Checklist of Micro-Organisms 

Associated With Tree Seeds 

in the World, 1985 

Robert It. Anderson 

Supervisory Plant Pathologist 

Forest Pest Management, Southern Region 

Asheville, North Carolina 

Most plant seeds carry spores of 

various fungi either on the surface or 

within the seed. Surface fungi are 

almost a1 ways found because the spores 

easily stick to the outer seedcoat, 

Fungi inside the seed most often occur 

as mycelium, Thei r mode of entry in 

tree seeds is not known. It is theorized that the fungi may enter anytime 

during seed development or through 

cracks in the seedcoat, especially 

after harvesting. Spore counts as high 

as 150,000 per tree seed have been 

reported; some seed lots have several 

hundred thousand spores per gram of 

seed, 

Forestry. throughout the world is 

becomi ng increasingly dependent on a 

constant supply of good-quality seeds 

from trees selected for increased 

growth, yield, and resistance to 

diseases and insects. In the past, 

collections of seeds from wild trees 

were less expensive, and the loss of 

seeds and seedlings could be compensated 

by increasing the volume of seed used. 

However, the introduction of more intensively managed areas such as seed 

orchards and seed collection stands has 

considerably increased the cost of seed 

per pound. The cost of insecticides, 

herbicides, fertilizers, labor, and tree 

selection are a11 accrued in the final 

cost per pound of seed. A1 so, the germination of seeds from some of these 

intensively managed areas has been less 

than that of seeds col lected from wi ld 

trees (Rowan and DeBarr 1974), 

A number of causal agents, such as 

insects, have been documented as causing 

seed-germi nati on losses, but the complete role of fungi is not well defined. 

Several kinds of fungi can be isolated 

from conifer seeds. There are species 

that cause decay and reduce germination 

of stored seeds, species that attack 

germinating seeds and seedlings, and 

other species that are more or less 

harmless, Current knowledge is insufficient to precisely separate individual 

species of fungi occurring on seeds. It 

is clear that some fungi usually viewed 

as harmless can cause serious losses in 

adverse conditions such as improper seed 

storage. In some cases, fungi that are 

normally considered to be saprophytes 

can cause decay of seeds, for instance 

Trichoderma (Urosevic 1961). Some 

fungi, such as Caloscypha fulgens on 

spruce, have been documented as being 

pathogenic to the seed (Sutherland and 

Van Eerden 1980) ; others, such as many 

of the Fusarium spp,, reside on or 

inside the seeds but cause losses to 

germi nati ng seedl i ngs . 

Identifying Seedborne Pathogens 

A few years ago, the International 

Seed Testing Association (ISTA) publ ished "An Annotated List of Seedhorne 

Diseases (Richardson 1979) , which was 

1 ater fol lowed by supplements. These 

reports listed the fungi occurring on 

all plant species including trees, how 
"i.ir;,-ji 3ffect seeds, whether 3 eon-- 

trsl is available, z~d the source of 

inf~~ris?3+i.iri. In 19Pls she Forest Tree 

arzV9~r.s Teed G~arnrni ttee sf !STA formed 

ehe i 5eed Patho1 ogy Morki ng Group, -- She a.cs-i$nea tasKs f~r- the group were ta 

3 de-ii iy tree seedborne paxhoyens that 

calat: czuse d serious problem 4f "iranpa:-:eq ti-) ather geographic areas, to 

#?eueIsp or identify testivg methods, to 

surzmit infested seeds for comparative 

teszs, and to sghmi' pr~posals for ISTA 

rvl cs changes, 

-VI 

no accoi.iplish this, it was necessary 

to henti fy the crs-rsi-gan-n" sms ";ka"r_a:-c-j 

fwnd on seeds, Step one was to extract 

tk~e tree seed i~forrnation from 

Rdchardson? books, Step two was to add 

other kqown references and send the list 

to rcienxi s$s worldwide for comrfients and 

s~i~~j~~toil revi slo~s. The check1 i st 

4ncl~(den in this Report is the result of 

:+'s cooperative work. Listed are the 

ngst, its assoc! atsd micro-organism, 

~efarence, and the cos.jntry of origin, 

Rlsl-, noted if whether the organism 

caz~s?s a disease cP economic importance, 

bes a0 available treatment, or informat;~ is inconplete, 

International Testing 

By diiog the checklist, the Tree 

See? ilathgiogy Working Group identified 

inree fdngi worthy of international 

rs?st~ pg: 

1 Fdsari urn moni 1 i forme var, 

ns occurring on Pinus 

---- - el%iol%ii, and P, daeda, from - -- the United States, 

2 Zdoscypha fulgens occurring on "--- --- Ficea spp,, from Canada, --- 

3, Sf rocaccus ~'%robs" 1 -inus occurring 

on Picea spp,, from Canada. 

4 quick, reliable method has been 

esla~lirbeb For F, msnil ifssme var, -- subaiutinans, In tKe Southern hi ted 

States, this fungus causes a disease sf 

pines called pitch canker, It can be 

found in the cones and seeds as we1 l as 

in resinous bra~eh cankers of pines, 

The fungus can be isolated from a pine 

seed by placing the seed on blue filter 

paper in a plastic tray, crushing the 

seed, then spraying seed and blotter 

paper with a liquid qedii~m semiselective 

for Fusarium spp, The tray is covered 

ando:ncubated at room temperature (about 

20 C) for 14 days or until the colonizs are 2 cn in diameter, Each colony 

is examined microscopically for the 

conidia and polyphialides diagnostic for 

F , moni 1 flforrne var, suhgl uti nans. This - 

method permits rapid screening of representative samples of pine seed lots for 

the pitch canker fungus and gives the 

same result as using a seleceive agar 

medi urn (Anderson 1986) . This method has 

heen evaluated and is ready for suhmis- 

%ion to ISTA, 

Gal oscypha ful yens and Si rococcus --- -- -- - -- st robi 1 i nus on spruce have Gen sel etted ------- 

far comparative testing, 

This fist and its future additions 

will serve as the basis for identification of organisms that are seedborne and 

are of international concern (such as 

the three mentioned above) it will 

also assist those who are working on 

organisms of tree seeds to readi ly 

identify if an organism has been found 

on or in a seed and its possible significance, In addition, it can serve as a 

valuable tog3 for those people involved 

in seed testing and transports 
bi teratuse Cited 

Anderson, R,t, New method for assessing contamination of stash and loblolly pine seeds by w 

Fusari um var, Plant 

Disease 70:452-453; 1986, 

Rlchardsofl, M,J, An annotated Ifst of seedborne 

diseases, 34 ed. Zurich, Switzerland: 

International Seed Testing ASSO@,; 1979, 108 pp* 

Rowan, S,J, ; Debarr, Gary L, Moldy seed and poor 

germination linked to seedbug damage in slash 

pi ne. Tree PI anters ' Notes 25( 1) : 25-27 ; 1974. 

Sueherland, Jack R, ; Yan Eerden, Evert, Disease and 

insect pests in British Columbia forest nurseries, BriQish Calumkia Ministry of Forests/ 

Canadian Forestry Service, Joint Rep. 12; 1980. 

55 PP 

Urosevic, B. The influence of saprophytic and semiparasitic fungi on the germination of Norway 

spruce and Scots pine seeds. Proceedings, 

International Seed Testing Association 

26(3):341-346; $961, 

MICRO-ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH TREE SEEDS IN THE WORLD, 5985 

Following the name of the country, if a treatment is available, this is indicated by an asterisk (*); where an organism causes a disease of considerable economic importance, this is indicated by a dagger (t) ; where evidence concerning 

the seedborne nature of the organism is incomplete or contradictory, this is indicated by a section symbol (5). Where no country is listed, the origin of the 

organism is not known. The complete references and an alphabetical list of 

organisms with their authors follows the checklist. 

- Nost and Reference Host and Reference 

organi SQI No. Country organ i srn No. Country 

Abies spp, 

Fusarium culmorum 16 England 

Heterobasidion 

annosum 16 North 

America 

Lirula macrospora 16 USSR 

--7- 

Ye1 anospora zamie 16 England 

- Sclerotiurn sp, 16 

Truncate1 1 a 

hartigi i 16 England 

Abies amabi 1 is Dougl . ex Forbes 

Botrytis cinerea 13 South 

Korea 

Fusari um semi tectum 13 South 

Korea 

Hapal ophragmiops i s 

ponderosum 18 India 

Phoma sp, 13 b~pt 

Acacia auriculiformis -A, Cunn. ex 

Renth, 

Aspergillus flavus 15 Philipy i nec; 

Aspergillus -- niger 15 Phi 1 ippines 

Chaetorni urn sp, p-7 

15 Philip- 

+i nes 

Curvul aria 

-- pal 1 escens 15 Philippines 

Fusarium semitectum 15 Phi 1 ippi nes 

Phoma sp, 13 India 

Abies grandis (Dougl . ex D. Don) 

Lindl . Acacia confusa Merr. 

