepening upper

level trough of low pressure and an approaching dry surface

cold front, ADEQ air quality forecasters issued the Maricopa

County Dust Control Action Forecast calling for a moderate

risk of wind-blown dust for Wednesday, June 4 th 

# , in Maricopa

County. Because the tightening pressure gradient and dry

cold front was expected to impact the Yuma area as well,

ADEQ air quality forecasters called for a high risk of windblown dust in their Yuma and Vicinity Dust Control Action

Forecast for Wednesday, June 4 th 

# . This potential wind event

equated to a significant risk of exceeding the PM 10 

# National

Ambient Air Quality Standard s (NAAQS) in both Yuma and

Maricopa Counties. On the morning of June 4 th 

# , weather

models predicted local wind gusts to be even stronger than the

previous day’s model runs ha d anticipated, prompting ADEQ

forecasters to issue a same day PM 10 

# Health Watch for

Maricopa County stating that “Blowing and suspended dust,

contributed to by strong and gus ty gradient winds, may cause

concentrations of coarse particles to approach unhealthy

levels this afternoon and even ing”. The forecasts/advisories

satisfy the requirement in 40 CFR 51.930(a)(1).

While the initial forecast for June 4 th 

# for both Maricopa

County and Yuma called for su stained winds of 15-25 mph

with the possibility for gusts over 30 mph, subsequent

forecasts the morning of June 4 th 

# called for even stronger

winds which prompted the Health Watch. Beginning in the early afternoon and continuing throughout the evening hours,

strong southwesterly winds in Phoenix and strong westerly

winds in Yuma generated areas of blowing dust. A detailed

review of Best Available Control Measures (BACM)

inspection reports was conducted fo r areas in the vicinity of

the exceeding monitors (see attachment). Aside from the

minor exceptions noted near the West 43 rd 

# and Coyote Lakes

monitors, all appropriate Stat e Implementation Plan (SIP)

control measures were in place during the event,

demonstrating per 40 CFR 50.1(j) that the event “is not

reasonably controllable or preventable.” A discussion of

commonly employed BACM for dust in Maricopa and Yuma

counties can be found in “High Wind Exceptional Events and

Control Measures for PM 10 

# Areas” (see “References”).

The initialization of a wind-blown dust event is evident in the

6:00-6:30 p.m. Phoenix visible camera images, as well as the

Arizona Meteorological Network (AzMET), Maricopa

County (MC), ADEQ, and Nati onal Weather Service (NWS)

monitors (see Fig. 1). This significant wind event brought

elevated ambient concentrations of PM 10 

# to the Phoenix and

Yuma areas that exceeded the NAAQS at the Yuma

Courthouse, Buckeye, West 43 rd 

# Ave. and Coyote Lakes

monitors. The fact that ambient concentrations exceeded the

NAAQS satisfies the criteria in 40 CFR 50.1(j) that the event

“affects air quality.”

The following are the key PM 10 

# monitor readings for the

monitors examined in this report.

Monitor (Operator/Type) AQS ID 24-hr Avg PM 10 

# 1-hr Max PM 10 

# Max Time Flag**

YUMA AREA

Yuma Courthouse (ADEQ/TEOM) 04-027-0004* 386 2341 2000 RJ

BUCKEYE AREA

Buckeye (MC/TEOM) 04-013-4011* 204 772 2300 RJ

PHOENIX METRO AREA

West 43 rd 

# Ave (MC/TEOM) 04-013-4009* 194 645 1400 RJ

Coyote Lakes (MC/TEOM) 04-013-4014* 187 656 2300 RJ

* EPA Air Quality System Identification Number

** 24-hr PM 10 

# concentration influenced by natural or exceptional event to be flagged.

Type Abbreviations: BAM – Beta-Attenuation Mass Monitor (Continuous monitor)

TEOM – Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance Monitor (Continuous monitor).



