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PANAMA flJBg CANAL IN THIS ISSUE

The Astronauts

Launches Ahoy!

Mid-Point in Canal

What's the Question?

Vol. 13, No. 12

July 5, 1963

Astronaut Gordon Cooper

1963

P/F7

George Washington

1776

To Outer Space
Robert J. Fleming, Jr., Governor-President

David S. Parker, Lieutenant Governor

Frank A. Baldwin Panama Canal Information Officer

Official Panama Canal Publication

Published monthly at Balboa Heights, C.Z.

Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, C.Z.

Joseph Connor, Press Officer

Publications Editors Robert D. Kerr and Julio E. Briceno

Editorial Assistants Eunice Richard, Tobi BnrEL.and Tomas A. Cupas

Distributed free of charge to all Panama Canal Employees.

Subscriptions, $1 a year; mail and back copies, 10 cents each.

Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights. C.Z.

Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building. Balboa Heights. C.Z.

Index

« We Mold ZJkede ZJrutkd .

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FREEDOM of the North American colonies was proclaimed

nearly 190 years ago. The Declaration of Independence was

adopted by the Continental Congress July 4, 1776. The space age dates back less than 6 years. But the patriots of the North American Revolutionary War and

today's astronauts have a common bond: conviction that a free

life is the only one worth living. The patriots won freedom. The

astronauts' role is to help retain it, to help expand it, to help

assure that dieir Nation maintains such a pace of progress that

it can avoid being trampled as many other nations have been.

The spirit animating the astronauts must be much like that which stirred the patriots, as expressed in this Revolutionary War

patriots' oath:

I am only one, but I am one;

I can not do everything, but I can do something;

And what I can do, that I ought to do;

And what I ought to do, by the grace of God,

I will do. The sound of freedom may be a Liberty Bell, an outcry against

injustice, the roar of a space craft lift-off. Foundation stones are well known: Freedom of religion,

without decrees as to what is "orthodox;" Freedom of assembly,

with no curbs by petty officials; Freedom of speech, for open

discussion without abuse or malice; Freedom of the press, to safeguard human rights. Goals of freedom from want and freedom

from fear have been added.

Frontiers have changed from rugged wilderness to outer space, but the song of freedom in hearts is the same. Hard-bought, freedom slips away if not guarded. Freedom has

been a rifle in the hand against aggression, a peaceful harvest,

the soft glow of candlelight without flare or burst of shell or bomb. It's a gift no man can give, a way to live—for which many

have died.

Scenes of the Fourth 3

Mid-Point in Canal 4

Launches Ahoy! 6

He Changed Things 8

Astronauts 9

'Slave' Motors 17

What's the Question? 18

Canal History, Retirements 20

Anniversaries 21

Promotions and Transfers 22

Shipping 24

Mj(

ON OUR COVER, with the pictures of George

Washington and Astronaut Gordon Cooper, are two famous scenes. One is a portion of the famous

Emanuel Leutze painting of Washington cross- ing the Delaware River with his troops December 25-26, 1776, during the North American

colonies' war for independence. The picture now

hangs in the Metropolitan Museum in New York

City. The other is a view of the launching of Cooper from Cape Canaveral May 15, 1963. The United States has put well over 100 vehicles,

manned and unmanned, into space. For more on astronauts, see pages 9-16. And,

coming back to earth, in this issue you also may

learn about launches, about the Canal Zone's

biggest quiz center (aside from Personnel), and

about the mid-point in the Canal—both of them.

July 5, 1963
THE FOURTH

On the 3Atnm.uA

Over the Years

July 4, 1915, looking west from Administration Building.

The late President of the Republic of Panama, Jose Antonio Remon,

•nd Joseph Harrington, left, then president of the American Society

of Panama, smile their approval of the music of Lucho Azcarraga

during a 1954 Fourth of July party staged at the Panama City

Union Club by the American Society.
MID-POINT

IN CANAL?

Navigationally, Here

Although nearing the end of its transit to the Pacific side, the southbound

super tanker Vivipara still is entering the Canal—navigationally. It is at the north end of Pedro Miguel Locks. Up to this point, red buoys and

beacons have been on the starboard (right) hand and black ones to port. From here on, the black ones are on the starboard, the red ones to port.

Navigation Aids Change-Over Point

Reason They Don*t Match On Map

SHIPS transiting the Panama Canal

southbound still are "entering" the

Canal, navigationally, approximately

14% miles after they've actually passed

the half-way point.

Northbound ships, however, start to "leave" the Canal 14% miles before they

leave the mid-point.

Navigationally, the "middle" of the Canal, lengthwise, is at the north end

of Pedro Miguel Locks, 39 miles from

At right is a standard type sun switch operating on the principle of expansion and

contraction of a cylinder sensitive to light, but not to temperature changes. At left is a reproduction of one of the original

installation sun switches such as were in use in 1915. It operated on the same

principle.

the Atlantic end, only 12.2 miles from

the Pacific end. Geographically, the half-way spot is Station 1350 plus 28.75, a point one

quarter of a mile west of Darien,

approximately 5% miles west of Gamboa, and 25.6 from Atlantic deep water and Pacific deep water.

All the buoys and beacons in the Canal are colored and numbered, so that on entering the Canal at Colon,

and extending south to Pedro Miguel

Locks, red buoys and beacons with even numbers, displaying red lights at night, are on the starboard hand, and

black buoys and beacons with odd

numbers, displaying white lights at night, on the port hand.

(A buoy is a floating marker moored

to the bottom; a beacon, a fixed mount

signal, either on land or in the water.)

On entering the channel at Naos

Island on the Pacific side, and extending north to Pedro Miguel Locks, red

buoys and beacons with even numbers

(and red lights) are on the starboard,

and black buoys and beacons with odd

numbers (and white lights) are to port. Obviously there had to be a changeover point where colors were reversed

if standard colors were to be observed

in both entrances. Otherwise, ships transiting one direction would be entering the Canal during

their entire transit, according to the navigational aids, and those transiting the other direction would be leaving

the Canal all the way—even when just

entering it. As it is, a southbound ship has the usual colors all the way to Pedro Miguel

Locks, but from there to the Pacific the

colors are reversed. The opposite is true for northbound ships.

Arnold S. Hudgins, Aids to Navigation

Section lead foreman, compares old type sun switch, right, with tiny new photoelectric cell type in his outstretched hand. The old type operates by expansion and

contraction of a cylinder affected by

absorption of light rays, but not by

temperature changes.

i
Geographically, Here

Originally Miraflores Locks was to have been the change-over point for reversal of the colors. The buoys and beacons, spaced in pairs about 3,000 feet apart, are part

of the more than 2,000 road signs for ships which are the responsibility of the Aids to Navigation Section of the Dredging Division. These also include

markers and lights for ranges, breakwaters, entrances, banks, channels to dump areas and project sites, and lighthouses extending 300 miles out in the Caribbean and 200 miles out in the Bay of Panama.

About 1,500 of the lights are electri- cally operated, powered by shore current, 82 are operated by acetylene gas, 72 are battery powered, and there are 387 unlighted markers. Of the unlighted

ones, 226 mark small boat channels in Gatun Lake used by many Panamanian

farmers. Buoys are on a general periodic over- haul schedule every 18 months if in

salt water, every 5 years if in fresh water.

Fifty gas buoys have been converted

to electric buoys under a program

started in fiscal year 1960, and there

still are 82 gas buoys to be converted.

Electric powered navigation aids are no better visually than the gas aids, but

there's substantial dollars and cents savings in servicing. Gas buoys containing four cylinders of 180 cubic

feet of compressed gas to a cylinder

need resupplying about every 3 months,

only every 4 months if equipped with

sun valves which conserve the gas

supply.

