IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Jian Li, :

Petitioner :

:

v. : No. 1332 C.D. 2017

: ARGUED: June 6, 2018

Workers’ Compensation Appeal :

Board (New Li Nail Spa, Inc.), :

Respondent :

BEFORE: HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge

HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge

HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge 

HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge

HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge

HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge

HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION 

BY JUDGE CEISLER FILED: October 17, 2018

Mr. Jian Li (Claimant) petitions for review of the August 24, 2017 Order of 

the Workers’ Compensation (WC) Appeal Board (Board), which reversed the 

Workers’ Compensation Judge’s (WCJ) Decision and Order and denied Claimant’s 

petition for workers’ compensation benefits under the Pennsylvania Workers’ 

Compensation Act (WC Act)1for injuries sustained while Ms. Giuying Hao, the 

owner, sole manager and president of New Li Nail Spa, Inc. (Employer) was driving 

Claimant to work. The issues before this Court are whether the Board erred in 

concluding that the Ridesharing Arrangements Act (Ridesharing Act)2 precluded 

 

1 Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§ 1-1041.4, 2501-2708.

2 Act of December 14, 1982, P.L. 1211, as amended, 55 P.S. §§ 695.1-695.9. In 2015, 

Section 1 of the Ridesharing Act was repealed, and other sections were amended by the Act of 
2

Claimant from recovering WC benefits and, if not, whether Claimant was acting in 

the course and scope of his employment when he was injured. For the reasons that 

follow, we affirm the Board.

I. BACKGROUND

Claimant worked as a manicurist for Employer. Employer provided lodging 

for its employees in a residence located approximately fifteen minutes away from 

the salon. Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 8a, 10a, 38a. Employer also provided 

employees daily transportation to and from work in a van titled in Ms. Hao’s name. 

R.R. at 46a-49a, 52a-53a, 58a. 

On the morning of December 15, 2013, Ms. Hao was driving Claimant and 

other employees3to work in her van when the van was in an accident. Claimant 

suffered a left femur fracture and lumbar vertebral fracture as a result of this 

accident. R.R. at 5a.

On October 2, 2014, Claimant filed a WC Claim Petition, alleging that he 

sustained these injuries during the course and scope of his employment. R.R. at 166a. 

Employer filed an Answer, asserting that Claimant was barred from recovery under

the Ridesharing Act. R.R. at 166a. 

 

July 10, 2015, P.L. 130. At the time of Claimant’s injury, the 1982 version of the Ridesharing Act 

was in effect, so we will apply that version of the statute herein. 

3 Claimant and Mr. Xiao Q. Zhou both worked for Employer as manicurists. Both were 

injured in the same December 2013 van accident that resulted in bodily injuries to both employees. 

Claimant and Zhou are represented by the same counsel who briefed the identical issues in each 

appeal and Employer’s responsive briefs are virtually identical. 

As such, the Court heard argument, en banc, on employees’ appeals seriately. 

Accordingly, we incorporate the background and legal discussion set forth in our opinion in the 

companion appeal, Xiao Q. Zhou v. Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board (New Li Nail Spa, Inc.)

(Pa. Cmwlth., No. 1367 C.D. 2017, filed October 17, 2018).
3

At a March 25, 2015 hearing, the parties agreed to bifurcate the matter to first 

determine whether the Ridesharing Act precluded Claimant’s recovery under the 

WC Act. If it did not preclude recovery, the matter would then proceed on the merits. 

R.R. at 157a, 166a, 177a.

On November 19, 2015, the WCJ issued an Interlocutory Order finding that 

the transportation arrangement between Claimant and Employer did not fall within 

the scope of the Ridesharing Act. R.R. at 176a. The matter thus proceeded on the 

merits. 

On October 26, 2016, the WCJ issued a Decision and Order which 

incorporated the findings in his Interlocutory Order and granted the Claimant’s 

Claim Petition. The WCJ found that Claimant’s injuries were sustained in the course 

and scope of his employment and that Claimant had not fully recovered from those 

injuries. Consequently, the WCJ awarded Claimant disability benefits as of 

December 15, 2013. R.R. at 170a-71a; see also R.R. at 158a. However, the WCJ 

further concluded that, while Claimant was currently in the process of applying for 

his green card, he was an undocumented worker at the time of the accident and, thus

was not eligible for workers’ compensation benefits. For this reason Claimant’s 

benefits were immediately suspended. R.R. at 171a.