Fusari urn 

moniliforme 13 

Abies nordmanni ana (Steven) 

Fusari um 

moni 1 i forme 13 

South 

Korea 

Spac h 

South 

Korea 

Aspergi 1 l us spp. 

Bot ryodi pl od i a 

theobromae 

Cl adospori urn 

cl adosporoides 

Curvul aria S unata 

Penicillium spp. 

Acacia spp. 

fusari um oxysporum 

f. sp. - koae. 18 Hawai i 

Phoma sp, 

-- Rh i zopus sp. 

2 Philippines 

2 Philippi nes 

2 Philippines 

2 Philippines 

2 Philippines 

2 Philippines 

2 Philippines 
Host and Reference tios t and Reference 

organi sm Noe Country organi srn Nos Country 

Acacia modesta Wal 1 . Acer palmatum Thunb. (con 't) 

Pestalotia sp. 13 South 

Korea 

Phoma sp. 13 South 

Korea 

Phornops i s sp. 13 South 

Korea 

Fusarium semi tectum 13 India 

O 13 India 

Acaci a raddi ana Savi 

Septoria sp, 13 South 

Korea 

Fusarium moni 1 i forme 13 Israel 

Phoma sp. 13 Israel 

--- Acrocarpus fraxini fol ius Wri yht --- - 

-p 

Botrytis -- cinerea 13 South 

Korea 

Fusarium --- moni l i forrne 13 South 

Korea 

Botryodiplodia 

t heobromae 13 Rwanda 

-- Rotrytis --- cinerea 13 West 

Rengal 

GI oeospori urn 

acericot a 16 

- Phyl losticta spa 16 

Phyl losticta 

- platanoidis f, sp. 

nequndi ni s 16 

Cephalosporium sp. 

Col letotrichTG spa -- 

-- Fusarium e ' 

13 Rwanda* 

13 Rwartda 

13 India, 

Rwanda* 

13 India, 

Rwanda* 

13 India, 

Rwanda* 

13 Rwanda* 

13 India, 

Rwanda* 

13 Rwanda* 

USSR 

Fusari urn moni l i forme 

USSR 

Fusarium semitectum 

Myrothecium roridum 

Phoma Spe - Acer campestres L. 

Verticillium sp. 13 South 

Korea Phomops i s sp, 

Adenanthera microsperma 

Bi nn. P 

Acer Thunb, Teijsm, fi 

Botrytis cinerea 13 South 

Korea Botryodiplodia sp, 

Fusari um moni 1 iforme 

13 India 

13 India 

13 India 

13 India 

13 India 

Fusarium semi tectum 

Pestalotia sp, 

Phoma sp, 

Acer Thunb, 

Ascsc hyta sp, 13 

- Col letotrichum sp. 13 

Fusarium semitectum 13 

South 

Korea 

South 

Korea 

South 

Korea 

Adiana cardifolia Benth, 

Brandi s 

Phoma sp, 13 India 
organi sm No, Country 

Farsari urn sol ani 15 Phjlippirles 

Agathi s macrophyl la (Lindley) Masters 

Col ledotriehum 

15 Philippines 

Aspergi l l us -- f l avus 35 Phi l i ppines 

15 England 

( seeds 

@ ame 

I rom 

Oxford) 

AS ternari a tenui s 2 Philippines 

SPP s 2 Philippl"nes 

Cephal ospori urn sp. 13 Phi 1 i ppines 

Chaetsmi urn sp 2 Philippines 

Fusarium moni 1 ifsrme 13 Phi lippines 

Fusariun semi tectum 13 Phi 1 ippines 

Penicitliun spp. 2 Philip-- 

pines 

Pestalotia %pa 13 Philippines* 

13 Philippines 

cargani sm No. Country 

Fusari urn oxysporum 

15 USA 

Penici l l i urn spp. 3 Ph-ilippi nes 

Aspergi tl us spp. ---- 2 Philipps" nes 

Fusari urn semitectum 2 Phi l i ppl" nes 

Penicillium spp, 2 Phl'lippines 

Pestalotia sg, 2 Philipps" nes 

al bi zi a st1 pul ata Boi vi r~ 

Fusarium rnonil iforme 13 India 

f usai-i un GI an4 33 India 

Macrophomi na 

phase01 i na 13 India 

~hbma sp. 13 India 

-- Ci bsria alni -- 16 Czechoslovakia 

-- Cyl indrosporel la 

alena 16 Oenmarkg 

Tams 

a1 ni -i neanae 16 Poland5 

Alnus maximswiczii - Caf f ier ex 

Schneid, 

Cephalospori urn sp. 13 South 

Korea 

Fusari urn $3 Rwanda 

Fusari urn semitectum 13 Rwanda 
Most and Reference 

organi sm No, Country 

-- qjyf: 

~rgilni sm m Country 

--- -i ----- 

Ci bsri a bntsc hi ana 16, France -- --"A 

17 

America, 

Rrazi 1 

Dsthioret la sp, 16 North 

America, 

Srazi f 

Endothi a ~rasi tica 16 France, - -- USA"? 

Phomopsis --- endogena 16 Italy 

Phomspsi s 

---- viterbensis 16 BQIy 

Aspergi l l us -- %I avus 15 Phi% i ypines 

15 Fzlnl"1 ippines 

$5 Philippines 

15 Philippines 

15 Philfppines 

brachyspora - 15 Philipp% nes 

Curvularia l unata 15 Phi 1 ippi ner 

pal l eseens 15 Philfppines 

Fusarium moni 7 i forme 15 Phi 1 igMac rop homa 15 Philippifies 

BS Philip- 

- Casudrina gui -- seti fol ia [con 't) 

Phoma sp, --- 13 Phl'lippi nes 

Phomopsis casuarinae 36 Australia 

13 Philippi weg 

Cedrela odorata L, 

Col 'BetDtrichu~~ sp. 13 Colonhi a* 

Fusari urn moni 1 i fcrme 13 Colsrnhia* 

semi tectum i3 C~fombia* - Fusari urn so7 an1 13 Cof omhi a* 

Mac aoghsmi na 

13 Col~rnbia* 

-- Phsma sp, 93 Colombia* 

-- Cedrel a serrul ata Mi q a - - 

Pestalatia sp, 13 Rwanda 

-- Phsma sp, 13 Rwa~ada 

Cedrela - tosna Roxb, 

Id -- --- Fusari urn moni 1 i forme 13 lndi a 

Cedrus deodara (Roxb ,) Loud, 

Allernaria -- tewi s 19 Uruguay 

Tsichotheci - urn roseum 19 Uruguay 

Pestalotiopsis sp, 16 Japan 

pi rnes 

Pestalotiopsis -- sp, 16 Mauritius 
HOS t and Refyrence 

orgarsf sm Noe Country 

Host and Reference 

ctrgarl -i sm No. Country 

Citrus spp, (con") 

Arthrinium sp, 13 South 

Korea 

Drechslera rsstsata 13 South 

Korea 

Fusari urn sol ani I3 South 

Korea 

ftionjlia sp, 13 South 

Korea 

PestaloLia sp, 13 South 

Korea 

i l 

Stem pitting virus 16 Corsica5 

-- Xanthsmowas ci - tri 16 USA, 

Endia*t 

West 

Germany 

Japan 

Japan 

tfapan 

Malaysia* 

Cephal ospori urn sp, 

Fusarium semi tectum 

Fusari urn sol ani 

Marasmiellus sp, 

Ma rasmi el 1 us 

cocophi --- 1 us 

Chukrasia tabularis Juss, 

Fusarium moni 1 ifosme 13 India 

Mae ro~homi na see 13 Irtdia Sol oqon 

13 India Xsl an&* 

Ma 1 aysi a 

Citrus spp, Japan 

Ci trus exocortis 

vi rus 16 

Ci t rus psorosi s 

vi rus 16 

Africa, 

USA, 

West 

1rrda"d 

SO a omon 

lsl ands 

India 

Argentina, 

USA, 

USSR 

Ri gi doporus zonal i s --- 

Root wi l t pathogen 

Citrus woad pocket 

vi rtts I6 

Citrus xyl oporosi s 

vi rus 16 

USA 

Coni ferae 

Cyprus 9 

USA 17 Canada 

16 Fennica, 

Scot1 and 

Citrus yellow shoot 

v-i rus 16 North 

China$ 

USSR 

Rurnani a 

USA* 

Fusari urn moni 1 i fsrne 13 Col omhi a* 

Fusarium semitectum 23 Colombia* 

parasitiea 16 USA* P 

-- Phoma sp. 13 Cafsmhia* 

We 13 Colombia* 
-- Host and Reference 

organ'i srn Nom Country 

Host and Reference 

organi sm No, Country 

16 Denmark 

16 1talv-t 

D. Don 

13 Madagascar 

torul osa Don, 

A1 ternari a sp, 19 Uruguay 

SP 19 Uruguay 

sissoo Roxb. 