Batteries placed in the same amount

of space that the gas cylinders occupy, however, provide enough power so that they have to be replaced only once a

year, reducing the number of servicing

stops and man-hours required by 2 to 3 trips a year. The electric powered buoys, lighted

with 1,000-hour bulbs costing $1.25

each, are equipped with automatic lamp

changers so that if one bulb burns out, another automatically replaces it. There

usually are 1 or 2 good bulbs left in each automatic changer at the end of a year. As beacons of wooden pile construction are due for replacement, they are being replaced by heavy-duty 12-inch

steel pipe. In softer bottom foundations

such as mud, sand, or clay, they are driven to proper supporting depth with

a pile driving hammer. In rock bottom,

the end of the pipe is specially prepared

(See p. 23)

The Panama Canal Review 5

wW^S

This is the geographical half-way point through the Canal. The view is looking east in San Pablo Reach, about 5% miles west of Gamboa. Transit- ing is the Chinese merchant ship Haishang, dwarfing the launch Shad,

which sweeps the Canal electronically to make sure it's kept clear of

obstructions. Darien is in the background.

Roy R. Shuey, leader machinist, with, left to right, a fixed single burner light, a double

flasher unit with multiple burners, and a single flasher with multiple burners. The fixed

single burner is for a constant light, the double flasher unit for offshore installations having two different characteristics in one lantem. The flasher with multiple burners provides

a brighter light than does a single burner flasher.

Julio Collazos, electrician, with a bank of re-charged batteries ready to be placed in buoys

and beacons. Each charge lasts up to a year to 14 months and some of the batteries have been in use for as long as 16 years.
¥ A

Carlos H. Herrera is a foreman at the Launch Repair Shop at Gamboa and has been with the Canal since 1943. He is shown working on

the molds of the Lark, a new 50-foot launch under construction at the shop. A carpenter by trade, he has worked on sho maintenance at the Port Captain's Office and at the Industrial Division shops in Balboa. He is now an expert boat builder.

FORTY-ONE Industrial Division employees—most of them Panamanians,

have been working as members of a new

Panama Canal unit and learning new

trades which will make them far more

useful members of the local labor force. Some of them have been recruited from other units and divisions of the Panama Canal and others have been

hired in Panama, but all became part

of the relatively new Gamboa Launch

Repair Facility, which has been set up

in Gamboa as part of the Panama Canal

Industrial Division. The new unit was organized in April

New frames for old deck molds on the Panama Canal launch Skate are being put

into place by Cristobal Joseph, a Panamanian carpenter, who has 15 years of experi- ence with the U.S. Navy and the Panama

Canal. He is now learning ship repair and

shipwright skills.

1960 and moved from the Industrial Division area in Cristobal to the Dredging Division yard in Gamboa. Some of the men already had boat building and

repair experience and others had trades which were good background for their LAUNCHES

Ahoy!

new work. Their job: to maintain, repair,

and build small floating equipment for the Panama Canal. They took part in a ceremony re- cently at the Gamboa Launch Landing

and proudly watched the official transfer to the Navigation Division of the Manta and the Mola, two brand new

harbor launches. The men had reason

to be proud. They had built the launches themselves from stem to gudgeon—and with the exception of the

diesel engines, were responsible for every bolt, every nail, and every coat

of paint.

Two other harbor launches now are under construction at Gamboa. Thev

are the Tarpon and Lark, both Navigation Division launches, which are scheduled to go into service next year. Under the direction of Kenneth

Bailey, an expert shipwright with many

years of experience with the Panama

Canal, the members of the Launch

Repair Unit also take care of the reconstruction and repairs necessary for all other Panama Canal small floating

equipment. They are getting some new

ideas—such as that of building a boat

upside-down—and putting them into practice. This method, which might be

compared to building a house starting

with the roof, is expected to work very

well with small floating equipment.

It is being tried out with the mail-andfreight launch Tarpon now taking shape

in the shop.

It takes training to do the precise job that Omar Martinez is completing here at the

Industrial Division Launch Repair Shop.

He is making repairs to the quadrant on

the launch Anayansi. Martinez has been

with the Canal only 6 months and is learn- ing new tricks of the trade every day

although he has had many years of experi- ence in boat building and ship repair work

in Panama.
Paint scraping is part of the work at the Launch Repair Shop. Here

veteran employee James Miller works on the Oriole, a Balboa

launch which is undergoing extensive repairs at Gamboa.

That upside-down boat in the background is the U.S. Tarpon,

a mail and freight launch in the making. The young workman in the foreground is Napoleon Myta, a 26-year-old Panamanian who

is cutting the framing which will be bent lengthwise over the molds

and ribbands of the new launch. He has been with the Canal

6 months and is using skills he learned as a boat builder in Panama

as well as new ones he is learning at the Launch Repair Shop.

Harold Ranger, right, a third-year boat builder and shipwright

apprentice, works with George Phillips, a helper who has been

with the Canal for 22 years. Ranger is a graduate of the Canal Zone schools and is learning a trade with the Panama Canal

Industrial Division. Phillips is a veteran who is one of the men

transferred from the Dredging Division to the new Launch Repair

Facilities in Gamboa.

Caulking a garboard strake of the Panama

Canal Launch Oriole is Joshua E. Lowe,

who learned boat repair work during a 16-year period of employment with the U.S. Navy. He has been working with

the Panama Canal for the past 2 years and is becoming an expert on small boat

repair work of all types.

Survey of jobs is being made by William J. Kilgallen, right, position classification specialist in the Personnel Bureau, who is shown interviewing a group of employees at the Gamboa

Launch Repair shed. The men are working on the U.S. Tarpon, a new launch being built for the Navigation Division. From left to right are Carlos H. Herrera, a foreman; Dimas

Cornejo, Francisco Martinez, and Napoleon Myta.

.-**"»
Members of the office staff of the Marine Bureau are shown here with Capt. Richard G. Jack, bureau director. Left to right are: Mrs. Ethel Brown statistical clerk; Walter A. Dryja, assistant to the Marine Director; Captain Jack; Mrs. Joan C. Fitzgerald, secretary "and

Feter N. Riley, acting administrative officer during leave of absence of Charles T. Jackson, bureau administrative officer

MARINE DIRECTOR Capt. Richard

G. Jack, a man who has made his opinions heard and felt in the Canal

organization for the past 2Vz years, will be leaving the Isthmus early this month

for a new assignment as Commanding

Officer of the U.S. Naval Receiving

Station at Brooklyn, N.Y. As he prepares to depart the Isth- mus, Captain Jack can look back at many improvements in Canal operations during his stay here. A partial

listing of these includes: A new work plan for deckhands

which has reduced their hours, in- creased their average pay, and improved working conditions for them.

(The deckhands now have work

uniforms supplied by the Canal and

their average pay has increased

approximately $10 per week.)

Establishment of career Port Captain

positions on both sides of the Isthmus

and appointment of civilian employees

to the posts for the first time in the

history of the Canal. (Until the past

2 months, both Port Captains always

have been officers of the U.S. Navy.)

Continued reduction in the average

time which transiting ships spend in Canal Zone waters. The average in fiscal year 1962 was 15.5 hours, compared

with an average of 21.3 hours in 1959.

(In recent testimony before Congress,

Governor Fleming said of this: "I think

that those employees directly and indi- rectly engaged in the transiting of

vessels are to be commended for this improved performance.")

Permanent 24-hour operation of the Canal for the first time since it opened

on August 15, 1914. (This change is expected to result in still further reduction in the average time which transiting vessels spend in Canal Zone

waters.)

Modification of certain parts of the

locks to permit safer passage of larger

ships than eyer before possible. (Certain outsize batters near the bottom of the chamber walls in Pedro Miguel

Locks were blasted away to remove the

interference they formerly offered to the bilge keels of large ships.

)

A new definitive statement giving

the maximum dimensions of ships which

would be accepted for transit of the Canal and otherwise defining the physical limitations of the waterway. (The

statement set maximum draft limita- tions of 36% feet when Gatun Lake is at 85 feet.

)

Establishing that Gatun Lake can be

permitted to rise to 87M- feet to permit even deeper draft vessels to transit

safely. The lake equalled the highest

He Made

Changes

level in its history, 87.6 feet, during

Janauary. ( Each additional foot of draft permitted a vessel can mean as much

as $10,000 in cargo revenue for the ship

operator.

)

Admittedly, he's been a burr and

a hairshirt to many in the Canal organization. But even his critics usually

acknowledge his energetic drive toward

the goals he set for himself and the

Canal. One colleague recently commented:

"Captain Jack's been determined that the Canal be utilize-' to the limits of

its capacity. He set out to determine

what those limits were and how to increase them, where possible. In the

process, I think he's proved that he has one of the best engineering minds in the Canal organization."