Employer appealed to the Board. On August 24, 2017, the Board reversed the 

WCJ’s Decision, concluding that: the Ridesharing Act was applicable; and Claimant 

was precluded from recovering WC benefits. R.R. at 155a-63a. This appeal 

followed.

4

 

4 Our scope of review in a workers’ compensation appeal is limited to determining whether 

constitutional rights were violated, whether an error of law was committed or whether the 

necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence. City of Scranton v. Workers’ 

Comp. Appeal Bd. (Roche), 909 A.2d 485, 489 n.1 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2006).
4

II. ISSUES

Claimant’s central issue is whether the Board erred in finding that Claimant 

was not in the course and scope of his employment when he was injured. The 

Employer asserts that the Ridesharing Act is applicable and bars Claimant’s right to 

recovery under the WC Act. Because whether the Ridesharing Act applies is a 

dispositive issue, we will address that issue first.

III. DISCUSSION

The Ridesharing Act itself contains explicit guidance regarding whether an 

employee is eligible for WC benefits for injuries sustained while traveling to or from 

work. Section 3 of the Ridesharing Act provides:

“The [WC] Act,” shall not apply to a passenger injured while 

participating in a ridesharing arrangement between such passenger’s 

place of residence and place of employment. The [WC] Act shall apply 

to the driver of a company owned or leased vehicle used in a 

ridesharing arrangement.

55 P.S. § 695.3 (emphasis added). Under Section 1 of the Ridesharing Act, a 

“Ridesharing Arrangement” includes: 

any one of the following forms of transportation:[5]

(1) The transportation of not more than 15 passengers where such 

transportation is incidental to another purpose of the driver who is not 

engaged in transportation as a business. The term shall include 

ridesharing arrangements commonly known as carpools and 

vanpools, used in the transportation of employees to or from their 

place of employment.

(2) The transportation of employees to or from their place of 

employment in a motor vehicle owned or operated by their employer.

....

 

5 There are four types of ridesharing arrangements in Section 1 of the Ridesharing Act. 

Only the two identified above are relevant to this appeal.
5

55 P.S. § 695.1 (emphasis added).

Here, the WCJ determined that since the Claimant and Employer relied on 

each other to transport Claimant to work, their arrangement was not a “ridesharing 

arrangement” under the Ridesharing Act. R.R. at 176a. Rather, the WCJ determined 

that their transportation arrangement constituted an “employment agreement,”

which is an exception to the general “coming and going rule”6 under the WC Act, 

and, therefore, Claimant was in the course and scope of his employment at the time 

of the accident.

In reaching a decision, the WCJ relied extensively on Empire Kosher Poultry, 

Inc. v. Workmen’s Compensation Appeal Board (Zafran), 623 A.2d 887 (Pa. 

Cmwlth. 1993), to support his determination that the Ridesharing Act did not apply.

R.R. at 175a-76a. We conclude, however, that the WCJ’s reliance on this case is 

misplaced.

In Empire Kosher, the claimant was injured in a car accident while being 

driven home from work by his co-worker in a car owned by the co-worker. The 

Board determined that substantial evidence supported the referee’s finding and 

 

6 The “coming and going rule” is not a complete bar to recovery under the WC Act. Our 

Court has recognized four exceptions to this rule, which are intended to protect employees who 

are specifically acting in the course of their employment while traveling to or from work. See 

Bensing v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (James D. Morrissey, Inc.), 830 A.2d 1075, 1078 (Pa. 

Cmwlth. 2003). The exceptions are:

1. The employment agreement between a claimant and employer includes 

transportation to and from work;

2. The employee has no fixed place of work;

3. The employee is injured while on a special assignment for the employer; or

4. Special circumstances indicate that the employee was furthering the business of 

the employer.

Id. (emphasis added). 
6

concluded that the claimant was entitled to benefits. On appeal to this Court, the 

claimant’s employer argued that his injury was not compensable because the 

accident occurred while the claimant was participating in a ridesharing arrangement. 