# The preliminary findings from this analysis were presented at

stakeholders meetings on Nove mber 19, 2008, and March 19,

2009, in Phoenix, Arizona. Following the stakeholders

meetings, ADEQ supplemented and finalized the analysis and a public comment period was held from October 15, 2009

through November 13, 2009. This finalized document and

any comments received are being submitted to EPA to satisfy

the requirements in 40 CFR 50.14(c)(3)(i).HrT(F)VRDustSpdGustDir HrT(F) RH PM Spd Max Dir Hr123Hr11 75 10 0 0 N/A1 72 29441 4N 144.7 52 496148.72 80 10 8 8 SW2 70 32360 5N 236.3 34 373244.73 75 10 6 6W3 70 32370 5 NE 337.2 35 402344.34751055S466404225NE442.7 71 95.741055 73 10 0 0 N/A5 65 41453 6 NE 545.4 65 80.3518.46 69 10 0 0 N/A6 66 38671 6 NEwithw/o667.3 142 143withw/o637.57 72 10 0 0 N/A7 70 391161 4 NEMonitor:Event Event7117 199 190Monitor:Event Event733.28 75 10-DZ3 3 *VR8 77 24631 6 SE1-BUCKE20453863.4 90 744-YUMAC38655846.49 82 10 0 0 N/A9 83 18446 19 S2-W43RD19478944.2 85 24.5942.310 84 10-DZ11 16 S 10 86 151910 20 SW3-COYOT1861301019 67 21.61069.21188102025SW118917271018SW> NAAQS< NAAQS1127.8 40 28> NAAQS< NAAQS1142.11289101726S129118341426SW1234.2 64 35.71250.61 90 10 21 28 SW1 92 173815 28 SW138.216537.4175.92 92 10 23 32 SW2 93 194817 29 SW248.830737.621193 93 10 24 33 SW3 94 196619 33W366.16454331834 93 10 26 36 SW4 94 1913121 34W413152084.34570593102936SW593192102436W5210 38283.55301wnd@3m agl/Dir correctedtotrue north692102836SW692202852340SW6285 56996.76547HIGHLIGHTINGCol.Parameter7 90 4BLDU25 36 SW7 89 2241121 36 SW7411 266 2297570Max Wind T(F)Temp.(Deg. F.)8 86 6DU24 33 SW8 87 2457020 35 SW8570 161 31382163> 15 mph RHRel Humidity%984102328SW984255151529SW9515 95 25492341>25mphRnRain(Inches/hr)10 82 10 21 21 SW10 82 2751014 27 SW10511 84 27210965HR - Time (End) SpdAvgSpeed mph11 80 9 24 24 SW11 80 2975917 28 SW11760 241 41711523A.M. MaxMax Speed mph12786HZ2323SW1277337711322SW12772 283 65612343P.M.DirWind Dir.(from)6/04-5:00AM6/04-1:00PM6/04-2:00PM6/04-3:00PM6/04-11:00PMHr T(F) PM Spd Max Dir Hr T(F) PM Spd Max Dir1 714952 5 NE 1 80513 7S2 693732 5 N 2 77331 8NW36840115N3763408NW4669514N4727138E5658014NE5716547NEYrSea YrSeaYrSea YrSea6 651432 5 N 6 711411 6E5 14 5 16 7 10 8 13 6/04 - 2:00PM 6/04 - 6:30PM 6/04 - 6:45PM 6/04 - 7:00PM 6/04 - 11:30PM7 721892 5 NE 7 731991 7 NE7 15 9 18 7 14 12 168 83741 4 SE 8 78895 9E9 15 11 18 9 17 14 169 87242 6 S 9 82853 9E13 17 15 20 10 19 16 2010 89215 16 SW10 87670 9W16 21 19 24 14 19 19 2011 90288 20 SW11 91394 16 SW22 25 29 31 19 21 23 25129135921SW129564719W33344440303131341 923710 26 SW1 9616512 24 SW48 49 65 61 44 46 42 432 943711 26 SW2 9530614 27 SW67 68 91 82 58 62 57 623 944312 27 SW3 9664417 30 SW83 86 121 102 77 77 77 854 968414 32 SW4 9652017 36 SW98 101 139 127 91 102 96 102 6/04 - 2:00PM 6/04 - 6:30PM 6/04 - 6:45PM 6/04 - 11:30PM5 958315 34 SW5 9538116 31 SW120 115 157 157 109 119 127 1326 949614 30 SW6 9456916 35 SW159 131 192 251 122 138 186 1657 9222817 37 SW7 9126617 31 SW260 155 227 251 219 206 211 1938883121030SW8881611730SW2891953132513132733492249 8425410 26 SW9 869414 27 SW10822711125SW1084841430SW11 814169 22 SW11 8224017 27 SW1279656924SW12792831629SW6/04-2:00PM6/04-6:30PM6/04-11:30PMHr T(F) PM Spd Max Dir Hr T(F) PM Spd Max Dir Hr T(F) VRDustSpdGustDir Hr T(F) RH Spd Max Dir1 77282 6 S 1 78422 8 SE 1 77 10 3 3 S 1 75 27 2 8W2 75531 5 NE 2 74414 8 E 2 79 10 0 0 N 2 73 29 2 9 NW3 74451 7 NE 3 72364 10 E 3 75 10 3 3 S 3 69 37 4 8 S4 72462 6 E 4 71394 9 E 4 76 10 3 3 NW4 66 44 3 7 S5 71502 6 NE 5 70414 8 E 5 75 10 8 8W5 63 48 4 9 S6/04 - 2:00PM 6/04 - 6:30PM6/04 - 11:30PM6 70494 9 E 6 70464 8 E 6 74 10 5 5 NW6 66 38 3 5 S7 73554 11 E 7 76525 9 E 7 77 10 7 7 NW7 69 38 2 6 SW8 79555 10 E 8 80366 12 E 8 80 10 13 13W8 74 32 5 12W9 86493 9 E 9 85365 10 E 9 83 10 7 7W9 77 25 6 11W10 90462 9 SE 10 90372 9 E 10 86 10 5 5 SW10 82 22 8 15W11 92353 11 S11 92325 15 SW11 91 10 3 3 *VR11 85 19 9 16 SW129429420W129328516SW1295101522SW1289181120SW1 945311 25W1 93349 24W1 97 10 10 10 SW1 92 17 12 21 SW2 947712 27W2 946413 28W2 100 10 22 28W2 94 15 16 28W3 9518916 32W3 9416316 34W3 100 6BLDU22 29W3 94 15 18 34W6/04 - 2:00PM 6/04 - 6:30PM6/04 - 11:30PM4 9621715 31 SW4 9320417 33W4 98 10 17 28W4 92 15 20 33W5 9516615 33W5 9414118 34W5 96 6HZ24 37W5 91 16 19 32W6 9415415 33W6 9216617 37W6 93 10HZ BL23 30W6 88 20 15 26W7 9113314 28 SW7 9018017 34 SW7 88 3HZ BL22 33 NW7 85 23 18 29W8 8711312 26 SW8 8713516 31 SW8 81 10HZ BL23 36W8 79 29 26 38W9 857912 25 SW9 8510217 32W9 77 0.50sHZs22 39 NW9 75 35 25 40W10 836912 28 SW10 847615 28W10 75 10HZ BL20 31 NW10 73 37 26 40W11 8121015 28 SW11 8117715 31 SW11 75 5BLDU14 20W11 72 37 21 29 NW12792371228SW12793031633W127510BLDU1123W1272351528WPrepared by S. Kendall, A. Juniel, B. Busby and B. Paris/ ADEQ 3/19/09