This determination, established early,

continued right through Captain Jack's tour of duty. When he discovered that the bottom of the Canal was creeping

slowly upward in spots—and thereby

reducing the water depth available for transiting ships—he activated a continuing program for having the high

spots dredged out, personally keeping

tabs on the work.

Captain Jack insists that the improve- ments which have been made—and

others for which the way has been

paved—are "Marine Bureau achieve- ments; not mine. And many outside

of the Marine Bureau have worked

effectively to make them possible."

This is typical of the man. No shrink- ing violet, neither is he slow to praise others when praise is warranted.

Repeatedly, in many ways, he has

demonstrated his pride in Marine

Bureau personnel.

"It's a good organization," he says. "There are hundreds of excellent, conscientous, able employees in it who

make operation of the Canal smooth

and efficient. I've had excellent cooperation all along the line in the things

I've tried to do." The accomplishments during Captain

Jack's tour of duty haven't been simple. He's stuck his neck out in support of unproved innovations. He's steadfastly supported subordinates who have

done likewise—and suddenly found

themselves in the vise of hindsight

second-guessing by others. Not an austere man, nor an adherent

of routine, Captain Jack made the rounds of Marine Bureau operations

without regard for the clock. He's

visited working units at odd hours of the night, made hospital calls on

injured Marine Bureau employees, and

(See p. 23)

July 5, 1963
Neil A. Armstrong, 32, was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio. He is 5 feet 11 inches tall, weighs 165 pounds, and has blond hair and blue eyes. The son of Mr. and Mrs.

Sterber Armstrong of Wapakoneta, he is married to the former Janet Elizabeth Shearon of Chicago, 111. They have one son,

Eric, 5. His last assignment was as NASA

test pilot on the X-15 program at Edwards

Air Force Base, Calif.

It's a far cry from the age of electronic gadgets and a space craft to a sling shot, homemade, but that's the temporary transi- tion Astronaut John Glenn made. This weapon could be handy for jungle survival. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's 16 astronauts participated in tropic survival training last month at Albrook Air Force Base in the Canal Zone. Frank Borman, 34, was born in Gary, Ind. He is 5 feet 10 inches tall, weighs 163

pounds, and has blond hair and blue eyes. The son of Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Borman

of Phoenix, Ariz., he is married to the former Susan Bugbee of Tucson, Ariz. They have two sons—Frederick, 11, and

Edwin, 9. The Air Force major's last assignment was as instructor at the Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards

Air Force Base, Calif.

The Panama Canal Review
M. Scott Carpenter, 38, was born in Boulder, Colo. He is 5 feet lOVz inches tall, weighs 155 pounds, and has green eyes and

brown hair. His wife is the former Rene

Louise Price of Clinton, Iowa. They have

four children—Mark Scott, Royn Jay, Kristen Elaine, and Candace Noxon. He

is a lieutenant commander in the Navy.

Carpenter was the pilot of the MercuryAtlas orbital flight May 24, 1962. He completed a successful three-orbit space flight

Classroom activities were part of the

astronauts' training before they took to the jungle in pairs to test their abilities. Here tropical water animal species they

might encounter are identified by instructor H. Morgan Smith.

John Herschel Glenn, Jr., 41, was born in Cambridge, Ohio. He is 5 feet 1054 inches

tall, weighs 168 pounds, and has green

eyes and red hair. He is the son of Mr.

and Mrs. John Glenn of New Concord,

Ohio, and his wife is the former Anna

Margaret Castor of New Concord. They

have two children, John David and Carolyn Ann. A lieutenant colonel in the Marine

Corps, he has been awarded the Distin- guished Flying Cross five times and holds

the Air Medal with 18 clusters. He was

pilot for the Mercury-Atlas 6 three-orbit space flight February 20, 1962. A
Charles Conrad, Jr., 32, was born in Phila- delphia, Pa. He is 5 feet &Vi inches tall, weighs 138 pounds, and has blond hair and blue eyes. The son of Charles Conrad,

Sarasota, Fla., and Mrs. Frances V.

Sargent, Haverford, Pa., he is married to the former Jane DuBose of San Antonio,

Tex. They have four sons—Pete, 8, Thomas,

6, Andrew, 4, and Christopher, 2. He is a Navy lieutenant and his last assign- ment was as safety officer for Fighter

Squadron 96.

Astronaut James Lovell watches a boa

constrictor, one of the jungle hazards

included in the indoctrination.

Leroy Gordon Cooper, 36, was born in Shawnee, Okla. He is 5 feet 9 inches tall, weighs 150 pounds, and has blue eyes and

brown hair. His mother, Mrs. Leroy G.

Cooper, lives in Carbondale, Colo. His

father, who died in 1960, was a colonel

in the Air Force. Cooper's wife is the former Trudy Olson of Seattle, Wash. They

have two daughters. Camala K. and

Janita L. He is a major in the Air Force. Cooper completed a successful 22-orbit mission May 16, 1963, traveling 575,000

miles, or more than enough for a round

trip to the moon.
Virgil Ivan Grissom, 37, was bom in Mitchell, Ind. He is 5 feet 7 inches tall, weighs 150 pounds, and has brown eyes and brown hair. His parents are Mr. and

Mrs. Dennis D. Crissom of Mitchell. His

wife is the former Betty L. Moore, also of

Mitchell. They have two sons, Scott and

Mark. A major in the Air Force, he holds

the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal with cluster. Crissom made a suborbital space flight down the Atlantic range from Cape Canaveral July 21, 1961.

TROPIC SURVIVAL SCHOOL

AIR FORCE CREWMEN of the U.S. Air Forces

Southern Command are called upon to fly, as a matter of routine, over some of the most rugged

country in the world; their air routes take them

across mountain ranges, over broad lakes and

streams, tropical rainforests and thick jungle, and

arid wasteland.

The nature of these airmen's mission always

presents the possibility that any of these airmen

could find himself on the ground and afoot in the

wilderness, with the problem of surviving following

a successful forced landing.

To teach these aircrew members of the U.S.

military services survival methods under all types

of circumstances, the U.S. Air Force operates the

Tropic Survival School at Albrook Air Force Rase. At the school, headed by a veteran anthropologist, 5 days of lessons begin with emergency proce- dures for crash landing, ditching, and bailout and

use of the survival equipment each plane carries,

ranging from life vests and rafts to flashlights and

signalling mirrors.

Students then progress to the study of survival

techniques, learning what plant and animal life is

poisonous and which edible, how to erect shelters of natural products, techniques of survival medicine, and how to meet the people who inhabit

the undeveloped and primitive regions of Latin

America.

A small zoo of animals to be found in Latin

America serves as an invaluable training aid for

this part of the course. When the student has been taught how to survive

after he is forced down, he then learns how to travel over any type of terrain whether lowlands, jungle,

cloud forest, mangrove, secondary growth, or

desert, so that he can make his own way back to

civilization, if searchers fail to locate him.

The course culminates in an exercise under "field conditions," so that each student can practice the

techniques he has learned in classes, building traps

and shelters, constructing rafts and hammocks, and

making an overland trek. Graduation day finds each student prepared for survival in the Amazon jungles and rivers and

equally prepared to survive in the freezing cold,

waterless highlands of the Altiplano.

James A. Lovell, Jr., 34, was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He is 5 feet 11 inches tall, weighs 165 pounds, and has blue eyes and

blond hair. He is the son of Mrs. Blanch

Lovell, Edgewater Beach, Fla., and his wife is the former Marilyn Lillie Gerlach

of Milwaukee, Wis. They have three children—Barbara Lynn, 9, James Arthur,

7, and Susan Kay, 4. A Navy lieutenant commander, his last assignment was as

flight instructor and safety officer with VF

101 at the Naval Air Station, Oceana, Va.

