______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

DOT HS 809 815 October 2004 

NHTSA Technical Report

Impaired-Driving Program Assessments 

A Summary of Recommendations (1991 to 2003)

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

This document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.

U.S. Department

of Transportation

National Highway

Traffic Safety 

Administration 
The United States Government does not endorse products or 

manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear only 

because they are considered essential to the object of this report. 
 Technical Report Documentation Page 

1. Report No. 

DOT HS 809 815

2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. 

5. Report Date 

October 2004

4. Title and Subtitle 

Impaired-Driving Program Assessments 

A Summary of Recommendations (1991 to 2003) 6. Performing Organization Code 

7. Author(s) 

Darrell W. Johnson

8. Performing Organization Report No. 

9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 

Evaluation Division; Office of Planning, Evaluation and Budget 

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 

Washington, DC 20590

11. Contract or Grant No. 

13. Type of Report and Period Covered 

NHTSA Technical Report

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 

Department of Transportation 

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 

Washington, DC 20590

14. Sponsoring Agency Code 

15. Supplementary Notes 

 

16. Abstract 

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) developed an assessment process that 

gives States an opportunity to conduct a review of their efforts to control impaired driving by an outside 

team of nationally recognized experts. Each assessment examines a State’s overall program and presents 

recommendations to improve or enhance it. NHTSA reviewed 38 State assessment reports and found 

2,982 individual recommendations, including 852 that were identified as priority recommendations by the 

teams. Most of the recommendations fit into 10 thematic areas: (1) increasing deterrence by prioritizing 

enforcement efforts and enhancing the arrest, prosecution, and adjudication process; (2) improving public 

information and education efforts related to prevention and deterrence; (3) remedying problems involving 

DUI data and records (reporting requirements, offender tracking systems, data linkages, uniform traffic 

citations); (4) enacting new laws or revising existing laws aimed at increasing the deterrence and/or 

prevention of DUI; (5) enhancing training for law enforcement, prosecution, and judicial personnel; (6) 

evaluating programs and activities to combat impaired driving; (7) providing sufficient resources for 

treatment and rehabilitation; (8) improving inter/intra-governmental coordination and cooperation; (9) 

providing funding (including self-sufficiency) to provide for adequate resources (personnel, equipment); 

and (10) developing or increasing task forces and/or community involvement. 

17. Key Words 

impaired driving; alcohol; drunk driving; DUI; 

DWI; PI&E; driver licensing; traffic records; BAC; 

adjudication; rehabilitation

18. Distribution Statement 

Document is available to the public through the 

National Technical Information Service, 

Springfield, Virginia 22161

19. Security Classif. (Of this report) 

Unclassified

20. Security Classif. (Of this page) 

Unclassified

21. No. of Pages 

 260

22. Price 

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................. 1

I. Introduction .................................................. 1 

II. Background .................................................... 1 

 

 a. Assessment Process ......................................... 1 

 b. Uniform Guidelines ......................................... 2 

III. Study Purpose ................................................. 2 

IV. General Findings .............................................. 2 

SECTION ONE: GENERAL 

I. Completed Assessments ......................................... 4 

II. Recommendation Compilation .................................... 4 

III. Number of Recommendations by Guideline Area ................... 4 

SECTION TWO: DETAILED FINDINGS FOR EACH GUIDELINE AREA 

I. Guideline Area 1 - Program Management ......................... 5 

II. Guideline Area 2 - Prevention ................................. 10 

III. Guideline Area 3 - Deterrence ................................. 14 

IV. Guideline Area 4 - Driver Licensing ........................... 19 

V. Guideline Area 5 - Treatment and Rehabilitation ............... 21 

SECTION THREE: CONCLUDING REMARKS

I. Study limitations ............................................. 23 

II. Summary ....................................................... 24 

APPENDICES 

APPENDIX A HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM GUIDELINE AREA 8 - IMPAIRED DRIVING 

APPENDIX B IMPAIRED-DRIVING ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS: 

 - Number by Guideline Area 

 - Categorization of Recommendations by Guideline Area 

APPENDIX C RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 1A TO 1F 
APPENDIX D RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 2A TO 2E 

APPENDIX E RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 3A TO 3E 

APPENDIX F RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 4A TO 4C 

APPENDIX G RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 5A TO 5B 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I. Introduction. As part of its goal to reduce alcohol-related traffic 

deaths and injuries, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 

(NHTSA) developed an assessment process that gives States an opportunity to 

conduct a review of their efforts to control impaired driving by an outside 

team of nationally recognized experts. Similar assessments are conducted 

also in other highway safety areas, including occupant protection, emergency 

medical services, motorcycle safety and traffic records. 

Upon State request, NHTSA convenes the assessment team and facilitates the 

process. The assessment team meets with State officials including highway 

safety personnel, and hears testimony from individuals invited by the State 

to testify concerning the strengths and weaknesses of the State’s program. 

The team then uses this information to assess the State's impaired-driving 

program. Each assessment examines the strengths and weaknesses of a State’s 

overall impaired-driving program. It should be noted that these assessments 

are not typical or traditional program evaluation efforts (i.e., process or 

outcome evaluations, etc.). Assessments contain recommendations, some of 

which have been designated as priority recommendations, concerning ways in 

which the State can improve or enhance its impaired-driving programs. Since 

the assessment report “belongs” to the State, it is solely within the State’s 

discretion how it will use the document. There are no sanctions if the State 

does not implement the recommendations. Based on State requests, NHTSA has 

facilitated 42 impaired-driving assessments since 1991, including 32 initial 

assessments and 10 re-assessments. 

II. Background. 

 a. Assessment Process. The assessment process begins when a State 

Highway Safety Office submits a written request to one of the NHTSA Regional 

Offices. This request is then referred to the appropriate program office at 

NHTSA headquarters to initiate the assessment process. NHTSA selects and 

convenes a multidisciplinary assessment team consisting of experts from 

outside the agency. The team’s experience correlates with the various 

components of a comprehensive impaired-driving program that are reviewed 

during the assessment process. 

 The requesting State arranges for State impaired-driving program 

representatives to meet with the assessment team during the weeklong 

technical review. The State representatives brief the assessment team and, as 

appropriate, provide written materials. Team members may initiate an open 

discussion with presenters to gain a clearer understanding of a subject. 

 The assessment team uses the information provided by these 

representatives to analyze the State's impaired-driving program by comparing 

it to a NHTSA-developed uniform guideline. The team members develop consensus 

recommendations (including priority recommendations) after considering what 

reasonably could be accomplished within the State and what actions are most 

likely to have an impact. While the uniform guidelines are the same for each 

State, the assessment team considers unique State factors that may impact the 

applicability of the State to adopt certain recommendations. These factors 

may include, but are not limited to, demographics, geography, political 

structure, and institutional support for impaired-driving activities. The 

assessment team then develops a written report containing its consensus 

1
recommendations, and the report is provided to the State Highway Safety 

Office. 

 b. Uniform Guidelines. The Highway Safety Act of 1966 called on NHTSA 

to promulgate uniform standards for highway safety. In 1976, the Act was 

amended to provide more flexibility. The amendment provided that the uniform 

standards were to become more like guidelines for the States to use. This 

change was codified in 1987, changing the uniform standards to uniform 

guidelines. 

 

 Uniform Guideline Number 8 (see Appendix A) of the State Highway Safety 

Program provides that each State, in cooperation with its political 

subdivisions, should have a comprehensive program to combat impaired driving. 

Guideline Number 8 describes the five standard program areas that State 

impaired-driving activities should address, including: (1) Program 

Management; (2) Prevention; (3) Deterrence; (4) Driver Licensing; and (5) 

Treatment and Rehabilitation. States are encouraged to use these guidelines 

as a framework for problem identification, countermeasure development, and 

program evaluation. 

 Since 1991, assessment teams have used these NHTSA-developed guidelines 

to assess the status of State impaired-driving programs. The team compares 

State activities to these guidelines, and assesses each of the five areas 

individually as well as the inter-relationship between them. These 

guidelines were considered to be state-of-the-art when they were last 

published. They are currently in the process of being updated to reflect 

more recent changes in the impaired-driving arena. 

III. Study Purpose. Each assessment examines the strengths and weaknesses 

of a State's overall impaired-driving program. Assessment teams seek to 

develop a variety of recommendations, including priority recommendations, for 

a State to use for the enhancement or improvement of its impaired-driving 

program. Therefore, the recommendations invariably address areas of need or 

weakness. This study effort was an attempt to sort, categorize, and quantify 

the very large number of diverse and often complex recommendations by 

guideline area. This includes summarizing the many recommendations and 

identifying those that are prevalent across the many States. The results of 

this effort are intended to assist NHTSA in a review of the assessment 

process and to serve as a catalyst for potential enhancements to the process. 

In turn, an improved assessment process will better help States to determine 

ways to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their impaired-driving 

programs. 

IV. General Findings. There were 2,982 recommendations produced in 38 (out 

of 42) examined assessment and re-assessment reports, including 852 that were 

identified as priority recommendations by the assessment teams. Two 

assessments were completed too late to be part of this effort (Illinois 2003 

and Puerto Rico 2003). Records could not be located for two others (American 

Samoa 1991 and Utah 2001). 

 The number and breadth of recommendations reflect broad areas of 

impaired-driving program needs and limitations. In general terms, most of 

the recommendations fit into one of 10 broad thematic areas. Some of these 

themes (e.g., DUI data and records) cut across several different guideline 

2
areas. These themes include (listed in descending order based on number of 

recommendations): 

 (1) increasing the deterrence effect by prioritizing enforcement efforts 

and enhancing the arrest, prosecution, and adjudication process; 

 (2) providing or improving public information and education efforts 

related to prevention and deterrence; 

 (3) remedying problems involving DUI data and records (data reporting 

requirements, offender tracking systems, data linkages, uniform traffic 

citations, etc.); 

 (4) enacting new laws or revising existing laws aimed at increasing the 

deterrence and/or prevention of DUI; 

 (5) increasing or enhancing training for law enforcement, prosecution, 

and judicial personnel; 

 

 (6) evaluating programs and activities associated with the effort to 

combat impaired driving; 

 (7) providing sufficient resources for treatment and rehabilitation 

(screening, diagnosis, treatment, availability, trained treatment personnel); 

 (8) improving inter/intra-governmental coordination and cooperation 

regarding DUI efforts; 

 (9) providing funding (including self-sufficiency) to provide for 

adequate resources (personnel, equipment); and 

 

 (10) developing or increasing task forces and/or community involvement. 

3
SECTION ONE - GENERAL 

I. COMPLETED ASSESSMENTS. Table 1 lists the 32 Statewide impaired-driving 

assessments and the 10 re-assessments that have been completed since 1991 (as 

of October 2003). 

TABLE 1

STATEWIDE IMPAIRED-DRIVING PROGRAM ASSESSMENTS 

(as of 10/03) 

 Alaska (10/94) Maryland (5/00)* Oklahoma (12/95) 

 American Samoa (12/91) + Michigan (10/96) Oregon (3/94) 

 Arizona (9/92) Minnesota (8/95) Puerto Rico (10/03) + 

 California (12/91) Minnesota (2/03)* Rhode Island (6/03) 

 Colorado (9/93) Missouri (4/99) South Carolina (9/02) 

 Connecticut (2/93) Montana (5/94) Tennessee (2/99) 

 Connecticut (11/00)* Montana (10/01)* Texas (11/92) 

 Delaware (5/01) New Mexico (11/91) Utah (12/01) + 

 Georgia (12/93) New Mexico (6/95)* Vermont (12/01) 

 Hawaii (6/98) New Mexico (6/02)* Virginia (7/99) 

 Illinois (3/95) North Carolina (5/95) West Virginia (10/93) 

 Illinois (9/03)* + North Carolina (4/02)* West Virginia (2/99) * 

 Indiana (11/01) North Dakota (6/01) Wisconsin (10/93) 

 Maryland (9/91) Ohio (3/02) Wisconsin (4/03)* 

* - Re-assessment 

+ - Not examined (assessment was in process or record was unavailable) 

II. RECOMMENDATION COMPILATION. The categorization and quantification of 

assessment recommendations has been problematic at best. To begin with, 

there is no constant or universal set of laws that govern how individual 

States should seek to address the problem of impaired driving. When 

developing their recommendations, assessment team members had to consider the 

diverse and complex factors in each State that influence and have an impact 

on the effectiveness of impaired-driving programs. For example, each State 

has its own government structure, body of laws, political structures, and 

court system organization. State impaired-driving program efforts are 

impacted by resource issues, current enforcement efforts, demographics, 

geography, institutional traditions, and highway crash injury and fatality 

rates. In addition, comprehensive efforts to address impaired driving 

consist of multiple interrelated approaches, including prevention, 

deterrence, enforcement, prosecution, adjudication, and treatment. In turn, 

each of these approaches addresses different programs or activities. For 

example, the enforcement approach involves both traffic-related enforcement 

and alcohol beverage control. 

III. NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS BY GUIDELINE AREA. As shown in Table 2, 

2,982 recommendations (including 852 priority recommendations) were produced 

in the examined assessments. Appendix B lists the number of recommendations 

by category for each guideline area. Appendices C through G contain the 

complete compilations of specific recommendations for each of the respective 

guideline areas. 

4
 There were numerous recommendations made for each of the five uniform 

guideline areas. As shown in Table 2, Guideline Area 3 (Deterrence) produced 

the largest number of recommendations, accounting for nearly 42 percent of 

all recommendations and also 42 percent of all priority recommendations. 

This is nearly twice as many as the second largest guideline area (Program 

Management), which produced 22 percent of the recommendations. The remaining 

three guideline areas produced smaller proportions of all recommendations - 

Prevention (19 percent), Driver Licensing (11 percent), and Treatment and 

Rehabilitation (7 percent). The proportion of recommendations within each 

guideline area that were identified as priority recommendations was fairly 

consistent, ranging from 26 percent to 34 percent. 

 

 Based solely on the number of recommendations shown in Table 2, it is 

not possible to identify the relative strength or weakness among the five 

guideline areas. A large number of recommendations does not necessarily 

indicate overall guideline area weakness and a small number does not 

necessarily indicate strength. The number of recommendations may instead 

reflect the overall importance of a particular guideline area 

(e.g., deterrence) and breadth of its various components. 

TABLE 2

NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS BY GUIDELINE AREA 

 

 Total Number Percent 

 Number of of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority 

Program Management 647 178 28% 

Prevention 556 147 26% 

Deterrence 1238 354 29% 

Driver Licensing 345 106 31% 

Treatment And Rehabilitation 196 67 34% 

Total Number Of Recommendations 2982 852 29% 

 

SECTION TWO - DETAILED FINDINGS FOR EACH GUIDELINE AREA 

I. GUIDELINE AREA 1 - PROGRAM MANAGEMENT. NHTSA Highway Safety Program 

guidelines provide that each State's impaired-driving program management 

system should establish a process for managing its planning, program control, 

and evaluation activities. The system should address Safe Communities 

programs, State and local task forces, data analysis and funding. 

 A. ANALYSIS. Guideline Area 1 (Program Management) contains six 

components: State Program Planning; Program Control; State and Local Task 

Forces and Safe Communities Programs; Data and Records; Evaluation and 

Funding. The assessments produced 647 recommendations under this guideline 

area (see Table 3). Of these, 178 were identified as priority 

recommendations by the assessment teams. Appendix C contains a complete 

compilation of recommendations for Guideline Area 1. 

 There are numerous recommendations for each of the six Guideline Area 1 

components (ranging from 52 to 156). The components that produced the 

greatest number of recommendations were Area 1A (State Program Planning) and 

Area 1D) Data and Records. Both components produced a greater than 

5
proportional share of recommendations, with a significant (25 percent or 

more) portion of them identified as priority recommendations. 

 Higher than proportional numbers of recommendations were generated 

regarding Area 1C (State/Local Task Forces and Safe Communities Programs), 

though a smaller percentage of these recommendations were identified as 

priority recommendations. A relatively small number of recommendations were 

generated regarding Area 1F (Funding), but a significant portion of the 

recommendations (25 percent or more) were identified as priority 

recommendations. Specifically: 

 - Area 1A (State Program Planning) produced 21 percent of all Program 

Management recommendations and 29 percent of Program Management priority 

recommendations. Also, 37 percent (51 of 138) of 1A recommendations were 

priority recommendations. 

 - Area 1D (Data and Records) produced 24 percent of all Program 

Management recommendations and 30 percent of Program Management priority 

recommendations. Also, 34 percent (53 of 156) of 1D recommendations were 

priority recommendations. 

 - Area 1C (State and Local Task Forces and Safe Communities) produced 

124 recommendations, amounting to 19 percent of all Program Management 

recommendations. 

 - Area 1F (Funding) produced 52 recommendations and 29 percent (15) of 

them were priority recommendations. 

 

TABLE 3

NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 1 

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

1A - State Program Planning 138 51 37% 

1B - Program Control 86 16 19% 

1C - State and Local Task Forces and 124 26 21% 

 Safe Communities Programs 

1D - Data and Records 156 53 34% 

1E - Evaluation 91 17 19% 

1F - Funding 52 15 29%

Total Guideline Area 1 Recommendations 647 178 28% 

 B. 1A - State Program Planning. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, 

States should develop and implement an overall plan for all impaired-driving 

activities. 

 There were 138 recommendations produced in the assessments for Guideline 

Area 1A, including 51 priority recommendations. In general, the State 

Program Planning recommendations were centered around improving impaireddriving programs/efforts by: (1) developing or revising governmental 

6
organization structures; (2) developing and/or improving coordination of 

planning activities and (3) improving the management/direction of resources. 

Recommendations made 10 or more times for this guideline area include (in 

descending order): 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Take steps to better coordinate State 25 11 44% 

 program planning (intergovernmental, 

 government/public partnerships, etc.). 

• Improve use of crash/impaired-driving 21 3 14% 

 data (accessibility, usage, data 

 resources, evaluation of, ensure 

 validity, etc.). 

• Expand/improve State's PI&E efforts, 14 3 21% 

 develop plans, strategies, hire PI&E 

 specialists, gain public support, etc.). 

 

• Create/enact/revise legislation to 13 8 62% 

 strengthen efforts to combat DUI (varied). 

 

• Create/reorganize governmental structure 12 7 58% 

 to enhance efforts to combat DUI. 

 C. 1B - Program Control. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, States 

should have established procedures for systematic monitoring and reviewing 

ongoing programs to ensure that program activities are implemented as 

intended. 

 There were 86 recommendations produced in the assessments for Guideline 

Area 1B, including 16 priority recommendations. In general, the State Program 

Control recommendations involved: (1) providing for the systematic monitoring 

of impaired-driving programs and identification of problems; (2) 

disseminating data and publicizing or sharing results and (3) providing or 

encouraging training and workshops for management and staff. Recommendations 

made ten or more times for this guideline area include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Develop/continue/improve ability to 26 3 12% 

 monitor and report on impaired-driving 

 programs. 

• Increase availability of information 19 4 21% 

 (sharing, dissemination practices, data 

 reporting, etc.). 

• Increase/provide/attend training for 12 2 17% 

 State management, staff, grantees, 

 project managers, etc. 

7
 D. 1C - State and Local Task Forces and Communities Programs. Per NHTSA 

Highway Safety Guidelines, States should encourage the development of State 

and community impaired-driving task forces and Safe Communities Programs. 

 There were 124 recommendations produced in the assessments for this 

guideline area, including 26 priority recommendations. The recommendations 

revolved around: (1) providing support or encouragement in the development 

and/or expansion of community programs/task forces (funding, technical 

support, advice, partnerships, etc.); (2) publicizing program and task force 

efforts; (3) encouraging partnership development and (4) using program 

feedback. Recommendations made ten or more times for this guideline area 

include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Provide/increase State support and 24 3 13% 

 assistance to safe communities programs 

 and/or task forces. 

• Provide training/conduct workshops 18 4 22% 

 (training for safe communities teams, 

 police, information exchange). 

• Provide/increase publicity of DUI Task 16 3 19% 

 Force and/or safe communities programs. 

• Encourage/promote partner participation 15 3 20% 

 in safe communities coalitions. 

• Coordinate efforts of various impaired 13 4 31% 

 driving task forces/safe communities, 

 consolidate effort where possible. 

 

• Perform program evaluations, review 11 1 9% 

 programs, gather/examine feedback. 

• Increase number and/or expand successful 10 2 20% 

 Safe Communities programs. 

 E. 1D - Data and Records. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, States 

should establish and maintain records systems for crashes, arrests, 

dispositions, driver licenses, and vehicle registrations. Especially 

important are tracking systems that can provide information on every driver 

arrested for DUI to determine the disposition of the case and compliance with 

sanctions. These record systems should be accurate, timely, able to be linked 

to each other, and readily accessible to police, court, and planners. 

 

 There were 156 recommendations produced in the assessments for Guideline 

Area 1D, including 53 priority recommendations. The majority of Data and 

Records recommendations involved maintaining or improving accessibility to 

relevant data and records. Multiple recommendations were made to: (1) 

establish a DUI records/tracking system; (2) develop/improve linkages between 

various records systems; (3) make those records more easily accessible for 

law enforcement and the courts; (4) require standardized crash and BAC 

8
reporting and (5) conduct a Traffic Records Assessment. Recommendations made 

ten or more times for this guideline area include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority 

• Develop/improve data linkages between 34 8 24% 

 various records systems (e.g., DOT, DMV, 

 courts, police, treatment facilities). 

• Require/enhance/revise crash and/or BAC 27 4 15% 

 reporting requirements. 

• Develop/improve DWI offender and/or citation 18 12 67% 

 records tracking system. 

• Recommendations regarding management, 18 12 67% 

 activity coordination, overseeing data 

 and records systems development/improvement. 

• Compile or analyze data to evaluate data 13 2 15% 

 systems, determine or document alcohol 

 problems, related costs, crash rates, 

 injury data, etc. 

• Enhance data accessibility for State, court, 12 6 50% 

 law enforcement, community highway safety 

 program personnel. 

• Conduct Traffic Record Assessment or 10 4 40% 

 implement Traffic Record Assessment 

 recommendations. 

 F. 1E - Evaluation. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, States should 

evaluate all impaired-driving system activities regularly to ensure programs 

are effective and resources are allocated appropriately. 

 There were 91 recommendations for Guideline Area 1E, including 17 

priority recommendations. In general, the recommendations for Evaluation 

involved: (1) regularly planning for and conducting program evaluations; (2) 

reporting results to program management for use in guiding program 

activities; (3) publicizing results and (4) seeking evaluation assistance 

from different sources of expertise. Recommendations made 10 or more times 

for this guideline area include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Collect/utilize data to evaluate programs. 21 3 14% 

 

• Require evaluation of impaired-driving 15 2 13% 

 activities or programs. 

• Develop evaluation plans (long term, 13 1 8% 

 unified, etc.). 

• Report/publicize results of evaluations. 12 1 8% 

9
• Seek evaluation assistance from other 12 4 33% 

 agencies, universities, NHTSA, etc.). 

• Ensure use of appropriate evaluation 11 3 27% 

 methodologies, milestones, benchmarks, etc. 

 G. 1F - Funding. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, States should 

allocate funding to impaired-driving programs that is adequate for program 

needs, steady (from dedicated sources) and, to the extent possible, paid by 

the impaired drivers themselves. The program should work toward becoming 

self-sufficient. 

 There were 52 recommendations produced in the assessments for Guideline 

Area 1F, including 15 priority recommendations. The majority of Funding 

recommendations involved: (1) encouraging the use of offender fees to promote 

the self-sufficiency of impaired-driving program efforts; (2) taking steps 

necessary to gain Federal funding and (3) funding program evaluations and/or 

performing cost-benefit analyses. Recommendations made 10 or more times for 

this guideline area include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Use offender fees to fund impaired 11 3 27% 

 driving programs. 

• Adopt self-sufficiency efforts. 11 4 36% 

II. GUIDELINE AREA 2 - PREVENTION. NHTSA Highway Safety Program guidelines 

provide that each State should implement a system of impaired-driving 

prevention programs and is strongly encouraged to work with the public health 

community to foster good health (less alcohol and drug usage) and reduce 

traffic-related injuries. 

 A. ANALYSIS. Guideline Area 2 (Prevention) consists of five 

components: Public Information and Education for Prevention; School Programs 

and Community Youth Programs; Employer Programs; Alcohol Availability and 

Service; and Transportation Alternatives. Table 4 shows that 556 

recommendations were produced in this guideline area. Of these, 147 were 

priority recommendations. Appendix D compiles all Prevention 

recommendations. 

 

 There are numerous recommendations in each of the five Guideline Area 2 

components (ranging from 74 to 171). Areas 2A, 2B, and 2D generated 72 

percent of all Guideline Area 2 recommendations and at least 25 percent of 

the recommendations within each of these areas were priority recommendations. 

Specifically: 

 - Area 2D (Alcohol Availability and Responsible Service) contains 31 

percent of all Prevention recommendations and 41 percent of Prevention 

priority recommendations. Also, 36 percent (61 of 171) of 2D recommendations 

were priority recommendations. 

 - Area 2A (Public Information and Education for Prevention) contains 22 

percent of all Prevention recommendations and 22 percent of Prevention 

10
priority recommendations. Also, 26 percent (32 of 125) of 2A recommendations 

were priority recommendations. 

 - Area 2B (School Programs and Community Youth Programs) contains 19 

percent of all Prevention recommendations and 21 percent of Prevention 

priority recommendations. Also, 30 percent (31 of 105) of 2B recommendations 

were priority recommendations. 

TABLE 4

NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 2 

PREVENTION 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

2A - Public Information and Education 125 32 26% 

 for Prevention 

2B - School Programs and Community 105 31 30% 

 Youth Programs 

2C - Employer Programs 81 10 12% 

2D - Alcohol Availability and Service 171 61 36% 

2E - Transportation Alternatives 74 13 18%

TOTAL GUIDELINE AREA 2 RECOMMENDATIONS 556 147 26%

 B. 2A - Public Information and Education for Prevention. Per NHTSA 

Highway Safety Guidelines, States should develop and implement public 

information and education programs directed at impaired-driving. Programs 

should start at the State level and extend to the communities through State 

assistance, model programs and public encouragement. 

 There were 125 recommendations produced in the assessments for Guideline 

Area 2A, including 32 priority recommendations. Nearly 25 percent of these 

recommendations involved improving or expanding agency and/or interagency 

PI&E planning and coordination efforts. Other significant groupings of 

recommendations included: (1) developing and implementing Statewide PI&E 

plans; (2) establishing Statewide PI&E Coordinator positions or PI&E staffing 

increases; (3) developing messages to promote public awareness and (4) 

evaluating PI&E activities. Recommendations made 10 or more times for 

Guideline 2A include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Expand/improve agency or interagency 30 6 20% 

 PI&E planning and coordination efforts. 

• Develop/implement Statewide PI&E plans. 15 8 53% 

 

• Establish Statewide PI&E Coordinator 13 6 46% 

 positions/increase other PI&E staffing. 

• Encourage business/advocacy/school 13 1 8% 

 involvement in PI&E efforts. 

11
• Develop messages to promote public awareness 13 3 23% 

 of DUI risks, health consequences, etc. 

• Evaluate PI&E activities. 12 2 17% 

 C. 2B - School Programs and Community Youth Programs. Per NHTSA 

Highway Safety Guidelines, States should ensure that education and support of 

student programs, preschool through college and trade schools, play a 

critical role in preventing impaired driving. 

 There were 105 recommendations for Guideline Area 2B produced in the 

assessments, including 31 priority recommendations. In general terms, the 

largest recommendation groupings for Guideline Area 2B involved: (1) 

interagency/intergovernmental involvement in youth programs; (2) development 

and implementation of alcohol and drug education programs for K-12 and 

college students; and (3) evaluating program efforts. Recommendations made 

10 or more times for Guideline 2B include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Provide/develop interagency or inter- 19 6 32% 

 governmental coordination of, or 

 involvement in youth programs. 

• Develop/implement/expand K-12 alcohol 16 7 44% 

 and drug education programs. 

• Evaluate school and/or youth programs. 16 4 25% 

• Promote development of alcohol and/or drug 12 3 25% 

 education programs for college students. 

 D. 2C - Employer Programs. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, States 

should provide information and technical assistance to all employers, 

encouraging them to offer programs to reduce impaired driving by employees 

and their families. 

 There were 81 recommendations for Guideline Area 2C produced in the 

assessments, including 10 priority recommendations. In general, the largest 

recommendation groupings for Guideline Area 2C involved: (1) State 

encouragement or assistance in developing or expanding employer traffic 

safety/NETS programs; (2) development of employer/employee public awareness 

programs/activities and (3) improve/expand partnership development and/or 

collaboration (State/local government and businesses, community programs and 

business leaders, etc.). Recommendations made 10 or more times for Guideline 

2C include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Develop/expand NETS programs/employer 20 3 15% 

 traffic coordination of/involvement in 

 youth programs. 

12
• Expand/promote employer/employee public 19 1 5% 

 awareness. 

• Expand/promote collaboration with employers 16 3 19% 

 to expand/enhance programs. 

• Encourage/assist in development of programs 10 1 10% 

for small employers.

 E. 2D - Alcohol Availability and Responsible Alcohol Service. Per NHTSA 

Highway Safety Guidelines, States should promote responsible alcohol service 

policies and practices in the retail alcohol service industry, including 

package stores, restaurants and taverns, through well-publicized and enforced 

laws. 

 

 There were 171 recommendations for Guideline Area 2D, including 61 

priority recommendations. In general terms, the majority of recommendations 

produced in this area fall into one of several major themes or categories: 

(1) develop programs/legislation or review existing laws that control or 

restrict alcohol availability or service particularly to those under 21; (2) 

require or develop training for alcohol sellers and servers; (3) 

develop/enact Dram Shop1

 or social host liability laws; and (4) revise/use 

alcohol tax revenue to help fund prevention programs. Recommendations made 

10 or more times for Guideline 2D include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Develop/expand/improve programs, efforts, 23 9 39% 

 legislation, to control alcohol sales 

 and service to those under 21. 

• Revise State alcohol beverage tax; use 18 10 56% 

 surcharges on DUI education, enforcement, 

 prosecution, etc. 

• Establish/require mandatory training for 16 3 19% 

 sellers and/or servers of alcohol. 

• Enact Dram Shop legislation. 14 7 50% 

• Require beer keg registration. 13 3 23% 

 F. 2E - Transportation Alternatives. Per NHTSA Highway Safety 

Guidelines, States should promote alternative transportation programs that 

enable impaired individuals to reach their destination without driving. 

 There were 74 recommendations for Guideline Area 2E, including 13 

priority recommendations. The large majority of recommendations for 

Guideline Area 2E revolved around: (1) discouraging alcohol consumption by 

designated drivers and over-consumption by anyone; (2) promoting or expanding 

designated driver or other safe alternative programs and (3) ensuring that 

 

1

 Dram Shop is a term that refers to the liability of establishments, arising from the sale of alcohol to obviously 

intoxicated persons or minors who subsequently cause death or injury to third parties in alcohol-related crashes. 

13
designated driver programs discourage underage drinking by anyone under the 

age of 21. Recommendations made 10 or more times for Guideline 2E include 

(in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Promote alternative transportation 22 5 23% 

 programs to discourage drinking by 

 designated drivers and over-consumption 

 by anyone. 

• Promote/continue/expand designated driver 17 1 5% 

 or other safe alternatives programs. 

• Ensure designated driver programs 15 3 20% 

discourage underage drinking.

III. GUIDELINE AREA 3 - DETERRENCE. NHTSA Highway Safety Program guidelines 

Provide that each State should implement a system of activities to deter 

impaired driving. The deterrence system should include legislation, public 

information and education, enforcement, prosecution, and adjudication. The 

goal should be to increase the perception and probability of arrest for 

violators and impose swift and sure sanctions. 

 A. ANALYSIS. Guideline Area 3 (Deterrence) contains five components: 

Laws to Deter Impaired Driving; Public Information and Education for 

Deterrence; Enforcement; Prosecution and Adjudication. As shown in Table 5, 

the assessments produced 1,238 recommendations, including 354 priority 

recommendations. Appendix E compiles the Deterrence recommendations. 

 Guideline Area 3 contains nearly 42 percent of all recommendations 

produced in the assessments, with numerous recommendations for each of the 

five Guideline Area 3 components (ranging from 151 to 389). 

 Areas 3C (Enforcement) and 3A (Laws to Deter Impaired Driving) each 

generated more than 300 recommendations and more than 25 percent of their 

recommendations were priority recommendations. While Areas 3D (Prosecution) 

and 3E (Adjudication) generated slightly fewer recommendations, their numbers 

were still large and each produced a significant portion (25 percent or more) 

of priority recommendations. Specifically: 

 - Area 3C (Enforcement) produced 31 percent of all Deterrence 

recommendations and 29 percent of Deterrence priority recommendations. Also, 

27 percent (103 of 389) of 3C recommendations were priority recommendations. 

 - Area 3A (Laws to Deter Impaired Driving) produced 24 percent of all 

Deterrence recommendations and 34 percent of Deterrence priority 

recommendations. Also, 40 percent (120 of 301) of 3A recommendations were 

priority recommendations. 

 - Area 3D (Prosecution) produced 171 recommendations and 26 percent (44) 

of them were priority recommendations. 

 - Area 3E (Adjudication) produced 224 recommendations and 25 percent 

(55) of them were priority recommendations. 

14
TABLE 5

NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 3 

DETERRENCE 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

3A - Laws to Deter Impaired Driving 301 120 40% 

3B - Public Information and Education 151 30 20% 

 for Deterrence 

3C - Enforcement 389 103 27% 

3D - Prosecution 171 44 26% 

3E - Adjudication 224 56 25%

TOTAL GUIDELINE AREA 3 RECOMMENDATIONS 1238 354 29% 

 B. 3A - Laws to Deter Impaired Driving. Per NHTSA Highway Safety 

Guidelines, States should enact laws that define and prohibit impaired 

driving in broad and readily enforceable terms, facilitate the acquisition of 

evidence against impaired drivers and permit a broad range of administrative 

and judicial penalties and actions. 

 There were 301 recommendations for Guideline Area 3A produced in the 

assessments including 120 priority recommendations. In general, the 

recommendations for Guideline Area 3A involved: (1) defining impaired-driving 

offenses through the enactment or revision of laws; (2) providing effective 

penalties for impaired-driving offenses; and (3) providing for the effective 

enforcement of impaired-driving laws. Recommendations made 10 or more times 

for Guideline 3A include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

• Provide increasingly severe penalties 44 14 32% 

 for repeat or habitual offenders, driving 

 with higher BAC, child endangerment, etc. 

• Recommendations to create body of law, 35 13 37% 

 revise or clarify language, close 

 loopholes in the law, etc. 

 

• Enact legislation to set the per se BAC 33 22 67% 

 level at 0.08 for both criminal and 

 administrative sanction. 

• Enact/continue/amend open container laws. 24 12 50% 

• Require mandatory BAC testing. 22 4 18% 

• Enact or revise law to provide for 19 10 53% 

 Administrative License Revocation or 

 Suspension. 

15
• Provide for special penalty provisions for 16 5 31% 

 Youthful (Under Age 21) offenders. 

• Enact/revise Illegal Per Se Law for Drivers 14 9 64% 

 Under Age of 21. 

• Enact/revise law for DUI of Other Drugs or 12 6 50% 

 Impairing Substances. 

• Allow the use of alternative sanctions in 12 3 25% 

 sentencing. 

• Include implied consent provisions in law. 11 4 36% 

 C. 3B - Public Information and Education for Deterrence. Per NHTSA 

Highway Safety Guidelines, States should implement public information and 

education (PI&E) programs to maximize public perception of the risks of being 

caught and punished for impaired driving. 

 There were 151 recommendations, including 30 priority recommendations, 

produced in the assessments for Guideline Area 3B. In general, the 

recommendations involved: (1) developing or enhancing an overall Statewide 

PI&E plan; (2) developing or expanding Statewide PI&E plans with a specific 

theme; (3) building law enforcement and media relationships to enhance public 

awareness and (4) developing or expanding PI&E efforts that target specific 

high risk, cultural or ethnic groups. Recommendations made 10 or more times 

for Guideline 3B include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

 

• Develop/coordinate Statewide PI&E plans. 18 10 56% 

• Develop/expand/plan PI&E campaigns. 14 6 43% 

• Build/improve law enforcement and media 14 1 7% 

 relationships. 

• Develop/expand PI&E efforts targeting 14 1 7% 

 high risk groups. 

• Expand PI&E campaign publicity efforts. 13 1 8% 

• Educate the public on impaired driving. 11 4 36% 

• Provide funding for PI&E efforts. 11 2 18% 

• Develop PI&E efforts targeting specific 10 1 10% 

 groups (ethnic, cultural, regional, etc.) 

 D. 3C - Enforcement. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, States 

should implement comprehensive enforcement programs to maximize the 

likelihood of detecting, investigating, arresting, and convicting impaired 

drivers. 

 

16
 There were 389 recommendations, including 103 priority recommendations 

produced in the assessments for Guideline Area 3C. In general, the 

recommendations for Guideline Area 3C involved: (1) providing effective 

training for law enforcement personnel; (2) prioritizing/enhancing DUI 

enforcement; (3) providing adequate equipment or facilities to deal with 

impaired drivers; (4) enhancement of the DUI offender arrest/post-arrest 

process; and (5) maximizing offender/police contact. Recommendations made 10 

or more times for Guideline 3C include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

 

• Provide PBT's, Intoxilyzers to law 32 7 22% 

 enforcement officers (including funding, 

 training, policies for use, etc.) 

• Enhance the DUI arrest process. 24 6 25% 

• Provide adequate/increase DUI enforcement 23 5 22% 

 funding. 

• Conduct sobriety checkpoints, higher 22 6 27% 

 visibility, and/or saturation patrol 

 efforts. 

• Improve/promote intergovernmental and/or 22 6 27% 

 interagency coordination, cooperation 

 efforts. 

• Provide Standardized Field Sobriety Test 21 7 33% 

 training. 

• Provide Drug Evaluation/Recognition training. 21 3 14% 

 

• Conduct multi-agency/jurisdiction DUI 20 7 35% 

 enforcement efforts. 

• Seek legislative support to enhance DUI 18 4 22% 

 enforcement efforts. 

• Improve data handling/evaluation of data. 18 1 6% 

 

• Prioritize DUI enforcement activity. 17 11 65% 

 

• Conduct enforcement efforts targeting 17 2 12% 

 underage drivers. 

• Provide DUI detection training to law 17 8 47% 

 enforcement officers. 

 

• Provide video/audio equipment to law 11 2 18% 

 enforcement officers (training, funding 

 for, policies, etc.). 

• Establish/maintain Drug Evaluation and/or 11 2 18% 

 Classification Programs. 

• Law enforcement personnel (hiring, retaining, 10 2 20% 

 qualifications). 

17
 E. 3D - Prosecution. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, States 

should implement a comprehensive program for visible and aggressive 

prosecution of impaired-driving cases. 

 

 There were 171 recommendations produced in the assessments for Guideline 

Area 3D, including 44 priority recommendations. In general, the 

recommendations for Guideline Area 3D involved: (1) providing or improving 

DUI training and education for prosecutors; (2) speeding and strengthening 

the DUI prosecution process; (3) limiting or eliminating plea 

bargaining/charge reductions; and (4) providing adequate resources to 

prosecutor offices. Recommendations made 10 or more times for Guideline 3D 

include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

 

• Provide or enhance DUI training and 37 5 14% 

 education for prosecutors. 

• Streamline/speed DUI prosecution efforts. 29 9 31% 

• Strengthen DUI prosecution efforts. 12 1 8% 

• Provide/increase prosecutor/hearing officer 10 2 20% 

 staffing resources. 

• Prohibit/limit the reduction of DUI charges. 10 3 30% 

 

 F. 3E - Adjudication. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, the 

effectiveness of prosecution and enforcement efforts is lost without support 

and strength in adjudication. 

 

 There were 224 recommendations produced in the assessments for this 

guideline area, including 56 priority recommendations. Just over 20 percent 

of the recommendations involved providing educational or training 

opportunities to help judges and administrative hearing officers better or 

more appropriately adjudicate DUI cases. Other large groups of 

recommendations included: (1) making changes to judicial procedures or 

reorganizing court systems to enhance impaired-driving adjudication; (2) 

enhancing case management by providing adequate resources to court systems; 

(3) giving courts an effective option by providing sufficient resources to 

adequately staff probation and parole programs; and (4) improving court 

information and records systems. Recommendations made 10 or more times for 

Guideline 3E include (in descending order): 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

 

• Provide DUI training and education for 49 15 31% 

 judges and ALR officers to improve 

 adjudication. 

• Changes to procedures to enhance the 27 5 19% 

 adjudication of DUI. 

 

18
• Revise State trial system structure. 19 7 37% 

 

• Provide sufficient court resources for 18 5 28% 

 adjudication and case management. 

• Provide adequate staffing of probation 16 5 31% 

 and parole programs and resources to 

 monitor programs. 

• Improve court information and records 12 1 8% 

 systems. 

• Develop/revise sentencing guidelines 10 0 0% 

or alternatives.

IV. GUIDELINE AREA 4 - DRIVER LICENSING. NHTSA Highway Safety Program 

guidelines provides that programs implemented by the motor vehicle agency can 

prevent or deter the incidence of impaired driving as well as effect the 

treatment and rehabilitation of impaired drivers. 

 

 A. ANALYSIS. Guideline Area 4 (Driver Licensing) contains three 

components: Prevention, Deterrence, and Program Management. As shown in 

Table 6, 345 recommendations were produced in this guideline area in the 

assessments and 106 were priority recommendations. Appendix F compiles all 

Guideline Area 4 recommendations. 

 

 Guideline Area 4 generated the second fewest number of recommendations, 

compared with other guideline areas. Within Guideline Area 4, Areas 4A 

(Prevention) and 4B (Deterrence) produced greater numbers of recommendations. 

In addition, a significant portion (25 percent or more) of the 

recommendations generated under Areas 4B (Deterrence) and 4C (Program 

Management) were priority recommendations. Specifically: 

 - Area 4A (Prevention - Driver Licensing) produced 39 percent of all 

Driver Licensing recommendations. 

 - Area 4B (Deterrence) produced 37 percent of all Driver Licensing 

recommendations and 38 percent of the recommendations were priority 

recommendations. 

 - Area 4C (Program Management) produced 25 percent of all Driver 

Licensing recommendations and 32 percent of the recommendations were priority 

recommendations.

 

19
TABLE 6

NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 4 

DRIVER LICENSING 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

4A - Prevention (Driver Licensing) 133 31 23% 

4B - Deterrence 127 48 38% 

4C - Program Management 85 27 32%

TOTAL GUIDELINE AREA 4 RECOMMENDATIONS 345 106 31% 

 B. 4A - Prevention (Driver Licensing). Per NHTSA Highway Safety 

Guidelines, each State should have a licensing/registration system that 

reinforces the deterrence and prevention of impaired driving and fosters the 

treatment and rehabilitation of impaired drivers. 

 There were 133 recommendations for Guideline Area 4A, including 31 

priority recommendations. In general terms, most of the recommendations for 

this area fall into one of the following categories: (1) 

implement/adopt/revise/evaluate some form of a graduated drivers license, 

provisional, and/or restricted licensing program; (2) ensure DMV involvement 

in PI&E efforts; adapt/use driver license technology to enhance prevention 

efforts; (3) develop/enhance an administrative license revocation system; (4) 

improve driver education; and (5) develop/expand highway safety information 

system. Recommendations made 10 or more times for Guideline 4A include (in 

descending order): 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

 

• Provide/implement a graduated driver/ 24 7 29% 

 restricted/provisional licensing system. 

 

• Ensure/promote active DMV involvement in 17 1 6% 

 PI&E efforts. 

 

• Adopt driver license technology to reduce 13 2 15% 

 fraud, identify juvenile drivers, etc. 

• Develop or enhance existing administrative 11 2 18% 

 license revocation system. 

• Mandate/enhance driver training and 11 2 18% 

education.

 C. 4B - Deterrence. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, the State 

driver-licensing agency should support the passage and implementation of laws 

to deter impaired driving. 

There were 127 recommendations for Guideline Area 4B, including 48 

priority recommendations. In general, the recommendations for Guideline Area 

20
4B involved enhancing the deterrence effect by: (1) providing for more severe 

administrative penalties; (2) enhancing the speed and efficiency of the 

administrative license revocation process; (3) developing a zero tolerance 

policy for drivers under age 21; (4) evaluating deterrence efforts; and (5) 

improving data reporting systems, availability and exchange. Recommendations 

made 10 or more times for Guideline 4B include (in descending order): 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

 

• Develop increasingly severe administrative 29 8 28% 

 penalties to enhance deterrence effect. 

• Improve/enhance the speed and efficiency 25 12 48% 

 of the administrative license revocation 

 process. 

• Enact legislation to increase the deterrent 19 10 53% 

 effect on drivers under age 21. 

• Perform program evaluations/data analysis 11 3 27% 

 to support legislative arguments. 

 D. 4C - Program Management. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, the 

effective management of the motor vehicle agency primarily involves the use 

and dissemination of the information that the agency houses. Other factors 

that support the workings of the system must also be considered to operate at 

peak efficiency. 

 There were 85 recommendations for Guideline Area 4C, including 27 

priority recommendations. Nearly 50 percent of these recommendations fell 

into two categories: (1) improving data exchange between DMV and court 

systems and (2) adopting a Statewide uniform traffic citation system. 

Recommendations made 10 or more times for Guideline 4C include (in descending 

order): 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

 

• Develop/improve data exchange between 29 8 28% 

 courts and DMV. 

 

• Adopt/implement Statewide uniform traffic 13 6 46% 

 citation including electronic citations 

 and/or tracking. 

V. GUIDELINE AREA 5 - TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION. NHTSA Highway Safety 

Program guidelines provide that many first-time impaired-driving offenders 

and most repeat offenders have substantial substance abuse problems that 

affect their entire lives, not just their driving. They have been neither 

prevented nor deterred from impaired driving. Each State should implement a 

system to identify and refer these drivers to appropriate substance abuse 

treatment programs to change their dangerous behavior. 

21
 A. ANALYSIS. Guideline Area 5 (Treatment and Rehabilitation) contains 

two components: Diagnosis and Screening, and Treatment and Rehabilitation. 

As shown in Table 7, 196 recommendations were produced and 67 of the 

recommendations were priority recommendations. Appendix G compiles all of 

the Guideline Area 5 recommendations. 

 Guideline Area 5 generated the fewest number of recommendations, 

compared to the other guideline areas. However, a significant portion (25 

percent or more) of recommendations for both Areas 5A (Diagnosis and 

Screening) and 5B (Treatment and Rehabilitation) were priority 

recommendations. 

 

TABLE 7

NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 5 

TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

5A - Diagnosis and Screening 28 9 32% 

5B - Treatment and Rehabilitation 168 58 35%

TOTAL GUIDELINE AREA 5 RECOMMENDATIONS 196 67 34% 

 

 

 B. 5A - Diagnosis and Screening. Per NHTSA Highway Safety Guidelines, 

each State should have a systematic program to evaluate persons who have been 

convicted of an impaired-driving offense to determine whether they have a 

significant alcohol or drug use problem. 

 There were 28 recommendations for Guideline Area 5A, including 9 

priority recommendations. The majority of these recommendations involved 

developing or providing a screening mechanism for DUI offenders. 

Recommendations made 10 or more times for Guideline 5A include (in descending 

order): 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

 

• Develop/provide a screening mechanism for 16 5 31% 

 DUI offenders. 

 C. 5B - Treatment and Rehabilitation. Per NHTSA Highway Safety 

Guidelines, each State should establish and maintain programs to treat 

alcohol- and other drug-impaired persons referred through traffic courts and 

other sources. 

 There were 168 recommendations for Guideline Area 5B, including 58 

priority recommendations. In general terms, most of these recommendations 

fell into one of several categories, including: (1) provide offenders, 

including youths, with appropriate treatment access; (2) perform evaluations 

of assessment and treatment programs; (3) develop and implement a client 

tracking system; (4) develop and use standard treatment guidelines and 

22
criteria; and (5) provide adequate resources for treatment programs. 

Recommendations made 10 or more times for Guideline 5B include (in descending 

order): 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority

 

• Evaluate assessment/treatment programs. 24 5 21% 

 

• Develop/implement a DUI client tracking 16 8 50% 

 system. 

• Provide offenders with access to treatment 14 5 36% 

 and/or education programs. 

• Create task forces to explore variety of 11 5 45% 

 treatment and rehabilitation issues. 

 

• Ensure availability of appropriate alcohol 11 6 55% 

 and drug treatment/rehabilitation for 

 youthful offenders. 

• Provide adequate funding for treatment 10 4 40% 

 programs. 

• Use of standard criteria for determining 10 2 20% 

treatment and rehabilitation needs.

SECTION THREE - CONCLUDING REMARKS 

I. STUDY LIMITATIONS. It should be noted that there are inherent 

limitations to this retrospective review and compilation of assessment 

recommendations. Data for this study consists solely of recommendations 

produced in the impaired-driving assessment reports. Each assessment took 

place within a limited time frame (one week) and assessment team 

recommendations were based on the information provided to them. This review 

does not account for any changes that may have taken place in the various 

State impaired-driving programs since the original assessments. This effort 

did not seek to determine whether the assessment process was responsible for 

changes to a State's impaired-driving program. More specific information 

related to the recommendations and associated outcomes would be needed to 

evaluate the impact of the assessment process. 

 

 This study was an effort by a single reviewer to subjectively categorize 

and then quantify a very large number of varied assessment team 

recommendations that were produced in the assessment reports. There has been 

no evaluation of this single reviewer's interpretation of the 

recommendations. The reviewer's categorization effort was complicated by 

several factors. 

 First, while assessment team members used the guidelines for each 

assessment, the sheer complexity and variety of State impaired-driving 

programs and the different State environments in which they exist, led to an 

extremely wide variety of recommendations. Second, each of the five 

guideline areas contains several components (altogether 21 different 

components) and there was a wide variety of recommendations within each of 

23
the components, so the reviewer had to create "sub-categories" within each 

component. The reviewer used his interpretation and judgment to decide to 

which "sub-category" the individual recommendation belonged. The reviewer 

also developed multiple "themes" for the recommendations within each 

guideline area based on his judgment. Third, many of the recommendations 

were very lengthy, contained legal or technical language, or both. Many 

recommendations were similar, but contained dissimilar wording. In addition, 

a large number of recommendations were "compound" and actually contained 

multiple recommendations. Further, the scope of the recommendations varied 

considerably, ranging from Statewide recommendations to those involving a 

specific locality or even employer. 

 Finally, it should be noted that there was no attempt to compare the 

State re-assessments to the original assessments. There were several reasons 

for this. First, the primary purpose for each assessment and subsequent reassessment was to identify weaknesses or deficiencies as compared to the 

standard and make recommendations for improvement. Second, each assessment 

and re-assessment reflects the views of a different assessment team and is 

considered a standalone snapshot of the current status of a State's impaireddriving program. Third, it could not be determined that any post-assessment 

changes made to a State's impaired-driving program could be attributed to the 

previous assessment. There are no attempts to penalize a State if assessment 

recommendations are not followed. 

 

II. SUMMARY. The Statewide impaired-driving assessment process has been 

employed 42 times (32 assessments and 10 re-assessments) through October 

2003. Assessment recommendations draw attention to critical needs and 

problem areas for each State. There were 2,982 recommendations produced in 

the assessment reports and this study effort was an attempt to sort, 

categorize and quantify those recommendations for each of the guideline areas 

and their respective components. The sheer number and wide variety of 

assessment recommendations indicate that most, if not all, of the assessed 

States have significant needs regarding their impaired-driving programs. 

Large numbers of recommendations and high percentages of priority 

recommendations within a guideline area may reflect overall importance and 

breadth of its various components. It should not be assumed that a 

particular guideline area is strong or weak based solely on the number of 

recommendations regarding the area. 

 

 Despite the complexity of categorizing the myriad of recommendations, 

most of them could be applied to one of several large thematic areas (see 

Table 8). Most of the guideline areas contained recommendations matching 

these themes. It is recommended that this compilation of recommendations be 

used to highlight those guideline areas and components with a preponderance 

of recommendations and to help illuminate those areas where perhaps there 

have been fewer recommendations made. This could help focus attention on 

specific problem areas, identify where future attention should be given and 

help establish new, or revise existing, guideline areas and components. It 

is hoped that this compilation of assessment recommendations will assist the 

Impaired-driving Division of the Office of Impaired-driving and Occupant 

Protection in enhancing assessments of State impaired-driving programs in the 

future. 

24
TABLE 8

NUMBER OF RECOMMENDATIONS BY GENERAL CATEGORIZATION (OR THEME) 

 

 Total Number of Percent 

 Number of Priority that are 

 Recommendations Recommendations Priority 

Increase deterrence effect by 470 156 33% 

prioritizing enforcement and by 

enhancing arrest, prosecution, 

and adjudication processes. 

Provide/increase PI&E efforts for 370 82 22% 

DUI prevention and deterrence. 

Remedy DUI data/records problems 352 106 30% 

(e.g., accessibility, offender 

tracking systems, data linkages, 

data reporting, etc.). 

Create/revise laws and other 344 136 40% 

legislative efforts to increase 

DUI deterrence. 

Increase/enhance training for law 259 73 28% 

enforcement, prosecution, and 

judicial personnel. 

Strengthen DUI prevention efforts 215 72 34% 

by creating new, or revising existing 

laws and other legislative efforts 

to strengthen prevention. 

Evaluate impaired-driving programs 211 47 22% 

and activities. 

Provide sufficient treatment and 138 55 40% 

rehabilitation resources (screening, 

diagnosis, facilities, personnel). 

Improve inter/intra-governmental 136 51 38% 

coordination and cooperation 

regarding DUI efforts. 

Funding-related recommendations to 118 44 37% 

provide adequate resources and/or 

promote self-sufficiency efforts. 

Develop/increase number of task 117 30 26% 

forces or increase community 

involvement 

25
HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM 

GUIDELINE AREA No. 8 

IMPAIRED DRIVING 

Each State, in cooperation with its political subdivisions, should have a 

comprehensive program to combat impaired driving. This guideline describes 

the areas that each State's program should address. Throughout this 

guideline, "impaired driving" means operating any motor vehicle while one's 

faculties are affected by alcohol or other drugs, medications, or other 

substances. "Impaired driving" includes, but is not limited to, impairment as 

defined in State statutes. 

 I. PREVENTION 

 Each State should have prevention programs to reduce impaired driving 

 through approaches commonly associated with public health -- altering 

 social norms, changing risky or dangerous behaviors, and creating 

 protective environments. Prevention and public health programs 

 promote activities to educate the public on the effects of alcohol 

 and other drugs, limit alcohol and drug availability, and prevent 

 those impaired by alcohol and drugs from driving. Prevention programs 

 are typically carried out in schools, work sites, medical and health 

 care facilities, and community groups. Each State should implement a 

 system of impaired driving prevention activities and work with the 

 traffic safety, health and medical communities to foster health and 

 reduce traffic-related injuries and their resulting costs. 

 A. Public Information and Education for Prevention 

 States should develop and implement public information and 

 education (PI&E) programs directed at impaired driving, and 

 reducing the risk of injury or death and their resulting medical, 

 legal and other costs. Programs should start at the State level 

 and extend to communities through State assistance, model 

 programs, and public encouragement. States should: 

 - Have a statewide plan, program, and coordinator for all 

 impaired driving PI&E activities; 

 - Develop their own PI&E campaigns and materials, either by 

 adapting materials from the Federal government or other States, 

 or by creating new campaigns and materials; 

 - Encourage and support communities to implement awareness 

 programs at the local level; 

 - Encourage businesses and private organizations to participate 

 in impaired driving PI&E campaigns; and 

 - Encourage media to support impaired driving highway safety 

 issues by reporting on programs, activities (including 

 enforcement campaigns), alcohol-related arrests, and alcohol- 

 related crashes. 

A-1
 B. School Programs 

Student programs, including kindergarten through college and 

 trade school, play a critical role in preventing impaired 

 driving. States should: 

 - Implement K-12 traffic safety education, with appropriate 

 emphasis on impaired driving, as part of a comprehensive health 

 education program; 

 - Establish and support student safety clubs and activities and 

 create a statewide network linking these groups; 

 - Establish liaisons with higher education institutions to 

 encourage policies to reduce alcohol, other drug, and traffic 

 safety problems on college campuses; 

 - Promote alcohol- and drug-free events throughout the school 

 year, with particular emphasis on high-risk times such as prom, 

 spring break, and graduation; 

 - Coordinate closely with anti-drug education efforts and 

 programs; 

 - Develop working relationships with school health personnel as a 

 means of providing information to students about a variety of 

 traffic safety and health behaviors; and 

 - Make effective use of criminal justice, medical, or other 

 professionals through presentations in the classroom or 

 assembly programs. 

 C. Employer Programs 

 States should provide information and technical assistance to all 

 employers, encouraging them to offer programs to reduce impaired 

 driving by employees and their families. These programs should 

 include: 

 - Model policies for impaired driving and other traffic safety 

 issues, including safety belt use and speeding; 

 - Management training to recognize and address alcohol and drug 

 impairment; Education and treatment programs for employees; and 

 Employee awareness activities. 

 - States should especially encourage companies and businesses to 

 provide impaired driving programs to their youthful employees. 

 The States should also be familiar with FHWA's drug and alcohol 

 requirements for employers of commercial motor vehicle (CMV) 

 drivers. 

 

A-2
 D. Responsible Alcohol Service 

 States should promote responsible alcohol service policies and 

 practices through social host programs and well-publicized and 

 enforced laws, regulations, policies and education in the retail 

 alcohol service industry (including package stores, restaurants, 

 and taverns). States should: 

 - Implement and enforce programs to eliminate the sale or service 

 of alcoholic beverages to those under 21 years of age; 

 - Promote alcohol server and service programs, including 

 assessments, written policies, and training; 

 - Ensure adequate alcohol control regulations dealing with 

 issues such as service to visibly intoxicated patrons and the 

 elimination of "happy hours" during which free or reduced-price 

 alcoholic beverages are offered (food and non-alcoholic 

 beverages may be offered instead during such times); 

 - Provide adequate resources (including budget, staff, and 

 training) to enforce alcohol beverage control regulations; 

 - Promote the display of responsible alcohol use and drinking and 

 driving information in alcohol sales and service 

 establishments; 

 - Promote participation in designated driver, safe rides, and 

 other alternative transportation programs; and 

 - Provide that commercial establishments may be held responsible 

 for damages caused by any patron who was served alcohol when 

 visibly intoxicated. 

 E. Transportation Alternatives 

 States should promote alternative transportation programs that 

 enable drinkers to reach their destinations without driving. 

 Alternative transportation programs include: 

 - Designated drivers; and 

 - Safe rides. 

 II. DETERRENCE 

 Each State should have a deterrence program to reduce impaired 

 driving through activities to create the maximum possible perception 

 of detection, arrest and punishment among persons who might be 

 tempted to drive under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, 

 including CMV drivers. Close coordination with law enforcement 

 agencies on the municipal, county, and state levels is needed to 

 create and sustain the perceived risk of being detected and 

 arrested. Specialized traffic enforcement efforts, such as the Motor 

A-3
 Carrier Safety Assistance Program (MCSAP), also serve as a core 

 element in the detection of impaired drivers. Equally close 

 coordination with courts and the motor vehicle licensing and 

 registration agency is needed to enhance the fear of punishment. 

 Effective use of all available media is essential to create and 

 maintain a strong public awareness of impaired driving enforcement 

 and sanctions. 

 Each State should implement a system of activities to deter impaired 

 driving. The deterrence system should include legislation, public 

 information and education, enforcement, prosecution, adjudication, 

 criminal sanctions, driver licensing, and vehicle registration 

 activities. The goal should be to increase the perception and 

 probability of arrest for violators and the imposition of swift and 

 sure sanctions. 

 A. Laws To Deter Impaired Driving 

 States should enact laws that define and prohibit impaired 

 driving in broad and readily enforceable terms, facilitate the 

 acquisition of evidence against impaired drivers, and permit a 

 broad range of administrative and judicial penalties and actions. 

 These laws should: 

 Define impaired driving offenses - 

 - Establish .08 Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) as the blood 

 alcohol level at or above which it is illegal to operate a 

 motor vehicle ("illegal per se"); 

 - Establish .04 BAC as the illegal per se blood alcohol level for 

 commercial truck and bus operators, as provided by commercial 

 driver license regulations; 

 - Establish that it is illegal per se for persons under the age 

 of 21 (the legal drinking age) to drive with any measurable 

 amount of alcohol in their blood, breath, or urine; 

 - Establish that driving under the influence of other drugs 

 (whether illegal, prescription, or over-the-counter) is 

 unlawful and is treated similarly to driving under the 

 influence of alcohol; 

 - Establish vehicular homicide or causing personal injury while 

 under the influence of alcohol as a separate offense; and 

 - Prohibit open alcohol containers and consumption of alcohol in 

 motor vehicles. 

 Provide for effective enforcement of these laws - 

 

 - Authorize police to conduct checkpoints, in which vehicles are 

 stopped on a nondiscriminatory basis to determine whether or 

A-4
 not the operators are driving under the influence of alcohol or 

 drugs; 

 - Authorize police to use a preliminary breath test for a vehicle 

 operator stopped for a suspected impaired driving offense; 

 - Authorize police to test for impairing drugs other than 

 alcohol; 

 - Include implied consent provisions that permit the use of 

 chemical tests and that allow the arresting officer to require 

 more than one test of a vehicle operator stopped for a 

 suspected impaired driving offense; 

 

 - Require prompt and certain license revocation or suspension for 

 persons who refuse to take a chemical test to determine whether 

 they were driving while intoxicated ("implied consent"); and 

 - Require mandatory blood alcohol concentration testing whenever 

 a law enforcement officer has probable cause to believe that a 

 driver has committed an alcohol-related offense. 

