United States Court of Appeals,

Fifth Circuit.

No. 92-9521

Summary Calendar.

Joyce Smith GREEN, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

TOURO INFIRMARY, et al., Defendants,

Touro Infirmary, Defendant-Appellee.

June 4, 1993.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.

Before JOLLY, DUHÉ, and BARKSDALE, Circuit Judges.

E. GRADY JOLLY, Circuit Judge:

Inthis case,severalplaintiffsbroughtsuit undertheEmergencyMedicalTreatment andActive

Labor Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1395dd, alleging that a hospital failed to stabilize an individual's emergency

medical condition before discharging her. The hospital presented sufficient summary judgment

evidence that it had stabilized the individual's medical condition. The plaintiffs, however, chose not

to offer any evidence contradicting the hospital's contention that it had fulfilled its obligations under

the statute. The district court granted the hospital's motion for summary judgment, and we now

affirm.

I

On April 6, 1990, at approximately 4:00 p.m., Christeen Robertson went to the Touro

Infirmary ("Touro") emergency room complaining of swelling in her extremities, pain in her right

shoulder, dizziness, headaches, and numbnessin her right hand. The emergency room staff took her

vitalsigns. All were within normal limits except for her blood pressure, which was slightly elevated.

The emergency roomstaff also took her medical history and learned that Robertson had spent the last

three days at Charity Hospital in New Orleans. Robertson had left Charity Hospital without waiting

for her test results. Touro's staff contacted Charity Hospital and obtained Robertson's test results.
 

1Dr. Levy's letter stated only that

it would have been appropriate [for Touro] to repeat her [Robertson's] renal

function tests. In situations like this, renal function can deteriorate rapidly, over a

mater of days, although such deterioration of function would be unusual.

In the emergency room, both Dr. Harry Hersey and Dr. Edward Dees examined Robertson.

Ultimately, Dr. Jairo Barona was her treating physician. Touro's medical records indicate that Dr.

Barona concluded that Robertson was "having acute nephrotic syndrome and needsto be admitted."

Dr. Barona told Robertson "to go to the Charity Hospital due to her insurance status for evaluation

and admission." Touro's medical staff treated Robertson in the emergency room and followed her

condition for approximately seven hours. The hospital discharged Robertson at about 11 p.m. At

that time, Robertson's vitalsigns were stable, she was not in acute distress, and she was ambulatory.

Touro'sstaff instructed her to go to CharityHospital assoon as possible. Later Robertson died. She

was survived by her children Joyce Smith Green, Michael Smith, Eric Robertson, Felita Robertson

and her husband Charles Robertson, Jr.

II

Robertson's surviving spouse and children brought this suit against Touro for an alleged

violation of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1395dd

("EMTALA"). Touro moved for summary judgment arguing that there was no evidence supporting

the plaintiffs' allegation that Touro violated EMTALA. Touro argued that it had not violated the act

because when it discharged Robertson her vitalsigns were normal, she was ambulatory, and she was

in a stable condition. In support of its motion for summary judgment, Touro submitted its medical

records and affidavits from Dr. Barona and Dr. Dees. Both Dr. Barona and Dr. Dees agreed that

Touro's staff had stabilized Robertson and that her condition was not life threatening when Touro

discharged her.

Although this case has been pending since 1990, the plaintiffs have undertaken virtually no

discovery and they have not produced a medical expert. The plaintiffs did not submit any competent

evidence to rebut Touro's contention that it had complied with the statute. The only evidence the

plaintiffs presented was a letter from Dr. Lawrence Levy.1 The district court determined that Dr.
Dr. Levy's letter is remarkable for what is does not contain. No where in it does Dr. Levy

suggest that Touro's staff failed to stabilize Robertson's condition before discharging her. 

Levy's letter was not competent summary judgment evidence because it was not submitted through

an affidavit. Finding that the plaintiffs had failed to rebut Touro's evidence that it had stabilized

Robertson's condition as required by EMTALA, the district court granted Touro's motion. The

plaintiffs appeal.