\
James A. McDivitt, 33, was born in Chicago, 111., the son of Mr. and Mrs. James McDivitt of Jackson, Mich. He is 5 feet 11 inches tall, weighs 155 pounds,

and has brown hair and blue eyes. He is married to the former Patricia Ann Haas

of Cleveland, Ohio, and they have three children—Michael, 5, Ann Lynn, 4, and

Patric W., 2. An Air Force captain, his

last duty assignment was as experimental

flight test officer at Edwards Air Force

Base, Calif.

Astronaut Walter Schirra takes a piece of wild pork from roasting stick, part of a

jungle meal.

Walter Marty Schirra, Jr., 40, was born

in Hackensack, N.J. He is 5 feet 10 inches

tall, weighs 170 pounds, and has brown

hair and brown eyes. His parents are Mr. and Mrs. Walter M. Schirra of Honolulu,

Hawaii, where his father is a civil engineer with the Air Force. His wife is the former

Josephine C. Fraser of Seattle, Wash. They

have two children, Walter HI and Suzanne.

Schirra, a commander in the Navy, holds

the Distinguished Flying Cross and two

Air Medals. He completed a successful

six-orbit flight October 3, 1962.
Elliot M. See, Jr., 35, was born in Dallas, Tex. He is 5 feet 8 inches tall, weighs 150 pounds and has brown hair and blue eyes. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Elliot See

of Dallas. His wife is the former Marilyn

Jane Denahy of Georgetown, Ohio. They

have two daughters, Sally, 6, and Carolyn,

5, and a son, David, 1. His last assignment was as an experimental test pilot for General Electric Co. at Edwards, Calif.

Astronaut Edward White accepts a piece

of the heart of a palm tree from an Air Force instructor as part of a jungle meal.

Alan B. Shepard, Jr., 39, was born in East Derry, N.H. He is 5 feet 11 inches tall, weighs 160 pounds, and has blue eyes and

brown hair. His parents are Colonel and

Mrs. Alan B. Shepard of East Derry, his father being a retired Army officer. His

wife is the former Louise Brewer of Kennett Square, Pa. They have two daughters, Juliana and Laura. Shepard is a com- mander in the Navy. He was the pilot for the United States' first manned space

flight, sub-orbital, down the Atlantic range May 5, 1961.
Donald K. "Deke" Slayton, 39, was born

in Sparta, Wis. He is 5 feet 10V4 inches tall, weighs 160 pounds, and has blue eyes and

brown hair. His parents are Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Slayton of Sparta. His wife

is the former Marjorie Lunney of Los

Angeles, Calif. They have one son, Kent.

Slayton is a major in the Air Force. Slayton was to have been pilot for the mission later assigned to Astronaut Carpenter when a heart condition prevented Slayton's making

the flight.

Astronaut Scott Carpenter in foreground

prepares to taste items on the menu for a jungle meal—including wild deer, wild

pork, iguana (lizard), yucca, plantain, and

taro root.

Edward H. White H, was bom in San

Antonio, Tex. He is 5 feet 11 inches tall, weighs 171 pounds, and has auburn hair and brown eyes. The son of Major General and Mrs. Edward H. White of St. Peters- burg, Fla., he is married to the former

Patricia Eileen Finegan of Washington, D.C. They have two children—Edward, 9, and Bonnie Lynn, 6. The Air Force

captain's last assignment was as an experi- mental test pilot at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.
Thomas P. Stafford, 32, was born in Weatherford, Okla., the son of Mrs. Mary

Ellen Crabtree of Weatherford. He is 6 feet

tall, weighs 170 pounds, and has black

hair and blue eyes. He is married to the former Faye Laverne Shoemaker, also of Weatherford. They have two daughters—

Dianne, 8, and Karen, 5. An Air Force

captain, his last assignment was at the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.

Some of the astronauts and members of the official NASA party had time before they left the Isthmus to go sightseeing, including a visit to Miraflores Locks. Here they're briefed on the locks controls by Frank Azcarraga, third from left, of the Canal Zone Guide Service.

An informal picture of Astronauts Neil Armstrong, foreground, and John Glenn,

in the lobby of the Tivoli Guest House. At left is Holda Sanchez of the Canal Zone

Guide Service, one of a group of guides on hand to help during the press conference which followed the training session.

John W. Young, 32, was born in San Francisco, Calif. He is 5 feet 9 inches tall, weighs 168 pounds, and has brown hair and green eyes. He is the son of William H. Young of Orlando, Fla. His wife is the former Barbara Vincent White of Savannah, Ga. They have two children—Sandra,

5, and John, 3. The Navy lieutenant commander's last assignment was with Fighter

Squadron 143 at Miramar Naval Air

Station, San Diego, Calif.
C. M. Holcomb, leader, lock operator,

electrician, at Miraflores Locks, examines one of the motors which actuate indicators showing position of miter gates, valves, and water level in locks chambers. These

motors purr quietly beneath the table top

of the locks control board. From this . .

.

WIDE MODERN use of selsyn (self synchronizing) electric motors can be

traced back directly to original equipment installations for the Panama Canal, one of the earliest, if not the earliest, major uses of such motors. The Canal

selsyn systems still are in operation to remotely indicate the position of lock gates and other machinery.

Modern versions of these selsyn

motors, many in miniaturized form, are used to indicate landing gear and flap

positions for aircraft, and by several manufacturers for elevator control. Use

for Navy fire control, a function they

still have, dates back to World War I. The selsyn motor was invented about

1908 or 1910 by A. E. Bailey, Jr., for remote indicator measurement of water

level, according to historical data of the General Electric Co.'s Specialty

Motor Department and recollections of some of the senior members of the department.

Selsyn motors are used on Canal

machinery which may be stopped at intermediate points of travel: machinery

to move miter gates, rising stem

valves, and to indicate water level in locks chambers. They make possible

synchronous indicator systems.

A complete synchronous indicator

consists of a transmitter motor at the machine in the lock wall and a receiver, or "slave," motor at the switchboard in the control house. Transmitter and

receiver are identical. From equidistant

points on the winding of the trans-

'Slave'

Motors

mitter, lead wires run to similar points on the winding of the receiver. Part of the transmitter motor revolves or moves

with the machine to which it is attached. As it revolves, the current sent to the

receiver causes its moving part to revolve to the same angular position.

This moving part of the receiver, known

as the rotor, is geared to a pointer, or small model of the locks machine, or to some other indicating device, which it drives. The present motors for control house

indicators are smaller than the original ones, which were l

xk inches in diameter.

Those now in use measure only about

5% inches in diameter and weigh only

about half as much. The original motors were replaced during the change from

25-cycle to 60-cycle current completed

in 1958.

Indicators are used for all machinery

operated from the control house, to show the operator the position of each

machine at all times. In the case of some

machines, operation of a motor lasts only a few seconds, and indication of the position of the machine is given by

simple means of red and green lights.

Such machines are the cylindrical valves and auxiliary culvert valves. It is never expected, in normal operation, to stop these machines at any intermediate

point in their travel. Only the completed

operation is indicated by the red and

green lights.

General Electric was awarded the construction days contract for centralTo this

These are some of the indicators atop the

control boards operated by the motors. A

pair of rising stem valves is represented by

the double faced index in the foreground, with horizontal lines to mark the quarter,

half, and three-quarter openings. The

tallest instruments show level of the water

in the various chambers.

. . . for these

ized interlocking controls for locks operation on the assertion of one of its engineers, Edward M. Hewlett, that he

could make the system work. But it hadn't been devised yet when the

contract was awarded.

Hewlett consulted with the engineer

of a firm that made interlocking rail- road switch devices, to obtain a bid on

that part of the work. He was told that he was suggesting something that "can't be done at the price you require."

Weeks of reading, designing, and

experimenting by Hewlett followed. Within 6 months he had a working

model of the indicating system and the

interlocking system, the ones that were

accepted, operating when the Canal

opened, and have remained basically

unchanged ever since.

One of the latest type miniaturized selsyntype motors used to indicate landing gear and wing flap positions in civilian, commercial, and military aircraft.

The Panama Canal Review 17
WHAT'S THE

QUESTION?

RECOPILACION

DE LEYES DE LOS REYNOS

DE LAS INDIAS

MANDADAS IMPRIMIR , Y PVBLICAR

POR LA MAGESTAD CATOLICA DEL REY

DON CARLOS II

NVESTRO SENOR.