 Provide effective penalties for these offenses -- 

 - Require prompt and certain administrative license revocation or 

 suspension of at least 90 days for persons determined by 

 chemical test to violate the State's BAC limit; 

 - Provide for increasingly more severe penalties for repeat 

 offenders, including lengthy license revocation, substantial 

 criminal fines, jail, and/or impoundment or confiscation of 

 license plates or vehicles registered by the offender; 

 - Provide for more stringent criminal penalties for those 

 convicted of more serious offenses, such as vehicular homicide; 

 - Contain special provisions for youth under the age of 21 that 

 mandate driver's license suspension for any violations of laws 

 regarding the use or possession of alcohol or other drugs; and 

 - Establish victim assistance and victim restitution programs and 

 require the use of a victim impact statement prior to 

 sentencing in all impaired driving cases where death or serious 

 injury occurred. 

 B. Public Information and Education for Deterrence 

 States should implement public information and education (PI&E) 

 programs to maximize public perception of the risks of being 

 caught and punished for impaired driving. Public information 

 programs should be: 

 - Comprehensive; 

A-5
 - Seasonally focused; and 

 - Sustained. 

 C. Enforcement 

 States should implement comprehensive enforcement programs to 

 maximize the likelihood of detecting, investigating, arresting, 

 and convicting impaired drivers. These programs should: 

 - Secure a commitment to rigorous impaired driving enforcement 

 from the top levels of police management and State and local 

 government; 

 - Provide state-of-the-art training for police officers, 

 including Standardized Field Sobriety Testing (SFST) and Drug 

 Evaluation and Classification (DEC); 

 

 - Provide adequate equipment and facilities, including 

 preliminary and evidentiary breath test equipment; 

 - Deploy patrol resources effectively, using cooperative efforts 

 of various State and local police agencies as appropriate; 

 - Maximize the likelihood of violator-officer contact; 

 - Make regular use of sobriety checkpoints; 

 - Facilitate the arrest process; 

 - Implement state-of-the-art post-arrest investigation of 

 apprehended impaired drivers; 

 - Emphasize enforcement of youth impaired driving and drinking 

 age laws; and 

 - Emphasize enforcement of laws regulating alcohol or drug 

 impairment by CMV drivers. 

 D. Prosecution 

 States should implement a comprehensive program for visible and 

 aggressive prosecution of impaired driving cases. These programs 

 should: 

 - Give impaired driving cases high priority for prosecution; 

 - Provide sufficient resources to prosecute cases presented by 

 law enforcement efforts; 

 - Facilitate uniformity and consistency in prosecution of 

 impaired driving cases; 

 - Provide training for prosecutors so they can obtain high rates 

 of conviction and seek appropriate sanctions for offenders; 

A-6
 - Prohibit plea bargaining in impaired driving cases, through 

 appropriate legislation; 

 - Encourage vigorous prosecution of alcohol-related fatality and 

 injury cases under both impaired driving and general criminal 

 statutes; and 

 - Ensure that prosecutors are knowledgeable and prepared to 

 prosecute youthful offenders appropriately. 

 E. Adjudication 

 The effectiveness of prosecution and enforcement efforts is lost 

 without support and strength in adjudication. States should 

 implement a comprehensive impaired driving adjudication program 

 to: 

 - Provide sufficient resources to adjudicate cases and manage the 

 dockets brought before them; 

 

 - Facilitate uniformity and consistency in adjudication of 

 impaired driving cases; 

 - Give judges the skills necessary to appropriately adjudicate 

 impaired driving cases; 

 - Provide similar training to administrative hearing officers who 

 hear administrative license revocation appeals; 

 - Inform the judiciary about technical evidence presented in 

 impaired driving cases, including SFST and DEC testimony; 

 - Educate the judiciary in appropriate and aggressive sanctions 

 for offenders including violators of commercial motor vehicle 

 safety regulations; and 

 - Ensure that judges are knowledgeable and prepared to adjudicate 

 youthful offenders cases in an appropriate and aggressive 

 manner. 

 F. Licensing 

 Driver licensing actions can be an effective means for 

 preventing, deterring, and monitoring impaired driving. In 

 addition to the license sanctions for impaired driving offenses 

 discussed earlier, States should: 

 - Implement a graduated licensing system for novice drivers; 

 - Provide for license suspension for drivers under age 21 who 

 drive with a BAC exceeding .02 (or some other low BAC value); 

 - Issue distinctive licenses to drivers under the age of 21; 

 - Monitor licensing records to identify high risk drivers for 

 referral to education or remediation programs; 

A-7
 - Ensure the accurate and timely reporting of alcohol and drug 

 violations as prescribed by the Commercial Drivers License 

 (CDL) regulations; 

 - Assure that all licensing records are used to help assess 

 whether a driver requires alcohol or drug treatment; and 

 - Actively participate in the Driver License Compact to 

 facilitate the exchange of driver license information between 

 jurisdictions. 

 III. TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION 

 Many first-time impaired driving offenders and most repeat 

 offenders have substantial substance abuse problems that affect 

 their entire lives, not just their driving. They have been 

 neither prevented nor deterred from impaired driving. Each State 

 should implement a system to identify and refer these drivers to 

 appropriate substance abuse treatment programs to change their 

 dangerous behavior. 

 A. Diagnosis and Screening 

 States should have a systematic program to evaluate persons who 

 have been convicted of an impaired driving offense to determine 

 if they have an alcohol or drug abuse problem. This evaluation 

 should: 

 - Be required by law; 

 

 - Be conducted by qualified personnel prior to sentencing; and 

 - Be used to decide whether a substance abuse treatment program 

 should be part of the sanctions imposed. 

 B. Treatment and Rehabilitation 

 States should establish and maintain programs to treat alcohol 

 and other drug dependent persons referred through traffic courts 

 and other sources. These programs should: 

 - Ensure that those referred for impaired driving offenses are 

 not permitted to drive again until their substance abuse 

 problems are under control; 

 - Be conducted in addition to, not as a substitute for, license 

 restrictions and other sanctions; and 

 - Be conducted separately for youth. 

A-8
 IV. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 

 Good program management produces effective programs. Planning and 

 coordination are especially important for impaired driving 

 activities, since many different parties are involved. Each State's 

 impaired driving program management system should have an 

 established process for managing its planning (including problem 

 identification), program control, and evaluation activities. The 

 system should provide for community traffic safety programs (CTSPs), 

 State and local task forces, data analysis, and funding. It also 

 should include planning and coordination of activities with other 

 agencies involved in impaired driving programs, such as MCSAP, and e 

 expansion of existing partnerships, such as with the health and 

 medical communities. 

 A. State Program Planning 

 States should develop and implement an overall plan for all 

 impaired driving activities. The plan should: 

 - Be based on careful problem definition that makes use of crash 

 and driver record data; and 

 

 - Direct State and community resources toward effective measures 

 that address the State's impaired driving issues. 

 B. Program Control 

 States should establish procedures to ensure that program 

 activities are implemented as intended. The procedures should 

 provide for systematic monitoring and review of ongoing programs 

 to: 

 - Detect and correct problems quickly; 

 - Measure progress in achieving established goals and objectives; 

 and 

 - Ensure that appropriate data are collected for evaluation. 

 C. State and Local Task Forces and Community Traffic Safety and 

 Other Injury Control Programs 

 States should encourage the development of State and community 

 impaired driving task forces and community traffic safety and 

 other injury control programs. States should: 

 - Use these groups to bring a wide variety of interests and 

 resources to bear on impaired driving issues; 

 - Ensure that Federal, State, and local organizations coordinate 

 impaired driving activities, so that the activities complement 

 rather than compete with each other; and 

 - Ensure that these groups include traditional and non- 

 traditional partners, such as law enforcement, local 

 government, business, education, community groups, health, 

A-9
 medicine, prosecutors and judges. 

 D. Data and Records 

 States should establish and maintain records systems for 

 accidents, arrests, dispositions, driver licenses, and vehicle 

 registrations. Especially important are tracking systems which 

 can provide information on every driver arrested for DWI to 

 determine the disposition of the case and compliance with 

 sanctions. These records systems should be: 

 - Accurate; 

 - Timely; 

 - Able to be linked to each other; and 

 - Readily accessible to police, courts, and planners. 

 E. Evaluation 

 States should evaluate all impaired driving system activities 

 regularly to ensure that programs are effective and scarce 

 resources are allocated appropriately. Evaluation should be: 

 - Designed to use available traffic records and other injury 

 control data systems effectively; 

 - Included in initial program planning to ensure that appropriate 

 data are available and that adequate resources are allocated; 

 and 

 - Conducted regularly. 

 Evaluation results should be: 

 - Reported regularly to project and program managers; and 

 - Used to guide further program activities. 

 F. Funding 

 

 States should allocate funding to impaired driving programs that 

 is: 

 - Adequate for program needs; 

 - Steady -- from dedicated sources; and 

 - To the extent possible, paid by the impaired drivers 

 themselves. The programs should work toward being self- 

 sufficient. 

A-10
APPENDIX B 

IMPAIRED-DRIVING ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS:

- Number by Guideline Area

- Categorization of Recommendations by Guideline Area

 

NUMBER OF IMPAIRED DRIVING 

ASSESSMENT

RECOMMENDATIONS BY GUIDELINE AREA 

 

NUMBER OF 

RECOMMENDATIONS % of % of 

Total Priority

Total Number 

of Rec Rec

Number Priority

GUIDELINE AREA 1 - PROGRAM 

MANAGEMENT 647 178 21.89% 21.24%

1A STATE PROGRAM 

PLANNING 138 51

1B PROGRAM 

CONTROL 86 16

1C STATE AND LOCAL TASK FORCES AND 

SAFE COMMUNITIES PROGRAM 124 26

1D DATA AND RECORDS 156 53

1E EVALUATION 91 17

1F FUNDING 52 15

GUIDELINE AREA 2 - 

PREVENTION 556 147 18.81% 17.54%

2A PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION 

FOR PREVENTION 125 32

2B SCHOOL PROGRAMS AND COMMUNITY 

YOUTH PROGRAMS 105 31

2C EMPLOYER PROGRAMS 81 10

2D ALCOHOL AVAILABILITY AND 

SERVICE 171 61

2E TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES 74 13
GUIDELINE AREA 3 - 

DETERRENCE 1238 354 41.88% 42.24%

3A LAWS TO DETER IMPAIRED 

DRIVING 301 120

3B PI&E FOR DETERRENCE 151 30

3C ENFORCEMENT 391 104

3D PROSECUTION 171 44

3E ADJUDICATION 224 56

GUIDELINE AREA 4 - DRIVER 

LICENSING 345 106 11.67% 12.65%

4A PREVENTION (DRIVERS 

LICENSING) 133 31

4B DETERRENCE 127 48

4C PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 85 27

GUIDELINE AREA 5 - TREATMENT AND 

REHABILITATION 196 67 6.63% 8.00%

5A DIAGNOSIS AND 

SCREENING 28 9

5B TREATMENT AND 

REHABILITATION 168 58

TOTAL NUMBER OF 

RECOMMENDATIONS 2982 852

4A PREVENTION (DRIVERS 

LICENSING) 133 31 0.045 0.037 0.678 0.726

4B DETERRENCE 127 48 0.043 0.057 0.721 0.783

2A PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION 

FOR PREVENTION 125 32 0.042 0.038 0.763 0.821

1C STATE AND LOCAL TASK FORCES AND 

SAFE COMMUNITIES PROGRAM 124 26 0.042 0.031 0.805 0.852

2B SCHOOL PROGRAMS AND COMMUNITY 

YOUTH PROGRAMS 105 31 0.036 0.037 0.841 0.889

1E EVALUATION 91 17 0.031 0.020 0.871 0.909
1B PROGRAM

CONTROL 86 16 0.029 0.019 0.901 0.928

4C PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 85 27 0.029 0.032 0.929 0.961

2C EMPLOYER PROGRAMS 81 10 0.027 0.012 0.957 0.973

2E TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES 74 13 0.025 0.016 0.982 0.988

1F FUNDING 52 15 0.018 0.018 0.999 1.006

5A DIAGNOSIS AND 

SCREENING 28 9 0.009 0.011 1.009 1.017

TOTAL NUMBER OF 

RECOMMENDATIONS 2982 852
APPENDIX B (continued) 

 CATEGORIZATION OF IMPAIRED DRIVING ASSESSMENT

 RECOMMENDATIONS BY GUIDELINE AREA

NUMBER OF 

RECOMMENDATIONS

Total Number of

Number Priority

1A STATE PROGRAM PLANNING 138 51

 Coordinated approaches to state program planning. 25 11

 Crash/impaired driving data (access, usage, validity, etc.) 21 3

 PI&E efforts (develop, re-emphasize, improve, etc.). 14 3

 Specific legislation to enhance DUI efforts. 13 8

 State government/agency reorganization. 12 7

 Develop/continue State DWI Task Forces. 9 5

 Staffing (adequacy, funding for, appointments, etc.) 9 1

 Gov. Highway Safety Program Office (development, coordination, interaction..) 7 5

 Grants (identifying needed grants, application process, flexibility, etc.) 7 3

 Funding resources/allocation issues. 5 1

 Hold Alcohol Forums. 3 1

 BAC testing requirements. 3 1

 Education/training regarding DUI issues. 3 0

 Problem identification analysis to ID problem areas. 3 1

 Development of Safe Communities Teams. 2 1

 DUI paperwork reduction. 2 0

1B PROGRAM CONTROL 86 16

 Develop/continue program monitoring capability. 26 3

 Dissemination/sharing of data/information. 19 4

 Training/workshops. 12 2

 Problem identification. 7 3

 Funding requirements. 6 2

 Progress reports/meetings. 4 0

 Require performance-based projects. 3 0

 Review/revise program control procedures. 2 0

 Review/update grant procedures. 2 0

 Ensure projects have realistic goals/objectives. 2 1

 Auditing requirements. 2 0

 Reduce duplication of effort. 1 1

1C STATE AND LOCAL TASK FORCES AND SAFE COMMUNITIES PROGRAMS 124 26

 State support/assistance to safe communities programs/task forces. 24 3

 Develop/hold workshops or working groups for training/discussion. 18 4

 Publicize DUI task force and/or safe communities programs. 16 3

 Encourage partner involvement in safe communities coalitions. 15 3

 Coordinate efforts of various DUI task forces/safe communities groups. 13 4

 Program evaluation/review/feedback. 11 1

 Expand/market Safe Communities Programs. 10 2

 Create/develop/expand local DUI task forces. 8 3

 Create/develop statewide DUI task forces. 4 2

 Develop performance measures. 3 0
 Host alcohol forums. 2 1

NUMBER OF 

RECOMMENDATIONS

Total Number of

Number Priority

1D DATA AND RECORDS 156 53

 Develop/improve/expand data linkages. 34 8

 Crash/BAC reporting requirements. 27 4

 Establish/develop DWI records/tracking system. 18 12

 Data/records management/planning/coordination recommendations. 18 12

 Data analysis/evaluation. 13 2

 Enhance data accessibility for law enforce., courts, state, community planners. 12 6

 Traffic Records Assessments. 10 4

 Data/information sharing. 8 1

 Uniform traffic citation. 6 1

 BAC testing requirements. 4 0

 FARS data. 3 1

 Proposed data/records-related legislation 3 2

1E EVALUATION 91 17

 Data (collection, availability, use of, etc.) 21 3

 Require/perform evaluations of impaired driving activities. 15 2

 Evaluation project planning. 13 1

 Report/share/publicize evaluation results. 12 1

 Seek evaluation assistance, contracts, etc. 12 4

 Ensure appropriate methodologies, benchmarks, milestones, etc. 11 3

 Develop an evaluation capability. 4 3

 Coordinate evaluation activities. 3 0

 Inventory existing impaired driving programs/efforts. 1 0

1F FUNDING 52 15

 Use of offender fees for impaired driving efforts. 11 3

 Review/encourage/adopt self-sufficiency efforts. 11 4

 Funding evaluation/cost-benefit analysis. 9 0

 Federal funding eligibility. 7 0

 Increase fees that are used for impaired driving programs. 6 5

 Legislation to require use of offender fees to combat impaired driving. 5 2

 DUI tracking systems. 2 0

 Publicize costs of impaired driving. 1 1

2A PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION FOR PREVENTION 125 32

 Improve/expand agency/interagency PI&E planning and coordination efforts. 30 6

 Develop/implement statewide PI&E plans. 15 8

 Establish statewide PI&E Coordinator positions/staffing. 13 6

 Business/advocacy group/school involvement in PI&E efforts. 13 1

 Messages promoting public awareness of DUI risks, health consequences, etc. 13 3

 Evaluation of PI&E activities. 12 2

 PI&E efforts aimed at high risk groups (primarily youth). 8 2

 PI&E recommendations with cultural emphasis. 8 3

 PI&E funding recommendations. 5 0

 Encouragement of media involvement/reporting. 4 0

 PI&E materials. 4 1
 

RECOMMENDATIONS

Total Number of

Number Priority

2B SCHOOL PROGRAMS AND COMMUNITY YOUTH PROGRAMS 105 31

 Coordination of interagency/intergovernmental involvement in youth programs. 19 6

 Develop/implement K-12 alcohol and drug education programs. 16 7

 Evaluation of efforts/data utilization. 16 4

 Develop/encourage alcohol/drug education programs/efforts for college students. 12 3

 Examine, review, revise state curriculum emphasis. 7 1

 State/local government and college coordination/cooperation. 5 1

 Establish task force/consortium to review/improve campus alcohol policies. 5 2

 Establish a youth coordinator position. 5 3

 Involve youth in program development. 5 0

 Community coalition involvement in school and community youth programs. 4 1

 State/local government and school coordination/cooperation. 4 1

 Recommendations with a cultural emphasis. 3 2

 Promote alcohol-free events. 2 0

 Recommendations to involve local and school health personnel. 2 0

2C EMPLOYER PROGRAMS 81 10

 Develop/expand NETS programs/employer traffic safety programs. 20 3

 Employer/employee public awareness education. 19 1

 Collaboration/interaction efforts to expand/enhance programs. 16 3

 Programs for small employers. 10 1

 Program/effort evaluation. 5 0

 Youth-oriented efforts. 4 2

 Interaction with insurance industry. 3 0

 Culture-related awareness recommendations. 2 0

 OSHA regulations. 2 0

2D ALCOHOL AVAILABILITY AND SERVICE 171 61

 Programs/legislation to control alcohol sales/service to those under 21. 23 9

 Alcohol tax revenue allocation. 18 10

 Mandatory training for sellers/servers (including recertification). 16 3

 Dram Shop laws/liability. 14 7

 Require beer keg registration. 13 3

 Restrict alcohol sales promotion and/or hours of sale. 9 3

 Incentives for training. 8 4

 Review/examination of ABC laws/enforcement. 8 6

 State/local government, community ABC enforcement cooperation, 7 4

 coordination, consistency, etc. 

 Licensee sanctions. 6 2

 Social host liability laws. 5 0

 Placement of alcohol outlets. 5 1

 Training standards uniformity for sellers/servers. 5 0

 Enhance ABC enforcement (resource adequacy). 5 1

 Enhance ABC enforcement (training). 5 2

 Requirement for one trained/certified server on site at all times. 4 1

 Alcohol advertising. 3 0

 Enhance ABC enforcement (staffing). 3 2

 Enhance ABC enforcement (organization). 3 0
 Prohibit sales to visibly intoxicated persons. 2 0

 Private club licensing. 2 0

 Age requirements for servers of alcohol. 2 1

 Content of alcohol server/seller training. 2 1

 Training in identification of minors. 2 1

 Enhance ABC enforcement (approach). 1 0

 

NUMBER OF 

RECOMMENDATIONS

Total Number of

Number Priority

2E TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES 74 13

 Discourage designated driver consumption/overconsumption by all. 22 5

 Promote/continue/expand designated driver or safe alternative programs. 17 1

 Designate driver programs should discourage underage drinking. 15 3

 Community participation in developing transportation alternatives. 7 1

 Provide information regarding the health consequences of alcohol use. 5 1

 Enhance education regarding safe transportation alternatives. 4 0

 Website development. 2 0

 Evaluation of safe ride alternatives. 1 1

 Requirement to provide safe alternative transportation for event licensing. 1 1

3A LAWS TO DETER IMPAIRED DRIVING 301 120

 Enact/amend laws providing for increasingly severe penalties for repeat or 44 14

 habitual offenders, driving with greater BAC, child endangerment, etc.

 Statutory Recommendations (to create body of law, revise language, close 35 13

 loopholes, clarification, etc.)

 Enact/revise 0.08 BAC DUI law. 33 22

 Enact/continue/amend open container laws. 24 12

 Enact/revise laws requiring mandatory BAC testing 22 4

 Enact/revise law for Administrative License Revocation/Suspension 19 10

 Enact laws providing for special penalty provisions for Youth Under Age 21 16 5

 Enact/revise Illegal Per Se Law for Drivers Under Age of 21 14 9

 Enact/revise law for DUI of Other Drugs or Impairing Substances 12 6

 Laws to allow the use of alternative sanctions in sentencing 12 3

 Enact/revise implied consent laws. 11 4

 Enact/revise laws to penalize test refusal 9 2

 Revisions to state court/trial system and/or "adjudication process" 9 3

 Enact/modify laws regarding use of Preliminary Breath Tests 8 1

 Enact laws providing for more stringent penalties for more serious offenses 6 3

 (vehicular homicide, intoxication assault, etc.)

 Laws to limit prosecutorial discretion/plea bargaining/charge reductions 6 3

 Laws requiring offender assessment 6 3

 Evidence Admission recommendations 4 1

 Victim Assistance or Restitution Programs 3 1

 Sobriety checkpoint laws 3 0

 Laws requiring alcohol service/server training 2 0

 Research/Evaluation Recommendations 2 1

 Laws for Boating While Intoxicated 1 0

3B PI&E FOR DETERRENCE 151 30

Statewide PI&E Plans (development, coordination, etc.) 18 10

PI&E Campaign (development, expansion, planning, etc.) 14 6

Build/Improve law enforcement and media relationships 14 1
PI&E efforts targeting high risk groups 14 1

PI&E Campaign Publicity Efforts 13 1

Public Education on Impaired Driving 11 4

 PI&E funding requirements 11 2

PI&E efforts targeting specific groups (ethnic, cultural, regional, etc) 10 1

Intergovernmental/Inter-agency coordination and cooperation 8 0

 DUI Reporting System for citizens 8 1

Campaign Messages and Themes 7 1

Encourage media involvement in DUI issues/efforts 7 0

Public/private organization partnership involvement 6 0

 PI&E evaluation efforts 6 0

Statewide PI&E Coordinator/Staffing 3 2

Participation in National Campaigns 1 0

 NUMBER OF

 

RECOMMENDATIONS

Total Number of

Number Priority

3C ENFORCEMENT 389 103

 PBT's/Intoxilyzers (buy, funding, training, policies for use, etc.) 32 7

 Enhancement of the DUI Arrest Process 24 6

 DUI Enforcement-related Funding 23 5

 Sobriety Checkpoints/High Visibility/Saturation Patrol Efforts 22 6

 Intergovernmental/Interagency Coordination, Cooperation Efforts 22 6

 Standardized Field Sobriety Test Training 21 7

 Drug Evaluation/Recognition Training 21 3

 Multi-agency/jurisdiction DUI Law Enforcement Efforts 20 7

 Legislative Support to Enhance DUI Enforcement Efforts 18 4

 Data Handling/Evaluation 18 1

 Prioritize DUI Enforcement Activity. 17 11

 Enforcement Efforts Targeting Underage Drivers 17 2

 DUI Detection Training 17 8

 Video/Audio Equipment (buy, funding, training, policies for use, etc.) 11 2

 Drug Evaluation/Classification Programs (establishment of, maintain, etc.) 11 2

 Law Enforcement Personnel (deployment, qualifications, hiring, retaining, etc.) 10 2

 DUI Arrest/Traffic Law/Court Procedures for Law Enforcement Personnel 9 5

 Adjudication Process 9 4

 Judicial/Prosecutor Training 8 5

 Community-based Partnerships, Coalitions, etc. 7 1

 Enforcement Efforts Aimed at Repeat or Habitual Offenders 6 2

 Training Regarding Underage Drinking Issues 6 3

 Mobile DUI Testing/Processing Vehicles 5 0

 Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Training 5 0

 Alcohol Servers/Seller Training 5 0

 General Recommendations to Purchase of Equipment to Enhance DUI efforts 4 2

 Law Enforcement Leadership/Management Training 4 0

 ABC Enforcement Training 4 0

DWI Tracking/Data Systems 4 2

 DUI Reporting System for Citizens 3 0

 In-service Training Requirements 3 0

 Impaired Commercial Motor Vehicle Operator Enforcement Training 2 0

 Video Evidence Training 1 0
3D PROSECUTION 171 44

 Prosecutor DUI training/education 37 5

 Streamline/speed prosecution of DUI. 29 9

 Strengthen prosecution of DUI 12 1

 Prosecutor/Hearing Officer staffing resources 10 2

 Prohibit/limit reduction of DUI charges. 10 3

 Records/tracking/reporting systems. 10 3

 Examine/resolve DUI body of law issues. 9 4

 Evaluation/analysis efforts 9 1

 Program/Commitment to vigorously prosecute DUI. 6 4

 Utilize experienced prosecutors/reduce stigma of handling DUI cases. 5 1

 Ensure state representation in court by prosecutor's office. 4 2

 Recognize DUI as specialized prosecution area. 4 1

 Prohibit/limit deferral of DUI charges. 4 2

 Prosecution programs for youthful offenders. 4 1

 Communication/coordination efforts. 4 2

 Funding for DUI Prosecution Coordinator/Specialist. 3 2

 DUI arrest process. 3 0

 Funding for technology to enhance prosecution efforts. 2 0

 Ensure availability of driver history to prosecutor. 2 0

 Programs to retain qualified prosecutors. 2 0

 Resources to inform public about prosecution efforts/roles. 1 0

 Funding for planning efforts. 1 1

 NUMBER OF

 

RECOMMENDATIONS

Total Number of

Number Priority

3E ADJUDICATION 224 56

 Educational opportunities for judges/ALR officers to help adjudicate DUI. 49 15

 Procedural changes for adjudication of impaired driving. 27 5

 Trial System Organization/Jurisdiction. 19 7

 Provide courts with sufficient resources to adjudicate/manage case load. 18 5

 Adequate staffing of probation and parole programs and resources to monitor. 16 5

 Court Information and Records Systems 12 1

 Potential conflict of interests 12 1

 Sentencing guidelines/alternatives. 10 0

 Adjudication of youthful offenders. 9 1

 Administrative adjudication. 8 3

 Judicial involvement in public awareness activities. 7 0

 Review of State DUI adjudication system by judicial representatives. 5 4

 Evaluation/Analysis 5 0

 Refine/rewrite body of DUI statutes. 4 2

 Limit/prohibit plea bargaining/charge reduction. 4 2

 Reduce/eliminate deferral of charges. 4 2

 Sentencing consistency. 3 0

 Judicial oversight. 3 0

 Availability of enhanced sanctions. 3 2

 Evaluate disparities in conviction rates. 2 0

 Provide judges with capacity to oversee offender screening. 2 0

 Develop plans to improve adjudication of impaired driving. 1 0
 Coordination of standards, policies, administration. 1 1

4A PREVENTION (DRIVERS LICENSING) 133 31

 Graduated/restricted/provisional drivers licensing 24 7

 DMV involvement in PI&E efforts. 17 1

 Driver license technology. 13 2

 Develop/enhance administrative license revocation system. 11 2

 Driver training/education. 11 2

 Develop comprehensive highway safety information system. 9 3

 Information system with tracking capability. 6 4

 Items to include in driver history records. 6 1

 Proof-of-age identification/license. 6 1

 Develop/improve data linkages. 4 0

 DMV reorganization. 4 2

 Uniform traffic citations. 3 1

 Ensure validity of driver record data. 3 2

 Data/records maintenance. 3 0

 Centralized data base. 3 1

 Repeat/habitual offenders. 3 0

 Compliance with treatment recommendations. 2 1

 DMV-medical advisory board interaction. 2 0

 Licensing sanctions. 2 1

 DMV training efforts. 1 0

 NUMBER OF

 

RECOMMENDATIONS

Total Number of

Number Priority

4B DETERRENCE 127 49

 Enhance deterrence effect by more severe administrative penalties. 29 8

 Enhance speed/efficiency/deterrence effect of the ALR process. 25 12

 Enhance deterrence for drivers under 21. 19 10

 Program evaluation/data analysis efforts. 11 3

 Administrative License Revocation Program/Legislation. 9 6

 Assist/train law enforcement preparation for ALR hearings. 6 1

 Uniform traffic citation/tracking/reporting systems. 6 2

 DUI arrest process improvements. 5 1

 Make licensing sanctions administrative vice judicial in nature. 4 2

 Data reporting requirements (Courts to DMV). 4 1

 Data maintenance. 3 0

 Driver license compacts. 3 3

 Data linkages. 2 0

 Commercial drivers. 1 0

4C PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 85 27

 Court-DMV data exchange. 29 8

 Adopt use of uniform traffic citations/citation tracking/electronic citations 13 6

 Agency/interagency coordination, oversight. 9 2

 Access to records of prior DUI convictions in other states. 8 2

 Data availability/ease of use for law enforcement officer. 6 1

 Develop/expand/improve tracking systems. 5 4

 Examine/improve other data linkages. 5 1
 Fee structures. 5 2

 Evaluation/research recommendations. 3 0

 Develop a statewide comprehensive highway safety MIS. 2 1

5A DIAGNOSIS AND SCREENING 28 9

 Develop/provide screening mechanism for DUI offenders. 16 5

 Provide appropriate screening based on individual needs (youth, repeat, etc.) 6 0

 Evaluate diagnosis and screening programs. 6 4

5B TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION 168 58

 Evaluation of assessment/treatment programs/efforts. 24 5

 Client/referral tracking system. 16 8

 Offender access to treatment/education programs. 14 5

 Task force creation/coordination. 11 5

 Youthful offender treatment. 11 6

 Funding for treatment programs. 10 4

 Treatment/assessment program criteria. 10 2

 Standards for treatment/assessment personnel. 8 3

 Appropriate treatment recommendations. 8 1

 Interagency cooperation. 8 2

 Substance abuse process. 6 4

 Recommendations for judiciary regarding offender assessment 5 2

 Offender assessment procedure. 5 1

 Oversight of assessment program. 5 1

 Health insurance coverage for alcohol/substance abuse treatment. 4 1

 Identify/research/replicate programs. 4 2

 Requirement for treatment. 3 3

 Mandatory substance abuse assessments. 3 1

 Repeat offender treatment. 3 0

 Supervision of offenders 3 2

 Define, regulate ASAP operation, roles, etc. 2 0

 Female offender assessment. 1 0

 Cultural issues regarding treatment. 1 0

 Voluntary organization involvement 1 0

 Ignition Interlock usage 1 0

 Sanctions for failure to complete ASAP 1 0
APPENDIX B (continued) 

 

NUMBER OF IMPAIRED DRIVING 

ASSESSMENT

RECOMMENDATIONS BY GUIDELINE AREA 

 

NUMBER OF 

RECOMMENDATIONS % of % of 

Total Priority

Total Number 

of Rec Rec

Number Priority

GUIDELINE AREA 1 - PROGRAM 

MANAGEMENT 647 178 21.89% 21.24%

1A STATE PROGRAM 

PLANNING 138 51

1B PROGRAM 

CONTROL 86 16

1C STATE AND LOCAL TASK FORCES AND 

SAFE COMMUNITIES PROGRAM 124 26

1D DATA AND RECORDS 156 53

1E EVALUATION 91 17

1F FUNDING 52 15

GUIDELINE AREA 2 - 

PREVENTION 556 147 18.81% 17.54%

2A PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION 

FOR PREVENTION 125 32

2B SCHOOL PROGRAMS AND COMMUNITY 

YOUTH PROGRAMS 105 31

2C EMPLOYER PROGRAMS 81 10

2D ALCOHOL AVAILABILITY AND 

SERVICE 171 61

2E TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES 74 13

GUIDELINE AREA 3 - 

DETERRENCE 1238 354 41.88% 42.24%
3A LAWS TO DETER IMPAIRED 

DRIVING 301 120

3B PI&E FOR DETERRENCE 151 30

3C ENFORCEMENT 391 104

3D PROSECUTION 171 44

3E ADJUDICATION 224 56

GUIDELINE AREA 4 - DRIVER 

LICENSING 345 106 11.67% 12.65%

4A PREVENTION (DRIVERS 

LICENSING) 133 31

4B DETERRENCE 127 48

4C PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 85 27

GUIDELINE AREA 5 - TREATMENT AND 

REHABILITATION 196 67 6.63% 8.00%

5A DIAGNOSIS AND 

SCREENING 28 9

5B TREATMENT AND 

REHABILITATION 168 58

TOTAL NUMBER OF 

RECOMMENDATIONS 2982 852

4A PREVENTION (DRIVERS 

LICENSING) 133 31 0.045 0.037 0.678 0.726

4B DETERRENCE 127 48 0.043 0.057 0.721 0.783

2A PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION 

FOR PREVENTION 125 32 0.042 0.038 0.763 0.821

1C STATE AND LOCAL TASK FORCES AND 

SAFE COMMUNITIES PROGRAM 124 26 0.042 0.031 0.805 0.852

2B SCHOOL PROGRAMS AND COMMUNITY 

YOUTH PROGRAMS 105 31 0.036 0.037 0.841 0.889

1E EVALUATION 91 17 0.031 0.020 0.871 0.909

1B PROGRAM 

CONTROL 86 16 0.029 0.019 0.901 0.928

4C PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 85 27 0.029 0.032 0.929 0.961

2C EMPLOYER PROGRAMS 81 10 0.027 0.012 0.957 0.973
2E TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES 74 13 0.025 0.016 0.982 0.988

1F FUNDING 52 15 0.018 0.018 0.999 1.006

5A DIAGNOSIS AND 

SCREENING 28 9 0.009 0.011 1.009 1.017

TOTAL NUMBER OF 

RECOMMENDATIONS 2982 852
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 1A 

STATE PROGRAM PLANNING 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

Recommendations are presented State-by-State, with the State’s initials 

listed after the recommendation, and also the year of the Assessment if that 

State had more than one Assessment, e.g. IN02 means Indiana, 2002. 

1. GOVERNOR'S HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAMS OFFICE/COMMISSIONS (development, 

interaction, coordination, leadership, planning, etc.) 

- ** Restructure the Coalition Against DWI and Alcohol Abuse to become the 

Governor's Commission on Traffic Safety. It should consist of a chairperson, 

an executive board, and the operating committee. The executive board should 

be made up of State officials whose departments are involved with impaireddriving issues, designated representatives of the State House and Senate, and 

the Chief Justice or a designated representative. NM91 

- ** The newly restructured Governor's Commission on Traffic Safety should 

expand on the work of the State's coalition report and take into account the 

State's Section 410 program and its Highway Safety Plan when developing an 

overall DWI plan for New Mexico. NM91 

- ** Create a Governor's Commission on Alcohol and Traffic Safety to 

facilitate cooperation and coordination among programs. It should consist of 

executive committee (cabinet level officials; government highway safety 

representative; designated reps from legislature and judiciary); Operating 

Committee (comprised of State and local government representatives and 

members of community). Commission should expand on the recommendations of the 

Connecticut Impaired Driving Assessment. CT93 

- ** Continue to enhance the identity of the Bureau of Transportation Safety 

as the strong voice of positive change regarding impaired driving. WI 

- ** Continue to seek and encourage State and local input into the Highway 

Safety Plan development process. WI 

- The Governor's Highway Safety Program should continue serving as West 

Virginia's lead agency in highway safety program planning, coordinating, 

education and information. WV93 

- The Governor's Highway Safety Program is encouraged to continue its 

leadership in developing highway safety initiatives. NC95 

2. STATE GOVERNMENT/AGENCY REORGANIZATION 

- ** Strengthen operation of the Governor's Council on Impaired and Dangerous 

Driving Advisory Board. Form a Program Operations Committee to increase 

coordination of varying programs. Standing committees should include Law 

Enforcement Prevention; Public Information and Education; Youth; Treatment; 

Prosecution/Adjudication; Driver Licensing; Emergency Response and Roadway 

Safety. IN01 

- ** Elevate the Traffic Safety Bureau so that its Chief reports directly to 

the Secretary of Highway and Transportation. NM95 

C-1
- ** Traffic Safety Operations Office should be elevated within Texas DOT to 

division status to provide for more effective and comprehensive traffic 

safety program planning and implementation of Texas impaired-driving 

countermeasures. TX 

- ** Appoint the Secretary of Safety and Security as the State's Governor's 

Highway Safety Representative. OK 

- ** Elevate the Oklahoma Highway Safety Office currently in DPS and have the 

Director of OHSO report directly to the Secretary of Safety and Security. OK 

- ** The Oregon DOT should ensure that organizational changes made within the 

department do not degrade the effectiveness of the traffic safety programs. 

OR

- ** The Transportation Safety Section should make every effort to maintain 

its identity as the focal point for highway safety activities in the State; 

and, ensure they are specifically identified in all promotional printed 

material as well as on all news releases and media campaigns. OR 

- Maintain the current position of Office of Traffic Safety within the State 

government hierarchy in order to retain current emphasis on traffic safety 

issues in general, and DUI of alcohol and other drugs in particular. CA 

- Responsibilities for the Traffic Safety Operations (TSO) Division and the 

districts should be more clearly spelled out as they relate to traffic safety 

programs. Clarity in roles should give the TSO the ability to provide clear 

direction to and oversight of the Traffic Safety specialists in the impaireddriving area. TX 

- Responsibility for Traffic Safety Operations Office's impaired-driving 

programs should be handled by one director. TX 

- Traffic Safety Operations Office Division Director (under recommended 

structure) should be designated as State's Highway Safety Coordinator. TX 

- Expand the authority and make-up of the current Traffic Safety advisory 

committee to become a policy advisory board reporting to the Secretary of 

Highway and Transportation and the Governor. NM95 

3. COORDINATED APPROACHES TO STATE PROGRAM PLANNING (intergovernmental, 

government/public partnerships, etc.) 

- ** Office of Traffic Safety should convene a statewide policy group 

consisting of upper level management from State agencies that are involved in 

reducing the impaired driver problem in Colorado. This group should be 

chaired by the OTS Director and should meet as needed to discuss and solve 

the problems and close the loopholes that are created by a "shared 

responsibility" system. The true policymakers be active in the group and the 

responsibility not be delegated to non-policymaking members of their staff. 

CO 

- ** Alaska must take a coordinated, comprehensive approach involving 

executive, legislative, and judicial decision makers. AK 

- ** By Executive order, the Governor should create an interagency DWI 

working group that would consist of representatives from all State agencies, 

divisions or sections involved in alcohol and DWI prevention programs. AK 

C-2
- ** Office of Transportation Safety (OTS) should include the Law Enforcement 

Assistance Fund prevention projects that are funded by the Alcohol and Drug 

Abuse Division (ADAD) in the Highway Safety Plan. This should result in 

closer planning coordination between agencies at the project development 

stage rather than waiting until implementation. Joint problem identification 

processes should also be initiated to increase the likelihood of prevention 

programs being coordinated with LEAF enforcement projects. CO 

- ** Expand the role of the Safety Web Action Group within Wisconsin DOT to 

oversee the development and implementation of a comprehensive Impaired 

Driving Plan for the State. This plan would include input from ALL players 

and should have a PI&E component to it. WI93 

- ** The local commissions need to be closer partners with Office of Traffic 

Safety in the development and implementation of the State's Impaired Driving 

Plan. OTS should take a lead role in developing these local commissions as a 

key advocate for implementation of the State's Impaired Driving Plan. WI93 

- ** Strengthen the County Master Plan concept by requiring an increased 

level of involvement by all agencies represented on the Governor's Policy 

Council. This should include linking funding decisions by State agencies to 

participation by local grant applicant in the Master Plan process. CA 

- ** Activate the Safety Management System Coalition. OK 

- ** Formalize planning meetings so that interested parties are aware of 

timeframes for submitting recommendations or project proposals. MT 

- ** The GHSP should assume the leadership role for DUI program planning and 

be the primary focal point for coordinating all DUI statewide activities. WV 

- ** Implement the '91 Assessment recommendation to develop a statewide DWI 

plan which should take into account the State's Highway Safety Plan, the 

state's Safety Management Plan, the state's Injury Prevention Plan, the Local 

DWI Grant Program plans, the Community DWI Prevention Plans, and the State's 

Substance Abuse Plan. NM95 

- Increase State and local involvement in the development of the statewide 

impaired-driving program by involving other disciplines representing 

prevention, treatment, education, adjudication, legislation, insurance 

providers, etc. DE 

- Create an informal review process for local community highway safety 

professionals and volunteers to provide input concerning the design, content, 

dissemination of future campaigns and programs to insure the diverse needs of 

the Commonwealth's citizens are being met. VA 

- Develop a more formal method to ensure that all needed perspectives are 

represented on the HSPC and that appropriate new members are courted and 

brought to the table. VT 

- Expand the membership of the Vermont DUI Interagency Work Group to include 

members of the Legislature, the Judiciary, the Vermont Agency of 

Transportation, the TRCC, and appropriate private partners. VT 

- Work with the National Sheriff's Association or Missouri Sheriffs' 

Association to increase involvement in traffic enforcement and training. MO 

C-3
- Continue to increase partnerships with other agencies and groups including 

MO State Water Patrol, Department of Economic Development, Division of Motor 

Carriers and Rail Safety, schools and others to share the messages, 

resources, activities. MO 

- Consideration should be given to adding the DMV, the Department of 

Insurance and other agencies that represent private-sector interests to the 

Governor's Policy Council so that a more complete representation of the 

agencies involved in the alcohol program area can be achieved. CA 

- Look to expand existing coalitions or create new ones that could become 

Safe Communities. MO 

- Develop a working relationship with RIDOT Traffic and Safety Management and 

Planning Divisions to better use technical resources and work toward 

integrating the State's transportation safety planning process. RI 

- The Governor's Executive Steering Committee on Drunk and Drugged Drivers 

should serve as a Statewide coordinating body. It should be expanded to 

include a subcommittee structure to address not only enforcement but also 

prevention and deterrence issues. MD91 

- The Interagency DWI working group should be chaired by the Administrator of 

AK Highway Safety Planning Agency who is designated as the Governor's 

Representative for Highway Safety. The group would ensure a coordinated 

approach to planning, implementation and evaluation of impaired-driving 

activities. AK 

- Office of Traffic Safety should consider having local judges, victims, 

server representatives, and other public and private groups serve as ad hoc 

members of these local commissions. WI93 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau needs to focus more time and effort on 

cultivating and maintaining closer working relationships with those 

organizations that are key players in solving New Mexico's DWI problem. NM95 

- Use the Annual Traffic Safety Action Plan as a program reference document 

for traditional and new partners. This format should include data analysis, 

performance measures, performance goals, performance objectives, planned 

countermeasures and a legislative update. IN01 

4. PI&E EFFORTS 

- ** Identify within the statewide DWI plan a section addressing the State's 

PI&E efforts in combating the DWI problem. NM95 

- ** Expand PI&E efforts so that partners, in addition to the OHS, publicize 

and emphasize impaired driving efforts at the State and local levels. DE 

- ** Expand Interagency Policy Level Group by adding a PI&E specialist. NM 

- Expand the portion of the "Highway Safety and Performance Plan" devoted to 

the Public Awareness Campaigns to fully describe the various public 

information and education activities being conducted by the various 

contractors and not-for-profit organizations. NM 

- The GHSP should develop a PI&E plan and strategy to regularly inform all 

participants, including the public, about DUI issues. WV 

C-4
- Re-emphasize and re-energize impaired-driving PI&E campaigns. DE 

- Add a public information and education specialist to the DWI Interagency 

membership. NM 

- Publish a newsletter to inform partners of the activities and decisions of 

the Highway Safety Policy Council (HSPC). VT 

- The GHSO should contract for services, such as PI&E campaigns and Network 

of Employers for Traffic Safety (NETS). TN 

- Develop a PI&E plan for encouraging public support for improving impaireddriving programs in Wisconsin. WI 

- Use Council's Internet site as an opportunity to increase PI&E and program 

coordination efforts. Also included should be a list of traffic safety events 

occurring throughout the State, training opportunities, available documents 

and links to other partners. IN01 

- The newly restructured Governor's Commission on Traffic Safety's overall 

DWI plan for New Mexico should address the State's PI&E program for impaireddriving. NM91 

- The Division of Highway Safety should work to develop a statewide 

enforcement and media plan for impaired-driving enforcement. CT00 

- The Division of Highway Safety should continue to improve their Internet 

site to increase PI&E efforts, including links to other partners. CT00 

5. CRASH/IMPAIRED DRIVING DATA (access, usage, validity, etc.)

- ** GOHS should convene a traffic records advisory group to develop a 

statement of data needed for improved data analysis, problem identification, 

communication, program monitoring and evaluation. AZ 

- ** Develop a data-driven problem identification process as the basis for 

the State's highway safety plan using the assistance of a qualified data 

analyst or university with statistical and preferably human behavior 

expertise. RI 

- ** Provide impaired-driving data to local groups and partners for analysis 

and recommendations on current and innovative strategies to combat impaired 

driving at the State and local levels. DE 

- Ensure all partners, including those at the local level, have access to 

highway safety data systems generated by the State systems. DE 

- Improving traffic records data resources and facilitating access to that 

data by local agencies and organizations is critical in order to improve the 

quality of problem identification and the measurable impact of targeted 

countermeasure activities. Improvement in determining actual cost benefit of 

program activities will aid in gaining public support for continued funding 

of programs. ND 

- Establish a more timely and complete crash data system. VT

- Enact legislation to mandate reporting of all crashes to single agency. MT 

C-5
- Tennessee, in cooperation with local agencies, should develop a DUI/DWI 

tracking system to enable the collection for all violations. TN 

- Tennessee, in cooperation with local agencies, should develop a uniform 

traffic citation. TN 

- Tennessee should develop an offender-based court tracking system. TN 

- Post county profiles on the Internet for access by partners and others 

interested in traffic safety. MT 

- Develop city and town-level profiles for use by the communities. MT 

- Incorporate the use of both fatality and injury data in the development of 

performance measures. RI 

- Advocate for changes to the electronic crash reporting system that will 

assure more complete reporting of alcohol-related crash data. RI 

- Encourage electronic data gathering and transfer between all stakeholders 

of crashes, citations, and DWI information. MO 

- Assign a team to examine and make recommendations to improve the uniformity 

and timeliness in reporting DWIs. MO 

- Continue Office of Traffic Safety process of improving timely and credible 

data to all users in the State. MN03 

- Continue to support the development of the State's CODES project and begin 

using the data in the State highway safety plan development process. RI 

- Efforts should be made to make crash data available for problem 

identification on a more timely basis. CO 

- Improve the editing process for non-fatal crash records. MI 

- The accident and driver record data must be validated so that all elements 

of the system can have confidence in implementing programs based on the data 

used in the planning process. MT94 

6. SAFE COMMUNITIES TEAM DEVELOPMENT 

- ** The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should begin efforts to 

establish local groups that will focus local efforts toward impacting the DWI 

problem in their communities. AK

- The TSP should continue to aggressively support and develop safe 

communities teams throughout the State and reservations. These safety 

partners provide the necessary link for developing local comprehensive injury 

prevention and control, especially in the problem areas of impaired driving 

and occupant restraint use. ND

7. STATE DWI TASK FORCES 

- ** The Governor's DUI Task Force should be made permanent. MT94 

- ** By Executive order, the Governor should create a Governor's Task Force 

on Impaired Driving that would consist of representatives from private 

industry, advocacy groups, prosecutors, Departments of Public Safety, Health 

C-6
and Social Services, Corrections, Transportation and Public Facilities, 

ethnic groups, youth and local government. AK 

- ** The Repeat Offender Task Force should evolve into an Impaired Driving 

Task Force and be charged with oversight of the repeat offender 

recommendations and any new initiatives that come from the Impaired Driving 

Plan, the Wisconsin Impaired Driving Assessment, or the Task Force itself. 

WI93 

- ** Continue the Governor's Statewide DUI Task Force. GA 

- ** Implement the Governor's Task Force on Impaired Driving as proposed by 

the GHSO and the OSHP. OH 

- The State Impaired Driving Task Force should be reactivated with new 

appointees and be charged with reviewing and considering the implementation 

of the recommendations contained in the North Dakota Impaired Driving 

Assessment for 2001. ND 

- Office of Traffic Safety should continue its involvement with the Minnesota 

DWI Task Force and the DPS DWI/Impaired Driving Discussion Network 

committees. 

MN95 

- Continue Office of Traffic Safety involvement with the Minnesota DWI Task 

Force. MN03 

- The Governor's Task Force on Impaired Driving should identify problems, set 

policy and direct the resources of those involved toward reducing the 

impaired-driving problems in Alaska. AK

8. ALCOHOL FORUMS 

- ** Give the Alcohol Issues Forum the responsibility for developing a 

coordinating council. MI 

- The DLTSD should consider conducting a Traffic Safety Summit/Alcohol Forum. 

The forum is designed to discuss the current status of activities, problems, 

and potential solutions to reduce the incidence of impaired driving in the 

state, and to improve the understanding of the public and policymakers around 

complex issues that affect impaired-driving behavior. The forum has been used 

successfully in several other jurisdictions. ND 

- Use the Alcohol Forum as an opportunity to select several assessment 

recommendations deemed a priority to the council and establish workgroups 

from a variety of existing and new disciplines to initiate discussions 

towards fruition. IN01 

9. BAC TESTING 

- ** Enact qualifying 0.08 BAC legislation to comply with Federal regulations 

in order to obtain Federal funding. CT00 

- State should consider adopting a requirement that all drivers (both 

deceased and surviving) involved in a fatal crash submit to a test for 

alcohol and other drugs. Without these data, the likelihood is that the 

actual alcohol involvement in fatal crashes is under-reported. This is 

essential to have accurate data to measure countermeasure effectiveness. 

 ND 

C-7
- The GHSO should establish a staff position as a coroner's liaison to work 

directly with the coroners to increase the testing of fatally injured drivers 

and the reporting of test results to the Bureau of Motor Vehicles. OH 

10. FUNDING RESOURCES/ALLOCATION 

- ** Require a surcharge on DWI fines or license reinstatement targeting 

enforcement for DWIs. MO 

- The West Virginia Department of Military Affairs and Public Safety 

management should review the dual program effort within the department that 

focuses money on DUI programs and issues. WV93 

- The newly restructured Governor's Commission on Traffic Safety should be 

provided with a budget and resources to support its activities. NM91 

- Field test and evaluate the Request-for-Proposal process for project 

selection to assure assistance to small counties. WI 

- The Governor's Rep and the GHSP should increase efforts to communicate and 

coordinate funding initiatives with other State agencies (e.g., the 

Department of Health, CDDP, the Insurance Commission, and the Alcohol 

Beverage Control Commission. WV

11. GRANTS 

- ** Integrate DUI enforcement into Police Traffic Safety grants. CT93 

- ** Realign OHS staff assignments to provide a single point of grant program 

planning and management responsibility for the impaired-driving program. RI 

** Explore the feasibility of using grant funds to complete as much of the 

coordination work as possible in order to free up the current GHSP staff for 

other tasks. NC 

- Consider using task forces, focus groups and other partners to assist in 

identifying "system support" grants needed to improve the impaired planning 

process. NC 

- Use Web sites to solicit grant applications. Provide information, 

application procedures, and forms on the site. HI 

- Employ planning strategies that allow greater innovation, creativity, and 

flexibility in local grants. GA 

- Develop a grant project selection process that assures the only projects 

selected for funding: directly address the State's impaired-driving program 

priorities established through the problem ID process; include specific, 

measurable, performance-based grant objectives; provide for self-sufficiency; 

and have a reasonable chance of assisting the State in significantly reducing 

the percentage of alcohol-related traffic crashes, deaths, and injuries. RI 

12. EDUCATION/TRAINING 

- Education efforts are needed to inform legislators, public officials, 

business, law enforcement, advocates, and the public of the facts of Zero 

Tolerance, realistic levels on 0.08 BAC, Open Container laws, etc. CT00 

C-8
- Attend available NHTSA training opportunities and the Governor's Highway 

Safety Association's State highway safety executive management seminar to 

assure high skill levels for management, staff, and project managers. RI 

- HDOT management and staff should attend nationally conducted impaireddriving conferences and training workshops much more frequently. HI 

13. STAFFING

- ** Address the staff shortage and work with the NHTSA Regional Office to 

complete a "460" Management Review. IN01 

- Designate the Transportation Programs Division Director as the Governor's 

Representative for Highway Safety. NM 

- Retain the current position of Governor's Office of Highway Safety (GOHS) 

within the Georgia State government to maintain visible emphasis on DUI and 

other traffic safety issues. GA 

- Re-evaluate existing staffing to determine if it is sufficient to meet 

workload demands. NC 

- The MHSO should consider re-aligning staff duties based on the current 

program needs of the State. Impaired driving is one of the two largest 

program areas and should be assigned a full-time position to manage the 

funds, provide technical expertise, and oversee the impaired-driving elements 

of the CTSP area. MD 

- Expertise from the NHTSA Region office should be used, particularly at the 

onset of the annual planning process, due to current vacancies and recent 

hiring of other program staff. MD 

- Secure funding to hire the three full-time positions identified in the SMS 

plan. OK 

- Obtain law enforcement liaison resources through contractual services or an 

appropriate grantee to address the difficulty in directly hiring additional 

staff. RI 

- The Governor's Highway Safety Program should determine if its existing 

staffing level is appropriate as compared to its workload demands. NC95 

14. LEGISLATION ENACTMENT 

- ** Enact qualifying Open Container legislation to comply with Federal 

regulations in order to obtain Federal funding. CT00 

- ** Enact legislation to require 30-day hard suspension of driver license 

prior to issuance of work permit. CT00 

- ** Enact qualifying Repeat Offender legislation to comply with Federal 

regulations in order to obtain Federal funding. CT00 

- ** Enact legislation to require driver license suspension for a 12-month 

period upon receipt of a second per se offense. CT00 

- ** Enact 0.08 BAC legislation. MO 

C-9
- ** Recodify the laws governing DWI so that statutes are under the same 

chapter. MO 

- ** Enact Open Container legislation. MO 

- ** Enact beer keg registration legislation. MO 

- Enact possession by consumption legislation. MO 

- Enact legislation allowing all law enforcement to use PBTs as a screening 

tool. MO 

- Tighten plea bargain and Suspended Imposition of Sentence requirements. MO 

- Change nomenclature from Involuntary Manslaughter to Vehicular Homicide. MO 

- Connecticut should enact qualifying legislation to remove the exact time of 

incident for the ALR per se requirement. CT00 

15. DUI PAPERWORK REDUCTION 

- The Division of Highway Safety should bring together a group of partners to 

reduce paperwork for DUI arrests. CT00 

- The Division of Highway Safety should look into the potential of technology 

to reduce the paper flow. Encourage electronic data gathering and transfer 

between all stakeholders of crashes, citations, and DUIs. CT00 

16. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 

- ** Office of Traffic Safety and the other agencies on the Governor's Policy 

Council should closely monitor the processes used to develop the County 

Master Plans to ensure that project development and problem identification 

are genuine and supportable. The local planning bodies must be provided with 

the appropriate data and expertise to enable the counties to make supportable 

and effective decisions regarding resource allocations. CA 

- Establish a process for developing specific performance-based goals and 

program priorities for the impaired-driving program using the results of the 

problem identification analysis. RI 

- Transportation Safety Section should review its problem identification and 

grant selection process to ensure that projects are funded in areas that are 

identified as high problem areas. OR 

C-10
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 1B 

PROGRAM CONTROL 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. REQUIRE PERFORMANCE-BASED PROJECTS 

- The GHSO should continue to require performance-based projects. OH 

- Continue to require performance-based projects. TN 

- Continue to require performance-based projects with increased PI&E efforts 

beyond the overtime projects. CT00 

2. REDUCE DUPLICATION OF EFFORT 

- ** The Department of Finance and Administration and the Department of 

Health need to work with Traffic Safety Bureau to reduce and where possible 

eliminate duplication of program requirements of local Planning Councils and 

DWI Task Forces. NM95 

3. REVIEW/REVISE PROGRAM CONTROL PROCEDURES 

- Continue to examine the program control procedures to assure maximum 

effectiveness, efficiency in collecting program and financial information. NC 

- Transportation Safety Section should update its Policies and Procedures 

Manual to reflect current organizational and program status. OR 

4. REVIEW/UPDATE GRANT PROCEDURES 

- GOHS should continue to revise the grants manual as needed. GA 

- Update procedures for subgrantees to ensure adherence to contract 

requirements. MT 

5. PROGRESS REPORTS/MEETINGS 

- Develop a standard progress report format to be used by all grantees. RI 

- Require written progress reports to be submitted by all grantees not less 

frequently than quarterly and assure that all progress reports are submitted 

on a timely basis. RI 

- Establish a system to use the information obtained from the progress 

reports to assess the performance of all grantees and make future program 

planning and grant projects selection decisions. RI 

- Continue the quarterly program sessions. Scheduling considerations to help 

with long-distance travel has proven to be helpful for attendance and 

participation. MD 

6. ENSURE PROJECTS HAVE REALISTIC GOALS/OBJECTIVES 

- ** The new Data Analysis and Evaluation unit should play the role of 

internal program auditor, making sure each approved project has clear, 

measurable, and realistic goals and objectives. WI93 

C-11
- There should be realistic goals and objectives in each approved plan, which 

should be integrated into the larger Impaired Driving Plan. NM91 

7. AUDITING REQUIREMENTS 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should require that at the conclusion of each 

fiscal year an independent fiscal audit be conducted of each local DWI 

program. NM95 

- Traffic Safety Bureau and DFA should continue to place primary importance 

on the audits conducted in accordance with the Single Audit Act and not 

routinely duplicate audit efforts. NM 

8. DEVELOPING/CONTINUE PROGRAM MONITORING CAPABILITY 

- ** Obtain additional law enforcement liaison services to begin monitoring 

enforcement grantees and to generate local support for alcohol campaigns. RI 

- ** Update the project monitoring process. MT 

- ** Contract for project monitoring services if T&SB staff cannot accomplish 

the required monitoring tasks. MT 

- The Director of the Transportation Programs Division should insure that 

sufficient resources (in-house) or contracted) are available to provide an 

acceptable level of program monitoring. NM 

- Continue program monitoring efforts. VT 

- The GHSP should continue to implement effective monitoring procedures and 

reporting mechanisms so that potential problems can be identified early and 

mid-year corrections made to assure grant success. WV 

- Monitor the progress of the crash reporting system upgrade to assure that 

its completion will improve the problem identification, monitoring and 

evaluation components of the planning process. IL 

- Increase time allotted to the program specialist working with and 

monitoring the impaired-driving projects. TN 

- Expand review to identify more measures of success and effectiveness. VT 

- Continue Office of Traffic Safety aggressive monitoring and review process. 

MN03 

- Office of Traffic Safety should continue its aggressive monitoring and 

review process. MN95 

- Improve the Oklahoma HSO's monitoring and reporting systems. OK 

- Establish and implement an on-site grant monitoring procedure and 

monitoring schedule. RI 

- Provide grant monitoring training to all OHS program staff. RI 

- Assure that all grant monitoring activity is completed on a timely basis by 

OHS staff. RI 

C-12
- Review the grant monitoring reports submitted by OHS staff to ensure 

consistency and timely corrective action. RI 

- Office of Traffic Safety should continue to provide adequate monitoring of 

all grantees regardless of funding source. CA 

- Office of Traffic Safety should consider unique local circumstances of the 

County Master Plans when developing its monitoring requirements by 

coordinating monitoring data with other agencies involved. CA 

- The Highway Traffic Safety Division should monitor State traffic records to 

ensure that traffic record data is adequate. MT94 

- Establish a procedure to monitor every Section 410-funded project 

throughout the project period to ensure that funds are being expanded 

appropriately. MI 

- Continue monitoring efforts already undertaken and enhance them with 

improved project data. AZ 

- Office of Traffic Safety should continue to monitor its projects and should 

keep its procedures and contract manuals current. CO 

- Continue project monitoring system. AK 

- A formalized monitoring procedure should be developed and adopted for both 

the Traffic Safety Operations Office and the district staffs. TX 

- Continue to aggressively monitor and review approved grants for 

effectiveness. WI 

- All Traffic Safety Specialists and TSO staff should be trained in the 

procedures for project monitoring once a formal process is in place. TX 

9. DATA/INFORMATION DISSEMINATION/SHARING 

- ** Explore methods of effectively disseminating "Best Practices" 

information learned from grantees. WI 

- ** Explore methods of effectively disseminating "Best Practices" 

information learned from grantees. MN03 

- ** Establish in Oklahoma HSO a Data Sharing Coordinator position. OK 

- ** Explore and implement methods to effectively disseminate "Best 

Practices" information learned from grantees. NC 

- The TSP is encouraged to fully use available electronic communication with 

all traffic safety partners. With a small staff, the use of e-mail, Web 

sites, Web or video conferencing, etc. is essential in improving 

communications and sharing the most available data and information. ND 

- The TSP is encouraged to consider a periodic news bulletin that could be emailed to other division staff within the ND DOT. The bulletin would be short 

and contain "bullet-point" news regarding projects, activity, data, etc., 

related to TSP (i.e., impaired driving, safety belts, safe communities). 

Providing other agency personnel with more information expands the 

opportunity for detecting and responding to potential problems more quickly, 

while gaining potential new advocates and partners. ND 

C-13
- Expand the county-level profile to include all of the elements needed for 

local highway safety plans. This would allow the local coordinators to spend 

more time on project implementation and less on tracking down various 

databases and reports. MD 

- Explore methods of increasing awareness through PI&E. TN 

- The GHSP should provide data that are as current as possible to grantees so 

measurable grant objectives can be developed. WV 

- The GHSP should continue and expand, where possible, the amount of up-todate information and materials provided to grantees. For example, data and 

grant information could be readily available on a Web site. WV 

- Increase data reporting requirements from grantees. TN 

- Fill the Data Sharing Coordinator position. OK 

- Data should be packaged in a format that allows increased use by potential 

end users. WI93 

- The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should issue an annual report to 

interested parties and the media, detailing the success of certain highprofile projects. AK 

- Explore methods to increase public information and the use of media to 

publicize successful programs. CT00

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should ensure local and statewide data are 

provided in a timely manner so localities can conduct problem identification 

and provide technical assistance as plans are developed and implemented. NM91 

- The Governor's Highway Safety Program is encouraged to share its program 

manager handbook with the individual Governor Highway Safety representative. 