Fusarium moni l i forme 13 Madagascar 

Fusarium sol ani 13 Madagascar 

Cupressus spp, 

13 Syria 

$3 Syria 

Pestaloti a sp, 13 Madagascar 

Phcsma sp, -- 13 Syria 

- A1 ternari a sp , 19 Uruguay 

Mac roy homi na sp , $9 Uruguay 

Cupressus cashmeri ana Roy1 e. ex Carr. 

Pestalstia sp, 13 India 

Phoma spa 13 India 

19 Uruguay 

$3 India, 

Kenya 

Phoma sps 13 iadt"a 

Al ternsri a sp. 19 Uruguay 

19 Uruguay 

Delonix regia (Roj. ex Hook .) Raf. 

- kpergi l l us sp. 13 Rrazil 

Chaetomi um sp. 15 Philippines 

Cl adospori urn 

cladss~oroides 15 Philip- ' pines 

Fusari urn equi seti 13 Brazi 1 

Fusari um semi tectum 13 Rrazi l 

Phoma sp, 13 Brazil 

- kaki L, 

spherics 13 South 

Korea 

Penicillium sp, 16 India* 

Penicill iopsis 

clavariaeformis 18 India 

Pestalotia diospyri 13 South 

Korea 

Phoma sp, 13 South 

Korea 

El aei s gui neensi s Jacq . Fusari urn oxysporum 

f.s~.elaeidis 16 Africa, - -I - 

Surinam, 

Co 1 ombi a 

Schizo~hvllum " 

commune 23 Malaysia* 
Host and Reference 

organism No. Country 

Endosperum pel taturn - Merr , 

Cephai ospori urn sp, 2 Phi 1 i ppi nes 

2 Philtppines 

2 Philippines 

2 Philippiwer 

A1 ternar? a sp, $9 Uruguay 

- Cylindrocladium 

brazi 1 iensis 15 Brazil* 

SF, I3 Philippines 

13 Philippines 

Penicillium sp, 2 Pk-liipp-i nes 

13 Phl"?iip-- 

pines 

Eucalyptus 

---- Labi I I, 

---- Wspergi 11 us sp, 21 %ndia 

Cephalssporium sp, 2% India 

~heetomibm sp. ' - 21 India 

- Fusasiurn so, 13 Portuaal 

Msnocillium sp, 

-- Mueor sp, 

Paecilomyces sp, 

Penicillium s~, 

J 

India 

I~di a 

India 

India 

13 India 

13 India 

Fusari urn semi tectum 13 Egypt 

13 India 

Eucalyptus - citriodora -Hook. f. 

- Aspergi ST us sp, 21 India 

Cephaiospo%%.m sp. 21 India ------ 

--- Chaeeorni urn sp, 21 %ndl"a 

Colletotr~chum sp, 2P India ---- 

Fusi coccum sp, ---- 21 India 

Gl iocephal otrichum 

sy. 21 India 

Macrophoma sp, 21 India 

Monociliium sp, 21. India 

Paeci l onyces sp, 21 India 

- Penicil l ium sp, 21 India 

Fhomops i s sp, 2"rnda"a 

Hill ex Maiden 

4 4' 

29 India 

ia sp, 13 Uruguay 

Curvularia sp, 19 Ilruguay 

19 Uruguay 

13 Uruguay 

29 India 

2% India 

~~rothebiurn roridum 13 Uruguay 

Penicillium spg 21 1nda"a 

Pestalodio~sis 

funerea 

Fhoma so, 

$9 Uruguay 

-- 13 India 

Hhirspxi sp, ---- $9 Uruguay 

Verticillium sp, -- - $9 Uruguay 

Eucalyptus maiden1 d F, Muef 1 , 

A1 ternaria sp, 19 Uruguay 

Curvularia ss, 19 Uruauav ap Y 

19 Uruguay 

Penicillium sp, 29 Uruquay - - 

" sp, 19 Upuguay 

19 Uruguay 
srgani sm Ms, Country 

Eucalyptus tereLicornis Sm, 

Aspergi I l us sp, 21 India 

SP e 23. India 

Mlacor sp, 21, India 

Penicillium sp. 21 India 

Phorna sg, 13 India 

13 USA 

Rhi zsctonia solani 18 France* 

Ficus -- benjami na L, 

R~tryodiplodia sp. 13 India 

Fusarium moni lifsrme 13 India 

Fusarium seni tectum f3 India 

Verticilliun sp, 13 India 

Ficus krishnane C, DC, 

Cephdosporium sp. 13 India 

Fraxinus sp, 

Host and Reference 

organ4 sm No, Country 

Ginkgo P biloba i, 

--- 

Aspergi 1 l us 97, 2 Philippines 

-- Botrytis cinerea --- 13 Ph-o"Oip-.. 

pines 

-- 

Fusari urn semitectum 

Penicillium sp, 

13 India 

13 India 

13 India 

13 India 

13 India 

2 Philippines 

13 India 

Gmef i na - moll ucana Bocker ex K, Heyne 

Cephal osporS urn sp, 13 Sol omsn 

Islands 

13 Solomon 

Islands 

Rot rysdi pS odi a 

theobromae 13 Rwanda* 

Discocia spa 13 Rwanda* 

Fusari urn eaui seti 13 Rwanda 

-- 

Fusarium mdni~iforine 13 Rwanda* 

--- Fusari urn semi tecturn 13 Rwanda* 

-- Fusari urn sol ani 13 Rwanda* 

Pestalotia sp, 14 Rwanda* 

16 USSR 

(Moscow) 
--- 

Host and 

organi s;.m No, Country 

16 India*+ 

5 South and 

Central 

America , Carl bbean* 

16 Malaysia 

- Fusarium ~oni I i forme 13 South 

Korea 

Phsmopsisocculta p-- 16 Denmark 

Fusatium msni l i farme -13 India 

Fusarium semitectum 13 India 

Phama SD, 13 Indh 

13 India 

Howei a forsteri ana Beec a 

Aspergi 11 us f 1 avus 15 Phi 1 i p- - pi nes 

Cephal ospori urn sp . 15 Phi 1 i ppi nes 

Cl adospsri v urn sp, 15 Ph%"lippi nes 

Dothi orel l a sp, 16 North 

America 

Jacaranda mimssaefolia D, Don 

15 Philippines 

13 India 

Fusarium moni liforme 13 India 

Pk'roma SD, 13 India 

Larix spp. 

iytospora -- curreyi 16 Scot1 and 

Dhoma 1 ineolata 16 Scotland, 

spp. 

USA, 

Denmark 

Phomopsi s -- occul ta 16 Denmark 

A1 ternaria nucis -- 16 Czech~-= 

slovakia, 

Romani a 

Cherry leaf roll 

vi rus $7, Southern 

18 Italy, 

United 

sp, 13 Phiaippines 

Ki ngdom, 

USA 

Fusari urn moni 1 i forme 13 Phi 1 i p-- 

pi nes 

Fusarium semitectum 13 Phi 1 ippi nes 

Fusasi urn sol ani $3 Philippines 

16 Romania, 

Italy4 
P 

Postand Reference 

osgani sm No, Country organi sm No, Country 

homa sp, --- 13 PI13 lippines 

Rhinoctnqia sslani 13 Philip- -------- - ----- pines 

Leucatna cu~ningharn Benth. -- -- P__---- 

-- Phorna 5irl;, 13 Cuba 

-pa-- 

Pestalselopsis 

-- f lanerea 16 England 

Leucdena diversifolia Benth, ----- - 

--- Fusari urn moni 1 i forme 13 Guate- --- ma I a* 

-L---- 

Mae rophomi na 

phase01 s'na - 13 Guatenal a* 

Phorna sp, 13 Guatema1 a* 

Phomopsis - spa 13 Guatema 'I a* 

Fusari uq moni I i forme 13 Phi 1 i p- ----- --- pines 

Leucaena 1 eucocephal a (Lam .) de Wi t ---- --- 

-- Asperyi ll us sp, 2 Philippines 

Cephal ospori urn sp, 13 Phi 1 i p- -- - 

pi nes 

Cladosporium sp, 2 Philippi nes 

2 Philippi rres 

Fusarium moni liforme 13 Philippines, 

Malaysia* 

Fusarium semi tectum 2 Phi lippi nes 

PeniciSliurn sp, 2 Philippines 

Raspberry bushy 

dwarf virus 16 

Tobacco mosaic ui rus 16 

Tomato bushy stunt 

vi rds 16 

18 

Denmark, 

Ronania, 

Australia 

Canada 

East 

Germany 

13 Phfl ipp-i nes 
Host and Reference 

organism No. Country 

- Host and Reference 

srgani sm No, G~untry 

Mimosa caesalpiniafol ia Benth. 