VA DIVIDlDA EN QVATRO TOMOS,

con el Indice genera! , y al principio de cada Tomo el Indice

, j !* > efpocUIdelosululo^quecontiene. TOMO PR1MERO

,'

A J i

- &•

£ MtirU: Por. Ivlum be Parepej, Ano de 1681.

Title page of an old Spanish law book, one of a set dating back nearly three centuries.

WAS THE MOON full at the time

Morgan attacked Old Panama?

What does the word "maru" mean?

Many of the Japanese ships that transit the Canal carry the word "maru" as part

of the name. When was the Hotel Washington, on

the Atlantic side of the Isthmus, built and opened?

These are just three of the some

15,000 reference and research questions

asked yearly at the Canal Zone Library.

About 1,000 questions a month is the average in the Main Library, Ancon,

and some 60 percent of that number

represent official queries. Mrs. Beverly C. Williams is chief reference librarian. Official questions, research questions, Panama Collection

questions, and any others that require

extensive research come to her desk. Mrs. Catherine Brown serves as

assistant reference librarian, Mrs. Alice Turner and Mrs. Verna Winstead are

relief reference librarians. The Canal Zone Library has been

answering questions for almost half a century. It was established August 24,

1914, by Colonel Goethals as the official technical reference library for the Pan- ama Canal organization. Public library services were added later, but the principal mission of the Beference Librarian

still is to answer reference or research questions of the Canal organization.

One of the oldest, and most interesting, of the books with which the re- search librarian may work is a four- volume set of old Spanish law books,

"Recopilacion de Leyes de los Reynos

de las Indias," a compilation of laws

printed in Madrid, Spain, in 1681 by

order of His Catholic Majesty King

Carlos II. The books were presented to

18 July 5, 1963
the Canal Zone Library by Frank H. Wang, who before his retirement was

adviser to the Canal Zone Governor. The volumes are of handmade watered

paper, bound in skin, with hinges and

lacings of leather. Pages are adorned

with ornamental initial letters, characteristic of early handwritten and printed

work.

Mrs. Beverly C. Williams, chief reference

librarian, at left uses a microfilm reader which projects reproductions of pages of newspapers onto a screen on which they

may easily be read in the search for reference data.

And at right she inspects one of the library's many maps. These maps date back to 1453, with one a copy on linen of a map

now in the British Museum. There are a number of other original drawings, some

from the archives of French construction

days, others reportedly made by Colombian and Venezuelan Jesuit priests.

Maru? According to Japanese-speaking people in Panama, the word means

round, or complete, or perfect. One of the Canal Zone librarians, by chance,

found this quotation in a novel she was

reading:

"Castles were called that in the old feudal days . . . because they were

complete in themselves. So is a ship

at sea."

Official services of the Canal Zone

Library reference staff are available from 7:15 a.m. to 4:15 p.m., weekdays,

and non-official reference service is available from 9:30 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., on Mondays through Fridays. Refer- ence assistance also is available on

Saturdays.

Anyone with a question is welcome

to bring it to the Canal Zone Library

research staff. The reference service, besides satis- fying the requirements of the Panama

Canal organization, lends assistance to other U.S. agencies on the Isthmus

including the Armed Forces and the State Department, and extends nonofficial service to employees of the U.S. Government and families and other

residents of the Isthmus. The Canal Zone Library assumes the

auxiliary role of elementary, junior high,

high school, and college library in its considerable service to students and

teachers. The reference service is avail- able in the branch libraries of the Canal

Zone, as well as the Main Library, and

branch librarians and attendents in cir- culating libraries refer questions to the reference librarian.

Despite the fact that the books are nearing the three-century mark they

still may be consulted in the course of research work, as many of the laws

they contain have been applicable in Panama.

The Canal Zone Library contains

approximately 200,000 items, including

about 135,000 books, as well as documents, pamphlets, bound and unbound

magazines, maps, prints, and manuscripts. Besides this material, the refer- ence librarian has a type of working

reference file. Since the first reference

librarian was assigned to the Canal

Zone Library, each has contributed to

this file. Here are to be found the refer- ence librarians' own notes on difficult and unusual questions that have been

asked—and answered. These touch on

subjects that would not show up in a card catalog, like the question on whether the moon was full at the time

Morgan attacked Old Panama.

The answer to that, by the way, is that quite likely the moon was full, for the attack came in January 1671. A

study of phases of the moon of that date indicated a full moon was due.

Mrs. Alice Turner, left, assistant reference librarian, and Mrs. Vema Winstead, general

services librarian and relief reference librarian. The Panama Canal Review 19
CANAL HISTORY

50 y[ear3 c4go

PLANS for a tunnel for a Canal crossing

after its completion were abandoned

because of cost. A tunnel in the vicinity of Paraiso Junction had been considered. A committee was appointed to study the possibility of utilizing car

floats as a means of communication

between the east and west banks after removal of the dike at Gamboa.

Resignation of Maurice H. Thatcher

as a member of the Isthmian Canal

Commission and head of the Department of Civil Administration, was

forwarded to Washington, to take

effect August 8. Slides in the Culebra Cut section became unusually active. Since February 5, when a major break occurred,

there had been five different movements, each of which upheaved the bottom of the Canal, destroyed construction tracks, and, in some cases, damaged equipment.

25 yeard cAg.o

A 1 -YEAR-OLD cabin boy was on the crew roster of the Scandinavian motorvessel Rena, which transited the Canal

en route from Manila to New Orleans. His father was master of the ship, his mother signed on as stewardess and

another of their sons, 7 years old, also was carried as a cabin boy.

Work was nearing completion on the Bald Rock Lighthouse, to replace the Bona Island light, long known as the

last Panama Canal lighthouse south- ward. The new light is across a 150-foot channel from Bona Island. Engineers,

mechanics, and others at work on

the new light were conveyed by the

lighthouse tender Favorite. A Navy Department report to the House Merchant Marine Committee

opposed construction of a Nicaraguan

canal, recommending further study of the billion-dollar project. Commerce

and War Department and Federal

Maritime Commission spokesmen were

quoted as voicing similar attitudes.

10 y[eari c4§o

MARCEL OLLIVIER, Charge d'Affaires of the French Embassy in Pan- ama, planted the first hibiscus in a hedge at the old cemetery at Paraiso where a number of Frenchmen who

died during the Canal construction era are buried. The cemetery had been

cleared of undergrowth and the hedge

planting was part of the work toward

making it a memorial to the French

contribution to construction of the Canal. A copy of the film "Operation Doorstep," showing a recent atomic explosion and its effect on two houses during

tests in Nevada, was received for showing at a series of Civil Defense town

meetings. . Main offices of the Locks Division were transferred from the Administration Building back to the former

headquarters at Pedro Miguel Locks.

One yfear cAgo

PASSENGERS disembarking from the New Zealand liner Rangitiki were among the first Canal Zone visitors arriving by ship to be greeted by

members of the new Canal Zone Guide

Service. An earthquake rated as Force IV in intensity shook the Balboa Heights

Administration Building. Center of the quake was some 110 miles southwest of Balboa, off the Cape Mala area. No

damage was reported.

.ACCIDENTSFOR

THIS MONTH

AND

THIS YEAR

MAY

ALL UNITS

YEAR TO DATE

FIRST Alt)!

CASES

'63 198

1266(36)

'62 205

1231

CASES

DAYS

ABSENT

' 62 '63 '62 10 123 29

50 2761 7182

( ) Locks Overhaul Injuries Included In total.

'63 19

88(9)

RETIREMENTS

EMPLOYEES who retired in May, with

their positions at time of retirement

and years of Canal service: Amariz Camarena, Carpenter, Terminals

Division, Atlantic Side; 13 years, 11 months, 12 days. Alexander Centeno, Scrap Materials Sorter, Supply Division, Pacific Side; 31 years, 4 days.

Cristino Chifundo, Guard, Terminals Division, Atlantic Side; 16 years, 8 months, 22 days.

Wilbur J. Dockery, Lead Foreman (Fuel

Operations) Terminals Division, Atlantic

Side; 34 years, 8 months, 27 days. James D. Dunaway, Finance Branch Superintendent, Postal Division, Pacific Side; 29 years, 1 month, 28 days.

