UNIVERSITY

OF FLORIDA

LIBRARIES
Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries

http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie1210pana



/ WE

IN THIS ISSUE

Homebuying Opportunity

Bells Ring for Latin Schools

Working Conditions and Health

Toward Tropical Comfort

12, No. 10

May 4, 1962• A Movie is Born
r t J. Fleming. Jr., Governor-Pi

\V. P. Leber, I.ieuh A ill Arey

una Canal Information Officer

.g-fel. N. D. Christensen, Press Officer Joseph Connor, Publications Editor

Editorial Assistants: Eunice Richard and Tobi Bittel

William Burns, Official Photographer

Official Panama Canal Company Publication

Published Monthly al Balboa Heights, C. Z.

Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, Canal Zone On sale at all Panama Canal Sen-ice Centers. Retail Stores, and the Tivoli Guest House for 10 days after publication date at S cents each Subscriptions, $1 a year; mail and back copies, 10 cents each.

Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M. Balboa Heights. C. Z. Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building, Balboa Heights. C. Z.

A Refreshing Canal Story

Waterway on Film

MILLIONS OF PEOPLE throughout the United States and

Latin America soon will be learning more about the Panama

Canal, pleasantly and without moving from their school desks,

dinner chairs, or television-viewing positions.

Their opportunity" will come through a 2S1'2-minute color film which was given a special preview last month by the Panama

Canal Company Board of Directors and soon will be circulating

to schools, television stations, and interested organizations

throughout the Western Hemisphere.

Filmed in the Canal Zone and the Springfield, Mass., studios

of Bav State Film Productions, Inc., the movie captures the

historic background, construction-era effort, economic signifi- cance, cooperative effort, and community life which centers at the "Funnel for World Commerce" which crosses the Isthmus of Panama to connect two great oceans. This month's cover shows

Harold M. Fischer, Bay State's production manager for the film,

shooting a ship in famous Gaillard Cut. Employing the talents of three bi-lingual actors—Carlos Montalban, Luis Van Rooten, and George Gaynes—the movie was

filmed in both Spanish and English, thus avoiding any necessity

for "dubbing in" voices in either language.

All three actors are experienced performers of stage, screen, and television. Mr. Montalban, who has directed, written, and

narrated in addition to his acting, is well known throughout

America for his frequent roles in Spanish-language movies.

Mr. Van Rooten, who has appeared in numerous motion picture

and television roles, is perhaps best known for his role as Knobby

Walsh in the "Joe Palooka" television series.

In the Canal film, Mr. Montalban portrays a Canal engineer, Mr. Van Rooten plays the role of a Canal executive, and Mr.

Gaynes fills the role of a visitor to the Isthmus.

For the special preview for the Board of Directors of the

Panama Canal Company last month, Mr. Montalban and Edward

Knowlton, professional author who wrote the script, accompanied

Morton Read, President of Bay State, to Washington and the

Hoard meeting.

Specific arrangements for widespread distribution of the film through regular distribution channels now are being made. A

print ol the completed film is being reviewed prior to being made

available for early public showing.

(Continued tin puye 12)

Index

For Your Health 3

Latin American Schools

Villa Caceres

Making of a Stamp

Audubon of the Zone

Nuclear Construction Proposed

Of Toys and Dolls and Laughter _

10

11

Cool, Man, Cool - 14

Worth Knowing 16

Anniversaries. _ 18

Promotions and Transfers- 19

Safety- 20

Canal History 21

Shipping Statistics. . 22

Shipping. - 24

2 May 4, 1962
Too much carbon monoxide? Dr. Robinson and Terminals Training Officer Barrett discuss

possibility while examining exhaust pipe of fumes-producing forklift truck on Cristobal piers.

IT IS OBVIOUS that wearing a "hard

hat" in situations where a knock on the noggin may occur simply is common

sense. The hazard to the old bean in many work situations is well-recognized and the need for safeguards

is apparent.