NC95 

- Expand the council's use of electronic communications with all partners. 

With a small staff, the use of e-mail, Web sites, video or teleconferencing 

is vital to assure continual communication and sharing of information and 

data. IN01 

- The GHSP should facilitate efforts to link crash, driver records, and other 

data relevant to motor vehicle injury prevention. WV93 

10. TRAINING/WORKSHOPS 

- ** Provide training for subgrantees on fiscal responsibility and 

performance accountability. MT 

- ** Provide cross-training of T&SB staff to ensure program stability and 

adherence to regulations. MT 

- Provide training on problem identification, analysis of data, and 

development of strategies at the local level. DE 

- The TSP staff should continue to be encouraged to take advantage of 

available training, workshops, and conference opportunities to maintain and 

enhance professional skills. ND 

C-14
- The GHSO should take advantage of available NHTSA program training 

opportunities and conferences to assure high skill levels for management, 

staff and project managers. OH 

- HDOT should take advantage of available NHTSA program training 

opportunities to increase the skill levels of more management and staff. HI 

- GHSO should take advantage of available training opportunities to assure 

high skill levels for management, staff, and project managers. TN 

- Conduct a project monitoring workshop CTSPs and provide the necessary forms 

to the CTSP Coordinators to ensure statewide consistency and oversight. MD 

- GOHS should continue to provide training for local project directors. GA 

- MDHS should take advantage of available training and conference 

opportunities to maintain high level of skills for management, staff, and 

project managers. MO 

- The Division of Highway Safety should take advantage of available NHTSA 

program training opportunities and conferences to assure high skill levels 

for management, staff and project managers. CT00 

- Continue to take advantage of available NHTSA and NAGHSR program training 

opportunities and conferences to assure high skill levels for management, 

staff, project managers and subgrantees. IN01

11. FUNDING 

- ** TSB and DFA should continue to provide funding on a reimbursement basis, 

rather than consider up-front funding. NM 

- ** More funding should be used for PI&E to support the overall traffic 

safety program for HDOT and for local projects. HI 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should use the Federal reporting requirements for 

all funds provided by the TSB to localities. NM91 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should require coordination of plans developed by 

localities and submitted to the TSB to receive monies from the enforcement 

fund, DWI arrest fund, and Federal funds. The plans should become part of the 

State's Impaired Driving Plan. NM91 

- Include project planning and grant writing information, an application 

checklist, and a grant application in the next printing of the Administrative 

Manual. WV93 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should provide funds up front once the Local DWI 

Task Force plans have been approved and discontinue the current reimbursement 

system. NM95 

12. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

- ** The new Data Analysis and Evaluation unit should play the role of 

internal program auditor making sure that each approved project has good 

problem identification. WI93 

- ** Provide local and statewide data so that impaired-driving problems can 

be identified at the local level. DE 

C-15
- ** Consider an annual or biennial statewide traffic safety public opinion 

survey that would include those critical problem identification issues. The 

survey results would assist by providing a means of measuring the North 

Dakota residents’ knowledge and attitudes related to the effect of the 

implemented strategies and support or lack of support for emerging public 

policy initiatives. ND 

- Expand the users of software packages to assist in conducting problem 

identification at the local level. TX 

- Conduct training programs to promote problem identification and the need 

for reliable crash and arrest data. TX 

- Establish a linked data system for evaluating the entire impaired driver 

system. CO 

- Increase data reporting elements from grantees, to include local problem 

identification, with technical assistance from the DHS. CT00 

C-16
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 1C 

STATE AND LOCAL TASK FORCES AND SAFE COMMUNITIES PROGRAMS 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. CREATE/DEVELOP/EXPAND LOCAL DUI TASK FORCES 

- ** Office of Traffic Safety should require the creation of local DUI Task 

Forces by enforcement agencies that receive LEAF enforcement grants. These 

Task Forces could aid in publicizing and supporting local DUI enforcement 

activities. They would provide constituent input to State legislators on 

local programs and on needed changes in State laws to help address local DUI 

problems. CO 

- ** Continue to encourage the development of local task forces or coalitions 

to address community impaired-driving issues. MN03 

- ** Continue expansion of the successful DUI: Taskforce Indiana concept. 

IN01 

- Complement local law enforcement task forces with a community task force 

representing the needs of the community. GA 

- Office of Traffic Safety should require all projects to create a local task 

force, representative of the traffic safety community, to serve as an 

Advisory Board to the local Project Director. MN95 

- MDHS should expand the number of community impaired-driving task forces. MO 

- GHSO should expand community impaired-driving task forces. TN 

- Encourage the development of additional local task forces to address 

community impaired-driving issues. WI 

2. CREATE/DEVELOP STATEWIDE DUI TASK FORCES 

- ** Reactivate the statewide DUI task force. MT 

- ** Establish a North Carolina DWI task force with comprehensive 

representation. NC 

- The Governor should create, through an Executive order, a Governor's Task 

Force on Impaired Driving that would consist of representatives from private 

industry, advocacy groups, prosecutors, Departments of Public Safety, Health 

and Social Services, Corrections, Transportation and Public Facilities, 

ethnic groups, youth and local government. AK 

- Ohio Department of Public Safety should establish the Governor's Task 

Force on Impaired Driving. OH 

3. EXPAND/MARKET SAFE COMMUNITIES PROGRAMS 

- ** Increase the number of CTSPs in the State and include disciplines other 

than law enforcement as lead agencies. GA 

- ** Continue expansion of the successful Safe Communities programs. IN01 

- Promote Safe Communities. OK 

- Continue to expand the Safe Communities programs. NC 

C-17
- MDHS should expand the number of "Safe Communities" programs. MO 

- The Governor's Highway Safety Program is encouraged to continue its 

expansion of CTSPs. NC95 

- Develop additional CTSPs as local task forces come on line. IL 

- Office of Traffic Safety should expand CTSP statewide. WI93 

- GHSO should expand "Safe Communities" programs. TN 

- Encourage the development of additional Safe Communities coalitions to 

address community impaired-driving issues. WI 

4. COORDINATE EFFORTS OF VARIOUS DUI TASK FORCES/SAFE COMMUNITIES GROUPS 

- ** Continue to coordinate the efforts of many impaired-driving task forces 

and consolidate efforts where appropriate. WI 

- ** Establish a Safe Community Coordinator position within the Oklahoma HSO. 

OK 

- ** The Highway Traffic Safety Division needs to create a mission statement 

for the task forces, develop statewide goals and objectives with them and 

then coordinate the various highway safety activities throughout the State to 

ensure that the priorities of the State are receiving appropriate attention 

and resources. MT94 

- ** There should be more coordination of the activities of the task forces 

throughout the State. The Governor’s DUI Task Force could be the vehicle for 

accomplishing this task. MT94 

- Traffic Safety Operations Office should develop an overall impaired-driving 

plan to ensure that Federal, State and local organizations coordinate 

impaired-driving activities. TX 

- Expand the role of the Governor's Executive Steering Committee on Drunk and 

Drugged Drivers to address a statewide coordinating responsibility and 

maximization of these invaluable citizen groups and interests. MD91 

- Coordinate county law enforcement agencies' activities with appropriate 

local communities or task forces. HI 

- Formalize interaction and coordination with other State agencies and local 

entities. MT 

- Work closely with the Governor's statewide DUI task force to implement the 

recommendations in interim and final reports. GA 

- Coordinate and integrate strategic planning and prevention initiatives 

developed under the State Incentive Cooperative Agreement (SICA) with 

existing impaired-driving and injury prevention efforts at the State and 

local level. DE 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should address ways to coordinate information 

sharing between CTSPs. NM91 

- By Executive order, the Governor should create an interagency DWI working 

group that would consist of representatives from all State agencies, 

C-18
divisions or sections involved in alcohol and DWI prevention programs. The 

group should be chaired by the Administrator of the Alaska Highway Safety 

Planning Agency, who is designated as the Governor's Representative for 

Highway Safety. The group would ensure a coordinated approach to planning, 

implementation and evaluation of impaired-driving activities. AK 

- Increase efforts to get State collaborative working groups to expand their 

focus to include enforcement. CT00

5. ENCOURAGE/PROMOTE PARTNER INVOLVEMENT/PARTICIPATION IN SAFE COMMUNITIES 

COALITIONS 

- ** Efforts should be made to encourage youth involvement and participation 

on safe communities coalitions. A strong youth emphasis should be developed 

to target young driver traffic safety issues within those communities. ND 

- ** Revitalize the DUI Prevention Task Force ensuring appropriate 

representation from all disciplines involved in improving State impaireddriving programs. DE 

- ** Market the Office of Highway Safety programs and strategies to stimulate 

active participation and to encourage and increase partnerships through 

training, workshops, and forums. DE 

- Bring together existing and potential partners and allow them to 

interact and educate each other about their responsibilities and activities 

related to impaired driving. DE 

- Engage members of the hospitality industry to become part of the solution. 

VT 

- The GHSP should develop partnerships with non-traditional groups such as 

County Extension Offices and the Farm Bureau. WV 

- Increase interaction with and participation by tribal communities in 

impaired-driving activities. MT 

- Re-establish partnerships or reactivate the women's groups that can promote 

and advocate impaired-driving countermeasure programs. MT 

- Work to increase involvement of local law enforcement in traffic safety. 

TN 

- Host a State traffic safety summit to encourage collaboration on State and 

local traffic safety issues, encourage enhanced partnerships at the State and 

local level, and educate the traffic safety community on current and emerging 

traffic safety issues including impaired driving. RI 

- Pull together a team to examine methods to increase involvement of local 

law enforcement in traffic safety. MO 

- Request that the Rhode Island DOT be invited to join the Children's 

Cabinet. RI 

- Encourage the local traffic safety committees to communicate with Oregon 

Student Safety On the Move groups and other groups operating at the local 

level. OR 

C-19
- Solicit the support of the Traffic Safety Coalition in developing and 

implementing the program goals and objectives of the impaired-driving 

program. RI 

- Traffic Safety Operations Office should expand its relationship with the 

Texas Agricultural Extension Service both at the State and local level. TX 

6. STATE SUPPORT/ASSISTANCE TO COMMUNITY PROGRAMS/TASK FORCES 

- ** Provide technical support to the statewide and local DWI Task Forces. 

MN03 

- ** The GHSP should develop a mini-grant system to provide assistance in 

meeting the needs of the less populated areas of the State. WV 

- ** Initiate statewide impaired-driving emphasis events outside of the 3-D 

Month program to encompass a year-round focus. Dedicate CTSP funds for 

impaired driving to be used to provide local participation in a statewide 

initiative. Themes could include "You Drink & Drive. You Lose." and "Zero 

Tolerance Means Zero Chances" campaigns provided by NHTSA. MD 

- Attention and resources should be provided to ensure that data and 

expertise are made available to the local planning bodies so proper decisions 

are made in the allocation of resources at the county level. CA 

- Contract to obtain additional personnel services to encourage and assist 

communities in developing local traffic safety coordinating committees. AK 

- Establish a statewide, high level, impaired-driving advisory committee to 

provide advice and support for policy decisions. WI 

- The GHSP should provide "mini-grants" as a means of helping communities 

deal with the DUI problem in their area. WV93 

- The Governor's Task Force on Impaired Driving should identify problems, set 

policy and direct the resources of those involved toward reducing the 

impaired-driving problem in Alaska. AK 

- Using the problem ID method, the TSP should establish a priority listing of 

those communities with the most serious alcohol-related crash problem and the 

lowest occupant restraint use. Those communities should be given priority 

ranking in establishing new safe communities programs. ND 

- The GHSO should continue through the local grant process, to foster the 

establishment of local DUI task forces throughout the State, particularly in 

the major metropolitan areas. OH 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should continue to support the activities of the 

DWI Interagency Policy and Work Groups as well as the six Highway-Districtoriented task forces. NM 

- The TSP is encouraged to continue to provide support necessary to the 

existing eleven established safe communities programs. The support should 

continue until or when these communities can establish funding selfsufficiency. ND 

- The GHSP should continue to provide funding and leadership to the Safe 

Communities and assist them in obtaining needed materials and data. WV 

C-20
- Consider technical support and/or funding to assist MADD with its "Youth In 

Action" program. HI 

- The GHSP should enhance the efforts and foster the development of citizen 

groups, such as MADD, SADD, NETS, and the medical community. WV 

- The GHSO should request that each local Safe Communities program receiving 

grant funding has an impaired-driving countermeasure component as part of the 

overall program. OH 

- DMV should fully staff, with full-time positions, all district CTSPs. VA 

- Office of Traffic Safety should continue to provide grant preparation 

assistance to its grantees and should encourage other members of GPC to do 

the same, especially for rural counties. CA 

- Provide continued support to the 11 CTSPs currently established. OK 

- Continue to support the activities of Operation Impact and Operation 

Gateway. MO 

- The GHSP should explore potential needs in some of the State's less 

populated communities. WV93 

- Office of Traffic Safety, as the agency responsible for overall traffic 

safety efforts in the State, should expand programs such as the "Drive Smart" 

into other cities. CO 

- Expand the mini-grant concept for the CTSPs. MI 

- Where possible, provide some level of technical support to local task 

forces or Safe Communities coalitions. WI 

7. DEVELOP PERFORMANCE MEASURES 

- GHSO should assist grantees in setting performance measures. TN 

- Review and establish performance measures for the Governor's Impaired 

Driving Task Force. HI 

- MDHS should assist grantees in setting performance measures. MO 

8. ALCOHOL FORUMS 

- ** Convene an Alcohol Forum to address legislative issues, as well as other 

youth issues, alcohol and other drugs (e.g., heroin) that can impact highway 

safety, leveraging of resources, and building a community-wide, cross-systems 

approach to reduce impaired driving. VT 

- Work with NHTSA to host an Alcohol Forum which focuses on the State's major 

impaired-driving issues. This could be the basis for starting a statewide DWI 

task force. NC 

9. PUBLICITY 

- ** Require CTSPs to perform impaired-driving activities at the community 

level in order to emphasize and publicize impaired-driving goals and 

activities. Provide funding as necessary for CTSPs to perform these 

activities. DE 

C-21
- ** The GHSP should publish a newsletter at least twice a year to keep all 

agencies and organizations informed on DUI issues. WV 

- ** Publicize Traffic Safety O.N.E. to encourage other communities to act 

before tragedy strikes. VT 

- Publicize successful projects and share best practices via newsletters, 

partnership meetings, and other forums. DE 

- Publicize successful task force and Safe Communities programs and 

replicate successful efforts in other areas of the State. TN 

- Publicize local ordinances that promote traffic safety, such as those 

dealing with open containers. MT 

- Establish programs to involve the media in the education and development of 

impaired-driving programs. MT 

- Establish a central clearinghouse for T&SB information and materials that 

can be accessed by partners, community organizations, and the public. MT 

- Provide a list of resources (presenters or materials) that can be accessed 

by student organizations or other partners involved in promoting traffic 

safety. MT 

- Publicize the successful projects of local coalitions or CTSPs through 

regular newsletters, statewide program sessions, Web sites, and at any 

statewide prevention or public safety conferences. MD 

- Publicize successful task force and Safe Communities programs and replicate 

successful efforts in other areas of the State. MO 

- Share the success of the CTSP program through a statewide TSC/CTSP Alert 

that focuses on ideas, successes, and "Best Practices." MI 

- Enhance Web site information and links to local, State, and National sites, 

i.e., MADD, Connecticut Clearinghouse, NHTSA, etc. CT00 

- Explore methods to publicize successful task force and CTSPs and to spread 

their successful efforts to others areas of the State. CT00 

- The Connecticut Clearinghouse's services should be widely publicized in 

order to maximize use of their resources. CT93 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should continue to produce its Traffic Safety 

News Letter and incorporate a highlighted section on local program 

accomplishments. NM95 

10. TRAINING/WORKSHOPS/WORKGROUPS 

- ** Department of Highway Safety should sponsor an annual highway safety 

conference to provide an opportunity for State and local highway safety and 

health participants to interact and exchange information and programs. CT93 

- ** Conduct workshops or forums to market impaired-driving programs and 

encourage the exchange of information between community-based programs. MT 

- ** Expand training for new Safe Communities projects and maintain support 

of developing teams. HI 

C-22
- ** The GHSP should host an annual statewide traffic safety educational 

conference that would include emphasis on DUI to maintain the focus and 

support for programs. WV 

- Provide opportunities for specialized training to task force and Safe 

Communities. These could include Lifesaver conferences, advocacy training, 

instructor development, and Safe Communities training. TN 

- Provide training for law enforcement, prosecutors, courts, media, and 

decision makers on the effects of alcohol and other drugs. TN 

- As funding permits, provide opportunities for eligible safe communities 

team members to attend conferences (i.e., Lifesavers) and other advocacy 

training. ND 

- Conduct workshops to encourage teachers to focus on and add emphasis to 

impaired-driving issues within the traffic and driver's education curriculum. 

MT 

- Develop a DUI workgroup that meets regularly to identify problems and 

discusses programs or methods of sharing resources, changing laws, or 

improving programs or processes. MT 

- Provide regional workshops that include representatives from law 

enforcement, prosecution, and adjudication in order to create a better 

understanding of problems tracking the impaired driver through the system and 

suggest improvements. Be sensitive to the need to instill a sense of 

partnership in the representatives from these diverse communities in all 

deliberations. MD 

- The county traffic safety councils should be reviewed for possible "Safe 

Communities" training or alternative action to make these groups effective. 

HI 

- Continue to offer training and educational options for Taskforce and Safe 

Communities leaders. IN01 

- Provide opportunities for specialized training to task force and CTSPs. 

These could include Lifesavers conferences, advocacy training, instructor 

development, and Safe Community training. CT00 

- Provide training on the effects of alcohol and/or drugs to law enforcement, 

prosecutors, courts, media, and decision makers, including NHTSA's training 

course "Drugs That Impair." CT00 

- Explore training for law enforcement and alcohol outlets in "Cops in Shops" 

and compliance checks. CT00 

- Provide MADD's Death Notification Training to law enforcement. CT00 

- Provide opportunities for specialized training to task forces and Safe 

Communities. These could include Life Saver conferences, advocacy training, 

instructor development, and Safe Communities training. MO 

- Provide training for law enforcement, prosecutors, courts, media, and 

decision makers on the effects of alcohol and/or drugs. MO 

C-23
11. PROGRAM EVALUATION/REVIEW/FEEDBACK 

- ** TX should review the October 1982 Governor's Task Force Report to assess 

the status of its recommendations and determine the need for change. TX 

- The Field Operations Manager should be given the responsibility to 

facilitate the use of the Community Traffic Safety Assessment Survey. WI93 

- OTS should take the results of these surveys into account when developing 

strategies for expansion of CTSPs. WI93 

- Strengthen overall data analysis and establish a permanent DUI advisory 

group that will review and analyze the data to determine the effectiveness of 

the programs efforts. AZ 

- The Governor's DUI System Evaluation Task Force should be continued but 

should conduct public meetings on the DUI problem and solicit the public's 

view concerning solutions. CO 

- The GHSP should coordinate CTSPs and other local highway safety data 

gathering efforts, especially if equipment and time is purchased with Federal 

Section 402 funds. WV93 

- The community/corporate standing committee (within the Governor's 

Commission on Traffic Safety) should take the outcomes of the motor vehicle 

crash prevention retreat into account when developing strategies for 

expansion of CTSPs. NM91 

- Provide feedback to project directors about how they are contributing to 

goals, whether goals are met, and how they can coordinate their activities 

with State and other highway safety partners. DE 

- Request a status of the Criminal Justice Committee's Task Force Report 

recommendations. OK 

- Transportation Safety Section should continue the use of mini-grants while 

ensuring that projects funded through these grants continue to be effective. 

OR 

- Traffic Safety Operations Office should use the Bexar County DWI Task Force 

as an impaired-driving model for those communities planning to implement such 

task forces. TX 

C-24
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 1D 

DATA AND RECORDS 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. ESTABLISH/DEVELOP DWI RECORDS/TRACKING SYSTEMS 

- ** Continue emphasis on the adoption of a method to effectively track 

citations and their dispositions. CT00 

- ** Create a multi-agency task force to examine the possibility of having a 

central Impaired Driver Offender Tracking System. MI 

- ** Arizona should develop and implement a comprehensive Statewide Citation 

Tracking/Management Information System that would provide vital information 

for State's impaired-driving programs. AZ 

- ** Develop a DUI tracking system for all alcohol offenses from the time of 

the incident (crash/arrest) until the conclusion of each case, including 

treatment information. CO 

- ** Develop a statewide, standardized, integrated, comprehensive highway 

safety MIS. This could include currently available information from the DMV, 

Motor Vehicle Hearing Section, the courts, EMS, the Department of 

Transportation, Alcohol and Drug Division, and other pertinent highway safety 

files. CO 

- ** Improve the tracking of DWI cases and paperwork now to eliminate the 

problem of "lost cases". MN03 

- ** Design and implement an Offender Based Tracking System, using the ACIS 

as the backbone and ensure linkage (via the driver license number) with other 

data sources (particularly the FTA blood test data and the DMV driver history 

data) to form a virtual system containing the entire range of data needed to 

record information about DWI offenders and their progress throughout the 

enforcement, judicial, licensing, and treatment systems. NC 

- ** Utilizing the STRCC, investigate the possible establishment of a 

statewide DUI tracking system. Such a system should include a unique and 

sequential identifier on each DUI report/citation. ND 

- ** Develop a DWI Citation Tracking System that can follow the progress of a 

DWI case from initial arrest to its final disposition. NM 

- ** Establish a uniform citation tracking management information system. GA 

- ** Develop an electronic DUI records information system that incorporates 

the following: electronic citations and BMV Form 2255; a statewide citation 

tracking system; immediate online access to LEADS by law enforcement officers 

in the field, courts, and prosecutors; electronic transmission of information 

among the law enforcement agencies, the courts, and the BMV; and, the 

creation of a statistical data warehouse. OH 

- ** CA should implement the comprehensive DUI MIS now being developed by DMV 

and other agencies. CA 

- Develop and implement a Citation Tracking System that: creates individual 

record for each citation form at time of its distribution to a police agency 

C-25
by recording the citation number and the police agency; is capable of 

updating the record upon receipt of arrest forms from the arresting officer, 

the final disposition from the courts and other relevant data, such as 

alcohol test results, sanctions, and penalties, etc.; and, places the 

responsibility for maintenance of this system in the DMV. WV 

- Support law enforcement agencies efforts to implement electronic citation 

systems, including DUI citations. OH 

- Develop a uniform citation tracking system. IL 

- Develop a citation tracking and management information system for all State 

and municipal traffic violation arrests and dispositions. CO 

- Implement a citation tracking system to track arrests, especially DUI 

arrests, from the time of arrest to final disposition of the case. VT 

- Explore the feasibility of implementing a capability to quantify DWI 

arrests statewide, to record their associated BAC levels, to determine the 

status of the arrests filed, to determine the extent of plea bargaining by 

comparing the original offense with the conviction, and to provide a better 

means to monitor delayed and unreported convictions. Options suggested for 

consideration: Design and implement a Citation Tracking System with 

capability to track a citation from its original distribution to a police 

officer, to its issuance to a traffic offender, to the court of jurisdiction, 

to its final disposition; Establish a Missouri Local Traffic Information 

Systems capability at the Missouri State Highway Patrol to process for each 

DWI arrest - the Alcohol Influence Report, the UCS, and the Record of 

Conviction; or, Revise the current Alcohol and Drug Offense Records System to 

initiate a record upon receipt of the ALR and UCS, and add an identifier to 

match with the Record of Conviction when received from the Court. MO 

2. DEVELOP/IMPROVE/EXPAND DATA LINKAGES 

- ** Continue emphasis on reducing the error rate in matching the motor 

vehicle law violation and disposition data from the courts to the DMV driver 

history record. CT00 

- ** Connecticut should link its various record systems including DOT, DMV, 

court, and treatment record systems. CT93 

- ** Continue to explore development of a mechanism to allow electronic or 

automated transfer of crash reports from local law enforcement to the State 

crash file, circumventing inefficient duplicate data entry. IN01 

- ** Pursue and use accident records information provided and entered by 

local and Indian Nations' agencies. This would require developing appropriate 

protocols and data linkages with MVD. AZ 

- ** Continue the planned implementation of electronic transmission of 

citations to the courts and the transmission of dispositions from the courts 

to DMV. VT 

- ** Assign high priority for implementation of the Justice Link Project. RI 

- ** Develop a methodology to periodically download data from the Datamaster 

breath-testing devices into a centralized database to be available for 

analysis. VT 

C-26
- ** Redesign the present CTP system to accept data from other screening 

instruments or assessments used in lieu of screening in order to become a 

statewide, comprehensive Offender Based Tracking System (OBTS). Include a 

capability to submit reports to the courts and to the MVD. NM 

- Encourage those courts not now reporting dispositions to the DELJIS, 

particularly Family and Superior Courts, to use existing DELJIS 

technology. DE 

- In addition to crash report data, a comprehensive traffic safety MIS should 

ultimately include data elements described above, along with information from 

the Department of Justice Bureau of Forensic Services, EMS, Department of 

Alcohol and Drug Programs and other agencies. Participant information from 

the Drinking Driver Programs should also be included in the system. CA 

- Develop linkages to correlate data among the CTF file at MVD, the proposed 

OBTS, the AOC database, and the Crash File. NM 

- Design linkages between the driver and vehicle files with other 

components of the traffic records system, such as the crash and EMS files, 

similar to the linkages that exist with the DUI Tracking System and the 

DELJIS system. Place special emphasis on linkages between the DMV driver file 

and the crash file in preparation of the move to automated field crash data 

entry and automated citation issuance to improve the quality of the data 

required for management and evaluation of impaired-driving programs. DE 

- Continue to implement plans to achieve full electronic reporting of records 

between the courts and the Administrative Office of the Courts, and between 

the courts and MVD. NM 

- Link crash information with driver history records. GA 

- Continue technological improvements to key data files, such as the recently 

implemented on-line crash data entry in order to improve file linkages for 

crash, driver, and vehicle files. ND 

- Redesign the present Administrative Office of the Courts data repository to 

meet the requirements of the DWI Citation Tracking System and develop 

procedures to electronically receive copies of all DWI citations filed in all 

courts with DWI jurisdiction, and to electronically receive the disposition 

of these cases. NM 

- The courts and the BMV should establish a mechanism to obtain treatmentrelated information on DUI offenders and completion of court sanctions. OH 

- Continue working with local communities to expand and link their data 

collection capabilities and their capacity to use the data for enhanced 

problem identification. WV93 

- Continue emphasis on linking various highway safety data files. CT00 

- Continue to expand efforts by EMS to link data sets. WV93 

- GHSP should have direct access to crash data collected by DOH. WV93 

- The computer systems of all agencies need to be linked so that courts and 

other users have on-line access to all data. MT94 

C-27
- The research/evaluation standing committee (within the Governor's 

Commission on Traffic Safety) should develop a plan to address data linkage 

to provide comprehensive, timely, and accurate DWI data among contributing 

agencies. NM91 

- Develop and employ linkages between and among the ALISS, Alcohol Data 

Acquisition and Management, and MVD driver files to ensure that existing data 

can be efficiently used to secure required management information and to 

avoid duplication and costly data entry and processing. AZ 

- Develop a single unique personal identifier which can be used to insure 

proper identification and to link information between and among local and 

State agency files. CO 

- Department of Public Safety should identify a minimum data set that will 

allow linking of data systems within DPS as well as other agencies such as 

the courts, prosecutors, TX DOT, TDH, and local law enforcement agencies. TX 

- Upgrade the DMV driver records system to provide a capability for accepting 

electronic record transmissions and to provide more summary reporting 

capability. VT 

- Design a process to enter BAC results for drivers arrested in connection 

with a crash either by (1) extracting the records from the CTF file and 

matching with the crash file or (2) implementing a supplemental reporting 

process for officers to submit BAC results to the crash data section. NM 

- Revise the CAS to capture additional data variables from the court supplied 

tapes which will allow the State to (1) track offenders from arrest to final 

disposition, (2) link with data in the driver history records and the crash 

file (MAARS), and (3) generally provide the State with information on its 

statewide impaired-driving enforcement and adjudication activity. MD 

- Working through the STRCC, explore the feasibility of implementing a 

latitude/longitude-based roadway location system that would allow uniform 

crash location. ND 

- Continue to develop a central Web-based system to collect the data for the 

OBTS and place the Web server at the Office of Epidemiology to become the 

manager of the newly formed OBTS. NM 

- DOJ should continue to pursue its plans to correct reporting problems with 

the CIB component of the system, in part by linking to Wisconsin DOT 

conviction records for comparison purposes, then conducting routine exception 

analysis. WI93 

- The Governor's Highway Safety Program is encouraged to complete the 

research into the linking of the current data systems. NC95 

- A pilot project should be developed with the Metropolitan Court and the MVD 

to test interagency electronic data linkages to transmit completed court 

dispositions to the MVD. NM91 

3. ENHANCE/IMPROVE DATA ACCESSIBILITY FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT, COURTS, STATE AND 

COMMUNITY HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM PLANNERS 

- ** Continue to investigate the possibility of Web-based access to State 

crash data for local law enforcement, traffic engineers and other users with 

appropriate protocols and safeguards. IN01 

C-28
- ** Move forward on introduction of new technology such as photo imaging. 

NM95 

- ** Develop methods to allow easier access to the DSP crash data and/or 

train authorized users, especially the Office of Highway Safety staff, in the 

query language now required for access. DE 

- ** Enhance access to and use of the State crash file by local law 

enforcement, traffic engineering, and safety groups via a Web-based or CD-ROM 

application. ND 

- ** Expand the availability of DELJIS to the OHS staff and provide training 

in the use of DELJIS's access language. DE 

- ** Representatives from the Traffic Records Task Force/Committee and 

perhaps other appropriate agencies and organizations should immediately begin 

addressing the forms and processing concerns expressed by law enforcement 

agencies. AZ 

- Support and expand training for law enforcement officers and prosecutors 

regarding the DWI laws, enhanced charges, sanctions, and the requirements of 

the driver control processes managed by the DPS/DVS Driver Education section. 

MN03 

- Develop and employ user-friendly programs and systems to quickly and easily 

provide operational, planning and evaluation information to appropriate 

State, local and Indian Nations' agencies and organizations and citizen 

activist groups. AZ 

- Continue to examine new technology for improving ease of collection and 

dissemination of traffic records. HI 

- Expand access to both TRASER and HARM to all Traffic Law Enforcement 

agencies. OK 

- Develop a long-range traffic safety information system plan to implement 

new technology and total system integration considering the needs of users at 

all levels. OR 

- DMV is encouraged to maintain the driver history file to assure research 

and other governmental data needs are met. NC95 

4. FATALITY ANALYSIS REPORTING SYSTEM (FARS) DATA 

- ** Provide the FARS unit with copies of the results of BAC tests given to 

surviving drivers of fatal crashes arrested for impaired driving. MD 

- The DMV needs to strongly encourage compliance from those jurisdictions 

that chronically do not forward copies of the fatal crash reports to the FARS 

unit. WV 

- Study feasibility of relocating FARS function to the State Highway 

Administration as described in State's Traffic Records System Strategic Plan. 

MD 

C-29
5. CRASH/BAC DATA REPORTING 

- ** Officers should be assured of support when they indicate a driver 

involved in a crash had been drinking but no arrest was made. This 

information needs to be included on the crash report and the report form 

needs revision to accommodate this input. CT00 

- ** Revise the crash report form to provide a better means to quantify the 

State's alcohol-related crash problem. MO 

- ** Continue the progression to a fully electronic crash data collection and 

reporting system by placing computers in all police vehicles to eliminate the 

reliance on local data entry from hard copy forms. RI 

- ** Require the submission of supplemental crash reports. IL 

- Adopt a standardized reporting threshold for crash reporting as described 

in the State's Traffic Records System Strategic Plan. MD 

- Continue the implementation of the traffic records strategic plan, 

including an electronic crash reporting and statistical system. OH 

- Create a statewide repository for BAC and drug testing information, either 

through the BMV driver license files or at the Bureau of Alcohol and Drug 

Testing. OH 

- Continue implementing planned electronic crash reporting system. VT 

- Develop a procedure to routinely obtain BAC results for those drivers 

arrested for DWI in connection with a crash for entry in the crash file. NC 

- Revise the crash file data entry process to provide data for entering the 

following data variables when applicable: Citation Number and/or Citation 

Charge; Sobriety Test Given; Type of Test Given; Test Results. WV 

- Revise the Commonwealth's crash report form to incorporate commercial 

vehicle data elements currently being collected on a supplemental form, and 

to capture nationally recommended CADRE information. VA 

- Automate EMS run reports. WV 

- Improve crash data collection with training for law enforcement. HI 

- The MIS should include a uniform crash report used by all police agencies 

and data should be centralized in a single State database. A unique case ID 

should be used for all crash reports in order to provide direct linkage to 

ticket and driver license files. The crash report should include a data 

element for recording a unique ticket case number when a citation is issued. 

CA 

- Revise the current crash form to include a notation for the issuance of a 

DUI citation. RI 

- Revise the current crash form to bring it into conformance with Model 

Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria. RI 

- Encourage and educate law enforcement to record any observation of 

impairment on the crash form. RI 

C-30
- Expedite the implementation of the Tracs system for crash reporting to the 

extent possible. WI 

- Include a field on the new electronic crash report format to record the 

Uniform Traffic Citation Number. WI 

- Include a field on the new electronic citation report format to record 

location data. WI 

- Design and implement a procedure for updating the crash file with BAC data 

on crash involved drivers arrested for OWI. WI 

- Revise the software algorithm for counting alcohol-related crashes to 

include checking for the issuance of OWI citations. WI 

- Examine ways to improve the non-fatal crash data by creating additional 

edit checks for this file. MI 

- Address the issue of the importance of including "property damage only" 

crashes on local roads in future upgrades of the crash reporting system. CT00 

- Continue emphasis on the development and implementation of an automated 

crash reporting system, Phase I of an officer information management system. 

CT00 

- Emphasize the importance of a possible Phase II of the officer information 

management system to include an automated citation reporting system. CT00 

- Continue emphasis on efforts to eliminate the backlog of crash reports to 

be processed. CT00

6. BAC TESTING REQUIREMENTS 

- The State should mandate blood testing of drivers involved in fatal/serious 

injury crashes. MI 

- Increase the rate of testing for alcohol in fatal crashes, including 

permitting paramedics to withdraw a blood sample at the scene of a crash. WV 

- Increase the BAC testing of all drivers involved in fatal and serious 

personal injury crashes. OH 

- Consider requiring an alcohol test for all drivers in injury crashes when 

any person involved with the crash requires medical treatment. HI 

7. DATA/INFORMATION SHARING 

- ** Assign a high priority to the establishment of the planned Driver, 

Vehicle, Accident, Medical research database at Morgan State University as 

described in the State's Traffic Research System Strategic Plan. Develop a 

data dictionary for distribution to the user community containing information 

on the types of information available and the procedures for requesting 

information from the clearinghouse. MD 

- Continue to examine new technology for improving the collection and 

dissemination of data. TN 

C-31
- Work with the BMV, the court system, and other stakeholders to develop an 

annual statistical report of DUI-related citation, license suspension, and 

conviction information. OH 

- Information combining DUI crash, arrest, conviction/disposition, and other 

highway safety statistical and trend information for State and local problem 

identification, planning and evaluation activities should be produced and 

shared between and among State agencies, local safety officials, and highway 

safety activists. CO 

- Establish a working group of Administrative Office of the Courts, law 

enforcement, the GHSP, and HSRC staff to develop a protocol for obtaining 

data from the Administrative Office of the Courts. NC 

- Seek increased data sharing between tribal governments and the State. ND 

- OTS's Traffic Records Committee should be made operational and given the 

immediate charge to launch or expand multiple initiatives with sister 

agencies, communities, and universities -- this will vastly expand access and 

analytical use of this data. WI93

- CT should produce and share with local safety officials and activists 

community profiles, combining DUI crash, arrest, conviction, and trend 

information for use in communicating, evaluating, and improving local DUI 

prevention activity. CT93 

8. DATA ANALYSIS/EVALUATION 

- ** Use available data such as police crash reports, DUI arrests, emergency 

medical services, and hospital trauma registries to document alcohol/drug 

problems and related costs. University research services may be available to 

accomplish this recommendation. GA 

- ** Have an outside source (e.g., a university) compile and analyze highway 

safety-related data to assist in DUI systems analyses and the development of 

the State's Highway Safety Plan. CT93 

- Conduct a study on the frequency of completion of the variables used to 

compute alcohol-related fatal crashes and institute appropriate measures for 

improvements as necessary. MD 

- Conduct comprehensive analyses of traffic crash injury data, especially the 

most severe (injury level A) and moderate (level B), to ascertain whether 

alcohol/drug traffic crash injury data are under-reported. GA 

- Develop and adopt a uniform definition for an "alcohol-related crash" that 

will provide a more meaningful and consistent measure of these crashes. NC 

- Use nighttime fatal and injury data for proxy measures of alcohol/drug 

involvement as additional measures of problem identification. GA 

- Obtain the services of a data analyst for Office of Highway Safety, either 

through direct hire or by contract. This individual should become the primary 

user of the analytical software package to be installed and also serve as the 

chair of the Traffic Records Committee. RI 

- Traffic Safety Operations Office should continue to provide crash data to 

localities for the purpose of conducting problem identification. TX 

C-32
- DMV should develop analytical statistical summaries from the Driver File to 

identify problems relating to DWI drivers to assist other public safety 

agencies increase their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of DWI. AK 

- Continue examining new technology for traffic records. MI 

- Rearrange priorities in the next Highway Safety Plan to address the 

deficiencies in the State data collection system. WV93 

- A Traffic Records audit should be conducted on the various systems 

currently in place. NM95 

- Review the formula used to derive the final index to ensure that it is an 

appropriate algorithm for ranking local jurisdictions. Users should have 

sufficient knowledge to explain the index. GA 

9. DATA/RECORDS MANAGEMENT/PLANNING/COORDINATION RECOMMENDATIONS 

- ** Communicate frequently with all partners and stakeholders to inform them 

of all the activities in progress and the intended benefits to them. WI 

- ** Assign a high priority to the "Model System" project and insure that the 

many other projects planned and ongoing are coordinated with the plans for 

this effort. WI 

- ** Plan now for ongoing IMDLIS development well beyond the current project 

timeline. The vehicle registration and title systems should be similarly 

upgraded. MN03 

- ** Charge a multi-agency stakeholder group to develop a strategic plan to 

study efforts already underway, by FHWA, AASHTO, and others, which may be 

applicable to similar long-range efforts underway in Montana. MT 

- ** Establish a multi-agency Traffic Records Coordinating Committee with 

collectors, custodians, and users of the data to facilitate long range 

planning. HI 

- ** Office of Traffic Safety should establish a DWI Tracking System Advisory 

Committee representative of all users, including State and local law 

enforcement. MN95 

- ** Mandate that any changes to the current or future traffic records 

systems must have the review and approval the Oklahoma Traffic Records 

Council. OK 

- ** Designate the Oklahoma HSO Representative to the Oklahoma Traffic 

Records Council as a permanent chair. OK 

- ** Reactivate the Traffic Records Committee and reconstitute the Committee 

with the inclusion of representatives from all highway safety stakeholders. 

RI 

- ** Implement the recommendations of the DWI Tracking System Project (Draft 

Report, July 1995). MN95 

- ** Initiate a cooperative effort between the GHSP management and 

Department of Health management to develop a plan for the following: 

publicize the availability of reports from the crash file with instructions 

for requesting them; publicize the types of reports available to highway 

C-33
safety users in the State (e.g., Safe Communities programs); and, procure 

assistance in developing the specifications for a PC and appropriate software 

for use by the GHSP in analyzing data to be obtained from the crash file, and 

secure an arrangement with DOH for providing data sets from the crash file to 

be used with such systems. WV 

- ** The DWI Process and Data Standards Committee should become a standing 

committee to oversee the integrity of DWI data. NM95 

- Assign responsibility to the Traffic Records Committee for the oversight 

and leadership in the crash and other records system improvement activities. 

RI 

- Designate DPS as the authorizing agency to be accountable for the 

production, distribution, and quality control of each citation throughout the 

State. OK 

- Create a stable funding source for IMDLIS and similar efforts through use 

of driver license fees or other dedicated funds. MN03 

- OTS's Traffic Records Committee should monitor the use of the new crash 

form and make adjustments. WI93 

- Establish a multi-agency Traffic Records Coordinating Committee with 

collectors, custodians, and users of the data to facilitate the following: 

long range planning; establish a DUI/DWI Tracking System; a uniform traffic 

citation; enhancements to the current data system; and, methods to 

demonstrate the value of data to local agencies. TN 

- Traffic Records Committee should work closely with the Highway Safety 

Strategies/Analysis Section, Division of Planning and Budget and OTS's Data 

Analysis and Evaluation unit to ensure that the data continues to maintain 

its quality and usability. WI93 

10. LEGISLATION 

- ** Enact legislation requiring law enforcement agencies to investigate and 

report all crashes that involve a fatality, an injury, or damage to a vehicle 

that requires towing from the scene. VT 

- ** Enact legislation mandating crash reporting with sanctions for noncompliance. GA 

- Propose legislation to mandate use of a standard alcohol-screening 

instrument by all courts with DWI jurisdiction. NM

11. TRAFFIC RECORDS ASSESSMENTS

- ** Colorado should request that a current NHTSA Traffic Records Assessment 

be conducted to ensure to that necessary linkages are available between and 

among the existing and planned highway safety files. CO

- ** Request a Traffic Records Assessment through NHTSA to clearly identify 

the system-wide problems and recommend strategies for solutions. OR 

- ** GOHS should create a permanent task force/committee to address all 

traffic records activities including the revision of forms, procedures, 

systems, and other relevant areas; and, the development of recommendations 

C-34
affecting any changes to the driver, vehicle, accident, citation/conviction, 

EMS, and roadway environment files. AZ 

- ** To restore confidence in the traffic records system, a working group 

including representatives of the management of all State agencies involved 

should be established as a subcommittee of the Governor’s DUI Task Force. 

MT94 

- Request a traffic records assessment to aid in the planning of future -

improvements and requirements, especially the necessary linkages to EMS and 

the Safety Management System. VA 

- Consider requesting a NHTSA Traffic Records Assessment for the State. HI 

- Continue implementation of the Traffic Records Assessment recommendations. 

IL 

- Office of Traffic Safety should request a Traffic Records Assessment to 

identify possible data linkage strategies. MN95 

- Implement all the recommendations in the Traffic Records Assessment. OK

- Wisconsin should take inventory of its traffic records systems by way of an 

assessment process. WI93

13. UNIFORM TRAFFIC CITATION 

- ** State should mandate a single uniform citation and criminal complaint 

form to be used by every law enforcement agency in the State and sent to DPS 

for record keeping. TX 

- Adopt the use of a uniform traffic citation by all law enforcement agencies 

as the first step in the development of a citation tracking system. ND 

- Develop and implement the Uniform Traffic Ticket. IL 

- Adopt a single uniform traffic ticket (UTT) to be used in Colorado for all 

State and municipal traffic violations. CO 

- The MIS plan should include the development of a uniform traffic ticket and 

a ticket disposition system. CA 

- Develop one uniform traffic citation. OK 

C-35
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 1E 

EVALUATION 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. REQUIRE/PERFORM EVALUATION OF IMPAIRED DRIVING ACTIVITIES 

- ** Significant components of the impaired-driving program should be 

evaluated for impact. CT93 

- ** Evaluation of education, enforcement, and prevention activities should 

be conducted so that future projects might be better targeted and more 

focused, thus increasing their likelihood of both success and future 

replication in other locations. CA 

- Require programs supported by GHSP to evaluate their efforts and to assess 

whether progress is being made in reducing crashes, injuries, and fatalities. 

VT 

- Require project pre- and post-evaluation from projects. TN 

- Require pre- and post-evaluation on all projects. MO 

- Encourage impact evaluations for local projects. GA 

- Require that all grant-funded projects include an administrative evaluation 

component, and if a multiple-year or large project, a research-based 

evaluation component. RI 

- Require pre- and post-evaluation of projects. CT00 

- Evaluate the impact of the State's impaired-driving program using similar 

strategies and services incorporated into the State's occupant protection 

plan. RI 

- Impact evaluation should be included in the planning process for new DUIrelated activities. CT93 

- AK Highway Safety Planning Agency should conduct at least one impact 

evaluation each year using experienced contract evaluators. AK 

- Ensure that overall program areas are evaluated on a regular basis. MI 

- The Center for Substance Abuse Research should conduct impact evaluations 

to ensure that local government and the Resource Centers are allocating their 

resources in the most efficient and effective manner. MD91 

- OTS's Data and Evaluation unit should ensure impact evaluation is 

conducted, building it in during the planning process for all new OWI 

prevention activities. WI93 

- Traffic Safety Operations Office should continue to require evaluation of 

its programs and use data that will provide impact measures for such projects 

as STEP. TX 

C-36
2. DEVELOP AN EVALUATION CAPABILITY 

- ** The Governor's Highway Safety Program should create an internal 

evaluation unit of the appropriate size to assure quality assessments of 

existing countermeasures. NC95 

- ** Office of Traffic Safety should establish its own evaluation expertise 

either through contract or agency staffing changes so that evaluation becomes 

an integral part of OTS activities. CA 

- ** Establish an outcome evaluation capability within OHS. DE 

- Create an internal evaluation section sufficient to assure consistent 

program evaluations. Charge the group with developing a comprehensive traffic 

safety evaluation plan. NC 

3. EVALUATION PROJECT PLANNING 

- ** Expand the use of attitude surveys. OK 

- Develop a long-term evaluation plan to measure the effectiveness of 

Virginia's impaired-driving programs. The plan should address the problems of 

data availability, the possible need for additional staff or consultant help, 

the possible need for legislative change, and the savings to the citizens of 

the Commonwealth, both in terms of hard dollars and in terms of lives and 

injuries. VA 

- GOHS and the DUI advisory group should develop a long-term evaluation plan 

that will address the measurement of the effect of legislative changes and 

program implementation in order to provide direction to the overall program. 

AZ 

- Use surveys to target high-risk groups. OK 

- Evaluation of PI&E efforts is needed to determine their effectiveness, as 

well as to assist in designing future PI&E programs. Regularly scheduled 

public opinion surveys should be conducted to measure the general public's 

knowledge and attitudes on traffic safety issues. These surveys could be 

conducted in concert with existing survey instruments at relatively low cost. 

CA 

- The research/evaluation standing committee (within the Governor's 

Commission on Traffic Safety) should advise the TSB on what evaluation is 

needed to address impact of the State's programs. NM91 

- Facilitate discussions between local communities and State agencies that 

now share DUI data. This process will aid in the development of a statewide, 

unified outcome evaluation plan. WV93 

- The Governor's Commission on Traffic Safety should recommend research 

projects to be conducted by the Division of Government Research at the UNM. 

These projects should be tied to the Commission's goals and objectives, 

milestones, and evaluation measures. NM91 

- Identify those programs that seem most likely to have an effect on reducing 

the incidence of DUI. Design and conduct evaluations of those projects. CO 

C-37
- Traffic Safety Operations Office should develop a long-term evaluation plan 

to measure the effectiveness of anticipated legislative changes and program 

implementation. TX 

- Resource Centers should conduct regional needs assessments for use with 

local project development and Statewide planning. MD91 

- Establish a committee to provide recommendations regarding research 

and evaluation projects that should be implemented. DE 

- Use the traffic records assessment recommended earlier in this report to 

assist in the development of this long-range evaluation plan. VA 

4. ENSURE APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGIES, USE OF BENCHMARKS/MILESTONES, ETC. 

- ** Develop a baseline and performance-based goals for the impaired-driving 

program area and all other traffic safety program areas. RI 

- ** Establish appropriate benchmarks and evaluations on sub-projects funded 

through the CTSP format to ensure valid projects are implemented. MD 

- ** All program and individual project goals should be quantifiable with 

appropriate milestones and performance indicators. HI 

- Continue to ensure that appropriate evaluation methodologies are selected 

for each funded project. WI 

- All program and individual project goals should have appropriate milestones 

and performance indicators. TN 

- Establish appropriate benchmarks and performance indicators for all 

impaired-driving programs and individual grants. MD 

- The GHSO should require/approve all program and individual project goals, 

including appropriate milestones and performance indicators. OH 

- Continue to ensure that appropriate evaluation methodologies are selected 

for each funded project. MN03 

- Office of Traffic Safety should ensure appropriate evaluation methodology 

is selected for each funded project. MN95 

- All program and individual project goals should have appropriate milestones 

and performance indicators. MO 

- All program and individual project goals should have the appropriate 

milestones and performance indicators. CT00 

5. REPORTING/SHARING/PUBLICIZING EVALUATION RESULTS 

- ** Create and distribute summary reports from the Annual Evaluation Report 

to appropriate city, county, and State officials. OR 

- Publicize results of successful projects. MO 

- Establish evaluation teams including current and former project directors 

to increase the sharing of project information. MO 

C-38
- The Traffic Safety Bureau should continue to share results of research with 

key traffic safety organizations to include local CDWI's and local DWI grant 

programs. NM95 

- Publicize results of successful projects. CT00 

- The Highway Traffic Safety Division should set up a formal system of 

reporting evaluation results of all programs on a regular basis to local and 

State project and program managers. MT94 

- Establish evaluation teams including current and former project directors 

to increase the sharing of project information between projects. CT00 

- OTS should make special efforts to communicate results of its analyses and 

interpretations of safety issues more effectively to the many individuals 

throughout Wisconsin who are part of the impaired-driving prevention effort. 

WI93 

- OTS should take formal steps to expand participation in traffic safety 

evaluation by other agencies and general sharing of results. WI93 

- The TSB should continue to share results of evaluations with key traffic 

safety partners and publicize the positive achievements made. NM 

- The GHSO should publicize results of successful projects. OH 

- Publicize results of successful projects. TN 

6. COORDINATION OF EVALUATION ACTIVITIES 

- OTS's Data and Evaluation unit should take on the coordinating role for all 

traffic safety research and evaluation. WI93 

- Traffic Safety Operations Office should continue its working relationship 

with TTI and develop relationships with other research and evaluation 

institutions. TX 

- Each local plan submitted to the TSB for approval should be based upon 

guidelines established by the community/corporate standing committee (within 

the Governor's Commission on Traffic Safety) to include an evaluation 

component. NM91 

7. DATA (COLLECTION OF/AVAILABILITY/USE OF) 

- ** Indiana should strengthen reporting requirements of DUI arrest data to a 

designated central repository. IN01 

- ** Indiana should consider initiating an education program to help create 

new legislation requiring all drivers (deceased and surviving) involved in a 

fatal crash be tested for alcohol and other drugs. Previous lack of data led 

to probability that the number of alcohol-involved fatal crashes were 

underreported. Accurate data are essential when measuring program 

effectiveness. IN01 

- ** Use results of attitudes surveys to make program changes. OK 

- A DUI tracking system should be developed to assist with determining 

whether resources are being used effectively. WV 

C-39
- Establish a requirement to test all drivers involved in fatal and serious 

injury crashes for alcohol and/or other drugs. ND 

- Continue to improve the capability of on-line access to data and training 

for use of data by project and program managers. ND 

- Require more than fatality data in the evaluations. The relatively small 

number of traffic fatalities (especially alcohol-related fatalities) in 

Vermont makes it more difficult to identify trends and improvements; adding 

at least serious injuries to the databases would plump up the numbers and 

make for more accurate analysis. VT 

- Support the development of the new electronic crash reporting system. VT 

- Encourage the State toxicologist to use the electronic capability of the 

new Intoxilyzer instruments to collect data more frequently on alcohol 

content, time of day, gender, and age of offenders to evaluate the 

effectiveness of periodic sobriety check points and saturation patrols. ND 

- Continue to use the Center for Substance Abuse Research (CESAR), Substance 

Abuse Management Information System (SAMIS), and Crash Outcome Data 

Evaluation System (CODES) for related data. MD 

- Establish alcohol crash rates and projected rates to compare effectiveness 

of projects and programs among counties. HI 

- Use other data sources such as EMS, Hawaii Deptartment of Health, 

University of Hawaii studies, Hawaii's Deptartment of Attorney General's 

Office and Judiciary. HI

- Consider using data obtained from conducted surveys such as the Dept. of 

Health's Youth Behavior Risk Inventory to determine impact. HI 

- Create an annual Impaired Driving Systems Performance data report, broken 

down at the county level. MD 

- Use the "Major Traffic Accidents, State of Hawaii 1987-1996" annual reports 

to obtain non-fatal injury crash data to estimate alcohol involvement in 

injury crashes in Hawaii in addition to FARS data. HI

- Use the program evaluation results in the planning process for developing 

the following year's highway safety plan, in the grant project selection 

process, and in maintaining trend data. RI 

- Develop a DUI tracking system to determine whether resources are being 

managed to have the maximum effect on the problem of impaired driving. WV93 

- The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should use the evaluations and 

other pertinent data and information as the basis for an annual traffic 

safety report to the Governor, legislature and Congressional delegation. AK 

- Continue to provide timely data to grantees and other users. WI 

- Adjust the public opinion survey sampling size to allow for more sensitive 

measurements and more detailed targeting of messages to subgroups of the 

population. OR 

- Departments and agencies responsible for monitoring DWI related activities 

should review their internal evaluation procedures to determine if the data 

C-40
they collect meets not only their needs but also the needs of related 

agencies. NC95 

8. SEEK ASSISTANCE/CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENTS FROM OTHER AGENCIES, UNIVERSITIES, 

OR NHTSA/DOT 

- ** The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should investigate the 

availability of evaluation professionals at the universities located in the 

State or within the Department of Health and Social Service's Epidemiology 

Section. AK 

- ** Consider using outside sources, such as a university, for assistance in 

program and systems evaluations. WI 

- ** Seek assistance from other State agencies and universities with data 

processing and evaluation capabilities to conduct impact evaluations on 

selected projects to determine effectiveness. GA 

- ** Collaborate with the Highway Safety Research Center on other entities to 

explore ways of providing comprehensive statewide effectiveness evaluations. 

NC 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should develop contractual agreements for the 

performance of program impact evaluations. NM 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should continue to contract with a variety of 

Universities and other contractors to conduct impact evaluations. NM95 

- The Vermont GHSP should seek NHTSA assistance in program evaluations. A 

State with a small amount of NHTSA funds has a difficult time diverting any 

of them from programs into evaluations. VT 

- Resource Centers should be integrated into the college structure to take 

advantage of the organizational resources. MD91 

- The advisory group should determine whether evaluation capabilities are 

available in State government or the university system. AZ 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should continue to contract with a variety of 

Universities and other contractors to conduct impact evaluations. NM95 

- Use the Missouri Safety Center to evaluate selected projects. MO 

- The TSP may consider requesting the no-cost assistance of a representative 

from NHTSA to review and recommend the best strategies to conduct evaluations 

using what data is currently available. ND 

9. INVENTORY EXISTING IMPAIRED DRIVER PROGRAMS/EFFORTS 

- Counties and Baltimore City should conduct an inventory of existing 

programs, interest groups, and resources directed at the impaired driver. 

MD91 

C-41
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 1F 

FUNDING 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. USE OF OFFENDER FEES FOR IMPAIRED DRIVING EFFORTS 

- ** Consider consolidation of fines, penalties, and fees and centralize 

collection procedures. Such a system would make it possible to impose real 

property liens, wage garnishment, income tax penalties or to limit public 

assistance of those offenders refusing to pay. Collections could then be 

distributed proportionally to the appropriate designated agencies. CA 

- ** Dedicated tax or program revenue must be earmarked for specific purposes 

as specified by either the voters or the governing legislative body (may 

require constitutional amendment). AK 

- ** Continue the LEAF program. CO 

- Recommend that funds be targeted for the State's impaired-driving programs. 

OK 

- Dedicate a portion of the State's alcohol excise tax to impaired-driving 

and/or alcohol abuse programs. TX 

- DPS should seek authority to charge a reinstatement fee to every convicted 

DWI offender whose driving privilege has been suspended with funds being used 

for traffic safety purposes. TX 

- Develop plans to phase in a cost share ratio for overtime enforcement 

efforts to facilitate department ownership. IN01 

- Create a dedicated funding source, preferably supported by a new fee 

imposed upon impaired-driving offenders, to adequately support the operation 

of essential impaired-driving enforcement, education, training, prevention, 

and treatment programs at the State and local level. RI 

- Continued leadership is needed to provide oversight and support to the 

surcharge system so that all localities receive an appropriate level of 

funding for assessment programs. WI93 

- Implement a centralized collection system, whereby funds collected could be 

redistributed to the appropriate agency. WV93 

- The Department of Highway Safety should actively encourage public/privatefunded traffic safety programs. CT93 

2. INCREASE FEES THAT ARE USED FOR IMPAIRED DRIVING PROGRAMS 

- ** The amount of existing drivers license reinstatement fee dedicated to 

the impaired driver program should be increased from one-half of the fee to 

the full $100 imposed. MT94 

- ** Court, costs should be increased to provide funds for the County DUI 

Task Forces' administration and programs. MT94 

- ** A permanent one-dollar surcharge should be added to the vehicle 

registration/renewal fee to promote anti-DUI activities. This money should be 

budgeted to the Department of Highway Safety, and used to fund activities as 

C-42
directed by the recommended Governor's Commission on Alcohol and Traffic 

Safety. CT93 

- ** Increase the beer tax and dedicate a portion to enforcement, 

prosecution, and adjudication. WI 

- ** The Wisconsin legislature should consider changing the current State 

statute to allow DMV to increase the driver license renewal fee by $1.00 and 

have those funds be dedicated to supporting the agencies CTSP effort. WI93 

- Continue to review the level of offender fees being charged to determine if 

some might be appropriately increased to help defray current costs. WI 

3. LEGISLATION TO REQUIRE USE OF OFFENDER FEES TO COMBAT IMPAIRED DRIVING 

- ** Examine legislative initiatives requiring collection of offender fees to 

support chemical testing equipment, and overtime enforcement. Examples are 

surcharges on DUI fines, reinstatement fees for driver license, or impound 

fees. CT00 

- ** Continue to examine legislative initiatives requiring the earmarking of 

offender fees (including reinstatement fees for driver license, impound fees, 

surcharges on DUI fines) to support DUI countermeasure activities. IN01 

- Enact legislation to ensure that the $15.00 LEAF fee returned to the 

counties is designated for DUI enforcement costs. CO 

- Examine legislative initiatives that would enable the collection of 

offender fees to support equipment, overtime, and education for the 

apprehension and conviction of impaired drivers to reduce impaired-driving 

injuries and deaths. Funding would come from a surcharge on DWI fines or 

license reinstatement targeting enforcement for DWIs. MO 

- Seek legislative change to dedicate to DPS the State's surcharge realized 

from conducting DWI breath testing. TX 

4. FEDERAL FUNDING ELIGIBILITY 

- The State should encourage local acquisition of tax exempt status, or 

becoming part of county or city governments in order to qualify as applicants 

for various Federal fund programs available to direct such entities. MT94 

- Because of fiscal shortfalls, the State should take the necessary measures 

to achieve eligibility for Federal Section 408/410 dollars. MD91 

- Continue to offer Section 402 and 410 funds as "seed money" to initiate 

successful impaired-driving countermeasure projects with special 

consideration of grant awards to those with well-conceived self-sufficiency 

plans. MO 

- Dedicate a greater portion of Section 164 transfer funds to the enhancement 

of the State's impaired-driving program. RI 

- Review the requirements of Section 410 impaired-driving incentive program 

to determine whether the State's saturation patrol program meets the Federal 

criteria, or, may only need to be slightly altered to meet the criteria. RI 

- Continue to fund "seed money" requiring matching funds to continue 

successful impaired-driving countermeasure projects with special 

C-43
consideration of grant awards to those with well-conceived self-sufficiency 

plans. CT00 

- Continue to promote the "seed money" concept of the Section 402 program and 

to provide follow-on technical support to those programs, which attain selfsufficiency. MI 

5. REVIEW/ENCOURAGE/ADOPT SELF-SUFFICIENCY EFFORTS 

- ** The Governor's Highway Safety Program should develop a self-sufficiency 

task force charged with the responsibility of reviewing existing self 

sufficiency programs in other States to determine which programs would be 

suitable for North Carolina. NC95 

- ** Cost assumption should be an objective of all traffic safety programs. 

CT93 

- ** Assure long-term successful impaired-driving countermeasure projects by 

giving special consideration to those grant submittals with well-conceived 

realistic self-sufficiency plans. IN01 

- ** Continue to review self-sufficiency programs in other States while at 

the same time continuing to encourage self-sufficiency programs in Minnesota. 