III

On appeal from a district court's summary judgment, we review the record de novo to

ascertain whether any genuine issues exist asto any materialfact. If the record is devoid of a genuine

issue of material fact, we review the evidence to determine whether the moving party was entitled to

a judgment as a matter of law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); FDIC v. Myers, 955 F.2d 348, 349 (5th

Cir.1992). Once a motion for summary judgment has been made and adequately supported, the

non-movant cannot rest on the pleadings. The non-movant "must bring forth significant probative

evidence to prevent summary judgment." Stine v. Marathon Oil Co., 976 F.2d 254, 265 (5th

Cir.1992) (citing Union Planters Nat'l Leasing Inc. v. Woods, 687 F.2d 117 (5th Cir.1982)).

The plaintiffs contend that they have a cause of action against Touro under EMTALA

because 1) Touro failed to perform appropriate tests to determine whether Robertson's renal failure

presented an emergency condition, 2) Touro failed to stabilize Robertson's renal condition before

discharging her, and 3) Touro failed to transfer Robertson to another medical facility. The plaintiffs'

arguments fail. As we explain below, the only evidence in the record leads to the inescapable

inference that Touro's staff had stabilized Robertson's condition before discharging her. EMTALA

requires only that a hospitalstabilize an individual's emergencymedical condition; it does not require

a hospital to cure the condition.

EMTALA strictly sets out a hospital's responsibilities toward individuals who enter their

emergency rooms requesting care. The statute provides that when such a person requests medical

attention, the hospital must first screen the individual "to determine whether an emergency medical
 

2EMTALA defines an emergency medical condition as

a medical condition manifesting itself by acute symptoms of sufficient severity

(including severe pain) such that the absence of immediate medical attention could

reasonably be expected to result in

(i) placing the health of the individual (or, with respect to a pregnant

woman, the health of the woman or the child) in serious jeopardy,

(ii) serious impairment of bodily functions, or

(iii) serious dysfunction of any bodily organ or part.

42 U.S.C. § 1395dd(e)(1). 

 

3The district court assumed, without deciding, that Robertson suffered from an emergency

medical condition. 

condition (within the meaning of subsection (e)(1) of this section) exists." 42 U.S.C. § 1395dd(a).2

If the individual suffers from an emergency conditions the hospital must provide either:

(A) with the staff and facilities available at the hospital, for such further medical examination

and such treatment as may be required to stabilize the medical condition, or

(B) for transfer of the individual to another medicalfacility in accordance with subsection (c)

of this section.

42 U.S.C. § 1395dd(b)(1) (emphasis added).3 Under EMTALA an emergency medical condition is

"stabilized" if "no material deterioration of the condition is likely, within reasonable medical

probability, to result from or occur during the transfer of the individual from a facility." 42 U.S.C.

§ 1395dd(e)(3)(B). Transfer "means the movement (including the discharge) of an individual outside

a hospital's facilities at the direction of any person employed by (or affiliated or associated, directly

or indirectly, with) the hospital." 42 U.S.C. § 1395dd(e)(4). The hospital's responsibility under the

statute ends when it has stabilized the individual's medical condition. See Brooker v. Desert Hosp.

Corp., 947 F.2d 412, 415 (9th Cir.1991).

The district court found that Touro met its obligations under the statute when it stabilized

Robertson's condition. The district court based this conclusion on Touro's medical records and the

affidavitsfromDr. Dees and Dr. Barona. Dr. Dees states in his affidavit that he "treated and followed

Christeen Robertson for approximately four hours prior to her discharge and that she was stable and

able to be discharged home at approximately 23:00." Dr. Dees goes on to say that Robertson was
"ambulatory[,] with no acute distress[,] and with stable vital signs." Dr. Barona states that he "was

aware of her [Robertson's] condition[,] which was not life threatening[,] and of her need for further

evaluation and treatment of nephritis and hypertension," and that "he recommended follow-up

treatment at Charity Hospital New Orleans." This evidence leads to the inescapable inference that

Robertson was in a stable condition when Touro discharged her and, thus, Touro adequately

supported its motion for summary judgment. Since the plaintiffs failed to present any evidence to

contradict Touro's evidence, it was appropriate for the district court to grant Touro's motion for

summary judgment.

IV

For all of the foregoing reasons, the decision of the district court is AFFIRMED.

AFFIRMED.