ADEQ - YUMA AGRI CENADEQ - YUMA AGRI CEN128530 (114.71Wx32.71N)MC - COYOTE LAKES

MC - COYOTE LAKESMC - WEST FORTY THIR

MC - WEST FORTY THIR16329 (112.05Wx33.46N)MC - CENTRAL PHOENIX

MC - CENTRAL PHOENIX127530 (112.31Wx33.67N)

MC - DURANGO COMPLEX16375 (112.12Wx33.43N)MC - DURANGO COMPLEX MC - BUCKEYEMC - BUCKEYE21525 (112.62Wx33.37N)16659 (112.14Wx33.41N) GOES-West Satellit eAZMET Monitoring LocationsSee http://ag.arizona.edu/azmet/Figure 1.Key Data forEvent of June4, 2008KEYPM10PLOTSWx IMAGERYPHX VIS.CAMERASNWS-Luke AFB1862-W43RD3-COYOTEMONITORS:Event Contrib. Analysis24-Hr. Avg PM10Conclusion: Asshown above,the PM10concentrationwould have beenbelow the NAAQS"BUT FOR" theevent contribution(hours highlightedin pink).Conclusion: Flagged Value is exceptionalNWS-Yuma MCAS99.0%90%MONITORS:1-BUCKEYE2-WEST 43RD3-COYOTELAKESHourly PM10Conc. (μg/m3)1-BUCKEYE99.5%