MN03 

- Continue to review self-sufficiency programs in other States while at the 

same time continuing to encourage self-sufficiency programs in Wisconsin. WI 

- GOHS and any DUI advisory group established should continue to emphasize 

program self-sufficiency funding in the development of legislation. AZ 

- North Carolina should adopt the self-sufficiency recommendations of the 

task force. NC95 

- Office of Traffic Safety should review existing self-sufficiency measures 

throughout the US, with the intent of developing a viable self-sufficiency 

plan for impaired-driving programs. MN95 

- Self-sufficiency measures should be taken to ensure long-term funding. The 

use of penalty assessments or user fees associated with the apprehension, 

prosecution, and adjudication of the impaired driver should be actively 

pursued. MD91 

- Remove prohibition of dedicated funds so that programs can become selfsustaining. AK 

- Consider mass distribution of the NHTSA/National Association of Governor's 

Highway Safety Representative Underage Drinking Prevention "Community How-To 

Guides" to stakeholders. Included in this multi-booklet package is a selfsufficiency guide. IN01 

6. PUBLICIZE COSTS OF IMPAIRED DRIVING 

- ** Ensure that public and State legislators are made aware of the societal 

impact of impaired driving, including the costs which are borne by the State 

and its citizens. MI 

C-44
7. FUNDING EVALUATION/COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS 

- Make an effort to identify the savings that result from the reduction in 

DUI crash costs, including medical and social program costs. AZ 

- Conduct a study to determine potential funding sources within the current 

system that may require administrative and/or legislative action. TX 

- Develop cost benefit analysis for impaired-driving countermeasure programs 

to secure ongoing support from local and State officials. CT00 

- Evaluate fines and other monetary penalties to determine if they are in 

line with the cost of operating the system. WV93 

- Develop cost benefit analysis for impaired-driving countermeasure programs 

to secure ongoing support from local and state-elected officials. MO 

- Record revenue information in the data system when upgraded to allow for 

cost benefit analysis of the programs involved. OR 

- Calculate an estimate of all DUI-related expenses to illustrate the costs 

of those activities, including police, prosecution, courts, MVD, treatment 

and corrections. AZ 

- Record revenue information in the data system when upgraded to allow policy 

makers to determine whether offenders and users of the system are paying for 

the bulk of the costs incurred. OR 

- Develop a reporting system that aggregates the funds collected by all 

agencies as a result of DUI activities. AZ 

8. DUI TRACKING SYSTEM 

- Develop a DUI tracking system that would include information on uncollected 

money. WV93 

- Develop a DUI tracking system to include EMS recordkeeping. WV93 

C-45
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 2A 

PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION FOR PREVENTION 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. DEVELOP/IMPLEMENT STATEWIDE PI&E PLANS 

- ** The Division of Highway Safety should develop a statewide enforcement 

and prevention plan and program for impaired-driving PI&E activities. The 

plan should include attention to public health approaches that are designed 

to alter social norms with regard to impaired driving, to change risky and/or 

dangerous behaviors, and to create more protective environments especially 

for youth. CT00 

- ** Design and implement a specific statewide PI&E plan for an expanded 

effort to increase public awareness and to reduce impaired-driving problems 

throughout Indiana. IN01 

- ** The Office of Highway Safety Planning should assume responsibility for 

development of a statewide PI&E plan. It should consider contracting this 

responsibility for implementation to the Alcohol Issues Forum. MI 

- ** OTS should proceed with development of a comprehensive PI&E plan in 

support of an overall Impaired Driving Prevention Plan. The plan should 

include: needs assessment, marketing plan, and evaluation of target group 

exposure, recall, and assimilation of messages. The planning process should 

include participation of all public and private organizations providing PI&E 

activities. WI93 

- ** Develop a comprehensive prevention and PI&E plan for the State. OK 

- ** Design, fund and implement a comprehensive statewide plan for all 

impaired-driving PI&E activities; this plan should describe and delineate an 

ongoing statewide PI&E program and include a dedicated coordinator 

responsible for these impaired-driving activities. VT 

- ** GHSP should develop a PI&E plan for the State. At a minimum, such a plan 

should encompass discussion of the extent of the problem, a strategy for 

addressing the problem, and a discussion of resources available to inform the 

public about the problem and effective ways of addressing it. WV 

- ** The PI&E coordinator should develop a statewide plan and program for all 

impaired-driving PI&E activities. GA 

- Develop a coordinated and comprehensive statewide PI&E plan including 

standardized materials and strategies for media support. DE 

- DTS should develop and follow a statewide PI&E plan. IL 

- Develop a PI&E plan for the State. This plan should set reasonable goals 

and should coordinate them with Healthy Marylanders 2010 efforts. MD 

- The "Comprehensive Substance Abuse Prevention Five-Year Plan" described in 

section 2-B, should include a statewide coordinated PI&E component. ND 

- Develop an impaired-driving PI&E plan, coordinated with substance abuse and 

health promotion campaigns, including needs assessment, tested messages, 

targeted media and sustained campaigns. RI 

D-1
- Develop a comprehensive PI&E plan coordinating the efforts of various 

agencies involved in impaired-driving prevention. OR 

- Develop a coordinated, interagency traffic safety PI&E plan. MO 

2. ESTABLISH STATEWIDE PI&E COORDINATOR POSITION/RESPONSIBILITIES OF 

- ** The Division of Highway Safety should develop a statewide enforcement 

and prevention plan and program for impaired-driving PI&E activities and 

designate a coordinator to implement the plan. CT00 

- ** Traffic Safety Bureau should designate a full-time PI&E Coordinator 

either in the agency or on a contract basis. NM95 

- ** Office of Traffic Safety should designate a PI&E coordinator responsible 

for development of a comprehensive PI&E plan. MN95 

- ** DTS should create and staff a position responsible for coordinating 

public and private DUI activities. IL 

- ** Hire a full-time PI&E coordinator to ensure that the plan is implemented 

on a reasonable timeline. MD 

 

- ** Expand the PI&E staff contingent within the GHSP, and specifically hire 

a full-time coordinator with the responsibility to annually develop a 

statewide plan and program for all PI&E activities related to impaired 

driving. NC 

- GHSP should designate a PI&E coordinator. WV 

- Designate a statewide traffic safety PI&E coordinator in the GHSO. OH 

- Appoint a coordinator for traffic safety PI&E activities within the 

GHSO. TN 

 

- A position for a permanent, full-time PI&E coordinator should be 

established by GOHS. GA 

 

- Designate a statewide traffic safety PI&E coordinator. MO 

- The PI&E coordinator should be responsible for a comprehensive statewide 

PI&E plan. NM95 

- The PI&E coordinator should be encouraged to participate in workshops and 

seminars on PI&E strategies and techniques that apply to activities outside 

the scope of law enforcement in order to broaden his perspective and 

statewide network. GA 

3. IMPROVE/EXPAND AGENCY/INTERAGENCY PI&E PLANNING AND COORDINATION EFFORTS 

 

- ** New Mexico should continue to work with regional task forces and attempt 

to expand them and develop better coordination. NM91 

- ** Continue and expand GOHS' planning and coordinating in the area of PI&E. 

AZ 

- ** Increase interagency planning for State prevention and PI&E efforts. OK 

D-2
- ** The Hawaii Department of Health, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division should 

take a more active role in the coordination of and participation in PI&E 

activities that surround prevention. HI 

- ** The GHSP should assume a leadership position in the coordination of 

highway safety efforts in the State. To this end, GHSP should convene an 

interagency group for the specific purpose of sharing information about 

issues of mutual concern and interest. Membership should include reps from 

insurance, health, DOT, DMV, and the WVSP. WV 

- ** The Department of Highway Safety should provide coordination of PI&E 

activities consistent with a comprehensive plan. The PI&E plan should be 

consistent and coordinated with the Statewide Prevention Plan being developed 

by Interagency Coordinating Council. CT93 

- Develop stronger relationships with selected State agencies to expand 

support for PI&E campaigns on impaired-driving issues. NC 

- Develop a coordinated, interagency traffic safety PI&E plan. OH 

- Establish an interagency prevention coordinating council that uses current 

impaired-driving/substance abuse data to determine what policy and behaviors 

should be targeted and develop strategies to educate the public and to garner 

public support. MD 

- Establish an interagency alcohol, tobacco, and other drug prevention 

coordinating council with a PI&E sub-committee with representation from at 

least the GHSO, DOH, DOE, law enforcement agencies at the State and local 

level and college safety and substance abuse prevention programs. TN 

- Create an inclusive prevention committee(s), and establish collective 

Hawaii-specific goals, through interagency, inter-organization agreements. HI 

- The GHSP should develop a plan to promote substance abuse and impaireddriving prevention activities that enhance the likelihood that resources will 

not be duplicated and will target areas that may have been missed in earlier 

campaigns. Include the development of data-driven materials that underscore 

the costs of substance abuse with particular emphasis on DUI. WV 

- Include the Department of Insurance in planning efforts. OK 

- Office of Transportation Safety should develop strategies for more 

effective coordination of PI&E activities. CO 

- Office of Highway Safety Programs and the Alcohol Issues Forum should 

encourage and assist other counties to adopt and adapt an "Impact Weekend" 

program. MI 

- Prevention should be part of the proposed statewide Traffic Safety 

Conference in order to better coordinate prevention activities. CO 

- Develop action teams in conjunction with State and local police whose goals 

should be to get relevant information regarding traffic safety problems in a 

timely manner to the OHSP public information office. MI 

- Office of Highway Safety Planning should encourage and assist local 

coalitions in obtaining PI&E materials from private sources. MI 

D-3
- Texas should continue expansion of the excellent inter-agency cooperation 

in PI&E campaigns. Traffic Safety Operations Office should work with other 

State and local groups to develop a comprehensive PI&E plan in order to avoid 

duplication of effort. TX 

- Organizations such as the Maryland DOT or ADAA should sponsor periodic 

"sharing" conferences for local projects and Resource Centers and could also 

establish a network of local projects to share information. MD91 

- OTS should fund the Resource Center on Impaired Driving to produce and 

distribute a newsletter to inform the highway safety community about 

legislative, policy and program changes and recent research findings related 

to impaired-driving prevention. WI93 

- Support continued operation of the Wisconsin Clearinghouse for Prevention 

Resources and coordinate links to Web sites and other Clearinghouse resources 

with community and school-based prevention programs. WI

- The Resource Center on Impaired Driving and the Wisconsin Clearinghouse for 

Alcohol and Drug Information should coordinate their efforts. The programs 

should be aware of each other's holdings in order to refer patrons to the 

best source of specific information. The programs might consider producing 

joint publications on issues of immediate concern to the impaired-driving 

field in Wisconsin. WI93

- GHSP should lead in developing a coordinated PI&E plan. WV93

- Work with traffic safety coalitions, public health agencies, and citizen 

advocacy groups to correct public misinformation about DWI and alcohol use 

stemming from alcohol advertising. NM91

- TSB should establish a statewide body to coordinate its impaired-driving 

program and it should contain standing committees on Prevention PI&E. NM91 

- Incorporate into the Oklahoma HSO statewide prevention plan the 

recommendations of the Oklahoma Drug and Alcohol Policy Board's substance 

abuse and treatment recommendation that pertain to highway safety. OK 

- The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should develop a comprehensive 

statewide presentation plan that should include decision makers from the 

education departments (or academia), State and local police, DMV, citizen 

groups, and alcohol industry. AK 

- Because of the size of Alaska, regional prevention groups must be formed. 

These groups should plan for the region within the parameters of the State 

plan. AK 

- The DUI Advisory Council should establish an ad hoc committee to determine 

how to best use current PI&E activities. IL 

4. BUSINESS/PRIVATE/SCHOOL ORGANIZATION INVOLVEMENT IN PI&E EFFORTS 

 

- ** The Division of Highway Safety should expand its contacts with and 

support of community not-for-profit organizations that implement impaireddriving PI&E programs at a regional and community level. In addition, the 

Division of Highway Safety should expand its media contacts related to 

impaired-driving issues. CT00 

D-4
- Develop stronger relationships with private sector business leaders to 

expand support for PI&E campaigns on impaired-driving issues. NC

- Design and implement a statewide conference for community, voluntary 

organizations, and private sector leaders and use "lessons learned" to 

stimulate a wider geographic range of impaired and underage driving PI&E 

activities. NM 

- Design and implement additional statewide and regional PI&E conferences for 

community, voluntary organizations and private sector leaders in order to 

stimulate and coordinate impaired-driving PI&E activities. NC 

- The statewide plan should include a strategy for coordinating the PI&E 

activities of each grantee. Private sector, volunteer, and public agency 

activities that are not grant-funded should also be coordinated to the extent 

that this is possible. If multiple messages in multiple contexts can be 

coordinated, they may become synergistic. GA 

- Coordinate highway safety initiatives with advocacy groups as well as 

private industry groups with an interest in highway safety and injury 

reduction. OK 

- Promote better communications between State and private agencies advocating 

for safety and health. OK 

- Conduct at least two meetings per year with traffic safety and other 

advocates to plan for future efforts and evaluate past activities. MO

- Businesses and private organizations should be encouraged to form publicprivate partnerships that further support existing PI&E efforts through 

increased funding, as well as access to other outlets. Where alcoholic 

beverage industry funds are used, advertising visibility should not be 

greater than that of any other participants. CA

- Continue the process of community-based empowerment, including support for 

citizen activist coalitions. CA 

- Continue the public-private partnership with groups such as Farmers 

Insurance. Expand this effort to other potential sources of private sector 

involvement in PI&E. AZ 

- State support for faculty research grants and/or student assistantships 

dedicated to prevention research could serve as an incentive for greater 

university participation. MD91 

 

- GHSP should continue to encourage and assist local programs to obtain PI&E 

materials from private sectors including major corporations and local 

companies. WV93

5. PROMOTE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF RISKS OF DUI, HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, ETC. 

- ** PI&E messages should be developed to inform drivers of the specific 

consequences of a DWI arrest and conviction. NC95 

- ** A comprehensive PI&E plan should be developed to address all elements of 

public awareness, knowledge, and attitudes related to the prevention of DUI. 

MT 

D-5
- ** Develop a working group to plan and develop an impaired-driving fact 

book that will be easily understood by lay people, that will have relevance 

for county and local task forces, that can provide at a minimum a compendium 

of information about impaired driving and other alcohol issues in each 

county. Impaired driving arrest data, as well as accident data, should 

provide demographics that enable prevention programs to choose appropriate 

strategies for targeting their limited resources. At the State level 

information should be released to the public indicating the disposition rates 

of impaired-driving cases in the courts for each judicial district. MD

- A PI&E strategy to educate the public and provide documentation in support 

of the goals of the Governor's Statewide DUI Task Force should be developed 

and implemented. No area of the State should be neglected, particularly if 

its electorate has substantial influence on the legislative process. GA 

- The Transportation Policy Committee should involve local participation in 

the development process for statewide PI&E campaigns. VA 

- GHSP should develop and maintain an updated fact sheet on DUI and its 

consequences in the State and on a county basis as well. At the state-level, 

information should be released to the public that indicates the disposition 

of DUI-related offenses. WV 

- The content of PI&E messages should be expanded beyond the deterrence 

message to address the health and safety consequences of impaired driving. 

NC95 

- Integrate impaired-driving messages into other ongoing public information 

activities, e.g., the Arizona DOT's Construction Alerts. This should be 

encouraged and expanded. AZ 

- Explore the possibility of implementing a non-commercial, sustaining 

announcement program that provides the equivalent of PSAs. AZ 

- Greater efforts should be directed to develop common themes and messages, 

with State and local groups encouraged to continuously create innovative 

methods of delivering the message. TX 

- Efforts should be made to match the level of alcohol advertising with 

equivalent exposure for effective pro-health and safety messages to provide 

more complete and accurate information. CA 

- Eliminate alcohol advertising and beverage industry promotion/sponsorship 

of public events where the majority of anticipated audience is under the 

legal drinking age. CA 

- Develop messages that stress the promotion of healthy life styles and 

relate them to the costs of impaired driving. OK 

6. MEDIA-RELATED RECOMMENDATIONS 

 

- Long-term planning should include the development of personal relationships 

with local media markets and a strategy for ensuring statewide media 

coverage. The GOHS clipping service should be used to develop a media market 

database for this purpose. GA 

- Consider establishing a contract with a public relations firm to conduct 

media activities. WV 

D-6
- Hire a PR firm to conduct media activities after the above recommendations 

are implemented. MD 

- Continue to encourage comprehensive news reporting of alcohol-related 

problems and crashes; continue the multi-media campaigns that are based on 

effective social marketing principles. Where necessary, repackage the message 

to make it more salient or reinforce the media's contribution to project 

successes by providing feedback to the public that emphasizes good results. 

CA 

7. PI&E EFFORTS FOR HIGH-RISK GROUPS

- ** Design and implement specific education, information and media 

strategies to address binge drinking and other drug use by youth. These PI&E 

and related strategies may require a two-part approach, one directed 

primarily toward youth and the other directed to parents and other caretakers 

of underage people. IN01 

- ** Convene and financially support a summit of college and university 

counseling, housing, student affairs, student government, and health clinic 

personnel to address issues of underage and binge drinking by students. NM 

- GHSP should assess the effectiveness of prevention programs targeting youth 

through the use of Youth Behavior Risk Survey, which is conducted every other 

year in West Virginia's schools. GHSP should request permission to add 

questions specifically addressing the issue of drinking and driving by youth 

as well as the issue of riding with another youth who has been drinking. WV 

- Target selected high-risk communities to conduct a special "I'd Rather 

Drive" campaign that would include providing each young person in the 

community with a personal copy of the tape. CA 

- Use data provided from HARM coupled with DUI/DWI arrest data to identify 

areas at high risk for impaired driving. OK 

- Designate a proportion of prevention dollars to assessing high-risk areas 

and for developing community programs promoting highway safety. OK 

- Traffic Safety Attitude Surveys should be expanded to include targeted subpopulations of minorities, youth, and problem drinkers. OR 

- Work with traffic safety coalitions, public health agencies, and citizen 

advocacy groups to oppose inappropriate targeting of youth and lower income 

groups in advertising, particularly in billboard placement. NM91 

8. CULTURAL-RELATED PI&E EFFORTS

- ** All PI&E program materials used statewide should be available in 

Spanish. In addition, materials and programs should be developed to reflect 

Hispanic culture and concerns. TX 

- ** Implement a sustained, targeted, and coordinated PI&E campaign to 

address the cultural norms related to alcohol use and impaired driving. WI 

- ** Some multi-cultural PI&E campaigns and materials, primarily for Hispanic 

audiences have been developed. However, given California’s cultural 

diversity, consideration should be given to expanding these efforts, 

particularly with respect to Asian and other ethnic populations. CA 

D-7
- PI&E materials should reflect cultural, ethnic and literacy diversity in 

Virginia. VA 

- Develop culturally sensitive PI&E materials and campaigns for Hispanics and 

Native Americans. OR 

- Newly developed materials should be culturally relevant, should involve 

input from the populations for which they are intended, and should reflect 

regional values and concerns. CO 

- Work with traffic safety coalitions, public health agencies, and citizen 

advocacy groups to oppose inappropriate targeting of minorities in 

advertising, particularly in billboard placement. NM91 

- Traffic safety materials on impaired driving (brochures, films, manuals, 

posters, etc) should be available in and targeted to the various major ethnic 

groups in New Mexico. NM91 

9. PI&E EVALUATION EFFORTS 

 

- ** Conduct evaluations to determine the effectiveness of various campaigns, 

target group exposure and message recall. Use local resources when possible 

(University faculty). AZ 

- ** Office of Highway Safety Planning should set specific goals for PI&E 

programs and conduct an evaluation using empirical data to determine the 

impact. MI 

- Develop and distribute evaluation tools for all funded prevention programs. 

Publish results of evaluations conducted to show which are working. HI 

- Expand comprehensive evaluations of PI&E campaigns. OH 

- Conduct comprehensive evaluations of all PI&E programs. MO 

- Develop outcome measures for programs and require that each program include 

at least a basic evaluation. OK 

- Use evaluations to eliminate ineffective programs. OK 

- Evaluation of PI&E should concentrate on measuring exposure, recall and 

correlated knowledge and attitudes. Existing surveys, such as the Behavioral 

Risk Factor Surveillance System, might prove to be an efficient tool for this 

purpose. CA 

- PI&E programs should be evaluated to assure efficiency in use of limited 

resources. TX 

 

- Evaluation of PI&E should concentrate on measuring exposure and recall and 

correlated knowledge and attitudes. MD91 

- Overall prevention evaluation efforts should be designed and overseen by 

the Center for Substance Abuse Research. MD91 

- GHSP should encourage prevention programs to develop and implement 

empirical evaluations of the impact of PI&E activities. GHSP should assist 

programs in identifying sources of assistance in conducting evaluation 

research, e.g., universities. WV93 

D-8
10. PI&E FUNDING RECOMMENDATIONS 

- Review strategies to seek creative means of funding existing viable 

programs. HI 

- Use State grant funds to enhance PI&E functions. NC 

- DMV should fund full-time PI&E positions in all district CTSPs. VA

- Insure that the Hawaii Department of Transportation has the funding 

necessary to carry out the PI&E for all islands. HI 

- Resource Centers should become "institutionalized" by seeking multiple 

sources of funding (private and public) and by establishing cooperative 

agreements with regional authorities and organizations. MD91 

11. PI&E MATERIALS 

- ** Given the proportion of rural roadways within the State, some PI&E 

materials should focus on rural highway safety. CA 

- Establish a clearinghouse for statewide PI&E materials that are accessible 

by all partners and highway safety advocates. MO 

- The Department of Highway Safety should encourage and assist local programs 

to obtain PI&E materials from private sector sources including major 

corporations and local companies. CT93 

- The Division of Highway Safety should develop its own PI&E campaigns and 

materials in the impaired-driving area. These materials may be either adapted 

from those developed by other sources and/or they may be created for, or by, 

the Division of Highway Safety. CT00 

D-9
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 2B 

SCHOOL PROGRAMS AND COMMUNITY YOUTH PROGRAMS 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

 

1. DEVELOP/IMPLEMENT K-12 ALCOHOL AND DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAMS. 

- ** Institute a comprehensive K-12 alcohol and other drug education program. 

Information on substance abuse and impaired driving should be presented 

progressively to students in each grade. NM91 

- ** Colorado should incorporate alcohol and drug education programs in all 

early childhood education programs, where possible. CO 

- ** The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency, along with the Department of 

Education should take the lead in establishing K-12 traffic safety education 

programs and materials with emphasis on alcohol and drug impaired driving. AK 

- ** Implement appropriate model K-12 alcohol programs. MN03 

- ** DMV, working in conjunction with the Dept. of Education, should develop 

and implement a K-12 alcohol highway safety curriculum. VA 

- ** Implement the "Protecting You/Protecting Me" curriculum on a pilot basis 

including comprehensive evaluation. Based on findings from the pilot project, 

the curriculum should be implemented statewide. OH 

- ** Alcohol/drug education should be mandated for grades K-12. IL 

- All school districts in North Dakota should implement a science-based 

prevention program at all levels K-12. ND 

- Develop drug and alcohol awareness programs with a highway safety message 

for use with middle school students. OK 

- Promote the inclusion of alcohol highway safety curriculum in high schools 

no longer providing driver education programs. OK 

- Encourage all schools to implement comprehensive health curriculum with 

substantial material related to DUI and alcohol and substance abuse related 

issues. MT 

- The Department of Education in conjunction with the Department of Human 

Services and the Office of Traffic Safety should develop a comprehensive, 

progressive, public-oriented substance abuse and traffic safety curriculum 

for grades K-12. MN95 

- Schools with DARE should be encouraged to expand the program to junior and 

senior high school levels. WI93 

- Comprehensive substance abuse and traffic safety curriculum with impaireddriving prevention components should be implemented in K-12. TX 

- Implement Life Skills Training in all schools in Delaware. DE 

- Traffic Safety Bureau and Department of Health should prepare plans to 

expand DWI prevention activities in schools to replace programs lost in the 

event of anticipated funding cuts. NM95 

D-10
2. EXAMINE, REVIEW, REVISE STATE CURRICULUM EMPHASIS 

- ** The Department of Highway Safety should work through the recommended 

Governor's Commission on Alcohol and Traffic Safety to establish an 

articulated impaired-driving prevention emphasis in substance abuse programs 

for students at all levels. This prevention emphasis should embrace the 

public health/traffic safety model recommended by NHTSA. CT93 

- Prevention efforts in the schools and in the community should emphasize 

parental and family use and abuse of alcohol, parent attitudes toward young 

people's use of alcohol and parenting skills, and family management. ND 

- Continue and strengthen the emphasis on the consequences of drinking and 

driving in the driver education program. MD 

- Review and develop the alcohol and substance abuse curricula to include 

appropriate, current and accurate information about impaired driving. AZ 

- Existing State curriculum should be reviewed and revisions made as needed. 

Grade 1-12 faculty substance abuse education efforts should be supplemented 

with community project and/or Resource Center staff who could present special 

"units." MD91 

- Information used in school-based programs should be updated frequently to 

reflect legislative and program changes and current statistics and research 

findings. TX 

- Messages specific to impaired driving should be integrated into existing 

health and other education programs beginning in grade school with special 

emphasis in middle and early high school years. NC95 

3. PROMOTE ALCOHOL-FREE EVENTS 

- Alcohol-free events should be promoted in rural as well as in urban areas. 

GA 

- Promote alcohol- and drug-free activities throughout the school year to 

include a focus on impaired driving. AK 

4. DEVELOPMENT OR ENCOURAGEMENT OF ALCOHOL/DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAMS OR EFFORTS 

FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS.

- ** GOHS, Department of Health Services, and other agencies should work 

with the University System to develop and implement a comprehensive 

alcohol/substance abuse prevention and intervention program. AZ 

- ** Implement appropriate model college alcohol programs. MN03 

- ** Community colleges and universities need to develop, implement, enforce 

on- and off-campus alcohol and other drug policies for students. 

Consideration might be given to having students majoring in the area to 

spearhead awareness programs and to develop and staff peer assistance 

programs. CA 

- College campuses should be encouraged to develop impaired-driving 

prevention activities within the framework of comprehensive risk reduction 

and health promotion programs. NC95 

D-11
- Colleges should be encouraged to develop comprehensive alcohol and 

substance abuse programs with strong impaired-driving prevention components. 

TX 

- Increase attention to prevention programs on college campuses, especially 

with respect to reducing underage consumption of alcohol and drinking and 

driving. VA 

- University substance abuse prevention efforts should be coordinated with 

the communities where the campuses are located. Coordination should include 

inviting local prevention projects onto campus, conducting programs for youth 

in the community and making University resources and expertise, e.g., 

evaluation research, available to the community. AZ 

- The university administration should become involved in the process of the 

placement and legal operation of alcohol outlets in close proximity to the 

campus. This should include providing impact statements to the Liquor Control 

Board (LCB) when new license applications are in process. Also, the 

university should pursue sanctions against licensed outlets involved in 

unsafe practices such as sales to underage students or to intoxicated 

patrons. AZ 

- Continue the efforts of the Alcohol Issues Forum with the President's 

Council and others to reduce alcohol-related incidents on college campuses. 

MI 

- Campus programs should be reviewed and encouraged to eliminate "responsible 

use" messages from programs intended for audiences under 21. Programs with 

alcohol free alternative activities and curriculum infusion should be 

encouraged. WI93 

- Encourage elimination of alcohol advertising and promotion of college 

campuses where a high proportion of the audience is under the legal drinking 

age. CA 

- A model program to reduce the use of alcohol by people under 21 and to 

promote traffic safety on a college or university campus should be considered 

for grant funding by GOHS. GA 

5. STATE/LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND COLLEGE COORDINATION/COOPERATION 

- ** Office of Traffic Safety and the Department of Human Services should 

facilitate the formation of a consortium of college substance abuse 

prevention programs to promote comprehensive campus prevention programs. MN95 

- Develop a college, university, and trade school committee in conjunction 

with the State Department of Health and the Traffic Safety Bureau to 

determine how to develop more effective alcohol and other drug use and abuse 

policies. NM91 

- Traffic Safety Bureau should work with the consortium of colleges to 

promote substance abuse prevention programs on campuses and to assure that 

DWI issues are incorporated into these programs. NM95 

- GOHS should encourage the Board of Regents to adopt policies that eliminate 

alcohol advertising and promotion on college campuses where a high proportion 

of the audience reached is under the legal drinking age. AZ 

D-12
- Expand liaisons with higher education institutions throughout the State in 

order to encourage the adoption of policies and practices that have been 

scientifically proven to reduce alcohol and other drug problems, and to lead 

to the reduction of a variety of traffic safety problems among college 

students. NC 

6. ESTABLISH TASK FORCE/CONSORTIUM TO REVIEW/IMPROVE CAMPUS ALCOHOL POLICIES 

- ** Establish a consortium of college traffic safety, injury prevention and 

alcohol and other drug abuse prevention programs to develop and implement a 

plan for DUI prevention and intervention and activities for college students. 

OR 

- ** Establish a task force to conduct a comprehensive review of college DUI 

and substance abuse prevention programs including campus alcohol policies and 

make recommendations for creating a healthy environment in relation to use of 

alcohol. MT 

- The Interagency Substance Abuse Prevention Team should establish a College 

Substance Abuse Prevention Consortium to conduct a needs assessment, develop 

a prevention plan, and implement science-based prevention programs on all 

campuses in the state. ND 

- Establish a consortium of college prevention programs to exchange ideas and 

work toward a consistent and effective alcohol and other drug policy on 

campuses throughout Tennessee. TN 

- Establish a College and University Prevention Consortium with coordinated 

planning and shared resources and materials. WI 

7. COMMUNITY COALITION INVOLVEMENT IN SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY YOUTH PROGRAMS 

- ** Coordinate the efforts of local Safe Kids/Safe Communities projects, 

local SICA, and other substance abuse prevention coalitions. MT 

- Community coalitions should be established in the remaining regions in 

North Dakota. ND 

- Community coalitions should be given technical assistance in implementing 

the Comprehensive Substance Abuse Prevention Five-Year Plan and include 

impaired-driving information in all components. ND 

- Expand and coordinate Safe Communities and other community level 

coalitions' impaired-driving and underage drinking prevention activities in 

schools. OH 

8. STATE/LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND SCHOOL COORDINATION/COOPERATION 

- ** Office of Highway Safety Programs must become involved in prevention 

programs with schools and promote use of the health and safety modules. MI 

- Establish a higher education alcohol awareness coordinating council to 

develop policies to effectively work with higher education administration, 

students, law enforcement and treatment providers. MD 

- Project Celebration activities should be coordinated with TX Youth Safety 

Program committees. TX 

D-13
-The Maryland DOT and/or ADAA Regional Coordinators should help initiate 

school-based projects that receive direct support (e.g. school budget) or 

indirect (e.g. PTA, community organizations) support.The Maryland Department 

of Education, DOT, and the Governor's Commission should assist districts in 

obtaining Drug Free Schools funds for new and existing projects. MD91 

9. IMPROVE COORDINATION OF INTERAGENCY/INTERGOVERNMENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN YOUTH 

PREVENTION/EDUCATION ACTIVITIES. 

- ** Enhance coordination between the agencies working with youth groups so 

that funds are better used. OK 

- ** Major prevention initiatives in Missouri should be coordinated by an 

interagency group consisting of at least the Missouri Division of Highway 

Safety, the Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, the Caring Communities 

Program,the Missouri Youth Adult Alliance, andthe Missouri Association of 

Community Task Forces. MO 

- ** Initiate an inter-island council on education and community involvement 

headed by the Hawaii Department of Education and Department of Health. HI 

- ** Appoint a Traffic Safety Bureau representative to the Prevention SubCoordinating Agreement Advisory Committee and appoint a representative of the 

Transportation Department to the Cabinet-level Prevention Advisory Committee. 

NM 

- ** Seek the cooperation of the Secretaries of Health, Transportation, and 

Education in efforts to institutionalize prevention programming within the 

schools. NM 

- ** Formalize coordination of youth programs through formation of a Youth 

Prevention Summit Task Force. OR 

- Establish an interagency alcohol, tobacco and other drug prevention 

coordinating council with a school and community sub-committee with 

representation from at least the GHSO, Department of Health, Department of 

Education, law enforcement agencies at the State and local level, citizen 

advocacy, and college safety and substance abuse prevention programs. TN 

- Traffic Safety Bureau should coordinate with the Department of Health 

Prevention Coordinator to assure inclusion of DWI issues in prevention 

programs. NM95 

- Interagency agreements should be signed by all major players. HI 

- Include personnel from prevention services in DMH/SAS and the Department 

of Health in highway safety coordination efforts. OK 

 

- Coordinate and integrate the strategic planning and prevention initiatives 

developed under the SICA with existing impaired-driving and injury prevention 

efforts at the State and local level. DE 

- The Division of Highway Safety should maintain close cooperation and 

coordination with Federal and State agencies involved in reviewing scientific 

"best practices" related to the prevention and reduction of alcohol and other 

drug problems. Department of Health Services should keep apprised of the 

most current best practices, and to ensure that funding and other support is 

provided to those educational programs that demonstrate effectiveness in 

reducing youth alcohol problems. CT00 

D-14
-The Maryland Department of Transportation and others in the impaired-driving 

field need to maintain a strong cooperative relationship with the Maryland 

Department of Education. MD91 

- Office of Traffic Safety and all other agencies involved in the impaired 

driver field should continue to provide support for implementation of the 

Wisconsin Plan for AODA prevention in schools. WI93 

- Facilitate collaboration between the Council and other State agencies, 

higher education resources, middle and high school educators, youth and 

parents to share and discuss research evidence on alcohol, tobacco and other 

drug problem prevention programs and strategies that have been scientifically 

demonstrated to work. IN01 

- The Governor's Highway Safety Program should convene a task force to 

develop a comprehensive, coordinated plan to address prevention, 

adjudication, and rehabilitation of young impaired drivers. NC95 

- Convene a statewide task force to develop a comprehensive, coordinated plan 

that addresses prevention, adjudication, and rehabilitation of young impaired 

drivers. NC 

- Available education programs should be presented as an element of the 

proposed annual statewide Traffic Safety Conference. CO 

- The Governor's Statewide DUI Task Force should pursue its draft proposals 

for an inventory of youth traffic safety programs and for a Statewide Teen 

DUI Conference. GA 

10. ESTABLISH A YOUTH COORDINATOR POSITION 

- ** Dedicate one full-time position to work as a youth coordinator. There is 

an important amount of activity occurring in the State and such a coordinator 

could make the prevention of juvenile impaired driving an issue. MD 

- ** Retain the Hawaii Department of Education's Traffic Safety Coordinator 

position and seek permanent State funding of the same. HI 

- ** GHSP should support a youth coordinator whose responsibility consists of 

developing uniform state-level guidelines for impaired-driving prevention 

activities at the high school and middle school levels. The Coordinator 

should work with Safe Communities as well as with people in under-served 

counties that have an interest in promoting DUI prevention activities in 

their areas. WV 

- Establish a youth coordinator in the Oklahoma HSO to enhance communication 

and planning between the myriad of programs focusing on school-aged and 

college students. OK 

- GHSP should pursue resources to establish a youth traffic safety 

coordinator within the office. WV93 

11. YOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 

- Middle school prevention programs should be developed by youth and whenever 

possible, implemented by young people. NC95

D-15
- GHSP should continue to support and encourage school and community 

prevention projects that involve young people in all levels of program 

planning and implementation. WV93 

- Expand support for impaired-driving prevention efforts that include 

significant youth involvement in leadership roles such as the Vermont Teen 

Leadership Safety Program and Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD). 

VT

- Establish Youth to Eliminate Loss of Life (YELL) chapters in all high 

schools and middle schools in Delaware. DE 

- Student safety clubs and task forces should be established in as many 

additional schools as possible. The best of these should be recognized as 

model programs and should be replicated, perhaps under the direction of a 

Youth Programs Coordinator working out of GOHS. GA 

12. SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY YOUTH PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS WITH A CULTURAL 

EMPHASIS 

- ** The K-12 highway safety curriculum developed by DMV and the Department 

of Education should be culturally and ethnically sensitive and address the 

diverse needs of the Commonwealth's children. VA 

- ** Continue to provide "El Protector" program to Hispanic youth and assess 

the feasibility of adapting the concept to Native American youth as well. AZ 

- Develop culturally sensitive DUI prevention programs for Hispanic and 

Native American youth. OR 

13. INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL AND SCHOOL HEALTH PERSONNEL 

- Collaborate with local health educators, nurses, guidance counselors and 

other health personnel at the middle and high school level to more 

effectively educate students about the dangers associated with among youth 

and to design new initiatives to prevent and reduce these problems. NC 

- Expand prevention initiatives with K-12 educators, health educators, and 

school health personnel. IN01 

14. EVALUATION OF EFFORTS/DATA UTILIZATION 

- ** Reallocate monies from ineffective and less effective programs and 

strategies to programs and strategies proven to be effective. IN01 

- ** Identify and analyze existing model K-12 and college alcohol programs. 

MN03 

- ** Conduct outcome evaluations of all prevention efforts. RI 

- ** Coordinate survey data collection and share results. MT 

- Conduct a survey to determine what prevention programs currently exist in 

the areas of alcohol and other drug abuse on college campuses, and recommend 

implementation of appropriate programs statewide. NM 

- Develop a vehicle to examine more closely areas where the system is failing 

its young people. OK 

D-16
- DHS should review its alcohol abuse prevention/intervention programs to 

assure that impaired driving is included as a critical issue. AZ 

- Coordinate the many school- and community-based prevention programs and 

develop and implement prevention strategies based on data driven needs 

assessments conducted under State Incentive Grants, Department of Health and 

Family Services health planning, Comprehensive Community Health Programs and 

other State and local programs. WI 

- GHSP should assist programs in identifying sources of assistance in 

conducting evaluation research, e.g., universities. WV93

- Evaluate the amount of underage drinking and substance abuse on college and 

trade school campuses. Collect and evaluate college and trade school alcohol 

and other drug polices to determine their adequacy. NM91

- GHSP should encourage prevention programs to develop and implement 

empirical evaluations of the impact of school and community based prevention 

activities. WV93 

- Ensure that new programs funded by the GHSP either have been scientifically 

evaluated and proven to be effective or that the programs themselves collect 

appropriate research data that will demonstrate they are effective in 

reducing youth alcohol and/or other drug use, or in reducing the level of 

impaired driving by program participants. NC 

- GHSP should assess the effectiveness of prevention programs targeting youth 

through the use of Youth Behavior Risk Survey, which is conducted every other 

year in West Virginia's schools. GHSP should request permission to add 

questions specifically addressing the issue of drinking and driving by youth 

as well as the issue of riding with another youth who has been drinking. WV 

- Build upon existing relationships with ADAP, the DOE, and universities 

within the State that have appropriate research capabilities in order to: 

assess and evaluate the effectiveness of existing school-based and other 

impaired-driving prevention approaches; and. reallocate existing and new 

resources to those programs and approaches that are determined to be most 

effective. VT 

- GHSP should assemble available data on alcohol and drug use and alcoholrelated driving behavior among middle school, high school and college 

students. This information is particularly important given the high 

likelihood that graduated licensing will be adopted in WV. WV 

- Local projects should be evaluated to identify the most promising and 

effective activities for replication in other schools. TX 

D-17
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 2C 

EMPLOYER PROGRAMS 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

 

1. DEVELOP/EXPAND NETS PROGRAMS/EMPLOYER TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAMS/ACCESS TO 

- ** Traffic safety programs for employers should be developed and 

coordinated. NM95 

- ** Transportation Safety Section should promote the establishment of 

employer programs through implementation of the NETS. OR 

- ** Work with companies to expand their alcohol abuse/impaired driver 

programs to employees' families and the community served by the companies. AZ 

- Develop a NETS chapter in Rhode Island to establish employer-based traffic 

safety workplace programs with the support of the insurers and other 

companies that currently participate in the Traffic Safety Coalition. RI 

- Expand employer-based programs for employee assistance. OK

- Expand the use of NETS as a tool to expand impaired-driving activities in 

private sector employers. MI 

- The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should encourage employers to 

implement such programs based on national programs such as NETS and AAA. AK 

- Develop a plan for implementing employer-based impaired-driving, traffic 

safety, and alcohol and substance abuse prevention programs. WI 

- Office of Traffic Safety should foster implementation of the NETS program 

as a tool to expand impaired driver activities in the private business 

sector. WI93 

- Implement the NETS or a NETS type program statewide. IL 

- Establish an expansion plan for NETS. MD 

- GHSP should use the interagency group as a mechanism to foster the use of a 

NETS-type program for State agencies since the State is West Virginia's 

largest employer. WV 

- Services of the Georgia Network of Employers for Traffic Safety should be 

offered to employers throughout the State, by continued expansion into new 

industry sectors and geographic areas. GA 

- Expand access to certified addiction specialists and encourage this group 

to become involved with private companies. MI 

- Traffic Safety Bureau should expand the network of employers it works with 

and progressively incorporate other companies into that network. TSB should 

be particularly concerned with establishing ties with companies and 

government agencies involved in transportation and public safety. NM91 

- Efforts should be made to make employee programs available to large and 

small employers in the private and public sectors throughout the State. WV93

D-18
- Efforts should be made to make Employee Assistance Programs available to 

all employers, large and small. MI 

- Efforts should be made to make employee programs available to large and 

small employers in the private and public sectors throughout the state. WI93 

- TX has model employee assistance programs for both large corporations and 

small companies as well as for State agencies. Efforts should be made to 

assure that all employers in TX become involved in programs to provide 

prevention and intervention services for employees. TX 

- Traffic Safety Bureau should work with the set of model NETS guidelines for 

impaired-driving policies to ensure that companies develop effective 

workplace requirements that meet OSHA requirements. NM91 

2. COLLABORATION/INTERACTION EFFORTS 

- ** Work with Employee Assistance Program executives to obtain their input 

as to what specific steps need to be taken to ensure involvement of business 

leaders in this area. IN01 

- ** Provide technical assistance and training that permit businesses to 

identify their workplace safety needs, as well as practicable policies that 

will contribute to enhanced businesses practices. CA 

- ** The HDOH ADAD should seek an interface with the Liquor Commissions (four 

main islands), HDOT and HDOE as an initiating effort to look at the 

possibilities of centralizing or at least coordinating the EAP and employee 

wellness functions. HI 

- Involve State-level OSHA representation in the NETS program. MD 

- Encourage the GHSP grantees to include business leaders and EAP 

professionals on their advisory bodies and/or task forces. Strengthen 

business involvement in Safe Communities. NC 

- Encourage the Vermont NETS to work more closely with EAP personnel in the 

private and public sectors in order to facilitate greater information sharing 

among business and governmental leaders on the most innovative and cost 

effective approaches to prevent and reduce impaired driving. VT 

- The Missouri Division of Highway Safety should develop a coordinated 

employer traffic injury prevention program using the resources of the MO 

State Highway Patrol and the "Think First" Program. MO 

- State and local projects should work with Employee Assistance Programs in 

larger companies. MD91 

- Community programs, with assistance from the Resource Centers, should 

develop cooperative projects with local Chambers of Commerce, which can 

provide access to local resources and local policy makers. MD91 

- Provide strong leadership from the top on this issue by asking the 

Governor, legislative leaders and/or judicial branch leaders to call a 

meeting of business leaders and to directly encourage their involvement on 

this issue. IN01 

D-19
- Develop on ongoing relationship with the State Chamber of Commerce and the 

appropriate mining and manufacturing associations to explore ways that State 

agencies and private sector companies can work together. MT94 

- Major employers should be recruited to serve on committees to develop work 

place impaired-driving programs. AK 

- MDOT and other agencies should promote use of NETS and development of NETS 

coalitions, perhaps coordinated by Regional Resource Centers. MD91 

- Consider a high-level private-sector task force to provide for corporate 

support of and input into the community planning process. CA 

- Include personnel involved with employee assistance programs in prevention 

coordination efforts. OK 

- State and local projects should identify and recruit CEOs who can provide 

leadership. CA 

3. EMPLOYER/EMPLOYEE/PUBLIC AWARENESS EDUCATION 

- ** Include a broader spectrum of businesses and business leaders as part of 

the overall public awareness education program. NM 

- Continue distribution of traffic safety materials to employers. MT 

- Develop a coordinated program to provide employers with information about 

impaired-driving and traffic injury prevention and intervention programs for 

employees throughout the year. DE 

- Impaired driving prevention components should be included in all workplace 

programs in the public and private sector. VA 

- Publicize benefits of employee training in impaired-driving prevention. IL 

- Identify and provide needed impaired-driving materials for use in employee 

assistance and wellness programs. MD 

- Develop a resource library for use by employees in their EAP efforts and in 

employee wellness activities. HI 

- Include a broader spectrum of business leaders as an integral part of the 

GHSP's overall public awareness, education, and other initiatives and 

activities. NC 

- Publicize resource sharing to employees through HDOH Public Information 

Officer function. HI 

- Safe communities coalitions should continue to promote EAPs, including 

substance abuse prevention and intervention components and impaired-driving 

information. ND 

- The Oregon State Police should expand and refine the Demand Reduction Unit 

to help promote comprehensive employer programs in substance abuse prevention 

including traffic safety. OR 

- Marketing, publishing, informational, and evaluative techniques that have 

been highly refined by NETS should be shared within GOHS by means of inservice training, workshops, lunch seminars, or other methods. GA 

D-20
- Employee Assistance Programs should be encouraged to incorporate impaireddriving prevention information and activities. NC95 

- Impaired driving prevention components should be included in all employee 

programs in the public and private sector. CT93 

- The Connecticut DOT Employee Assistance Program, in conjunction with EAP 

representatives from larger private employers, should consider the 

possibility of developing and implementing appropriate mechanisms to more 

effectively share information on the successes of their EAPS with other 

employers, with employees, and with the general public. CT00 

- Impaired driving prevention components should be included in all employee 

programs in the public and private sector. WV93 

- Impaired driving prevention components should be included in all employee 

programs in the public and private sector. WI93 

- DMV should implement procedures and provide information to encourage 

employer-users of the Automated Reporting System to use information about 

employees with DUI convictions in a manner that will reduce their risk of 

continued drinking driving behaviors. OR 

- Office of Transportation Safety and ADAD should explore ways to increase 

impaired-driving prevention components in employee programs in the public and 

private sectors. CO

4. CULTURE-RELATED AWARENESS RECOMMENDATIONS 

- Develop a Spanish-language outreach effort about the consequences of 

impaired driving to be distributed by employers of non-resident, non-Englishspeaking, seasonal workers. DE 

- Assess the use of Spanish-language outreach effort regarding consequences 

of impaired driving and consider expansion to other areas. NM 

5. PROGRAMS FOR SMALL EMPLOYERS 

- ** Traffic safety programs for small employers should be developed and 

coordinated. NM95 

- Complete development of the contract for NETS programs directed at 

small companies throughout Tennessee. TN 

- Explore reaching employers with smaller numbers of employees with the 

alcohol traffic safety message. OH 

- Strengthen technical assistance and other appropriate support to the NETS 

program in order to ensure that NETS provides a more comprehensive and 

effective array of services to businesses, particularly small employers, with 

regard to supporting impaired-driving programs and initiatives. NC 

- The NETS program should continue to work toward involvement of small 

businesses and employers. NC95 

- Efforts should be made to make employee programs available to small 

employers in the private and public sectors throughout the State. WV93

D-21
- The Traffic Safety Bureau or Public Health Division should establish a 

major outreach to smaller companies since they have little time or resources 

to develop their own substance abuse and impaired-driving programs. NM91 

- Office of Transportation Safety and ADAD should produce and distribute the 

survey to smaller Colorado employers. CO 

- Efforts should be made to make Employee Assistance Programs available to 

small employers. MI 

- Efforts should be made to make employee programs available to small 

employers in the private and public sectors throughout the state. WI93 

6. YOUTH-ORIENTED EFFORTS 

- ** The Office of Traffic Safety and the Minnesota Safety Council should 

pursue continued support for the Youth in the Workplace Safety Program 

including development of a fee schedule for participating employers. MN95 

- ** Create a plan that focuses on businesses that employ the out-of-high 

school to mid-twenties age category. NM 

- Encourage NETS to focus some of its program development efforts on 

businesses that already include wellness initiatives and/or employ a large 

proportion of youth. NC 

- Continue to identify creative ways to address the issues of with regard to 

younger employees. MN03 

7. INTERACTION WITH INSURANCE INDUSTRY 

- Seek an interface with HMOs and other private entities to facilitate a 

sharing of resources. HI 

- Work with HMOs and other health plans in Maryland to garner their support 

for the dissemination of relevant information to the people covered by their 

respective plans. MD 

- GHSP should contact the Commissioner of Insurance to ascertain the 

insurance benefits afforded to programs that participate in the NETS program. 

WV 

8. PROGRAM/EFFORT EVALUATION 

- Traffic Safety Bureau or Public Health Division should evaluate the extent 

of workplace substance abuse and impaired-driving programs and policies. NM91 

 

- Identify and document the successes of model programs and policies within 

public agencies and private corporations, and direct corporate attention to 

these programs. CA 

- Gather data on efforts by public and private organizations to provide 

impaired-driving, drug and alcohol information to their employees. IL 

- The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should determine the extent of 

work place substance abuse and impaired-driving prevention programs in the 

State. AK 

D-22
- Re-examine NETS program as a tool to expand DUI activities into the private 

business sector. WV93

9. OSHA REGULATIONS 

- MI OSHA should issue regulations requiring alcohol and safety belt policies 

for business. MI 

- Traffic Safety Bureau should incorporate OSHA regulations on workplace 

traffic safety into the State Highway and Transportation Department to 

establish it as a leader in the area. NM91 

D-23
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 2D 

ALCOHOL AVAILABILITY AND SERVICE 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. DRAM SHOP LAWS/LIABILITY 

- ** Encourage the passage of Dram Shop legislation. OK 

- ** Enact comprehensive Dram Shop liability legislation. MO

- ** Enact Dram Shop laws with responsible business defense components. CA 

- ** Enact Dram Shop liability laws to enable victims of drinking drivers to 

collect damages from irresponsible alcohol servers. CA 

- ** Current limits on Dram Shop liability should be increased or eliminated 

to create the maximum deterrent to irresponsible serving practices. CT93 

- ** Enact Dram Shop statute. DE 

- ** Create a Dram Shop law for licensed sellers. VA 

- Enact Dram Shop legislation to clarify licensee, server, social host, 

legal, civil, and financial liability for injury and/or damage resulting from 

illegal or irresponsible alcohol service. WV 

- Inform victims of impaired drivers about their legal rights under Dram Shop 

statutes. MT 

- Connecticut should update its Dram Shop liability law to significantly 

increase the current inadequate limits of $20,000 per person and $50,000 per 

event. Such a change would reinforce the need for alcohol sellers and servers 

to obey the laws, increase deterrence, and reduce irresponsible selling and 

service practices. CT00 

- West Virginia should enact Dram Shop legislation to clarify licensee, 

server and social host, legal, civil, and financial liability for injury 

and/or damage resulting from illegal or irresponsible alcohol service. WV93 

- MADD and other activist groups should encourage and assist victims of 

impaired drivers to pursue Dram Shop liability actions against licensed 

outlets that serve intoxicated drivers. AZ 

- Wisconsin should adopt Dram Shop liability statute. WI93 

- The Dram Shop liability statute should be amended so that it is not applied 

in an extremely narrow fashion. Liability should apply to all providers of 

any alcoholic beverage who serve to underage or obviously intoxicated people, 

and liability should not be contingent upon a conviction or Suspended 

Imposition of Sentence for illegal sale. MO 

2. SOCIAL HOST LIABILITY LAWS 

- Enact social host liability statute. DE 

- Wisconsin should adopt social host liability statute. WI93 

- Seek provisions to allow appropriate liability to be assessed in cases of 

irresponsible alcohol service. WI93 

D-24
- Enact legislation to strengthen social host liability law. RI 

- Legislation should be passed to expand social host liability to include 

individuals under 21. MN95

3. RESTRICT ALCOHOL SALES PROMOTION AND/OR HOURS OF SALE 

- ** Restrict or eliminate alcohol marketing or promotion activities that 

promote heavy consumption (e.g., Happy Hours, Two-for-One). CA 

- ** Happy Hours and other sales promotions should be prohibited. ND 

- ** Enact legislation to prohibit or restrict promotions such as Happy Hours 

and free drinks. MT 

- Prohibit alcohol promotions such as Happy Hours, Ladies Nights, or Two-forOne. MO 

- Wisconsin should adopt provisions restricting irresponsible promotions 

(e.g., Happy Hours). WI93 

- Enact legislation to restrict alcohol promotions such as Happy Hours or 

All-You-Can-Drink. WI 

- State ABC laws should specifically prohibit special drink promotions. WV 

- Prohibit alcoholic beverage distribution promotions, including free 

distribution of alcohol. MT 

- Enact legislation providing for a closing time of 2 .a.m. for businesses 

primarily engaged in the sale of alcoholic beverages to be consistent with 

neighboring states. WV 

4. REQUIRE BEER KEG REGISTRATION 

- ** Legislation should be passed to require the registration of all beer 

kegs and recording the ID of all keg purchasers. MN95 

- ** Require registration of kegs sold at outlets. OK 

- ** Implement a beer keg registration program. MO 

- Enact keg registration statute. DE 

- Enact a keg registration law. MT 

- The State should require keg registration. TN 

- Keg registration should be extended to all bulk containers including beer 

balls. ND 

- Revise the beer keg registration statute to include all sales of kegs or 

large containers. OH 

- Label beer kegs sold for off premise consumption. OK 

- Enact State keg registration law. AK 

D-25
- Require and enforce beer keg registration. WI 

- Require keg registration. WI93 

- All beer kegs sold for off-premise consumption should be labeled with a 

registration identification number and all purchases should be recorded 

including purchaser's name. NC95 

5. PROHIBITION OF SALES TO VISIBLY INTOXICATED PATRONS 

 

- Develop and submit to the legislature a law that allows commercial vendors 

to be held civilly liable for serving alcohol to impaired people. CA 

- Review statues, regulations and related alcohol enforcement practices to 

determine their adequacy, particularly in relation to penalties for service 

or sale of alcohol to visibly intoxicated individuals. NC 

6. PRIVATE CLUBS 

- The Private Club license category should be eliminated and replaced by 

categories of "on-premise beer," "on-premise liquor," and "on-premise wine." 

The statues can be clarified to provide licensees selling alcohol in 

privately owned bars or restaurants normal protection from undue search by 

police. WV93

- The private club license category should be eliminated and replaced by 

categories of on-premise beer, on-premise liquor, and on-premise wine. WV 

7. PLACEMENT OF ALCOHOL OUTLETS 

- ** Concerned citizens and highway safety groups should become more involved 

in the process of approving and locating licensed alcohol outlets through 

direct comment or through municipal or county governments -- outlets should 

not be in areas that will attract young people or inhibit monitoring of 

service. AZ 

- Texas should establish a formula for permitting a reasonable number of 

outlets for alcohol in any given community. Such a formula should consider 

population density as well as transportation concerns. TX 

- University administrators should take an aggressive role in ensuring 

monitoring and enforcement of all liquor control regulations at outlets 

located adjacent to campuses. AZ 

- Residents of Indian reservations and adjacent communities should be 

encouraged to take an aggressive role to ensure the monitoring and 

enforcement of all liquor control regulations at outlets in their 

communities. AZ 

- Encourage local governments to solicit participation of traffic safety and 

alcohol abuse agencies in consideration of Conditional Use Permits to assure 

consideration of public health and safety concerns in the placement and 

operation of licensed alcohol outlets. CA 

 

8. ALCOHOL TAX REVENUE ALLOCATION 

- ** Restructure the alcohol beverage tax based on alcohol content with a 

rate equal to the current rate of $5.00/gallon of ethanol for distilled 

D-26
spirits. A portion of the resulting increased tax revenue would be dedicated 

to alcohol-abuse and impaired-driving programs. MO 

- ** Increase the privilege tax on beer by $.05/gal and allocate the 

resulting revenues to alcohol and substance abuse and impaired-driving 

prevention programs. OR 

- ** Restructure the State alcohol beverage tax to equalize the tax based on 

alcohol content and index the tax rate to the Consumer Price Index. CA

- ** Eliminate the inclusion of purchase of alcohol as a tax-deductible 

business expense. CA 

- ** The State alcohol beverage tax should be restructured to equalize the 

tax based on alcohol content and index the tax rate to the CPI. This would 

assure that alcoholic beverages remain at fair market price while tax 

collections are maximized. AZ 

- ** Increase the State excise tax on beer to a level equivalent to the 

national average and dedicate revenue to science-based impaired-driving and 

alcohol abuse prevention program. WI 

- ** The State alcohol beverage tax should be restructured to equalize the 

tax based on alcohol content. TX 

- ** The State alcohol tax should be based on ethanol (alcohol) content with 

rate set to the equivalent rate for ethanol in distilled spirits. ND 

- ** The State should impose a 5 percent surcharge on beer (as it already 

does on liquor and wine) and portion of the surcharge should be used for DUI 

prevention, enforcement, and treatment. WV 

- ** Disperse to the counties 100 percent of the driver license reinstatement 

fee to fund local drinking-and-driving-prevention programs. MT 

- Some portion of gained revenue should be dedicated to impaired-driving 

prevention and substance abuse prevention and treatment. ND 

- The ABCC should review license charges for the sale of all alcoholic 

beverages to determine if the license fees should be revised. WV 

 

- Enact legislation to dedicate surcharges collected on the sale of beer to 

DUI education, enforcement, and prosecution efforts. WV 

- Maryland should equalize tax rates on all alcoholic beverages based on 

ethanol content, provide for indexing tax rates, and work with surrounding 

States and the District of Columbia to reach comparability in tax rates. MD91 

- Revenue collected through the alcohol sales tax process should be 

designated solely for treatment of people with alcohol abuse problems. MI 

- The State excise tax on alcoholic beverages should be equalized with the 

current rate for the ethanol in distilled spirits. These revenues should be 

used to underwrite health care costs related to alcohol and substance abuse 

and traffic injuries. CT93

- Alcohol beverage excise tax structure should be revised to provide 

equitable tax rates on all beverages and to raise the tax on beer and wine to 

a rate equivalent to the tax on distilled spirits. NC95 

D-27
- New revenues resulting from equalization should be dedicated to alcohol 

abuse and impaired-driving countermeasures. NC95 

9. PROGRAMS/LEGISLATION TO CONTROL ALCOHOL SALE/SERVICE TO THOSE UNDER 21 

- ** Continue and potentially increase funding to Indiana Coalition to Reduce 

Underage Drinking and other relevant statewide and local coalitions to 

support both State level and local initiatives to plan and implement Alcohol 

Compliance Checks and similar effective strategies that enforce current laws 

and reduce alcohol availability to youth. IN01 

- ** Expand public discussion related to alcohol availability at sites that 

primarily serve youth and families. Discussions should occur as to how to 

reduce alcohol promotion at many such venues that include children and from 

which many people must drive home. IN01 

- ** Change the code to allow for revocation of the license of servers who 

serve to underage drinkers. AK 

- ** Repeal the section of law that allows people under 21 to drink alcohol 

in licensed establishments when accompanied by a parent, guardian, or spouse 

over 21. WI 

- ** Laws related to underage drinking should be made consistent in their 

prohibition of drinking. These laws include: purchase and consumption while 

with parents, the Not a Drop law which excludes 19-20-year-olds, protection 

from liability in cases of deaths resulting from illegal service to 18-20-

year-olds. WI93 

- ** Alcohol sales to underage youth would likely be reduced if Connecticut 

were to implement recommended legislation requiring mandatory annual 

compliance checks and mandatory training for all alcohol sellers and servers. 

CT00 

- ** The ILCC should vigorously enforce regulations against alcohol sellers 

who violate sales to minor laws even when no criminal charges are filed. IL 

- ** The State should encourage underage compliance checks. TN 

- ** Require that the sale of 3.2 beer be regulated by ABLE. OK 

- Increase penalties for minors who are arrested for buying liquor. HI 

 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau or the Alcohol and Gaming Division should 

evaluate the incidence of drive-up windows serving alcohol to underage and/or 

intoxicated individuals; if this is the case, results should be widely 

publicized. TSB should either promote the targeting of these establishments 

by ABC enforcement agents or cooperate with other agencies to recommend 

legislation outlawing drive-through-window sales. NM91 

 

- Enforcement of laws prohibiting underage purchase of alcohol should target 

youth who attempt to purchase alcohol as well as those who sell alcohol to 

them. Enforcement should be sufficiently consistent and visible (by means of 

PI&E) as to have a measurable deterrent effect. GA 

- Expand the number of compliance checks conducted across the State in order 

to reduce alcohol sales and/or service to underaged customers. Implement 

joint training and/or memoranda of understanding among ALE and local LE 

D-28
agencies in order to expand collaboration related to conducting compliance 

checks and preventing underage sales to youth and/or to intoxicated people. 