In affirming the Board, this Court determined:

[Co-worker’s arrangement with] [c]laimant was not one that can be 

classified as a carpool or vanpool because [c]laimant called upon him 

for a ride either to or from work sporadically, frequently without 

advanced notice, and [co-worker] was not in a position to refuse 

[c]laimant’s requests. In addition, he and [c]laimant did not share the 

expenses as Empire reimbursed [co-worker] for mileage. Moreover, 

since [co-worker’s] terms of employment provide for transportation to 

and from work, [co-worker]’s trip home was not in furtherance of his 

own affairs but was in the course and scope of his employment. Thus, 

as [co-worker] was not merely en route home from work and his 

transportation of [c]laimant was in the course and scope of his 

employment, the use of his automobile to transport [c]laimant on the 

day of the accident was not simply incidental to his purpose in returning 

home from work. Therefore, this arrangement does not constitute a 

ridesharing arrangement and does not preclude benefits under the [WC 

Act].

Empire Kosher, 623 A.2d at 891.

Unlike this case, in Empire Kosher, a co-worker, not the employer,

occasionally drove the claimant home from work. The co-worker’s specific terms 

of employment provided for transportation to and from work and reimbursement for 

driving expenses. More importantly, our Court analyzed Empire Kosher under 

Section 1 of the Ridesharing Act and determined that this arrangement could not be 

classified as a “carpool or vanpool.” 

Here, it is undisputed that Employer provided Claimant’s transportation to 

work each day and that Employer owned and operated the vehicle used to provide

transportation to Claimant and other employees. This transportation arrangement 

falls squarely within the plain and unambiguous language of Section 1(2) of the 
7

Ridesharing Act, namely: “The transportation of employees to or from their 

place of employment in a motor vehicle owned or operated by their employer.” 

55 P.S. § 695.1(2) (emphasis added). For this reason, we conclude that the 

Ridesharing Act is applicable, and, therefore, the WC Act does not apply.

We also conclude, that there is no evidence in the record to support the WCJ’s 

finding of an “employment agreement.” While Claimant and Employer may have 

mutually benefited from their transportation arrangement, there is no evidence that 

this “vanpool” arrangement was an actual job requirement or that Claimant would 

have lost his job had he declined Employer’s offer of transportation. This 

transportation arrangement did not impact Claimant’s duties as a manicurist, but 

simply involved Claimant getting back and forth to work in a van.

Finally, we reject Claimant’s assertion that Section 1(2) of the Ridesharing 

Act is inapplicable because the van was not actually owned or operated by New Li 

Nail Spa, Inc., but by its owner, Ms. Hao. “A corporation is a creature of legal fiction 

which can ‘act’ only through its officers, directors and other agents.” Daniel Adams 

Assoc., Inc. v. Rimbach Publ’g, Inc., 519 A.2d 997, 1000 (Pa. Super. 1987). Further, 

“[a]cts of a corporate agent which are performed in the scope of his or her authority 

are binding on the corporate principal.” Id. 

It is undisputed that Ms. Hao is the owner, sole manager, and president of New 

Li Nail Spa, Inc. Ms. Hao and New Li Nail Spa, Inc. are essentially 

indistinguishable. The van was titled in Ms. Hao’s name, and Ms. Hao was driving 

Claimant to his employment in her van when the accident occurred.7 Therefore, 

 

7 Claimant also argues that he was not being transported from his “residence,” relying on 

the definition of “residence” set forth in 4 Pa. Code § 95.2. However, this regulation is irrelevant 

to the instant appeal. The regulation pertains to the Pennsylvania Civil Service Commission rules 

governing examinations required for civil service employees’ appointment and promotion.
8

Claimant’s argument that Employer was not operating the van at the time of his 

injury lacks merit.

IV. CONCLUSION 

The Ridesharing Act applies here, and therefore the WC Act does not apply. 

Accordingly, because we conclude that the Board properly reversed the WCJ’s 

Decision, we affirm the Board’s Order.

__________________________________

ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Jian Li, :

Petitioner :

:

v. : No. 1332 C.D. 2017

:

Workers' Compensation Appeal :

Board (New Li Nail Spa, Inc.), :

Respondent :

O R D E R

AND NOW, this 17th day of October 2018, the August 24, 2017 Order of the 

Workers’ Compensation Appeal Board is hereby AFFIRMED. 