NWS-Yuma MCASin nature (ie greater than 95% of all data)

NWS-Luke AFB204 194Mon 1 Mon 2Flagged10%5%75%Pink=Event Contrib.50%5-Yr. Dist. of Values (μg/m3)Column IndexFlaggedYr - All Data(5-Yrs)Mon 1Pink=Event Contrib.Conclusion: Asshown above,the PM10concentration wouldhave been below theNAAQS "BUT FOR"the eventcontribution (hourshighlighted in pink).MONITORS:MONITORS:Event Contrib. AnalysisHourly PM10Conc. (μg/m3)4-YUMA CHseason only(5-Yrs)Freq.2.5%4-YUMA CH24-Hr. Avg PM10Cum.25%ValueMon 395%97.5%Cum.Historical Distribution5-Yr. Dist. of Values (μg/m3)1.0%0.5%MinColumn IndexMaxYr - All Data(5-Yrs)Sea - Data for SummerHistorical DistributionSea - Data for Summerseason only(5-Yrs) WHITE TANK MTN (looking west)

ESTRELLA MTN (looking south)Conclusion: Flagged Value is exceptionalValue386Freq.Max99.5%99.0%90%75%in nature (ie greater than 95% of all data)95%97.5% SOUTH MOUNTAIN (looking south)50%1.0%0.5%Min25%10%5%2.5%6/04 - 7:00PM

CAMELBACK MTN (looking northeast)6/04-6:45PM6/04-7:00PM6/04 - 7:00PM

SUPERSTITION MTN (looking east)6/04 - 6:45PM 6/04 - 7:00PMWIND &PM10DATAECAHISTDIST6/04 - 6:45PMSUMMARY OF EVENTAt 2:00 pm, the Yuma areaexperienced westerly windgusts up to 28 mph. Yuma hadavisibility of 6 miles in blowingdust at 3:00 pm with westerlywind gusts between 22 and 41mph. By 11:00 am, Luke AFBbegan experiencing gusts over25 mph with blowing dust andreduced visibility by 7:00 pm.Hourly PM10 Concentrations05001000150020002500 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:006/4/2008

PM Concentration ( μ g/m^3)Coyote LakesBuckeyeWest 43rdYuma CH

# Assessment of June 4, 2008 event (Cont.)

- 4 - 

# Assessment under the Technical Criteria Document (TCD)

1. Properly qualify and validat e the air quality measurement

to be flagged. As this was not a filter sampling date (1-in-6

run day), only data from the continuous analyzers were

examined. The air quality monitoring data were reviewed by

the agency responsible for op eration of the monitor. All

hourly PM 10 

# readings from the Yuma Courthouse, Buckeye,

West 43 rd 

# Ave. and Coyote Lakes monitoring sites were valid

for June 4 th 

# . Audits of the analyzers revealed operations were

within acceptable tolerance.

2. Review suspected contributing sources. The NWS,

AzMET, and MC surface data for Arizona provide a good

explanation as to what mete orological conditions were in

place on June 4 th 

# . Strong southwesterly winds were occurring

in the Phoenix area due to a low pressure system approaching

from the northwest with a cold front passing over Arizona.

PM 10 

# concentrations were elevated throughout much of the

Phoenix Metro area as evidenced by the PM 10 

# and wind speed

plots (see attachments). PM 10 

# concentrations also spiked at

Yuma Courthouse during the afternoon and evening hours as

winds increased out of the west and northwest in Yuma. The

plot of hourly PM 10 

# concentration data in the upper right

corner of Figure 1 confirm the nearly identical timing of the

elevated PM 10 

# concentrations recorded at West 43 rd 

# Ave.,

Coyote Lakes, Buckeye, and Yuma. Phoenix visibility

camera images show the reduced visibility associated with

this high wind event. These images indicate that reduced

visibilities due to blowing dus t were widespread throughout

the entire Valley. While this visual evidence is not possible

for the Yuma area, Yuma radar data show the transport of

blowing dust from southeastern California into southwestern

Arizona (see attachment for more detail).