Cyril L. Edghill, Guard, Terminals Division, Atlantic Side; 44 years, 8 months, 21 days.

Rupert R. Foster, Leader Flame Cutter, Supply Division, Pacific Side; 33 years, 5 months, 11 days. Jonathan Harris, Cargo Marker, Terminals

Division, Atlantic Side; 16 years, 8 months, 13 days. Leon V. Heim, Customs Inspector, Cus- toms Division, Atlantic Side; 15 years, 8 months, 29 days. Arthur J. Hunter, Bookbinder, Printing

Plant, Atlantic Side; 37 years, 4 months, 6 days. James R. Johnston, Supervisory Operating

Accountant, Accounting Division, Pacific Side; 29 years, 4 months, 27 days. Albert King, Leader Seaman, Navigation

Division, Atlantic Side; 23 years, 15

days.

John D. Lowe, General Foreman (Docking and Undocking), Navigation Division, Atlantic Side; 12 years, 4 months,

29 days. Mrs. Marguerite Maphis, Appointment

Clerk, Personnel Bureau; 19 years, 1 month, 18 days.

Thomas Marial, Guard, Terminals Division, Atlantic Side; 37 years, 7 months,

10 days.

Lyle B. Morau, Police Sergeant, Police

Division, Pacific Side; 18 years, 3 months, 24 days. Frederick O. Roland, Senior High School

Teacher, Division of Schools, Atlantic

Side; 23 years, 5 months, 7 days. Walter T. Schapow, Leader Machinist,

Industrial Division, Pacific Side; 26

years, 9 months, 5 days. Robert J. Sieler, Window Clerk, Postal

Division, Pacific Side; 11 years, 8

months, 3 days.

Channan Singh, Stevedore, Terminals

Division, Atlantic Side; 33 years, 6

months, 18 days.

Freddie S. Southerland, Police Station Clerk, Police Division, Pacific Side; 23 years, 9 months, 1 day. Miss Emily M. Thomas, Presser (Garment),

Supply Division, Pacific Side; 21 years, 9 months, 17 days.

Leonard A. Thompson, Stevedore, Ter- minals Division, Atlantic Side; 15 years, 11 months, 24 days. Robert Van Wagner, Chief, Employee

Services Branch, Personnel Bureau; 24

years, 4 months, 15 days.

Joel Williams, Fork Lift Operator, Terminals Division, Atlantic Side; 43 years, 28 days.

20 July 5, 1963
ANNIVERSARIES

(On the basis of total Federal Service)

ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION

BUREAU

Anthony J. Kuc, Leader Joine! William S. Walsl Operator, Dipper Marco Adonia

Helper Electrician Robert Bennett

Painter

SUPPLY ANDCO*««rNn

SERVICE BUREAU

Ignatious F. Prince Stockman

MARINE BUREAU

Leonard Wolford

Supervisory Marine Traffic Controller Cyril TC^David

"erTfainter Ripton J^LvWlyn

HelperYGAieral)

POTATION AND

ALS BUREAU

. Ashby

utomotive Equipment

Serviceman Horace Lewis

Cargo Checker

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

William J. Monzon

Customs Inspector

Herbert L. Clark

Clerk

ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION

BUREAU

Patrick A. Alexis Helper Central Office Repairman

B. A. Beluche

Surveying Technician

Douglas Kelly

Oiler (Floating Plant-Boom)

Isaiah MacFarlane

Seaman

Rafael Rodriguez M.

Seaman

Hiram L. Smith

Roofer

HEALTH BUREAU

Ramon G. Caballero Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Surgery)

Nina I. Mitchell Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Surgery)

Valentin Navarro Cook

D. C. Samaniego

Medical Technician

(Chemistry)

MARINE BUREAU

Joseph M. Bateman

Leader Lock Operator

(Machinist)

Victor H. May, Jr. Marine Traffic Controller

Rex Victor Sellens Leader Lock Operator

(Machinist)

Rafael Alvarenga

Line Handler (Deckhand)

Jos6 A. Avalos Line Handler (Deckhand)

Matilde Beltran Lock

Ferdinand L. Laurie Helper Lock Operator

Aurelio Newball

Clerk Manuel S. Ponce

Leader Maintenanceman

Pablo Ramos

Boatman

Sydney J. Richardson

Line Handler (Deckhand)

Joaquin P. Ruiz

Seaman (Launch)

Zephaniah E. Scott Line Handler (Deckhand)

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Asia L. Bennett

Utility Worker

Alice A. Bonnick

Sales Section Head

Eldica Cumberbatch

Assistant Baker

Jose A. Del Cid

Laborer (Heavy)

George L. Douglas

Truck Driver Mildred R. Henry

Grocery Attendant

Clinton A. Lewis

Milk Plant Worker

Hasborn J. Lindo

Warehouseman

Maud Irene Lynch

Stock Control Clerk Joseph Rankin

Guard

Ivy Sealey

Grocery Attendant

Prince A. Spencer

Retail Store Supervisor

TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Margaret M. Dietz Accounting Clerk

F. P. McLaughlin, Jr. Leader Liquid Fuels Wharfman

Alphonso Bell Clerk Oscar A. Lowe

Leader Stevedore (Dock)

Marcelino Morales

Boiler Tender

Leopoldo A. Murillo Line Handler

The Panama Canal Review 21
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

EMPLOYEES promoted or transferred between May 5 and June 5 (withingrade promotions and job reclassifica- tions are not listed)

:

INTERNAL SECURITY OFFICE

Ivan D. Hilliard, Supervisory Security

Specialist (General) (Assistant Chief of

Internal Security), to Security Officer

(Assistant Chief of Internal Security).

Frank Wilder, Security Specialist (General),

to Security Specialist. ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Reinaldo Perez, Messenger, to Messenger

(Motor Vehicle Operator). Carol L. Vidaurri, Substitute Teacher, Division of Schools, to Clerk-Translator. CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Howard J. Toland, Police Private, to Police Sergeant, Police Division. Carlos A. Diaz, Truck Driver, Dredging

Division, to Detention Guard, Police

Division. Frank Berry, Fire Protection Inspector, to Fire Sergeant, Fire Division. Marguerite G. Arens, Clerical Assistant, to Administrative Services Assistant, Canal Zone Library.

Customs Division Daniel L. Jenkins, Police Private, Police

Division, to Customs Guard.

Joseph F. Dolan, Charles R. Soukup, Cus- toms Guard, to Contraband Control

Inspector.

Division of Schools

Lucile E. Torstenson, Substitute Teacher,

to Teacher (Elementary-U.S. Schools). Ariosto E. Ardila, Substitute Teacher,

Latin American Schools, to Teacher

(Senior High-Latin American Schools). Wilfred E. Layne, Substitute Teacher, Latin American Schools, to Senior High

Teacher, Latin American Schools. Alcides Bernal, Charlotte A. Toussaint,

Substitute Teacher, U. S. Schools, to Secondary Teacher, Latin American

Schools. Allan B. Forte, Jr., Part-time Teacher,

Latin American Schools, to Secondary

Teacher, Latin American Schools. Colon Guardia, Sergio A. Ruiz, Luis P. Sealy, Julio C. Sinclair, Substitute

Teacher, Latin American Schools, to Secondary Teacher, Latin American

Schools. Annette P. Corodova, Millicent F. For- cheney, Juan Phillips, Luis P. Sealy, Substitute Teacher, Latin American

Schools, to Junior High Teacher, Latin American Schools. Bridget A. Hogan, Alba E. Sosa, Shailer

J. Yearwood, Substitute Teacher, Latin American Schools, to Teacher (Elementary-Latin American Schools). Yuda Morhaim, Thelma E. Osorio, Substitute Teacher, Latin American Schools,

to Part-time Teacher, Latin American

Schools. Ivonne M. Frederick, Constance A. Gallop,

Substitute Teacher, Latin American

Schools, to Elementary Teacher, Latin American Schools.

ENGINEERING

AND CONSTRUCTION

BUREAU

Electrical Division Lester H. Fennel, Meteorologist (General)

to Meteorologist (Climatology).