__________________________________

ELLEN CEISLER, Judge
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Jian Li, :

Petitioner :

 :

v. : No. 1332 C.D. 2017

 : Argued: June 6, 2018

Workers’ Compensation Appeal :

Board (New Li Nail Spa, Inc.), :

Respondent :

BEFORE: HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge

HONORABLE RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge

HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge

HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge

HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge

HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge

HONORABLE ELLEN CEISLER, Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

DISSENTING OPINION BY

JUDGE COHN JUBELIRER FILED: October 17, 2018

Respectfully, I dissent in this case for the same reasons as in Zhou v. Workers’ 

Compensation Appeal Board (New Li Nail Spa, Inc.) (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 1367 C.D. 

2017, filed Oct. 17, 2018), which was seriately argued with this matter.

1

 As 

 

1 The claimant in Zhou was injured in the same car accident and was awarded temporary 

total disability benefits as of the date of the car accident, as well as 20 weeks for the claimant’s 

disfigurement claim.
RCJ - 2

explained there, I do not read the Ridesharing Arrangements Act (Ridesharing Act)2

as broadly as my colleagues do as removing all injuries sustained while an employee 

is using employer-provided transportation from the scope of the Workers’ 

Compensation Act3(WC Act). Instead of a sword slicing coverage from claimants 

who would otherwise fall within the ambit of the WC Act, I believe the Ridesharing 

Act was intended to shield employers from expanded WC liability based solely on 

an employee’s participation in ridesharing arrangements. As in Zhou, I believe that 

Jian Li (Claimant) had an employment agreement that would otherwise have 

required New Li Nail Spa, Inc. (Employer) to provide coverage under the WC Act. 

However, here, unlike in Zhou, there remains an issue about the extent to which this

Claimant would be entitled to WC benefits because of his undocumented status. The 

Board did not address this issue; I would therefore reverse and remand for the Board 

to address this outstanding issue. For these reasons, I must respectfully dissent.

The purpose of the Ridesharing Act is “to encourage ride[]sharing 

arrangements in Pennsylvania” in order to get “more people [to] use[] carpools or 

bus pools to get to work.” S. 166th Sess., Feb. 8, 1982, at 1826 (Senate Legislative 

Journal);

4

see also Rite Care Res. v. Workmen’s Comp. Appeal Bd. (Davis), 623 A.2d 

917, 920 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1993) (stating the Ridesharing Act was intended “to 

encourage employers to provide ridesharing and vanpooling”). An increase in such 

 

2 Act of December 14, 1982, P.L. 1211, as amended, 55 P.S. §§ 695.1-695.9. Section 1 of 

the Ridesharing Act was repealed, other sections were added or amended, and it was given the title 

“Ridesharing Arrangements Act” by the Act of July 10, 2015, P.L. 130. However, we apply the 

1982 version of the Ridesharing Act because that was what was in effect at the time of Jian Li’s 

injury, which occurred in December 2013.

3 Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§ 1-1041.4, 2501-2708.

4 Available at http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/SJ/1982/0/Sj19820208.pdf (last 

visited Oct. 15, 2018).
RCJ - 3

arrangements would, it was hoped, get “commuters into carpools,” reduce the 

number of cars on the roads, reduce traffic jams, and save “millions of gallons of 

gasoline . . . every day.”5 Senate Legislative Journal at 1826.

Generally, under the “going and coming” rule,6 employees injured when 

commuting to and from work are not covered by the WC Act because they are not 

in the course and scope of their employment.7 Holler v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. 

(Tri Wire Eng’g Sols., Inc.), 104 A.3d 68, 71 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014). There are 

exceptions to the going and coming rule, which include where: an employment 

agreement “includes transportation to and from work”; the employee “has no fixed 

place of work”; the employee is injured while on a special assignment for the 

employer; or special circumstances indicate that the employee “was furthering the 

business of the employer.” Id.

If merely participating in an employer encouraged or provided ridesharing 

arrangement could be viewed as furthering the business of the employer or a special 

assignment, it could transform an injury that would be non-compensable under the 

WC Act into a compensable injury. This application of the WC Act would 

“indirectly discourage these” commuting arrangements, and, to prevent this, the 

 

5 The circumstances that led to the enactment of the Ridesharing Act, it can be noted, still 

exist today.

6 This is also referred to as the “coming and going” rule.

7 Section 301(c)(1) of the WC Act defines “injury” as “an injury to an employe, . . . arising 

in the course of his employment and related thereto.” 77 P.S. § 411(1) (emphasis added). 