3. Examine all air quality monitoring information. Data from

all monitors in the network we re reviewed. Monitors from

the affected areas are summarized in the table in the

Background section of this asse ssment. Pursuant to 40 CFR

50.14(c)(3)(iii)(C), the “Historical Distribution” Table in

Figure 1 has been included to demonstrate that the event is

associated with a measured concentration in excess of normal

historical fluctuations, including background (i.e.,

concentrations greater than the 95 th 

# percentile). Additionally,

the winds associated with the elevated PM 10 

# concentrations

may be characterized as ‘unusual’ as described in “Impact of

Exceptional Events’ ‘Unusual Winds’ on PM 10 

# Concentrations” (see “References”).

4. Examine the meteorological conditions before and during

the event. The meteorological data are summarized in Figure

1. The wind data are highlighted yellow if the max wind

speed in the hour exceeds 15 mph and orange if it exceeds 25 mph. As can be seen in Figure 1, wind speeds did not pick up

in central and southern Arizona until approximately noon,

when several stations began reporting wind gusts of 20 mph

or greater. As winds continued to increase through the

afternoon, the onset of elevated PM 10 

# concentrations began at

the four flagged monitoring sites, each of which continued to

show higher PM 10 

# values as winds increased throughout the

day. Apart from a two hour lull in PM 10 

# concentrations at

West 43 rd 

# Ave. around 9:00 p.m., elev ated concentrations at

each flagged monitoring site continued throughout the

evening.

5. Perform a qualitative attr ibution to emission source(s). All

evidence indicates the elevated PM 10 

# concentrations in the

Phoenix and Yuma areas can be attributed to soil emissions

that were transported over portions of Maricopa County and

Yuma County. No source specific emission allocation is

possible based on the data available for analysis. Visual

evidence of reduced visibility during the 6:00 p.m. hour can

be seen in the images located in the lower right portion of

Figure 1. These images provide proof that the elevated PM 10



# concentrations in and round Phoenix were coincident with

strong, gusty winds and can be a ttributed to soil emissions. In

addition, visibility was reduced to 0.5 miles with haze and

blowing dust reported by trained weather spotters at the Yuma

MCAS during the afternoon and evening hours of June 4.

These observations provide further evidence that the elevated

PM 10 

# concentrations recorded at Yuma Courthouse were the

result of a wind-blown dust event.

6. Estimation of Contribution from Source or Event. The

primary source appears to be wind-blown dust over central

and southern Arizona for which there is not an effective or

efficient method to estimate the relative contributions from

specific sources. The demonstration analysis contained in this

report establishes the linkage be tween the measurements to be

flagged and the event, thus sa tisfying the requirement in 40

CFR 50.14(c)(3)(iii)(B). Pursuant to 40 CFR

50.14(c)(3)(iii)(D), the “Event Contrib. Analysis” Table in

Figure 1 has been included to demonstrate that there would

have been no exceedances or violations but for the event (i.e.,

the contribution during the event overwhelmed the 24-hour

averages).

7. Determination that a Natural or Exceptional Event

Contributed To an Exceedance. Based on this analysis, the

event satisfies the requirement in 40 CFR 50.1(j) that the

elevated concentrations at Yu ma Courthouse, Buckeye, West

43 rd 

# Ave., and Coyote Lakes were attributed to a natural

event.



# Conclusion

Transport of dust from soils by high winds . The region wide

elevated PM 10 

# event on June 4, 2008, in Yuma and Maricopa

Counties was the result of transported dust and soils from

winds that suspended natural so ils and soils from areas where

Best Available Control Measures are in place and should be

flagged for air quality planning purposes. The “high wind” (RJ) flag should be applied to the monitor readings indicated

in the table at the beginning of this report, as the monitor

would have been below the NA AQS but for the contribution

of the event.

# ATTACHMENTS AND REFERENCES

FOR EXCEPTIONAL EVENTS ANALYSIS

The following are supplemental materials helpful in understanding the exceptional

event summarized in the main report. In addition, the reader is referred to the

following references.

REFERENCES

Arizona Department of Envi ronmental Quality (ADEQ), Air Quality Exceptional and

Natural Events Policy , Policy Number 2009.002 (April 28, 1999; revised January 10,

2006 and June 22, 2007).

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), Technical Criteria Document

for Determination of Natural Exceptional Events for Particulate Matter Equal to or Less

Than Ten Microns in Aerodynamic Diameter (PM 10 

# ) (May 31, 2000).

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), Technical Criteria Document

for Determination of Na tural and Exceptional Events (December 12, 2005).