Lucio Gondola, Seaman, Dredging Division, to Maintenanceman.

Claude S. Brathwaite, Jr., Laborer

(Cleaner) and Waiter (Special) to Laborer (Heavy) and Waiter (Special). Dredging Division Charles J. Connor, Mate, Dipper Dredge,

to Master, Drill Barge.

Conrad L. Jarvis, Laborer (Heavy) to Messenger.

Vilando B. Wynter, Helper Rigger, Industrial Division, to Laborer (Heavy).

George Parris, Scrap Materials Sorter, Supply Division, to Helper (General). Engineering Division Numan H. Vasquez, Electrical Engineer

(Equipment) to Electrical Engineer

(Power Systems).

Manuel Lopez, Engineering Technician

(Electrical) to Electrical Engineering

Technician. Ricardo A. Young, Cartographic Compilation Aid, to Surveying Technician.

Julio Jimenez, Truck Driver, to Messenger

(Motor Vehicle Operator).

Maintenance Division Richard E. Parker, Engineman (Hoisting

and Portable) to Leader Engineman

(Hoisting and Portable). Clarence W. Dougherty, Towing Locomotive Operator, Locks Division, to Engineman (Hoisting and Portable). Harold A. Walker, Oiler, to Refrigeration

and Air Conditioning Plant Operator. Osvaldo Arauz, Helper Sheetmetal Worker

to Roofer. Gilberto Budil, Truck Driver to Roofer. Henry G. Fergus, Helper Machinist (Maintenance) to Oiler. Nicomedes Hidalgo, Laborer to Asphalt or Cement Worker.

Jose F. Flores, Laborer to Helper Machinist

(Maintenance).

Joseph E. Brown, Laborer to Laborer

(Heavy). James D. Maloney, Laborer (Cleaner) to Laborer.HEALTH BUREAU

Mary B. Egolf, Clerk-Stenographer to Secretary (Stenography), Office of the

Director. Pedro Perez, Stockman, Supply Division,

to Storekeeping Clerk, Coco Solo Hospital. Gorgas Hospital

Mary F. Rose, Staff Nurse (Surgery) to Head Nurse (Surgery). Charlene C. Johnson, Dental Assistant

(Restorative) to Dental Assistant (General). Jos£ A. Matos, Truck Driver to Medical

Aid (Ambulance).

Division of Veterinary Medicine

Dr. Louis Fink, Dr. Kenneth C. Zimmerman, Veterinarian (Public Health) to Veterinarian.

Dr. Robert D. Wallace, Veterinarian (Clinical) to Veterinarian. Dr. Nathan B. Gale, Jr., Veterinarian (Laboratory) to Veterinarian.

Division of Preventive Medicine

and Quarantine Adele V. Argo, Staff Nurse (Obstetrics), Coco Solo Hospital, to Head Nurse

(General). Maxine G. Davis, Clerk-Typist, from Locks

Division.

Division of Sanitation Adal S. Dawes, Laborer, Maintenance

Division, to Laborer (Heavy Pest Control). MARINE BUREAU

Navigation Division Ivan N. Hardy, Seaman to Leader Seaman.

Oscar A. Jones, Line Handler (Deckhand)

to Seaman. Gordon L. Mesquita, Laborer (Cleaner) to Line Handler (Deckhand).

Damian Gill, Jr., Counterman, Supply

Division, to Laborer (Heavy). Earl W. Worrell, Clerk-Typist, Mainte- nance Division, to Clerk. Rupert L. Neblett, Arlington A. Petro, Clerk-Typist to Clerk.

Industrial Division Walter G. Brown, Inspector (Scales and

Oil Meters) to Leader Machinist. Joseph F. Green, Domingo D. Hinds, Robert E. Holland, John L. Irwin, Gust

E. Rosene, Shift Engineer (Mechanical),

Electrical Division, to Machinist (Marine). Candelario Pineda, Leader Painter (Maintenance) to Painter. Owen E. Christopher, Painter (Maintenance) to Leader Painter (Maintenance). Roberto Carrasco, Scrap Bailing Machine

Operator, Supply Division, to Helper

Rigger.

Guillermo Villarreal, Laborer (Heavy),

Supply Division, to Painter (Maintenance). Herman Brown, Helper Rigger to Crane Hookman.

Juan Garc£s, Helper Lock Operator to Helper (General). Gladstone E. Casis, Vincent C. Lahley, Robert A. Lord, Hugh L. Reid, Clerk

to Timekeeper.

Locks Division Denton W. Broad, Daniel P. Kiley, Nils W.

Jonson, Control House Operator to General Foreman (Lock Operations). Robert V. Dean, Leader Lock Operator

(Electrician) to Control House Operator. Elbert T. Chappell, Jr., Welder, Mainte- nance Division, to Welder. Edward B. House, Liquid Fuels Gager,

Terminals Division, to Guard. Rowland R. Hayward, Guard to Towing

Locomotive Operator. James A. Jones, Marcos F. Rueda, Painter

to Leader Painter. Adolphus A. Stewart, Carpenter (Maintenance) to Carpenter.

Cayetano De Hoyos, Marcos Smith, Line Handler to Helper Lock Operator.

22 July 5, 1963
OFFICE OF THE

m\

COMPTROLLER

Donald J. Bowen, Supervisory Accountant

to Supervisory Operating Accountant

(Chief, Agents Accounts Branch), Accounting Division. SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Supply Division John P. Corrigan III, Supervisory Storage

Officer, Storehouse Branch, to Merchandise Management Officer (Housewares),

Office of General Maneger.

Robert C. Meehan, Assistant Retail Store Manager, Office of General Manager, to Supervisory Storage Officer, Storehouse

Branch. Edward L. Lowe, Retail Store Management to Cafeteria Manager. Rae N. Ebdon, Transportation Loss and

Damage Claims Examiner to Accounting

Assistant. Margaret M. Larrison, Sales Clerk to Voucher Examiner.

Winston M. Haye, Leader High Lift Truck

Operator to Supervisory Storekeeping

Clerk. John H. Francis, Clerk to Accounting

Clerk. Alfred A. Robinson, Utility Worker to Warehouseman.

Christiana Cragwell, Bus Boy to Sales

Clerk. Carlton Dawkins, Laborer (Heavy) to Warehouseman.

Sislin Lindsay, Presser (Flatwork) to Presser

(Shirts). Community Services Division Norman N. Bonnick, Lead Foreman

(Grounds) to General Foreman (Grounds).

Roderick L. Hart, Mail and File Clerk to Clerk. Edward B. Webster, Accounting Assistant

to Housing Project Assistant. TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Barbara Berkowitz, Clerk-Stenographer to Clerical Assistant (Stenography), Water

Transportation Division, New Orleans,

La. Terminals Division Donald C. Parker, Robert H. Rathgeber,

Liquid Fuels Dispatcher to Lead Fore- man (Fuel Operations). Cedric F. Gittens, Clerk-Typist to Per- sonnel Clerk (General; Typing).

Teofilo Bryan, Seaman, Dredging Division,

to Guard.

Felix P. Baltodano, Santiago Castillo, Celio Cedeiio, Eduardo Lopez, Joseph Price, Florentino Sanchez, Juan A. Vega, Dock

Worker to Stevedore. Harry Gaile, Dock Worker to Carpenter

(Maintenance).

Alfred Davidson, Glenn H. Durant, Carl

R. Kinsman, Calvin A. Phillips, Santiago

Sanguillen, Gerald A. Small, Clemente

E. Stevens, Cargo Marker to Clerk

(Checker). Hurut Sheldon, Frederick R. White, Utility

Worker, Supply Division, to Cargo

Marker. Roberto N. Hall, Frances A. Jolliffe, Utility

Worker, Supply Division, to Cargo

Marker.

Carlos Grenald, Waiter, Supply Division,

to Helper Liquid Fuels Wharfman.

Railroad Division Ralph L. Davis, Yard Conductor and Road

Conductor, to Yard Conductor and Road

Conductor and Train Dispatcher.

OTHER PROMOTIONS which did not

involve changes of title: William E. LeBrun, Supervisory Personnel

Security Specialist, Internal Security

Office. Horace F. Jenner, Merchandise Management Officer (Housewares), Supply Division, Office of General Manager.