“[I]njuries occur during the course and scope of employment when they are ‘sustained while the 

employe is actually engaged in the furtherance of the business or affairs of the employer, whether 

upon the employer’s premises or elsewhere.’” Holler v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (Tri Wire 

Eng’g Sols., Inc.), 104 A.3d 68, 70-71 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014) (quoting Section 301(c)(1) of the WC 

Act, 77 P.S. § 411(1)). “Whether a claimant was acting within the course and scope of his 

employment when his injury occurred is a question of law and is reviewable de novo.” Id. at 70 

n.3.
RCJ - 4

Ridesharing Act made the WC Act inapplicable to ridesharing.8 Senate Legislative 

Journal at 1826; see also Section 3 of the Ridesharing Act, 55 P.S. § 695.3 (stating 

the WC Act “shall not apply to a passenger injured while participating in a 

ridesharing arrangement between such passenger’s place of residence and place of 

employment”). As we have previously explained, “[t]he Ridesharing Act operates 

to prevent claimants from receiving [WC] benefits when they are merely 

commuting to and from work.” Bensing v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. (James D. 

Morrissey, Inc.), 830 A.2d 1075, 1080 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2003) (emphasis added). We 

have therefore concluded that an employee’s mere participation in a ridesharing 

arrangement cannot be used “as a basis for asserting that he was furthering the 

business of [the e]mployer or that he was on a special assignment for [the e]mployer 

while participating in the” ridesharing arrangement. Id. (emphasis added). The 

Ridesharing Act assures that an employee cannot be found to be furthering an 

employer’s interests and, thus, within his course and scope of employment, merely 

by participating in a ridesharing arrangement. 

However, I do not believe the Ridesharing Act was intended to transform an 

injury that would otherwise have been compensable under the WC Act as an 

exception to the going and coming rule into a non-compensable injury. In this case, 

as in Zhou, the Workers’ Compensation Judge (WCJ) found that Claimant had an 

 

8 The Ridesharing Act also renders inapplicable to ridesharing arrangements certain 

provisions of other statutes, such as: the Public Utility Code, 66 Pa. C.S. §§ 101-3316; insurance 

laws and regulations related to motor carriers or using a motor vehicle for a commercial purpose; 

the Tax Reform Code of 1971, Act of March 4, 1971, P.L. 6, as amended, 72 P.S. §§ 7101-10004 

(related to the imposition of sales tax); and municipal tax or licensing laws. See Sections 2, 6, and 

7 of the Ridesharing Act, 55 P.S. §§ 695.2, 695.6, 695.7. Moreover, laws associated with the 

payment of minimum wage, overtime, or the number of hours an employee may work are 

inapplicable “to employees while traveling between their residences and places of employment.” 

Section 8 of the Ridesharing Act, 55 P.S. § 695.8.
RCJ - 5

employment agreement with his Employer that included transportation. Such an 

agreement, which can be express or implied and is determined by the totality of the 

circumstances, is an exception to the going and coming rule. Wachs v. Workers’ 

Comp. Appeal Bd. (Am. Office Sys.), 884 A.2d 858, 862 (Pa. 2005). Because of such 

an agreement, the multiple injuries Claimant suffered in this car accident would be 

compensable under the WC Act. I believe there is substantial evidence to support 

the WCJ’s finding in this regard. 

Both Claimant and Guiying Hao, Employer’s Owner/President (Owner), 

testified, through interpreters, that Owner provided Claimant, and other employees, 

with transportation from the Employer-provided place to live to Employer’s nail 

salon and back. (Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 8a-10a, 19a, 47a-49a.) Claimant 

explained that if Owner did not drive him, he had no way of getting to work, and he 

did not know where the place Employer provided him to live was or how far away 

the nail salon was, but did know that it was about a 10-minute drive from the 

Employer-provided housing. (Id. at 10a, 18a-19a.) Owner testified that Employer 

provided a place to live, food, and transportation to its employees, which includes 

Claimant, and that she would pick up those employees from that housing and drive 

them 12 to 15 minutes to the nail salon every day prior to the accident. (Id. at 47a49a, 52a-53a.) Owner agreed that, in order to run her business, she needed to drive 

the employees to work. (Id. at 58a.) A reasonable mind would accept this testimony 

as support for the conclusion that Claimant’s employment included his daily 

transportation to and from work. As such, this testimony constitutes substantial 

evidence to support the WCJ’s finding. Wawa v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal Bd. 