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), Impact of Exceptional Events

‘Unusual Winds’ on PM 10 

# Concentrations (October 14, 2009).

Arizona Department of Envi ronmental Quality (ADEQ), High Wind Excep tional Events

and Control Measures for PM 10 

# Areas (October 14, 2009).

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), The Treatment of Data Influenced by

Exceptional Events (Exceptional Event Rule) , 73 FR 70597; 40 CF R Parts 50 and 51

(November 21, 2008).

# ADEQ AIR POLLUTION HEALTH WATCH

ISSUANCE NOTICE

Issuance Date and Time: Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:15 a.m.

Valid for Date(s): Wednesday June 04, 2008

Pollutant: COARSE PARTICLES (PM-10)

Message: Blowing and suspended dust, contributed to

by strong and gusty gradient winds, may

cause concentrations of coarse particles to

approach unhealthy levels this afternoon and

evening.

Detailed air quality forecast information is available on:

• The internet at www.azdeq.gov

• A telephone recording at 602-771-2367

Duty Forecaster: Christopher Reith 602-771-2360

Joe Paul 602-771-2363

CKR 05/01/2007

# MARICOPA COUNTY

DUST CONTROL ACTION FORECAST

ISSUED TUESDAY, JUNE 02, 2008

Three-day weather outlook:

tttttttttttttttttttt

R I S K F A C T O R S

On Wednesday an upper level trough in the mid-latitude storm tr ack will deepen over the western U.S. including Arizona.

Increasing afternoon winds are therefore e xpected on Wednesday when gradients will be the strongest. There will be an

increased risk for areas of blowing dust after the noon hour lasting into the evening hours.



# WINDS STAGNATION RISK LEVEL

Day #1: Wed 06/04/2008



# + = Southwest to westerly

15-25 mph with gusts Rather stagnant during

the morning hours

with improvement by

afternoon. 

# MODERA er 30 mph by ov

a fternoon. 

# TE

Day #2: Thu 06/05/2008 + = West to northwesterly

10-20 mph. Rather stagnant during

the morning hours

with improvement by

afternoon.



# LOW

Day #3: Fri 06/06/2008 + = Rather stagnant during

the morning hours

with improvement by

afternoon. 

# LOW Southwesterly 5-15

mph by afternoon.



# The Maricopa County Dust Control Ac tion Forecast is issued to assist in the planning of work activities to

help reduce dust pollution. To revi ew the complete air quality forecas t for the Phoenix metropolitan area

and the health effects of air pollution, please see ADEQ's Air Quality Forecast at

http://www.azdeq.gov/environ /air/ozone/ensemble.pdf

, or call 602-771-2367 for recorded forecast

information.

# YUMA AND VICINITY

DUST CONTROL ACTION FORECAST

ISSUED TUESDAY, JUNE 03, 2008

Three-day weather outlook:

tttttttttttttttttttt

On Wednesday an upper level trough in the mid-latitude storm tr ack will deepen over the western U.S. including Arizona.

Increasing afternoon winds are therefore expected the next few days – but especi ally on Wednesday – when gradients will be the

strongest. There will be a HIGH risk for localized (not wide spread) blowing dust after the noon hour lasting into the evening

hours.



# WINDS WIND-BLOWN DUST RISK

Day #1: Wed 06/04/2008 Westerly 15-25 mph

with gusts to 30 mph

by afternoon.



# HIGH

Day #2: Thu 06/05/2008 Northwest to northerly

10-20 mph with a few

higher gusts,

decreasing by

afternoon. 

# MODERATE

Day #3: Fri 06/06/2008 No significant winds

expected.



# LOW

PM-10 & PM-2.5 (PARTICLES)

Description – The term “particulate matter” (PM) includes both so lid particles and liquid droplets found in air. Many

manmade and natural sources emit PM directly or emit other pollu tants that react in the atmosphere to form PM. Particles

less than 10 micrometers in diameter tend to pose the greates t health concern because they can be inhaled into and

accumulate in the respiratory system. Particles less than 2.5 mi crometers in diameter are referred to as “fine” particles and

are responsible for many visibility degradations (brown cl oud). Particles with diameters between 2.5 and 10 micrometers

are referred to as “coarse”.