Robert J. Saarinen, Assistant Guest House

Manager, Supply Division, Service Center Branch. Gerald H. Halsall, Housing Project Assistant, Community Services Division. Mazie C. Schwarzrock, Interpreter (Stenography), Internal Security Office. Dorothy H. Benny, Office Services Supervisor (Typing), Engineering Division. Betty M. Ragthgeber, File Clerk, Internal Security Office. Alice M. Turner, Verna S. Winstead, Li- brarian, Canal Zone Library. Dora M. Mcllhenny, Library Assistant, Canal Zone Library.

Eugene L. Buonviri, Irma V. Pasco, Time,

Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Accounting

Division. Lloyd E. White, Clerk, Industrial Division. John Lawrence, Clerk, Maintenance Division. Luis Fierro, Surveying Aid, Engineering

Division. Juan Gonzalez, Charles M. Inniss, Timekeeper, Industrial Division. Norma M. Jones, Pauline S. Landers, Card

Punch Operator, Accounting Division.

He Made Changes

(Continued from p. 8)

spent Christmas Eve calling on those on duty in order to offer his personal

greetings and good wishes of the season. Numerous complimentary letters have been received by him from ship

operators, attesting to their appreciation of the Canal's efforts to serve them.

One recent example, from Ralph B. Dewey, president of the Pacific American Steamship Association, is typical:

"My short stay in Panama renewed

once again my high regard for the fine job that not only your office but the

entire Canal management has done in the matter of vessel dispatch. It is really an eye-opener to learn the story at

first hand."

What has driven him to the often fre- netic activity which has characterized

him as Marine Director?

"I prefer working to loafing," he says with his hearty, good-natured laugh.

"This Canal was built to serve ships and

you can't serve ships on an 8-hour

day and a 5-day week. The shipping

business just doesn't operate that way.

And since I'm of the world of ships, neither do I."

3|L

p.^-"* *-

Some of the equipment behind the reli- ability of navigational aids lights. At left is a 4-lamp automatic bulb changer. Center, foreground, is a motor-driven electric

flasher, and at right is a transistor operated

flasher. In the rear is an S-Iamp automatic bulb changer, being used experimentally.

Mid-Point in Canal

(Continued from p. 5)

with carboloy inserts and actually

drilled into the rock 8 to 10 feet by

use of a barge-mounted rotary drill machine. The pipe is reinforced with

steel rails and filled with concrete after driving.

Nearly half of the approximately 50

wooden pile beacons have been re- placed in this manner since 1960. Instal- lation cost of a steel beacon is about

$1,500 and estimated life is at least 20 years. Wooden beacon installation cost

is approximately $3,000 and life expectancy only 10 years. Some buoys and beacons bear frac- tional numbers, such as 6OV2 and even

6OV4. These are supplementary aids

installed in critical areas at the request

of the Marine Bureau where single

devices have been found inadequate.

The red glass in the red lights absorbs approximately 60 percent of the light,

resulting in a reduction of nearly 20

percent in visibility distance for them,

compared with white lights of the same

power. Even the red buoy and beacon

minimum visibility distance in clear weather, however, is 5 miles. A unit of the Dredging Division since 1957, the Aids to Navigation Section now has 82 employees engaged full time on aids work and 30 employees

making up crews and work parties on

floating equipment who are diverted

part time from dredging work for sea

trips.

The Panama Canal Review 23
o HIPPING

Little, But Lively

ONE OF THE best customers the Panama Canal has these days is the

little 183-foot tanker Seatown which

transits northbound one day and south- bound the next with the regularity of a ferryboat. Since June 14, 1962, when

the ship started the Atlantic to Pacific run, the Seatown has made nearly 100

transits. During May, the schedule was

stepped up and the Seatown made 25

transits in that one month. The litde tanker is, without a doubt, one of the most likely candidates for the best cus- tomer of the year plaque awarded

annually by the Panama Canal. Not only does the tanker go through

the Canal more than any other ship,

she gets preferred treatment when she

is carrying high test gasoline. This means she is on a clear cut preference

list on an equal basis with her 650-foot super sisters. The Seatown works for the Panama

Refining Co. and loads oil and other petroleum products at Las Minas Bay

for delivery to Balboa. She has a length

of 183 feet and a Panama Canal net tonnage of 357 tons. This means that she pays about $240 in tolls when she

is in ballast and about $320 when she

is loaded.

Tanker "Seatown."

TRANSITS BY OCEAN-GOING

VESSELS IN MAY

196S 1962 Commercial 988 984

U.S. Government 24 16 Free 8 11

Total 1,020 1,011

TOLLS •

Commercial $4,993,868 $5,124,471

U.S. Government 117,173 95,265

Total $5,111,041 $5,219,736

CARGO00

Commercial 5,722,332 6,057,628

U.S. Government 91,452 126,131 Free 49,264 58,341

Total 5,863,048 6,242,100

'Includes tolls on all vessels, ocean-going and small.

•* Cargo figures are in long tons.

New Panama Flag Ship

A FAMOUS old troop ship, which made

a number of trips through the Canal

during the last war, is now flying the Panama flag. She is the former Noor- dam, a 10,000-ton passenger freight

vessel, sold recently to the Cielomar

Shipping Co. of Panama by the Holland

America Line. During World War II, the Noordam carried more than 70,000

allied troops and equipment. Recently

together with the Westerdam, she has

maintained direct service between Rot- terdam and New York for 150 pas- sengers and about 7,500 tons of cargo.

New Chinese Freighter

THE MV Oriental Venus, built in France and delivered recentiy for service with the Orient Overseas Line, Inc., made her maiden voyage through the Canal in May on her way to Formosa.

Wilford & McKay, agents for the line, say she will join other vessels on the Far East-New York run and will make

regular trips through the Canal in the

future. The new Chinese freighter, which

flies the Liberian flag, has a hold

capacity of 837,880 cubic feet and

17,660 cubic feet for refrigerated cargo.

In addition, she has accommodations

for 12 passengers in air conditioned

quarters; a deluxe suite, dining salon, smoking room, library, bar, cafeteria,

and a winter garden with oriental decorations.

f5

Cargo Record

A RECORD CARGO of coal and a near

record for cargo of any type was carried southbound through the Canal in May

by the collier Nagano. The ship carried 45,809 long tons of coal loaded in Hampton Roads where this was re- ported to be a new peak figure for a

single-ship cargo of coal. The loading

required 815 railroad cars, which form

a train more than 6 miles long—a record

for the Norfolk & Western Railway, too. The Nagano, 757 feet long and with

a 102-foot beam, was on her maiden

voyage to Japan with high grade metallurgical coal for the Fuji Iron & Steel Co.. She is owned by Oswego Ocean

Carriers, Ltd., is operated by the Marine

Transport Lines, Inc., and is under

Liberian registry. Wilford & McKay,

agents for the ship at the Canal, say

that the ship is expected to return the middle of July from Peru, where she

is to pick up a cargo of iron ore for Baltimore. If she takes advantage of the Panama Canal allowable draft of 37 feet, the Nagano is capable of carry- ing more than 51,000 long tons of cargo through the Canal.

Seaborne Salt

ANY CARGO can be carried in bulk

these days, it seems—even salt. The

53,090 deadweight ton Argyll, the

world's largest salt carrier, is expected

to make a trip through the Canal sometime in August. Although the big ship was designed to carry salt from Mexico

to the Pacific Northwest, she can be

used for carrying other dry bulk cargoes such as ore, coal, and grain. Oil could

be carried in the tanks normally used

for ballast. The ship is equipped with self unloading equipment which operates

with twin grab bucket, traveling crane, and conveyer belt system mounted on

the main deck. The bridge is placed

right forward and the main engine aft, with holds and cargo handling equipment between. With the exception of the former Sinclair Petrolore, the Argyll,

with a beam of 106 feet, will be one of the widest ships ever to have transited the Canal.

July 5, 1963



Date Due

Due Returned Due | Returned

IM1£- nTWGHW
12b.300S

P 187

LATIN AMJ$fcK

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 04820 4829