There are other on-the-job hazards,

however, that are not so obvious or

readily apparent as the threat of a plummeting hammer or wrench. These not- so-obvious hazards offtimes are not

readily apparent to any of the five senses which normally alert individuals to danger—but they can be just as deadly. Your sight or hearing, or both, may

warn you of an object hurtling at you; your sense of touch may cause you to move from danger's path even as you

are brushed by it; your sense of smell may warn you against a poisonous

substance. But none of your five senses will warn

you about carbon monoxide gas; it is colorless, odorless, tasteless—but it will

kill just as surely as a skull-crushing

blow bv a falling object. Nor will your

senses warn vou that microscopic parti- cles of dust are penetrating your lungs

like tiny darts, causing you to develop

silicosis. And, of course, none of your

senses can give warning that you are in contact with disease-causing germs or

viruses which will sicken or may even

kill you. There was a time—to take a case in point—when mosquitoes were consid- ered merely irritating pests. Fortunately for those who built the Panama

Canal, Dr. Walter Reed and his associ- ates proved that certain mosquitoes can

transmit yellow fever to man. Using

this knowledge. Dr. William Crawford

Corgas and his co-workers launched

such a determined and continued attack on the Aedes aegypti and Anopholes

mosquitoes on the Isthmus that yellow

fever among construction workers was

eradicated and malaria was reduced to

a bare minimum.

The effort made to improve and control Isthmian conditions related to the

health of employees did not end with

completion of the Canal, of course. Such efforts continue today. The Safety

Branch is primarily responsible in the

field of "accidental injury" and the Health Bureau is primarily responsible

in the more general field of illness. Direct benefits from the highly successful efforts of Dr. Gorgas and his associates were notlimitedto employees,

but extended to everyone living and

working in the Canal Zone and area. The infectious nature of the diseases being combatted made improvement of community health conditions an integral

part of the main problem of keeping

employees well and on the job.

Communitv-wide conditions affect- ing health are a major concern of the Health Bureau and have been for many

years. Part of this problem is directly related to working conditions and the newest unit of the Health Bureau was

organized just a few months ago for the purpose of dealing with this specific

aspect of community health. This unit, the Industrial Health Section, is part of the Division of Preventive

Medicine and Quarantine headed by

Dr. Sidney B. Clark. The recently organFOR

your

HEALTH

Conditions on the job

are controlled by Health

Bureau unit to protect

employees of waterway.

ized section is headed by Dr. Donald

Robinson, who has had approximately

15 years of experience in the field of preventive medicine and industrial

health. Many of the long-established pro- grams normally considered a part of a comprehensive industrial health pro- gram have been brought under the new

section and new programs are being

added to establish a more complete

industrial health program. The longestablished programs include pre- employment physical examinations,

periodic examinations for certain employees, and supervision of industrial

first aid and nursing services. New measures being developed by

the section include establishment of routine procedures by which information possibly pertinent to job-related health problems is channeled to Dr. Robinson for evaluation. By correlating

such information, a previously unre- cognized problem may be brought

to light. "For example," Dr. Robinson says, "a single case of skin rash among 50

employees doing the same job or working in the same shop probably represents only an individual medical problem

and is of no special concern to the

Industrial Health Section. But if several employees show up with identical complaints, it indicates that something may

be wrong in the working environment.

That's where we come in." Indicators which may alert the Industrial Health Section to possible problems

include chronic absenteeism and acci- dents, as well as reported illnesses. A

The Panama Canal Review
steady pattern of absenteeism or acci- dents may indicate unhealthful conditions on the job which have not been

recognized b\ either the employees

themselves or the supervisors. The section also learns of possible problems

through visits to job sites, shops, and

other work locations. "All these things help us pinpoint

problem areas," Dr. Robinson says, "but

the most direct and effective means by

which problems can be found and

solved are through reports from indi- vidual employees, members of their

families, or supervisors. In other words, we need and seek assistance from

laymen with firsthand knowledge of working conditions."

All requests for assistance by supervisors are followed by an interview and

a study of the job in question. Sometimes such requests include interview

and examination of one or more indi- viduals to determine if they have been

affected by job conditions. In all indi- vidual counseling, the normal confidential relationship of physician and patient

is respected.

Once a problem is recognized and

its causes determined, the Industrial Health Section prepares a recommendation for correcting it. This may be

such a simple procedure as having the employee or employees wear a protective mask, earplug, or other device. Or

it may call for a major physical change

in the working environment.

Is there adequate

ventilation where

Fred Trout

is working?

Only a scientific

atmospheric test

can tell.