Sources – Fine = All types of combustion (motor vehicles, power plants, wood burning, etc.) and some industrial

processes. Coarse = crushing or grinding operations and dust from paved or unpaved roads.

Potential health impacts – PM can increase susceptibility to respiratory infections and can aggravate existing respiratory

diseases, such as asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Units of measurement – Micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3)

Averaging interval – 24 hours (midnight to midnight).

Reduction tips – Stabilize loose soils, minimize travel on dirt roads, utilize tarps on haul trucks, limit use of leaf-blowers,

and on high-wind days redu ce outdoor activities.

CKR 05/09/200506/04/2008 - ADDITIONAL GRAPHS 1West 43rd - PM 10 vs. Wind Speed01002003004005006007008009001000 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:006/4/2008

PM Concentration ( μ g/m^3)0510152025303540 Wind Speed (mph)PM10Max WindCoyote Lakes - PM 10 vs. Wind Speed01002003004005006007008009001000 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:006/4/2008

PM Concentration ( μ g/m^3)0510152025303540 Wind Speed (mph)PM10Max WindBuckeye - PM 10 vs. Wind Speed01002003004005006007008009001000 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:006/4/2008

PM Concentration ( μ g/m^3)051015202530354045 Wind Speed (mph)PM10Max WindYuma Courthouse - PM 10 vs. Wind Speed05001000150020002500 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:006/4/2008

PM Concentration ( μ g/m^3)0510152025303540 Wind Speed at Yuma Mesa (mph)PM10Max Wind06/04/2008 - ADDITIONAL GRAPHS 2Durango - PM 10 vs. Wind Speed050100150200250300350 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:006/4/2008

PM Concentration ( μ g/m^3)0510152025303540 Wind Speed (mph)PM10Max mphCentral Phoenix - PM 10 vs. Wind Speed050100150200250300350 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:006/4/2008

PM Concentration ( μ g/m^3)0510152025303540 Wind Speed (mph)PM10Max mphGreenwood - PM 10 vs. Wind Speed050100150200250300350 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:006/4/2008

PM Concentration ( μ g/m^3)0510152025303540 Wind Speed (mph)PM10Max mphWest Phoenix - PM 10 vs. Wind Speed050100150200250300350 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:006/4/2008

PM Concentration ( μ g/m^3)0510152025303540 Wind Speed (mph)PM10Max mphPhoenix Area PM10and Meteorological MonitorsSource: US EPA, ADEQ, & Google EarthSalt River Area PM10and Meteorological MonitorsSource: US EPA, ADEQ, & Google EarthYuma Area PM10and Meteorological MonitorsSource: US EPA, ADEQ, & Google Earth

# June 4 th 

# 2008 Radar and Satellite Data

Radar data obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmosphe ric Administration’s

National Climatic Data Center in co njunction with MODIS satellite photography

obtained from NASA’s Rapid Response System allows for a visual reassessment of the

event. These data were downloaded as KMZ files and displayed using Google Earth

software. The overlay of the products clearly shows that much of the suspended dust

originated in southeastern Calif ornia and was transported to the east. It can be seen that

large sources of dust appear to come fr om the Imperial Sand Dunes of southern

California (also known as the Algodones Dunes) and other si milar dunes or open desert

areas to the southwest of the Salton Sea. Another common source of blowing dust

appears to be an area of open desert to the south / southeast of Yuma. While some of the

radar images are obscured by noise, the dust sources are still clearly visible.

Figure 1 - Radar data and MODIS satellite imagery sh ow a major source of bl owing dust located to

the southwest of the Salton Sea.

# Figure 2 – Just prior to the time of highest PM 10 

# concentrations in the Yuma area, radar data show

what are likely high concentrations of blowing dust to the west / northwest of Yuma. These returns

(shown as white colors) are likely indicative of blowing dust originating from the Imperial Sand

Dunes.

# The MODIS satellite data are from the Terra satellite with 250 meter resolution and use

bands 7, 2, and 1 to accentuate vegetation. Ligh ter tan areas are indi cative of open desert

while darker brown areas indicate areas of higher elevation or differing soil type

(compared to that of the open desert). Th e suspected PM sources are outlined in the

image below.

Figure 3 - Image courtesy of MODIS Rapid Response Project at NASA/GSFC displayed using

Google Earth software.