NC 

- Enact legislation to prohibit entry of underage people into any 

establishment whose primary purpose is the sale of alcoholic beverages. WV 

- The "Abuse and Lose" law should be amended to include licensing sanctions 

for any and all possession of alcohol or other drugs by minors. MO 

- The Minor-in-Possession law should be amended to include possession by 

consumption. MO 

- Eliminate the service of alcohol to people under 21 on licensed premises 

under any circumstances. WI93 

- Continue and potentially expand cooperative efforts with Indiana Excise 

Police and other relevant enforcement agencies to reduce alcohol sales and 

availability to youth. IN01 

- Individuals under 21 should not be permitted in establishments serving 

alcohol unless accompanied by a parent or legal guardian. Consideration can 

be given to young people buying meals in restaurants and to providing 

segregated non-alcohol sections in some establishments. WV93 

- Programs such as Cops in Shops should be expanded to locations throughout 

the state. NC95 

- Continue the use of Cops in Shops Program. OK 

- Continue the use of stings. OK 

- Increase enforcement of underage drinking violations and the purchase of 

alcohol by adults for minors. AK 

10. MANDATORY TRAINING FOR SELLERS/SERVERS (INCLUDING RECERTIFICATION) 

- ** Connecticut should implement legislation and/or regulations that require 

mandatory annual compliance checks and mandatory training for all alcohol 

sellers and servers. Such a change would be likely to significantly reduce 

alcohol sales to underage customers. CT00 

- ** Texas should require the owners/managers of establishments serving 

alcohol to receive server training and require a trained supervisor to be 

present in the establishment when alcohol is being served. TX 

- ** Require all owners of retail alcohol businesses who serve or sell to 

complete a minimum amount of training before they can serve and/or sell 

alcohol; in addition, implement similar requirements of at least one hour of 

training for all staff who serve or sell alcohol. NC 

- Establish mandatory server training of all employees of establishments 

licensed to serve alcohol. MO 

- Enact legislation that would require mandatory server training. MT 

- The State should require server training for employees of establishments 

with beer permits. TN 

D-29
- Require all employees of permit holders to complete server training. OH 

- All servers should have a minimum level of training in alcohol awareness 

and be certified as a level two server within 30 days of employment. They 

should be recertified every three years. MD 

- Mandate responsible server training for all servers on- and off-premise to 

be paid for by the server or the employer. RI 

- All trained servers should attend training for recertification at least 

once every three years. MD91 

- Server training should be made mandatory for all licensees and a part of 

the enforcement function of the MI Liquor Control Commission. MI 

- Require server training in all licensed establishments and make it a 

requirement for renewal of license. MT94 

- Participation in the TEAM program should be mandatory for all servers and 

sellers in West Virginia. WV 

- The terms and conditions of the license should include trained servers and 

close management controls for any special use permits. CA 

- Promote server training programs. OK 

- Regulate mandatory TIPS training for a minimum of one supervisor and/or 

manager of an establishment that serves alcoholic beverages for on-premises 

consumption. VA 

11. AGE OF ALCOHOL SERVERS 

- ** Raise the age of alcohol servers to 21. MI 

- Enact a law and/or regulation that would require all alcohol sellers and 

servers to be at least 21 years of age. VT 

12. INCENTIVES FOR TRAINING 

- ** Incentives should be established for permit holders who voluntarily 

provide server training to employees. Incentives could include insurance 

discounts, reduced permit fees, or limited liability under Dram Shop. CT93 

- ** GOHS should work with appropriate State agencies to create incentives 

for all alcohol servers to receive training (e.g., liability insurance 

discounts or favorable licensing status). AZ 

- ** Strong incentives should be developed to encourage both management and 

servers to voluntarily seek training on other alcohol and drug issues. CA 

- ** Incentives such as insurance discounts, reduced fees, or limits on 

liability should be used to encourage alcohol beverage retailers to 

participate in server training. GA 

- State insurance law should allow insurance incentives for establishments 

with training for at least 50 percent of its employees. MD91 

- Incentives such as insurance premium reduction should be offered to 

licensees who have all employees trained. TX 

D-30
- Incentives should be established for permit holders who voluntarily provide 

server training to employees. Incentives could include insurance discounts, 

reduced permit fees, or limited liability under Dram Shop laws. CO 

- Incentives should be established for permit holders who voluntarily provide 

server training to employees. Incentives could include insurance discounts, 

reduced permit fees, or limited liability under Dram Shop laws. WV93 

13. REQUIRE AT LEAST ONE CERTIFIED TRAINED SERVER ON SITE AT ALL TIMES 

- ** Require all licensed package stores to have at least one certified, 

trained server on-site at all times alcohol is being sold. OR 

- Law requiring server training should be expanded to ensure that at least 

one trained server is on duty at all times. MD91 

- At least one certified person employed in a supervisory capacity (as 

designated by the licensee) should be present during the hours alcohol may be 

sold. Supervisory servers/sellers should be recertified every three years. MD 

- All retail sales establishments should be required by law to have at least 

one trained server on duty at all times. NC95

14. CONTENT OF ALCOHOL SERVER/SELLER TRAINING 

- ** Convene a work group of server training providers, enforcement 

personnel, traffic safety professionals, and licensees to identify core 

elements of server training in order to make recommendations as to course 

content and duration. MN03 

- Expand focus beyond the server level to the management level to emphasize 

the benefits (positive public relations) that can accrue to businesses that 

endorse and exercise responsible serving. CA 

15. TRAINING IN IDENTIFICATION OF MINORS 

- ** Training on minor identification issues should be mandatory for all 

management and servers. CA 

- Develop server training, addressing sales to minors, false ID and other 

issues, for employees of licensed package stores. OR 

16. TRAINING STANDARDS/UNIFORMITY FOR SELLERS/SERVERS

- Develop statewide training standards for management and servers. CA

- Standards and criteria should be developed by the Governor's DUI Task Force 

to define who should be trained and how much in each site. MT94 

- Develop strategies to foster that training, practice, and enforcement is 

uniform from county to county. MD 

- Evaluate current alcohol training practices for alcohol sellers and servers 

to ensure that the effectiveness of the training is adequate, particularly 

training provided by business owners or managers to their own employees. VT 

- Establish a process to review servertraining programs. MI 

D-31
17. LICENSEE SANCTIONS 

- ** Licensees who have documented failures to comply with existing laws 

should be specifically targeted to receive training. CA 

- ** The Alcohol and Gaming Division should promote legislation or enact 

policies to provide server certificate suspension or revocation for 

violations of alcohol control laws or prescribed server practices. NM95 

- Licensees should not be immune to sanctions based on having trained 

servers. TX 

- Until the two-tiered system is in place, regulators should give some 

consideration on their first violation (i.e., reduced fines) to those 

establishments that train their staffs. After the two-tiered system is in 

place, establishments that exceed the server training requirements should 

still get some consideration. MD 

- The ABCC should clearly define regulations establishing criteria for 

revoking the licenses of businesses that appear to blatantly disregard State 

ABC laws. WV 

- The Resource Center on Impaired Driving should provide information to 

community organizations and individuals regarding statutes and rules that can 

be used to influence licensing and bring sanctions against establishments 

involved in irresponsible alcohol service. WI93

18. ALCOHOL ADVERSTISING 

- The blood alcohol calculation poster, currently required in all licensed 

outlets, should be removed immediately. These should be replaced with posters 

stating that alcohol is a drug which causes impaired motor ability and 

judgment needed for safe operation of a motor vehicle; can cause serious 

birth defects when consumed by pregnant women; and can lead to dependence, 

addiction, and other serious health problems when consumed to excess. WV93 

- West Virginia ABC Law statutes related to restrictions on deceptive 

advertising should be enforced. Citizen activist groups should be encouraged 

to file complaints against licensees displaying deceptive advertising. WV93 

- West Virginia ABC Law should be revised to eliminate the term "Nonintoxicating Beer" and replacing it with "Beer." WV93 

19. ENHANCE ABC ENFORCEMENT (STAFFING) 

- ** Increase the size of the investigative staff of ABC. AK 

- ** Substantially increase the size of the ALE staff and resources to 

perform its functions. NC 

- Connecticut should review and expand the personnel resources available to 

the Liquor Control Division especially for those positions responsible for 

the monitoring and enforcement of the existing laws. CT00 

20. ENHANCE ABC ENFORCEMENT (ORGANIZATION) 

- Maryland should establish a State-level alcohol beverage control agency. 

MD91 

D-32
- Establish adequate alcohol control inspection, investigation, and oversight 

capability at the State level. RI 

- Establish an ongoing dialogue with the Hawaii DOH, DOE, MADD, and DOT 

organizations for an exchange of information so that resources can be used 

more globally and effectively. HI 

21. ENHANCE ABC ENFORCEMENT (ADEQUATE RESOURCES) 

- ** Assure that there are adequate ABC resources to perform training and 

enforcement functions. CA 

- Provide adequate funding for sufficient enforcement of ABC laws and 

regulations. VA 

- Colorado should provide resources for additional liquor law enforcement. CO 

- Provide adequate resources for monitoring and enforcement of licensed 

beverage sales regulations. CA 

- The powers of Liquor Control enforcement agents should be expanded to 

include police arrest powers. CT00 

22. ABC ENFORCEMENT (TRAINING) 

- ** Provide training to all local law enforcement agencies on enforcement of 

liquor laws and proper reporting of liquor license violations to the Liquor 

Control Commission. OH 

- ** Provide increased training to local and other law enforcement personnel 

and encourage them to collaborate with ALE personnel in the enforcement of 

alcohol control laws and regulations. NC 

- The ABCC should review the education and enforcement activity of its 44 

inspectors with a view to increasing compliance with ABC regulations by both 

licenses and patrons. WV 

- Provide adequate resources to provide training to all licensed alcohol 

servers. CA 

- Wisconsin Alcohol and Tobacco Enforcement Section should expand its 

training program for local police to encourage greater local enforcement of 

ABC laws. WI 93 

23. ABC ENFORCEMENT (APPROACH) 

- Enforcement of State and local ABC laws should be active rather than 

passive; e.g., Georgia could set its own requirements for licensure, rather 

than issuing licenses solely on the basis of satisfying local requirements, 

and cancellation of licenses should not depend solely upon citizen 

complaints. GA 

24. REVIEW/EXAMINATION OF ABC LAWS/ENFORCEMENT 

- ** Convene a multi-agency ABC Law Review Commission to review West 

Virginia's laws, policies, and other factors related to alcohol availability. 

The Commission should review and evaluate all elements of the ABC law and 

D-33
recommend revisions based on considerations of public health and safety as 

well as fair business practice. The Commission should strive for compliance 

with recommendations of a 1989 U.S. Surgeon General's Workshop on Drunk 

Driving. 

WV93 

- ** The Governor's DUI Task Force should examine the problems of liquor law 

enforcement and propose solutions. MT94 

- ** Establish a task force with representatives from business, public 

health, alcohol and substance abuse treatment and prevention, law 

enforcement, and traffic safety to conduct a thorough review of all laws and 

regulations related to the sale of alcohol and make recommendations for 

changes to create a balance between business interests and public health and 

safety. WI 

- ** TX should conduct (by a multi-agency commission) a comprehensive review 

of the overall ABC law from the perspective of public health as well as 

creating a fair business practice atmosphere. TX 

- ** Wisconsin's ABC laws and enforcement procedures should be reviewed and 

revised to allow a greater balance between business operations and public 

safety and health. WI93 

- ** Legislature should review West Virginia's laws regarding alcohol sales 

and penalties associated with violations of such laws. WV 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau, DOH, and the Alcohol and Gaming Division should 

provide support for a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of recent 

policy changes allowing wholesale sale of alcohol to tribes. NM95 

- The recommended Governor's Commission on Alcohol and Traffic Safety should 

review Connecticut's Liquor Control Laws and other factors related to alcohol 

availability and consider the recommendations of the 1989 Surgeon General's 

Workshop on Drunk Driving. CT93 

25. STATE/LOCAL/COMMUNITY ABC POLICY/ENFORCEMENT COOPERATION, COORDINATION, 

CONSISTENCY 

- ** Investigate whether State government should partner more aggressively 

with local authorities in compliance checks and setting assessments of fines. 

MN03 

- ** Georgia needs an alcohol control policy that sets minimum standards for 

the regulation of alcohol sales in its 159 counties. This policy should 

include provisions for licensure, regulations, and enforcement. GA 

- ** Develop strategies to make State laws, practices, and training uniform 

from county to county. HI 

- ** Increase collaboration between local Alcohol Control Boards and CTSPs. 

MD

- The ADAA, Governor's Substance Abuse Commission and other State and local 

impaired driver agencies should support legislation to restructure alcohol 

control laws to attain greater consistency among counties. MD91 

D-34
- Consider State support of communication among local responsible beverage 

service coalitions, and encourage common standards through the development of 

a coalition network. CA 

- The traffic safety community in New Mexico should continue to pursue 

legislation to eliminate alcohol sales through drive-up windows. NM95 

D-35
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 2E 

TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES 

(** Priority Recommendations)

1. PROMOTE/CONTINUE/EXPAND DESIGNATED DRIVER/SAFE RIDE ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS. 

- ** Continue with existing activities and programs, including Keoki Kool 

(designated drivers). HI 

- Continue to promote and publicize transportation alternatives. IL 

- Include designated driver and safe ride programs in comprehensive DUI and 

alcohol abuse prevention programs. MT 

 

- HDOT should support buses, vanpools, taxis, tourist trams and other 

alternative transportation resources on all islands to reduce both DUI and 

traffic congestion. HI 

- Promote implementation of the Designated Driver program in restaurants and 

bars. OK 

- Continue the Office of Traffic Safety support of partners in promoting 

messages that suggest ways to keep the drinking driver from behind the 

steering wheel. MN03 

- Continue to promote alternative transportation programs for impaired 

drivers in a manner that assures responsible service and promotes moderation 

in alcohol consumption by drivers as well as non-driving patrons. OR 

- Office of Transportation Safety should encourage efforts to expand 

alternative transportation programs in additional areas of the State. CO 

- The ride program with cab companies should be expanded. AK 

- Alternatives such as the Designated Driver program should become a part of 

the comprehensive prevention plan. AK 

- Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided. VA 

- Continue to provide Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs. CT00 

- Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided. 

WV93 

- Due to lack of public transportation, it is essential that transportation 

safety officials pay particular attention to establishing a good system of 

alternative transportation. The State and community groups should expand 

public information and knowledge about the value and availability of Safe 

Ride programs and the importance of the Designated Driver concept. NM91 

- The County DUI Task Forces should look for innovative ways to address the 

lack of alternative transportation in rural areas and determine if increased 

emphasis on other aspects and strategies for county DUI intervention would be 

effective. MT94 

D-36
- Arizona must monitor and enforce liquor control regulations regarding 

service to intoxicated individuals because alternative transportation is not 

available in most of the State. AZ 

- Encourage the owners of bars and restaurants that serve alcohol, as well as 

individuals who serve alcohol in their homes, to ensure that anyone who 

leaves their business or home after drinking is provided with safe 

transportation. IN01

2. DESIGNATED DRIVER PROGRAMS SHOULD DISCOURAGE UNDERAGE DRINKING: 

- ** Include clear messages discouraging underage drinking in all Designated 

Driver programs. DE 

- ** Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote drinking by those under 21. 

WI93 

- ** Assure that all Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs are designed to 

prohibit participation by those who are underage. MT 

- Designated Driver programs should not be promoted for underage drinkers. ND 

- Include clear messages in all Designated Driver programs discouraging 

underage drinking. OH 

- Designated Driver programs should not be directed at individuals under 

21. TN 

- Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote drinking by those under 21. 

VA 

- Designated Ddriver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote drinking by those under 21. 

CT00

- Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote drinking by those under 21. 

WV93 

- Expand Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs to assure that they do not 

promote drinking by people under 21. MI 

- All Designated Driver programs should include clear messages discouraging 

underage drinking. MO 

- Where safe drinking programs are established for high schools, care should 

be taken to deliver the message that underage drinking is illegal and is not 

endorsed. CA 

- The Office of Traffic Safety should ensure that Designated Driver and Safe 

Ride programs are designed so they do not promote drinking by those under 21. 

MN95

- Assure that all Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs are designed to 

prohibit participation by underage drinkers. RI

D-37
- Designated driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote drinking by those under 21. 

CT93 

3. DISCOURAGE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BY DESIGNATED DRIVERS AND OVER-CONSUMPTION 

BY PASSENGERS: 

- ** Prevention programs with Designated Driver components should be 

coordinated to assure that they include information and procedures to inhibit 

excessive drinking and alcohol abuse. NC95 

- ** Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote excessive consumption. WI93 

- ** Include messages discouraging any consumption by the designated driver 

and discouraging over-consumption by passengers. DE 

- ** Assure that all Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs are designed to 

discourage over-consumption. MT 

- ** Work with Federal, State, county and municipal parks and recreation 

departments to reduce or eliminate consumption of alcohol at public 

facilities. AZ 

- Sports events and other events where alcohol is served should comply with 

policies that reduce the chance of impaired-driving; policies could include a 

limit on the number of drinks sold to an individual; cessation of alcohol 

sales at least one hour prior to the end of the event; restriction on 

bringing alcohol into the event and procedures for dealing with impaired 

individuals to assure they do not drive. AZ 

- Designated driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote excess consumption by nondrivers. TX 

- In designing and implementing Designated Driver projects, caution should be 

used to avoid inadvertent (or deliberate) subtle "OK to get drunk" messages. 

MD91 

- Eliminate the components of Safe Ride programs that provide rides to or 

between bars or taverns. WI 

- Expand Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs to assure that they do not 

promote drinking by designated drivers or excess consumption by non-drivers 

of any age. MI

- Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote excess consumption by nondrivers of any age. CT93 

- Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should be monitored to assure that 

they do not enable excessive consumption of alcohol. NM95 

- In designing and implementing Designated Driver programs, caution should be 

used to avoid inadvertent "it's OK to get drunk" messages. NM91 

- Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote drinking or excess 

consumption by non-drivers of any age. CT00 

D-38
- Designated driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote drinking or excess 

consumption by non-drivers of any age. WV93 

- All Designated Driver programs should include clear messages discouraging 

over-consumption at any age. MO 

- The Office of Traffic Safety should ensure that Designated Driver and Safe 

Ride programs are designed so they do not promote over-consumption by nondrivers of any age. MN95 

- Assure that all Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs are designed to 

discourage over-consumption. RI 

- All Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs should be designed and 

implemented to assure the drivers do not drink and that passengers not 

be enabled to drink excessively. TN 

- In designing and implementing Designated Driver projects, caution should be 

used to avoid inadvertent (or deliberate) subtle "OK to get drunk" messages. 

CA 

- Include clear messages in all Designated Driver programs discouraging overconsumption at any age. OH 

- Designated driver and Safe Ride programs should continue to be provided 

with efforts to assure that they do not promote excess consumption by nondrivers of any age. VA 

4. INCLUDE INFORMATION REGARDING THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL 

CONSUMPTION: 

- ** Assure that all Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs are designed to 

include health risk information. MT 

- All Designated Driver programs should be designed to include information 

about the health consequences of acute intoxication and heavy consumption of 

alcohol. ND 

- Alternative transportation programs should provide all clients with 

materials related to impaired driving and the health risks associated with 

irresponsible drinking. NM95 

- Alternative transportation programs should provide all clients with 

materials related to impaired driving and the health risks associated with 

irresponsible drinking. WI93 

- Assure that all Designated Driver and Safe Ride programs are designed to 

include health risk information. RI 

5. ENHANCE EDUCATION REGARDING SAFE TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES: 

- Information material should be provided to Safe Ride program drivers for 

distribution to customers and to establishments they serve. NC95 

- Safe Ride program drivers should be provided training on alcohol abuse 

issues to assure sensitivity to the needs of customers. NC95 

D-39
- Enhance education of the owners of retail establishments that serve 

alcohol, as well as individuals who serve alcohol in their homes, to ensure 

safe transportation for anyone who leaves their business or home in order to 

prevent any criminal or civil lawsuits related to the death or injury of 

impaired or underage drinkers. VT

- Enhance education for the owners of retail establishments that serve 

alcohol, as well as for individuals who serve alcohol in their homes. This 

helps to ensure safe transportation for anyone who leaves their business or 

home and avoid the possibility of criminal or civil lawsuits that might 

result from their provision of alcohol to visibly intoxicated individuals or 

to people under 21. NC 

6. COMMUNITY ACTIVITY/PARTICIPATION RE TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES: 

- ** Convene a forum where leaders of community DWI groups, media 

representatives, and other prevention coalitions discuss the current status, 

future implementation, and replication of viable transportation alternatives. 

NM 

- Convene a task force or meeting of interested organizations holding a 

variety of perspectives (e.g., alcohol beverage retailers; MADD) to discuss 

development of viable Designated Driver, Safe Ride and/or other alternative 

transportation programs that enable impaired individuals to safely reach 

their destinations without driving after drinking. NC 

- The GHSP should foster its Safe Communities programs to work with schoolparent groups and local businesses to develop programs that target the needs 

and resources of their communities. WV 

- TEAM Georgia and other organizations offering transportation alternatives 

should be encouraged to work with school safety clubs to discourage underage 

drinking. GA 

- TEAM Georgia and other organizations offering transportation alternatives 

should be encouraged to work with alcohol beverage retailers to discourage 

underage drinking. GA 

- Request that Safe Communities programs and CTSP coordinators work with 

businesses in their catchment areas to develop programs that target the 

unique needs and resources of their communities. MD 

- Representatives from each island who have a direct investment in insuring 

that impaired drivers are given opportunities for safe transportation should 

coalesce to insure uniformity and/or similar opportunity for said drivers, no 

matter what island they are on. HI 

7. EVALUATE SAFE RIDE ALTERNATIVES: 

- ** Evaluate Safe Ride programs to determine their effects on impaired 

driving as well as secondary effects such as alcohol-related injuries or 

illnesses resulting from acute intoxication and/or chronic alcohol use. WI 

8. WEB SITE DEVELOPMENT: 

- A highway safety Web site should be developed and could contain information 

for citizens interested in developing alternative or Designated Driver 

programs. MD 

D-40
- The GHSP should support the development of a highway safety Internet Web 

site that should contain important how-to information for citizens interested 

in developing alternative transportation programs. WV 

9. REQUIREMENT TO PROVIDE SAFE ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION 

 

** As a condition of obtaining a license to serve alcohol, including "oneday" or special permits, organizations should be required to develop a 

specific plan, submit it to Alcohol and Gaming Division, and provide 

transportation for individuals who are impaired. NM91 

D-41
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 3A 

LAWS TO DETER IMPAIRED DRIVING 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

 

1. ENACT/AMEND/CONTINUE 0.08 BAC LAWS 

- ** Enact legislation to set per se DUI offense BAC level at 0.08 for both 

substantive DUI offenses and ALR revocation purposes. DE 

- ** Enact a per se law of 0.08 BAC. OH 

- ** Review existing separate DUI and DWI laws with regards to integrating 

them into a single omnibus statute and using the 0.08% threshold as the basis 

for proof of guilt by establishing either that the accused drove or had 

physical control with an unlawful blood alcohol level of 0.08% or more or 

that the accused was impaired irrespective of proof of a particular blood 

alcohol level. TN 

- ** Enact legislation to lower the per se BAC level to 0.08. GA 

- ** Enact legislation establishing an alcohol concentration of .08 or higher 

as under the influence "per se." IL 

- ** Enact a 0.08 alcohol concentration as the presumptive standard for being 

under the influence of alcohol. MT 

- ** Implement a 0.08 per se violation. Retain the .07 prima facie violation 

to retain conviction and sentencing options. This implementation will also 

result in some additional Federal funding being available for Maryland 

programs. MD 

- ** Enact 0.08 BAC legislation. MT 

- ** Enact 0.08 legislation to provide additional tools for law enforcement 

officers to use in their efforts to remove impaired drivers from North Dakota 

roadways. ND 

- ** A BAC level of 0.08% should be statutorily adopted for all adult DWI 

offenses. NM91 

- ** Enact legislation to set the per se BAC level at 0.08 for criminal and 

administrative sanction. CT93 

- ** Amend the 0.08 BAC law making DUI a Class A misdemeanor and repeal the 

"endangerment element." IN01 

- ** Enact legislation to set per se alcohol concentration level .08. MN95 

- ** Enact legislation to set the per se alcohol concentration level for 

people 21 or over at .08. MN03 

- ** Enact legislation which establishes the 0.08% BAC as the presumptive 

legal limit for operating a vehicle with an excessive BAC. MO 

- ** Enact 0.08 BAC as the presumptive standard of being under the influence 

of alcohol in criminal DUI cases. RI 

E-1
- ** Michigan should lower the blood alcohol level necessary to convict for 

Unlawful Bodily Alcohol Content (UBAC) to 0.08. MI 

- ** Reduce the illegal "per se" BAC level to 0.08% because the overwhelming 

body of research has established that driving performance is impaired and 

crash risk is substantially increased at that level. AZ 

- ** Enact 0.08 Per Se BAC level and give the arresting officer the choice of 

blood or breath test, or both. AK 

- ** Enact legislation to reduce the current .10 statutory BAC to 0.08. WI 

- ** Seek legislation to lower the per se BAC limit to 0.08. TX 

- ** Apply the 0.08 BAC standard across the board. WI93 

- Continue efforts to lower the blood alcohol level needed to convict under 

the DUI laws from .10 to 0.08 and to lower the Administrative Per Se law to 

0.08 as well. CO 

- Establish an alcohol concentration of 0.08 as the illegal per se level. OK 

- Enact legislation to set the per se BAC level at 0.08 for criminal and 

administrative sanctions. CT00 

- Recommend enactment of 0.08 per se BAC level. MT94 

- Remove the below .05 BAC inference reference impairment. MT94 

- Lower the per se BAC level to 0.08. VA 

- TN's DUI/DWI laws should be amended to create a true 0.08% per se law in 

order to comply with the TEA-21 and the TEA-21 Restoration Act. TN 

- Establish 0.08 or higher BAC as rebuttable presumption of intoxication. HI 

- Enact legislation establishing a 0.08% per se intoxication. WV 

- Support the passage of the 0.08 per se law. IL 

- Enact 0.08 legislation. DE 

2. ENACT/CONTINUE/AMEND OPEN CONTAINER LAWS 

- ** Enact an Open Container statute that complies with the requirements of 

Section 154 under TEA-21. VT 

- ** Enact legislation to expand the Open Container law to include all people 

in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. GA 

 

- ** Implement a statewide uniform Open Container law prohibiting open 

containers of alcohol in the passenger compartment of the vehicle. MD 

- ** The North Carolina General Assembly should retain in full force and 

effect the existing Open Container law. NC 

- ** Enact an Open Container law covering both vehicle operators and 

passengers. WV 

E-2
- ** Enact Open Container legislation. MT 

 

- ** North Carolina should take the next step and prohibit all open 

containers of alcohol in vehicles. NC95 

- ** Amend the Open Container law to allow for convictions if there is an 

open container of alcohol anywhere in the vehicle while it is in operation. 

IN01 

- ** Enact a statewide Open Container statute. WV93 

- ** Enact prohibition of open alcoholic containers in motor vehicles on 

public ways. MT94 

- ** The Open Container violation should be identified as an alcohol-related 

traffic offense. Further, the definition of the offense should be expanded to 

include possession of an open container within the passenger compartment of 

the vehicle. MO 

- ** Ban open containers of alcohol from motor vehicles. CO 

- Prohibit open alcohol containers and consumption of alcoholic beverages by 

any people in a motor vehicle. AZ 

- An Open Container law is needed that is enforceable and applies to the 

entire driver and passenger compartment of the vehicle. TX 

- Prohibit open containers and the consumption of alcohol in motor vehicles 

within the uniform traffic code. OK 

- Modify the Open Container law to prohibit any open container of alcoholic 

beverage within the passenger compartment of all vehicles. CT93 

- Enact an Open Container law that prohibits any open container of alcoholic 

beverage within the passenger compartment of all vehicles. CT00 

- Support passage of a statewide Open Container law. WV 

 

- Enact Open Container legislation. DE 

- Support passage of a statewide Open Container law that pertains to drivers 

and passengers in both parked and moving vehicles. MD

- Expand Open Container law to include all people in the passenger 

compartment of the vehicle (no open alcoholic container in the vehicle). VA 

- State's Open Container act should be made applicable to passengers as well 

as drivers in order to comply with TEA-21/TEA-21 Restoration Act. TN 

- Enact an Open Container law. MT 

- Support renewal of the State's existing effective Open Container law. NC 

3. AMEND/STRENGTHEN IMPLIED CONSENT PROVISIONS 

- ** The implied consent law is being largely ignored resulting in refusal of 

59 percent of second offenders to take the approved chemical test. The 

implied consent law should be amended to provide for a suspension penalty 

that is greater than the revocation penalty that is imposed upon conviction 

E-3
for the substantive offense of DUI/DWI. This would remove the incentive to 

refuse, as the defendant would find himself in a less advantageous position 

if he refuses, as opposed to a more advantageous position. TN 

- ** The implied consent law should be revised to give law enforcement 

officers authority to require a second test and to allow the use of PBT 

devices to determine probable cause. TN 

- ** The arresting officer should be allowed to choose a second test (blood 

or urine) when the breath test shows that the impaired subject is not under 

the influence of alcohol. Refusal would initiate implied consent sanctions. 

CT93 

- ** Revise the DUI statues to allow taking of blood and urine samples under 

the implied consent law. OR 

- Seek legislation to allow probable cause arrests for impaired-driving 

offenses. MI 

- Change the implied consent statutes to allow for more than one test if 

requested by the arresting officer and to allow for specific tests related to 

the detection of other drugs. WV93 

- Apply the Implied Consent provisions to drug only cases and allow the use 

of PBT test devices. MT94 

- Change the implied consent statutes to allow the officer the choice of 

test. Expand the choices to include urine, along with blood and breath. The 

BAC should be determined at the time of the test in order to eliminate the 

relation-back extrapolation problems that currently exist. The statutes 

should specifically authorize the use of the infrared breath-testing devices. 

Refusal to test should be admissible in DUI proceedings. VA 

- The implied consent law should be administered through the DOS as an 

administrative process. TN 

 

- Seek legislation that would give law enforcement officers the choice of 

alcohol/drug testing method (blood/breath/urine) in all instances. HI

 

- The implied consent requirements need to be amended to allow for the PBT to 

be used as probable cause without jeopardizing the use of the Intoxilyzer 

5000 as the evidentiary BAC instrument. HI 

4. ENACT/REVISE ILLEGAL PER SE LAW FOR DRIVERS UNDER AGE OF 21 

- ** Adopt a zero tolerance for drivers under 21. WV93 

- ** Enact "zero tolerance" BAC provisions for minors. MT94 

- ** Recommendations in Montana Minors in Possession Task Force Report is 

endorsed by this Technical Assessment Team with special emphasis on the 

provisions for assessment and treatment for the repeat minor in possession 

offender. MT94 

- ** Enact legislation to set the per se alcohol concentration level of 0.04 

for people under 21 and make it an enhancing event. MN03 

- ** Make it illegal for a person under 21 to drive with any measurable 

amount of alcohol. OK 

E-4
- ** Renumber the Not a Drop law and include it in the State's traffic laws. 

(Not a Drop is an illegal per se for those under 21 to consume any alcohol). 

MN95 

- ** Enact a criminal zero per se law for all drivers under 21 and make it 

subject to the implied consent statute. OR 

- ** Apply the absolute sobriety concept to all under 21 years. WI93 

- ** Eliminate the per se standard for no impairment. WI93 

- Enact legislation that will prohibit people under 21 from driving a motor 

vehicle with any measurable amount of alcohol in their blood. CO 

- Seek legislation to establish any measurable amount of alcohol as the 

illegal per se BAC level for people under 21 and to have that level apply as 

an administrative license revocation. CA 

- There should be a criminal or infraction offense of zero tolerance for 

underage drinkers (this in addition to the existing administrative drivers 

license suspension for zero tolerance for underage drinkers). MO 

- Sanctions for under-age alcohol violations should reflect a zero 

tolerance/.02 and result in the loss of driving privilege. CT93 

- Expand the "Use and Lose" provisions that now apply to juveniles to include 

all underage drinkers until 21. The provisions should include the 

administrative process for suspension of the driver's license. VA 

5. ENACT/REVISE LAW FOR DUI OF OTHER DRUGS OR IMPAIRING SUBSTANCES 

- ** Redefine the standard of impairment as "intoxication" and define 

"intoxication" as under the influence of alcohol, drugs (whether legal or 

illegal), or any combination of the two. HI 

- ** Enact legislation to clarify elements of the crime of DUI of Drugs 

(DUID) laws. VT 

- ** Enact legislation to include in the definition of unlawful impairment 

all chemical compounds that are not presently defined as a "controlled 

substances" or "hazardous substances." MN95 

- ** Enact legislation to include all drugs in the definition of impairment, 

not just those defined as "controlled" or "hazardous" substances. MN03 

- ** Revise the DUI statues to combine under the influence of alcohol, 

controlled substances, or both into one offense. OR 

- ** Research the appropriate criteria for an illegal per se law for drugs. 

Included in this research would be the development of standards for DRE 

testimony and laboratory testing. CA 

- Amend the implied consent suspension law to allow for suspension of a 

driver license based upon blood or urine test results showing the per se 

alcohol levels or the presence of any illegal controlled substance. OR 

- Add Ecstasy, GHB and other similar substances to the controlled substances 

list. NM 

E-5
- Set a per se standard for intoxication by reason of drugs. NM 

- Enact a statute to define driving with a measurable amount of an illegal 

drug or controlled substance in the body as a per se violation of the 

impaired-driving statute. OH 

- Consider amending the administrative license suspension to include other 

drugs, as well as alcohol in combination with other drugs. VT 

- Clarify the DUI statute as it applies to being under the influence of 

drugs. MT 

6. ENACT/REVISE LAW FOR ADMINISTRATIVE LICENSE REVOCATION/SUSPENSION 

- ** Enact an Administrative License Revocation (ALR) law. MT 

- ** Provide for the immediate statutory administrative revocation of driver 

licenses for individuals charged with DWI offenses. NC 

- ** Enact legislation prohibiting the right to an administrative hearing of 

a license revocation if a defendant has entered a plea of nolo contendere in 

the criminal case. WV 

- ** Consider amending statues to provide that administrative license 

sanctions will include all driving while impaired, including drugs other than 

alcohol. ND 

- ** Revision of the ALR process is needed. Legislation that would remove the 

determination of "probable cause" would go far in the direction of making the 

hearing truly "administrative" instead of "judicial." The location of the 

ADLR process should be moved from Judicial to another statewide agency in the 

Executive branch of government. Ideally, this agency would be involved in the 

driver’s license process. Prosecutors should assist officers with training 

that would prepare them for their appearance in the ADLR hearings. HI 

- ** Enact ALR laws as measures to reduce DUI. MT 

- ** Enact a per se ALR law. MT94 

- ** Adopt per se administrative sanctions allowing for driver license 

suspension on a combination of alcohol and/or drug impairment. CT00 

- ** Enact an Administrative License Revocation Law. RI 

- ** ALR is a major need in Texas’ arsenal of DWI weapons. Care should be 

taken in crafting this law so as to not create a new "mini" trial. TX 

- Relieve trial court caseload by placing all driver license decisions within 

DMV. WI93 

- Require the reporting of all convictions to DMV for misdemeanors, 

infractions or juvenile determinations that involve the underage purchase, 

possession, or use of alcoholic beverages and require driver license 

sanctions upon receipt of such report. OR 

- Sanctions imposed under the ALR process for drivers should be increased to 

a one-year revocation on first offense. NM91 

E-6
- DUI or DWI statutes should be amended to provide for mandatory license 

suspension or revocation and the requirement of attending an alcohol 

education/DUI school. TN 

- An effective pre-trial ALR law should be a priority in the next General 

Assembly session. Uniform Vehicle Code (UVC) Section 6-207 should be used as 

a model. VA 

Adopt rules that define how an ALR review hearing shall be conducted. Empower 

the hearing officer with the ability to enforce these rules. HI 

- 

- Determine whether arrestees waive theirstatutory protection against having 

ALR hearing evidence used against them if the defendants testify at their 

criminal trials. HI 

- Develop methods for protecting potential state's witnesses who are subject 

to cross-examination by the defense attorney at ALR review hearings. HI 

 

- Enact legislation allowing ALR suspensions for DUI drugs. ND

7. ENACT/MODIFIY LAWS REGARDING USE OF PRELIMINARY BREATH TESTS 

- ** The PBT should be available for all law officers who enforce alcoholrelated laws of Missouri. The current law that counts the PBT as one of the 

two tests offered to a DWI suspect should be repealed. MO 

- Texas law should authorize the use of PBTs without affecting the implied 

consent statute. TX 

- Modify laws to allow the use of the PBT to establish probable cause, while 

not considered one of the "required" chemical tests. CT00 

- Implied Consent provisions need to be altered to allow the use of the PBT 

to establish probable cause. CT93 

- Enact legislation that would provide for the use of PBTs in determining 

probable cause to arrest. Motorists stopped for a traffic violation or at a 

checkpoint who exhibit conduct providing reasonable suspicion of impairment 

would be required to submit to such a test. Result would not be admissible in 

evidence in a case-in-chief to establish guilt, but only to establish 

probable cause. Failure to take the PBT test would be admissible as evidence 

in the DUI/DWI trial. Acquiescence to the PBT test would not count toward 

compliance with the implied consent law. After compliance with the PBT an 

officer could still request the driver to comply with the implied consent law 

by providing a blood, breath or urine samples. TN 

- The PBT should be approved as a field breath test instrument solely for 

determining probable cause. It should be specifically excluded as a breath 

test that fulfills as the arrestee's submission under implied consent. HI 

- Create legislation that allows the HDOH to file with the local clerks of 

courts certification of the breath tests instruments, breath test operators, 

approved method of operating the instrument, and maintenance and inspection 

records of the instruments. This will expedite the proof of these elements at 

ALR review hearings and criminal trials and relieve the need for unnecessary 

witness testimony. HI 

E-7
- Legislation is needed to give the Hawaii DOH authority to select and 

authorize the pre-breath-testing instruments for use by police officers. 

8. ENACT/REVISE LAWS REQUIRING MANDATORY BAC TESTING 

- ** Permit an officer to require the taking of a blood specimen (and except 

such a taking from the ability to refuse) in situations where: the officer 

arrests the driver for DWI; the driver was the operator of a motor vehicle or 

watercraft involved in an accident that the officer reasonably believes 

occurred as a result of the DWI; the officer, at the time of the arrest, 

reasonably believes that a person has died or will die as a direct result of 

the accident; and, the driver refuses the officer's request to submit to the 

taking of a specimen voluntarily. NM 

- ** Consider legislation that will allow for appropriate personnel (e.g., 

paramedics) to withdraw a blood sample from a suspected and injured DWI 

offender at the scene of a crash versus obtaining lower (BAC) evidence after 

a long delay due to transportation and medical facility concerns. NC 

- ** Investigate the potential for emergency medial personnel to have the 

ability to withdraw a blood sample for evidentiary purposes at the scene of a 

crash. Gain support of physicians and judiciary by establishing strict 

standardized protocols. MD 

- ** Enact mandatory blood draw or blood sample surrender law for DUI death 

and DUI serious bodily injury incidents. RI 

- Mandate blood testing of all drivers involved in fatal or serious injury 

crashes. MI 

- Amend the DUI law to clarify that the arresting officer will determine 

which test is to be taken by the offender. CO 

- Require mandatory blood draws in situations where intoxication has resulted 

in the death of an individual or where, in the opinion of the officer, a 

death is likely to occur. MN03 

- A requirement should be added to the existing legislation that would allow 

the toxicological testing of all operators involved in fatal crashes for 

alcohol and drug involvement. CA 

- Require all drivers of vehicles involved in fatal collisions to submit to 

BAC testing. CT00 

- Seek legislation that requires a blood test in cases of death or serious 

bodily injury. NC95 

- All drivers of vehicles involved in fatal collisions should be required to 

submit to BAC testing. CT93 

- Enact legislation to permit LE officers to obtain hospital alcohol test 

results without the need for a subpoena. WV 

- Repeal the right of an offender to seek an independent blood draw for 

alcohol concentration testing with assistance from the arresting officer. MT 

- Allow hospital blood test results to be admitted into evidence. VA 

E-8
- Amend the statute to allow the DRE officer the option to request a blood or 

urine test depending on what would provide the best evidence in a particular 

investigation. MD 

- Repeal the statute (286-159) that prohibits an arrestee's refusal to submit 

to a blood alcohol test from being used against the arrestee at any other 

civil or criminal hearing. HI 

 

- Consider legislation allowing a blood draw pursuant to a search warrant 

following a refusal to consent to a breath test, thus eliminating the reward 

of loss of evidence for the State by refusing the test. MD 

- Amend the medical personnel (286-163) mandatory reporting law to include 

urine testing. HI 

- Investigate the potential for emergency medical personnel to have the 

ability to withdraw a blood sample for evidentiary purposes at the scene of a 

crash. Seek to gain support of physicians and judiciary by establishing 

strict standardized protocols. ND 

- Investigate the potential for paramedics to have the ability to withdraw a 

blood sample for evidentiary purposes at the scene of a crash. 

- Controlled test sites should be initiated for program evaluation 

procedures. WV 

- Enact legislation requiring ER personnel to inform law enforcement of 

suspected alcohol or drug use by a driver involved in a crash, similar to 

notification of gunshot wounds. ND 

9. PENALTIES FOR TEST REFUSAL 

- ** Implement stiffer sanctions for refusal to take the breath test so that 

a refusal carries a stronger suspension sanction than an administrative per 

se suspension sanction. It is recommended that a refusal result in a minimum 

of a one-year suspension. MD 

- ** Amend sanctions for chemical test refusal that are more severe than for 

a DUI or per se conviction. RI 

- Make chemical test refusal a choice, not a right. RI 

- Make the penalties for driving under a refusal suspension the same as 

penalties for DUI. OH 

- Consider enacting statutory criminal penalties for willful refusals to 

comply with North Carolina implied consent law. NC 

- Enact statute that criminalizes refusal to submit to chemical test. OH 

 

- Repeal the statute (286-159) that prohibits an arrestee's refusal to submit 

to a blood alcohol test from being used against the arrestee at any other 

civil or criminal hearing. HI 

- Support passage of high BAC statute combined with strong refusal penalties. 

MD 

- Penalties for refusal to blow either time should be assessed. HI 

E-9
 

10. ENACT/AMEND LAWS PROVIDING FOR INCREASINGLY SEVERE PENALTIES FOR REPEAT 

OR HABITUAL OFFENDERS 

- ** Enact or enhance repeat offender legislation. ND

- ** Increase licensing revocation periods for second, third, fourth, and 

subsequent offenses of DUI. DE 

- ** Allow only two misdemeanor DWI convictions, making the third offense a 

felony. NM 

- ** Implement mandatory minimum jail sentences on impaired-driving offenses. 

MD 

- ** Consider amending statutes to provide for more penalties or strategies 

to decrease driving by repeat offenders who have no license. ND 

- ** Enact legislation that will categorize a "first offender" DUI offense 

that results in court supervision, conditional discharge, probation or 

imprisonment, as a "conviction." IL 

- ** Prohibit convicted DUI/per se offender to receive a restricted 

probationary license in lieu of suspension or revocation. MT 

- ** Establish felony DUI provisions for third convictions and those found 

DUI while their driving privilege is suspended. MT94 

- ** Amend legislation to provide that first offense DUI pre-trial alcohol 

diversion be treated as a prior conviction upon subsequent offense. CT00 

- ** A habitual offender provision should be added to the previous statute to 

impose the penalty of prosecution as a fourth degree felony. NM91 

- ** Enact legislation to increase the mandatory consecutive period of 

incarceration for individuals with two or more prior convictions. MN95 

- ** Enact legislation to permit conditions of bail to be imposed even if the 

maximum bail is posted. MN03 

- ** Provide that licenses revoked for DUI offenders include a mandatory 

minimum period of actual revocation. OK 

- ** Enact law that makes third and subsequent DWI offenses felonies. AK 

- Enact a habitual DUII offender law to provide that after multiple 

convictions or diversions, an offender is guilty of a felony. OR 

- Seek legislation to create a new felony offense for any combination of 

three alcohol-related driving convictions. MI 

- Mandate attendance at an alcohol driver education course by all first 

offenders. MI 

- A felony charge should be available for multiple repeat OWI offenses and 

for driving a vehicle while intoxicated with a suspended or revoked driver's 

license. WI93 

E-10
- Enact a law prohibiting driving after drinking any amount of alcohol for 

any person who receives a hardship permit and make the violation an implied 

consent offense which results in immediate revocation of the hardship permit. 

OR 

- Enact a law to punish impaired drivers who have children in the vehicle. OR 

- Enact legislation to permit a higher bail in felony cases. MN03 

- State and local law enforcement agencies should be provided lists of 

habitual violators in their jurisdictional areas. MT94 

- Adopt Federal repeat offender standards requiring the use of ignition 

interlock devices or vehicle immobilization. CT00 

- Amend the law so that convictions for juvenile DUI carry the same sanctions 

as adult DUI with jurisdiction in the adult court. IN01 

- Third and subsequent DUI violations should be made felonies with 

appropriate sanctions. CT93 

- Include vehicular manslaughter and motor vehicle assault convictions as 

"priors" for purposes of DUI prosecution. CT93 

- Prior DUI convictions for the past seven years should count for enhancing 

penalties. CT93 

- Increase penalty for DWI and assess felony punishment to third offenses. 

NC95 

- Increase per se administrative sanctions for second offense DUI to comply 

with Federal requirements for Section 410 funding. CT00 

- The existing vehicle seizure law for 3rd offense DUI violations should be 

adjusted to ease and mandate its application. Additionally, provisions for 

the seizure of the vehicle registration in lieu of vehicle forfeiture and the 

placement of a distinctive registration tab on the registration plates of 

suspended drivers should be enacted. MT94 

- Require notation of successful completion of any DUI diversion program as a 

conviction on the State of Delaware driving record. DE 

- Provide a punishment range of 2 years to 5 years for felony DWI. NM 

- Increase the deterrent effect of the impaired-driving statute with a felony 

penalty provision prior to the fourth offense. OH 

- A statute authorizing the forfeiture of the vehicle registration and/or the 

vehicle of the repeat DUI offender should be sought. VA 

- Provide for greater potential of jail time for first-time DUI offenders. WV 

- Increase per se administrative sanctions for second offense DUI to comply 

with Federal guidelines to obtain Section 410 funding. DE 

- Increase penalties for second and third offense DUI offenders. Review 

whether a second or third offense should become a felony. Also increase 

E-11
penalties for people who drive on a license that was suspended or revoked due 

to either an ALR determination or a conviction for DUI. HI 

- Implement a "Super Drunk" statute with stiffer penalties for those driving 

with a 0.16 or greater BAC. MD 

- A statutory provision should be enacted providing that the DOS review 

the record of any convicted defendant to determine the existence of prior 

convictions and shall appropriately revoke a defendant's privileges, after 

notice, upon proof of previous convictions for DUI or DWI notwithstanding any 

order from an adjudicating court that a defendant be treated as a first time 

offender. TN 

- The child endangerment statute should be amended to provide for increased 

penalties for the commission of DUI/DWI offenses. TN 

- Enact legislation that excludes DUI offenses from eligibility for court 

supervision. IL 

- Repeal Section 6-206.1 allowing judicial driving permits. IL 

- Allow misdemeanor DUI/alcohol offenders to be placed on probation and allow 

the courts to supervise the probation. Allow the courts to collect probation 

user's fees to fund the probation supervision of the offenders. HI 

- Re-evaluate the process for driver licensing suspension and restricted 

probationary license granting upon DUI/per se conviction. MT 

11. LAWS PROVIDING FOR MORE STRINGENT PENALTIES FOR MORE SERIOUS OFFENSES 

- ** Enact legislation to increase the range of minimum incarceration 

penalties for defendants convicted of felony death by motor vehicle and 

involuntary manslaughter. NC 

- ** Increase the penalty resulting from the death of a person caused by a 

DUI driver to reflect the seriousness of the offense. IN01 

- ** Enact vehicular homicide and DWI assault laws. AK 

- Provide a punishment range of 2-20 years for the offense of vehicular 

homicide, regardless of prior DWI contact or conviction. NM 

- Provide a punishment range of 2-10 years for the offense of intoxication 

assault (serious bodily injury), regardless of prior DWI contact or 

conviction. NM 

- Make second or subsequent DUI/per se conviction a felony offense. MT 

 

12. LAWS PROVIDING FOR SPECIAL PENALTY PROVISIONS FOR YOUTH UNDER AGE 21 

- ** Make all licensed drivers (including juveniles) subject to all 

provisions of DWI laws (including felony jurisdiction). If the legislature is 

reluctant to subject juveniles to "jail time" through juvenile confinement 

facilities, then significant community service or boot camp requirements 

should be assessed as an alternative. NM 

- ** Adopt the "use and lose" driver's license provision for juvenile 

(underage) drinkers. WV93 

E-12
- ** Prohibit minors from selling and/or serving alcoholic beverages. MT94 

- ** Prohibit minors from operating gaming devices in liquor establishments. 

MT94 

- ** Mandate that suspension of a minor's driver's license for any violation 

of laws regarding the use or possession of alcohol as well as illegal drugs. 

AZ 

- Unify juvenile driver license suspension laws and establish uniform 

penalties. MI 

- Zero tolerance laws are needed with respect to minors in possession and 

minors consuming alcohol. The "use and lose" concept should be incorporated. 

TX 

- The statutory exemption of SR-22 compliance for first offense underage zero 

tolerance should be repealed. MO 

- The statutory expunging from driver's record for first offense underage 

zero tolerance should be repealed. MO 

- Implement a violation for possession of alcohol under 21 that results in a 

mandatory loss of license. MD 

- Enact legislation to require juveniles to complete treatment beyond the 

primary 18-hour requirement when recommended. WV 

- Permit court access to juvenile conviction records. NM 

- Tennessee’s underage DWI statute is largely ignored. Campaigns need to be 

undertaken to convince law enforcement of the desirability of using the 

underage (zero tolerance) law as opposed to releasing youthful offenders or 

charging them with the offense of "minor in possession." TN 

- Amend the statute (287-20) that excludes a Zero Tolerance for Minors 

offender from securing proof of financial responsibility before he can have 

driving privileges reinstated. HI 

- Enact legislation to establish any measurable amount of alcohol as the 

illegal per se blood alcohol level for people under 21 and have that level 

apply to an administrative license suspension. GA 

- Encourage enforcement of the zero tolerance law. WV 

13. VICTIM ASSISTANCE OR RESTITUTION PROGRAMS 

 - ** Develop PI&E materials to enhance victim's awareness of restitution 

availability. GA 

 - Ensure that victims of DUI crashes are advised by law enforcement 

authorities or by court officials on how to make application for restitution 

funds. GA 

 

 - Perform an annual audit of the victim restitution fund and make it part 

of the annual report of the Governor's Office of Highway Safety. GA 

E-13
14. STATUTORY RECOMMENDATIONS (creating body of law, revising language, 

closing loopholes, etc.) 

- ** Enact a statute that provides a legislative foundation for the admission 

of SFST. OH 

- ** Consider amending statutes to provide for more supervision of the 

execution of the impaired-driving judgments and treatment completion. ND 

- ** The DUI Law Revision Committee should continue to review the ambiguous 

statutes and integrate the various DUI statutes under a single umbrella of 

impaired operation. HI 

- ** Consider holding statewide community-based North Dakota Traffic Safety 

Summit or Alcohol Forum to allow the State to build a broader advocacy base 

and create a common understanding of the North Dakota impaired driver laws 

and their effectiveness in promoting traffic safety. ND 

- ** The Governor's DUI Task Force should review and recommend changes to the 

Missouri statutes that will positively affect the success of the DUI program 

in the State. MT94 [check to see which state this is, MT or MO. Says both, 

one’s wrong] 

- ** Recodify M.S.A. 169.121 (strong statue for deterring/prosecuting 

impaired drivers but COMPLEX). MN95 

- ** The laws governing DWI should be re-codified so that the statutes are 

under the same chapter. MO 

- ** Revise the DUI statues to modify the definition of driving to exclude 

the requirement that the vehicle be moving. OR 

- ** Amend the juvenile denial law to include drivers up to 21. OR 

- ** Remove ambiguity throughout DUI and other alcohol-related statutes as 

they apply to blood draw search warrants, sobriety checkpoints, DUI drugs, 

DUI death, observation DUI cases, and social host liability for alcohol 

service to minors. RI 

- ** Revise the DUI statues to not require the Intoxilyzer result to reflect 

a BAC but merely require grams of alcohol in the breath. OR 

- ** Seek legislation to clarify the broad array of OWI/alcohol abuse 

statutes currently in existence and to remedy the many patches that have been 

applied over the years. WI93 

- ** Design and carry out research with NHTSA assistance to determine the 

effectiveness of the civil OWI statute and any other questionable statutory 

provisions, such as the permitted minor service of alcohol. WI 

- Make OWI illegal anywhere in the state. WI93 

- Create a high-level State task force to review existing OWI statutes and 

draft a model OWI Wisconsin statute. In addition, the advice of national 

experts in the research and evaluation of impaired-driving statutes should be 

used. WI 

- Enact any OWI statutory changes that are found likely to be more effective 

from the existing set of statutes. WI 

E-14
- The 408/401 criteria should be followed in future legislative changes to 

Maryland's alcohol-related statues. MD91 

- Section 257.625 should be redrafted and re-enacted to accomplish the 

following: Streamline and simplify the description of the offense; Either 

eliminate Operating While Impaired (OWI) or raise its penalty level to that 

of the Operating Under the Influence of Liquor (OUIL) or UBAC; Treat all 625 

convictions the same for enhancement purposes; Either re-title the section to 

reflect the OUIL designation or rename the offense DWI and use the OUIL/UBAC 

definitions to describe the manner and means of committing DWI. MI 

- The 20-minute right to call an attorney provision in the implied consent 

statute should be eliminated. MO 

- Continue the effort to recodify the impaired-driving laws to simplify the 

enforcement and management of the processes that are mandated by law. CA 

- Amend DUI repeat offender statute to comply with US DOT standards. RI 

- Enact legislation to close the "loophole" for non-transferred titles or 

titles held by third parties with close relationships to the defendant. MN03 

- Enact legislation to clarify that "Not a Drop" conviction does not count as 

an enhancing event purpose of future DWI prosecution. MN03 

- Repeal the statutory language that exempts from consideration as a prior 

alcohol-related traffic offense any conviction before a non-lawyer judge. MO 

- Establish a safety commission involving all concerned parties to review 

applicable statutes and regulations regarding the DUI problem and the safety 

factors involved in the enforcement of alcohol beverage laws. WV93 

- Examination of existing statutes and consideration of redrafting or 

recodification of the impaired-driving statutes to improve the understanding 

and application of the impaired-driving laws or, in the alternative, writing 

a guide in lay language on the legal aspects of impaired driving. ND 

- Create a work group of concerned parties and completely revise and/or 

rewrite the DUI statutes. The rewrite should update the language and use 

model legislation as a pattern. Care should be exercised in the drafting of 

this legislation to minimize the need for interpretation of its provisions 

and avoid the loopholes that currently exist. VA 

- Amend DUI statutes to provide that successful completion of any DUI 

diversion program shall constitute a conviction for DUI. DE 

- Amend the DUI statue (291-4b2) such that the term "prior conviction" is 

replaced with "prior offense." HI 

- Repeal Section 11-500 that defines the term "first offender." IL 

- Convene a study committee to review Act 117 and other supporting and 

related statutes with the aim of considering where improvements can be 

attained. The study committee should include a broad array of community 

perspectives. VT 

- Convene an Alcohol Forum to address legislative issues as well as youth 

issues, alcohol and other drugs (e.g., heroin) that impact highway safety, 

E-15
leveraging of resources, and building a community-wide cross-systems approach 

to reduce impaired driving. VT 

- Repeal the non-rebuttable inference that a person with an alcohol 

concentration of 0.04 or less is not under the influence of alcohol. MT 

- Repeal the presumptions allowed by IL law (Section 11-501.2b) which 

provides that alcohol concentration results under 0.05 presume that person 

was NOT under the influence, results between 0.05 and 0.10 give rise to NO 

presumption and results of 0.10 or higher gives rise to only a presumption 

that person was under the influence (i.e., no "per se" advantage even at 0.10 

or higher). IL 

- Review the advisement of rights form for the purpose of revising it to 

contain only absolutely necessary legal language and not an entire recitation 

of all procedures. MVA should also develop legally acceptable versions of the 

form in commonly needed foreign language versions. MD 

15. LAWS PERMITTING THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE SANCTIONS IN SENTENCING 

- ** Change the present law to permit the use of probation or suspended 

sentences in DUI cases in order to encourage behavior modification. 

Recommended change would include the ability of a judge to set requirements 

for use of driver's license and the use of interlock devices as a condition 

of any probation. The period of interlock use at the discretion of judge. 

- ** Enact vehicle immobilization legislation. ND 

- ** Provide for vehicle seizure, impoundment and forfeiture for repeat DUII 

offenders and those who drive after suspension. OR 

- Seek legislation authorizing forfeiture of the offender’s vehicle upon 

third conviction. MI 

- Expand State forfeiture law to include impoundment and enforce it. AK 

- Adopt Federal repeat offender standards requiring the use of ignition 

interlock devices and/or vehicle immobilization. DE 

- Mandate that courts that adjudicate DUI offenders place them on probation 

with conditions that may include a specified period of community service, 

abstinence from consumption, prohibitions on frequenting alcohol dispensing 

establishments, attendance at victim impact panels, vehicle impoundment, 

attendance at AA meetings, and restitution to those personally injured or 

damaged as a result of a DUI offense. DE

- Laws should be enacted requiring mandatory use of ignition interlock 

systems by all convicted DUI/DWI offenders. TN 

 

- Resolve the issues relative to the ignition interlock device. GA 

- Encourage more widespread use of the recognized, effective ignition 

interlock devices pursuant to State law. NC 

- Provide for home detention with electronic monitoring in lieu of jail time 

for a first-time DUI, with the provision for work release. WV 

E-16
- Enact vehicle immobilization legislation to provide additional tools for 

law enforcement officers to use in their efforts to remove impaired drivers 

from roadways. DE 

16. LIMITING PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION/PLEA BARGAINING/CHARGE REDUCTIONS 

- ** Limit or abolish the prosecutor discretion to reduce a charge of DUI to 

one of Reckless Driving where the offender's BAC was 0.20 or higher, where 

the offender carried a child in the vehicle, where the offense resulted in an 

accident with injury to another and where the offender had a previous DUI 

conviction. DE 

- ** Enact legislation prohibiting plea-bargaining in DWI cases and reduction 

of minimum periods of license revocation. MN95 

- ** Repeal the DWI law (761) that is a lesser-included offense to the DUI 

law (902). OK

- Enact legislation prohibiting plea-bargaining in DWI cases and reduction of 

minimum periods of license revocation. MN95 

- Limit or abolish prosecutor discretion to waive factors, which would 

preclude DUI offenders from qualifying for DUI diversion programs. Factors 

not subject to waiver should include where the offender's BAC was 0.20 or 

higher, where the offender carried a child in the vehicle, where the offense 

resulted in an accident with injury to another and where the offender had a 

previous DUI conviction. DE 

 

- Eliminate the reduction of DUI charges through plea bargains. MT94 

- Charge reduction & plea-bargaining should be limited or not allowed. VA 

 

- Consider legislation that would provide for special supervision services 

for multiple offenders and that would enable second offenders or third 

offenders to obtain reinstatement of driving privileges after one year for 

second offenders and after five years for third offenders. Special 

supervision would require person-to-person monthly monitoring, abstaining 

from any drug or alcohol consumption, screening to monitor consumption, sever 

restriction of driving privileges, regular monitoring of driver license and 

criminal records, completion of a level II (advanced) DUI school, and 

treatment where indicated. TN 

 

- Consider legislation to provide that, in cases with blood alcohol levels of 

a 0.08% or greater, there shall be no reduction of the charge to that of 

reckless driving unless the prosecution submits to DOS an affidavit setting 

forth the reasons justifying reduction of the charge. If cases originally 

charged as DUI or DWI are reduced to reckless driving, a notation should 

accompany the driving record sent to the DOS disclosing that the offense 

involved alcohol. Judges should also be given the discretion to order an 

alcohol assessment, DUI school, and treatment, if indicated by the 

assessment, upon conviction for reckless driving. TN 

17. LAWS REQUIRING OFFENDER ASSESSMENT 

- ** Referral of first time DUI offenders to VASAP should be mandatory. 

Intervention is needed for potential problems at an early stage. VA

- ** Implement mandatory assessment and treatment on impaired-driving 

offenses. MD 

E-17
- ** Enact a law to require a plea of guilty or an agreement to a trial on 

stipulated facts as a condition of entry into the diversion program. OR 

- Tennessee DUI/DWI laws should also be amended to provide for the assessment 

of repeat offenders to determine the appropriateness and type of treatment. 

TN 

- Legislation should be considered requiring that defendants convicted of 

DUI/DWI whether as first or subsequent offenders, be required to undergo an 

assessment to determine whether drug/alcohol counseling or treatment should 

be required. If such treatment is indicated, completion should become a 

condition of probation and of relicensing. TN 

- Enact legislation to require mandatory alcohol assessment and referral for 

first offense DUI offenders. GA 

18. REVISIONS TO THE COURT SYSTEM AND/OR ADJUDICATION PROCESS 

- ** The process of the habitual offender program should be made 

administrative and removed from the courts. The criminal penalties for 

violation of the provisions should be retained. VA

- ** Seek to amend legislation that places the Administrative Driver's 

License Revocation Office (ADLRO) in the judicial branch of government. The 

ADLRO should be an administrative agency under the executive branch of 

government and should be affiliated with driver's licensing administration. 

There should be a uniform State agency that administers driver's licensing, 

all administrative review procedures and sanctions associated with driver 

licensing along with vehicle licensing and registration. HI 

- ** Seek legislation to establish the Metropolitan Court and subsequently 

all magistrate courts, as courts of record for criminal cases to eliminate 

trial de novo on appeal. NM91 

- Allow all DUI related offenses arising out of the same incident to be 

prosecuted and adjudicated in the same court. RI 

- Criminal negligence should be removed as an element of proof for the crimes 

of involuntary manslaughter and second-degree assault with a vehicle. MO 

- Allow courts to physically confiscate a driver's license at court 

proceedings. RI 

- Amend the DUI law to mandate completion of the ACT program prior to 

reinstatement of the driver’s license upon the 1st conviction and remove this 

from the courts making it an administrative process. MT94

- Amend the statute to provide that all initial hearings on licensure 

suspension be conducted by BMV. OH 

 

- Seek legislation that removes from ADLRO the judicial function of 

determining probable cause. HI

19. ENACT LAWS REQUIRING ALCOHOL SERVICE/SERVER TRAINING 

- Require server training for on-premises licensed establishments--lessor 

training for retail off-premises sales clerks. MT94 

E-18
- Require police agencies to report ALL activities concerning licensed liquor 

establishments to the Department of Revenue. MT94 

20. SORBRIETY CHECKPOINT LAWS 

- Remove impediments to the constitutionality of sobriety checkpoints. RI 

- Encourage the use of sobriety checkpoints. OK 

- Review the Oregon Supreme Court decision and craft legislation to all 

impaired-driving checkpoints. OR 

21. EVIDENCE ADMISSION 

- ** Repeal 756 (1,2,3,5), Admission of Evidence Shown by Test. OK 

- Allow admissibility of chemical test refusal as evidence of tacit 

admission. RI 

- Enact a law to allow hospital records of blood tests used for treatment of 

the offender to be admitted into evidence to show BAC or the presence of 

controlled substances. OR 

- Enact a law to allow testimony of DRE's certified by the State Police or 

Board of Public Safety Standards and Training to be admitted into evidence. 

OR 

22. BOATING WHILE INTOXICATED 

- Boating While Intoxicated laws should be expanded to be the equivalent of 

the DWI motor vehicle laws. MO 

23. RESEARCH/EVALUATION RECOMMENDATIONS 

- ** Conduct a system performance study, including an analysis of the 

imposition of statutorily prescribed sanctions for DUI violation. WV93 

- Conduct a study of literary research concerning the potential benefit of a 

lower BAC level. WV93 

E-19
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 3B 

PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION FOR DETERRENCE 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. DEVELOPMENT/COORDINATION OF STATEWIDE PI&E PLANS 

- ** State and local agencies concerned with DUI problems should develop a 

statewide PI&E program that would impact occurrence of impaired driving, have 

a portion that is aimed at the youthful driver, and have a method of 

evaluation that indicates the success or failure of the program. WV93 

- ** Develop and implement an on-going statewide strategic PI&E plan that 

emphasizes the perils of impaired driving and includes: specific strategies 

and goals, expected outcomes and performance measures; dates for performance 

review and evaluation; and, revision of the plan as necessary. IN01 

- ** Develop and implement an annual PI&E plan that includes: specific 

strategies and goals, expected outcomes, and performance measures; dates for 

performance review and evaluation; and revision of the plan as necessary. DE 

- ** The GHSO should develop a comprehensive PI&E plan that would target the 

27 high-crash counties, as well as the entire state. OH 

- ** The State needs to develop a statewide PI&E plan that will allow input 

from local agencies in the planning process. Incorporated in this plan should 

be a statewide coordinator that will work with all entities to implement the 

plan. TN 

- ** Hawaii needs a statewide PI&E plan to coordinate the many facets of PI&E 

that are taking place in the highway safety area. All the players should be 

brought together to lay out the entire year's activities in conjunction with 

holiday and special enforcement priorities. These plans should be concurrent 

with the requirements contained in all enforcement grants. HI 

- ** Develop a comprehensive and innovative statewide annual PI&E plan. MT 

- ** Develop a strategic plan that specifies the goals and objectives of an 

impaired-driving enforcement PI&E program, funding sources, expected 

outcomes, and performance measures. RI 

- ** Develop a statewide comprehensive PI&E campaign to reduce OWI injuries 

and fatalities. WI 

- ** OTS should expedite the implementation of the new statewide PI&E plan. 

This plan should create a statewide emphasis and involve the local PI&E 

participants in its creation. In addition to the special details and holiday 

events, there needs to be a long-range target for the entire state. WI93 

- PI&E activities should reflect and support an overall, Statewide impaireddriving plan. WI93 

- Establish and share statewide enforcement PI&E efforts. AK 

- The Highway Safety Law Enforcement Committee, with media assistance, should 

develop an annual State DUI enforcement PI&E plan. CT00 

E-20
- Develop and implement an annual PI&E plan that includes: specific 

strategies and goals, expected outcomes, and performance measures; dates for 

performance review and evaluation; and revision of the plan as necessary. ND 

- Develop a comprehensive plan at the State level for coordinating the public 

information and education efforts to deter impaired drivers. GA 

- Compile public information and education goals and objectives through a 

mission statement. Agencies that consciously address and distribute their 

PI&E plans both internally and externally will experience successful PI&E 

endeavors. NC 

- PI&E activities should be coordinated throughout the year. With so many 

groups involved, a common objective should be identified. TX 

- Create a committee to coordinate statewide PI&E efforts. MI 

2. PI&E CAMPAIGN (development, establishment, expansion, planning, etc.) 

- ** Develop regional/statewide campaigns that raise the public's awareness 

and create a perception of risk for the potential of being involved in an 

alcohol/drug related-crash as well as the possibility of apprehension for 

impaired driving. MD 

- ** Develop and implement campaigns with a unique program identity which 

focus year round on impaired driving. Consider using NHTSA's "You Drink & 

Drive. You Lose." campaign materials for this effort. MD 

- ** Develop an on-going comprehensive public information program regarding 

0.08 legislation and enforcement. IN01 

- ** Establish a year round publicity campaign which includes all law 

enforcement agencies throughout the State regarding their impaired-driving 

enforcement and education efforts; especially those agencies receiving grant 

funds. DE 

- ** Develop PI&E campaigns that raise public awareness and create a 

perception of risk for the potential of being involved in an alcohol/drug 

related crash as well as the possibility of apprehension and prosecution for 

DUI offenses. WV 

- ** Plan all special enforcement events to take advantage of both pre-event 

and post-event publicity to change the mindset of the potential impaired 

driver. VT 

- Develop additional PI&E programs that contain a more potential deterrence 

message and update older programs with information, such as the cost of a 

DUI. VT 

- Continue effort to provide comprehensive PI&E programs that incorporate all 

aspects of safe driving issues. MO 

- Develop a PI&E program that would change the public perception as it 

relates to the dangers of operating a vehicle after the consumption of any 

alcoholic beverage. WV93 

- Develop and implement PI&E regional/statewide campaigns that have unique 

program identities (e.g., New York's Project Zero, North Carolina’s Booze It 

& Lose It). WV 

E-21
- Develop a speaker's bureau for DWI issues which will leverage access to 

industry forums, associations, service groups, and community based 

organizations. NM 

- Plan and develop new deterrent PI&E strategies to coincide with the 

introduction of new technology and special enforcement events, including the 

State's plan to have new DRE officers trained this year. OR 

- Plan changes in programs and laws in advance of the implementation date so 

that the appropriate target audiences will be given the information by a 

multi-step approach using all the resources available to public safety 

agencies. All elements of the media should be involved in the process at the 

community level. CA 

- Continue the very successful CARE program. Efforts need to be made to 

assist locals with their special event publicity and to involve the State 

Patrol in task force efforts. WI93 

3. CAMPAIGN/LAW ENFORCEMENT PUBLICITY EFFORTS 

- ** Establish an ongoing publicity campaign that includes all law 

enforcement agencies regarding their impaired-driving enforcement and 

education efforts. MT 

- Expand the "Do Buckle, Don't Booze" campaign into a year-round publicity 

campaign which includes all law enforcement agencies throughout the State 

regarding their impaired-driving enforcement and educations efforts, 

especially those agencies receiving grant funds, or use NHTSA's "You Drink & 

You Drive. You Lose." materials to help train and provide new angles for law 

enforcement to involve the media and improve PI&E on a seasonal basis. ND 

- Develop a newsletter that is provided and distributed in a timely manner to 

strengthen the PI&E effort. MT 

- Publicize the innovative approaches of law enforcement to detect and 

apprehend impaired drivers. GA 

- Provide pre-campaign information and post-campaign results. WV 

- Expand the publicity associated with saturation patrols to include a strong 

message about the dangers of impaired driving and the results of enforcement 

efforts. IN01 

- Distribute and use national campaign materials and encourage local 

participation in programs (e.g., Campaign Safe & Sober). Materials are 

available through the GHSP or NHTSA's regional offices. WV 

- Establish a clearinghouse for statewide PI&E materials that are accessible 

by all partners and highway safety advocates. MO 

- Prepare and distribute public information packages that address specific 

seasonal events and the drinking, drug use, and driving that accompany them. 

RI 

- Participate in national impaired driving events/mobilizations and develop 

public information programs to publicize Rhode Island’s law enforcement 

activities. RI 

E-22
- Promote DUI/DWI PI&E programs. OK 

- All special enforcement events should take advantage of pre-event publicity 

to impact the mindset of the potential impaired driver. CO 

- Continue to publish a newsletter to strengthen PI&E efforts. WI 

4. EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ON IMPAIRED DRIVING 

- ** Continue to educate the general public on all aspects of impaired 

driving by developing a series of town hall meetings that will feature 

traffic safety as a quality-of-life issue. NM 

- ** Educate the general public on all aspects of impaired driving through a 

series of Town Hall meetings that will feature traffic safety as a quality of 

life issue. These meetings can serve as a conduit for the public to provide 

input on statewide DUI efforts. MT 

- ** Use sobriety checkpoints as a PI&E activity. OK 

- ** Establish a comprehensive and sustained PI&E program that informs the 

public regarding the risks of being caught and punished for impaired driving. 

RI 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should undertake awareness program to increase 

the proportion of drivers who are aware that driver’s licenses will be taken 

upon conviction for DWI. NM 91 

- Traffic Safety Bureau should undertake an awareness program and ALR 

procedures and penalties should also be addressed in the media campaign. NM91

- Enhance public awareness of Operation DWI. NM95 

- Incorporate the consequences of being apprehended for DUI in public 

information materials. GA 

- Publicize Sobriety Checkpoint enforcement efforts to maximize the deterrent 

effects of the operation. AK 

- Advertise the penalties and consequences of a DWI arrest and conviction. AK 

- Develop regional town hall meetings and conduct public opinion surveys to 

increase OWI educational efforts. WI 

5. PARTICIPATE IN NATIONAL CAMPAIGNS 

- Participate in the national You Drink & Drive. You Lose. campaign. MT 

6. CAMPAIGN MESSAGES/THEMES 

- ** Provide a statewide theme for the state's DUI deterrence effort for 

local and municipal agencies to use and expand. GA 

- Develop statewide messages concerning the overall problem of DWI. NM95 

- PI&E messages should be developed to inform drivers of the specific 

consequences of a DWI arrest and conviction. NC95 

E-23
- Continued efforts in PI&E areas are needed that will establish a uniform 

theme across the State. CT93 

- Standardize the Minnesota State Patrol Safety Education curriculum to 

ensure consistency in the message being delivered. MN03 

- Colorado should develop additional PI&E programs that contain a more 

pointed deterrence message. CO 

- PI&E materials need more emphasis in the direction of enforcement. TX 

7. STATEWIDE PI&E COORDINATOR/STAFFING 

- ** Create a position for a statewide PI&E coordinator. MD 

- ** Evaluate the staffing levels of the GHSP public information office to 

ensure that the needs of statewide and local PI&E efforts are not at risk. A 

great deal of success in reducing motor vehicle crash injuries and 

fatalities, as well as increased deterrence initiatives, can be attributed to 

the endeavors of this office. NC 

- Some of the new Federal alcohol incentive grant funding should be used to 

hire a PI&E consultant to create and coordinate the statewide PI&E plan. 

University interns could be used to supplement the consultants' activities 

and help with cost savings. HI 

8. INTERGOVERNMENTAL/INTER-AGENCY COORDINATION AND COOPERATION 

- PI&E efforts need to be centrally coordinated throughout the year and not 

just for the special campaigns. A "working" group should be established to 

represent all the many entities involved and a "networking" system 

established. VA 

- Maximize PI&E potentials with the DUI InterState Partnership. WV 

- HDOT should coordinate between The Department of Health Injury Prevention 

and Control Division and MADD to ensure that their resource libraries are 

available to the other countries. HI 

- Coordinate DUI enforcement campaigns with national efforts (e.g., 3-D 

Month). WV 

- Future contracts with outside agencies that call for the development of 

PI&E campaigns should require all contractors to include input from all 

levels of enforcement in the planning of such campaigns. TN 

- Establish a working group among County DUI Task Forces for planning and 

implementing statewide PI&E activities including: establishing statewide 

enforcement PI&E events; coordinating a "clearinghouse" for PI&E materials 

and equipment; establish responsibility for the printing of brochures and 

eliminate potential duplication of effort. MT94 

- The Division of Highway Safety should assign the statewide coordination of 

its enforcement-focused PI&E activities to the Highway Safety Law Enforcement 

Committee. In addition to the PI&E activities in the specific comprehensive 

regional patrol areas, there should be a statewide focus during the holiday 

events and throughout the year. CT00 

E-24
- Establish two-way communication channels with the Public Information 

Offices. MI 

9. PUBLIC/PRIVATE ORGANIZATION PARTNERSHIP INVOLVEMENT 

- Develop new private sector partnerships to reduce DWI drivers in all 

segments of society. This recommendation requires the involvement, ingenuity, 

commitment, and resources of a multitude of individuals and organizations. 

The "hidden" economic impact on businesses and taxpayers should be 

emphasized. NM 

- Expand the network of employer participation in the network of employees 

for traffic safety. NM 

- Expand public private partnerships to have a focused and significant impact 

on impaired driving. This recommendation requires the involvement, ingenuity, 

commitment, and resources of a multitude of individuals and organizations. MT

- Expand the viewing audience by partnering with additional professional 

sports teams. MN03 

- Include a member of the Missouri Trucking Association on the Governor's 

Commission on DWI and Impaired Driving. MO

- Develop a partnership with private-sector companies to increase OWI public 

awareness. WI

10. DUI REPORTING SYSTEMS FOR CITIZENS 

- ** Develop a statewide Report Impaired Drivers program for citizen 

involvement. GA 

- Encourage the public to report suspected impaired drivers. DE 

- Encourage the public to report suspected impaired drivers. ND 

- Develop, implement, and publicize a specific public DUI reporting program 

that does not rely on 9-1-1 as the primary access to law enforcement 

communications. DE 

- Develop, implement, and publicize a specific public DUI reporting program 

considering the national emphasis on 9-1-1 as the primary access to law 

enforcement communications. ND 

- Connecticut should adopt and publicize a cell-phone-related DUI reporting 

scheme. This should include visible road signs. CT00 

- Develop, implement, and publicize a specific public DUI reporting program 

that does not rely solely on 9-1-1 as the primary access to law enforcement 

communications. IN01 

- Establish a citizen DUI reporting system. CT93 

11. BUILD/IMPROVE LAW ENFORCEMENT/MEDIA RELATIONSHIPS 

- ** Sponsor the NHTSA law enforcement public information officer workshop, 

designed to assist law enforcement in building positive relations with local 

media. This course provides detailed training in support of effective PI&E 

efforts. NC 

E-25
- Efforts should be made to conduct media/police seminars that would 

introduce both factions to the requirements and interests of the other. All 

types of media should be involved, i.e., radio, TV, and print. Every police 

officer should be empowered to release information to the media in compliance 

with established guidelines. The NHTSA Public Information Workshop for police 

officers would be beneficial training for all police traffic supervisors. HI 

- Select a member(s) of each enforcement agency to serve as a public 

information officer. Regardless of the size of an agency, every law 

enforcement organization must identify and adequately train an individual(s) 

who is responsible for the preparation and delivery of public information and 

media relations. NC 

- Training for officers to assist them in responding to the media is needed. 

CT93 

- Encourage media ride-alongs during DWI patrols or other impaired-driving 

enforcement activities. In addition to increased media coverage, the ridealongs will build and strengthen media relations. NC 

- Encourage media ride-along, especially during campaign waves. MD 

- Encourage media ride-alongs, especially during campaign waves. ND 

- Encourage greater media involvement in the coverage of DUI efforts. Media 

ride-alongs will ensure greater and more thorough attention. WV 

- Establish annual workshops for media and law enforcement to enhance DUI 

education efforts. MT 

- Conduct media/enforcement seminars that will provide a forum for discussion 

of issues of mutual concern. Identify and train law enforcement officers in 

NHTSA's PI&E Instructor Training course. ND 

- Conduct media/enforcement seminars that provide a forum for discussion of 

issues of mutual concern. MD 

- Provide specific points of contact for media inquiries and follow-ups. WV 

- Establish working relationships with local and regional media. WV 

- The media workshops for law enforcement officers should include panel 

discussions with representatives from TV, radio, and the print media. WI93 

12. ENCOURAGE MEDIA INVOLVEMENT IN DUI ISSUES/EFFORTS 

- The proposed Governor's Task Force on Impaired Driving should include 

representative(s) from the media. OH 

- Prepare soft DUI news stories that will supplement hard news requests 

(e.g., information on police DUI training/equipment). WV 

- Encourage the media to publicize events and results of grantee DWI 

enforcement efforts. NM 

- Encourage all officers to report to the media alcohol involvement and nobelt-use in crashes. ND 

E-26
- Have enforcement agencies develop media messages in conjunction with 

stories that the media will typically report, such as alcohol involvement in 

certain crashes. CA 

- Law enforcement agencies should actively pursue PSAs with news media, radio 

and TV stations. AK 

- Encourage the media to publicize pertinent events and OWI efforts. WI

13. PI&E EFFORTS TARGETING HIGH RISK GROUPS 

- ** The Department of Education should mandate that a certain period of time 

be allotted each semester for a presentation concerning the danger of 

alcohol- and drug-impaired driving. IL 

- Develop an outreach program designated to reduce DWI among youthful 

offenders. NM 

- Continue to develop and implement college environmental educational 

prevention and media strategies targeting high-risk students. NM 

- Change the current DARE curriculum to include alcohol as a drug. The new Kthrough12 curriculum should be considered. HI 

- Continue and expand countermeasures that target underage drinking. Program 

planning and implementation measures must be addressed as this high-risk 

population continues to grow. NC 

- A concentrated effort should be made to change the public perception of 

risk as it relates to DUI arrest. Continued efforts with the youth groups are 

necessary, as they appear to be the least threatened by 

enforcement/information campaigns. VA 

- DTS should strive to have a uniform approach throughout the educational 

system. IL 

- Increase PI&E messages targeting youth and parents of youth regarding binge 

drinking, over-consumption, drinking and driving and the increased dangers 

associated with consumption of alcohol that occurs during seasonal events. 

IN01 

- Develop an educational program for youthful offenders. NM95 

- Continue to provide funding support for programs that target underage 

drinking and driving and drug abuse by young adults. MO 

- The Office of Traffic Safety should develop an extensive PI&E Program on 

"Not a Drop" targeted towards drivers under 21 and their parents. MN95 

- Develop highway safety PI&E programs that target older driver and 

pedestrian alcohol and drug abuse crash problems. MO 

- Wisconsin should continue concentration of information for the young 

people; efforts to assist and enhance project DARE would be in the right 

direction. WI93 

- Consider developing a youth-oriented program similar to "Every 15 Minutes." 

WI 

E-27
14. PI&E EFFORTS TARGETING SPECIFIC GROUPS (ETHNIC, CULTURAL, REGIONAL) 

- ** GOHS should work with traffic safety coalitions, public health agencies 

and citizen advocacy groups, both on and off tribal lands, to transfer 

information from English to the various Native American languages. AZ 

- Develop and introduce a Spanish-language outreach effort about the 

consequences of impaired driving to educate the growing number of Spanishspeaking people. DE 

- Expand the PI&E effort targeting Spanish speakers to include impaireddriving messages. IN01 

- PI&E materials need to be developed that are bilingual, which will reach 

the Spanish and Asian elements in the population. VA 

- Appoint a liaison from the T&SB to work with Native American tribes. MT 

- PI&E campaigns, material, and efforts need to be tailored to the specific 

region and groups targeted. Statewide campaigns are great but different means 

of conveying the message need to be employed when it is being delivered in 

northern Virginia versus southwestern Virginia (different culture). VA 

- Continue the development of appropriate PI&E deterrence material and 

programs for the growing minority populations. NC 

- Develop PI&E Programs that focus specifically or incorporate commercial 

motor vehicles into the highway safety program. MO 

- All PI&E programs should consider a more comprehensive approach addressing 

statewide target audience differences such as region, ethnicity, age, sex, 

and the workplace. CO 

- GOHS should work with traffic safety coalitions, public health agencies, 

and citizen advocacy groups to oppose inappropriate targeting of youth, 

Hispanics and other minorities, and lower income groups in advertising 

alcoholic beverages. AZ 

15. PI&E EVALUATION EFFORTS 

- The Traffic Safety Bureau should develop customer satisfaction surveys to 

determine the impact of any communication plan. NM 

- Monitor and evaluate all PI&E programs for effectiveness. NC 

- Conduct monthly performance reviews of the plan to ensure that goals are 

being achieved. RI 

- The Missouri DHS should require and ensure that all PI&E programs contain 

an evaluation component to assess the impact of each program initiative. MO 

- Monitor attitudes, behavior, and knowledge of the motoring public to ensure 

that the proper messages are being given and understood by the target 

audience or at-risk group. CA 

- Use impact evaluation data to ensure that the "best" material is being used 

and the most important target groups are being reached and affected. MD91 

E-28
16. PI&E FUNDING REQUIREMENTS 

- ** Require public information and education plans as a component of task 

force grant requests. IN01 

- ** Mandate a PI&E component of all CDDP grantee agencies. WV 

- Mandate a PI&E component for all State funded projects. MD 

- Organize groups to support county DUI task force continued funding. MT 

- Continue to fund and conduct the Statewide Traffic Safety Conference. GA 

- Continue to fund local PI&E programs through Section 402 grants. GA 

- Ensure that each highway safety grant contains a PI&E component. NC 

- All enforcement grants issued by HDOT should contain requirements for PI&E 

activities. These should be in compliance with any existing statewide plan. 

HI 

- The GHSO should include specific requirements for pre- and post-DUI 

enforcement PI&E efforts for all DUI or Sobriety Checkpoint Overtime 

Enforcement Programs. This information should be included in the grant 

application manual and project reporting forms. OH 

- Funding for PI&E efforts by State and local enforcement agencies should 

continue. MO 

- Dedicate a portion of the operating budget for the printing and release of 

PI&E material and share this material with agencies that have contact with 

violators such as corrections, treatment centers, hospitals, etc. AK 

E-29
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 3C 

ENFORCEMENT 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS 

 a. Prioritization of DUI Enforcement Activity 

- ** Strict enforcement of DUI laws should be top priority on patrol. WV93 

- ** Efforts to raise DUI priority in all law enforcement agencies should be 

pursued. MT94 

- ** Establish a philosophy at the executive levels of law enforcement that 

places a high priority on apprehension of impaired drivers and ensure that 

chiefs and sheriffs articulate that philosophy to their officers. IN01 

- ** Encourage law enforcement agencies to make OWI a priority. WI 

- ** Efforts should be made to raise the traffic enforcement priorities in 

the law enforcement community. Incorporation of traffic enforcement into the 

current top priority areas of youth gangs and violent crimes might be 

considered. WI93 

- ** Articulate a consistent message with the executive level of Minnesota 

police and sheriff departments that enforcement of DWI laws is imperative to 

saving lives and preventing injuries on the streets and highways of 

Minnesota. MN03 

- ** Articulate continually, from the executive levels of all police 

departments, the message that DUI enforcement is extremely important. RI 

- ** Increase the number of DUI arrests. RI 

- ** Establish a high priority on DUI apprehensions within all police 

agencies, and have chiefs and their executive staffs articulate that message 

to their officers. DE 

- ** Rigorous DUI enforcement should be a made a top priority in ALL 

jurisdictions. VA 

- ** All law enforcement agencies in the State should be trained and 

encouraged to aggressively enforce the DWA1 statute the State has enacted to 

reduce alcohol- and drug-related fatalities and injuries. CO 

- Law enforcement executives must encourage pro-active DUI arrest policies 

and discourage the practice of releasing suspected DUI offenders due to 

officer frustrations with the judicial and administrative process. WV 

- Implement those necessary selective enforcement units that ensure the 

detection and apprehension of impaired drivers and make DWI apprehension a 

priority of preventive patrol. AK 

- Develop and implement a DUI crash investigation team either on the State or 

local level. GA 

E-30
- Establish standards of acceptable performance within police departments 

regarding DUI enforcement and review performance frequently to ensure goals 

are being achieved. RI 

- Implement programs that combine traffic enforcement and aggressive criminal 

enforcement such as the National Sheriff's Assoc. rural initiative. OK 

- A concentrated effort should be initiated to lower the BAC average (.16) in 

the State. TX 

 b. Sobriety Checkpoints/High Visibility/Selective Enforcement Efforts 

- ** Montana should develop procedures for the implementation of sobriety 

checkpoints. MT94 

- ** Develop a program of Sobriety Check Points, realizing that public 

knowledge of the checkpoints is as much a deterrent as the apprehensions that 

may occur. AK 

- ** Use sobriety checkpoints regularly by law enforcement agencies to deter 

and apprehend impaired drivers. OK 

- ** Continue and expand sobriety checkpoints. Ensure that local agencies 

have advance notice and are invited to participate. WV 

- ** Develop and implement written policies for conducting sobriety 

checkpoints. GA 

- ** Reinforce efforts statewide to apprehend impaired drivers by 

increasing the number of preventive patrol hours while using selective 

enforcement techniques. IL 

- Continue frequent, highly visible and publicized sobriety checkpoints and 

selective enforcement. NM 

- Encourage and organize optional enforcement strategies (e.g., dedicated 

saturation patrols). WV 

- Encourage the Montana Highway Patrol to participate in or organize safety 

spot checks that are in compliance with State laws. MT 

 

- When conducting checkpoints for DUI use the theme "Sobriety Checkpoint" 

rather than "Safety Checkpoint" to maximize the deterrent value in raising 

the perception of risk of detection and apprehension for impaired drivers. GA 

- Seek multidisciplinary support for the acceptance of sobriety checkpoints. 

MT 

- The Honolulu and Hawaii Police Departments should consider changing their 

police vehicle fleet policy so that more marked and highly visible vehicles 

are deployed (recommend at least a 50/50 split between marked and unmarked 

vehicles instead of their current 70/30 split). HI 

 

- Implement aggressive, well-publicized traffic enforcement efforts. MI 

- Continue to complement enforcement activity with educational efforts. 

Development of a Maryland "Crime/Crash Clock" depicting the relationship 

between crime and crash data will be an extremely beneficial public awareness 

tool. MD 

E-31
- Montana Highway Patrol should continue its Safety Spot Check program with 

added emphasis to the time of day that would enhance its ability in checking 

the lighting equipment of vehicles. MT94 

- Encourage the frequent use of sobriety checkpoints and other selective 

enforcement techniques to detect DUIs. WV93 

- Continue to enhance presence of sobriety checkpoints. NM95 

- Continue to emphasize sobriety checkpoints. CA

- Integrate aggressive traffic enforcement during routine patrol assignments. 

WV 

- Continue to identify high-alcohol-related crash locations and deploy 

resources effectively. GA 

- Pre-enforcement and post-activity results should be widely distributed to 

all forms of media. MD 

- Announce pre-enforcement activity and post-activity results for 

regional/statewide enforcement efforts. WV 

 d. Enforcement Efforts Targeting Underage Drivers 

- ** Develop a statewide enforcement policy to ensure appropriate prosecution 

of youthful offenders who operate a motor vehicle after consumption. MN95 

- ** Increase enforcement of underage drinking laws to include the purchaser 

as well as the retail establishment (i.e., Cops in Shops). GA 

- Expand underage enforcement operations. WV 

- Encourage enforcement of zero tolerance law for those under 21. WV 

- Maintain the strong enforcement program aimed at the driver below 21. IL 

- Continue and expand the "Sales to Minors" enforcement programs. NM 

- Increase enforcement of the zero tolerance laws for minors. NM 

- Emphasis on underage drinking should be a significant complement to all 

enforcement operations and given attention and enforcement by means such as 

aggressive party patrols, sting operations, etc. MD 

- Encourage local law enforcement to conduct sting operations to reduce 

underage drinking. MT 

 

- College campus enforcement agencies must remain pro-active in their 

approach to both impaired driving and underage drinking. A zero tolerance 

approach will avoid sending mixed messages to the student population. MD 

- The GHSO should fund projects with local law enforcement agencies for 

increased enforcement of the .02 BAC law for drivers under 21. OH 

 

- Office of Traffic Safety should develop an extensive PI&E program on "Not a 

Drop" targeted for drivers under 21 and their parents. MN95 

E-32
- Develop youthful offender enforcement programs. WI 

- Governor's Executive Committee on Drunk and Drugged Drivers should 

establish the enforcement of alcohol violations by Maryland's young people as 

a priority. MD91 

- Local police chiefs/sheriffs should direct the aggressive enforcement of 

juvenile-related DWI and other alcohol violations. NM91 

- Participate in PI&E programs for the prevention of underage drinking. WV93 

- Concentrate DUI enforcement in areas known to have a high incidence of 

underage drinkers. WV93 

 e. Enforcement Efforts Targeting Repeat and/or Habitual Offenders 

- ** Develop and implement an enforcement program targeting drivers 

previously suspended for DUI who continue to operate a motor vehicle. GA 

- Develop a selective enforcement program with emphasis on the repeat 

offender. NM95 

- Develop countermeasures programs targeting repeat-DWI, suspended, and 

revoked drivers. MO 

- Develop a stakeout program for habitual offenders who continue to drive 

with a suspended or revoked license. NM 

- Establish DWI warrant service programs targeting habitual DWI offenders. NM 

 

- Expand police officer authority to allow access to clubs for appropriate 

enforcement actions. WV 

 f. Multi-Agency/Jurisdiction DUI Law Enforcement Efforts 

- ** Connecticut State Police should become involved with local municipal 

agencies in the implementation of joint task force enforcement efforts in 

conjunction with the use of checkpoints. CT93 

- ** Increase the number of agencies participating in DUI: Taskforce Indiana. 

IN01 

- ** Enforce underage-drinking laws cooperatively and consistently throughout 

neighboring jurisdictions to prevent youth from merely crossing over the line 

to avoid local enforcement practices. MN03 

- ** Encourage the participation of law enforcement agencies in multiple 

jurisdiction impaired-driving task forces and enforcement efforts. DE 

- ** Encourage joint enforcement projects using all agencies in a given area. 

MT94 

- ** Organize regional/statewide enforcement strategies. MD 

 

- ** Continue the task force concepts and invite new agencies to participate. 

VA 

E-33
- To attain ultimate public perception of risk, sobriety checkpoints and 

blanket or saturation patrols should be deployed, when possible, by multiple 

agencies on specific nights, weekends, etc. MD 

- The law enforcement community should increase the use of multijurisdictional saturation DWI patrols and the staffing of checkpoints. MD91 

- Develop methods and strategies to increase interagency enforcement 

and training activities, including sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols 

and licensed establishment compliance checks. NC 

- Select specific time periods, evenings, weekends, or weeks for regional 

and/or statewide enforcement. WV 

 

- Organize regional/statewide DUI enforcement partnerships. WV 

- Coordinate additional DUI enforcement programs with bordering intrastate 

communities as well as interstate borders that will maximize program 

deterrence and effectiveness. WV 

- Encourage the participation of law enforcement agencies in multiple 

jurisdiction enforcement efforts. MT 

- Consider enforcement projects with bordering states to further maximize 

deterrence and increase PI&E effectiveness. MD 

- Coordination of traffic enforcement activities between the various 

jurisdictions would enhance the effect of such efforts. HI 

- Expand the use of multi-agency DWI task forces during high-risk holiday 

periods. NM 

- Seek legislation to allow deputies to cross county lines in the course of 

follow-up investigation or enabling them to render assistance to other 

agencies. ND 

- New Mexico State Police and Tribal Police should conduct joint enforcement 

along major corridors that experience high serious injury or fatal crashes. 

NM95 

- Efforts should be made to establish more traditional types of task force 

operations in the State. TX 

 g. Intergovernmental/Interagency Coordination, Cooperation Efforts 

- ** Law enforcement should occupy a prominent position on the Governor's 

Commission on Alcohol and Traffic Safety. CT93 

- ** Support development of an OWI task force comprised of police chiefs and 

law enforcement administrators. WI 

- ** Immediately convene regional task forces of law enforcement agencies and 

DMV to address mutual concerns, specifically, the administration and 

operation of administrative hearings. WV 

- ** Immediately convene countywide/statewide task forces comprised of law 

enforcement, both command and field personnel, State's attorneys, and members 

of the judiciary to discuss mutual concerns and strengthen the trust and 

confidence between all partners of the criminal justice system. MD 

E-34
- ** Promote a cooperative working environment by sponsoring and conducting 

regional highway safety conferences that will bring together law enforcement, 

prosecutors, judiciary, medical professionals, and others who may be 

appropriate to address concerns and discuss issues of importance to the 

participants. NC 

- ** Develop a State-level traffic law enforcement capability composed of 

full-authority commissioned officers who are expert in all aspects of 

training and traffic law enforcement techniques. HI 

- Establish an Attorney General's quarterly regional meeting to be hosted by 

the Montana Highway Patrol to discuss DUI enforcement and legislative 

proposals. MT 

- The GHSO should develop common DUI strategies with the Ohio Association of 

Chiefs of Police and Buckeye State Sheriff's Association. OH 

- The GHSO should continue to support the expansion of DUI Task Forces 

throughout the State. OH 

- The ILCC should ensure that enforcement is uniform and that each local 

liquor commission coordinates compliance efforts. IL 

- The GHSO should work with and support the OHD in evaluating and upgrading 

alcohol breath-testing instruments in the rural parts of the State. OH 

 

- Gain program/project support of legislators through the educational efforts 

of State Chiefs and Sheriffs' organizations. WV 

- Work with safe communities coalitions to resolve jurisdictional issues on 

tribal lands. ND 

 

- Continue and expand the cooperative enforcement initiatives among State, 

county, and municipal agencies that have proven successful in detecting 

impaired drivers. GA 

- Appoint a Governor's Traffic Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee 

(TLECC). OK 

- Market the DWI message to local law enforcement executives through the law 

enforcement liaisons. MN03 

- Because of border problems, Texas should actively seek involvement in a 

Mexican liaison program similar to the ones in California and Arizona. TX 

- The highway safety community needs to demonstrate to the law enforcement 

community that the cost of traffic incidents exceeds the cost of general 

crime and that visible traffic enforcement deters other crimes. MD91 

- Create a climate of acceptance for advanced impaired-driver detection 

techniques (HGN-DRE) among the top law enforcement administrators, the 

judiciary, prosecutors, and laboratory personnel. WI93 

- Office of Transportation Safety should continue to stress the value and 

importance of interagency cooperation for DUI enforcement special events and 

adjacent community-based DUI prevention programs. CO 

E-35
- Local police chiefs/sheriffs should encourage cooperation with State liquor 

special investigation agents. NM91 

- Participate with DMV in establishing a defined hearing schedule. WV93 

 h. Community-based Partnerships, Coalitions 

- ** Aggressively continue to pursue the establishment of community-based 

traffic safety programs emphasizing DUII enforcement and adjudication. OR 

- Form new, and expand existing, law enforcement and community partnerships. 

WV 

- Continue or initiate active participation in various support groups and 

coalition partnerships. NC 

- Continue to be active in and provide support to community-based 

partnerships/coalitions. MD 

- Encourage the participation of law enforcement agencies in safe communities 

teams. ND 

- Provide a priority objective for local law enforcement through the 

Community/WORKS planning program to strictly enforce the DUI laws. CA 

- Encourage and participate in statewide PI&E programs that can be 

demonstrated to result in behavioral change. WV93 

 i. DUI Reporting Systems for Citizens 

- Initiate a statewide reporting system for cellular phone users who observe 

impaired-driving behavior. CA 

- DOT should erect signs publicizing the citizen cellular telephone reporting 

system for reporting DWI. MN95 

- Develop local "hotlines" to report DWI offenders. NM 

2. TECHNOLOGY/EQUIPMENT (purchase, funding, training, policies, etc.) 

 

- ** Funds should be made available to all agencies to purchase state-of-theart equipment, e.g., breath-testing equipment, video camcorders, etc. NM91 

- ** TSB should develop equipment grants for law enforcement agencies to 

purchase DWI trailers, alcohol/drug testing equipment, in-car cameras, and 

other DWI equipment. NM 

- Evaluate, purchase, and provide technology devices that will enhance the 

abilities of officers in the field, e.g., handheld barcode scanners that will 

provide real-time data on driver licenses and vehicle registration. NC 

- Explore and continue the use of technology for youth alcohol reduction and 

the detection, apprehension, and prosecution of impaired drivers. ND 

 a. PBTs/Intoxilyzers 

- ** Assure that the annual certification of all Intoxilyzer 5000 operators 

is accomplished. MT94 

E-36
- ** Purchase PBT and provide training in the use of PBT devices. NM95 

- ** Purchase and strategically place state-of-the-art breath-testing 

devices. NM95 

- ** Provide PBT devices to all law enforcement officers assigned to patrol 

duties. MI 

- ** Obtain an adequate number of evidentiary breath test instruments to 

provide temporary replacements when an assigned instrument is removed for 

repairs. RI 

 - ** Establish guidelines and training procedures for PBT devices and 

furnish them to each officer on preventive patrol. IL 

- ** All law enforcement officers should be trained in the operation of the 

breath-testing equipment. VA 

- Policy should be developed governing the use of PBT equipment. This policy 

should be in conjunction with other SFST policy in that the PBT is the same 

sort of test. CT00

- Ensure that all law enforcement agencies have Intoxilyzer 5000s and PBTs at 

their disposal. WV 

 

- Install and maintain Intoxilyzers in all counties. MT 

 

- Provide PBTs for all officers engaged in patrol duties throughout the State 

and for all DABCTE agents. DE 

 

- Replace aging evidentiary breath-testing equipment with state-of—the-art 

equipment. IL 

 

- Expand statewide distribution of new intoximeters and provide additional 

PBT devices to municipal agencies and sheriffs’ departments. MD 

 

- Pursue the deployment of “BATmobiles” for enforcement purposes. IL 

 

- Continue the process of upgrading the breath-testing equipment in Virginia. 

VA 

- Develop and implement policies which encourage (if not require) the 

use of PBTs by patrol officers. DE 

- Conduct a pilot program using passive alcohol sensors during sobriety 

checkpoint operations. GA 

- Obtain PBT's for all officers assigned to patrol duties. RI 

- Identify a standard PBT for use throughout the State and place the 

responsibility for oversight within the Department of Health, Breath Alcohol 

Program. MO 

- Eliminate the exclusion for local police use of the PBT as a first test. MO 

- Identify a standard breath evidentiary instrument for use throughout the 

state. MO 

E-37
- Continue funding for enforcement technologies, e.g., PBTs or evidentiary 

instrumentation. MO 

- Locate Breathalyzers/Intoxilyzers strategically and conveniently throughout 

the State. OK 

- Pilot-test the use of roadside evidentiary alcohol concentration testing 

devices in rural areas where Intoxilyzer instruments are not readily 

available. MN03 

- Consideration should be given to the certification of all officers in the 

operation of the Intoxilyzer. WI93 

 

- Provide PBT for all patrol and traffic enforcement officers. IN01 

- Develop and implement policies that require the use of PBT instruments by 

patrol officers when they suspect driver intoxication. IN01 

- Furnish PBTs to all officers having a need to administer PBTs. WV93 

- The Intoxilyzer 5000 represents current technology that enhances the 

ability to combat the DUI. Continued efforts to expand this program to all 

areas of the State should be high on the priority list. MT94 

- Complete the upgrade of all Intoxilyzer 5000s. WV93 

- In the absence of a requirement for recertification of Intoxilyzer 

operators, adopt an agency policy for periodic recertification. WV93 

- PBTs should be made available to all jurisdictions that want to use them. 

VA 

 b. Video/Audio Equipment 

- ** Require the use of the in-car video cameras to enhance prosecution of 

impaired drivers. DE 

- ** Provide patrol officers with in-car video cameras and develop 

standardized written policies for all agencies regarding their use. DE 

- The video camera represents current technology that enhances the ability to 

combat the DUI. Continued efforts to expand this program to all areas of the 

State should be high on the priority list. MT94 

- Study need for providing video- and audio-taping capabilities. IL 

- Expand the use of in-vehicle video cameras and operations. WV 

- Video cameras should be made available to all jurisdictions that want to 

use them. VA 

- Consider expanded funding and use of in-car videotaping of suspected 

impaired drivers from initial violation sighting through sobriety testing and 

arrest procedures. MD 

- Provide additional in-car video cameras to enhance DUI prosecution. IN01 

- Continue to fund and provide video/audio capabilities. NM95 

E-38
- Provide funds for on-board video camcorders in every patrol unit used to 

make DUI arrests. AZ 

- Continue to fund the in-car video systems and the total station technology 

initiatives. MO 

 c. Mobile DUI Testing/Processing Vehicles 

 

- Improve the efficiency and magnify the profile of DUII enforcement in large 

metropolitan areas by the development of a mobile DUII processing vehicle. OR 

 

- Provide for those outlying areas, a mobile van equipped with breath-testing 

devices to be used during selective enforcement activities. AK 

- Provide funding for the expansion of the mobile breath-testing vans to 

reduce processing time. CA 

- Continue to fund the BAT van program. MO 

- Pursue the acquisition of additional mobile Breath Alcohol Testing Units to 

facilitate impaired driver arrest processing where needed. GA 

3. LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL (deployment, qualifications, hiring, retaining 

issues, etc.) 

- ** Hire additional troopers to fill the Minnesota State Patrol vacancies. 

MN03 

- ** Hawaii needs to establish statewide standards for selection, 

certification, training, and retention of all police officers. HI 

- Employ or train additional breath-test device technicians or chemists 

in order to provide the required testimony in DUI trials. DE 

- Seek and develop innovative ideas for hiring and retaining qualified police 

officers. VT 

- An effort needs to be made to obtain full police certification and 

authority for Liquor Control Division agents. Further, the Liquor Control 

Division should be enabled to take "dual" administrative actions against a 

licensee that parallels criminal actions. CT00 

- Methods should be explored that might offset the loss of resources, i.e., 

expansion of the auxiliary trooper concept with increased authority and 

responsibility. CT93 

- Increase law enforcement manpower in order to provide proactive DWI 

enforcement. AK 

- Evaluate the normal non-emergency calls for service. Many may be handled by 

methods other than response by officer, i.e., computer services, telephonic, 

etc. AK 

- Expanded use of crash and activity records should be made in the assignment 

of manpower. WI93 

- Enforcement resource needs should be assessed in the light of the modern 

"looking beyond the ticket" as a deterrent to criminal activity. Federally 

funded traffic enforcement dollars are short and criminal activities such as 

E-39
gangs and guns are new priorities. Proper use of traffic enforcement 

assignments will accomplish the desired reduction of collision frequency and 

be a deterrent to criminal activities without the need for additional 

resources. HI 

4. FUNDING FOR ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS 

- ** A violator surcharge of $2.00 should be levied on all traffic citations 

written in the State and be used for law enforcement and judicial training. 

CO 

- ** Initiate an executive-level task force to develop funding to provide 

personnel and resources to sustain a high-priority DUII enforcement and 

education program statewide. OR 

- ** Re-establish funding for county DUI task forces. MT 

- ** The CDDP should review its grant funding process. Special attention 

should be given to rural and smaller agencies in an attempt to encourage 

their participation, such as providing application and logistical assistance. 

WV 

- ** Dedicate a percentage of the overtime funding for use only in joint 

projects. MT94 

- Continue to fund saturation patrol programs. WI 

- Obtain additional funding for local and State driving-under-the-influence 

saturation patrols. RI 

- Develop a pilot enforcement project using overtime. GA 

- Seek out additional grant opportunities in order to put more traffic 

officers on the streets and highways of Delaware. DE 

- All efforts need to be made to find the resources necessary for Virginia's 

law enforcement agencies’ successful traffic safety programs. VA 

- Grant funding should be used to adequately implement additional saturation 

patrols, sobriety checkpoints, etc. MD 

- Explore new funding sources to maintain or increase enhanced enforcement of 

alcohol/drug enforcement, i.e., surcharges on driver license reinstatement 

fees earmarked for enhanced enforcement, through overtime, hiring more 

officers, or a DUI squad. ND 

 

- Checkpoints and task force enforcement efforts are used but concepts are 

not universal - some agencies report their inability to cooperate. The GHSO 

is working with the THP to prioritize high-frequency DUI/DWI locations in the 

allocation of overtime grant funding. To enhance the cooperative efforts, 

additional money could be included to pay the overtime of local officers used 

to supplement the THP manpower for these activities. TN 

- Place a higher priority on grant applications that include multiple -

jurisdiction impaired-driving task forces and enforcement efforts. DE 

- Support passage of a surcharge on beer sales. WV 

E-40
- Continue funding for DWI overtime for sobriety checkpoints, saturation 

patrols, and corridor enforcement. MO 

- Establish performance goals for funded enforcement efforts. RI 

- Explore additional means of funding saturation patrols. MI 

- OTS should consider granting the State Patrol overtime money to be used 

during special events (e.g., task forces). WI93 

- Support legislation to fund OWI task force from fines. WI 

- User-fee concepts should be explored to provide funds for adequate 

personnel and equipment for the detection of impaired drivers. MD91 

- Reallocate the second $50 of the reinstatement fee to the support of the 

County DUI Task Forces. MT94 

- Develop strategic plans that require cooperative law enforcement efforts in 

order to obtain funding from Office of Highway Safety. RI 

5. DRUG EVALUATION/CLASSIFICATION PROGRAMS (establishment of, maintain) 

- ** Establish a Drug Evaluation and Classification program. DE 

- ** Tennessee should seek entry into the Drug Evaluation and Classification 

(DEC) program. TN 

- Continue developing DRE programs. NM95 

- Connecticut should begin preparation for the Drug Recognition Expert 

program. CT93 

- Continue to fund DRE training. WI 

- Establish a Drug Evaluation and Classification (DEC) program. ND 

- The OSHP should develop a DRE program. OH 

- Develop a Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) program. VT 

 

- Continue the Drug Recognition Expert program. NM 

 

- Maintain DRE program. MD 

- Support and encourage expansion of the DRE program. NC 

6. LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING 

 a. DUI Detection Training 

- ** Implement a training program to enhance an officer's ability to detect 

and apprehend DWI suspects at lower levels of BAC and controlled substances. 

AK 

- ** In-service training needs should be assessed with OWI detection 

techniques being high on the list. WI93 

E-41
- ** Train patrol officers in the detection and apprehension of the DUI 

driver with attention given to recognizing lower BAC clues. HI 

- ** Alcohol training should be standardized and mandated in both recruit and 

in-service schools. VA 

- ** Hazards of the low-BAC driver and detection techniques should be 

taught. VA 

- ** The GHSO should promote the expansion of in-service Apprehension, 

Detection, Prosecution (ADP) training or NHTSA-approved SFST training 

throughout the State. OH 

- ** The ODPS should develop a central database of certified Apprehension, 

Detection, Prosecution (ADP) instructors and list all law enforcement 

officers trained in ADP. OH 

- ** The ODPS should ensure an annual four-hour refresher training program is 

provided for all certified Apprehension, Detection, Prosecution (ADP) 

instructors. OH 

- Continue and expand DUI detection training to ensure inclusion of smaller 

agencies and university police agencies. Initiate refresher training. WV 

- Efforts should be made to provide advanced DUI/DWI training for all 

officers in an attempt to further lower the average BAC of suspected DUI/DWI 

drivers. It has been shown that advanced training enables police officers 

to detect and apprehend lower-BAC drivers. TN 

- Ensure all law enforcement patrol officers receive training in DUI 

detection and apprehension techniques, i.e., detection cues for impaired 

drivers. GA 

 

- Provide intensive in-service training in detection and apprehension of 

impaired drivers. MI 

- Provide in-service training for the detection and apprehension of the 

intoxicated driver at lower levels of BAC. NM95 

- Police agencies should enhance the expertise of their street officers to 

detect and apprehend the DUI driver with a BAC testing in the 0.07 to 0.15 

range. CT93 

- DUI detection and apprehension techniques should be taught in an effort to 

lower the average BAC or arrested suspects. MT94 

- Require additional training for the detection of impaired drivers who 

present a danger to the motoring public before reaching high levels of BAC. 

WV93 

- Provide intensive in-service training regarding the identification of 

impaired drivers. MN95 

 b. Standardized Field Sobriety Test 

- ** SFSTs should be adopted by POST (Police Officer Standards and Training) 

and all officers trained in this concept. MT94 

E-42
- ** Mandate that NHTSA-certified SFST be a part of law enforcement basic 

training. MI 

- ** Provide NHTSA-approved SFST training to all licensed officers assigned 

to patrol duties. MN03 

- ** Develop a comprehensive plan and assure adequate resources for SFST 

training, instructor training, and refresher courses. RI 

- ** Mandate a uniform SFST procedure and make the procedure part of a 

uniform AIR report. IL 

- ** Continue the State's commitment to train law enforcement officers in 

SFST certification. GA 

- ** SFST training using the NHTSA model should be required. VA 

- Expand SFST training for law enforcement officers (both basic training and 

in-service training). NC 

- Provide mandatory refresher training in SFST for all law enforcement 

personnel who are enforcing DUI laws. MT 

- Train all patrol officers in Standardized Field Sobriety Tests including 

training on how best to introduce this evidence in a trial so that it is 

admissible. DE 

- Continue to train both recruits and in-service personnel in Standardized 

Field Sobriety Tests to include training on how best to introduce this 

evidence in a trial so that it is admissible. ND 

- Standardized Field Sobriety Test (SFST) training is needed in an in-service 

format for senior officers who have not yet received it. HI 

- Continue to train both recruits and in-service personnel in the latest 

methods of impaired-driving detection, e.g., NHTSA's Standardized Field 

Sobriety Test (SFST). MD 

 

- Police Officers Standards and Training should mandate SFST training for all 

law enforcement basic training. MN95 

- Mandate that SFST training be permanently institutionalized by CLEET. OK 

- Mandate that SFST be a part of law enforcement basic training. OK 

- Continue to train officers in SFST. MO 

- Ensure that SFST training is provided to current law enforcement officers 

on a regular basis. MI 

- Basic and in-service training should teach SFST to meet certified levels. 

AK 

 

- Train all patrol officers not previously trained in NHTSA SFST curriculum. 

IN01 

- Ensure all officers receive SFST training at the basic academy. IN01 

 

E-43
c. DUI Arrest/Traffic Law/Court Procedures Training 

- ** Provide additional training for officers in DUI arrest and court 

procedures to ensure quality prosecutions and reduce the number of plea 

bargains due to improper case preparation. IN01

- ** Provide additional training for officers in DUI arrest and court 

procedures to ensure quality prosecutions, reduce the number of plea 

bargains, and raise the percentage of convictions. DE 

- ** Train patrol officers in the areas of necessary paper work, court 

testifying, and training on how to deal with administrative hearings. HI 

- ** ABC laws and regulations should be taught. VA 

- ** Special training in the gathering of DUI evidence should be required. VA 

- Provide updated training of traffic and criminal law to law enforcement 

officers. ND 

 

- Standardize DUI forms and training of law enforcement officers in their use 

to ensure consistent evidence throughout the Commonwealth. VA 

- In-service training should be mandated in areas of high-liability potential 

such as pursuit driving, firearms, escalation of force, and areas dealing 

with wrongful arrest. MT94 

- Court procedures and techniques of testifying should be applied to cover 

new areas of technology required of the law enforcement officer. MT94 

 d. Drug Evaluation/Recognition Training 

- ** Increase the number of Drug Recognition Experts (DREs). IN01 

- ** Continue the State's commitment to train law enforcement officers in DRE 

certification. GA 

- ** Train officers in NHTSA's course, "Drugs That Impair." ND 

- Train and deploy Drug Recognition Experts to enhance efforts to apprehend 

and successfully prosecute drivers who are impaired by drugs or a combination 

of drugs and alcohol. DE

- Train and strategically deploy DREs to enhance efforts to apprehend and 

successfully prosecute drivers who are impaired by drugs or a combination of 

drugs and alcohol. ND 

- Seek entry into the Drug Evaluation and Classification (DEC) Program to 

allow the State to properly train and supervise the Drug Recognition Experts 

needed to address the drugged-driving problem in the State. TN 

- Provide Drug Recognition Expert training to officers. VT 

- Continue and expand the Drug Recognition Expert training programs for law 

enforcement. NM 

- Establish standard guidelines and training procedures for Drug Evaluation 

and Classification. IL 

E-44
- Develop and implement a comprehensive statewide DRE training program. OR 

- Train additional drug recognition experts. RI 

- Continue developing the Drug Abuse Recognition Program and implement it 

statewide as a standard for patrol officers. CA 

- Mandate that DEC training be permanently institutionalized by CLEET. OK 

- Mandate that DEC be a part of law enforcement basic training. OK 

- Train additional Drug Recognition Experts in rural areas. MN03 

- Continue to train officers in DRC training. MO 

- Encourage ISP to re-instate the Drug Evaluation and Classification/DRE 

program for their troopers. IN01 

- NCHP should reconsider the DEC program since some of its original concerns 

have now been addressed and the sophistication of the quantifying instruments 

has been improved. NC95 

- Introduce and support DRE training. MI 

- Basic and in-service training should teach DEC to meet certified levels. AK 

- During implementation of the DRE block of training, a process of 

certification should be established for the practitioner. WI93 

 e. Video Evidence 

- ** Train officers on the use of the cameras, the policies, and introduction 

of video evidence in court. DE 

 f. Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus 

- Continue to train both recruits and in-service personnel in horizontal gaze 

nystagmus (HGN) including training on how best to introduce this evidence in 

a trial so it is admissible. ND 

- Train all patrol officers in horizontal gaze nystagmus and include training 

on how best to introduce this evidence in a trial so it is admissible. DE 

- Ensure all officers receive HGN training at the basic academy. IN01 

 

- Basic and in-service training should teach HGN to meet certified levels. AK 

- During implementation of the SFST/HGN block of training, a process of 

certification should be established for the HGN practitioner. This process 

could be expanded into the DRE program with ease. WI93 

 g. Law Enforcement Leadership/Management Training 

- The GHSO should support the provision of a leadership-training program for 

police managers in DUI enforcement. OH 

- Develop a training program for police managers in DUI enforcement 

management. VT 

E-45
- Office of Transportation Safety should take the lead in developing and 

implementing a traffic program management course for law enforcement 

management. CO 

- Develop the capacity to train supervisors and managers in the special 

skills needed for Traffic Program Management. OR 

 h. Training in Underage Drinking Issues 

- ** In-service training needs should be assessed with the effects of alcohol 

on juveniles being high on the list. WI93 

- ** Train law enforcement in underage drinking issues, including binge 

drinking and large party dispersal techniques. ND 

- ** Training should be provided on the importance of juvenile enforcement. 

VA 

- Implement and provide training programs to local agencies for the Cops in 

Shops programs. MI 

- Additional training and/or policy need to be developed in the 

administration of the Zero Tolerance DUI violations. CT00 

- Training should be provided on the importance of juvenile DUI enforcement. 

MT94 

 i. Impaired Commercial Motor Vehicle Operator Enforcement Training 

 

- Provide training to law enforcement officers in commercial motor vehicle 

operator impaired-driver enforcement. GA 

- Consider developing counterterrorism training that includes modules of 

commercial vehicle enforcement and awareness of fraudulent identification. NC 

 

 m. In-Service Training Requirements 

- Require that the Montana POST agency enforce the training requirements for 

new officers (training within one year). MT94 

- Establish requirements for continuing annual in-service training for all 

law enforcement personnel. MT94

- In-service training requirements should be prescribed that ensure that 

training is uniformly available to all officers. The development of in-state 

instruction capabilities that will replace the Section 402 funded out-ofstate instructions now used will prepare for the inevitable loss of the 

temporary "seed" money provided by the Federal government. CT93 

 

 n. Other Training Recommendations 

- ** A user group or committee should be established to examine the whole 

training issue and make recommendations for improvement. Establishment of a 

central training records repository is necessary. WI93 

- Provide Ignition Interlock awareness training for all law enforcement 

personnel. MO 

E-46
7. JUDICIAL/PROSECUTOR TRAINING 

- ** Train prosecutors on how to introduce DRE evidence. IN01 

- ** Establish an annual statewide law enforcement and prosecutors DUI 

conference to ensure quality DUI arrests and prosecution. MT 

- ** Train prosecutors on the introduction of video evidence. DE

- ** Joint prosecutorial/law enforcement training sessions on courtroom 

presentation and procedures should be required. VA

- ** Training on the benefits of the VASAP program should be provided. VA 

- Establish annual DUI conferences for judges. MT 

- Organize and conduct prosecution and judicial training in an effort to gain 

support for sobriety test and DRE testimony. MD 

- Provide training in DRE practices and procedures for prosecutors and 

judges. RI

8. ALCOHOL SERVERS/SELLER TRAINING 

- Increase alcohol-server training and include presentations by 

representatives of law enforcement, insurance industry, prosecution and 

others deemed appropriate. NC 

- Continue and expand ABCC TEAM training statewide. WV 

- Mandate TEAM training for all new servers/sellers of alcoholic beverages. 

WV 

- Implement training by the ABLE Commission to other agencies for Cops in 

Shops programs. OK 

- Implement training by the ABLE Commission in the area of identification and 

recognition of false and fraudulent identification documents. OK 

9. ABC ENFORCEMENT 

- Establish law enforcement authority for agents within the Liquor Control 

Division. MN95 

- Provide adequate resources for the Liquor Control Section to perform its 

mandated duties. RI 

- Ensure the continuation of the ABC and its enforcement efforts to maintain 

this vital program. CA 

- Provide training in the application and enforcement of routine liquor laws 

for local police agencies. MT94 

10. LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT FOR ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS 

- ** Support and work for a statute lowering BAC for operators under 21. A 

BAC of 0.02 or less is recommended. AK 

E-47
- ** Enact legislation to impound motor vehicles at the time of DUI arrest. 

IN01 

- ** Amend the State law to allow law enforcement officers to maintain 

certification of evidentiary breath-test instruments in order to provide the 

necessary resources to adequately provide required services. RI 

- ** Thorough research of the sobriety checkpoint situation is needed. If 

Texas needs legislation to initiate checkpoints, then this should be at the 

top of the priority list. TX 

- Statutory restrictions should be overcome to allow the advancement of the 

skills and quality of police effectiveness (e.g., SFST, DRE program). NM91 

- Support 0.08 per se legislation. WI 

- Establish an alcohol concentration of 0.08 as the illegal per se limit. MI 

- Law enforcement should support the passage of a statutory requirement of a 

0.08 BAC. AK 

- Enact legislation to set the per se alcohol concentration level to 0.08. 

MN95

 

- Amend Open Container laws to prohibit any possession of an open container 

by any occupant of a motor vehicle so intoxicants are not legally easily 

accessible for a driver. IN01 

- Expand the provisions of 82.1000 to allow for all jurisdictions to develop 

and implement DWI related vehicle forfeiture programs. MO

- Support and work for a change in the statute to allow more than one 

chemical test in the arresting officer’s discretion, with blood and urine 

being included. AK 

- Pass legislation to provide law enforcement the authority to pursue the 

taking of blood and urine samples from suspected offenders who show signs of 

being under the influence of controlled substances. OR 

- Efforts should be made to restore the viable law enforcement option of 

sobriety checkpoints in compliance with U.S. Supreme Court guidelines. WI93 

- Wisconsin should repeal the statutory restrictions regarding the use of 

sobriety checkpoints. Law enforcement should develop a controlled and 

accepted checkpoint procedure. WI93 

- Support legislation to permit sobriety checkpoints. WI 

- Amend existing laws to allow sobriety checkpoints. RI 

- Enact legislation that provides for consistent enforcement of underage 

sales and “adults providing.” MN03 

11. STATEWIDE DATA/EVALUATION 

- ** There is an urgent need for statewide data. Tennessee should seek input 

from local agencies for the development of a uniform traffic citation. If 

possible, these forms should be developed, printed, serialized, and issued to 

all entities that issue such documents pursuant to their official duties. It 

E-48
is impossible to accurately assess the size of the Tennessee DUI/DWI problem 

without this step being taken. TN

- Streamline and centralize all data files to assist the ability of officers 

in the field to complete their investigations. Driver licenses, registration 

of vehicles, criminal history, and citation records should be housed in one 

statewide agency. HI 

- A central repository of all BAC testing records is needed to allow accurate 

substance abuse assessments of BAC levels in arrests and evaluation of the 

needs for training. Current agency estimates are from 0.147 to 0.164. This 

indicates a need for training in the detection and apprehension of the lowerBAC driver. HI 

- A method of capturing and making available timely collision statistics 

needs attention. Local police are maintaining their own data systems in 

addition to the system at HDOT. Uploading of the information from the local 

agency to HDOT would eliminate one entry process. HI 

- Develop a standardized short-form collision report form for capturing 

information in the less serious collisions. HI 

- Assign statutory responsibility to the Department of Health to collect BAC 

results from all tests in the State and make the data available. VT 

- Evaluate the effectiveness of both the DARE program and the in-car video 

programs. VT 

- Conduct a cost-benefit analysis of a blood-testing site to be established 

at the MSP lab versus sending samples out-of-state for processing. MD 

- Increase DWI conviction rates by surveying counties with disproportionately 

low DWI conviction rates to determine corrective action needed to improve 

conviction rates. NM 

- Implement a DUI tracking system to enable accurate determination of the 

impaired-driving problem. ND 

- Determine through the use of empirical data the reasons for inconsistent 

enforcement of DWI laws in different geographic locations within Minnesota. 

MN03 

- Research the times and days of the week in the metropolitan areas where 

breath-testing instruments are backlogged. MN03 

- Develop a statewide, computerized system for arrest, crash, judicial 

disposition, and administrative revocation data. WV93 

- Establish a centralized agency to deal directly with DWI dispositions to 

enhance enforcement of multiple DWI offenders. NM91 

- Begin an evaluation program for video camera operations. WV93 

- Develop statewide data systems that will provide comprehensive traffic 

violator contact and arrest information so that appropriate data are 

available to assist with analysis of traffic enforcement activities and their 

effect on traffic collisions. IN01 

E-49
- A decentralized system of data entry needs to be established that will 

allow local entry and centralized, automated off-loading into the DOT 

collision file. CT93 

- The Driver License Section should place a higher priority upon the 

available CDL data to insure it is available to the judicial and law 

enforcement community. NC95 

12. ADJUDICATION PROCESS 

- ** Administrative hearing rules need to be adjusted to prevent the existing 

criminal discovery circus. CT93 

- ** File all alcohol offenses in a court of record. OK 

- ** Immediately convene a task force to examine the issues involving the 

inability to have horizontal gaze nystagmus evidence admitted in judicial 

proceedings. NC 

- ** Conduct a study of Juvenile Court procedures to determine deficiencies 

and to seek remedies in an effort to encourage law enforcement to enforce 

underage consumption and impaired-driving statutes. TN 

- Assign experienced prosecutors to DUI trials and ensure they remain in 

those assignmenta in order to develop expertise in DUI prosecutions. DE 

- End all “automatic continuances" to ensure a decrease in the high rate of 

dismissals. WV 

- Initiate a streamlined administrative process for implied-consent hearings. 

TN 

- Efforts should be made to overcome the adverse court ruling referencing HGN 

with the availability of expert testimony in those cases. TN 

- Encourage the judiciary and county prosecutors to develop better scheduling 

methods to reduce the multiple appearances in court for patrol officers. CA 

13. ENHANCEMENT OF THE ARREST PROCESS 

- ** Simplification of the DUI arrest process is imperative. Many elements 

have been added piecemeal, creating a cumulative effect on arresting officers 

that is stifling. Many elements are repetitive and should be combined or 

eliminated. DMV, prosecutors, detention facilities, and the courts should 

review and simplify their requirements. CT00 

- ** The Police Crash Report and Driving While Impaired forms should be 

standardized and certified. NC95 

- ** Develop and use a uniform impaired-driving apprehension investigation 

report form to ensure standardized case preparation throughout the state. 

IN01 

- ** Establish a committee of experts in the fields of law enforcement, 

prosecution, adjudication, and records for the purpose of reducing the amount 

of paper that must be generated with each DUI arrest. AZ 

- ** Streamlining the paperwork flow necessary to the DUI arrest should be 

undertaken. HI 

E-50
- ** Develop strategies to reduce the time required to process minors for the 

consumption of alcoholic beverages, including the establishment of community 

"holdover" programs. VT 

- Reduce the transport and arrest process time through an assessment of the 

allocation and geographic distribution of breath-testing equipment. In 

addition, provide breath test devices to as many rural enforcement agencies 

as possible. NC 

- Mandate the use of a Uniform Traffic Ticket. IL 

 

- Investigate methods of reducing the arrest processing time. Consider 

automation where possible and the elimination or combination of required 

forms and reports. MD 

- A standardized short-form collision report could help in capturing 

information on the less serious collisions. HI 

- Seek consolidation of paperwork forms and processes to enhance the arrest 

process and lessen the burden placed on law enforcement in DUI/DWI 

situations. TN 

- Ensure control of citations by creating a completed loop from issuance to 

the agency to the return of the record to the same source agency. HI 

 

- Ensure timely reporting of impaired-driving arrests following blood sample 

withdrawal. NC 

- Require that a uniform traffic citation be used by all law enforcement 

agencies in the State. OK 

- Require consistency and uniformity in paperwork by all agencies for the 

processing of all DUI offenders. OK 

- Complete the Justice Link system and equip the remaining police departments 

with mobile data terminals in order to save patrol officers valuable time and 

put them back on the street. RI 

- Look at methods to make the report-writing processes more efficient for the 

patrol officer. The linkage of the various databases is critical to this 

system. CA 

- Eliminate the requirement to have the Alcohol Influence Report Form 2389 

notarized. MO 

- Texas should establish a uniform traffic and criminal complaint form 

(citation) that is serialized and standardized. Responsibility should be 

established for the issuance of these forms and a tracking capability built 

in. TX 

- The DWI form should include space to record the PBT and horizontal gaze 

nystagmus test. NC95 

- Examine, evaluate, and streamline the formal reports needed to be completed 

by law enforcement. Add a requirement that law enforcement indicate the time 

of operation in all crash reports. CT00 

E-51
- Officers should be assured of support when they indicate that a driver 

involved in a crash has been drinking but no arrest was made. This 

information needs to be included on the crash report and the report form 

needs revision to accommodate this input. CT00 

- Participate with judicial and administrative officials in "streamlining" 

the DUI arrest and disposition procedures. WV93 

- Implement automation processes where possible (e.g., booking procedures, 

citations, mobile data computers). WV 

14. DWI TRACKING/DATA SYSTEMS 

- ** Develop a process whereby a conviction of DWI is linked to the 

offender’s driving record. MO 

- ** The Office of Traffic Safety should establish a DWI tracking system 

advisory committee representative of all users including State and local law 

enforcement. MN95 

- Create a central repository for all citations issued by the MO enforcement 

community. MO 

- Review the records maintained by the Division of Motor Carriers and 

Railroad Safety pertaining to compliance reviews/audits and determine the 

feasibility of linking alcohol and drug violations to other systems. MO 

15. UNCATEGORIZED RECOMMENDATIONS 

- ** The Albuquerque DWI Vehicle Forfeiture and Immobilization Program should 

be expanded to other communities, although modified to fit the needs of the 

various communities. NM 

- Law enforcement needs to make additional efforts to preserve forensic 

evidence at crash scenes. Prosecutors should be contacted and their input 

sought as to the scope of the problem. CT00 

E-52
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 3D 

PROSECUTION 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. PROGRAM/COMMITMENT TO VIGOROUSLY PROSECUTE DWI 

- ** The full impact of the adversary system and the promise of State 

district attorneys of vigorous DWI prosecution can be realized only through 

uncompromising commitment to subsequent offender prosecution despite trial 

time demands or judicial attitudes. In its absence, present or future penalty 

enhancements for subsequent offenders are meaningless. NM91 

- ** Develop and implement a statewide program to target, prosecute, and 

punish the repeat offender. NM95 

- ** Encourage each district attorney to develop and implement a strong, 

articulated policy on DUI prosecutions that precludes plea-bargaining and 

includes a willingness to prosecute all DUI offenses regardless of the 

presence of a low allowable BAC level. CA 

- ** Encourage prosecutors to develop and implement a strong, articulate 

policy on DWI prosecutions that seeks expeditious resolution of cases, 

consistent and fair application of the laws, and decreased reliance on pleabargaining and guilty pleas to lesser offenses. TX 

- Vigorously prosecute all subsequent offenders and seek a full range of 

enhanced penalties, such as vehicle impoundment. NM91 

- All appeals must be vigorously prosecuted and all penalties imposed pursued 

through the appeals process in district courts. NM91 

2. ENSURE STATE REPRESENTATION IN COURT BY PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE 

- ** Provide for the State to be represented by counsel at revocation 

hearings. NM 

- ** Amend the Virginia Code to require a prosecutor to appear and represent 

the Commonwealth in all traffic, DUI, and juvenile proceedings. VA 

- Make prosecutors available on arraignment days or at pretrial conference 

hearings for purposes of discussing case dispositions in JP Courts until DUI 

cases are removed from these courts. DE 

- Require a State's legal representative at DMV revocation hearings. WV93

3. USE EXPERIENCED PROSECUTORS/REDUCE STIGMA OF HANDLING DUI CASES 

- ** Rotate senior prosecutors through DUI prosecution so that it doesn't 

carry the stigma of being “unimportant” and “low priority.” HI 

- DUI cases should be given a higher priority and prosecuted by experienced, 

trained prosecutors. GA 

- Rotate senior prosecutors through divisions in which DUI/DWI cases are 

prosecuted so these divisions do not develop the stigma of being of minimal 

importance or of being simply basic training grounds from which one should 

strive to advance. TN 

E-53
- Rotate senior prosecutors through DWI prosecution so that it does not carry 

the stigma of being “unimportant” and “low priority.” MO 

- Encourage the use of experienced assistant attorneys general and solicitors 

in DUI prosecutions. RI 

4. RECOGNIZE DUI AS SPECIALIZED PROSECUTION AREA/TRAIN 

- ** Recognize DUI as a specialized area of prosecution that requires 

specific training and understanding of the dynamics and characteristics of 

alcohol and drug abusers. Dedicate at least one prosecutor as the DUI 

prosecutor and pay them as specialty division chief. HI 

- Recognize DUI/DWI as a specialized area of prosecution that requires 

special training. Districts should designate at least one prosecutor as the 

lead DUI/DWI prosecutor or division chief, with enhanced compensation for 

that responsibility. TN 

- Recognize DWI as a specialized area of prosecution and dedicate at least 

one prosecutor as a DWI prosecutor and pay them accordingly. MO 

- Develop a core of specially trained assistant prosecutors assigned to the 

prosecution of DWI cases. NC

5. PROSECUTOR/HEARING OFFICER STAFFING RESOURCES 

- ** Provide funding for additional prosecutors and judges to eliminate the 

current DUI case backlog. CT00 

- ** Increase and strengthen resources available to the prosecutors for trial 

court work in impaired-driving cases as follows: provide additional 

prosecutors in the counties and obtain training in cooperation with the 

National District Attorneys Association and NHTSA. VT 

- Consider funding full-time deputy State's attorneys to share the workload 

of contiguous counties. ND 

- Explore legislative changes and consider adequate funding to allow an 

elected State's attorney an option to go full-time or serve in more than one 

county to obviate the pressure to maintain a private practice. ND 

- Provide sufficient resources to county and city attorneys to allow them to 

prosecute DUI cases. MT 

- Place all OWI caseload responsibilities with the district attorneys and 

give them adequate resources to manage that caseload. WI 

- Seek funding for Assistant District Attorneys who could be assigned to 

local DWI task forces. NC95 

- State finance authorities should provide adequate attorney resources and 

support staff to all prosecutor offices. NM91 

- Explore the possibility of designating specific individuals with 

prosecutorial responsibility in DUI cases and pooling resources for multicounty projects. WV93 

- Provide funding to hire additional hearing officers for revocation cases. 

NM 

E-54
6. FUNDING FOR DUI PROSECUTION COORDINATOR/SPECIALIST 

- ** Re-establish and obtain permanent funding for a DUI prosecution 

coordinator or specialist. CT00 

- ** Plan for permanent funding of a DUI prosecution coordinator. CT93 

- Obtain permanent funding for an impaired-driving prosecution coordinator or 

specialist. ND 

7. RESOURCES TO INFORM PUBLIC ABOUT PROSECUTION EFFORTS/ROLE 

- Provide prosecutors with materials that will assist them in informing the 

public about the prosecutorial role and the safety reasons for impaireddriving prosecutions. ND 

8. FUNDING FOR TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE PROSECUTION EFFORTS 

- Assist the State's attorneys in obtaining technology improvements for case 

management within their offices and to better communicate and coordinate with 

law enforcement and the courts. ND 

- Additional funding should be provided to upgrade the infrared breathtesting equipment. MD91 

9. ENSURE AVAILABILITY OF DRIVER HISTORY TO PROSECUTOR 

- Ensure the availability to prosecutors and judges of timely, accurate 

information on the drivers and criminal history of DWI offenders. TX 

- All prosecutors should have current driver histories available prior to the 

start of any DUI prosecution. GA 

10. FUNDING FOR PLANNING EFFORTS 

- ** The GHSO should fund the Ohio Prosecuting Attorney's Association to 

review the prosecution of impaired driving in Ohio and to develop a 

comprehensive plan to obtain improvements. OH 

11. PROGRAMS TO RETAIN QUALIFIED PROSECUTORS 

- Investigate methods for attracting and retaining new assistant prosecutors 

including enhanced salary and fringe benefits, credits toward satisfaction of 

student loans, and use of employment contracts for specified periods of 

employment. NC 

- Increase the pay of deputy prosecutors in order to reduce the high turnover 

that occurs in this position. HI 

12. PROSECUTION TRAINING/EDUCATION 

- ** Require annual DUI training for county and city attorneys. MT 

- ** Implement the interactive computer-assisted training statewide and use 

it for prosecutor training. AZ 

E-55
- ** Provide more extensive continuing education to prosecutors, especially 

those who are employed on a part-time basis. MN03 

- ** Provide continuing, statewide DUI training for prosecutors so that new 

prosecutors moving into the DUI specialty have adequate training in this 

field. The training should include both legal education and technology 

training so that equipment and data available from other government agencies 

are properly used in the battle against impaired driving. HI 

- ** Implement training on a frequent and routine basis for prosecutors of 

impaired-driving cases. Because of the turnover among prosecutors, developing 

and maintaining a trial manual with trial presentation issues and current 

case law could be very beneficial. MD 

- Eliminate "relevant work experience" (in place of college degree) as a 

qualification for hearing officers and strive to have hearing officers who 

have more than minimal legal training. WV 

- Provide for entry level and in-service training for all prosecutors with an 

emphasis on DUI, vehicular homicide, DRE procedures, and other alcohol/drug 

offenses. Develop a DUI prosecution manual. GA 

- Organize both the office holding prosecutor and the deputies as a single 

organization with annual statewide training seminars. Use this collective 

organization as a lobbying group for DUI legislation. HI 

- Establish a network for senior and supervising attorneys to share and 

disseminate information and tactics in the prosecution of DUI offenders. IL

- Through education and communication, encourage consistency in the 

prosecution of DWI offenses throughout the State. TX 

- The DA's Association should take an active role in the formal training of 

police officers. CO 

- Set specific training standards for the prosecution of DUI cases and fund 

such training. WV93 

- Include City Attorneys in the training provided by the County Prosecutor's 

Service Bureau and require a DUI component every year. MT94 

- Encourage and formalize a ride-along program between prosecutors and law 

enforcement. CT00 

- Implement special prosecutorial training and support for all DUI 

prosecutors. Several courses now exist, including one offered by NHTSA. WV 

- Provide prosecutors with standardized and specialized DWI training, 

including training in drug impairment. NM 

- Develop a formal and continuing impaired-driving education program for 

prosecutors that will provide continuing legal education (CLE) credits. A 

critical element of the education program will be a trial skills component 

for the new prosecutor. The alcohol and other drug science segments should be 

prepared and presented by those who are experts in the fields. The education 

opportunities should include support to attend the national programs as well 

as in-State programs. ND 

E-56
- Provide for entry-level and in-service training for all prosecutors with an 

emphasis on DUI, vehicular homicide, VASAP (Virginia Alcohol Safety Action 

Program) procedures, and alcohol offenses. VA 

- Integrate training of all prosecutors with that of law enforcement 

officers. VA 

- Implement cross-discipline DUI training involving county attorneys, city 

attorneys, and law enforcement officers. MT 

- Provide continuing statewide training for prosecutors so prosecutors moving 

into divisions in which DUI/DWI cases are handled will have adequate training 

in the prosecution of these cases. TN 

- Require regular DUI training for assistant attorneys general and 

solicitors. RI 

- Provide annual specialized DUII training to prosecutors on all elements of 

the system including law enforcement, DMV, judges, and treatment providers. 

OR 

- The Attorney General's Teleconference Network should be expanded to provide 

a format of regularly scheduled training, including impaired-driving 

prosecution. MN95 

- Adopt a mentor program in the larger prosecutors' offices. AZ 

- The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should assist prosecutors in 

obtaining training that is DWI-specific. AK 

- Design and deliver the necessary educational opportunities to the district 

attorneys and municipal attorneys to improve the prosecution of OWI cases. WI 

- Provide prosecutors with training and skill-building in basic DWI 

enforcement techniques (including SFST and DRE), State DWI requirements, and 

evidential and trial advocacy procedures and techniques that will enhance 

their ability to obtain convictions in DWI cases. Provide annual seminars 

focused on DWI and initiate a series of regional DWI trial advocacy courses. 

TX 

- Encourage training in HGN/SFST/DEC and the nature of addiction. NC95 

- Develop a comprehensive training plan. CT93 

- Train/retrain prosecutors regarding the proper administration of SFSTs. 

IN01 

- Develop standardized prosecutor training program through the New Mexico 

Institute of Public Law. NM95 

- Implement cross-discipline DUI training involving prosecutors and law 

enforcement officers. IN01 

- Develop a formal DUI education program for prosecutors that include alcohol 

and drug issues. CT00 

- Examine the possibility of joint educational opportunities with law 

enforcement on the issues surrounding DUI. CT00 

E-57
- Integrate training of prosecutors with the law enforcement in DUI matters. 

WV93 

-The Connecticut State Attorney's Office should build upon the training they 

have developed in-house and make it more comprehensive. Joint training with 

law enforcement should occur where practicable. CT93 

13. PROHIBIT/LIMIT DEFERRAL OF DUI CHARGES 

- ** Enact a law banning all deferrals of DUI charges by prosecutors. IN01 

- ** Enact a law limiting diversions of DUI charges by judges through 

legislatively approved standards that balance the interest of the accused 

against that of the State. IN01 

- Prohibit the application of deferred adjudication to DUI cases. MT94 

- As a matter of practice, disposition of DWI should not be accomplished 

through suspended imposition of sentence. MO 

14. PROHIBIT/LIMIT REDUCTION OF DUI CHARGES 

- ** Change the law to prohibit the reduction of DUI to DWAI in second and 

subsequent cases. CO 

- ** Prohibit the reduction of charges for people charged with DUI. OK 

- ** End the practice of "pleading down" charges from subsequent DUI charges 

to DUI first charges. WV 

- Curtail the practice of reducing a charge of DUI to one of reckless 

driving where the offender's BAC was 0.20 or higher, where the offender 

carried a child in the vehicle, where the offense resulted in a crash, 

with injury to another, or where the offender had a previous DUI 

conviction. DE 

- Enact legislation prohibiting reduction of DUI to lesser included offenses 

or to pleas of guilty to different charges. IL 

- Prosecutors should adopt a policy of not charging reckless driving as a 

companion offense to DUI/DWI. Should such a charge be warranted, a plea to it 

should not be allowed on the condition that the DUI/DWI charge be dismissed 

or placed on an inactive docket. Prosecutors should object to efforts to 

plead to uncharged reckless driving on the grounds that it constitutes a 

necessarily lesser included offense to charges of DUI/DWI. TN 

- Require the prosecutor to explain in writing the actual reason for any plea 

bargain in a DUI or vehicular homicide case. VA 

- Adopt a policy/statute prohibiting plea bargains in most cases. CT93 

- Prohibit the reduction of DUI cases to lesser traffic offenses. MT94 

- Prohibit plea bargaining on DUI and per se cases. RI 

E-58
15. EXAMINE/RESOLVE DUI BODY OF LAW ISSUES 

- ** Engage the prosecutors in the resolution of the blood/breath-testing 

issue as soon as possible by providing the resources to facilitate the 

discussion in a positive and constructive fashion. WI 

- ** Office of Traffic Safety should convene necessary justice system 

representatives to resolve the administrative problems that surround the 

implementation of the recently passed sanctioning initiatives of vehicle 

immobilization/forfeiture and the use of ignition control devices. WI93 

- ** The present OWI statute should be amended to end the ambiguity regarding 

violations occurring on "public lands" through the substitution of the 

broadest possible language eliminating any reference to place, residence, or 

ownership. WI93 

- ** The implied consent statute and its forms and procedures should be 

amended to negate the ambiguity inherent in its contrasting use of the words 

"any" and "each" to refer to tests administered to the impaired driver. WI93 

- Prosecution efforts cannot be made to depend on judicial or defense 

attitudes. District attorneys, as the chief law enforcement officers in their 

jurisdictions, should provide the leadership necessary to shape the law and 

its instruments in this area. NM91

- Involve prosecutors in determining statewide issues involving DUI matters. 

WV93 

- Include the district attorneys in the task force to research and consider 

the development of a model Wisconsin OWI code. WI 

- Change MI law to make OWI penalties the same as OUIL/UBAC. MI 

- Mandate the filing of DUI third cases in the district courts. MT94 

16. STREAMLINE/SPEED PROSECUTION OF DUI 

- ** The Governor's Highway Safety Program should work with a district 

attorney's office to develop a targeted prosecution pilot program for repeat 

offenders that will speed prosecution and assess appropriately severe 

sanctions. NC95 

- ** A system should be developed to target repeat offenders, speed 

prosecution, and assess appropriate sanctions. CO 

- ** Form a task force comprised of prosecution, judicial, defender, law 

enforcement, and MVD to implement differentiated case management of DUI cases 

focusing on appropriate disposition a the earliest possible time. AZ 

- ** Simplify procedures for identification and prosecution of repeat 

offenders. VA 

- ** Provide that all misdemeanor DWI filings will be made only in District, 

Metropolitan, and Magistrate Courts. Magistrate Courts would be provided with 

a DWI Division. Judges in the DWI Division would be licensed attorneys. DWI 

Division Courts would be courts of record. Trial de novo would be abolished, 

and appellate jurisdiction for each of these courts' decisions would be 

vested in the Court of Appeals. Adjudication in Magistrate Courts could be 

accomplished with a "team" of judges would/could sit statewide. Fine revenue 

E-59
would be allocated as presently done - the location of the violation would 

determine the entity to receive fine revenue. NM 

- ** Make all courts courts of record. NM95 

- ** Enact statutes providing for all DUI cases, other than felonies, to be 

initially prosecuted in Delaware's Common Pleas Courts. Justice of the Peace 

Courts should not be used for the prosecution of DUI cases. DE 

- ** Make driver licensing removal and reinstatement an administrative 

function within DMV. VA 

- ** End automatic continuances in revocation hearings and require "cause." 

WV 

- Enact legislation to require DUI offenses be tried in State courts of 

record. GA 

- When possible, prosecutors, and where available, defense counsel should 

attend arraignments and attempt to dispose of as many cases as possible, 

thereby reducing case inventories with the least investment of system 

resources. AZ 

- Inadequate or inexperienced prosecutorial efforts by city attorneys or 

police officers should be curtailed through the filing, where possible, of 

all DWI cases in county-based magistrate courts to ensure the prosecution or 

its supervision through the district attorney's office. NM91 

- Seek new ways to streamline the prosecution of the impaired-driving 

offenses through statutes and court rules. ND 

- Efforts should be made to eliminate the right for a de novo trial. MD 

- Prohibit stipulations to continue DWI cases unless the presiding judge 

specifically approves such stipulation. NC 

- Legislature should consider the enactment of time standards for 

the disposition of cases with requirement that courts provide written 

explanation to the Tennessee Supreme Court or the State Courts administrator 

as to the reason(s) why cases have lingered beyond prescribed periods. The 

average age of pending DUI/DWI cases in each district should be published. TN 

- The legislature should consider the enactment of a speedy trial rule 

requiring the disposition of misdemeanor offenses within a period of six 

months from the date of arrest. While the right to a speedy trail could only 

be invoked or waived by a defendant, it would provide defendants the 

opportunity to compel prosecutors and courts to accord them speedy 

disposition of their cases. Prosecutors and courts with excessive dismissals 

due to the failure to provide speedy trials would thereby receive the 

incentive to become more efficient. TN 

- Enact legislation to eliminate the requirement for mandatory appearance of 

the administrative toxicologist. MD91 

- Permit telephonic testimony in revocation cases. NM 

- If necessary, amend speedy trial law to specifically exclude time spent as 

a fugitive. AK 

E-60
- Develop a plan to target those cases that will need to be tried and fasttrack them so that they can be reached in six months. CT93 

- Require DMV to institute an "on-calendar" case management system. There are 

no continuances permitted unless requesting party provides alternative 

hearing dates that have been discussed with the opponent, and no continuance 

is granted without the resetting of the case on a fixed date. WV93 

- Encourage the fast-tracking of multiple offender cases through the court 

system. CA 

- Encourage prosecutors to explore the feasibility of fast-tracking selected 

DWI cases throughout the court system. TX 

- Review the current methods of officer notifications of court appearances. A 

more timely and effective means of corresponding between all parties should 

result in fewer absences and ensure mutual respect for personal time 

considerations. MD 

- Change the statute to allow breath and blood test results to be admitted by 

certified records, eliminating the need for court appearances. In the case of 

breath testing, if the statute could at least be changed to allow the 

arresting officer to also be the test operator, the need for two witnesses on 

every case could be eliminated. MD 

- Revise revocation hearing procedures to have hearings concentrate on 

relevant issues. NM 

- Permit direct DUI filings with a Circuit Court at the discretion of the 

prosecutor. WV 

- Permit revocation cases to be heard on a regional (as opposed to county) 

basis. NM 

17. STRENGTHEN PROSECUTION OF DUI 

- ** Eliminate the practice of using police as prosecutors. GA 

- End the practice of police prosecution of DWI cases. NM 

- Enact legislation to allow for the use of PBT results by prosecutors for 

introduction as evidence for probable cause. MD91 

- Ensure that timely, accurate information on the background of the DUI 

offender is available for the prosecutor and the judge at the time of 

adjudication. CA 

- Encourage prosecutors to screen for prior offenses and to seek a full range 

of enhanced penalties for multiple offenders. TX 

- The current three-tier blood alcohol standard embodied in statute should be 

simplified toward a uniform standard of 0.08, and absolute sobriety for 

individuals under 21. WI93 

- Permit the State to introduce the probable cause statement at revocation 

hearings as prima facie proof of the violation. NM 

- All prosecutors should have current driver histories available prior to the 

start of any DUI prosecution. GA 

E-61
- Additional creative sanctions and post adjudication sentencing options, to 

include pre-trial services, community service, probation, and supervised 

release conditions should be made available to prosecutors and judges for 

OAS/OAR and multiple OWI offenders. WI93 

- Distribute an updated DWI Trial Manual to all prosecution offices in the 

State. TX 

- Distribute the prosecution manual developed by the City of Phoenix 

Prosecutor's Office statewide and make it available to all new prosecutors. 

AZ 

- The Attorney General's office should explore existing communication 

resources to coordinate scheduling of expert witnesses from the Bureau of 

Criminal Apprehension. MN95 

18. RECORDS/TRACKING/REPORTING SYSTEMS 

- ** Develop a system to identify and target repeat offenders. MT94 

- ** Develop a comprehensive tracking system to provide data on DUI 

convictions, dismissals, repeat offenders, and punishment. MT94 

- ** Require prosecutors to keep and forward records of all deferred/diverted 

cases to a central State repository accessible to every prosecutor and judge 

who tries/hears DUI cases. IN01 

- Establish standardized record keeping requirements and data elements for 

all prosecution offices and seek to upgrade and expand data processing 

capabilities in all offices, as well as to link prosecution systems with 

other criminal justice system databases. TX 

- Include the prosecution needs in the development of the records system. WI 

- Prosecutors should design and implement a system to target and track 

prosecution of repeat offenders. AK 

- Design and implement a system that exchanges information among the justice 

systems and recognizes the actions as valid. MT94 

- Involve the prosecuting attorney function in a statewide criminal justice 

information system. WV93 

- Require a report of disposition on all traffic matters through the Uniform 

Traffic Ticket System. WV93 

- Require the State to provide an annual report detailing the disposition of 

DUI cases including the manner of resolution. WV93 

19. EVALUATION/ANALYSIS EFFORTS 

- ** Track and determine whether the reduction of DUI to lesser offenses is 

undermining the work of preventing DUI. VT 

- Individual District Attorney offices should be encouraged to review the 

reasons for DUI/DWAI dismissals with an eye toward reducing dismissals to 

less than 15% of filings in line with national averages. Office of 

E-62
Transportation Safety should then examine the causes for dismissals and 

design programs to prevent their reoccurrence. CO 

- Colorado and the District Attorney's Association should evaluate whether 

plea bargains reducing DUI to DWAI undermine deterrent efforts. CO 

- Conduct an examination of case disposition reporting, including random 

class sampling if necessary, to determine the nature and extent of plea 

negotiations in DUI cases. AZ 

- The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should analyze conviction data 

statewide for planning and management purposes. AK 

- Colorado should evaluate whether deferred sentencing or prosecution should 

be available in DUI/DWAI cases. CO 

- Public perception of the likelihood of punishment for DUI/DWAI should be 

surveyed to determine if the deterrent message is being received. CO

- The DUI Coordinator should develop standards for analysis and comparison of 

the handling of DUI cases in the various districts. CT93

-The University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center (HRSC) should be requested 

to evaluate the disparity in conviction rates. NC95

20. PROSECUTION PROGRAMS FOR YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS 

- ** Office of Highway Safety Programs, in concert with the Prosecutors 

Coordinating Council, should develop and implement a program to target 

youthful offenders. MI 

- Prosecutors should develop programs to ensure consistent prosecution and 

appropriate sentencing for juvenile DWIs. AK 

- Prosecutors should use the underage driving while impaired statute to 

prosecute appropriate cases. They should discourage law enforcement from 

using other charges such as careless driving or minor in possession. TN 

- Include State's attorneys in the planning and implementation of a Youthful 

Impaired Driving Prosecution and Adjudication seminar. ND 

21. DUI ARREST PROCESS

- Explore the possibility of "one write" or automated data systems to reduce 

the "down time" associated with the arrest in a DUI case. WV93 

- Involve prosecutors and all concerned parties in a requirements study of 

the charging instruments with a view toward the reduction of paperwork by the 

arresting officer. WV93 

- Law enforcement should be encouraged to check for outstanding warrants at 

the time of arrest for all traffic infractions, and minimally, at all stops 

for serious traffic offenses. MD91 

22. COMMUNICATION/COORDINATION EFFORTS 

- ** Encourage communications and cooperation among prosecutors, other 

criminal justice agencies, and community groups through the formation of DWI 

Task Forces or by other means. TX 

E-63
- ** Implement statewide communications channels among county and city 

attorneys. MT 

- Office of Traffic Safety should continue efforts to convene local 

government entities, potential users, and providers to design strategies to 

overcome resource constraints and administrative hurdles to create such 

options or expand their use. WI93 

- GHSO should facilitate the coordination efforts of the prosecutors with 

other parts of the justice system as well as to assist their communications 

with the proposed Governor's Task Force. OH 

E-64
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 3E 

ADJUDICATION 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. TRIAL SYSTEM ORGANIZATION/JURISDICTION 

- ** Implement a specialized DUI court and/or incorporate the handling of DUI 

cases with any drug court that might be established. CT00 

- ** Adapt and use the drug court concept for use with DUI offenders in 

Delaware's Courts of Common Pleas. Create a special division of the Courts of 

Common Pleas to accept DUI offenders as well as drug law violators. DE 

- ** Undertake reorganization of the State trial court system to expand the 

jurisdiction of magistrates, to create a system of traffic court magistrates 

with jurisdiction to adjudicate all traffic infractions that do not involve 

death or great bodily harm. NC 

- ** Undertake reorganization of the State trial court system to eliminate 

the right to trials de novo and to provide that all appeals from convictions, 

pretrial motions, or other final dispositions are appealable only on the 

merits to the appellate division of the Superior Court or the Courts of 

Appeal upon certification of questions of great public importance. NC 

- ** Seek legislation to reclassify first offense DWI misdemeanors in order 

to remove them from county court at law jurisdiction. TX 

- ** File all DUI cases in State courts. OK 

- ** Amend the constitution and statutory laws of the State of Delaware to 

provide for exclusive original jurisdiction of DUI and other misdemeanor 

cases in the Courts of Common Pleas. Alternatively, abolish the right to a 

trial de novo upon a conviction for DUI in Justice of the Peace Courts. DE 

- Revise the jurisdiction of DWI cases. NM 

- DWI should be prosecuted as a State offense in the circuit and associate 

circuit courts. MO 

- Assign jurisdiction of juvenile civil infractions cases to the Traffic 

Tribunal. RI 

- Prosecute DWI under the State statutes and avoid prosecution of the offense 

as a municipal or county ordinance. MO 

- Request a change in the law to allow the municipal court to assume 

jurisdiction for fourth-time DUI offenders, thus enhancing the court's 

ability to sentence a person for a greater period of time to allow a single 

court's oversight system for all DUI offenders. CA 

- The ADLRO (Administrative Driver's License Revocation Office) should be 

relocated from the judicial branch of government to the executive branch of 

government. HI 

- Consideration should be given by the legislature to a constitutional 

initiative abolishing municipal courts and creating a two-tier State trial 

court system (i.e., district and circuit) with the lower tier having 

E-65
authority to conduct jury trials in all misdemeanor cases. Creation of such a 

court system would enable the centralized supervision and education and of 

all State trail judges as well as providing for improved allocation of 

judicial resources. Existing non-lawyer judges could be grandfathered into 

the lower tier trial courts; upon replacement only law-trained individuals 

would be permitted to hold office. In conjunction with the creation of such a 

State trial court system, provisions would be made for returning to 

municipalities a pro-rata share of all fines and costs generated by the 

adjudication of cases emanating from those jurisdictions. Judges of the 

respective tiers would receive equal compensation or compensation 

commensurate with the population of their jurisdictions. TN 

- Make courts of limited jurisdiction courts of record or in the alternative, 

assign DUI cases to district court. MT 

- Seek legislation to grant exclusive jurisdiction over all non-felony DWI 

offenses to magistrate courts. NM91 

- Make city and town courts courts of record with appeal to the State 

superior courts. IN01 

- Make all courts courts of record. NM95 

- Obtain permanent funding for an impaired-driving section of the drug 

courts. ND 

2. REVIEW OF STATE DUI ADJUDICATION SYSTEM AND EFFORTS BY JUDICIAL 

REPRESENTATIVES 

- ** Engage representatives of the judiciary in a review of the statutes and 

resources around the goal of improving adjudication of impaired-driving 

offenses. VT 

- ** Create a judiciary task force comprised either through, or independent 

of, the DUI task force of legislators, judges, local attorneys, and public 

defenders to study the needs of the courts for both short- and long-term 

planning. This committee should have as its primary consideration: 

 -- Divesting lower courts of DUI jurisdiction; 

 -- Decriminalizing petty traffic offenses, or at least, eliminating jury 

trials for petty traffic offenses; 

 -- Eliminating courts of no records; 

 -- Eliminating trial de novo; 

 -- Eliminating court costs that are not directly related to courts; 

 -- Implementing court costs directly related to the needs of the court such 

as computerization of court records; 

 -- Eliminating non-lawyer judges; 

 -- Eliminating the routine acceptance of nolo contendere pleas. All DUI 

offenders should routinely be assessed for substance abuse and referred for 

treatment if indicated. Referral and treatment should not take the place of 

court-imposed sanctions; 

 -- Transferring misdemeanor DUI cases to State courts so as to allow 

superior courts to process felonies. GA 

- ** Form a judicial workgroup charged with researching, planning, and 

achieving needed improvements for the improvement of adjudication of OWI, 

Staff support should be provided by BOTS. WI 

E-66
- ** The GHSO should cooperate with the Ohio Supreme Court staff and 

committees to improve the levels of data and analysis of the data to 

specifically identify areas of improvement for the adjudication of impaired 

driving. OH 

- The State Administrative Office of the Courts should begin comprehensive 

assessments of court and judicial needs regarding DWI adjudication. NM91 

3. DEVELOP PLANS TO IMPROVE ADJUDICATION OF IMPAIRED DRIVING 

- The Ohio Supreme Court should develop an informed and comprehensive plan to 

improve the adjudication of impaired driving in Ohio. OH 

4. COORDINATION OF STANDARDS, POLICIES, ADMINISTRATION 

- ** Statewide needs and requirements for coordination in standards, policies 

and administration demand the active leadership of the administrative office 

of the courts in all magistrate court affairs. NM91

5. REFINE/REWRITE BODY OF DUI STATUTES 

- ** Because of the ambiguous and confusing statutes in the DUI field, the 

appellate courts should give guidance to the legal practitioners by issuing 

published opinions that become precedent. HI 

- ** Draft and interpret DUI statutes in a manner that allows consistent 

adjudication among the jurisdictions. MT 

- Seek new ways to streamline the adjudication of the impaired-driving 

offenses through statutes and court rules by efforts such as an impaireddriving study committee. ND 

- Draft DUI statutes with clear, bright-line language, to disclose 

legislative intent. MT 

6. JUDICIAL INVOLVEMENT IN PUBLIC AWARENESS EFFORTS 

- The Metropolitan Court should redouble its efforts at public education, 

especially through existing channels to the Albuquerque Public School System. 

NM91 

- The West Virginia Supreme Court should increase its efforts to inform the 

public of the role and responsibility of the judiciary. WV93 

- Provide judges with materials that will assist them to inform the public 

about the adjudication of impaired-driving offenses and how to serve as a 

responsible citizen on the jury for criminal offenses. ND 

- Encourage judges to participate in safe communities coalitions. ND 

- Encourage the Administrative Office of the Courts to conveniently make 

available to the public statistics concerning the DWI conviction rates for 

District Courts and individual District Court judges. NC 

- Increase the efforts of the judiciary to inform the public of its role and 

responsibility consistent with the provisions of the Code of Judicial 

Conduct. WV 

E-67
- The Ohio Judicial Conference should advise the GHSO on using PI&E campaigns 

around the role of the courts. Such information should include demonstrative 

proof that better adjudication is a safety and quality of life issue. OH 

7. ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION 

- ** Remove judges from the licensing process altogether and make it 

administrative; alternatively, require judges to follow the law regarding 

license suspensions and re-issuance. MT94 

- ** Make the habitual offender process an administrative function of DMV 

while maintaining the court-imposed sanctions for violations. VA 

- ** Implied consent hearings should be removed from the courts and 

adjudicated administratively. Alternatively, implied consent hearings 

should not be postponed until the adjudication of underlying DUI/DWI 

offenses. TN 

- Provide for all license revocation proceedings in cases of DWI offenders 

and those charged with chemical test refusals to be handled and adjudicated 

administratively by the DMV. NC 

- Make driver-licensing decisions an administrative function performed by 

DMV. VA 

- Eliminate the jurisdiction of magistrates to adjudicate the initial license 

revocation of defendants charged with DWI. Provide for initial license 

confiscation by the law enforcement officer upon arrest of a defendant for 

DWI. NC 

- Rules should be adopted to guide the administrative review hearing process. 

The hearing officer should be empowered to enforce these rules. HI 

- Place the point value for the first offense DWI at 8 points and the second 

offense at 12 points. This will allow the first-offense DWI offenders to 

retain their driver licenses. MD91 

8. ADJUDICATION PROCEDURAL CHANGES TO ENHANCE PROSECUTION OF IMPAIRED DRIVING 

PROSECUTION INCLUDING SPEEDY TRIALS 

- ** Allow introduction of all relevant impairment evidence, including the 

offender's refusal to submit to the implied consent test, hospital blood 

alcohol tests, and drug screens. VA 

- ** Time standards should be prescribed by the Tennessee Supreme Court 

concerning the disposition of both felony and misdemeanor cases. Courts of 

all jurisdictions should be required to report the average age of all types 

of pending cases. Where a pending caseload for certain cases exceeds the 

prescribed standards, judges should be required to explain the reasons 

therefore and what remedial efforts will be undertaken to correct the 

situation. TN 

- ** The legal determination of probable cause to believe that the arrestee 

operated a vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, or while 

having a 0.08 or greater BAC, or refused to submit to a test for alcohol, 

should be removed from the administrative process. Determination of probable 

cause is a judicial function and should be determined by judicial officers. 

HI 

E-68
- ** The West Virginia Supreme Court should explore procedural mechanisms 

designed to reduce the delay resulting from the de novo procedures in the 

criminal justice system, e.g., immediate transfer to the Circuit Court upon 

request for jury trial or evidentiary limitations by reason of the available 

record. WV93 

- ** Increase judges ability to monitor repeat offenders both pre- and posttrial and set in place appropriate bonds. MT94 

- Promulgate rules of criminal procedure to provide for pretrial reciprocal 

discovery in all criminal cases heard in District Courts. NC 

- Require all motions for continuance to be in writing with attached 

certificates of good faith stating the grounds therefore and that the motions 

are not interposed for purposes of delay. NC 

- Promulgate rules of criminal procedure, similar to the Federal Rules of 

Criminal Procedure, that require all dispositive pretrial motions, such as 

motions to dismiss or to suppress, be filed in writing and stating the 

grounds therefore, and that such motions be heard prior to trial or be deemed 

waived unless good cause is shown. NC 

- Accord all criminal defendants, by uniform rule of court or by statute, 

the right to a speedy trial whether misdemeanor or felon. TN 

- Consider a constitutional initiative that would provide for trial by jury 

upon request without the need for an indictment by grand jury. Many states 

allow prosecutors to charge misdemeanors by direct information and/or to 

proceed to jury trial upon a uniform traffic citation. Requiring DUI/DWI 

cases to be presented to a grand jury and to be tried in courts that give 

priority to felony cases has resulted in delays of up to three years in the 

disposition of these cases. TN 

- Simplify the current multitiered system of impairment standards with the 

goal of a uniform 0.08 standard for all OWI adjudications. WI93 

- Legislation should be enacted to eliminate the current practice of allowing 

a trial de novo. MD91 

- The State's Attorney Office in conjunction with the Administrative Office 

of the Courts should eliminate the routine application of Probation Before 

Judgment. MD91 

- Eliminate the “stet docket” (essentially postponement) as a disposition for 

alcohol-related offenses. MD91 

- Eliminate jury trials for first and second offense DWI offenders by 

reducing the maximum jail time to less than 90 days. MD91 

- Seek legislation to allow judicial notice of Intoxilyzer results in DWI 

trials. TX 

- No charge should be dismissed or “nolle prossed” without a written 

declaration by the State's attorney giving just cause and made a part of the 

court record. MD91 

- Adopt the ABA minimum time standards for misdemeanor prosecution as a goal 

for all phases of the DWI judicial process. MD91 

E-69
- The Court should adopt uniform continuances policies, including 

requirements that all continuances be based upon written motion. NM91 

- The court should develop a standing comprehensive pre-trial order setting 

deadlines for discovery, witness and exhibit list exchanges, non-judicial 

plea negotiations, and pre-trial conferences and motions. This order may be 

initiated in jury trial cases on a pilot basis and should be developed in 

consultation with the offices of the district attorney and public defender. 

NM91 

- Require prosecutors to present the court with all cases involving a person 

charged with DUI that were deferred by him/her on a previous DUI charge. 

Require prosecutors to give a list to the court of all cases they defer or 

deferred. IN01 

- Allow all DUI-related offenses arising out of the same incident to be 

prosecuted and adjudicated in the same court. RI

- Limit the scope of implied consent suspension hearings to an informal 

review of the case on the record. OR

- Omit the jury instructions that allow the jury to determine the accuracy of 

the Intoxilyzer evidence based upon the presence or absence of observable 

symptoms of intoxication. OR 

- Enact legislation providing that if a defendant opts to be tried without a 

jury in a Justice of the Peace Court, such trial shall constitute a final 

adjudication reviewable only by an appeal on the merits. DE 

- Urge judges to demand that prosecutors present them with the criminal 

background records of all people charged with DUI before disposing of the 

case. IN01 

- Update and distribute the judge's DWI Benchbook. TX 

9. PROVIDE COURTS WITH SUFFICIENT RESOURCES TO ADJUDICATE/MANAGE CASE LOAD 

- ** Courts should explore the feasibility of differentiated case management 

in the high-volume limited-jurisdiction courts. AZ 

- ** Courts should develop effective monitoring systems to determine progress 

in achieving case processing time standards and compliance with court orders 

and judgments. The system should provide citation disposition reports to 

originating police agencies. AZ 

- ** Provide support for courts to obtain or upgrade data processing 

equipment and to purchase and install Texas Manage System. TX 

- ** Provide additional funding for use of retired judges in rural areas. 

MN03 

- ** Courts should encourage programs designed to achieve the case processing 

performance standards goals including the disposition of misdemeanor DUI 

cases within 90 days. AZ 

- Automated police officer scheduling modules should be enhanced to 

coordinate the multiple concurrent appearance demands upon individual 

officers for its own cases, district court appeals, and ALR hearings. NM91 

E-70
- The State Administrative Office of the Courts should continue to provide 

State level leadership in the creation of comprehensive time standards for 

case dispositions modeled on those of the American Bar Association including 

a maximum of 120 days for the disposition of DWI cases. NM91 

- Deal with the potential backlog of cases and dismissals due to time limit 

violations by having the court work with an organization, such as the 

National Center for State Courts, to develop a calendar management process to 

help move cases through the system, without the need for a trial setting on 

every case. By reducing the trial settings, the problems of numerous and 

unnecessary summons for officers could also be reduced. MD 

- Seek enhanced technology through a planning process that will provide for 

implementation that allows State and local systems to share calendar 

management and improves communications and access to records. ND

- Consider funding full-time magistrates who are appointed to share the 

workload of contiguous counties or districts. ND

- Develop programs in cooperation with law enforcement to reduce bench 

warrants. GA

- Trial courts should explore the feasibility of differential case management 

of DWI cases, such as fast-tracking of selected cases. TX 

- Trial courts should establish recognized goals for timely processing of DWI 

cases and develop effective monitoring systems for measuring progress in 

achieving those goals. TX 

- Institute a case management system for DUI cases and grant continuances 

only as permitted by rules designed to curtail the unwarranted continuation 

of the proceedings without just cause. WV93 

- Allocate sufficient court resources to allow for swift adjudication of DUII 

cases. OR 

- Provide hard-line or computer teleconferencing capability for local judges. 

MN03 

- There should be an increase in the number of hearing officers and appeal 

attorneys on the Department of Revenue staff. MO 

- Courts and other agencies involved in enforcement of sanctions for alcoholrelated violations should work to implement the recommendations of the 

DUI/Case Processing Delay Task Force. AZ 

10. LIMIT/PROHIBIT PLEA BARGAINING/CHARGE REDUCTION 

- ** Encourage judges not to approve a prosecutor's request for a reduction 

of a charge of DUI to a lesser offense without good cause and to record the 

reasons for the reduction of all such charges on the case docket sheet. IN01 

- ** Eliminate the current unlawful process of plea bargaining, charge 

dismissal and courts ordering multiple offenders to be treated as first 

offenders. TN 

- Reduction of OUIL/UBAC to OWI should be prevented by making OWI penalties 

the same as OUIL/UBAC. MI 

E-71
- Fines are part of the deterrent aspect of punishment and should be waived 

only in cases of extreme hardship. Judges should be required to increase 

useful public service in cases where fines are not imposed. CO 

11. REDUCE/ELIMINATE DEFERRAL OF CHARGES 

- ** Prohibit deferred sentencing in DUI cases. MT94 

- ** Encourage judges to question the deferral of cases by prosecutors. IN01 

- Statutorily prohibit suspended imposition of sentence for DWI. NM95 

- Encourage judges not to divert DUI cases without good cause and then to 

document the same by placing the reason for the diversion on the public 

record. IN01 

12. SENTENCING GUIDELINES/ALTERNATIVES 

- Develop a new set of model sentencing guidelines consistent with the 

innovations of the past several years, and have the central administrative 

offices of the court provide them for use throughout the State. CA 

- Standardize punishment of DUI offenders including minimum sanctions for 

first and repeat offenders. VA 

- Consider implementing laws requiring mandatory minimum jail sentences that 

increase with each subsequent offense. MD 

- Increase incarceration penalties available to judges sentencing both firsttime and repeat offenders for the crimes of felony death by motor vehicle and 

involuntary manslaughter involving DWI. NC 

- Driving While License Revoked should receive appropriate sentences 

including jail time. AK 

- Develop a more rational system of alternative sentencing with defined 

criteria for implementation. WV93 

- The Court should make further attempts to develop a court-wide sentencing 

matrix for all DWI offenses covering all commonly used sentencing 

alternatives. NM91 

- Judges should implement and enforce mandatory-sentencing laws as they apply 

to abuse, license suspensions and ignition interlock. MO 

- All courts should be encouraged to use as an appropriate sentencing option 

the Maryland Comprehensive Drinking Driver Program as agreed in the MOU dated 

Sept 15, 1989, and signed by DOH, the Department of Public Safety, DOT and 

the Court of Appeals. MD91. 

- The development of standards for all court sentencing alternatives and 

referral options should become a top priority. This effort should include 

sentencing options involving treatment, offender remedial services, warrant 

services, and delivery of various judicial or court support services. NM91 

13. SENTENCING CONSISTENCY 

- Expand Victim Impact Panels to all counties to assure consistency of 

punishment. OR 

E-72
- Conduct a sentencing review to establish consistency. CO 

- The Texas Supreme Court should establish a clear policy that enunciates the 

need for uniformity and consistency of rules, processes, and procedures in 

adjudication and sentencing throughout the courts statewide. TX 

14. EVALUATE DISPARITIES IN CONVICTION RATES 

- Investigate and determine the cause for disparity in conviction rates for 

DWI offenses in the various District Courts and among individual District 

Court Judges. NC 

- Request HSRC to evaluate the disparity in conviction rates. NC95

15. JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT 

- Discipline judges who overtly refuse to uphold their oath to obey and 

follow the law. MT 

- Courts should be supervised by an oversight entity to determine that 

prohibitions against plea bargaining, withholding of adjudication, 

treatment of recidivists as first offenders, and other improper dispositions 

of DUI/DWI cases are adhered to. TN 

- The Judicial Council should evaluate and report on the judges sentencing 

follow-through. AK 

16. PROVIDE JUDGES WITH THE CAPACITY TO ENSURE OFFENDER SCREENING AND TO HAVE 

APPROPRIATE TREATEMENT CAPABILITIES AND RECORDS AT THEIR DISPOSAL. 

- Provide that the statewide screening system be used by all courts in cases 

of DWI conviction. NM 

- Ensure that certified substance abuse counselors provide alcohol assessment 

data to the court system for structuring individualized sanctions. 

Provide judges with ready access to current driver histories prior to 

sentencing. GA 

17. PROVIDE JUDGES/THOSE WHO HEAR ALR APPEALS WITH EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 

TO ASSIST THEM TO APPROPRIATELY ADJUDICATE IMPAIRED DRIVING CASES. 

- ** Follow through with DUI/substance abuse training for judges as outlined 

in the Highway Safety Plan. CT93 

- ** Mandate DUI judicial education for all judges who hear DUI cases and 

provide yearly continuing education courses on this and related topics. IN01 

- ** Include, in judicial DUI curriculum, the dynamics of alcoholism and 

alcohol abuse, and the manner in which courts can reinforce the 

characteristics of enabling, co-dependence, and denial for the alcoholic or 

alcohol abuser. IN01 

- ** Provide education and training to court support staff on the importance 

of their roles and the significance of their work in enforcing sanctions on 

impaired drivers. AZ 

- ** Develop funding for judicial training, particularly for DUI and alcoholand drug-related offenses. Colorado should consider a $2.00 violator 

E-73
surcharge on traffic offenses that would be dedicated to police and judicial 

training. CO 

- ** Education and training of judges in DWI adjudication, sentencing and 

treatment alternatives, and in technical evidence procedures such as SFST and 

DRE should have the highest priority. TX 

- ** Provide substantive DUI education regularly to all judges who adjudicate 

DUI cases and include SFST and HGN curriculum. RI 

- ** Provide extensive magistrate education to encourage consistent 

application of the law and consistent sentencing of DUI offenders throughout 

the State. The assessment team strongly recommends that some judges from West 

Virginia should attend the Traffic Course program offered by the National 

Judicial College. WV 

- ** Organize and implement, through the Administrative Office of the Courts, 

a comprehensive in-State pre-bench new judges education and training program 

with specific components devoted to the adjudication of DWI offenses. NC 

- ** Regular training for ALR hearing officers and per diem judges should 

occur. The training should cover the administrative adjudication process, DUI 

laws and legal issues, and the dynamics and characteristics of people who 

abuse alcohol and drugs. HI 

- ** Conduct an annual or at least biennial training conference for judges 

focused specifically on impaired-driving issues. NHSTA has provided grant 

money to the ABA's National Conference of Special Court Judges to provide 

traffic seminars on a regional basis. Maryland's Highway Safety Office might 

consider inviting them to make their presentation in Maryland in conjunction 

with their office. MD 

- ** Survey the judges to determine their educational needs concerning 

detection technology and treatment strategies for alcohol and other drugs. VT 

- ** Judges should be required to obtain training in the adjudication of 

DUI/DWI cases before ascending to the bench and at regular intervals 

thereafter. Such mandatory judicial education should be administered 

through the Administrative Office of the Courts. TN 

- ** Include within DUI judicial education a curriculum that teaches the 

dynamics and character traits of alcoholism and alcohol abuse, and the ways 

in which court practices can serve as tools of enabling, co-dependence, and 

denial for the alcoholic or alcohol abuser. MT 

- ** Develop bench books with trial processing guidelines, analysis of 

potential legal issues and a compendium of current case law for those 

judicial officers unable to attend the training. Take advantage of material 

produced by NHTSA, such as "A Guide to Sentencing DUI Offenders” (March 1996) 

and "Sentencing and Disposition of Youth DUI and Other Alcohol Offenses: A 

Guide for Judges and Prosecutors " (2000) MD 

- Develop a formal and continuing impaired-driving education program for 

judges. Components should include presiding over trials to the court and jury 

trials, trial court management strategies, ethical issues in adjudication of 

impaired-driving cases, personal-use considerations, and science-based 

information about alcohol and other drugs. The alcohol and other drug science 

segments should be prepared and presented by those who are experts in their 

fields. If magistrates or referees handle impaired-driving cases, they should 

E-74
be included in any impaired-driving education program. The programs should be 

sequenced and repeated for new judges and referees. Investigation of the use 

of distance education technology is also recommended. ND 

- Provide a comprehensive program of pre-bench and continuing judicial 

education for all judges, justices of the peace, and administrative hearing 

officers. Such education should provide instruction on issues of law and 

evidence routinely encountered in the trial court adjudication of DUI cases 

and administrative adjudication of driver license issues. DE 

- Work with the North Dakota Supreme Court to amend CLE requirements for all 

judges to include a minimum number of hours of impaired-driving education for 

each reporting period. ND 

- Provide additional judicial training in DWI cases involving drug 

intoxication. NM 

- GHSO should provide assistance to the Ohio Judicial College to develop a 

strategic plan for the education of judges and court staffs around the 

improvement of the adjudication of impaired driving. OH 

- Provide more frequent DUI education to district court judges. MT 

- Continue and expand training of judges to include the role of the judge in 

traffic safety and the deterrence of alcohol and alcohol abuse. VA 

- Continue to provide annual training for judges with emphasis on DUI-related 

topics. GA 

- All judges should have regular training on dealing with the dynamics and 

characteristics of people who abuse alcohol and drugs. HI 

 Educate trial judges as to their duty to follow the law as it exists and to 

comply with the Canons of Judicial Conduct. MT 

- 

- Continue to provide annual training for judges with emphasis on DUI-related 

topics. GA 

- Provide administrative hearing officers with annual training on recent 

developments in the law. GA 

- Maintain an on-going component on DUI laws, procedures and sentencing 

guidelines for judicial continuing education. CA 

- Secure funding for judicial continuing education use related to DUI 

adjudication programs. RI 

- Mandate recurring training of judges to include the enforcement, 

administrative and treatment aspects of the DUII program. OR 

- Use standard DUI curriculum developed by NHTSA and the National Judicial 

College. RI 

- All of the Missouri judiciary should receive education and training on the 

mechanics and operation of breath-testing equipment. MO 

- Judges should receive education on the implementation and administration of 

"Abuse and Lose" sanctions, and the use and effect of ignition interlock 

devices. MO 

E-75
- Provide education and training to court staff regarding the importance of 

processing DWI cases expeditiously and in the use of uniform procedures for 

processing and reporting DWI data. TX 

- Provide guidelines and training to support the constructive and ethically 

appropriate interactions between judges and advocacy and monitoring groups. 

WI 

- Work with the Office of the State Courts Administration to secure 

additional judicial education opportunities particularly to help dispel the 

confusion around the evidentiary issues of the blood alcohol concentration. 

WI 

- Grant funds should be made available for additional judicial training. MD91 

- The Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency should assist the Judicial 

Administration to secure funding for DWI-specific training for judges. AK 

- The State Court Administrative Office should seek funding to enable 

Michigan judges to seek education on a national level. MI 

- Office of Highway Safety Programs should re-establish its partnership with 

the Michigan Judicial Institute to provide appropriate education for judges. 

MI 

- Education and training of judges and ALR officers on DUI adjudication 

issues should remain a high priority. AZ 

- The Judicial College should explore the potential for modifying the 

prosecutor's PC-based interactive training program for use by judicial 

officers. AZ 

- Provide training for the judges in SFST/HGN/DEC and in the nature of 

addiction and the need for appropriate treatment. NC95 

- Offer DUI training as part of the Connecticut Judges Institute. CT00 

- Develop alternative methods for providing DUI education to judges on a 

demand basis through CD-ROM or Internet-based education. CT00 

- Make training competency-based. MT94 

- Require judges to receive in-depth training about DUI, alcohol abuse, and 

youth. MT94 

- Develop and implement a DUI module as part of the pre-bench educational 

program for new judges now in existence. CT00 

- The judicial education program presently under development through the 

University of New Mexico Law School should include specific course modules 

covering DWI case management, adjudication, sentencing options, and related 

issues. NM91 

18. ADJUDICATION OF YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS 

- ** Clarify and strengthen the adjudication process for juveniles; ensure 

that youthful offenders are being dealt with in a manner that will impress 

E-76
upon them the seriousness of their offense and guide them toward responsible 

behavior. TX 

- Return jurisdiction of juvenile DUI offenders to adult court, or train and 

educate family law judges in DUI law. IN01 

- Educate judges on the need to use the juvenile denial law to change the 

behavior of juveniles. OR 

- Include the judges and magistrates in the planning and implementation of a 

Youthful Impaired Driving Prosecution and Adjudication seminar. ND 

- Have the general district courts adjudicate juvenile traffic offenders. VA 

- Consider funding juvenile probation programs that encourage early 

intervention and treatment of youthful DUI offenders. WV93 

- The Ohio Judicial Conference should investigate the potential of juvenile 

holdover programs. OH 

- Include within DUI judicial education curriculum that is sensitive to 

juvenile alcohol issues. MT 

- The risk to public safety and juvenile well-being of the current release 

practices for those still impaired at the time of the release should be 

studied by a committee of judges, knowledgeable medical practitioners of 

addiction treatment, and youth development specialists. OH 

19. PROVIDE ADEQUATE STAFFING OF PROBATION AND PAROLE PROGRAMS WITH THE 

NECESSARY RESOURCES TO MONITOR AND GUIDE OFFENDER BEHAVIOR. 

- ** Provide for State funded supervised probation of DUII offenders to 

monitor compliance with diversion and court ordered sanctions. OR 

- ** The Department of Corrections should implement an intensive supervision 

program for repeat offenders in each of the counties. MN95 

- ** Provide adequate general revenue funding for probation services to all 

courts adjudicating DWI cases. NM 

- ** Make probation services available to all courts adjudicating DUI. MT 

- ** Re-assign supervision of probation officers to the judicial system and 

away from the Department of Corrections. Provide resources to courts and 

allow them to hire probation officers. MT 

- Provide additional probation and treatment services to rural areas. MN03 

- Improve probation services available to all courts adjudicating DUI/per se. 

RI 

- Probation supervision should be provided to all DWI offenders. MO 

- Encourage the defense bar to become active in planning the rehabilitation 

process of its clients. CA 

- The court's probation division should develop DWI offender typologies 

incorporating concepts of reduced caseloads for specialized offender groups 

E-77
(including intensive case management strategies and emphasis on more severe, 

punitive sanctions for multiple offenders). NM91 

- Provide probation services to all DWI sentencing courts. NM95 

- Use a comprehensive probation supervision programs to require DUI offenders 

to complete conditions to accomplish deterrence, rehabilitation, and 

restitution. DE 

- Expand statewide jail facilities to include a unit dedicated to repeat DUI 

offenders in order to provide alcohol rehabilitation services. WV 

- Verify that defendants are in compliance with all court orders. GA 

- Develop a more formal system to follow up on offender compliance with court 

sentences. CO 

- A misdemeanor probation function should be formally established to track 

offenders’ compliance and assignments made to it as soon as possible. It 

should be funded by fees paid by defendant. AK 

20. AVAILABILITY OF ENHANCED SANCTIONS 

- ** Develop effective additional and uniformly available sanctions 

including: 

 -- community service as primary sanction and secondary for repeat offenders; 

 -- develop OWI sanctioning alternatives without mandatory jail sentences 

that allow the use of probation to encourage creative judicial sentencing and 

post-conviction offender supervision; 

 -- use of the "day fine" or income-determined fee or fine as a judicial 

option in place of current fees and fines as appropriate; 

 -- consideration of a felony charge for the fourth or subsequent OWI offense 

as a means to address incorrigible offenders through a full range of 

penalties and sentencing options. [what state?] 

- ** Michigan should plan an alternative sentencing program and fund a 

penal/treatment facility dedicated to repeat drinking drivers. MI 

- Application of enhanced penalties should be more vigorously pursued. 

Available enhanced sanctions should include, but not be limited to, community 

work service programs, minimum monetary penalties, alcohol and other drug 

assessments, driver improvement programs, minimum jail time, in-house arrest, 

supervised probation, alcohol and other education and treatment. MD91 

21. EVALUATION/ANALYSIS 

- Evaluate the success of the "Fast Track" program and, if appropriate, see 

if it can be replicated in other counties. MN03 

- Conduct a study on the cost-effectiveness of having 6-person juries versus 

the current 12-person jury and its impact on the court system and the 

citizens who are called to sit on those panels. CA 

- Evaluate the specialized DWI court presently operating in Mecklenburg 

County (District Court 26) in terms of reducing recidivism of defendants and 

for replication in other counties. NC 

E-78
- Conduct a study to compare the recidivism rate of those given probation 

before judgment versus those convicted and sentenced on their first offenses 

to develop an understanding of what actually has an impact on offender 

behavior. While much concern has been raised about the use of PBJs and many 

would like to see the option deleted from the books, the process is very 

ingrained in the criminal justice system. If hard data show that those who 

get PBJs are very likely to re-offend, this would help develop the support 

needed to make such a major change. MD 

- Based on data, rather than institutional response, a separate statewide 

task force should be created to study the issue of alcohol and drug 

involvement to include enforcement, prosecution, adjudication, assessment, 

and treatment relative to juveniles. MD91 

22. COURT INFORMATION AND RECORDS 

- ** Promote and support the planning and implementation of interagency 

connectivity through compatible management information systems that allow 

data information and offender records to be easily accessed and used to 

promote the improved adjudication of impaired-driving offenses. VT 

- The State Administrative Office of the Courts should actively seek 

interagency solutions to statewide court information and records needs with 

various agencies, including the State Motor Vehicle Division. NM91 

- Remind judges of the need to keep and forward to the appropriate State 

repository all court case disposition records, especially those concerning 

DUI charges. IN01 

- Devise procedures to insure that all DWI convictions are promptly and 

accurately reported. NM 

- Support building a connected information management system to streamline 

the records transfer between the courts, their clerks, and other agencies, 

such as the DMV. VT 

- The Ohio Supreme Court Committee on Technology should be a member of the 

Ohio Traffic Records Coordinating Committee. OH 

- Priority funding should be assigned to completion of the automation of the 

circuit courts. MD91 

- Develop standardized record keeping requirements and definitions for courts 

that are not automated. TX 

- Ensure that clerks comply with data entry and reporting time standards. CO 

- Include a representative of the administrative office of the court in any 

requirements study and eventual computer design for information management 

systems involving DUI cases. WV93 

- To reduce DWI case dismissals, a direct reporting capability from the court 

to police agency administration should be developed to provide notification 

of officer failures to appear. NM91 

- Tennessee should require the use of uniform traffic citations for the 

purpose of charging all traffic offenses and courts should be required to 

account for the disposition of all such cases to the DOS. TN 

E-79
23. AVOIDANCE OF POTENTIAL ETHIC/CONFLLICT OF INTEREST 

- Part time municipal judges should be directed to refrain from practicing 

criminal law either as a prosecutor, city attorney, or defense attorney. MO 

E-80
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 4A 

PREVENTION (DRIVERS LICENSING) 

(** Priority Recommendations)

1. GRADUATED/RESTRICTED/PROVISIONAL DRIVER LICENSING 

- ** Extend the junior license concept to age 21. WV93 

- ** Create a graduated licensing program that extends to 21. NC95 

- ** Enact legislation to restrict the driving hours for novice drivers to 

reduce their involvement in alcohol/drug crashes (nighttime curfews). GA 

- ** Expand the current minor driver's license to include additional 

graduated licensing elements, especially those related to alcohol-related 

driving violations by people under 21. ND 

- ** Establish a graduated licensing program to extend to 21. IL 

- ** Charge a multi-agency stakeholder group to consider the objectives, 

obstacles, strategies, and benefits of adopting a graduated licensing system 

for novice drivers as outlined in NHTSA Advisory for Impaired Driving. MT 

- ** Extend provisional licensing procedures to 21. OR 

- Consider delaying the age at which a young person is permitted to obtain a 

license. CA 

- Consider the use of nighttime driving restrictions for young drivers under 

18 as part of the provisional licensing program. CA 

- Continue to encourage the passage of a graduated licensing program by the 

State legislators. MO 

- Establish a graduated driver licensing approach for beginning drivers. OK 

- Enact legislation to strengthen the GDL law restricting nighttime driving 

hours to begin earlier than 1 a.m., preferably at 9 p.m. RI 

- Extend the time a learner's permit is required to a minimum of six months. 

VA 

- Create a provisional license for drivers under 21. VA 

- A provisional first license program for youthful drivers should be 

developed and implemented. AK 

- The GHSO should continue to evaluate the effects of GDL, including the 

effects of the driver education and practice requirements on obtaining a 

license, particularly among urban and low-income youth. OH 

- The GHSO should consider strengthening the GDL statute to broaden the hours 

of the nighttime curfew. OH 

- Conduct a study of the effects of the GDL law and publish the results. VT 

- Introduce a change to the GDL statute to include nighttime restrictions 

during the learner and intermediate stages. VT 

F-1
- Consider restricting the number of youthful passengers in vehicles operated 

by a provisional licensee as part of the GDL law. NC 

- Pass the State's proposed graduated licensing law and insure that it meets 

TEA-21 criteria. WV 

- People with restricted driver licenses should have the actual restriction 

printed on the license. VA 

- Traffic Safety Bureau and MVD should explore the feasibility of a full 

graduated license program and its affect on highway safety. NM95 

- Charge a multi-agency stakeholder group to consider objectives, obstacles, 

strategies, and benefits of adopting a graduated licensing system for novice 

drivers as outlined in the NHTSA Advisory for Impaired Driving. CT00 

2. DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE HIGHWAY SAFETY INFORMATION SYSTEM 

- ** Create a comprehensive highway safety information system that integrates 

all traffic-related records. OR 

- ** Provide an integrated traffic records system that links data involving 

drivers, vehicles, crashes, violations, and convictions. NC95 

- ** Provide an integrated traffic records system that links data involving 

drivers, vehicles, crashes and violations. IL 

- TX should have a comprehensive highway safety information system that 

includes subsystems for driver records, financial responsibility, vehicle 

records, crash records, and violation/disposition records. TX 

- Create a single comprehensive highway safety records system that includes 

subsystems for driver records, financial responsibility, vehicle records, 

crash records, and violation/disposition records. VA 

- Create a comprehensive highway safety information system that includes 

driver history. WV93 

- Create a closed comprehensive system capable of tracking convicted impaired 

drivers, ensuring that the Division is notified of all convictions and 

subsequent sentences for all cases heard in New Mexico courts regardless of 

jurisdiction, including Tribal Courts. NM91 

- Continue to pursue creation of an integrated traffic records system. OK 

- Support should be provided for the implementation of the DUI MIS now being 

developed by various State agencies. CA 

3. INFORMATION SYSTEM WITH TRACKING CAPABILITY 

- ** Create a comprehensive highway safety information system capable of 

tracking arrests and convictions of all traffic citations, including those 

for impaired driving, to ensure that DPS driver records are complete and 

integrated with other records. TX 

F-2
- ** Create a comprehensive highway safety information system capable of 

tracking arrests and dispositions of all traffic citations, including those 

for impaired driving. VA 

- ** Establish a comprehensive violation tracking system. IL 

- ** Tennessee must adopt a method to effectively track citations and their 

dispositions. The system should be able to track both offenders and 

citations. Given the current state of technology, feasible, cost efficient 

solutions can be proposed and developed. TN 

- The tracking component must contain a compliance data mechanism to 

capture and monitor all sanction/compliance activity. This includes 

screening, assessments, treatment, probation, and community service. TN 

- Expand the citation/disposition tracking component to include a compliance 

data mechanism to capture and monitor all sanction and compliance activity, 

such as screening, assessments, treatment, probation, and community service. 

CT00 

4. UNIFORM TRAFFIC CITATIONS 

- ** Establish a uniform traffic ticket to be used by all law enforcement 

agencies. IL 

- Require all law enforcement agencies to use a uniform traffic citation and 

complaint form with standard data elements that will allow integration with 

other traffic records. TX 

- Accountability should be established for all traffic citations. OR 

5. ENSURE VALIDITY OF DRIVER RECORD DATA 

- ** Steps should be taken to provide for improved accuracy and timely 

reporting by the courts of DUI conviction data to the DMV for entry into the 

driver record database. CA 

- ** MVD driver license file content should be reviewed to ensure that the 

records contained on the file are current, valid, and consistent with current 

Montana population figures. Appropriate action should be taken to ensure that 

the information on the driver file continues to be valid and consistent. MT94 

- Study the need and cost for restoring data to the driver record. NC95 

6. DATA LINKAGES 

- Establish a system at DMV to electronically transfer information to and 

from all traffic courts. OR 

- Continue to develop electronic exchange of information. MI 

- Link systems already independently operational within the MVD so that 

existing vehicle impoundment statutes may be enforced. NM91 

- Examine the policy of having different driver history appearing on four 

different records. IL 

F-3
7. DATA MAINTENANCE 

- Maintain all driver history information for a minimum period of 10 years. 

IL 

- Continue to maintain all information concerning alcohol or drug offenses in 

the driver record for the lifetime of the driver. IL 

- Review all licensing/records activities periodically and fine-tune them to 

meet current and future needs. MD91 

8. CENTRALIZED DATA BASE 

- ** Create a centralized violation/disposition database. OR 

- Create, maintain and support a central database for all licensed drivers 

and vehicle registrations. The database should improve data accuracy and 

provide real-time information on licensing actions to those that issue 

licenses and registrations. HI 

- Continue to develop a centralized electronic data collection system. MI

9. ITEMS TO INCLUDE IN DRIVER HISTORY RECORDS 

- ** MVD should include crash information as a part of an individual's driver 

record. MT94 

- Court supervision information should appear on the driver record furnished 

to insurance companies. IL

- Require all traffic and alcohol juvenile convictions to be part of the 

driver record and do not allow their removal. VA 

- Add conviction of traffic offenses from other jurisdictions to the West 

Virginia driver history record and use these convictions to enhance 

penalties. WV93 

- Include in the comprehensive highway safety information system data from 

the interlock program along with that from the new Intoxilyzers. WV93 

- Capture arrest information. MI 

10. DEVELOP/ENHANCEMENTS TO ADMINISTRATIVE LICENSE REVOCATION SYSTEM 

- ** Develop an administrative license suspension system whereby the DPS can 

take administrative action to withdraw the driving privilege from those 

arrested for impaired driving regardless of age, without court action. TX 

- ** Develop an effective pre-trial administrative license revocation system 

that allows DMV to take administrative action to withdraw the driving 

privilege from those arrested for impaired driving, regardless of age, 

without court action. VA 

- Eliminate the certified mailing of orders and notices. WV93 

- Change the time period and start date for filing an administrative hearing 

request. WV93 

F-4
- Allow hearing officers to inform applicants of the results of the hearing 

at the conclusion of the hearing. WV93 

- Do not allow the appeal process to stay the effective date of a license 

revocation. WV93 

- Change the way suspensions are instituted so that personal service is 

unnecessary. VA 

- Revise juvenile denial law so as to allow DMV to take action upon receipt 

of a conviction. OR 

- Establish a driver license point system indexed by violation that will 

result in the suspension or revocation of the license of the habitual or 

errant driver. HI 

- Driver history records should be allowed as evidence in traffic cases 

without further authentication. WV93 

- Limit the review of medical records to those involving physical or visual 

impairment. NC95 

11. DMV REORGANIZATION 

- ** Streamline and save tax dollars by consolidating driver license and 

registration functions within one State agency with a formula for revenues 

divided between counties and the State. HI 

- ** Place the functions of the Judiciary Driver Education Division under the 

statewide licensing agency and mandate the program as part of the license 

reinstatement based on the substance abuse assessment. HI 

- Determine if more manpower is required by DMV. NC95 

- Relocate the driver education program to DOT. NC95 

12. DMV PI&E INVOLVEMENT 

- ** DMV, in cooperation with the Alaska Highway Safety Planning Agency, 

should develop a planned public information program to be implemented 

primarily by DMV in the course of licensing drivers and vehicles. AK 

- Develop messages directed at the effects of drunk and drugged driving for 

inclusion on the DMV's Web site. VT 

- Involve DPS driver services personnel in PI&E efforts to reduce impaired 

driving. GA 

- Develop educational materials targeted to adults regarding drinking and 

driving similar to those aimed at the young driver (under 21). MD 

- Continue emphasis to promote, educate and inform the motoring public about 

the effects of alcohol and other drugs, that drinking and driving is an 

unhealthy choice, and the consequences of drinking and driving. MT 

- Continue and broaden the implementation of the "No Way Out" publicity 

campaign to make drivers fully aware of the new ALR law. CA 

F-5
- Develop messages regarding impaired driving for placement on DMV's Web site 

especially emphasizing the risks of underage drinking and driving. RI 

- Expand DMV's role and activities in providing an ongoing public information 

program describing the effects of alcohol, alcohol's effects on driving, and 

the consequences of being caught driving under the influence. CO 

- Develop a statewide PI&E plan. MI 

- The MVD should have an ongoing comprehensive public information program 

that describes the effects of alcohol, its effect on driving and the 

consequences of drinking and driving. MT94 

- Continue emphasis to promote, educate, and inform the motoring public that 

impaired driving will not be tolerated. CT00 

- The MVD's public information program should be coordinated with the 

programs and campaigns conducted by other members of the local and State 

safety community. MT94 

- Expand PI&E efforts by the BMV designed to reach drivers about the 

consequences of 0.08 and other impaired-driving laws. IN01 

- Expand the role of BMV in the area of server training regarding underage 

purchases and fraudulent use of a driver license. IN01 

- DMV should enhance its efforts to promote public awareness of DUI and 

license consequences of DUI and underage alcohol possession, in cooperation 

and coordination with the recommended Governor's Commission on Alcohol and 

Traffic Safety and the private sector. CT93 

- Provide public information on driver sanctions imposed upon conviction of 

DWI. NC95 

- Re-examine the language in current public information documents to insure 

proper reading level and cultural relevance. CO

13. DRIVER LICENSE TECHNOLOGY 

- ** DMV should take further steps towards adopting advanced driver licensing 

technology to reduce license fraud. This should include recording images of 

drivers to prevent false issuance of duplicate licenses. WI93 

- ** Develop a digitized driver license which has additional safeguards, such 

as magnetic stripes or bar codes. IL 

- Promote the use of technology to recognize bar coded information on driver 

licenses. DE 

- Make the digitized photo of the driver available to all field issuance 

offices of DMV. VA 

- Enact legislation to require issuance of photo ID licenses, removing the 

option to obtain a paper license. VT 

- Promote acquisition/use of bar code scanning equipment by retailers once 

proper safeguards are developed to protect personal information. NC 

F-6
- Pursue the development of an automated, interactive, computer-based license 

applicant testing system that could educate and provide deterrence 

information to the applicant. CA 

- Seek an appropriation to enable the issuance of digitized driver license. 

OK 

- Study benefits of converting to a digitized driver license. OR 

- Create a new "tamper resistant" driver license, which should have 

distinctive characteristics for licenses issued to those under 21. 

Holographic image, magnetic-strip licenses should be issued. NM91 

- Duplicate licenses should be unique and appropriately labeled. NM91 

- Develop a digitized driver license that has additional safeguards, such as 

magnetic stripes and/or barcodes. NC95 

- Ensure that a photographic image is maintained when the digitized licensing 

concept is implemented. MI

14. PROOF-OF-AGE IDENTIFICATION/LICENSE

- ** Eliminate the use of tag agents in the issuance of driver licenses. OK 

- Make under age 21 more prominent on the new license. MI 

- MVD should train enforcement officers and the retail liquor industry in 

methods to uncover juvenile license fraud. Existing laws should be 

enforceable and violations vigorously prosecuted. NM91 

- Reduce the incidence of use of false and altered driver licenses for 

purposes of obtaining alcoholic beverages through increased training, issuing 

fewer duplicate licenses, and other means found to be effective. MD91 

- Require all applicants for a driver license to furnish their social 

security numbers. OK 

- Require two or more items of identification when issuing driver licenses. 

OK 

15. COMPLIANCE WITH TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 

- ** Mandate compliance with alcohol assessment treatment recommendations. OK 

- Require that a certificate of completion of a court ordered alcohol and 

drug safety action program be presented to the DMV as a condition for driver 

license reinstatement. RI 

16. DMV-MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD INTERACTION 

- Set up a Medical Advisory Board to work directly with DMV. OR 

- Reinstate the Medical Advisory Board to provide the State with the proper 

policy guidelines for acceptable medical and drinking driver qualifications. 

CO 

F-7
17. DRIVER TRAINING/EDUCATION 

- ** Mandate alcohol and drug abuse education within the driver education 

curriculum. IL 

- ** Establish a coordinated, multi-agency substance abuse program 

clearinghouse, accompanied by a Web site, to improve the integration and 

effectiveness of driver-related anti-impairment programs, especially those 

targeting youth. ND 

- Enhance driver education for under-18 driver license/permit applicants. HI 

- Establish procedures for law enforcement and others to identify and refer 

deficient drivers for reexamination. GA 

- Require that one of the eight courses in two semesters prior to license 

issuance be driver education. IL 

- Revise the Motorists' Handbook to reflect the new, lower per se limit, to 

clarify that OWI penalties can apply at BAC's under the per se limit, and to 

emphasize that Wisconsin's minimum drinking age is 21 and that the offense is 

a serious one under law. WI93 

- The Montana Driver's Manual should be made available in a pocket-sized 

booklet format. MT94 

- Update and change information in the driver manual to encourage substancefree driving by youth. NM91 

- 

- DMV should update the Manual for New Drivers to emphasize that alcohol 

consumption of any amount produces impairment and that spacing out drinks is 

no safe way to prevent impairment. CT93 

- Traffic Safety Bureau and MVD need to open communication to ensure an 

effective traffic safety programs. NM95 

- Traffic Safety Bureau and MVD should explore the possibility of creating an 

interactive computerized driver manual and make it available to the public 

and private schools in the state. NM95 

18. LICENSING SANCTIONS 

- ** Suspend the driving privilege of those people involved with driver 

license fraud. OK 

- Increase license sanctions to prevent restoration of driving privileges 

after revocation for one year to maintain consistency of the law with adults. 

NM91 

19. REPEAT/HABITUAL OFFENDERS 

- Establish a 0.04 BAC restricted driver license for second and subsequent 

offenders. HI 

- Allow issuance of a probationary type license for habitual offenders. OR 

- Reduce the number of traffic convictions (20) for entrance into the 

habitual offender program. OR 

F-8
20. DMV TRAINING EFFORTS 

- Driver and Vehicle Services should develop a formal, coordinated training 

program to inform police officers, judges and prosecutors about changes in 

driver licensing provisions of the impaired-driving laws. MN95 

F-9
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 4B 

DETERRENCE 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. ADMINISTRATIVE LICENSE REVOCATION PROGRAM/LEGISLATION 

- ** Put into place a process to administratively suspend a driver's license 

for a test failure. MT94 

- ** Consider proposing a change in the OWI Implied Consent Statutes to grant 

authority to DMV to administratively revoke an operator's license for 

refusing to submit to chemical testing. WI 

- ** Enact ALR legislation. RI 

- ** Enact legislation for administrative license suspension (ALS) on DUI 

first offense. GA 

- ** Enact legislation granting DMV authority to revoke a driver's license 

upon arrest under the state's DWI statutes. Issue administrative regulations 

and procedures to allow immediate confiscation of the license, and develop 

other processes to implement the new statute. NC 

- ** Enact legislation to allow the preliminary hearing on the civil 

suspension to be held before an administrative hearing officer. VT 

- Establish administrative per se suspension for failure of breath test. MI 

- Change statues to provide that OWI on any vehicle, including boats, 

snowmobiles, and ATVs, will result in driver license suspension, and to 

require records retention of these offenses in DMV data systems. WI93 

- Charge a multi-agency stakeholder group to evaluate the objectives, 

obstacles, strategies, and benefits of adopting administrative license 

revocation (ALR) as outlined in the NHTSA Advisory for Impaired Driving. MT 

2. MAKE LICENSING SANCTIONS ADMINISTRATIVE IN NATURE VICE JUDICIAL 

- ** Remove the courts from making driver license decisions. MI 

- ** Make all licensing sanctions administrative, allowing DMV to take these 

actions. VA 

- Consider enabling legislation to remove ADLRO from the Judiciary and place 

it in an executive branch agency. HI 

- Only the Department of State should make decisions regarding restricting 

or restoring driver licenses. MI 

3. ENHANCE SPEED/EFFICIENCY/DETERRENCE EFFECT OF THE ALR PROCESS 

- ** Administrative hearings should only be a review of the documentation 

involved with the arrest of a driver for DUI along with the results of the 

breath test. WV93 

- ** The Uniform Administrative Procedures Act should be amended, or the 

hearing process exempted from it, to eliminate complications imposed by 

F-10
current requirements inappropriate for this type of hearing that compromise 

their integrity. CT93 

- ** Administrative hearings should be an informal review of paperwork not 

requiring the presence of a law enforcement officer. OR 

- ** Implement procedures to require surrender of the driver license to the 

police officer or judge at the beginning of the suspension time period. RI 

- ** Review the ALR process to identify ways to reduce the time between 

arrests and administrative hearings. DE 

- ** Initiate a cooperative effort between the MVD Hearing Division and the 

law enforcement community to identify areas of mutual agreement where 

improvement in the administrative hearing process can be achieved. Topics 

might include streamlining the hearing process to minimize officer time, as 

well as conducting hearings telephonically where appropriate, and a review of 

transcripts to determine if in fact the hearings in some instances have gone 

beyond statutory intent. NM 

- ** Eliminate the requirement that the arresting officer be present at an 

administrative hearing unless subpoenaed by the offender. GA 

- ** Adopt rules regarding (1) how a hearing shall be conducted, (2) when 

offenders shall pay expenses related to subpoenas or records, and (3) when 

judicial notice shall be accepted. HI 

- ** Initiate a cooperative effort between the Office of Administrative 

Hearings and the MVA staff to evaluate the hearing process to identify means 

for reducing the time required to schedule and conduct hearings. MD 

- ** The hearing and management processes for ALR should become selfsufficient, funded from fees paid by impaired drivers. CT93 

- ** Remove probable cause verbiage from the ALR statute. HI 

- ** Eliminate modification procedures for repeat offenders. OK 

- Increase the number of hearing officers. NM 

- Encourage law enforcement managers to monitor subpoenas for their officers 

to ensure their appearance at administrative hearings. GA 

- Use rules of civil procedure by applying time frames for hearings and 

notices for seven days or less. Count business days instead of calendar days. 

HI 

- End all automatic continuances in revocation hearings and require "good 

cause." WV 

- The chief hearing officer or designee should assist in creating forms that 

are beneficial to the process as well as other interagency committees. HI 

- Change statues to have appeals from license suspension for test refusal 

follow the same administrative appeal process used for suspension for 

prohibited test results. This would promote uniformity and prevent multiple 

judicial tracks for actions resulting from a single OWI offense. WI93 

- Simplify suspension actions dealing with drinking and driving. MI 

F-11
- The laws, regulations, and procedures for ALR should be adjusted to base 

revocation on the fact of refusal or excessive BAC, without allowing issues 

not directly relevant to these facts to be considered. CT93 

- MVD should adhere strictly to the ALR hearing criteria as listed in the 

code and raise hearing staffing to its former level. NM91 

- Allow continuances of administrative hearings only in very exceptional 

circumstances. WV93 

- Require the suspension to become effective with receipt of the court 

conviction and the issuance of a letter of suspension to the individual. RI 

- Revise the modification procedure for reinstatement of driving privileges. 

OK 

- Continue emphasis on the administration of current laws, and/or the 

introduction of new laws so that the offender cannot be repeatedly charged 

and convicted as a first time offender DUI. CT00 

4. ASSIST/TRAIN LAW ENFORCEMENT PREPARATION FOR ALR HEARINGS 

- ** Provide the enforcement community with training in the preparation of 

cases for DUI administrative hearings. DE 

- Evaluate the current training being provided to officers to determine where 

it may be strengthened to better prepare them for the hearings. NM 

- The Hawaii Department of Attorney General's Office should advise law 

enforcement agencies and hearing officers on ALR hearings. HI 

- Institute comprehensive training for law enforcement and prosecutors 

regarding BAC testing, appropriate testing procedures, and the legal 

foundation for evidentiary breath testing in DUI cases. ND 

- Initiate annual training requirements. Federal funding is available for 

training at the National Judicial College. HI 

- The DMV should continue and expand its efforts to improve officer training 

to complete DUI arrest forms more systematically. CT93 

5. UNIFORM TRAFFIC CITATION/TRACKING/REPORTING SYSTEMS 

- ** Establish a uniform statewide system for reporting and tracking DUI 

related deferrals and diversions. IN01 

- ** Create a uniform traffic citation tracking system. MI 

- Create a uniform traffic citation and reporting system and require its use 

by all law enforcement agencies statewide. TX 

- Create a comprehensive reporting system. TX 

- Develop, support, and maintain a clear, concise and uniform database that 

is shared by the appropriate local, State, and Federal government agencies. 

HI 

F-12
- Establish a comprehensive highway safety information system to integrate 

all traffic-related records. WV93 

6. REPORTING REQUIREMENT (FROM COURT TO DMV) 

- ** Mandate time frames for reporting convictions from all courts and 

prohibit instant issue of duplicate licenses. HI 

- Ensure that all convictions for traffic offenses are reported to DPS for 

inclusion in the driver record. OK 

- The ODPS should continue to educate judges of the juvenile court and courts 

of common pleas on their statutory reporting responsibilities to the BMV, and 

the traffic safety consequences of their failure to report. OH 

- Require electronic transmission of all data from the various courts. MI 

7. DATA LINKAGES 

- MVD should use resources such as the National Driver Register to determine 

prospective licensee eligibility in relation to charges and duplicate 

licenses existing in other states. NM91 

- Records systems in the State should be modernized and linked. TX 

8. DATA MAINTENANCE 

- Retain driver's license/OWI records for 10 years and use them in sentencing 

determinations. WI93 

- OWI offense records should be retained for at least 10 years, and every 

prior conviction within that period should count toward enhancement of 

penalties. WI93 

- Laws, regulations, and procedures should be amended to require the DMV to 

maintain DUI records for seven years rather than five. CT93

9. DUI ARREST PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS 

- ** Streamline the reporting of alcohol arrest information to the 

Department of Revenue to reduce the burden on arresting officers. Should be 

done on a cooperative basis between the DOR staff and the law enforcement 

community. Technology solutions should be explored, such as computergenerated reports or electronic transmission of that information conducive to 

electronic media. Further, the requirement to notarize Form 2389 should be 

eliminated. MO 

- Initiate a cooperative effort between the Maryland State Police, 

representatives from local law enforcement agencies, and MVA staff to develop 

and implement efficiencies in the DWI arrest process. MD 

- Initiate a cooperative effort between the DMV, DSP, and local enforcement 

agencies to develop efficiencies in the processing of DUI arrests. Expand the 

use of technology to generate the documents required. DE 

- Establish a working group comprised of representatives of law enforcement 

and DMV staff to address the paperwork problems involved in DUI arrests. 

Consideration should be given to streamlining the process either through 

simplified procedures or electronic field data capture and transfer. Mobile 

F-13
Data Terminals (MDTs) are in place in at least one of the enforcement 

jurisdictions. As additional applications are considered for Maryland, 

especially for preparation of citations, automating the preparation of the 

DMV forms now required for DUI arrests should be considered. WV 

- DMV should ensure comprehensive police use of administrative license 

suspension by monitoring and reporting to police agencies all instances of 

OWI arrests for which DMV does not receive administrative license suspension 

forms. WI93 

10. ENHANCE DETERRENCE FOR DRIVERS UNDER 21 

- ** Institute a zero tolerance level for all drivers under 21. WV93 

- ** Include a zero BAC requirement for young/novice drivers. MT94 

- ** Connecticut should adopt a law requiring ALR for any driver under 21 

with a BAC of 0.02 or more at any time within two hours of arrest. CT93 

- ** Strengthen the 0.02 AC law for drivers under 21 by adding driver license 

sanctions and consequences for violators. IN01 

- ** Enact legislation to prohibit people under 21 from driving a motor 

vehicle with any measurable amount of alcohol in their blood. CO 

- ** Change the Wisconsin "Not a Drop" law to apply to all underage drivers 

to send a consistent message that Wisconsin is very serious about stopping 

illegal alcohol use. WI93 

- ** Make it illegal for a person under 21 to drive with any measurable 

amount of alcohol. OK 

- ** Pass legislation that allows for administrative revocation of the 

license of a driver under 21 who has a BAC of any measurable amount. CA 

- ** Create a zero tolerance law for those drivers under 21. VA 

- ** Enact legislation to prohibit people under 21 from driving a motor 

vehicle with any measurable amount alcohol in their breath, blood or urine. 

GA 

- Drivers under 21 convicted of DUI should be revoked for two years 

regardless of the 21-year-old age limit. IL 

- Work with juvenile courts to promote the benefits of deterring young 

drivers by placing serious driving offenses on driver histories. GA 

- Issue a distinctive driver license to those drivers under 21. OR 

- Create legislation to allow DPS to take licensing sanctions against 

juveniles when their driver records reflect a lack of concern for highway 

safety. TX 

- DMV should expand its programs to educate police and judges about the 

respective effects of "Not a Drop" and underage possession convictions, to 

promote consistent enforcement of these laws. WI93 

- Juvenile traffic offenses should be treated the same as if the offense was 

committed by an adult. NM95 

F-14
- Juvenile probation should seek prosecution and adjudication for any alcohol 

related offense. Thus, juveniles should be held to some accountability for 

their actions. NM95 

- Extend to age 21 the provisional driver-licensing program. NC95 

- Strengthen the 0.02 BAC law for drivers under 21 by adding driver license 

sanctions or consequences for violators. IN01 

11. ENHANCE DETERRENCE EFFECT THROUGH INCREASINGLY SEVERE ADMINISTRATIVE 

PENALTIES, LEGISLATION SUPPORT 

- ** Require license plate confiscation, “zebra stickers,” or "scarlet 

letter" plates for individuals found to be driving while suspended or 

revoked. MT94 

- ** Amend the 0.08 law making DUI impairment a Class A misdemeanor. IN01 

- ** Impose reinstatement fees for all suspensions and revocations. TX 

- ** Require all DUI offenders to undergo a definite period of time when the 

driving privilege is withdrawn. OK 

- ** The State should revise the law to eliminate the availability of an 

occupational driving privilege for second and subsequent DUI offenders. OH 

- ** The BMV should require documentation of completion of court-imposed 

sanctions in order to gain driver license reinstatement. OH 

- ** Require that the suspension or revocation for an implied consent refusal 

be longer than for a test failure. MT94 

- ** Improve the effectiveness of administrative license suspension at 

preventing impaired driving by changing the law to ensure some period of 

total loss of driving privileges for every OWI offense, even the first. WI93 

- DMV should support legislation to reduce the DWI BAC level to 0.08. AK 

- Create progressively more severe administrative penalties for repeat DUI 

offenders. VA 

- Enact necessary repeat offender legislation and language to put the State 

in compliance with Section 164 of TEA-21. ND 

- Reduce the BAC level to 0.08 for drivers suspected of DUI. VA 

- Increase the reinstatement fee for those people having their driving 

license privilege suspended for DUI. VA 

- Revise existing laws to reduce the loopholes and strengthen deterrence. 

number of times an offender can be charged as a first offender DUI/DWI. 

form a single, unified 0.08 per se law. TN 

 

Tennessee should consider creating a true 0.08 per se law and limit the 

The new DWI statute should be combined with the existing DUI statute to 

- Increase the suspension time for refusal to submit to a breath test so that 

it exceeds the revocation time for DUI. OK 

F-15
- Eliminate the procedure whereby completion of a driving safety course 

allows dismissal of a traffic charge. Require completion of the course prior 

to reinstatement of the driving privilege after DPS issues a suspension 

order. TX 

- DMV should issue occupational licenses after OWI only upon the 

recommendation and on terms suggested by an assessment from an approved 

assessing agency, to promote appropriate terms for the license, to encourage 

participation in assessments, and to discourage judge shopping. This will 

release judges from the burden of reviewing occupational license requests. 

- A habitual DWI offender statute should be created with incrementally 

increased administrative license sanctions. TX 

WI93 

- DPS should establish a series of regulations that will increase the length 

of license revocation in increments for each subsequent offense. TX 

- Pursue legislation to confiscate or immobilize the automobile of repeat DUI 

offenders. CO 

- DMV should seek and support legislation to prohibit any person who has two 

DWI convictions within the last five years from owning, registering, or 

operating a motor vehicle on Alaska public roadways. AK 

- Increase the length of time for hard suspensions prior to the granting of 

limited privilege driver licenses. NC95 

- Raise the amount of the reinstatement fee. NC95 

- Expand the "look back" period for determining DUI offense levels from the 

current five years used by the courts to 10 years. IN01 

- Use a hardship license with restrictions allowing driving for business or 

work purposes when reinstating drivers prior to the expiration of the 

revocation period. WV93 

- Consider increasing the reinstatement fee. WV93 

- MVD should establish a series of regulations that will increase the length 

of license revocation in increments for each subsequent offense, using its 

authority under State Code. NM91 

- Establish a habitual DWI offenders' classification with incrementally 

increased administrative license sanctions. NM91 

- MVD should require all court-ordered sanctions imposed following conviction 

for DWI to be completed as a prerequisite to re-issuance of the driver's 

license. NM91 

12. PROGRAM EVAUATION/DATA ANALYSIS EFFORTS 

- ** Analyze the reinstatement, crash, DWI recidivism and Driving While 

Suspended/Revoked rates of drivers who have been Cancelled - Inimical to 

Public Safety and then explore any further illegal driving behavior. MN03 

- ** Allow access to complete datasets by OTS data analysts. MN03 

F-16
- ** Annualize the review of initial charges and final dispositions and 

report the results on a county, judicial district, and statewide basis at a 

minimum. MN03 

- Replace selected "standardized" crash costs components (such as medical 

treatment costs) with Minnesota-specific estimates as they are developed 

(e.g., through the CODES project). MN03 

- Use the Traffic Records Coordinating Committee and the DWI Task Force as 

conduits for sharing data and the results of analyses, especially as they 

relate to support for policy decisions and the legislative agendas of DPS and 

other agencies. Make sure that similar analyses do not present conflicting 

results to the legislature. MN03 

- Conduct an analysis to describe the consequence (fatalities, injuries & 

property damage, associate costs, and loss of funding) of failure to pass a 

0.08 law. MN03 

- Research NHTSA and NSC crash cost formulas and develop a briefing document 

for legislators and others explaining the standard use of these numbers and 

the cost components that they contain. MN03 

- Work with MNDOT to develop a standard set of crash cost values that will be 

used in support of legislative arguments. MN03

- Analyze data on percentages of licenses suspended by number of offense 

(1st, 2nd, etc.) and for refusals to identify recidivism and other 

statistical characteristics of DUI offenders. GA 

- Evaluate the length of time for all driver license suspensions to determine 

their deterrent impact. IL 

- The GHSO should conduct a study to analyze the number of administrative 

suspensions overturned by the courts, and the relationship of test refusals 

and test failures to case adjudications. OH

13. DRIVER LICENSE COMPACTS 

- ** Join the Driver License Compact. MI 

- ** Join the Non-Resident Violator's Compact. MI 

- ** Texas should become a member of the Driver License Compact. TX 

14. COMMERCIAL DRIVERS 

- Reinforce the higher standards expected from commercial driver license 

holders by disallowing occupational licenses for any OWI offense they commit. 

WI93 

F-17
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 4C 

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

1. DEVELOP A STATEWIDE COMPREHENSIVE HIGHWAY SAFETY MIS 

- ** Charge a multi-agency stakeholder group to consider the objectives, 

obstacles, strategies, and benefits of adopting a statewide tracking system 

for citations from the time of their distribution to an enforcement 

jurisdiction, through issuance to an offender, ultimate disposition by a 

court and posting to the driver history record. MT 

- ** Revise the CAS to capture additional variables from the court supplied 

tapes which will allow the State to (1) track offenders from arrest to final 

disposition, (2) link with data in the driver history records and the crash 

file (MAARS), and (3) generally provide the State with information on its 

statewide impaired-driving enforcement and adjudication activity. MD 

- Develop a citation tracking for all State and municipal traffic violation 

arrests and dispositions. CO 

3. COURT-DMV DATA EXCHANGE/COURTROOM AUTOMATION 

- ** Implement appropriate technical improvements to accommodate electronic 

- ** Establish a court communication network linking all traffic courts to 

- ** Develop a statewide, standardized, integrated, comprehensive highway 

safety MIS. This could include currently available information from the DMV, 

Motor Vehicle Hearing Section, the Courts, EMS, the Department of 

Transportation, Alcohol and Drug Division, and other pertinent highway safety 

files. CO 

- Develop a management information system for all State and municipal traffic 

violation arrests and dispositions. CO 

2. DEVELOP/EXPAND/IMPROVE TRACKING SYSTEMS 

- ** Develop a DUI tracking system for all alcohol offenses from the time of 

the incident (crash/arrest) until the conclusion of each case, including 

treatment information. CO 

- ** Initiate the development of a statewide citation tracking system. ND 

- ** Provide immediate and up-to-date driving records for use by the entire 

judiciary when sentencing drunk drivers. MT94 

- ** Provide the judiciary, where feasible, with the ability to enter 

conviction information in an on-line mode directly to the driver license 

file. MT94 

- ** Assign a high priority to the Circuit Court Automation Project to 

expedite the completion of an electronic records transfer capability between 

the courts and DMV. WI 

transmissions of court abstracts to DMV. RI 

the Secretary of State. IL 

F-18
- ** Design a process to more easily locate and retrieve court documents 

- ** Prioritize the redesign of the driver records inquiry system for 

retrieving driver record abstracts. Solicit input from the judges and law 

enforcement officers regarding suggestions for ease of access to and 

interpretation of the abstracts. WI 

- ** Ensure that the Department of Revenue is involved in the planning and 

implementation of the Statewide Court Automation Project and that the 

streamlining of DOR/court transactions is included in the design of the 

system. MO 

- Expand the electronic reporting to the Secretary of State Office the 

dispositions of traffic cases. IL 

- Mandate time frames for courts to report convictions to the licensing 

agency, i.e., within five days of conviction. HI 

- Driver and Vehicle Services, in conjunction with the Attorney General's 

Officer, should ensure that computerized on-line driving records are provided 

to the entire judiciary. MN95 

- The Department of Public Safety should provide direct access to its driver 

history information to all courts through creation of a court communication 

- The Commission on Judicial Conduct should hold each judge or judicial court 

accountable for the submission of the court abstracts to MVD. NM95

- MVD should provide comprehensive driver license information to all courts. 

NM91 

- Place a computer terminal in all courts connected to Secretary of State 

Office allowing for printing of the driver history record. IL 

- Procure contractor assistance in designing a process for automating the 

transfer of information from the courts. This will expedite the receipt of 

conviction abstracts from the courts. It will also provide a capability for 

the courts to retrieve driver records prior to sentencing. WV 

- Participate in the planned implementation of the court management 

information system to ensure that the system will provide electronic 

transmission of court dispositions to DMV. VT 

- The automated transmission of complete driver records to the courts should 

be achieved as soon as possible. MD91 

- Continue to upgrade communication links so as to allow the Department of 

State to interface with all users. MI 

necessary to prove prior conviction. NM 

system. TX 

- Promote joint efforts by MVD, working with the Court Administrator's 

Office, and others to replace the current "mail process" of receiving final 

disposition information with an electronic upload of final dispositions to 

the driver history record. MT 

- Educate the courts about the serious impact of delayed reporting and 

establish cooperative working groups to implement interim solutions pending 

further automation of court processing. MO 

F-19
- The present automation system should be expanded. VA 

- Use the remote terminals in the courts to produce certified copies of 

driver records for evidential purposes to save time and money. MD91 

- Prosecutors should be required to review driver history records for all 

traffic offenders, especially those involved with impaired driving, so as to 

better determine prosecutorial decisions. TX 

- The Department of Public Safety should provide timely notification to all 

police agencies, prosecutors, and traffic court judges and magistrates of all 

charges of vehicular and traffic laws as well as any procedural changes 

within DPS. TX 

- A court communication system should be established to provide timely 

information on convictions to the Department of Public Safety. TX 

- Require submission to DMV of all records involving entry into and 

completion of diversion. OR 

- Expedite the processing of arrest notices and subsequent notices of 

revocation, as well as the scheduling of hearings, to insure that records of 

DUI suspensions are posted to the driver record as soon as possible after 

arrest. The State should also consider posting some type of pending action 

notice to the driver record. WV 

- Continue the development of a court communication system. MI 

4. EXAMINE/IMPROVE OTHER DATA LINKAGES 

- ** Colorado should request that a current NHTSA Traffic Records Assessment 

be conducted to ensure to that necessary linkages are available between and 

among the existing and planned highway safety files. CO 

- Create a centrally located and networked database for all enforcement, 

prosecutorial, and judicial computer systems. HI 

- Implement upgrades to the driver records system to provide the capability 

for linkages with other systems and for receiving electronic records from 

other systems. VT 

- Develop a single unique personal identifier which can be used to insure 

proper identification and to link information between and among local and 

State agency files. CO 

- Information combining DUI crash, arrest, conviction/disposition, and other 

highway safety statistical and trend information for State and local problem 

identification, planning and evaluation activities should be produced and 

shared between and among State agencies, local safety officials, and highway 

safety activists. CO 

4. ACCESS TO RECORDS OF PRIOR DUI CONVICTION INCLUDING IN OTHER STATES 

- ** Establish procedures for capturing DUI and other serious traffic 

offenses from the previous State of licensure. IN01 

- ** Develop a uniform standard for proof of prior DWI convictions. NM 

F-20
- Implement procedures to obtain and incorporate records of traffic 

violations, especially serious infractions, from a previous State when a new 

resident applies for West Virginia license. The American Association of Motor 

Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA) has software that can be used on the AAMVA 

telecommunications network to facilitate this transfer of records. WV 

- Implement the necessary steps to incorporate DWI convictions from previous 

States of licensure. NC 

- Implement the necessary steps to incorporate DUI convictions from previous 

States of licensure. DE 

- Continue dialogue with the Tribal Nations to establish a means for sharing 

DWI conviction records. NM 

- Incorporate prior DUI convictions from States of previous licensure. RI 

- Establish procedures to incorporate records of alcohol-related convictions 

from a previous State into the active driving record when a new resident is 

licensed in Missouri. The statutes currently require considering "prior 

alcohol-related enforcement contacts" when determining periods of license 

suspension under the administrative per se procedures. However, the State 

should review the statutes and revise any provision that might affect the 

implementation of any administrative procedures to adopt this recommendation. 

MO 

5. DATA AVAILABILITY/EASE OF USE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER 

- ** Obtain funding and equipment to capture electronic data in the field by 

law enforcement officers. Plan for self-sufficiency in future upgrades and 

replacement. MN03 

- Continue efforts to work with State and local law enforcement agencies to 

update their vehicles with the latest computer technology for traffic law 

enforcement. MT 

- Additional information should be provided the law enforcement officer on 

the road. VA 

- Establish communications between DMV and the law enforcement community to 

resolve the issue of the unavailability of driver history access. RI 

- Continue to promote the Captain's Project for future automated data capture 

applications, involving crash reports, citation reports, arrest records, 

incident, and other reporting to support mobile computing for law enforcement 

as presented in the Officer Information Management development. CT00 

- In cooperation with the various enforcement agencies, revise the driver 

record printout format for ease of interpretation. VT 

6. UNIFORM TRAFFIC CITATION/CITATION TRACKING/ELECTRONIC CITATIONS 

- ** Adopt and implement a statewide uniform traffic citation. IN01 

- ** Promote the adoption and use of a statewide uniform traffic ticket. MT94 

- ** The Office of Traffic Safety should convene a committee of all concerned 

parties, including State and local law enforcement agencies, to ensure that a 

statewide uniform traffic ticket is adopted and implemented. MN95 

F-21
- ** Establish a uniform traffic citation to be used by all law enforcement 

agencies. OK 

- ** Adopt the use of a uniform traffic citation form for all law enforcement 

agencies. ND 

- Require all law enforcement agencies to use a uniform traffic ticket. IL 

- ** Promote the adoption and use of a statewide uniform traffic ticket. MT 

- Create a uniform traffic citation tracking system. OK 

- Adopt a single uniform traffic ticket (UTT) to be used in Colorado for all 

State and municipal traffic violations. CO 

- From an agency management perspective, continue emphasis on the adoption of 

a method to effectively track citations and their dispositions. CT00 

- Continue emphasis on electronic citation issuance capability in conjunction 

with the Commercial Vehicle Information Systems Network program. CT00 

- Insure that the AOC electronic citation project is compatible with DMV 

needs. NC 

- Enforcement agencies should implement electronic citation systems, 

including Form 2255, and the BMV should make any needed modifications to the 

driver records file to allow direct linkage with electronic citation and 

court systems. OH 

7. FEE STRUCTURES 

- ** Insure that the entire $100 driver license reinstatement fee is used to 

support the local county DUI task force to help make the program selfsufficient. MT94 

- ** Create an appropriate fee structure for licenses, records, 

reinstatements, duplicates, clearance letters, SR22 filings, CDL, tests and 

retests, driver education classes, motorcycle testing, and even pre-tests for 

those apprehensive about test taking. This should also include Internet fees 

and service fees for after-hour telephone registrations that are completed 

electronically. HI 

- Increase fees involved with driver licensing. IL 

- Double the fee for reinstatement of the driving privilege after a statutory 

summary suspension. IL 

- Explore the option of adding a small fee attached to each traffic citation 

earmarked for information system development. The fee should be directed to 

one agency charged with building and maintaining a citation tracking system. 

TN 

8. AGENCY/INTERAGENCY COORDINATION, OVERSIGHT 

- ** Coordinate all agencies and task forces into a single DUI advisory 

committee and delegate functions to subcommittees with time frame to complete 

tasks. HI 

F-22
- ** Initiate DMV's collaborations on the Justice Link Project. RI 

- Establish a DUI/DWI data and process committee made up of all stakeholders 

in the collection and dissemination of DUI/DWI data. The committee's mission 

should be to develop a universal data collection action plan. Specific tasks 

and time frames must be delegated and administered. TN 

information system development. A State chief information officer could 

facilitate the direction and activities necessary to create a 

- The Motor Vehicle Administrator should take a leading position in the 

 -- Improved and strengthened administrative per se licensing sanctions; 

 -- Procedures to submit the qualifications of people requesting a license 

modification directly to the State licensing agency for review and decision 

by a qualified driver improvement analyst. MD91 

- The MVD should inform law enforcement agencies, courts, and prosecutors of 

the provisions and purpose of the law and train them, where appropriate, in 

- MVD should provide timely notification to all police agencies, judges, 

magistrates, and prosecutors of all changes within vehicle and traffic 

statutes and MVD procedures that will directly impact the operations of their 

respective offices. NM91 

- The MVD should provide timely notification to all police agencies, judges, 

magistrates, and prosecutors of all changes within vehicle and traffic 

statutes and MVD procedures. NM95 

- Consider legislative actions to empower an agency with oversight of 

citation/offender tracking system. TN 

State's consideration of legislation such as: 

 -- Illegal per se; 

 -- State should lengthen the license suspension period for alcohol offenses, 

mandate a complete loss of driving privileges, and impose the sanction more 

promptly. 

the new procedures associated with the implementation of the law. MT94 

- MVD should establish a mailing list of all users of changes within vehicle 

and traffic statutes and divisional procedures, and then issue regular 

communications to agencies and individuals on the list. NM91 

9. EVALUATION/RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

- DMV should develop analytical statistical summaries from the Driver File to 

identify problems relating to DWI drivers that will assist other public 

safety agencies increase their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of DWI 

in the State. AK 

- When evaluation funds become available, consider analysis of medical 

records available to the Maryland Medical Advisory Board. MD91 

- Expedite the full implementation of the planned Driver, Vehicle, Accident, 

and Medical Research database at Morgan State University as described in the 

Traffic Records System Strategic Plan. MD 

F-23
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 5A 

(** Priority Recommendations) 

DIAGNOSIS AND SCREENING 

1. DEVELOP/PROVIDE SCREENING MECHANISM FOR DUI OFFENDERS 

- ** Connecticut should implement pre-sentence screening for all drivers 

arrested for DUI. CT93

- ** All DWI offenders should receive a screening and evaluation for alcohol 

and substance abuse. First offenders should participate in screening as part 

of the DWI Education Program, which should be mandatory. TX 

- ** Minnesota should revise, renew or replace the DWI Clinic programs to 

provide first offenders an educational and motivational intervention 

including a screening and referral component. MN95 

- ** Enact housekeeping legislation that requires the consistent use of a 

screening instrument approved by the Traffic Safety Bureau and the Department 

of Health, Division of Public Health, Office of Epidemiology. NM 

- ** Develop and implement a comprehensive, standardized screening mechanism 

for all DUI/DWI offenders. TN 

- Enact legislation to subject all licensed drivers to screening requirements 

upon conviction for DWI. NM 

- Screen all drivers convicted of DUI, first or subsequent offense, to 

determine need for treatment and/or rehabilitation. OH 

- The courts should require pre-sentence screening and assessment for first 

offenders in coordination with the Drinking Driver Program. CA 

- All drivers eligible for any level of the Substance Abuse Traffic Offender 

Program should be screened and referred to the appropriate level of 

treatment. MO 

- Legislation should be enacted to require mandatory screening for all people 

convicted of DWI. The screening method should consider the differing needs 

and resources of rural, urban, and tribal communities. NM91 

- Assure that all convicted impaired drivers complete screening and 

assessment within 30 days of conviction. RI 

- Assess all those convicted of an alcohol-related driving offense prior to 

sentencing. OK 

- Legislation should be enacted to require mandatory assessments for all 

individuals convicted of DWI/DUI or who receive PBJ. MD91 

- Develop a screening and referral system for problem DWI drivers. TX 

- Expand capacity for regional and rural ease of access to diagnosis and 

screening professionals. MN03 

- The Arizona DHS should actively identify and develop additional agencies 

qualified to provide DUI screening and treatment services. AZ 

G-1
2. APPROPRIATE SCREENING BASED ON INDIVIDUAL NEEDS (youth, repeat offender, 

etc.) 

- Provide judges with screening results and recommendations for appropriate 

treatment in all DUI/DWI cases prior to sentencing. TN

- Courts should be encouraged and assisted in developing offender screening 

and assessment programs that allow consideration of individuals' intervention 

needs in sentencing. CA 

- Use screening instruments designed for youthful offenders when assessing 

young people. OK 

- To assure that all "problem drinker drivers" receive appropriate treatment 

and intervention services in conjunction with punitive sanction, second and 

subsequent offenders should be screened and assessed prior to sentencing. CA 

- Within the screening process, assessment criteria should be developed to 

3. EVALUATE DIAGNOSIS AND SCREENING PROGRAMS 

- ** Ensure that the judicial system and/or other appropriate bodies annually 

review and evaluate the performance of their employees and contractors 

involved in DUI assessment and treatment. IN01 

- ** Conduct an outcome evaluation of DERP, including screening, referral, 

education, and treatment components. DE 

- ** Conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the Driver Intervention Program to 

determine efficiency and effectiveness. OH 

- ** Conduct additional research on the use of the Project CRASH School 

Evaluation data by critical parties such as Judges, Courts, the DMV, and the 

Department of Public Safety, among others. Is appropriate and maximum use 

being made of these data that are available for purposes such as: (1) placing 

the most effective sanctions on offenders in order to reduce recidivism; (2) 

modifying existing treatment approaches as necessary in order to improve 

treatment outcomes; and (3) developing reasonable plans for future treatment 

services for those offenders who will require such services? VT 

- Conduct additional research on the aggregate data available from the 

Project CRASH School in order to determine how the intake evaluation process 

might be improved and/or streamlined. VT 

- Evaluate the current screening system for DUI offenders and specific 

treatment programs for Level 1 DUI offenders. AZ 

- Second offenders should be required to attend the DWI Intervention Program. 

Screening and referral should be a major component of this program. TX 

identify people with drug problems other than alcohol. NM91 

G-2
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GUIDELINE AREA 5B 

TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION 

(** Priority Recommendation) 

 

1. TREATMENT PROGRAM FUNDING 

- ** Fund and/or otherwise expand the availability of alcohol and other drug 

treatment services for people who are charged with and/or convicted of 

impaired-driving offenses. IN01 

- ** Provide for the requisite budget increases to allow the local ASAP 

office to expand the size of its probationary function and staff. AK 

- ** Increase the collection percentage for the ASAP to 85%. AK 

- ** The legislature should amend the current alcohol beverage excise tax and 

dedicate new revenues to support treatment and other programs directed at 

multiple offenders. MN95 

- Designate a part of the reinstatement fee to provide probation services to 

District Courts in areas unable to fund the cost of such services. MI 

- Increase the fees charged for intervention services to give the programs 

revenue to increase services and to move towards self-sufficiency. AK 

- The Department of Health and Social Services should review treatment fee 

structure to assure availability of treatment services for indigent people. 

AK 

- The offender should be required to pay more of the cost of treatment and 

probation services. MI 

- Enact legislation to continue the Local Liquor Excise Tax Act and enable 

other interested counties to implement this tax. NM91 

- ** Increase sanctions to require treatment for first offenders if it is 

indicated by the assessment process. MT94 

- ** Strengthen sanctions to require withholding of drivers license until 

required treatment is completed for all DUI and per se offense. MT94 

- ** Require those offenders with a substance abuse problem obtain the 

3. MANDATORY SUBSTANCE ABUSE ASSESSMENTS 

- ** Substance abuse assessments should be mandatory for all DUI offenders. 

Each assessment should be performed by a certified substance abuse counselor, 

and should include specific recommendations for treatment, if indicated. The 

- A portion of the alcohol beverage tax should be dedicated to underwriting 

the costs of treatment of convicted DUI offenders not otherwise reimbursed. 

WV93 

2. REQUIRE TREATMENT 

recommended treatment. OK 

individual DUI offender should bear all costs of assessment and treatment. GA 

G-3
- GOHS should work with one or more trauma centers to develop and implement a 

pilot program that routinely tests severely injured trauma patients for 

alcohol and offers substance abuse assessment and treatment services for 

patients whose tests are positive. GA 

- West Virginia should develop and implement policies and programs which 

constitute a system by which all drivers convicted of DUI will receive 

screening, evaluation, referral and treatment services as indicated. WV93 

- ASAP programs should be made mandatory for all people convicted of driving 

while impaired. VA 

4. OFFENDER ACCESS TO TREATMENT/EDUCATION PROGRAMS 

- ** All correctional facilities to which DUI offenders are sentenced should 

have alcohol and substance abuse screening, intervention, and treatment 

programs available. CT93 

- ** The State should assure access to the most appropriate treatments 

services for DUI offenders based on clinical evaluation. This might involve 

legislative changes to allow services to incarcerated offenders who do not 

require residential treatment as well as residential or structured outpatient 

treatment for first offenders when indicated. TN 

- ** Develop a plan for assuring that all citizens of Maryland who have 

impaired-driving offenses and need treatment have access to the level of care 

they require. MD 

- ** Fund and/or otherwise expand the availability of alcohol and other drug 

treatment services for people who are charged with and/or convicted of 

impaired-driving offenses. IN01 

- ** Investigate the current and potential role of drug courts in managing 

DUI offenders and assuring access to timely and intensive treatment. RI 

- Develop substance abuse programs to be used in conjunction with 

incarceration of people in jails and prisons. AK 

- Minnesota should revise, renew or replace the DWI Clinic programs to 

provide first offenders an educational and motivational intervention 

including a screening and referral component. MN95 

- The Drinking Driver Program should continue to be the primary statewide 

program to provide alcohol- and other drug-impaired-driving education, to 

most DUI offenders. CA 

- The Georgia Department of Corrections system of substance abuse services 

should be used to guide the development of a system of substance abuse 

assessment and treatment for DUI offenders. The system of substance abuse 

assessment and treatment for DUI offenders should become an integral 

component of the Regional Substance Abuse Planning process. GA 

- A variety of substance abuse treatment programs should be offered 

throughout the state, and DUI offenders in need of treatment services should 

be matched to programs with the greatest likelihood of treatment success for 

that offender. Innovative and effective programs such as the Conditional 

G-4
Discharge Program in Columbus, Georgia, should be replicated with ongoing 

evaluation to assess long-term effectiveness. GA 

- Develop a screening, referral, and treatment system for problem DWI 

drivers. TX 

- Enact legislation to establish a statewide treatment program for courtordered DWI offenders. This program will be entirely funded by user fees, 

with a sliding scale based on ability to pay. NM91 

- Encourage the judiciary to refer DWI offenders for screening and referral 

to treatment at facilities closest to their residence, including Native 

American community. NM91 

- DHHR should expand the capacity of the Safety and Treatment Program to meet 

current and future demand and assure rapid entry for all convicted drivers. 

WV93 

5. STANDARDS FOR TREATMENT/ASSESSMENT PERSONNEL 

- ** Consider passing a law to license alcohol and drug counselors and/or at 

least to establish minimum standards for those clinical professionals who 

conduct assessments or evaluations of people who are convicted of impaireddriving offenses. IN01 

- ** Mandate that assessments and evaluations of impaired drivers be 

conducted by Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselors and/or other treatments 

professionals who have both specialized training and certification in the 

alcohol and other drug area from their own professional treatment 

disciplines. IN01 

- ** Complete the letter of agreement for licensure and certification of 

people approved to perform assessment and evaluation for people charged with 

impaired-driving offenses and implement the agreement immediately. MI 

- Establish better training requirements and training for court assessors. An 

assessment fee could be levied to finance the costs of providing good and 

reliable assessments for the courts. MD 

- Establish more rigorous standards and qualifications for treatment 

professionals who conduct DWI assessments, and consider the possibility of 

moving from a voluntary certification system to a mandatory State licensing 

system for alcohol and drug treatment professionals. NC 

- Mandate that individuals who perform assessments should either not be 

allowed to recommend treatment in any program in which they have a fiduciary 

interest or other potential conflict, or at least require that they disclose 

any such potential conflict and be required to provide information on at 

least three different treatment providers. IN01 

- Wherever possible, discourage service providers from referring DWI clients 

to their own programs. NM91 

- Implementation of the agreement must continue the process that allows 

probation officers to make the initial assessment. Current probation officers 

now trained should be "grandfathered" as qualified. MI 

G-5
6. APPROPRIATE TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 

- ** Those people receiving an administrative license revocation for refusing 

the chemical test should be required to be screened and to attend, at a 

minimum, the educational component of the safety and treatment program. WV

- Wisconsin should provide for greater sentencing flexibility to help assure 

compliance with prescribed treatment and rehabilitation. WI93 

- Participants identified as problem drinkers or substance abusers in either 

the DWI Education or Intervention Program should be referred to appropriate 

treatment. Driver re-licensing and completion of probation should be 

contingent upon compliance with treatment. TX 

- Use a panel of licensing and substance abuse professionals to recommend 

licensing actions for alcohol related offenders with more than one suspension 

for an impaired-driving offense. OK 

- The DWI assessment and treatment program should include a mechanism by 

which offenders assigned to the ADET and subsequently found to have a 

substance abuse problem, can be required to complete a higher level of 

treatment. NC95 

- Drivers in any level of the SATOP program should be referred to a higher or 

lower level of the program if information or behavior subsequent to program 

entry indicates a need for a different level of intervention. MO 

- Investigate the feasibility of using a longer and more intensive assessment 

process for people sent to education programs who are later suspected by 

staff as having a more severe substance abuse problem and in need of 

additional treatment. MD91 

- Drivers in 12- or 20-hour seminars who demonstrate problem behaviors, or 

for whom additional information becomes available, should be referred to a 

more appropriate level of treatment. ND 

7. OFFENDER ASSESSMENT 

- ** Provide the assessor with a copy of the offender's driving history and 

BAC level at the time of arrest. OK 

- The 120-day early-release statute should be revised to require an 

assessment of all offenders prior to the end of the 120-day period and to 

require a report to the court on which to make a decision regarding early 

release and assignment to supervised probation. MO 

- An evaluation should be provided at the end of the treatment or education 

required by the courts to the Secretary of State that indicates whether the 

offender has control of their substance abuse problem before re-licensure. MI 

- ADP should develop a minimal, standardized assessment procedure for first 

offenders in the Drinking Driver Program. CA 

- Adopt a standard procedure for performing assessments and require it to be 

used by everyone involved in the assessment process. MI 

G-6
8. SUBSTANCE ABUSE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 

- ** Review the process to determine which misdemeanors are prioritized for 

entrance into the jails. AK 

- ** The substance abuse assessment process should be licensed or accredited 

by HDOH ADAD. HI 

- ** Consideration should be given to the use of pre-sentence assessments and 

sentences to probation with meaningful sanctions assigned for noncompliance 

with recommended treatment. NC95 

- ** Substance abuse assessment and treatment services should be a part of, 

not a substitute for, sanctions. Specifically, defendants should not be 

permitted to plead nolo contendere in return for agreeing to attend an 

assessment and treatment program. GA 

- Both revised statutes and administrative code should be revised to insure 

that the substance abuse assessment process is overseen by the correct 

regulatory body. HI 

- An examination should be made of the impact of having the same agency 

conduct the screening and assessment to determine that self-interest is not a 

factor. WV

9. TREATMENT/ASSESSMENT PROGRAM CRITERIA 

- ** All substance abuse assessments should have standard criteria, which 

would include access to the criminal record, the blood alcohol level, and an 

evaluation of the defendants' clinical tolerance. HI 

- ** Adopt "Proposed ADAA COMAR Revisions" to strengthen its standards to 

provide more meaningful guidance to the courts and all those working to 

prevent additional drinking and driving. At a minimum, the assessor should 

have access to court files, driving history, psychosocial history, and should 

have an understanding of mental health issues and instability. The courts 

need screening results that are reliable with accompanying recommendations 

for appropriate treatment in all cases prior to sentencing. MD 

- Use American Society of Addiction Medicine criteria in determining level of 

treatment provided. OK 

- The American Society of Addictive Medicine criteria should be used in 

rendering diagnosis and recommendations for alternative sentencing. HI 

- Propose legislation to require the development/implementation of a standard 

alcohol education curriculum that all licensed or designated providers must 

use as the minimum acceptable. MI 

- Consideration should be given to developing more uniform criteria for 

classifying a person as a "problem." MD91 

- DHSS should develop and implement clear criteria for completion of the 

required program and recommendation of license reinstatement. WI93 

- Determine the effectiveness of the various Intensive Supervision Programs 

eligibility criteria and develop minimum standards for all ISPs. WI 

G-7
- Assessment criteria should be developed to better identify people with drug 

problems other than alcohol. MD91 

- ** Develop and implement a DUI tracking system to include accurate 

assessment of all convicted impaired drivers' status in terms of completion 

of treatment recommendations. OH 

- ** Establish a closed-loop system requiring successful completion of VASAP 

prior to license reinstatement. VA 

- ** Develop and implement a DUI client tracking system. MT 

- ** A convicted-driver monitoring and compliance system should be developed 

to facilitate and track the progress of drivers through the process of 

evaluation, intervention, treatment, and license reinstatement. ND 

- ** When the substance abuse assessment recommends treatment, offenders 

should not be permitted to drive unless they receives treatment and can show 

that the substance abuse disorder is under control. The court system should 

monitor compliance with treatment recommendations. Evidence of control should 

be submitted to the court, and the licensing authority should not reinstate 

the driver’s license until it receives this information from the court 

system. 

- Information related to assessment results and treatment recommendations 

should be included in a computerized monitoring information system to be used 

by DHR and DMV to track offenders and monitor program performance. NC95 

- DHHR and Behavioral Health Treatment Centers should develop and implement 

clear criteria for completion of the required program and recommendation of 

license reinstatement. WV93 

10. CLIENT/REFERRAL TRACKING SYSTEMS 

- ** The Arizona DHS, in cooperation with courts, the Arizona DOT and MVD 

should develop a data system capable of tracking DUI referrals. AZ 

- ** Develop and implement a DUI client tracking system. MT 

- ** Design and institute a comprehensive statewide tracking and monitoring 

system for all people convicted of DWI offenses to ensure not only that 

timely assessments are conducted, but also that relevant and necessary 

information is shared at least among the judicial, motor vehicle licensing, 

enforcement and treatment systems. NC 

- Develop a statewide offender tracking system similar to that used by the 

Central State Institute for Addictions. IL 

- A single agency should be responsible for tracking and monitoring offenders 

through the Assessment, Course and Treatment system. MT 

G-8