"This definitely is a management pro- gram," Dr. Robinson says, "but, like the attack on disease-carrying mosquitoes, it can benefit employees and resi- dents of the community, as well as management. After all, an individual's health is a matter of major interest to him and anything we can do to protect

his health certainly is of benefit to him

and not simply some wholly selfish

concern of management, even though

the preservation of employee health can produce sizable savings for the

enterprise invoked, whether it is the Panama Canal Company or some

private enterprise." Several examples of problems which

have been dealt with by the Industrial Health Section are pictured with

this article.

Is the residue being removed from these lock gates damaging

to health? Probably not, but workers wear masks as precaution.

Eyesight is important to all persons, but lack of good vision may

lead to accidents, hence this test of dockworker Frank Mahon.

May 4, 1962
LATIN

SCHOOLS

OPEN

WITH NEW

and

IMPROVED

• Facilities

• Instruction

• Curriculum

THE LATIN AMERICAN SCHOOLS

of the Canal Zone will open their doors

next week to approximately 3,935 pupils

from kindergarten through high school and with a number of new facilities, teachers, and expanded programs. The new facilities include kindergarten classrooms at the elementary

schools in Rainbow City and Santa Cruz

and partitioning of the Paraiso Elementary School kindergarten room into two

classrooms. These new facilities are to be used for the free kindergartens which

are to be operated in the Latin American school system this school year. Another major addition to Latin

American school facilities is the new

swimming pool at the Paraiso Junior- Senior High School, which opened in March. Use of the Paraiso pool by the

schools there will permit all secondary

school students in the Latin American

schools to have swimming as part of

their regularly scheduled physical education classes. The Santa Cruz and

Rainbow City schools previously have

had such programs. The new facilities and changes in instructional programs and schedules

will be discussed during a 1-day Teachers' Institute scheduled for all Latin

American school staff members May 8

at the Paraiso Theater and Junior-Senior

High School. Registration of pupils

and classroom sessions will start on

Thursday, May 10. While pupils in the Latin American

schools were preparing for and participating in the vacation recreation pro- gram during February, March, and

April, some of their teachers were themThe new Paraiso swimming pool will enable

selves, students elsewhere. They were

seeking the training required to better qualify them as teachers and earn advancement to the Washington, D.C.,

salary schedule. Several other teachers now are studying in the United States and will remain there throughout the new school year. Teachers who completed degrees at the University of Panama in February

are Miss Maria Sanjur, Rainbow City

Elementary School; Miss Gladys Urena,

Santa Cruz Elementary School; Miss

Blandina Waterman, Paraiso Junior- Senior High School; Alfonso Greaves,

Rainbow City Junior-High School; Miss

Thehna Lee, special education; Mrs.

Pearl Chilcott and Mrs. Viola Duncan,

both of Rainbow City Junior High

School. One teacher, Harold Knowles,

received a bachelor's degree from the University of Nebraska.

Teachers planning to be in the United

States throughout the school year start- ing this month are Leslie Thomas and

Saturnin Mauge, both of Rainbow City

Junior High School; Mrs. Daisy Redhead, Miss Vilma Best, and Mrs. Joycelvn Blugh, all of Paraiso Elementary

School; Mrs. Clarice Bryan, Rainbow

City Elementary School; and Cleveland

Ennis, Rainbow City High School. Ellis Fawcett, Principal of the Paraiso Junior- Senior High School, and Miss Julette Carrington, Principal of the Pedro

Miguel Elementary School, plan to leave later this year for study in the United States. A number of new teachers have been

added to the Latin American schools

this year. Thev are Luis Sealv, who will

schools there to expand physical education.

teach shop at the Rainbow City Junior

High School; Alcides Bernal, physical

education at Paraiso Junior-Senior High

School; Sergio Ruiz, social studies and

Spanish, Paraiso High School; Mrs.

Josefina Cordero, and Mrs. Alicia Saenz,

both in the Paraiso Elementary School; Mrs. Avis Dick and Mrs. Elsa Skeete,

both in Rainbow City kindergarten; Mrs. Luz Berrocal, Santa Cruz kindergarten; Mrs. Anne Baird and Mrs. Coralia Serracin, Paraiso kindergarten; and

Alberto Abrego, physical education at Rainbow City [unior-Senior High

School. Also new to the schools will be

Ana Maria Torero, librarian at Rainbow

City Junior-Senior High School.

In addition to the new kindergarten

classrooms and Paraiso swimming pool, other improvement projects completed

during the vacation period included

installation of acoustical tile in Rainbow

City Elementary School, Rainbow City

junior-Senior High School, Santa Cruz

Elementary School, and in Building 128

of the Paraiso High School. Dressing

and shower rooms were enlarged for the Santa Cruz gymnasium, and hot water systems were installed at the Rainbow City gymnasium and swimming pool. Exterior painting and roofing

repairs were made to the Rainbow City

High School, the roof of the Rainbow

City High School shop was painted, the

interior and exterior of Building 128

of the Paraiso High School and gymnasium were painted, the Santa Cruz

gymnasium was screened, and touch-up

painting was done on Building 132 of the Paraiso High School, the Santa Cruz gymnasium, and the Mount

Hope Stadium.

The Panama Canal Review
Housing

development

is designed for

middle-income

families.

*>•*

./»>'<•:' VILLA

CACERES

Cooperative project provides

home-buying opportunity

SEVERAL HUNDRED Panamanian

citizens employed by the Panama Canal

Company and the Canal Zone Government are among those eligible to become homeowners at modest cost through a cooperative Panama-United

States program aimed at helping middleincome families buy houses of their own

in the Panama housing development of

Villa Caceres. The Canal organization and other U.S. Government agencies on the Zone

are assisting any employee who has expressed a desire to buy one of the twoor three-bedroom houses. Preliminary

applications for home purchase loans from Caja de Ahorros, Panama savings

bank, are being prepared with the assist- ance of the Canal enterprise and for- warded to the bank for processing.

Canal officials also have readied a program to help employees solve difficulties lliey may encounter in attempting to buy one of the homes. This

part of the assistance to employees is designed to insure all possible consideration for those desiring to buy

houses in the development. The effort

sist employees seeking to buy

homes under the program was launched

about the middle of April by order of Governor Fleming.

The application forms, in both Spanish and English, .ire being prepared for

any employee who calls at either the Balboa or Cristobal housing office of the Community Services Division. The Canal organization also is pro- viding basic employment information

for applicants, as requested by Caja de

Ahorros. This includes data as to salary,

length of time employed, type of work

performed, place of work and rating.

The applicants also are required to provide evidence of Panamanian citi- zenship, a Panama "Paz v Salvo," a statement that they do not presently own a home, a cash down payment of 15 percent of the total purchase price of the house, and minor "closing costs." The down payment and closing costs

will total $675 to $800 on each house,

according to Panama officials. Panama officials associated with the program said the minimum income for

a typical family qualifying for a loan to buy one of the houses will be approximately $150 per month, although

applications from families having less than $150 per month income also will be considered.

The Instituto de Vivienda y Urbanismo is developing the land and supervising construction of the houses in the

project under terms of an agreement

with Caja de Ahorros. Each house is located on a lot containing approximately 300 square meters. The two- bedroom houses contain approximately

50 square meters of living space, while

the three-bedroom houses have about

70 square meters.

The homes are constructed with

concrete block or clay tile walls, concrete floors with tile surfacing, and a built-up roof. Each house contains closets, complete plumbing and electrical

installations, a laundry tray, and clothes- drying facilities. Refrigerators, ranges and other furnishings will have to be

provided by the purchasers.

Assignment of the houses to buyers

will be on the basis of individual selection, or may be by drawing lots. The

houses will be sold and assigned as they

are completed and loan applications are approved by Caja de Ahorros.

The Villa Caceres housing development is located along the Transisthmian

Highway about 5 miles from Balboa. Work on the cooperative project started

last October and some of the houses were sold and assigned last month. A

second group of houses now are under

contract and plans call for contracts to be let on about 50 houses each month

until the development is completed.

The project is expected to include

construction of at least 635 homes.

May 4, 1962
The Villa Caceres development is being financed through a cooperative

loan agreement between the U.S.

Agency for International Development

and Caja de Ahorros. The loan agree- ment calls for AID to lend up to $2%

million to Caja de Ahorros over a period of 18 months to 2 years. Through an agreement between Caja de

Ahorros and the Institute de Vivienda

v Urbanismo (IVU), the $2% million loan is being underwritten by the Republic of Panama.

Under terms of the agreement

between AID and Caja de Ahorros, the savings bank will provide all the monev

for home mortgage loans, then will obtain an AID loan equal to 76.5 per- cent of the total sale price of the house.

Fifteen percent of the total price will be

paid bv the purchaser and the balance

of 8.5 percent will represent the direct investment of Caja de Ahorros.

In addition to the funds provided bv

AID, the savings bank will provide

$250,000 from its own resources each

year for 5 years. This will make a total of $3,750,000 available for the home

construction program. The entire fyZVz million loaned to Caja de Ahorros

through AID is to be repaid in 22 years, with interest at 4 percent per vear. The

individual mortgage holders will pay an

interest rate of 6 percent per vear. The $2J 2 million loan was made

under the fourth point in the U.S. Government's 1957 Latin American

9-point program. The willingness of the U.S. Government to provide it was reafCosts of Buying Home in Villa Caceres

Two-bedroom house on lot of 300

square meters: Total cost $4,236

Cash payment 678

Loan at 6 percent

interest $3,558

Monthly payment on

loan and interest. . . . $30

Three-bedroom house on lot ol 300 square meters: Total cost $4,981

Cash payment 797

Loan at 6 percent

interest $4,234

Monthly payment on

loan and interest. . . . $35

"All figures are approximate and will var> slightly in individual cases

firmed in the special 9-point program

of benefits for Panama aimounced in 1960. The loan agreement between AID

and Caja de Ahorros was signed on February 10, 1962, after construction

of the first homes already was started. Loans to homebuyers, under terms of the loan agreement, are to be payable

in monthly installments over a period of 20 years. Principal, interest, and insur- ance payments under the mortgage

agreements signed by the homebuyers

will be $30 to $35 monthly, depending

on the size and type of house selected by the purchaser. Utilities and other homeowner costs will be in addition to the monthly mortgage loan payments.

Under terms of the individual mortgages, those buying houses in the devel- opment will not be able to resell them

except with the approval of Caja de

rs\

Governor Fleming and

other Canal officials recently visited the Villa

Caceres project at the

invitation of Norherto

Navarro of IVU.

Ahorros. Buvers also are required to live

in the homes they buy and not to rent them to someone else. Under its agreement yvith Caja de

Ahorros, the Institute de Vivienda y Urbanismo contracted to offer the houses for sale at prices not to exceed

$5,000 for any house and lot. Canal officials have urged all employees interested in purchasing one of the homes to make application as soon as possible. They pointed out that the loan terms available to buyers of the homes

are considerabl) better than commonly

available locally and even in man)

places in the United States. "It's a good

deal for our employees," one official commented, "and I hope that all those who can do so will take advantage of the opportunity to acquire a home of

their own through this program."

K <1

The Panama Canal Review
Making

of a

Stamp

Those postal necessities

don't suddenly just appear

from nowhere - - they are

carefully considered and

planned.

C.Z. Stamp Advisory Committee examines new issue in print. From left: Hugh Cassibry, Grover Luce. Robert Stevens, J. B. Clemmons, Paul Runnestrand, Gerald Doyle, Earl Unruh.

RECOGNITION for an historic personage, a date to be commemorated,

an event of significance, a national or world" ide effort to focus attention on

a particular subject, recognition of an

institution, invention, or discovery. Any

of these—or a number of others—may

be the subject of a new Canal Zone

postage stamp.

An idea or proposal for a new Canal

Zone stamp sets in motion the Canal

Zone Stamp Advisory Committee, which

decides on the color, design, and sometimes, the denomination of a new stamp,

although the latter generally is deter- mined in advance by the needs of the

postal service. The Advisory Committee meets only

when, it has work to do in connection

with the Canal Zone postal system.

Whole months may go by without the committee holding even one meeting.

Then there are times, like the present,

when the group meets again and again,

with several stamps under consideration

simultan; ously.

A suggestion for a new stamp may

be originated by a member of the committee by someone outside the committee, by an outside organization, by an

increase in postal charges which necessitate issuance of a stamp in a new

denomination, or by Director of Posts

Earl F. Unruh, who may point to the

desirability of a new stamp.

Once a suggestion is submitted to the committee, ideas are discussed, along

mdations as to what

should ,md what shouldn't appear in the ideas begin to take form, verbally, Committee member

Gerald A. Doyle, Jr., Chief of the Architectural Branch of the Engineering Division, starts sketching "notes" with his

agile fingers. These preliminary sketches may meet with tentative approval quite

Rough sketch.

I C ANTAL ZOKE

Final, approved sketch

UNlTEO STATE^/WMY CARI&pEAH qfUflOJ FORT GULJCK*--r>J. ,

A 1 I* VI A I !. 15c

UNITED STATES ARMY

CARIBBEAN SO

rciRTGULICK , FOR LATIN AMERICA CA'VAJL ZOWE

Finished product.

readily, or Gerry may be asked to try several more ideas. Generally, the committee members

will agree on a tentative design and

shape for the new stamp, then ask Mr. Dovle to make rough sketches which can be evaluated and discussed at the next meeting. These preliminarydesigns are carefully "edited" and

screened. Some are discarded entirely, others have a few details added or changed. Finally, from the ones ap- proved, the artist is asked to prepare

a semi-finished sketch. Sometimes, when several tentative designs meet with committee approval,

the artist is asked to work them into a semi-finished stage. In that way, the committee will have a better idea of the appearance of the completed stamp and

is able to make a final decision. This

course was followed in developing the stamp recognizing the U.S. Army Caribbean School at Fort Gulick. The committee asked for semi-finished sketches on both vertical and horizontal designs,

thin selected the horizontal model as the most desirable. Approval of a design by the Advisorv

Committee is the last step before submission of the final sketch of the stamp

to the Governor for review and final action before it is sent to the U.S. Bureau

of Engraving and Printing in Washington, DC, by the Director of Posts, with

written instructions on the number of models to be prepared and any minor

refinements or changes desired. The

Bureau experts then complete the artistic work required, make the engraving

from which the stamp is to be printed.

8 May 4. 1962
and actually print the stamps ordered

by the Zone Postal Division. At the printing stage of the project, extreme care is used to insure against

"gremlins" arbitrarily altering the approved stamp—and thereby producing a collectors item of unusual value. But, despite all precautions, things

sometimes go awry in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and what other- wise would be merely another stamp

costing a few pennies is transformed

into a rare item sought by philatelists.

One printing boo-boo involving a stamp issued by the Zone postal service created a small number of stamps now

given a catalog value of S2,00U. This scamp, cryptically cataloged as "Scots No. 31 A 15, inverted center, overprint

reading down," is a green and black, 1-cent stamp issued by the Republic of Panama and overprinted with the words

"Canal Zone." The gremlin-afflicted—

and, therefore, valuable version—is in the Zone's 1909-1910 series and is extremely rare. The boo-boo copies have

the head of Vasco Nunez de Balboa

upside down and the Canal Zone

overprint reads down instead of up. Another valuable Zone stamp, in a more recent series, is a 31-cent airmail stamp with the map and globe. An error occurred in perforation of some of the stamps, with some of them being per- forated horizontally only and not vertically. A pair is required to show the error—and such a pair is valued at S300. The Canal Zone has issued about 50

postage stamps and stamped papers and plans for 2 more now are being

readied. One of these is an anti-malaria stamp being planned as part of a World

Health Organization campaign on

behalf of malaria eradication. About

90 countries have either issued stamps

as part of the program, or have signified

their intention to do so. The Republic

of Panama already has issued its anti- malaria stamp and the United States' stamp in the series was issued March 30. Another stamp now being planned is to commemorate the opening of the Thatcher Ferrv Bridge across the Canal. Members of the Stamp Advisory

Committee, in addition to Mr. Doyle,

are: Chairman J. B. Clemmons, jr.. Assistant to the Director of the Civil

Affairs Bureau; Executive Secretary

Paul M. Runnestrand; Hugh W. Cassibrv. rates analyst from the Budget and

Rates Branch of the Office of the Comptroller; Robert A. Stevens of the Wage

and Classification Division of the Per- sonnel Bureau; and Grover D. Luce of the Internal Audit Branch, who is designated to represent the general public

and philatelists.

Miss Lois Morgan applies finishing touches to bird painting.

Miss Lois Morgan

Audubon of the Zone

BIRD FANCIERS need no binoculars

to see a treasure trove of Isthmian birds

at close range and all in one location. Manx already have seen the colorful collection and those who have not still have about a week in which to do so. Where? In the Civil Affairs Building

in Ancon.

True, the birds are not live specimens,

but they are very, very lifelike in the near life-size water color paintings in which they have been captured by Miss

Lois Morgan, