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Genuine Friendship
W. A. Carter, Governor-Presidenl W. P. Leber, Lieutenant Governor Will Arev

Panama Canal Information Officer

,/Li£--K -isu-bsL.

Official Panama Canal Company Publication

Published Monthly at Balboa Heights, C. Z.

Printed al the Printing Plant, Mount Hope,Canal Zone

X. D. Christensen, Press Officer

ii Connor, Publications Editoi Editorial Assistants. Eunice Richard and Tobi Bittei. William Burns, Official Photographer

I in sale at all Panama Canal Service Centers, Retail Stores, and the Tivoli Guest House lor 10 days after publication date at 5 cents eai h. Subscriptions, SI a year; mail and back copies, 10 cents each.

Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights. C. Z.

Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building. Balboa Heights, C. Z.

tmno

JJacional

tie

Manama

Alcanzamos por fin la victoria

En el campo feliz cle la union

Con ardientes fulgores de gloria

Se ilumina la nueva nation.

Es preciso cubrir con un velo

Del pasado el calvario y la cruz Y que adorne el azul de tu cielo

De concordia la esplendida luz.

El progreso acaricia tus lares

Al compels de sublime caution

Ves rugir a tus pies ambos mares Que dan rumbo a tu noble mision.

En tu suelo cubierto de flores. A los besos del tibio terral

Terminaron guerreros fragores

Solo reina el amor fraternal.

Adelante la pica y la pala

Al trabajo sin mas dilation

Y seremos asi prez y

gala

De este mundo feraz de Colon.

In This Issue

EVENTS which lead to the establishment of a new

and independent country among the family of nations always have a certain drama and poignancy, particularly for the natives of the new country. An account

of the events of November 3, 1903, which led to the independence of Panama, starts on page 3, to provide

readers with some of die history associated with this month's 58th anniversary of Panama's independence.

The account was written in a somewhat longer

version a number of years ago by A. V. McGeachy,

a citizen and lifelong resident of Panama, who for many years was editor of the Star 6- Herald and now

is Editor Emeritus of that newspaper. Mr. McGeachy,

who was 13 years of age on November 3, 1903, gave

permission for The Review to condense the article and publish it in this issue for the benefit of readers

not familiar with the story.

ELECTION of delegates to the nine Civic Councils

of Canal Zone communities is to be held Tuesday,

November 7, and a number of candidates are running

for each vacancy. A listing of the candidates for seven of the nine Councils is on page 15.

IF YOU HAVE questions concerning medical care and how and where to obtain it in die Canal Zone,

the article on page 17 is designed to provide answers

for those most frequently posed to hospital officials. There also is a map of Gorgas Hospital illustrating the article.

November 3, 1903-Day of Destiny. . 3

Reception Readied—for Mules 7

Drilling to Bedrock 8

Spanning Time and Space 9

Visitors 11 Growing Canal for Future Demand _ _ 12

Recognition for Invaluable Service. - 14

Zonians' Colorful Christmas Displays 14

Election Coming Up 15

Worth Knowing 16

Guide to Medical Care 17

Anniversaries 18 Promotions and Transfers 19

Safet) 20

Canal History. . 21

Retirements _ . 21

Quarterly Shipping Statistics-- 22

Shipping 24

2 NOVEMBER 3, 1961
N.OVEMBER 3, 1903, Panama's Day of Destiny,

dawned pregnant with possibilities for the Isthmus

and its people. The first rays of the rising sun revealed

two vessels riding at anchor in Colon Bay. They

carried 500 Colombian troops.

These troops obviously were Colombia's answer to reports of discontent and unrest on the Isthmus.

News of their arrival at Colon caused deep conster- nation among Panamanian leaders in Panama City,

the provincial capital.

The arrival of the troops on November 3 brought

home to the Panamanian patriots the necessity for prompt and decisive action. The leaders invoked

were: Jose Agustin Arango, Manuel Amador Guerrero, Carlos Constantino Arosemena, Nicanor A. de

Obarrio, Ricardo Arias, Federico Boyd, Tomas Arias,

and Manuel Espinosa B. They formed the Revolutionary Junta. Associated with them in an auxiliary

junta were: Carlos A. Mendoza, Juan A. Henriquez,

Eusebio A. Morales, Gerardo Ortega, Carlos Clement,

Eduardo Icaza, Ramon Valdez L., Domingo Diaz,

Pedro A. Diaz, Pastor Jimenez, Carlos Zachrisson,

Porfirio Melendez, and Orondastes Martinez. In addition diere were hundreds of other Panamanians identified with the movement to a greater or lesser extent. The heroic attitude of one woman, Maria Ossa de

Amador, wife of Dr. Manuel Amador Guerrero, is perhaps one of die most important events of that memorable morning of November 3, 1903. Dr. Amador, supreme leader of the separatist movement, was among the first to be informed of the

arrival of troops in Colon.

He immediately started out to inform his fellow

conspirators of the event and its possible effect on

the separatist plan and was invariably greeted with

the remark, "Then, everything is lost." Dr. Amador

returned home in profound depression and dis- consolately threw himself into his hammock, telling Mrs. Amador, "I think everything is lost. My companions are faltering and I fear they will abandon us." Mrs. Amador stiffened her husband's morale by

objecting to the idea of abandoning the movement,

saying, "If you are left alone, then you will have to

fight alone. It no longer is possible to draw back.

Come, get up and begin to fight."

She suggested that Panama Railroad officials might

be induced to prevent the newly arrived troops from

crossing the Isthmus immediately. Dr. Amador saw

great possibilities in the suggestion and hurried out immediately to try to transform it into a reality.

On reaching the street, he encountered H. G

Prescott, Assistant Superintendent of the Panama

Railroad, accompanied by Nicanor A. de Obarrio

Prefect of Panama, who said he had just been

informed about the arrival of the Colombian troops Dr. Amador said he already had told leaders of the

The Panama Canal Review 3

November 3, 1903

DAY

DESTINY

( !ondensed from an article By \. \ VIcGeachj

Editor Emeritus, Stai & Herald

movement and had found them discouraged.

"We must carry out the coup without delay or we

will lose all," Dr. Amador said. The trio proceeded to Prescott's office to call Col. J. R. Shaler, Superintendent of the Railroad, who

lived in Colon. Colonel Shaler immediately consented

to do anything and everything in his power to prevent

the troops from crossing the Isthmus by train. This

point settled. Dr. Amador convoked a plenary meeting

of the Junta at 9 o'clock that morning.
"Allow me to express my gratitude

to the high authorities, both civilian and

military, of the United States of America, for the decisive and wise manner

in which they have acted during all this

time, with the lofty and sincere purpose

of placing the relations of our countries

in the highest form of harmony.

President Chiari addressing Panama

National Assembly, October 1, 1961.

Main voiced the opinion that the movement should be abandoned, but

the determination of Dr. Amador and

Federieo Boyd eventually overcame all opposition. Their opinion was staunchly

supported by Carlos Constantino

Arosemena, who declared:

"If having, as we have, the support of the Batallon Colombia, which the entire Isthmian people stand ready to follow, we still hesitate, then we do not deserve

to be free but should be hanged."

Following this conference. Dr. Amador communicated with Gen. Domingo

Diaz, a leader for whom the populace

of Panama would have gone to any

extremes of sacrifice. General Diaz

established headquarters in a barber- shop in Santa Ana Plaza and summoned

the men who had served as his officers during a revolution the previous year. To them lie entrusted the work of

rail) ing the people.

i I Isteban Huertas, commander of the Batallon Colombia, garrisoned in Panama ( ity, was well aware of the

I'ist plotting and indirectly had

.1 ih, it his sympathies were

with the Panamanian people.

( .' :i i las was informed ol the

arrival ol the hoops at Colon and was

lold that among the officers were

Gen. Juan B. Tovar, who had been

named to relieve him as commander-inchief of all Isthmian troops, Gen. Ramon

G. Amaya, Angel M. Tovar, and Luis

A. Tovar, the last two being nephews

of the commander-in-chief.

Colonel Shaler convinced the Colombian generals to cross to Panama City

alone, assuring them that their troops

would follow in the afternoon as soon

as he could assemble the necessary cars

to transport them.

General Huertas and his Batallon Colombia marched to the Panama City

railroad station to receive the generals.

The appearance on the streets of these veteran troops caused some misgiving

among those who saw them swing down

Central Avenue. Though members of

this unit had resided on the Isthmus for many years and might be expected to side with the people whose joys and

sorrows they had shared over such a

long period, there was no certainty that they would do so. After all, they were

Colombians. Would they line up with

the Panamanians against Colombia?

That was the unknown quantity. At 11 a.m., the Colombian generals

arrived and were received bv the department governor, Don Jose Domingo de

Obaldia, and other notables of the city.

Full honors were rendered by the Batallon Colombia. From the station, the

generals were driven to the Palace of Government. The Batallon Colombia, in

final salute to the newcomers, marched

past the palace and returned to its barracks in Las Bovedas.

Meanwhile, feverish activity was being

displayed by the lieutenants of Gen. Domingo Diaz. News of the revolutionary movement had gained citywide circulation and almost unanimous

response. The Colombian generals noted

the undercurrent of unrest and tense

activity. General Tovar requested that immediate steps be taken to have the

Tiradores troops transferred to Panama

without further loss of time. Governor

Obaldia promised to act immediately.

General Tovar communicated his uneasiness to General Huertas and in- structed him as to the best method of defense in the vicinity of the barracks should the populace stage the rumored

uprising. At this juncture, Dr. Julio J. Fabrega, secretary to Governor Obaldia,

arrived to inform them that Colonel

Shaler was placing obstacle after obstacle in the way of the transportation of the troops; that his latest excuse was

that he could not undertake to move

them because the Colombian GovernNovember 3, 1961
The friendship between the people

of the Republic of Panama and the

people of the United States is well

known and of many years' standing."

Governor Carter speaking at Shaler

Triangle. September 21, 1960.

ment was already heavily indebted to the railroad company. General Tovar

sent word to Colonel Shaler through

Governor Obaldia that he would cover

in cash any account pending between

the government and the Panama Rail- road but, by all means, the troops

should be dispatched immediatelv to Panama City.

The hour was drawing near for decisive action by General Huertas. Free

of General Tovar, he sauntered along Las Bovedas promenade, immersed in

his thoughts, when he encountered

Capt. Marcos Salazar. "What's new?"

General Huertas asked. "General, it is said the Yankees are landing in Colon and are preparing to come and attack us," Captain Salazar

replied.

Throwing his arm over Salazar's shoulder, General Huertas remarked,

"That's nothing. There is another thing more serious which I have not vet communicated to any of my comrades,

because I wish to carry out a plan and

do not wish—if things go wrong— that they be blamed."

"I will second you," Salazar told the

General, though the latter had not indi- cated the nature of his plan. Because

of this spirit of implicit faith and absolute obedience. General Huertas felt confident of success for his project.

About 5 p.m.. General Huertas in- structed Antonio Alberto Valdez to gather a group of determined men and

arrest the Colombian generals at their headquarters. Valdez had started on his mission when he saw the potential

prisoners on their way to the barracks. The plan frustrated, Valdez hurried to inform Gen. Domingo Diaz of the

situation. General Tovar, increasingly con- cerned by the unusual activity and

evidences of unrest, asked General

Huertas if he knew anything about it. Huertas admitted he had heard some

things, but was prepared for any

eventualities. Though fully realizing the grave danger he was in, General Huertas remained calm and, with all the courtesy

and unconcern possible, asked General Tovar to excuse him while he mounted

a few pieces of ordnance on the parade

ground. Then Huertas turned away from

the group. At that instant, he caught

sight of Captain Salazar, whom he called. Entering the barracks with the captain, General Huertas ordered him to arm himself. Salazar left to do so and on

his return found Huertas in the assembly

hall with eight soldiers, fully armed

with rifles and fixed bavonets. General Huertas told Captain Salazar: "Arrest all those who are sitting on

the bench outside." "Who?" asked the captain in astonish- ment. "The generals?"

"Yes," replied Huertas. "Let it be

them rather than us. You will arrest them and take them to the police station, where you will turn them over to the custody of Commandante Arango."

Captain Salazar unsheathed his sword

and went out with his men, whom he

lined up behind the benches. Stepping

to the front, he stood before the group

of officers and said: "Gentlemen, you are under arrest." General Tovar leaped to his feet. "Under arrest," he roared, challenging

the insolence of this captain. "Don't von know the eommander-in-ehiet ol the army?"

"I never have been made to recognize

him," retorted Captain Salazar. General Tovar then sprang for Salazar, but the latter presented the threat- ening point of his sword. At the same

time, he gave the order that brought

the points of the bavonets on his men's

rifles against the backs of the others on

the bench.

The Panama Canal Review
'We have . . . attained an

atmosphere of great cordiality

in our relations with the communities of the Canal Zone."

President Chiari making his annual "State of the Union" address, October 1, 1961.

Furious, General Tovar called: "Huertas! Huertas! Where is Huertas?" To this the captain replied: "There is no Huertas now. Here will be done only that which I order. You are my prisoners."

General Amava interrupted, saying,

"General, we are indeed prisoners; there

is no remedy." The generals then were

escorted to the police station. The populace, summoned to Santa Ana Plaza, awaited word to move for- ward and procure arms at the barracks

of the Batallon Colombia. Arehibaldo

E. Boyd reached the plaza with the news that the Colombian generals were

prisoners and the Panamanian populace,

absolutely unarmed, started on the last leg of their move to sever the last ties that bound them to Colombia.

The crowd swarmed toward the

barracks' parade ground (today the

Plaza de Franeia) only to find the end

of the narrow streets blocked by a strong

guard. The guard, ignorant of the true mi aning of this invasion of the army's

sacred premises, prepared to resist the advance. It was only through the deter- mined efforts of Sgt. Manuel Samaniego,

in immediate command of the detachin his. tint a bloody massacre of the unarmed Panamanians was avoided.

ant Samaniego called for Genho appeared at the doors

barracks and ordered:

11 in: they come to give us

prot ctipn."

Within a few minutes, the parade

ground was thronged by an enthusiastic

mass of patriots, already glorying in the triumph of their cause. General Huertas had ordered Captains Clodomiro and

Luis Gil to allow the people into the

barracks, but quickly changed his mind

and directed that they move to the Las Monjas barracks, situated where the National Theater stands today. The

general accompanied them and placed

Don Carlos Clement in charge of the arms distribution. The arming of the populace was fol- lowed by the rounding-up of all Colombian leaders in the city. At about

7:30 p.m., Governor Obaldia, the last representative of Colombian rule on the Isthmus, was placed under arrest and

confined in the home of Dr. Amador.

With these details completed, General Huertas and General Diaz entrusted the duties of officer-of-the-day to Col. Victor Manuel Alvarado. Apparently all danger of attack was

remote, in view of the fact that Colonel

Shaler had steadfastly obstructed all efforts by the Colombians to cross the Isthmus. But there still was some

element of danger from the naval units

in Panama Bay, especially from the Bogota, commanded by Col. Jorge Martinez L., who was not in sympathy with

the separatist move.

"Either you deliver the generals to me," Colonel Martinez had written Dr. Amador, "or I will bombard the city." In a verbal reply through the messenger who brought the note. Dr. Amador said, "Tell him to do as he pleases."

At about 8 p.m., the Bogota fired the

first hostile shot in the separatist movement. Seeing Capt. Raul A. Chevalier

nearby, General Huertas ordered him

to man the battery on Las Bovedas and

return the Bogota's fire. Captain Chevalier's first shot almost

grazed the Bogota's bow—the ship was

backing out of the anchorage—but his second fell short, the vessel having

succeeded in getting out of range of the

light 3-inch gun. The Bogota fired a total of 9 shots. One fell in El Javillo district and caused

the death of a Chinese citizen. Another

fell on a private residence on First

Street, totally destroying the roof. A third

fell on the building originally occupied

by the Normal College for Girls on West

12th Street. The 6 other shots fired by

the ship caused no damage whatever,

apparentlv falling short. Ashore, the Municipal Council gath- ered in extraordinary and solemn session.

It was meeting to approve and accept

the separatist movement and the absolute independence of the Isthmus from

Colombia for all time. This action took

place in the same chamber where,

<S2 vears previously, the Municipal

Councilmen of 1821, on November 28,

proclaimed the independence of the Isthmus from the rule of Spain. The

action by the Municipal Council, late on November 3, definitely confirmed

the movement that severed the country

from Colombia and established the Republic of Panama.

6 November 3, 1961
WHILE operating tests equal to 6

months of actual work at the locks of the Panama Canal are being given to the first of six new towing locomotives now nearing completion in Japan, plans

for receiving the new "mules" and putting them into operation on the east lane of Gatun Locks are far advanced.

Two veteran lock operators have

visited Japan, watched the mules in operation, familiarized themselves with

the controls and functioning of the machines, and recently have returned

to the Canal Zone, ready to serve as

instructors when the new locomotives

arrive. Two other locks employees,

Oliver H. Hendrickson and Douglas S. Smith, have gone to the United States

to study the hydraulic equipment used

in the winches.

Robert Blair and Felix Karpinski

spent several weeks in Japan studying

the performance of the new locomotives

and, in written reports to Locks Division

Chief Roy Stockham, said they believe

the new mules will be completely satis- factory, although they did comment that

it's going to take operators a little while

to become familiar with the handling

characteristics of the new machines.

To take care of that problem, the Engineering and Construction Bureau

has made a film on the mules and the Locks Division is preparing a handbook explaining the operation of the new locomotives and their appurtenances. Each of the new machines is equipped with two hydraulieallv-driven cable winches, in contrast to the single

mechanically-operated winch on each

of the present mules. Operators will be

given an orientation on the new machines before they start using them

to assist ships.

The two winches, which are considered the single most outstanding

feature of the new mules in contrast with the old ones, each are capable of exerting a pull of 35,000 pounds, thus

giving each of the new machines a total of 70,000 pounds of pull, in contrast to the 25,000 pounds of the present mules.

Arrival of the six new locomotives at Gatun Locks also will mark the beginning of the end for the last of the 25-cycle electric current installations in the Zone. In the Zone-wide changeover

from 25-cycle current to 60-cycle cur- rent which was started in 1954, the towing locomotives were not modified

to use the 60-cycle current. The new

machines will use it. however.

In preparation for the changeover, new electrical installations to supply the power for the new mules now are being made on the east lane at Gatun. The new circuits and other equipment

are being installed without removal of

Reception

Readied

. . . for Mules

First of six new towing

locomotives is put

through its paces on

test track in Japan.

the 25-cycle current installations, which

must be used until the changeover.

When the time comes, the changeover

will be completed by making a few final connections and then pulling the switch on the 25-cycle current and throwing

the switch on the 60-cycle. If circumstances should require the new locomotives to be taken out of service during

the 3-month test period planned for them, it will be a similarly simple matter

to restore the 25-cycle current for use by the old locomotives. Each of the new machines will weigh

approximately 55 tons, about 5 tons more than the present locomotives. To

insure adequate strength in the lock

walls to support the additional weight

and the extra power of the new machines, the bridging over the gate

recesses has been reinforced. Another major change in the lock

walls which has been necessary to accommodate the new mules has been

the filling of the declivities formerly

occupied by the emergency dams, which

were installed as part of the original lock equipment but have since been

removed. This was necessary in order

to raise the new mules to a point where

the cables, which extend from a lower

point on the new machines than thev

did on the old ones, will not become

(See p. 8)

The Panama Canal Review
(Continued from p. 7) fouled on the lock wall. Two more changes still to be made

at the locks are installation of center

wall turntables and modification of the

repair shelters at the locks. The turntables will be necessary because the

cables of the new locomotives extend

from onlv one side of the machines.

This means that each time one of the new mules is moved from one lane to

the other on the center wall it will have

to he turned around so that cables are

in the correct position. The cables of

the present mules can be used on either

side of the machine, a variation that was not possible with the configuration

of the new locomotives.

The modifications which will have

to be made to the repair shelters will be necessary because the greater width

of the new locomotives will not permit

them to pass the supports of the present

shelters, which are located directly

alongside the tracks on the lock walls.

In" addition to the greater power of

the new locomotives, they also have a

greater variation in speeds at which

they can be operated. The 40-year-old

models now in use have towing speeds

of 1 and 2 miles per hour and a "'run- ning" speed of 5 miles per hour. The

new cues will he capable of towing at speeds of 1, 2, or 3 miles an hour and

can run at 6 to 9 miles an hour when

not helping a ship.

All of the improvements incorporated

into the new locomotives are expected

to make them much more capable of handling the ever-larger ships which

are transiting the Canal. A number of

ships which use the waterway require 10 old-type locomotives to move them

through the locks and help control their movements while in the lock chambers.

A few ships require 12 of the present

locomotives. Canal officials believe that

six of tlie new locomotives will be able

to handle any vessel that can pass through the waterway.

If the 3 months of tests which are to be conducted at Gatun Locks with the

six locomotives scheduled to arrive in [anuar) prove that the new mules are

satisfactory, an order will be issued to the Japanese manufacturers to proceed

with construction of the remaining machines needed to equip the entire Canal. As each set of locks is equipped with

the new locomotives, they also will

i one In lotive crane for use on ti' wall. These locomotive

S, which also will operate on

60-cycle current, will replace the present I i.f 'nines. Thus, by midcle equipment will belong

to history and the future will belong

to tli. more powerful, 60-cycle

machines

Massive bract' and

bit drills hole for

hospital support.

Drilling for Bedrock

THE NEW BUILDING being constructed to house the main offices and

most of the medical service clinics of Gorgas Hospital will stand on tremen- dous underground stilts reaching down

to bedrock and providing a solid footing

for the weight of the structure. A giant brace and bit apparatus is being used by the Case Foundation Co.

to drill holes for the stilts—or caissons,

as they are more formally known—which

will support the 8-story building.

The big drill grinds its way through

earth and rock with equal ease to dig

holes which are from 24 to 54 inches

in diameter and from 35 to 40 feet deep.

By the end of October, most of the 52 caisson holes needed for the hospital were completed and work was

with the ground and

beginning on pouring concrete for the grade beams and spread footings, which

will he flush approximately 6 feet wide.

The next step in the hospital foundation work, which is scheduled to start

in mid-November, will be construction

of the supporting columns which will

rest on the concrete caissons and caps and hold the building proper one story

above ground.

Case Foundation Co., which also has

done work in connection with the Thatcher Ferrv Bridge substructure, is working as a subcontractor with the Uhlhorn Construction Co., prime contractor for the §3 l/2 million hospital

building. The new building is scheduled

for completion early in 1963.

8 November 3, 1961
Maurice H. Thatcher.

AT THE ANNUAL meeting of the Federation Panamena de Education

Vial on July 31, 1930, a motion was

unanimously approved that started a chain of events which have spanned the years since then and recently culminated in action by the U.S. Congress

naming the new bridge across the Canal

in honor of an early Canal Zone official. The motion adopted by the Panama

Federation for Highway Education

directed J. M. Berrocal, president of the organization, to ask Canal Zone

Governor Harry Burgess to name the highway then being built between

Balboa and Arraijan in honor of Maurice

H. Thatcher.

In a letter to Governor Burgess, Pres- ident Berrocal said the Federation he

headed "would like that recognition be

given in this manner to the Honorable

Maurice H. Thatcher for his very successful efforts on behalf of the Republic

of Panama, by having submitted to the U.S. Congress, and secured the passage

thereof, the act that has enabled the

construction of the section of road mentioned and the ferries that will be put

in service across the Pacific enhance of

the Panama Canal." Thus it was that Thatcher Highway

and the associated Thatcher Ferry came

to be named after the youngest member

of the Isthmian Canal Commission; the man who headed the Department of

Civil Administration of the Canal Zone

from May 13, 1910, to August 8, 1913,

thereby acquiring the popular tide of

Public Law 87-125:

'Thatcher Ferry Bridge

"Governor of the Canal Zone," although

that formal title was not actually established until after opening of the water- way in August 1914; the man whose name will be carried into the future by

the Thatcher Ferry Bridge. Mr. Thatcher, who today is the only- surviving member of the ICC, which

guided the Canal organization during

the construction period, still practices

law in Washington. He observed his 91st birthday this past August 15. Throughout the 48 years that have

passed since he concluded his duties

Spanning

Time

and

Space

with the ICC, Mr. Thatcher has re- tained an active interest in the Canal

Zone and the Republic of Panama and

frequently has participated in actions concerning them.

While serving in Congress as a Representative from Kentucky from 1923

to 1933, Mr. Thatcher introduced the

legislation which led to construction

of Thatcher Highway and Thatcher

Ferry and also authored the act which

created the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory in Panama City. Research in tropical diseases at the Laboratory has

Thatcher Ferry crosses the Canal with full load near piers of bridge which will succeed The Panama Canal Review 9
Steel superstructure of $20 million bridge is taking shape under skilled hands of workers.

benefited not only residents of the Isth- mus of Panama, but inhabitants of the

tropics throughout the world.

In recent years, Mr. Thatcher encour- aged action by Congress which provided

retirement pay for the non-U. S. -citizen employees of the Canal organization.

Above the desk in his Washington office

is a certificate making him an honorary

president of the Canal Zone Retired

Workers' Association, an Isthmian organization of non-U. S. -citizen employees.

During his 10 years in Congress, Mr. Thatcher visited the Isthmus on

three different occasions and since World

War II has made three more visits, each

time as a guest of the Canal organization. In a recent interview with United

Press International, Mr. Thatcher said,

"I did what I could to promote good

relations between the United States and

the Republic of Panama. I always tried

to see that the Republic had a fair deal and I believe that I have the good will

ol the people of Panama."

Residents of Arraijan, which was

joined to Panama City by means of the Thatcher Highway, honored Mr.

Thatcher for his efforts in connection

iM) the highwa) and ferry service bv

nting liiin with a plot of ground in

1 i token of their gratitude. her later arranged for his land

mother tract, which

was . iund and named

Parque tnfantil Maurice H. Thatcher

l>\ olfii ials . illage. Mr. Thatcher also has been honored

bv the Government of Panama, wluch

awarded him the Order of Vaseo Nunez

de Balboa con Placa. Ecuador and

Venezuela also have honored him for

his services to tropical America. Ecuador

presented him with the Order of Al

Merito and the Order of the Colon

Alfaro Foundation. Venezuela awarded

him the Order of Libertador (Bolivar)

in 1930, when Mr. Thatcher served as a member of the U.S. Commission

which presented Venezuela with the

statue of Henry Clay which now stands

in the Henry Clay Plaza in Caracas. The new bridge, the soaring superstructure of which will rise 384 feet above the average level of the Canal

below it. will be the largest bridge on

the Pan American Highway, final sectors of which from the United States to Panama City now are under construction. Extension of the highway to South

America will make the bridge a major

link in the intercontinental highwav

connecting the two great continents of the hemisphere. As a personal memento for Mr.

Thatcher, President Kennedy gave him

the pen with which he signed the bill naming the bridge. This was the 13th pen given the former Zone official bv

Presidents of the United States for his contributions relative to various Acts

of Congress.

The Thatcher Ferry, which will be

taken out of service after the bridge is opened to traffic about a year from now, started operation in September

1932. By the time it is discontinued, it

is estimated that 20 million cars and

100 million passengers will have used

it to cross the waterway.

But even as the ferry service passes

into history, the fact of its existence and

the man who plaved a major role in having it established w ill be permanently

memorialized in the name of the graceful and functional structure which will replace it, the Thatcher Ferry Bridge.

Thatcher Highway, connecting Panama City with highway system outside Canal Zone.

10 November 3, 1961
Br ~<i _<^fl\ "

v "> -vi J

j

A )____!

PARA I SO

0.8 MILES

CUCARACHA

1.3 MILES

CULEBRA

1.5MILES

EMPIRE

1.3 MILES

BAS OBISPO -LAS CASCADA5

3.1 MILES

Worfi /o sfarfnextyear and 6e comp/eted in /9GG

PEDRO MIGUEL

LOCKS

GAMBOA

\

THE RESTRICTIVE "big ditch" section of the Panama Canal soon will be reduced to jusl hall its formei length, Famous Gaillard ( Jul through the Continental Divide between l'< 'In, \li guel Lucks and Gamboa still is S miles

long, of course, bui hall of it soon w ill be 500 feel wide Instead ol ;!(»). The

k maining 1 miles v> hich is onl) 300 feel w ide is retreating dail) before the i om

bined clients ol the project contrai ("i and the Canal's Dredging Division.

\ majoi milestone in the ( !ut-« iden

ing projeel is expected !>\ the end ol

(In', month, when widening work is scheduled i<> 1"' finished on ( iucaracha Reach, near < lontractors Hill. < !omp!e- Hon el ilns section <>l the project "ill

miiiIc pre; iouslj w idened < lulebra Reai h with the widened section south ol Con

tractors Hill to produce a continuous,

1-mile strip "I 500 Fool w ide chnnel,

Full benefits to world shipping ol the S46 million widening project will nut

1) realized until work is completed en

the rntive 8 miles in liseal yeai 1968,

but sein ' advantages alread) are resulting, Seme improvements in thr Canal's

service to international shipping w ill devi lop .is the widening wink continu s to shorten the historic bottleneck.

\ Few ol (lie operating and mainte- nance advantagi s expected to result from (In widening work and (he ass... i.iied project of bank lighting now are being realized to some degree Ks the

GROWING CANAL

for FUTURE DEMAND

widening work continues to shorten the unwidened portion of the channel,

the degree to which these advantages

are realized will continue tn increase Majoi advantages expected from completion ol the first half ol (he widening work will he in greatei safet) tin trans- ttingshipsandoccasionall) Fastei transits. The unbroken, 4-mile length of the widened channel will, at least occasionally, be used lei two-wa} traffic bv

ships which previously could not meet

in the (nl Seine northbound ships which in the past would have been

Forced to wait at Pedro Miguel Locks

until a southbound ship reached the other lane of the locks will be able to

proceed into the widened portion of the Cut and meet the southbound ship there. The greater width of the widened

channel will provide more space in which to maneuver vessels safely under

their own power, thus tending to reduce

the danger of ships striking the banks

or requiring the assistance of one or more tugs. Two major factors which are expected

to result from the widening work are:

I I ) Greater us:- of the Cut for two-way

ti attic, with fewer ships being required

to wail until all oncoming vessels have

cleared the 8-mile strip; and (2) a slight increase in average ship speed through

the Cut.

12 November 3. 1961

The ability of the Canal to handle

ships of greater length with more ease and less risk than at present is expected

to result from the greater width of the channel, particularly at the turns which

ships must negotiate while transiting the Cut. Even the possibility of slides is being reduced in the course of the widening work as the slope of the banks is

i duced to help stabilize them. As experience in using the wider

channel is acquired, Canal officials believe ships w ill be able to travel some- what faster than the present limit of 6 knots per hour through the Cut. Any

increase in speed carries with it the concomitant benefit of more effective handling of the ships, many of which

begin to lose the ability to control their own movements at speeds below 6 knots. Thus, an indirect benefit of any increase

in the speed limit would be additional

safety for the vessels involved and, possibly, less need for the help of tugs. At the present time, Foster-Williams

Brothers., has completed approximately 85 percent of the dry excavation on Empire Reach and the Dredging Division has started the wet excavation necessary to complete this section of the project. Even before the dipper dredges

Paraiso and Cascadas complete their part nl the mile-long Empire Reach

project, work is expected to start on the

final 3 miles along Bas Obispo and Cas- cadas Reaches. Present plans call lor bids to be taken on that section early next year and for the work to be c pleted sometime in L966, to drop the

anchor on the biggest Isthmian earth- moving project since the construction period and keep the Canal abreast of the requirements of present-day world

shipping.

Fertilizer for Blasting?

AMMONIUM nitrate, commonly used as Fertilizer, may be used for blasting material loose for removal during the next Canal Cut-widening along Has Obispo and Las Cascadas Reaches, it tests now being conducted in the United States prove successful. Since ammonium nitrate costs considerably less than dynamite and is some- what safer to use under certain conditions, (he extent to which this material could be employed on the remaining Cut-widening might affect the cost of the work and result in considerable benefit to (he Panama ("'anal Company. A study of tests conducted by the Monsanto Chemical Co. ol SI, Louis, Mo., was made in October by Charles McG. Brandl, projeel engineei for tin

( 'ut-w idening project. Mr. Brand! made a preliminary stud) of the use of ammonium nitrate for blasting and later went to Parish, Ala., where Monsanto has been using ammonium nitrate as a blasting material on strip mining operations where

materials being blasted and other conditions are similar to the Canal widening work. The humidity of the tropics is one ol the main deterrants to the use of this material in thr- Canal Zone. Recently, however, Monsanto and other ammonium

nitrate manufacturers have been making tesis and have indicated that they know of a successful way of using it under wet or submerged conditions. The remaining contract will be twice as big as the present Empire Reach

work, with approximately 14 million cubic yards of material to be removed.

It has been estimated that it would take approximately 12'^ million pounds

of dynamite to do the job.

The Panama Canal Review 13
Recognition:

For Invaluable Service

Elouise Games reads letter of appreciation from Governor Carter.

ELOUISE GARNES of the teaching staff at Rainbow

City Elementary School, who for the past 6 years con- ducted a weekly 1-hour class, after regular school hours,

for the prisoners at the Canal Zone Prison for Women

and Juveniles at Gatun, last month received a letter of commendation from Governor Carter, and a check for $200, in recognition of her voluntary service. She was principal of the Chagres School at Gatun

when she volunteered to conduct classes at the prison

in Gatun. The Chagres School was closed on February 7, 1958 and she was transferred to Rainbow City Elementary School, but she continued her classes, even during

her own vacation periods, according to Sgt. George A. Martin, sergeant-in-charge at the Gatun prison.

Instruction was given in Spanish on school subjects consistent with the educational level and ability of the inmates, following the Canal Zone Latin American school curriculum. Under her tutelage, inmates who could only

make an "X" for their names, and couldn't even tell time

when they entered the prison, soon could do both as

their educational levels were raised. Governor Carter's letter commended her highly for her invaluable service, and added his personal thanks

for a job well done. The work Elouise Gaines carried on as a volunteer,

with a 1-hour class once a week, has expanded to a

regular school curriculum on Mondays, Wednesdays,

and Fridays, from 1 to 3 p.m. The classes now are conducted by a teacher assigned by the Canal Zone

Division of Schools.

. . . For Zonians' Colorful Christmas Displays

ELEVEN of the many colorful Christmas decorations

which are displayed outdoors in the Canal Zone during

the annual holiday season are featured in an illustrated

article in this year's issue of McCaU'n Christmas Make-It

Ideas magazine. At least two of the decorating ideas shown were

displayed last Christmas by Zone residents living on Oleander Place in Balboa, a spot more popularly known

as "Santa Claus Lane." Both of the "Santa Claus Lane"

displays were made by Henry Gaskin, an employee in the display shop of the retail store branch. A third display pictured with the article is of two

large, bow-tied lollipops on the door of the James M.

Slover home in Diablo Heights. The other decorations

pictured, none of which are identified by ownership,

are believed to have been displayed in Curundu.

One of the two "Santa Claus Lane" displays was in the lawn of Mrs. Marguerite Orr's home. It shows eight redsuited elves playing a variety of musical instruments. The other "Santa Claus Lane" display, at the home of Wesley Thompson, features Santa and his helpers

carrying packages from the lawn to the top of the house,

via a decorated ladder. Mr. Gaskin, who each year handles outdoor Christmas

di rations for a number of Canal Zone families, has

worked for the Canal organization for the past 12 years. A citizen of Panama, Mr. Gaskin attended Zone schools and took a training course as a printer, but never worked

at the trade, going into the art field instead. A resident

of Rio Abajo, he is married and has four children. Artist Henry Gaskin applies final brush strokes to a self-portrait.

14 November 3, 1961
Election

Coming Up

RESIDENTS of Canal Zone communities housing Company/

Government employees will elect Civic Council representatives November 7, exercising their franchise much as many

residents of the United States will be doing on the same day

in various State and municipal elections.

The men and women selected to serve on the various Civic

Councils will assume much of the responsibilitv for leadership

in their respective communities, just as similarly elected men

and women serve in local, State, and national elective positions

in the United States. The objectives of the Civic Councils in the Zone are to encourage and foster a spirit of community interest among

residents of the various communities and help provide leader- ship in the development and planning of programs where

public interest and welfare are involved. To attain these

objectives, the Civic Councils help formulate and direct plans

for certain community programs, including recreational activities, and make recommendations and suggestions to Company/

Government authorities in matters of public interest and concern. Candidates for posts in seven of the nine Civic Councils are

listed below. Candidates for the two other Civic Councils

had not been named by Review press time.

COCO SOLO CIVIC

COUNCIL

Paul L. Beck

Mrs. Majel Reinheimer

Thomas W. Grimison

Mrs. Joan Hutchinson

Gerald Fruth

Betty Heppenheimer

Henry Heppenheimer

Ray Bunnell

Mrs. Jane Frost lohn Frost Mrs. H. D. Cheshire George D. Edginton

Mrs. Ferry Frazer George Babinecz

Capt. Thomas W. Gove

R. E. De Tore

D. S. Smith

GAMBOA CIVIC COUNCIL

President

Arnold S. Hudgins

Russell A. Stevens

Council Members

Austin J. Byrd

Donald J. Connor

David G. Danziger

Paul Riggs Forrest Marie W. Gibson

Charles S. Howe

Rosalie P. McDaniel

Charles L. Pierce James H. Russell W. Allen Sanders

Katherine A. Sellens

Russell A. Stevens GATUN CIVIC COUNCIL

Mary Dugan

Bill Deaton

Peggy- Valentine

Bettv Wood

Gladys Lasher George Mitchell Anne Kennon

Henning Soilling

Norma DeVoll

Gloria Geddie

Norma Christiansen Sonia Schack

William Clute

Mrs. John Lasher James YVeiselogel

Mamie Clinchard

Art Cherry

Mrs. Dale Fontaine Henry DeVoll

PACIFIC CIVIC COUNCIL

Balboa

Mrs. Ann Dolan

Joseph Dolan

James O'Donnell Harry C. Egolf Daniel R. Harned

Sam Roe

Diablo Heights

Paul J. Brooks

Mrs. M. Evans W. C. Grimes

Gardner R. Harris

C. R. Vosburgh

Wilson YValdron

Ancon-Balboa Heights

Mrs. Mar.orie Brown

J. L. Demers Edwin C. Jones Harrv E. Pearl Harry W. Post Thomas E. Spencer

Al S. Zon

Los Rios

Edward Filo Edward J. Lucas

Roger D. Michel James W. Riley James P. Young

PARAISO CIVIC COUNCIL

Precinct 1

Harold Williams Ravmond George

Cyril D. Atherley Edith Brown

Arthur Betty

Sergio Rueda

Inez McKenzie

Adolfo Bedoya

Precinct 2

Ruben Eversley

Samuel Blenman

Wilbert Gittens Newton Skeet

Lionel Worrell Ruth Smith

Mvrtle Gordon

Precinct 3

Maudlin Holder

Clarence Sisnett Egbert Best Darnley Foster Rebecca Nurse

Alfred Bowen

Norman Blades

Precinct 4

Sylvester Callender

Clifton Lopez

Thomas Sawyers

Cecil Gittens Rupert Phillips Muriel Johnson

Guillermo Dixon

George Richards

Irvin Moore

Precinct 5

Leonard Pennycook

Hubert Thompson

Philmore Alexis Livingstone White

Olive Hinds

Lucille Lawrence

Alphonso Alexis Ernest Williams

PEDRO MIGUEL CIVIC

COUNCIL

Livingston Reece

Earl S. Walrond

Eric I. Raphael

Arthur Davis

Ralph Flemming

T. Jemmott

Robert Bennett Leo Chandler

Stephen R. Gordon

Mrs. W. Layne

Edgar Shaw

Philip Joseph Cleveland Roberts Samuel Turner

Clifford Jemmott

Noel I. Pilgrim Darnlev Smith

A. B. Castillero George F. Earle

Mrs. E. I. Raphael

Mrs. C. Jemmott

C. G. Callender

RAINBOW CITY CIVIC

COUNCIL

Rainbow City District

Kelvin Barnett Harold O. Blackman

Hoklen L. Cockbum

Alberto Dogue

Mrs. Brunilda Dogue

Peter A. Ellis James Harding

Felipe Lee George V. Lewis

Rathburn Springer

Camp Coiner District

Clement Belle Mrs. Myrtle Crooks

William Davis

Cedric Gittens Edward Green

Mrs. Levina R. Greene

Astor Lewis

Mrs. Rose E. Mignott

Rainbow City Heights District

Santiago Graham

Moses N. Raymond

Horace Roberts

Stanley Spence

Kenneth Weeks

George G. Mandeville

Camp Bierd District

Victor Archbold

Ruben Cohen

Purcell Gilmore

Phillip A. Henry

Wilfred R. Johnson Winston O. Thomas

Chagres-Mindi District

Jorge Castro Andres De Leon

Eleuterio Galvez

Richard Holness

Mount Hope District

Percival Appleton Llovd Bennett Wilderth T. Dryden

The Panama Canal Review 15
Worth Knowin!

DR. EZRA HURWITZ, Superintendent

of Palo Seco Leprosarium, is leaving

Canal Zone service this month after 33 wars as mayor, mentor, doctor, and

friend to the Leprosarium patients. Dr. and Mrs. Hurwitz will remain on the Isthmus and have moved to Panama City.

Actually, Dr. Hurwitz was retired from the Canal organization in November 1956. He was immediately re- employed under special authority and

remained in his post as Superintendent

of the Leprosarium for another 5 years. At the time of his formal retirement, Dr. Hurwitz was awarded the U.S. Department of the Army's Meritorious

Civilian Service Award.

Bom in Kansas City, Mo., Dr. Hurwitz has been a Zonian since 1927, most

of which time he spent as head of Palo Seco Leprosarium, where he was the

first resident doctor. For his outstanding service at Palo Seco Leprosarium and his ministration

to the patients, most of whom are Panamanian citizens, the Republic of Panama honored him in 1951 by awarding him the Order of Vasco Nunez de

Balboa in the Grade of Comendador.

At the time of Dr. Hurwitz' retire- ment in 1956, President Ernesto de la Cuardia, Jr., of Panama, attended the retirement program held at the Leprosarium. Canal Zone Governor Potter presented the retirement certificate and

other officials and friends of Dr. and

Mrs. Hurwitz were present.

MEMBERS of the Canal Zone Society

of Professional Engineers are seeking

local applicants for 4-year engineering

scholarships provided annually by the Armco Foundation. Application forms

and complete information about the

scholarships are available from the

principals of Balboa and Cristobal High Schools. Each scholarship recipient will receive

,u i award ol $750 per academic year. The award will be renewed annually up

to a total "I I academic years, providtisfactory personal and scholastic ads are maintained by the winner

and adequate progress is made toward

abaci jree in civil engineering.

Con;, applications for local

seniors must be submitted to the high

school principals by December 1, 1961. A committee of the Canal Zone Society

of Professional Engineers will evaluate

the applications and conduct personal

interviews with all local candidates to

select area finalists. Final selection of the five national award winners and five alternates will be announced about

May 1, 1962.

El Canal de Panama

Cover of new Spanish-language pamphlet.

THE BASIC information pamphlet. The

Panama Canal, Funnel for World Commerce, which describes the Canal and

its operation and which has been dis- tributed for a number of years in English recently has been translated

into Spanish for the benefit of Spanishspeaking visitors to the waterway.

Governor Carter sent complimentary

copies of the new pamphlet to Panama

President Roberto F. Chiari, local rep- resentatives of Spanish-speaking countries, and Panama newspapers, advising

them of the new pamphlet's availability.

President Chiari, in a letter to the Governor, said, "I wish to express my

sincere thanks for your kindness in sending me the pamphlet on the Panama

Canal and its activities, recently published in Spanish. I found it most

interesting reading."

President Chiari also expressed pleas- ure at the initiative shown by Governor

Carter in having the publication issued

in the Spanish language.

A FAMILIAR name and scene caught

the eye of Hartley Rowe of Boston,

Mass., as he turned to page 19 of the September issue of The Panama Canal

Review, where a brief article outlined the history of the bridge which once

carried the Panama Railroad across the Rio Grande.

Writing Governor Carter, Mr. Rowe

said the article was of special interest to him because he was the engineer who

designed and constructed the dam

across the river under the bridge, working under the supervision of Clyde

E. Marshall. Mr. Rowe said the dam was built during November and December of 1904 and January of 1905, and it was

his first engineering and construction job after graduating from Purdue

University in June 1904. About IVz years ago, while visiting the Isthmus as a member of a special

Board of Consultants on Isthmian Canal

Studies who reported to Congress on

a long-range program for Isthmian

Canal transits, Mr. Rowe saw the dam

once more. "While I was not surprised that it was still standing after 56 years, there

are some pertinent factors in refer- ence to the dam which may be of

interest," Mr. Row e said in his letter to Governor Carter. "The concrete was entirely mixed by

hand on mixing boards and was all done

bv four Hawaiians, whom I believe had

jumped a ship. It was entirely rein- forced by Decaulle rails recovered from

the jungle, where they had been left by the French Canal Company. It is, therefore, certain that the steel and

concrete were not nearly stressed to their allowable limits and would be, at the present time, entirely uneconomical."

Governor Carter, in his reply, told Mr. Rowe that in the process of cutting

a 5-foot diameter hole through the dam

as part of a flood control system for the Rio Grande drainage area, some of the

structural qualities of the dam were

revealed. "The concrete drilled and

blasted through in the base of the dam

was in excellent condition and shows no

ill effects of age or shock from the

drilling and blasting," Governor Carter

said. "It again proves that the early- work done with concrete in the Canal

construction was soundly engineered." Mr. Rowe, who served in various

positions in design, construction, and

operation of the Panama Canal from

1904 until 1919, when he resigned as head of the Construction Division, served

as consultant to the Manhattan District, Los Alamos, and was a member of the General Advisor}' Committee of the Atomic Energy Committee from 1946

to 1950.

16 November 3, 1961
Guide to

Medical Care

QUESTIONS frequently arise about medical care, especially

how and where to arrange for needed services while in the Canal Zone. Gorgas and Coco Solo Hospitals combine to provide essential care and services for most Zone residents. Hospital officials point out that children must be accompanied bv a parent if thev are to receive medical treatment, because onlv a parent or guardian can give legal consent for such treatment. They also emphasize that it is not necessary

to pay cash in advance for medical services provided by the Canal organization, although it is desired. To answer some of the other most frequently asked questions, officials of the two

hospitals supplied the answers given below . How to obtain medical care: During regular hospital hours, 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday

through Friday, patients should go to the outpatient clinics, with or without appointments, although appointments are preferred. Outside of regular hours and on Saturdays, Sunda) s. or holidays, patients should go directly to the emergency

rooms. First visit maternity patients should arrange for appointments at the obstetrical clinics.

Gorgas:

Emergency 2-1211 Main Office Outpatient 2-6369 or 2-6454 Bldg. 255

Obstetrical 2-6456 Bldg. 261 Coco Solo: Emergency 3-1211 Main Office Outpatient 34-55 New wing

Obstetrical 34-03 Main Office What to do in an emergency:

Report to emergency room. If possible, someone should

alert the hospital that an emergencv case is on the way by

calling and supplying as much information about the nature

of the emergency as possible. If the patient cannot be moved,

call the emergency number and explain the problem, giving

location of patient. Canal Zone physicians cannot respond to

calls outside the Canal Zone. How to obtain medical care at your Canal Zone home:

If you or a member of your household becomes seriously ill

The Panama Canal Review 17

GORGAS HOSPITAL DIRECTORY

\l \l\ OFFICE

I ;encj room

Information desk Pharmacy

Eye, ear, nose, and throat

clinics X-ray clinii BUILDING 255

( leneral outpatient clinic Blood Bank

Pediatric clinic Annual chest X-rays

Pre-employment and annual

physicals

BUILDING 253

Medical clinic Psychiatric clinic

( )rthopedic clinic Surgical clinic BUILDING 261

Obstetrical and Gynecological

clinicBUILDING 242

Chest clinic Allergy clinic BUILDING 236

Urology clinic (3rd floor) BUILDING 240

Orthopedic brace shop

BUILDING 287

Dental clinic (2d floor)

at home and the services of a doctor are desired, you should

call the emergency room and explain the situation, giving as much information as possible. Normally, it is suggested that the sick person visit the hospital to obtain medical services,

because more comprehensive diagnostic and treatment

facilities are available. How to arrange for dental care or an examination to obtain a prescription for eveglasses:

Arrange an appointment in advance by calling proper clinic. Gorgas:

Eye clinic 2-6453 Main Office Dental clinic _. _ 2-3765 2d floor, Bldg. 2.S7 Coco Solo: Eve clinic 34-63 New wing

Dental clinic __ ,34-13 2d floor, Main Hospital Bldg!

How to arrange for a physical examination:

Arrangements for general, checkup type physical examinations and special examinations such as those required for college entrance, to obtain insurance, and similar purposes each are handled somewhat differently at both hospitals, but

appointments for either type should be made in advance.

Gorgas: General physical. _ __ 2-6369 or 2-6454 Bldg. 255

Special physical _ _ _ 2-6308 Bldg. 255 Coco Solo: General physical 34.55 New u;„,_, Special physical 34-80 New wing
ANNIVERSARIES

(On the basis of total Federal Service)

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Jeanne E. Brown

Elementary and Secondary

School Teacher

Bernadine U. Hanna

Elementary and Secondar

School Teacher

Florence A. Lamson

Elementary and Secondary

School Teacher

ENGINEERING A

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Abel Ortega

Surveying Aid James C. Slade Engineman

MARINE BUREAU

W. Field Foreman Shipfitter A. Duncan

an

Ricketts annd A. Moran

room Attendant PLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE HUREAU

Ronald G. Bushell

Utility Worker

Rupert M. Cranston

Milker Angela R. DaCosta

Packager

TRANSPORTATION AND TERMINALS BUREAU

Wilfred Gittens Clerk Checker

ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Muriel L. Hart Graphotype Machine Operator

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Pauline E. Long

Elementary and Secondary

School Teacher

Mildred H. Slater Elementary and Secondary

School Teacher

Sophie D. McLimans

Elementary and Secondary

School Teacher

Jacob Rand

Window Clerk Elva K. Stewart Window Clerk

Constantine Downs

Clerk Typist

Eugenie E. Plummer

Dressing Room Attendant ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

William L. Bingham

Power Plant Chief Wilfred U. Forbes Helper Machinist

Burnell F. Dowler

( >perator-Diesel Machinist

Alfonso L. Rodriguez

II. avy Laborer

Robert Graham

man

William C. Lashley

Maintenanceman, Distribution

Sysl Ambrosio Rivas Asphalt or Cement Worker

Astor Hawkins

Painter

Vernon C. Douglas

Lead Foreman, Public Works

Road Construction

Elvin S. Binns Surveying Aid

Everette N. Clouse Welder

John W. Huson

Electronics Mechanic

Arnold J. Landreth

Electrician, Pipeline Dredge

HEALTH BUREAU

Edgar J. Moodie

Medical Tecl

Herbert W

Nursing A

Leslie J. Pryce

Nursing Assistant Delsada Perry Can- Nursing Assista, Dorothy E. Medical C

Satry

nography

MA UREAU]

George E. RueyTTrT

General Foreman, Docking

and Undocking

Vincent King

Seaman

James R. S. DeFrees Lock Operator Machinist

Leslie C. Mcintosh

Helper Lock Operator

Luis A. Nieto Launch Operator

D. L. S. Dickenson

Seaman

Candelario Pineda

Lead Painter, Maintenance

Ronald J. Sanderson Heavy Laborer

Bernardino Ortega

Seaman

Evaristo R. Manuel

Boatman

Carlos Giroldi Helper Boilermaker

Jose A. Caciano

Seaman

OFFICE OF THE

COMPTROLLER

Ruth K. Peterson Stenographer

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Supervisor

Pantryman

Gwendolyn V. Batson

Sales Checker, Retail Store

Floris N. King

Flatwork Presser Ethel O. Stephen

Sales Checker, Food Service Margaret Fields

Sales Checker, Food Service Ralph S. Buddie

Heavy Laundry Worker

Abel A. Ortiz Laborer Cleaner

Muriel L. Dovle

Sales Clerk Oscar II. Blackmail

Sales Section Head

Aubrey Brown

Laborer Cleaner

Osvald E. Duggon

Flame Scrap Cutter Enid E. Lascelles

Sales Clerk

Bernice E. Smith

Clerk Typist

Clifford L. Barton

Sales Section Head

G. E. Gittens

Sales Checker, Retail Store

Alice M. James

Clerk Marie O. Strachan

Sales Clerk John A. Gulston Warehouseman

Harold F. Brown

Truck Driver Olga A. Josephs

Pantryman

TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Kenneth L. Reid

Supervisory Clerk Checker

Preston E. Minton

Automotive Machinist Arnold G. Rich

Heavy Laborer

Juan Sanchez

Heavy Laborer

Arthur Thomas

Brakcman

Walter L. Ilund Liquid Fuels Dispatcher

C. de la C. Zapata

Railroad Trackman

John M. Henry

Timekeeper

Gabino A. Escobar

Ship Worker

John K. Brayton

General Foreman, Ship

Cargo Operations

18 November 3, 1961
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

September 10 through October 10

EMPLOYEES who were promoted or transferred between September 10 and

October 10 are listed below. Withingrade promotions and job reclassifica- tions are not listed. ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Elizabeth Lester, from Clerk-Stenographer,

to Clerk (Typing).

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Bernhard I. Everson, from Transportation

and Terminals Director, to Civil Affairs Director. Amos W. De Raps, from Customs Guard,

to Customs Inspector, Customs Division. Division of Schools Dorothy T. Abplanalp, Jane W. Fleet, Patricia E. Grez, Florene H. Olsen, Olga

F. Stallworth, Ana C. Stearns, Vera S. Walbum, Olympia D. Lafuente, from

Substitute Teacher, to Elementary and

Secondary School Teacher. Irma G. Leignadier, from Substitute Teacher, Latin American Schools, to Ele- mentary and Secondary School Teacher,

Latin American Schools. William P. Fusselman, from Student Assistant, Business Administration, Electrical Division, to Life Guard. ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Mae B. Cross, from Accounts Maintenance

Clerk, to Accounting Assistant, Office of the Director. Engineering Division Corwin E. Hinson, Jr., from Towing Locomotive Operator, Locks Division, to Supervisory Surveying Technician. Eustaquio Herrera, from Ship Worker, Terminals Division, to Laborer Cleaner. Dredging Division Austin J. Byrd, Jr., Wilfred A. Campbell,

from Dipper Dredge Engineer, to Chief

Engineer, Towboat or Ferry. John L. Hughes, Jr., Alfred G. Norkunas,

Andrew H. Page, Wallace O. Stendahl,

from Pipeline Dredge Engineer, to First Assistant Engineer, Pipeline Dredge. Bruce Banks, from Lead Foreman, Debris

Control, to Welder.

Pablo C. Petit, from Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator, Community Services Division, to Boatman. James H. Holder, from Navigational Aid

Worker, to Guard.

Gerald Wilson, from Clerk, to Guard.

Electrical Division Robert F. Ausnehmer, John B. Coffey, Jr.. Leslie W. Croft, Jr., from OperatorHydro, to Senior Operator, Generating

Station. Dorothy S. Bright, from Property and

Supply Clerk, to Stock Control Clerk. William Kosan, from Marine Machinist,

Industrial Division, to Shift Engineer.

Maintenance Division William G. Mummaw, from Lead Foreman,

to General Foreman. James F. Ahearn, from Lead Foreman,

Quarters Maintenance, to Lead Foreman

Plumber.

Max C. Conover, from Lead Joiner, to Lead Foreman.

Louis S. Damiani, from Refrgeration Mechanic, to Leader Refrigeration Mechanic.

Malcolm A. Brissett, from Asphalt or Cement Worker, to Carpenter.

Epifanio Hernandez M., from Dock Worker,

Terminals Division, to Heavy Laborer. Contract and Inspection Division Bob D. Maynard, from Lead Foreman

Plumber, to Construction Representative.

Richard Swearingen, from Electrician, to Construction Representative.

George V. Kirkland, from Supervisory

Construction Inspector, to Supervisory

Construction Representative.

Ralph E. Furlong, Jr., from Construction

Inspector, to Supervisory Construction

Inspector.HEALTH BUREAU

Olga Tonk, from Staff Nurse, to Staff Nurse, Medicine and Surgery, Gorgas

Hospital.

Matthew M. Walcott, Theophilus A. Wilson,

from Kitchen Attendant, to Patient Food

Service Attendant, Gorgas Hospital.

Cynthia V. Jones, from Sales Clerk, Supply

Division, to Nursing Assistant, Coco

Solo Hospital.

MARINE BUREAU

Navigation Division Robert S. Peake, from Pilot-in-Training, to Probationary Pilot. Etelberto Bustos, Samuel A. Grant, Wilbur

T. Greaves, Alonso Sanchez, Felipe Soo, from Launch Seaman, to Deckhand.

Jorge A. Fuentes, Ricardo R. Lasso, Rafael

A. Lascano, from Launch Operator, to Launch Seaman.

Industrial Division Edward H. Sadler, from Crane Hookman,

to Guard.

Joseph O. Inniss, from Counter Attendant,

Supply Division, to Helper Rigger. Ernest V. Baptiste, Albert M. Rowe, from

Laborer Cleaner, to Helper Rigger. Arturo Smith, from Laborer Cleaner, to Helper Boilermaker. Norman J. Clarke, from Heavy Laborer,

Supply Division, to Laborer Cleaner. Laurel R. Denny, from Package Boy, Supply Division, to Laborer Cleaner. Earl D. Hines, from Utility Worker, Supply

Division, to Laborer Cleaner. Locks Division Juan M. Cordoba, Eustace A. Walters, from

Heavy Laborer, to Helper Lock Operator.

George Albert, from Laborer Cleaner, Division of Schools, to Heavy Laborer. Marciano Alvarado. from Utility Worker,

Supply Division, to Heavy Laborer. Samuel Walker, from Waiter, Supply Division, to Heavy Laborer. OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

Accounting Division Malcolm A. Johnston, Jr., from Payroll

Systems Officer, to Chief, Payroll and

Machine Accounting Branch.

John J. Fallon, from Payroll Systems

Officer to Time, Leave, and Payroll

Supervisor.

Helen N. Minor, from Time, Leave, and

Payroll Supervisor, to Payroll Svstems

Officer. Treasury Branch

Carolyn L. Holgerson, from Clerk-Stenographer, Accounting Division, to ClerkTypist.

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Supply Division Robert G. Rowe, from Retail Store Supervisor, to Commissary Store Manager. Horace M. Roberts, from Clerk, to Retail Store Supervisor.

Leonard W. Collins, from Leader Laborer,

to Retail Store Supervisor. Cleveland Roberts, from Sales Section Head, to Service Center Supervisor. Earle G. Moore, from Mail Supervisor, to Mail Clerk. Ralph Rowland, from Utility Worker, to Leader Laborer. Aubrey C. Baxter, from Heavy Laborer, to High Lift Truck Operator.

Harold T. Kildare, from High Lift Truck

Operator, to Stockman. Rosa A. Prados, from Meat Packager, to Sales Clerk. Carlos Alvarado, from Utility Worker, to Sales Clerk. Cecilia W. Brathwaite, from Utility Worker,

to Counter Attendant.

Lucil J. Frank, from Packager, to Meat

Packager.

Radames Ben, Basil C. De Sousa, Damian

Gill, Jr., from Pinsetter, to Utility Worker. Community Services Division

Jack E. Van Hoose, from Housing Management Aid, to Housing Project Assistant. Gerald H. Halsall, from Housing Management Assistant, to Housing Project

Assistant. Arthur C. Payne, from Accounting Assist- ant, to Assistant Manager, Cristobal Housing Office. Jackson J. Pearce, from Assistant Manager,

Cristobal Housing Office, to Assistant Manager, Balboa Housing Office. Euclides Castillo, Francisco Santana, Simon

Ararrcibia, from Laborer, to Grounds

Maintenance Equipment Operator. Hilton Goodridge, Ugent M. Lord, from

Leader Laborer Cleaner, to Lead Fore- man Laborer Cleaner. Albert E. Watson, from Field Tractor

Operator, to Lead Foreman, Grounds

Maintenance Equipment Operator.

Frederick D. Stewart, from Laborer

Cleaner, to Leader Laborer Cleaner.

Efrain Meza M., from Stockman, to Crater and Packer. Francisco Martinez, from Laborer, to Heavy

Laborer. Winston S. Johnson, from Stockman, to Furniture Repairman.

(See p. 20)

The Panama Canal Review 19
Promotions and Transfers

(Continued from p. 29)

TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS RUREAU

Capt. Axton T. Jones, U.S.N., from Captain

of the Port, Navigation Division, to Director. Terminals Division

Jules A. Lelaidier, from Guard, Locks Division, to Liquid Fuels Ganger.

Solomon A. Evven, from Winchman, to Leader Ship Cargo Operations. Ricardo Moreno, from Substitute Teacher,

Latin American Schools, Division of Schools, to Clerk Checker. Pablo Jaramillo, from Dock Worker, to Winchman.

Rupert A. Knight, from Truck Driver,

Supply Division, to High Lift Truck

Operator.

Hedley Allen, from Ship Worker, to High

Lift Truck Operator. Roberto Avila, Santana Avila, Luis Barrera, Arthur Hughes, Norman A. Jeff, Surjit Singh, Huntley E. Snape, Hector Vega,

from Dock Worker, to High Lift Truck

Operator.

Gerardo A. Nunez, from Dock Worker, to Ship Worker.

Railroad Division

Gilberto Anaya, from Utility Worker, Supply Division, to Railroad Trackman.

Roman Lopez, from Dock Worker, to Rail- road Trackman. Motor Transportation Division Ramon Rivera, Jr., from Truck Driver, to Heavy Truck Driver. Ramon C. Luna, from Tire Rebuilder, to Leader Tire Rebuilder. Luis A. Salazar, Encaniacion Corpas, Jose

Barraza, from Helper Tire Rebuilder, to Tire Rebuilder. OTHER PROMOTIONS

PROMOTIONS which did not involve

changes of title follow:

Cecil D. Gooding, Retail Store Supervisor,

Supply Division. David S. Beckett, Service Center Supervisor, Supply Division. John C. DeYoung, Inspector, Gas Plant Products, Supply Division. Rose V. C. Brogie, Clerk-Typist, SupplyDivision. Elda M. Mendoza, Aida I. Morales, ClerkTypist, Community Services Division. Christopher Greaves, Luciano C. D. Sablo,

Clerk, Community Services Division. Robert J. Saarinen, Service Center Supervisor, Supply Division. George R. Downing, Accountant, Accounting Division. Paula C. Decker, Clerk-Stenographer, Accounting Division. Frederick W. Jones, Signalman, Navigation

Division. Edna M. Donohue, Cartographic Compilation Aid, Engineering Division. Juan R. Griffin, Bus Service Inspector, Motor Transportation Division. Claudio C. McFarlane, Freight Clerk, Panama Local Agency.

Alvin H. Hassock, Clerk, Locks Division. Alfred Mason, Clerk, Electrical Division. Herminio Figueroa, Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator, Community ServDi\ ision. Pablo A. Aguilar, Abraham Hernandez,

Surveying Aid, Engineering Division. Alfonso N. Forbes, lames Grant, Hubert

\. White. Ashton L. Wilson, Utility Worker. Supply Division.

Watch Where

You're Going

THE ABILITY to drive safely at night

depends upon several things, but the most important is the driver's own vision. Other factors such as illumination, vehicle speed, and weather also play a part. and a clean windshield is, of course,

a necessity.

Your eyes play tricks at night. For

example, you can see an expected or

familiar object much farther away than

an unexpected one. Periodic vision checks are a must as a driver grows older. The average

55-year-old driver with 20/20 vision needs twice as much light as the 20-year-old with the same visual rating. Vision defects are exaggerated at night

and good drivers take this into account. At night, drivers must depend upon

artificial light—from their own headlamps, from other cars, and sometimes

from overhead highway illumination. The latter sometimes creates additional

sight problems for drivers. Annual inspections of vehicles operating in the Canal Zone and the Republic

of Panama include a check of the headlamp performance on vehicles, but it may be necessary to have them adjusted

between vehicle inspections.

A really good driver knows the rela- tionship between his headlamps and his stopping distance at highway speed. If he doesn't know this—if he goes hurtling

into a black hole of darkness at a speed

that will make it impossible to stop _ACCIDENTSFOR

THIS MONTH

AND

THIS YEAR

SEPTEMBER

ALU UNITS

YEAR TO DATE

NATIONAl SAFETY COUNCU

within the distance he can see—then he's playing a dangerous game of chance

with unknown dangers.

Driving experts agree that night

driving demands slower speed. Vision

studies prove that your sight distance

shrinks the faster you go. At 20 miles per hour a driver can see and identify

objects 80 feet further away than he

can at 60 miles per hour. This narrowing and shortening of the

visual field, plus the efficiency of the

headlights, plus your stopping distance,

all determine your safe speed at night.

FIRST AID

CASES

•6) '60 236 213

2788(397) 2213

DISABLING

INJURIES

•61 60 4 11

100(4) 106

DAYS

LOST

•61 '60 365 206

9426(58)14210

) Locks Overhaul injuries Included In tola!.

20 November 3, 1961
CANAL

HISTORY

50 Years Ago

MORE THAX 3 million cubic yards of concrete had been laid in the construction of the three sets of locks for the Panama Canal 50 years ago this month.

This was approximately three-fourths

of the concrete required for the locks. The figures quoted did not include the

spillways. At Gatun Locks, the center and side walls of the upper and middle

locks were practically finished and in- stallation of the first of the cylindrical valves in the locks had been started.

Plans were being made for the construction of a dry dock at Balboa. The

design for the dock and other facilities was under direction of H. B. Rousseau,

U.S. Navy civil engineer.

November lived up to its reputation

as a rainy month 50 years ago. On the

night of November 28-29, all Isthmian

records for excessive rainfall for short periods were broken at Portobelo. when

2.46 inches of rain fell in 3 minutes.

The total rainfall for the "shower" at Portobelo was 7.60 inches.

25 Years Ago

SPEEDY ratification of the 1936

Panama-United States treaty was ex- pected in Panama official circles 25

v ears ago as a result of the overwhelming victory of President Franklin D.

Roosevelt in the U.S. presidential elections. President Demostenes Arosemena

asked the Panama National Assembly

for speedy action on the treaty. As a committee from the U.S. Senate departed for the Isthmus to probe local working conditions, the Panama Canal

administration expressed flat opposition

to any legislation which would require

the wholesale replacement of aliens by

U.S. citizens. A bill was being considered In- Congress which would pro- vide that all skilled positions in the Canal organization be filled by U.S.

or Panamanian citizens. In Kansas City, Mo., Maj. Gen. SmedlevD. Butler made a speech urging

that the Panama Canal be internationalized. He said that it was false security

for the United States to depend on the Canal, because it could not be defended

in case of war. RETIREMENTS

RETIREMENT certificates were pre- sented at the end of October to the employees listed below, with their birth- places, positions, years of Canal service,

and future residence. William Adams, New York; Police Private, Police Division; 21 years, 10 months, 23 days; Panama.

Gustaves Downs, Panama; Helper Lock

Operator, Locks Division; 26 years, 5 months, 14 days; Colon. Claudio Garay, Panama; Heavy Laborer, Locks Division; 39 years, 9 months, 28 days; Colon. Francisco Gonzalez, Martinique; Laborer,

Community Services Division; 17 years, 4 months, 3 days; Colon. John A. Grenald, Panama; Heavy Laborer, Locks Division; 11 years, 7 months, 25 days; Colon.

Capt. Francis J. Harrington, Massachusetts;

Pilot, Navigation Division; 27 years, 2 months, 1 day; Florida. Louis C. Hasemann. New York; Finance Branch Superintendent, Postal Division; 32 years, 1 month, 11 days: Florida. Frederick H. Hodges, Virginia; Locomotive Engineer, Railroad Division; 35

years, 11 months, 3 days; Virginia.

Adolphus Kelly, Jamaica; Heavy Laborer,

Supply Division; 15 years, 4 months,

6 days; Colon. George T. McLintock, Delaware; Electroplater, Electrical Division; 25 years, 11 months, 13 days; Pennsylvania. Robert D. Martin, ' Barbados; High Lift Truck Operator, Terminals Division; 37

years, 8 months, 12 days; Colon. William G. Mummaw, Pennsylvania; General Building Foreman, Maintenance

Division; 21 years, 3 months; Florida. Dionicio Rodriguez, Panama; Oiler, Locks

Division; 39 years, 6 months, 3 days; Colon. Enrique Rosero, Colombia: Floating Plant Fireman, Dredging Division; 41 years, 7 days; Panama.

Clarence R. Taht, Pennsylvania; Water

System Controlman, Maintenance Division; 21 years, 2 months, 2 days;

Washington.

Dorothy H. Tinnin, Mississippi; Time,

Leave, and Payroll Clerk, Accounting

Division; 20 years, 10 months, 2 days;

Mississippi. Alfred S. Walker, Jamaica: Motor Vehicle

Dispatcher, Motor Transportation Division; 38 years, 4 months; Colon. Donald A. Walters, Jamaica; Sales Clerk, Supply Division; 32 years, 8 months, 3 days; Panama.

10 Years Ago

FEDERAL employees in the Canal

Zone still were fighting the U.S. income

tax 10 years ago. In November 1951, a

suit challenging the constitutionality of the income tax in the Canal Zone was

filed in the U.S. District Court in Anion

on behalf of 749 Federal employees.

Attorneys John O. Collins and Donald

McNevin, who filed the complaint,

wanted a judicial pronouncement that the ammendment to the tax law which

extended the income tax to the Zone

was unconstitutional. Thev also asked

for an injunction to stop collection of the tax. Despite an east coast stevedore

strike, Canal traffic during October 1951 was reported to be the highest since March 1939. Transits averaged 17.5 ocean-going ships daily.

1 Year Ago

THE FLAGS of Panama and the United

States flew side bv side along Canal

Zone streets used last year as parade

routes by Panama and Colon groups who celebrated Flag Day on November 4 by marching through the Canal

Zone. On November 3, top U.S. officials from the Canal Zone joined the festive celebration of the Republic's independence and a spirit of neighborliness and

relaxation prevailed on the Isthmus.

ChriJtmaJ Qift3

CHRISTMAS is coming and so are

a deluge of holiday packages.

Canal Zone residents who plan to send bona fide gifts to the United

States under the U.S. Customs regulation which permits such gifts up to $10 in value to enter free of duty are reminded bv the Canal Zone Cus- toms Division that thev must mark

each package "Bona Fide Gift."

Officials of the U\S. Customs office in New: Orleans have told Zone Cus- toms officials that approximately 90

percent of the parcels received at New Orleans are not marked properly as required bv regulations. When

parcels are not properly marked, with

the words "Bona Fide Gift," thev

are treated as commercial shipments

subject to duty.

The Panama Canal Review 21
TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES

The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net

tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:

United States intercoastal East coast of United States and South America.

East coast of United States and Central America

East coast of United States and Far East United States/Canada east coast and Australasia Europe and west coast of United States/Canada

Europe and South America

Europe and Australasia

All other routes

Total traffic

First Quarter, Fiscal Year

1962

113 564

90

636

74

187 277

91 725

2,757

1961

118 643

120 535

70 214 268

77 655

2,700

Avg. No.

Transits 1951-55

178 387

113 239

49

167

11183 353

1,680

MONTHLY COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC AND TOLLS

Vessels of 300 tons net or over

(Fiscal Years)
CANAL TRANSITS — COMMERCIAL AND U. S. GOVERNMENT

Automation at Sea

THE FIRST Japanese ocean-going ship

to be equipped with a remote control and automation system for its main

machinery should pass through the Panama Canal soon after the first of the

year. It is the Kinkasan Mam, which was built at the Tamano Shipyards for the Mitsui Steamship Line. It is sched- uled for completion late this month.

Main feature of the remote control and automation equipment, is an enclosed, soundproofed, and air-condi- tioned remote control room within the engineroom itself. It is connected to various parts of the engineroom by an

automatic telephone exchange and the key part of the engineroom can be kept

under observation through a double

pane window. The vessel is expected to have a maximum speed of 19 knots when fully loaded.

Harbor Launches

TWO LAUNCHES to be used for harbor work after completion now are being built by the Panama Canal Company. One is a wooden hull launch to be

named Dove and the second is a steel hull launch to be called Robin.

The Dove, being built by the launch

repair forces of the Industrial Division

in Camboa, is the first small craft of its type to be constructed by the Canal

since 1949. The Robin is under construction at the Industrial Division in Cristobal. Both are scheduled for completion

in about 6 months and will be assigned

to the Cristobal Port Captain's office.

Scientific Expedition

AMONG the small craft which transited the Canal recendy was the 109-foot

sailing vessel Argosy, which sailed from

Balboa with IV2 tons of equipment

designed for use by a group of University of Miami scientists to collect biological and ecological data from the waters

off Panama and the coast of Ecuador.

AJso aboard the boat was special

oceanographic gear for studv of water

temperatures, currents, and salt content. Data gathered on the cruise will be

furnished the United States Government

and those of Panama, Colombia, and

Ecuador, the scientists said.
o H

SHIPPING statistics for Canal traffic during the first quarter of fiscal year 1962 show that the fastest-growing

trade route served by the Isthmian

waterway continues to be between the

east coast of the United States and the Far East. Bolstered by the continuing boom in Japanese industrial development, the United States east coast-Far East trade

route led all others in number of ships

during the first quarter of the current

fiscal year, outstripping the historicall) leading route between the east coast of the United States and the west coast

of South America.

The continuing growth of Japanese

industry and its demands for materials has climbed to the point where approximately 40 percent of all cargo movingthrough the Canal at present is bound

either to or from Japan. The current upward movement in cargo shipments

involving Japan started last May after having leveled off for several months

prior to that. Shipments of scrap metal to Japan

during the first quarter of this fiscal year set the pace for all other commodities moving over the United States

east coast-Far East trade route. Scrap

metal shipments were approximately

double the level of such cargo movements during the first quarters of fiscal years 1960 and 1961.

Closely allied with the increase in scrap metal shipments was the continuing upward climb of coal and coke

movements to Japan. These shipments,

which have been in a steady upward

climb throughout the several years of the Japanese industrial boom, showed

an increase of 15 percent during the first quarter of this fiscal year, as compared

with the first quarter of fiscal year 1961. The worldwide shifts which have

occurred in the sale of sugar also have

resulted in a sharp increase in the quantity of this commodity moving

through the waterway, although the change lias not involved sufficient ships

to show a major effect on leading trade

route patterns. The shifting pattern in the World

sugar market is indicated by the fact

that almost four times as much sugar

1 1 the Canal from the

Atlantic to the Pacific dining the first quart* r o the current fiscal year as was

shipp direction during the comparable periods of 1960 and 1961. Simulta Uh the growth in sie^ai shi] i,i lis from Atlantic to Pacific.

I?MMG

TRANSITS BY OCEAN-GOING In contrast to the booming increases VESSELS IN SEPTEMBER in shipments of scrap metal, coal, and

sugar through the waterway, shipments

of barley and wheat from Pacific to

( menial 847 892 Atlantic have declined shai-ply from a

U.S. Government.. 14 13 year ago, with barley shipments this

Total _ _~^i lx)5 year being only about 25 percent of what they were during the first quarter

TOLLS °

() f gsca] vear 1961 and wheat shipments

< o ircial. _ $4,176,218 $4,525 19 bejng reduced to less than half of their U.S. Government- 46,398 year-ago level. On the other hand, wheat

Total $4,222,616 $4,598,160 shipments from Atlantic to Pacific have

oo increased, being almost three times the CARGO i i r „

level ot a year ago.

,; ercial. 4,844,190 5,021,956 Ore shipments from Pacific to Atlantic

U.S. Government. 35 145 72,521 were (j own approximately 20 percent

Total 4,879,635 5,094,477 from the 1961 level, although they conindudes tolls on all vessels, ocean-going and small. tinned to lead in total tonnage of prini argo i.. : ire in lone cipal commodity items shipped through

the Canal. The level of ore shipments

there has been a 50 percent increase in during the first quarter of this fiscal year

the amount of sugar moving in the other were even slightly less than the total direction through the waterway. during the comparable period of 1960. This double-shuffle in sugar results The ever-shifting pattern of cargo from Cuban sugar being shipped through movements also was reflected during

the Canal to China, Russia, and other the first quarter in the fact that total Far Eastern points, while sugar from tonnage moving from Pacific to Atlantic Peru and a number of Pacific islands, declined more than 7 percent, coin- including the Philippines, Formosa, and pared with the same period last year, Hawaii, is sent through the Canal for while tonnage moving from the Atlantic movement to the east coast of the to the Pacific increased by more than United States. 22 percent.

OCEAN-GOING TRANSITS

THROUGH PANAMA CANAL




UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 07150 0390