# PM 10 

# Control Measures Reporting Form

High Wind Exceptional Event Demonstration

Date of Flagged Event ___June 4, 2008____________________________________

PM 10 

# Planning Area __ Maricopa County PM10 Nonattainment Area__________

Exceeding Monitor(s) ___Buckeye, Coyote Lakes, and West 43 rd 

# Monitors_______

AQI/High Wind/Dust Forecast (ro lling three day forecast) Issued?

Yes No



# Type: _____PM10 Health Watch (issued between 10 am and noon, same day)________

In the spaces below, please provide information a bout the 72-hour period preceding the event, the

day of the event, and the 72-hour period following the event. For a list of control measures for the

planning area, see back of this form. Account for minimum 2 mile area around exceeding

monitor(s). Please attach additional information if necessary

.



# Complaints:

No complaints for agricultural activities fo r all three areas during time frame, and two

fields within radius of West 43 rd 

# and Durango monitors were not in crop production; no

County complaints for Buckeye area ; June 4th County complaint inspection of vacant lot

for Coyote Lakes area; June 4 th 

# County complaint inspection_ of a dust control permit

for West 43 rd 

# area.

Inspections:

June 4 th 

# four inspections of dust control perm its under Rule 310 BACM measures for

Buckeye area (no violations); June 2 nd 

# one inspection of Rule 316 point source for Rule

316 BACM measures for Coyote Lakes area (no viola tions); June 3 rd 

# three inspections of

dust control permits for Rule 310 BACM measures, June 5 th 

# two inspections – one for a

dust control permit for Rule 310 BACM measures and one for Rule 316 source (no

violations), June 6 th 

# five inspections of dust cont rol permits for Rule 310 BACM

measures (no violations) all for West 43 rd 

# area.

Notices or Enforcement Actions:

None for Buckeye area; one 60-day letter for unsta ble vacant lot under Rule 310.01 for

Coyote Lakes area; one NOV issued on June 4 th 

# for trackout under Rule 310 and one

NOV issued on June 5 th 

# for failure to install a wheel washer under Rule 316 both for

West 43 rd 

# area.

X

# Regulating Agency(s) ADEQ (A griculture); Maricopa County

Information Supplied By Emily Bonanni, ADEQ Planning Division, Compliance

Section; Jo Cr umbaker, Maricopa County Air Quality

Department

Date Completed October 14, 2009

FOR INTERNAL PURPOSES ONLY

Reviewed by / date:

____



# ___________________________________________

Measures included in the Maricopa County PM 10 

# 5 Percent Plan

(25 committed measures in parentheses)

1. Extensive dust control training program (2).

2. Dust managers/Coordinators at earthmoving sites < than or equal to 5 acres (3,16).

3. Increase proactive Rule 310 and 316 inspections (9, 10, 44).

4. Strengthen Rule 310 to promote continuous compliance (36 thru 38, 28).

5. Conduct nighttime and weekend inspections (8).

6. Ban leaf blowers from blowi ng debris into streets (21).

7. Prohibit use of leaf blowers on unstabilized surfaces (45).

8. Implement a leaf blower outreach program (22).

9. Ban ATV use on high pollution advisory days (23).

10. Pave or stabilize existing unpaved parking lots (25).

11. Pave or stabilize unpaved road shoulders (28).

12. Strengthen and increase enforcement of Rule 310.01 for vacant lots (31, 32)

13. Recover costs for stabilizing vacant lots (33).

14. Restrict and enforce vehicle us e/parking on vacant lots (31, 32).

15. Increase fines for open burning (34).

16. Restrict use of outdoor firepl aces/pits/ambience fireplaces (35).

17. Other wood burning restric tions in SB 1552 (47, 48).

18. Repave or overlay paved road s with rubberized asphalt (53).

Various additional SIP measures or sources:

1. Agriculture – Agricultural Best Ma nagement Practices (AgBMP) Program

2. Point sources – Permit Conditions (stac k, fugitive, and area source emissions)

3. Rule 310 and 310.01; sand and gravel – Rule 316

4. Windblown, area sources – mobile, road way, vacant lots, fires, et al.

5. Maintenance of micro-scale Salt River stabilization/improvement

6. Pave and stabilize public dirt roads and alleys

7. Covered loads

8. Registered subcontractors