IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE

AT JACKSON

September 10, 2002 Session

STATE OF TENNESSEE v. ANTONIUS HARRIS 

 Appeal from the Circuit Court for Gibson County

No. 6962 L.T. Lafferty, Judge

No. W2001-02617-CCA-R3-CD - Filed November 7, 2002

JOSEPH M. TIPTON, J., concurring.

I concur with the majority opinion, save one aspect. I disagree with its implication that Rule

8(a), Tenn. R. Crim. P., has no bearing on superseding indictments. Rule 8(a) mandates that offenses

arising from the same conduct or criminal episode be joined in the same indictment, if the offenses

are known to the prosecutor at the time of indictment. The Committee Comment states:

The Commission wishes to make clear that section (a) is

meant to stop the practice by some prosecuting attorneys of “saving

back” one or more charges arising from the same conduct or from the

same criminal episode. Such other charges are barred from future

prosecution if known to the appropriate prosecuting official at the

time that the other prosecution is commenced, but deliberately not

presented to a grand jury.

(emphasis added). By their express terms, the Rule and the Comment speak of the indictment and

the commencement of the prosecution – not the trial – as the time the prosecutor must make a choice.

The majority opinion is concerned that superseding indictments would almost always violate

Rule 8(a) if it applied and that such result would run contrary to the “long established, recognized

validity of superseding indictments.” It cites to State v. Harris, 33 S.W.3d 767, 771 (Tenn. 2000),

which does state that the power to seek a superseding indictment lies within the broad discretion of

the state. However, Harris also notes that the state’s discretion is “not infinite” and is subject to

limiting provisions in the Rules of Criminal Procedure. Id. I believe Rule 8(a) is such a limiting

provision. 

I do not believe that a superseding indictment that has charges relating to offenses known at

the time of the original indictment is exempt from the scope of Rule 8(a). In other words, I do not
-2-

believe that the prosecution may do by superseding indictment that which it may not do by separate

indictment. Nor do I believe that superseding indictments would almost always violate the rule. A

superseding indictment that essentially joins co-defendants or adds newly found offenses is not

contrary to Rule 8(a). 

In the present case, the record indicates that the superseding indictment included the

defendant’s wife as a co-defendant, increased the defendant’s aggravated kidnapping charges to

especially aggravated kidnapping charges, and reduced an attempted second degree murder charge

to aggravated assault. The prosecutor advised the trial court that increasing the kidnapping charges

to especially aggravating ones was a primary purpose in obtaining the superseding indictment.

However, the record does not show, nor did the defendant pursue, why certain charges increased

while another decreased. Thus, I cannot conclude that a violation of Rule 8(a) has been shown. I

do conclude that, in any event, the defendant was not improperly prejudiced by the state proceeding

on the superseding indictment. 

____________________________________

JOSEPH M. TIPTON, JUDGE