Cephalosporium sp. 13 Brazil 

Fusari um moni l i forme 13 Brazi 1 

Fusari urn semi tectum 13 Brazi 1 

Pestal oti a s~, 13 Brazil 

Nothofagus spp 

Mycogone sp 16 England 

( London) 

Truncate1 l a harci gi i 16 Engl and 

( London) 

Phomzn sp, 13 Brazil 

SP 13 Brazil 

Mimosa scabrell a Benth, 

Fusari urn moni 1 i forme 13 Brazi l 

Fusariumoxysporum 13 Brazil 

Fusarium semitectum 13 Rrazi 1 

Morus spp. 

Ci boria 

caruncul oides 16 5 

Mi crogl ossum 

shi raianum 

Sclerotinia 

16 5 

shi rai ana 16 llSA5 

Musa spp, 

Botryodipl odi a 

t heobromae 16 Panama, 

Honduras, 

Ma1 aysi a 

Vi rus 16 USA 

Musanya cecropoides R. Br. 

CurvuS aria 1 unata 

2 Philippines 

2 Philippines 

2 Philippines 

2 Philippi nes 

Panax schi nseq C, A, Mey , 

Cephalospori urn sp. 13 South 

Korea 

-- Parkia roxburgii G, Don 

Aspergi 1 1 us f 1 avus 15 Phi l i ppi nes 

Penici 11 i urn sp, 15 Ph-F"lippines 

Rhi zoctoni a sol a~i 16 

Suabl otc h vi rus '96 

usa.5 

Austral ia* 

US& 

USA, 

Afrjca 

USA, 

New 

Zeal and, 

Ausvral s" a 

Penicil l ium sp, 
Host and Reference 

orgidni sm No, Country 

-rC----- --I--- - - - - -- - - 

Host and Reference 

organiun No. Co%;n"try 

- Pi cea excel sa (con ' t ) 

17 Canada* 

18 Canada, 

Fusarium 

24 USSR 

USA 24 USSR 

Geni cul odendron 

16 Canada* USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

het;ros~orum 

Fusar wn ateritium 

moni 1 iforme 

oxysporum 

redolens 

sarcochrum 

Fusarium semitectum 

Pusarium solani 

18 USA 

Si a%ococcems 

strobi 1 i nus 18 Canada 

$6 England 

Pi cea Parry ex Enyelm, Fusarium 

USSR 

USSR 

sporotrichi oides 

-- ~lioel adi urn roseum 

strobi 1 inus 9 USA 

- ~e'lminthosporium 

-- Picea excelra Link sativum 24 USSR 

Acremoniel la atra 24 USSK -- 

24 USSR 

-- 

api ocarpon 

Me1 anconr urn bicol or 

xucor pl umbeus 

G racemosus 

Mucor Xanianus 

ra 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR - A1 ternarid brassi cae 23 

A1 ternaria tenui s 24 

USSR 

usst? 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSH 

arenarium 24 

Penicill ium 

24 

24 

24 

24 

USSR 

USSR 

24 USSR 

24 USSR USSR 

USSR USSR 

I - 

herbarram 24 

Cbdospori urn naumovi 24 - -- Cl ados~sri urn 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

24 USSR 

24 USSR 

24 USSR 

USSR Hhiza~us arrhizas 24 USSR 

24 USSR 

USSR 24 USSH 

\JSSS 

pi ri fome 24 USSR 

USSR TOFU r a convsl uta 24 USSR 
Host and Reference 

organi sm No. Country 

------- Host and Reference 

organjsm Hoe Cocrntsy 

Picea excel sa (con 't) Pinus cari baea (con 2) 

24 USSR 

24 USSR 

Vertici 11 i urn 

a1 bo-atrum + 24 USSR 

Brechslera bicolor 13 Cuba 

e 13 Hadagascar 

Fusarium sxysporum 13 Cuba 

Fusari um semi tectum 13 Cuba 

13 Cuba 

Pilllostigma malabaricum Renth, Maersphomi na 

~hase~l s'na 13 Central 

flavus 15 Philippines 

America 

Pestatoti a sp. 13 MadagasAspergi 11us ni ger 15 Phi 1 i p- car 

pi nes 

Chaetomi urn sp. 15 Philippi nes 

Fusarium semitectum 15 Phi l ippi nes 

--- Pinus eartbaeix var, 

bahanansis - Barr, R Golf, 

Penicillium sp. 15 Phl" lip-. 

pi nes 

Fusarium - moni 1 i fsrme 13 Brazi 1 ----.- 

Pinus caribaea var. caribae Barr, R -- 

Pinus spp. Gal f, 

t heobromae 18 Nicasasua 

Fusarium moni 1 i forme 13 Brazi 1 

Fusari urn -- sol ani 13 Brazil 

Di pl odi a pi nea 16 unitedu 

Ki ngdom, 

USA Pinus caribaea var, 

hsndusensis Barr. & Gsl f, 

16 United 

Ki ngdom, 

North 

America 

(I 

debrl" s 

only) t 

Fusarium moni 1 i For~ne 13 Brazi 1 

Fusari urn semi tectun 13 BrazS 1 

Phoma sp. 13 India 

Pestalotiopsis 

f unerea 

Phoma sp. 

16 England 

13 Japan 

ma smphal odes 16 Poland -- Fusarium moni 1 i forme - Canada 

USA 

USA 

Fusarium semitectum 

Fusari urn sol ani 

Pi nus casi baea Morel . Pestaloela sp, 13 USA 

Verticillium sp, 13 USA 

- Botryodiplodia sp. 13 MadagasCdf 

Botryodiplodia 

theobromae 13 Guatemala 

Botrytis cinerea 13 Cuba 

Chaetomi urn so. 13 Central 

America 
-- ------------ Host and Reference 

organism No. Country 

-- Pinus el 1 iotti i Enyelm, var. ---- elliottii 

A1 ternaria sp. 19 Uruauav 

s spe 

Cephal ospori um sp. 

Chaetomium globosum 

Curvul aria sp. 

Di pl odia gossypi na 

Drechsl era sp. 

Fusariurn rnonil iforrne 

Fusarium rnonil i forrne 

var. subgl utinans 

Fusarium semi tectum 

-- Fusariurn solani 

Gliocladium SP. 

d Y 

Uruguay 

Uruguay 

Uruguay 

Uruguay 

USAt 

Uruguay 

Brazi 1 

IJSA, 

Philippinest 

Uruguay 

Brazi 1 

Uruauav 

- Mycothypa sp. 19 Uruguay 

- ~edocephal urn sp. 19 Uruguay 

Penicill ium sp. 19 I!ruauav - " 

Pestalotiopsi s 

guepi ni 19 Uruguay 

Khizopus sp. --- 19 Uruguay 

---- Trichoderina vi ride 19 Uruguay --- Trichotheci -- urn roseum 19 Uruuuav ---- J *r 

~ertml i urn sp. ------- 19 Uruguay 

Pi nus i nsul ari s End1 . Al tenari a tenui s 

Cl adospori urn 

c 1 adosporoides 

Drechslera maydis 

Fusarium rnoniliforme 

Mac rophomi na 

phase01 i na -- 

-- Mycel i a steri 1 i a 

Pestalotia sp. 

Phoma sp. 

Stemphyl ium 

radicinum 

Philippi nes 

Phi 1 i ppines 

Phi 1 i ppines 

Phi 1 ippines 

Phi 1 ippines 

Philippines 

Fhilippines 

Phi 1 i ppines 

Phi 1 i ppines 

Host and Reference 

organi srn No. Country 

Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gorde 

Aspergi 11 us ni ger 15 Phi 1 i ppines 

Fusarium semitectum -15 Phi 1 ippines 

Penicillium sp. 15 Philip- & pines 

Pinus khasya Royle -- 

Rotryodiplodia sp. 13 Madagascar 

Fusari um -- moni -- 1 i forme 13 Brazi 1 

Fusarium semi tectum 13 Madagas- ------ - car 

Pestalotia sp. 13 Zambia 

Phorna sp, 13 Philippines 

Pi nus 1 ambert i ana Doug1 . Cylindrocladium -sp. 20 USA 

Fusarium oxysporum 6 USA*t 

Fusari urn roseum 20 USA*t 

Mucor sp. 20 USA 

Penicillium spa 20 USA 

Rhizopus sp. 20 USA 

Pinus rnerkusii Jungh. R de Vriese 

Aspergi 11 us spa 

Botryodi pl odi a 

t heobromae 

Cephal ospori urn spa 

Fusarium equiseti 

Fusari urn moni 1 i forrne - 

Fusarium - semitectum 

Fusarium solani 

Mac rophomi na 

phase01 i na 

Philippines 

Philippines 

Phi 1 ippines 

Zarnbi a 

Philippines 

Philippi rles 

Phi lippines 

Phi 1 i ppines 
Host and Reference 

erg23 i srl No, Country organism No, Country 

Pi ktms mergiisi i (con 9) -- P4 ws ponderosa Dcwj?. ex Laws, 

2 Philippi nes 

13 Zailshia 

3.3 Zambia 

-- 10, USA 

I % 

Bacteria (uqidentiPi ed) 18, iSSA 

la 

Fusarium monil iforme 16 Cuba ---- 

Pi nus socarpa Sc hi ede ---- -- --- 

Cephal ospori urn sp, 10, ilSA 

i 1 

Chaetomium sp, 10, USA 

11 

13 Central 

Arserica 

13 Central 

America 

13 Central 

America 

13 Central 

America 

13 Zarnbja 

Cladospori urn -- 

cucurieri num 10, USA 

Fusarium moni 1 I l i forme -- L I 

3-i pl odi a pi nea 20, IjSA 

Fdsari urn sol arli I a ----- 

Fusari urn sol ani --- 10, USA*? 

I I 

G4iocladium -- sp, 10, USA 11 

13 Central 

America 

13 Central 

America 

I? USA* 

I I 

Finus patula Schleeht, R Cham, ---- 0 USA* 

Fcsar~urn semitectuv $3 Madagas- I % ----- ------ car 

--- Festabtia sps 13 MadagasCd$" 

!!IO, USA": 

4 1 

10, USA* 

11 

10, USA* 

14 

10, USA* 

I I 

-- expansurn 

Ghaetomi uw m 19 Uruguay 

Fusarium moni 1 i Psrme 19 Uruguay 

-- Penici % 1 i urn 0x61 icum 

--- - - - 

Fusari urn - semitectum 19 Uruguay 
Hast and Reference 

organjsm No, Country 

Host and Reference 

organism No. Country 

PI nus (con8 tj Pinus syivestris (con Yt) 

10, USA 

11 

Cl adospsri urn 

24 USSR 

naumovi 24 USSR 

24 USSR 

-- 24 USSR 

24 USSR 

24 USSR 

Cyl i ndrocarpon 

radicicol a 24 USSR 

styrenochaeta - sp, 10, USA 

11 

Rhizopusarrhizas 10, USA --- 11 

---- Trichoderma viride 10, USA 13 

-- Fvssats" urn 

arthrosporisides 

Fusari urn culmorum 

Fusari urn 

heteras~orun 

USSW 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

Yeast (un-iden-ti fi ed) 10, USA 

I I 

Fusari urn i ateri tium 

Fusari urn reboiens 

Fusari urn sarcschrum 

Fusari urn semi tectum 

Pi nus Lamb, 

-- Fusarium noniliforme 13 USA - 

Fusari urn sol ani 

Fi~sari urn 

spsrot ri c hi oi des 

Gliocladium roseum 

USSR 

Pi nus roxhurghi i Sarg, {JSSR 

Fusarium --- equiseti 13 India USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

iJSSR 

USSR 

USSR 

api iscarpon 

~eEnconium bicslor 

Mucor pl urnbeus 

Muc~r racernosis 

--- Acre~o~iella --- 

atra 24 

- Acrostal agmus --- c-i nnaharl nus ---- 24 

---- At ternaria brassicae 24 

Al ternari a --- tenui r 24 

Asperyi l ius -- ni jer 24 

Botryti s *ea 24 

Ceyhal ospari urn 

acermonium 24 

Cephalospor%m 

subverticil ladurn 24 

- Chaetsmi usrr 24 

Cl adospori urn 

epi phvl 'BE 24 

USSW 

USSR 

USSR 

IlSSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSW 

USSR 

Mueor rama~i anus 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

USSR 

!JSSW 

Penici 1 l i urn 

USSR d i verqens 

Host and Reference 

organism No, Country 

bst and Seferertce 

srgani sm No, Country 

Aspergi l P i us -- fl avus 15 Phi l 1sp-l nes 

Cl adospsriu~a 

-- ides - 15 Philippines 

Fusarium sol ani 15 Ph-ilippines 

Pol y sc i as nodosa Seem, 

Chaetomi urn sp, 2 Philippi .ses 

Cl adosgori urn sp, 2 PhjIjppines 

Fusarium moni l i fsrme 2 Phil ippines 

Fusarium semitectum 2 Phi 1 ippines 

Phorna sp. 2 Philip-- 

pi rles 

Popul us t remul oi des Mi c kx , -- 

Necrotic 1 eaf spot 

vi rus 16 ' Canada 

Prosopis - juliflcra (Sw.) DC. 

16 

Apricot gummosir a~ ""ids 16 

Sherry leaf roll 

vs" rds 16 

Cherry necrotic 

rusty mottle virus 16 

Prune dwarf virus 16 

F)se~:Tjori~na"i%syri -- ngae 16 

Vi rcs 16 

17 

USA 

USA 

East 

Germany 

West 

Germany, 

USA 

Uest 

Ge rnra ny 

United 

Ki ngdsm 

tlSA, East 

Ge rmany* 

USA 

Bud failure 9-6 USA 

Gnomoni a 

cs reurnscissa 16 Italy 

Prunus ~ecrotic ring 

spot v-i ?US 16 USA 

Fusari urn euui set1 13 Chile* 

Fusari urn mini I i fcrrne 13 Chi le* 

senitectum 13 Chi 7e* v rnenzi esi i (Mi rb ,) Franco 

Fusari um sol ani 13 Chile* 

Prosopi s tamarugo Phi 1 

Fusari urn 13 Chile 

Fusarium semitectum $3 Chile 

USA? 

USA 

USA 

USA 

USA 

USA 

England 

( Lamdon) 
Host and Reference 

organism No, Country 

Host and Reference 

organism fVo. Country 

Pterocarpus i ndicus Wi 1 id, 

Chaetomi urn sp. 2 Philippines 

Cl adospori urn 

cladosporoides 2 Philippines 

Col letotrichum 

gloeosporioides 13 Philippines 

Fusari urn rnoni 1 i for~ne 2 Phi 1 i ppines 

Fusari urn semi tectum 2 Phi 1 i ppines 

Fusariurn solani 2 Philippines 

Mac rophomi na 

phaseolina 2 Philippines 

Ni grospora sp. 13 Philippines 

Pestalotia sp. 2 Philippines 

Phorna sp. 2 Philippines 

Phornopsi s spp. 2 Philippines 

Verticilliurn sp. 13 Philippines 

Pteros~ermum aceri fa1 i urn Wi 11 d. 

Fusari urn moni 1 i forme 13 Indi a 

Fusari um ox.ysporurn 13 India 

Fusari urn sol ani 13 India 

Pestalotia sp. 13 India 

Phoma sp. 13 Irldia 

Punica granaturn L. 

Coniel la granati 17 USA 

Pyrus spp. 

Quercus spp. 

Ci bori a batschi ana 17 France* 

Pestalbtiopsis spp. 16 Scotland 

Quercus - alba L. 

Fusarium solani 25 USA 

Epecoccurn 

purpurascens 25 USA 

Quercus falcata Michx, 

Fusari urn sol ani 25 USA 

Epecoccurn 

purpurascens 25 USA 

Quercus nigra L. 

Fusari urn sol ani 25 USA 

Epecoccum 

purpurascens 25 USA 

Quercus phel 1 os L. 

Fusari urn sol ani 25 USA 

Epecoccurn 

purpurascens 25 USA 

Quercus rubra L. 

Ci boria batsehi ana 7 France*t 

Di scal a umbri nel 1 a 7 France 

Rohi ni a L . Gui gnardi a robi ni ae 16 Japan* 

Pear bark measles 

vi rus 16 USAS 

Tobacco mosaic virus 16 

Truncate1 1 a 

1 aurocerasi 16 Romania 
Host and Reference 

organi sm No. Country 

Host and Reference 

organi sm No. Country 

Saanea saman Merr. Swietenia ~acrophylla King, 

ffavus 15 Phitippines 

Aspergi i l us ni ger 15 Phi l i ppines 

Penicil lium sp. 15 Philippines 

Botcyodi~f odia 

PhilipChaetomi urn sp, 

Cl adospori urn sp. ---- 

--- 

Curvul aria 1 unaea --- 

p-i nes 

Phil fppines 

Philippi nes 

Phil ipSambuc us spp , pines 

Phi l ipCherry leaf roll 

virus 16 East 

Ge rma ny 

Tomato ring spot 

virus 16 USA 

i nes 

Mac rsphomi na 

phdseol ina ----- 

Ni grospsra ---- 

India 

Phi l ip- 

~ines 

Phil ippines 

Phil ippines 

Pestalotia sp, 

Serialbizia acle Kosterm. 

Aspergi 11 us -- f 1 avus 15 Phi 1 i ppines 

Chaetomi um sp. 15 Phi Sippines 

Penicillium sp. 15 Philippines 

Tabebuia heptaphyl la Ve7 1. 

phaseol i na 13 Brazil 

Sesbani a grandi f 1 ora Pers . Taxodi um muc ronatum Ten. 

Aspergi 1 l us spp. 15 Philippines 

Col letotrichum 

Fusarium semitectum 13 India 

Fusari urn sol ani 13 India 

Pestalotia sp. 13 India 

caps i c i 16 India Phoma sp. 13 India 

- Sesbania sesban Merr. 

Fusarium semitectum 13 Rwanda* 

Phoma sp, 13 Rwanda 

Aspergi 17 us spp, 21 

A1 ternaria spp. 21 

Botryodi pl odi a spp . 21 

P 

Bstryedipl odia 

theobromae 13 

Ceahal os~ori urn so, 13 

India 

India 

India 

India 

India 

India 

India 

Inbi a 

~ekcos~oka spp. ' 21 

Chaetomium spp, 21 . . 

Gurvul ari a spp , 2% 

Fusari urn spp, 21 

Fusarium cuf msrum 13 

Fusarium 13 
Host arid Reference 

organism No, Country 

Host and Reference 

osgani sm NO. Country 

(con ' t) 

Fusarium moni l i Forme 13 

Fusarium oxysporum 13 

Fusarium semitectum 13 

Fusari urn sol ani P 3 

Fusicoccum spp, 21 

Gonatobotryum spp, 21 

-- Hansfsrdia spp, %I 

Mumieol a spp , 21 

~ac rophTmi na 5.3 

- Memnoni el 1 a spp. --- 21 

Msnoci 1 Y i urn spp, --- 21 

Wucsr spp, -- - - 21 

Myrsthecium spa -.- 13 

Oedocephai urn spp , 21. 

Paeci 1 s~n,vces spp , 21 

Penici 1 lium spp, 21. 

Periconia spp, 2% 

Pestaf otia spp, 21 

Phama sp, 13 

Phomo~si s SD, 13 

- - 

Thai 1 and, 

India* 

Thai land, 

India* 

Phi lippines 

India 

India 

India 

India 

India 

India 

India 

India 

Tndl" a 

India 

India 

lnd-i"a 

India 

India 

India 

~richothe;ium spp. 21 India 

Verticillium sp, 13 

Terminalia nyriocarpa Heurck & 

Muel 1 , -Arg . 

Pheobrsma cacao L, ---- -- 

16 Africa, 

Trinidad, 

Dsmfnican 

Republ icic 

16 Romania 

Theohroma cacao (con ' t) 

Hollow heart 16 Venezuef a 

Moni l ia roreri 16 tPhytophthora sp, 16 

Phytophthora 

galmi vora 16 Nigeria5 

-- 

Thuja spp, 

Pestaf otia sp. ----- 16 Spain* 

Tilia americana L, -- - - - --- 

Triplaris cumingiana Fisch. & Mey. ex 

C, A, Mey, 

Aspergillus niger 

Botryodipl odia 

t heohromae 

Cl adospori urn 

c 1 adosporoi des 

Curvul aria 1 unata 

Fusari urn - moni 1 i forme 

Fusarium semi tectum --- - 

--- Fusari urn -- sol ani 

---- Macrophoma phaseoli 

Penicillium sp. -- 

Pestal oti a spa 

Pkl'lippines 

Philippi nes 

Phi 1 i ppines 

Philjppines 

Phi 1 i ppines 

Phi 1 i ppines 

Phils'ppines 

Phi l i ppines 

Ph-ilippines 

Phl'S i ppi nes 

Phi 1 i ppines 

heterophyl 1 a (Raf .) Sarg. 

Vertici 11 ium spp. 16 England 
Host and Reference 

organi sm No. Country 

Ulmus spp, 

Cherry leaf roll 

vi rus 16 USA 

Elm mottle virus 16 IJniteil 

Ki ngdorrr 

- Gl oeospori urn 

ulmicola 16 Romania* -- - 

Rhizoctonia s o l a n i 16 Denmark -- -- - -- 

-- Ulmus davidi ana Pl anch, -- ---- 

Fusarium moni 1 i forme 13 South - -- Korea 

Fusari um sol ani 13 South 

Korea 

Pestalotia sp. 13 South 

Korea 

-- Phoma sp, 13 South 

Korea 

Vitex parvi flora Juss. -- 

Aspergi 11 us spp. 2 Philippines 

Penicillium spp. 2 Philippi nes 

Wallaceodendron -- celibcum Koord, 

--- Fusarium w. 

seqitectum 15 Phi 1 ippines 

Fusari um sol ani --- -- -- 15 Philippi nes 
REFEQENCES FOR CHECKLIST 

1, Af Fe1Li-angesr9 Charles E, iiSfiA Sratiarn, J,tf,; I-inrternlan, R,G, 

Forest Service, A1 cxandri a, La. Pathogenic seedhorqp Fusariul - - - - - - - - 

Personal communicadio~, letter oxysyort~v! - - - - - - -- - froin 90:sgjas-fi~. , pldr;t 

dated Rec, 14, 1984, D~seas~ 67:123-375; 2383, 

2. Aymata, Antavi2 L, Seedhove 

~rganf sms in some forest Lrez 

seeds in the Philippines: a 

preliv~inary survey. Sylsiatrop 

Philippines Forest Resl2arch 

Joilrndf 4(4) :?l.?-222; 1371, 

3, Anderson, 2,L, New rtetood f~r 

assessi~g contami~atian of shs: 

and 7ob7~71y phne wpds by 

- Fusarium monflSf%rme va?. --...--- -- ----- 

- rubgl !~ti wns. PI dnt Si ~ease - ---- --- 70~452-453: 1986, 

Anderso~, Rohert L,; Yistretta, pad 

4,: Yiller, Thoqas [avd ~thsr.slilecrlrrence of seed f~ricj-r" Ti-oil 37 

lob101 ly seedlots co1Pected iq 19 

seed orchards, Pep, 93-1-15, 

Asheville, P4C: U,%, 9spartvent of 

Agricuf ture, For~st Service, 

Forest Pest Yanagenent: 1Qg3, 

8 pp, 

seedl ings dt the ~oet-j: dg4lene 

Ni~rsery, Idahoe 9ep- SS-13, UeSe 

nepartment of Kg~i~ulture, Forest 

Yervice, Forest "est Ffana9e~nent ; 

1983, 9pp, 

James, R,L,; Genz, aaryl, Evall~ation of fdngal popul3tions on 

ponder3sa pine seed* 9ep- 32-22, 

C,S, Oepart-irent of 9qricu3 ture, 

Forest Service, hwest Pest 

Management: 1982, 31 pp, 

1 1, James, ,L, ; Genz , Oary 1 , Ponderosa 

pi~e seed tredtvents, effects on 

see4 geri*ri nation, and disr"as~1 

i xidense, Rep* 81-16, Mi ssouls, 

T: iLS, iPepar"t~nt /s" Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Pe5t 

Management, Pjorthern Region ; 1981, 

13 PP5, Chee, K,H, Micro-oryanisns dssoci - 12, Yasoq, G,k: Van Arsdel, E,P, 

ated with rubber, Kuala Lumpur: Fungi associatad with Pinus taeda 

Rubber Research Iustitute of seed dew1 oprnent . PI ah? OTs6ase - 

Yafdysia; 1976, 5 pp, Reporter 62( 10) :864-867 : 1935, 

6, C~oSey, S, Seed a~d soil treatments 

to reduce seed decdy and fgsariun 

root rot sf sugar pioe, Portland, 

OR: U,S, Oepartment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Pest 

hlanagerrienl ?@.port, Paci f .i c Northwest 2egisn: 1383, R pp, 

acorn trsat~eot in a kng-tern 

sl~rage prosppct, "roeeedings: 

%(iFZl"i -i" qternati snal symposi lam on 

forest tree seed starags, PYFX 

Ontario, Canada, kpt, 23-27, 

1980: 136-133, 

13, Vathur, %,8, Fungi recorded ir7 

seeds ~f forest tree species at 

the Dans5h Government Institute of 

Seed Path01 ogy , Copenhagen : 

Institute of Seed Pathology; 1983, 

12 pp* 

14, Mi lfer, Thomas; 3rrai~let-t~ ;f,L 

Danaage to i"~pb"odt~"E ve S~;"IBC~~ROP""~

ohsfash pjne by two seedhorne 

palhoge~s: Dipiodja ~ssypiw and -------- 3 -------- 

Fdsari moni l i forme var, -- ----- ------ 

subgiTt?-i"tans. In : !3onnc?r, Fra" ----- -- ed, Proceedings, Flowering and 

seed develspqent in trees: 3 

syrnpssii~m; 1978 :4ay; Yi ssissi ppi 

State, MS, Wew Orleans, LA: LSr3epartmen-t: of Agrictlitlire, Forest 

Service, Soqthern Fqre5t Experi - 

nent Station ; 1979: 347-355, 
"- 0 Ln, jrji 2; ones, Sebastiaicr S, [Jnnaambei-ed 

2epnrt ~f Dhi 1 i ppS nes Farest 

Sesearch !nstitute Coil ege, iaguma 

372'!, Phi iippines. 1985'. 6 pp. 

16, Richardson, Y,,!, An annotated 1i"st 

sf seed5or~e diseases, 34 ed, 

Zurich, 5w+Lzerland: iqter~ationaf 

Seed Testing Associ axion; 1979, 

32CJ ppm 

47, Richardson, MA Supplement 1 to aq 

annotated 1 ist of seedborne 

diseascsi, 3d ed, Zurich, 

Swftzerland: International Seed 

Testing Association; 1981. 77 pp. 

1U, Richardsora, Meti, Supplement 2 to an 

annotated list of seedborne 

diseases, 36 ed, Zurich, 

Switzerland: international Seed 

Testi og Associ at i on ; 1383, 

108 pp, 

13, Romero, Graci el a, Yontevi deo, 

Uruguay, Universidad de 71 

Republics, Fac~ltad De Agronnnia, 

Personal comm~nicatiow, letter 

dated Feb, 7, 1985, 

20, Schuhert, S,H, Fungi associated 

with v-iabitity 'iosses of srlgapine seed stcragom Proceedings of 

the Society of American Foresters ; 

%960:18-21, 

22, Singh, K.G, Exotic plant quarantine 

pests and procedures for introduction of plant materials. Serdang, 

Malaysia: ASEAN Plnnt Quarantine 

Centre and Training Institute; 

1980, 21, pp. 

23, Turnw, P,D, Oi 7 palm d-iseases and 

disorders. Kuala bunpur, 

Malaysia: f ncurpordted Society of 

Pianters; 1381. 40 pp. 

24, Urosevic, 8, The influence of 

saprophytic and semi -parasitic 

fungi on the ge~mination of Norway 

spruce and Pco"C ppine seeds. 

Proceedi ?gs, internat ionaf Seed 

Testing 4ssoei?ti~n 26(3):537-555; 

1961, 

25. Vorro, M-in A. Insects and fungi 

associated with acorns of Quorcus 

- - - - - --- sp, in: Yates, Yarry O,, 111, 

corn?, and ed, Proceedings of the 

cow and seed insects working 

party conference, work? ng pdrty 

S2.07-01; IIIFKO; July 31-August 6, 

1983; Athens, GA, Asheville, VC: 

1J.S- Department of Agriculture, 

Forest Service, Southeastern 

Forest Experjment Station : 

1984: 40-43, 

%I, Sbarma, 3,Y, Kerala Forest Research 

Institute, Division of Forest 

Pathsfoqy, Peechi 680 653, Yerala, 

India, Pers~nal communication, 

letter dated March 1985, 
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FUNGI IN THE 498% REPORT 

Identifying micro-organisms requires establishing the correct taxonomy. 

Often there are errors in spelljng, incorrect author attributions, or 

established name changes that are ~ot reflected in some studies. This listing 

gives species names and authors thst follow the most recent taxonomfc 

information, hence may vary sl ighr:ly from that given in the reference source. 

Page numbers fof lowing the entries refer to the chocklist. 

Acremoniel la -- atra (Corda) Sacc,, 18, 22 

Acrospeira spp,, 23 

Acrostal agmus cinnabarinus Corda, 18, 22 

- ~cti nonvcetes ~DD., 9 

~~robacteri~ tbmefaciens (E. F. Smith R 

Town.) COG., 24 

Alternaria spp,, 12, 13, 20, 23, 26 

A1 ternaria a1 ternata (Fr,) Keissler, 21 

brassicae (Berk.) Sacc,, 18, 

22 

A1 ternaria wucis Moesz, 15 

Alternaria tenuis (Fr,) Keissler, 7, 10, 

Aspergillus flavus kink ex Fr,, 5, 7, 8, 

9, 10, 15, 17, 18, 19, 24, 26, 27 

v, Tiegh,, 5, 8, 9, 

10, 18, 19, 70, 22, 26, 27 

Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlburg) Cahn, IS, 

22 

Asteromel l a spp, , 23 

Aureobasidium pullulans fd By.) Arn., 21 

~oti~odi~ibdia spp., 6, 8, 9, 13, 14 

15, 19, 20, 26 

- Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat., 5, 6, 8, 

18, il, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 26, 27 

Botrytis all ii Nunn, $8, 22 

Bstrytis cinerea Pers,, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 

15, 18, 19, 21, 22 

-- Caicscypha fulyens (Pers.) Boud., 11, 18 

Candida spp,, 23 

Cephalsspori urn acermoni urn Corda, 38, 22 

subverticillatum Schulz, 

R Sacc., 18, 22 

Ceratocysti s fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt, 10 

-- Cercsspora spp., 26 

- Chaetsmium spp., 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 

16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26 

CL 

--- Chaetophoma spp., 23 

Ghf amydomyces spp., 23 

(Maul) Whetz., 7 

(Zopf) Buchw,, 10, 

-- r,) White, 9 

Ci boria caruncul oides (Sieqfer & 

~enkin3 Whetz. R Woif, i7 

Cl adosporium cl adosporoides (Fres.) 

deVries, 5, 9, 10, 12, 17, 20, 24, 25, 

27 

Cl adospori urn cucumerinum Ei 9. & Hal st, 

3 1 L. A 

Cl adosposium effusum (Mint.) Bemaree, 9 

CI adosbori um epi phyl 1 ;m(~ers .) Mart., 

18, 22 

Cl adospori urn herbarum (Pers,) Link, 18, 

33 LL 

Cl adospori um naumovi Krany, 18, 22 

Cl adospori um sphaerospenum Penz. , 18, 22 

Colletotrichum spp., 6, 10, 13 

Col letotrichnm capsici (Syd,) But1 . R 

Bisby, 26 

Col letotrichu ides (Stonem, f 

Coniella granati (Sacc.) Petrak R Syd., 

aG 

Coniothi rium quercinum (Ban.) Sacc., 18, 

22 

Crinipeilis pernicicsa (Stahel) Singer, 

27 

,Cryptospora 1 ongi spora Servazmi , 8 

~rytodiapo?;the casiaenea (Tul.) Wehm., 

10 

CurvuSaria spp,, 13, 20, 23, 26 

Curvularia brachysyora Boed., 10 

Cusvularia inaqualis Boed,, 18, 22 
Curvul aria 1 unata (Nel son) Haasi s , 5, 

10, 17, 26, 27 

Curvul aria Boed. , 5, 10 

Cyf indroca ola No1 lenw., 18, 

22 

Cyf indrocladium spp., 20 

Dendrophoma spp., 12, 23 

tracheiphila Petri, 11 

Di~lodia SDD.. 23 I, - 

~iblodia gossypina Garren & Higgins, 20 

Di~lodia palmicola (Fr.) Thum., 11 

Macrophbma sapinea); 19, 21; 23 

Discala umbrinella Kab., 25 

Discocia spp., 14 

Dothiorella SDD.. 8. 10. 15 ., - 

DrechslerFspp.. 13, 15; 20 

-- Drechsf era bicol or (Mi tra) Subram. R 

Jain, 19 

-- Drechslera maydis (Ni si kado) Subram. 4 

Jain, 20 

Drechsl era rostrata (Drechsl .) 

Richardson & Fraser, 11 

Drechsl era sorokiniana -(Ito & Kuribay.) 

9 8 

Drechsl era tetramera (Drechsl.) Subram. 

& Jain, 16 

EndoLhia parasitica (Murr.) P. J, R Ha 

We Anderson, 10 

Epicoccum nigrurn Ehrenb., 23 

Epicoccum purpurascens Ehrenb., 25 

Erwinia spp., 15 

Erysiphe spp., 23 

Fusarium spp,, 8, 9, 13, 21, 26 

Fusarium arthrosporioides Sherb., 18, 22 

culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., 5, 

18, 22, 26 

Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc., 6, 7, 

9, 9, 12, 13, 14, 20, 22, 24, 26 

Fusari urn heterosporum Nees , 18, 22 

Fusarium lateritium Nees. 18. 22 

Fusarium moniliforme Sheid.,#5, 6, 7, 8, 

9, 0 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 

19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28 

Fusarium monil iforme Sheld. var. 

subglutinans Wollenw. & Reinke, 20, 23 

Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., 17, 18, 

19, 28, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, ?7 

Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. ex Fr, fa 

SD. elaeidis. 12 

Fuserium oxysp~rum Schlecht. ex Fr. f, 

SP. k oae Gardner, 5 

Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. ex Fr, fa 

SD. ~erniciosum. 7 

Fusiri;m redolens *~ol lenw., 18, 22 

Tusarium ~Schw.) Petch, 20, 23 

Fusarium sarcochrum (~esm.) ~acc., 18, 

77 

Fusarium semitectum Berk. R Rav., 5, 6, 

7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 

Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., 7, 8, 9, 

10, 11,=3, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 

21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 

Fusarium s~orotrichioides Sherb.. 18. 22 

Fusarium tkicinctum (Corda) Sacc:, 2i 

Fusicoccum spp., 13, 27 

Genicul odendron pyri form Salt , 18 

Geotrichum spp,, 23 

Gi lrnaniel la spp., 23 

-- Gl iocephal ot richum spp., 13 

Gliocladium SDD.. 20. 21. 23 ,I . Gliocladium roseum (iinkj Bain, 18, 22 

Gloesporium SDD., 16 '- .. - Gloeosporium acericola Allesch., 6 -- - -- 

t;loeosporium ulmicola Miles, 28 

-~l omerell a c i n g u l a t a (Ston.) Spauld. & --- 

Schrenk, 16, 27 

Gnomonia ci rcumscissa McAl p., 24 

Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) & de Not., 15 

Gonatobotrvs SPD., .. - 23 

~onatobotryum spp., 23, 27 

Guignardia robiniae Ito & Kobayashi, 25 

Hansfordia SPP,, 23. 27 

~a~al ophragrniop;i s ponderosum (Syd. & 

Butl.) Thirum., 5 

Helminthosporium SPD.. 23 .. - ~elminthos~orium rostratqrn Drech., 18, 

22 

Helminthosporium sativum Pam, Kiny & 

Bakke, 18, 22 

Heterobasidion annosum (Fr,) Rref., 5 

Humi col a SDP.. 23. 27 3% - Hyal odendron spp. , 23 

Iodophanus carneus (Pers. ex Fr .) Korf, 

11 

Isaria spp., 23 
rarninicol a Pers., 31 ::;:1 biZF+rti g) Darker, 5 

Lophoderml um pl nast r i (Schrader ex Fr . ) 

Cheval ier , 19 

~acrobhoma cbfyi ina (Thum.) Berl . & 

Voql., 12 

~acro~homa fraxini Del acr., 14 

Hacrophoma phase01 i (Maubl .) Ashby, 10, 

37 

Pseudomonas syringe van Hal 1 , 24 

Pucciniastrum areolatum (Fr.) Otth, 18 

Pullularia sppx 18, 23 

Pyrenochaeta spp., 22 

Pyronma omphalodes (Bull. ex St. hans) 

Fuckel, 19 

Pythi um aphanidermatum (Edi son) 

F i t z p a t r i c k , 22 

Rhadi naphel enchus cocophi 1 us (Cobb) 

Goodey, 11 

Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn, 14, 16, 17, 28 

Rhizopus spp., 5, 9, 13, 20, 23, 24 

Rhizo~us arrhizus Fisher. 18. 22, 23 

~i~idb~orus zonalis (~erk.) imaziki, 11 

Schizophyllum commune Fr, ex Fr., 12, 24 

Sclerotinia laxa Aderh, & Ruhl ., 12 

Sclerotinia shiraiana P. Henn., 17 

Sclerotium spp., 5 

Septoria spp., 6, 17 

Si rococcus -- st robi 1 i nus Preuss , 18 

Sphaeronaema spp. , 23 

- Spiroplasmacitri Saglio, 11 li--- Spondyl -- ocl ad I um spp. , 23 

Sporothrix spp., 23, 27 

Sporotrichum spp., 23 

Stachybotrys spp., 13 

Staphyl otrichum spp., 23 

Stemphylium atrum (Preuss) Lindau, 18, 

23 

botryosum (Pers. ex Fr,) 

Rabenh, 10 

Stemphylium ilicis Tengwall, 18, 23 

piriforme Bon., 18, 23 

radicinum ~%ier, Drechsl . At 

Eddy, 20 

Syncephal astrum spp., 27 

Syncephal ast rum racemosum (Cohn) 

Schroet,, 23 

Paphrina a1 ni-incande (Kuehn) Magn. , 7 

Tetracsccospori um spp, , 23 

Ihielavia spp., 9 

lorul a spp,, 23, 27 

Tarul a convoluta Harz, 18, 23 

Trichaegum spp., 23 

Trichoderma spp., 23 

Trichoderma lignorum (Tode) Harz, 19, ?3 

Trichoderma -- viride Preuss, 13, 20, 22, 

24 

Prichothecium spp,, 23, 27 

~richotheciu% roseum Link, 10, 20, 22, 

23 

- Tritirachium spp., 23 - -- 

Truncatella hartigii (Tub.) Stey., 5, 17 -- 

Truncate1 1 a 1 aurocerasi (West ,) Stey., 

illocladium spp,, 22 

-- Urnbelopsis spp,, 23 

Verticillium spp,, 6, 8, 13, 14, 18, 19, 

20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27 

Verticil l ium a1 bo-atrum Reinke & Berth,, 

Xanthomonas citri (Hasse) Dows., 11 

Xanthomonas juylandi s (Pierce) Dows., 15 
Other Damage fypes in the 1985 Report 

Apricot gummosis virus, 24 

Bacteria (unidenti fied) , 21 

Bud failure, 24 

Cacao swollen shoot virus, 27 

Cherry leaf roll virus, 9, 15, 24, 26, 

28 

Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus, 24 

Citrus exocortis virus, fl 

Citrus ps~rssis virus, II 

Citrus wod pocket virus, iI 

Citrus xyloporosis virus, If 

Citrus yellow shoot vjrus, 11 

Elm mottle vi rus, 28 

Euonymus mosaic virus, 14 

Mecrotic leaf spot virus, 24 

Pear bark measles virus, 25 

Prune dwarf virus, 24 

Prunus necrotic ring spot virus, 24 

Raspberry bush dwarf virus, 16 

Root wi l t pathogen, 11 

Stem pitting virus, 16 

Sunbl otch virus, 17 

Tobacco mosaic virus, 16, 25 

Tomato bush stunt virus, 16 

Tomato ring spot virus, 26 

Virus, 14, 16, 24 

Hollow heart, 27 Yeast, 22 



The Fore\t Serb ice, &I S Depanmsnt of 4gr1cen$ruse, 1s dedncared 80 the pr~nc~ple of wmull~pHe 

t~<e management of the Natlon'\ 

foreht rewamrce\ for \uaeraaned 

y seld\ of wood, ?~~,/;iter forage. 

K sldi~fe, and recre,ittc~n Through 

forett r? rebedrc h. cooperatlb'hn 

with the St&tc\ ,rnd prihite fijre~i 

owner\, and management of the 

SLsraarnal Frsse\t\ and h,it lcm;il 

Cii"a\taBiand\, st \tn%es----d\ derec tcd by Ccdngre\+--tca proi. sde 

in~~~ii\ll"rgiy gre,a%es .-en tie tca 

grow nng Katlon 

cSI>r"a poiicy doe\ not permit d8\cnmrn;i6ic1n beck(hl\e Of 

race, c~~lor, wativna! ongin, \ex or religion. Any penon 

who belaece.~ he or \he h,r\ been d1\crarnanated againbt in 

;ink USDA-related acrlvrsy \houId wnte ~mmediately to 

the Secretary of Agncukure, Wa\hlngton, D.C' 28250.