(Seltzer), 951 A.2d 405, 407 n.4 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008).
RCJ - 6

The majority states that there was no evidence that the “‘vanpool’ 

arrangement was an actual job requirement or that Claimant would have lost his job 

had he declined Employer’s offer of transportation.” Li v. Workers’ Comp. Appeal 

Bd. (New Li Nail Spa, Inc.) (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 1332 C.D. 2017, filed Oct. 17, 2018), 

slip op. at 7. However, Claimant credibly testified that he had no way to get to work 

if Owner did not drive him the approximately 10 minutes from the Employerprovided place to live to the nail salon. (R.R. at 10a, 18a-19a.) As reflected in the 

record, Owner drove Claimant and other employees to the nail salon every day prior 

to the accident and that, in order for Owner to run her business, she needed to drive 

those employees to work. (R.R. at 47a-49a, 52a-53a.) Had Claimant stopped 

coming to work because “he declined Employer’s offer of transportation,” he would 

not have kept his job as a manicurist. Li, slip op. at 7. Considering the totality of 

circumstances, Wachs, 884 A.2d at 862, the WCJ did not err in concluding that an 

employment agreement for transportation existed between Employer and Claimant.

Had Claimant not had an employment agreement with Employer that included 

transportation to and from work, I would agree with the majority that merely 

participating in a ridesharing arrangement would not bring him within the WC Act. 

That is the import of the Ridesharing Act. However, in this case, as in Zhou, I believe 

the issue is whether the Ridesharing Act should be broadly interpreted and applied 

to provide a blanket exclusion of WC benefits for any injuries sustained while an 

employee is traveling to and from work in a motor vehicle owned or operated by the 

employer, even if the employee would otherwise be within the course and scope of 

his or her employment. Such a broad interpretation and application would eliminate 

WC coverage for employees, like Claimant, who would otherwise meet an exception 

to the going and coming rule. 
RCJ - 7

This is a close case because the language used in the Ridesharing Act can be 

interpreted to provide such a blanket exclusion. However, I do not believe that is 

the intent of this provision and would interpret the Ridesharing Act more tailored to 

accomplishing its objective of encouraging ridesharing, without making such a 

sweeping change to the WC Act. I would therefore find that, because this Claimant 

did have an agreement with Employer for transportation to and from work, which is 

an exception to the going and coming rule, the Ridesharing Act did not apply to bar 

his compensation under the WC Act. This is consistent with the fact that the WC 

Act is remedial in nature and must be liberally construed to effectuate its 

humanitarian purposes. Rite Care Res., 623 A.2d at 920. 

Although not addressed by the majority because of its conclusion that the WC 

Act is inapplicable, unlike in Zhou, slip op. at 3, where the WCJ awarded ongoing 

medical and wage loss benefits, the WCJ here suspended Claimant’s wage loss 

benefits (but not the medical benefits) as of the date of the car accident, (WCJ Order). 

He did so based on his finding that Claimant was an undocumented worker and his 

conclusion that Claimant’s loss of earnings was due to his undocumented status, 

rather than the injuries he sustained in the car accident. See Cruz v. Workers’ Comp. 

Appeal Bd. (Kennett Square Specialities), 99 A.3d 397, 407-08 (Pa. 2014) 

(explaining that, because disability or wage loss must be the result of the workrelated injuries in order to be compensable under the WC Act, a wage loss that is 

due to something other than that injury, such as a claimant’s immigration status, is 

not compensable and wage loss benefits may be suspended).9 Claimant challenged 

that finding and conclusion in his appeal to the Board, (Claimant’s Appeal, Certified 

Record Item 10), which the Board did not address because it held the Ridesharing 

 

9 The Supreme Court, in Cruz, also explained that a claimant does not bear the burden of 

proving his employment eligibility status under federal immigration law. 99 A.3d at 407.
RCJ - 8

Act precluded the award of any WC benefits to Claimant. (Board Opinion at 6 n.8.) 

Because of the Board’s holding, the Board has not yet addressed the issue of whether 

Claimant’s wage loss benefits should have been suspended based on his 

undocumented status. Therefore, this issue is not yet before the Court. Accordingly, 

I would remand in order for the Board to address this outstanding issue. 

For the foregoing reasons, I respectfully dissent from the majority and would 

reverse the Board’s Order and remand this matter for the Board to address 

Claimant’s appeal.

_____________________________________

RENÉE COHN JUBELIRER, Judge

Judge McCullough joins in this dissenting opinion.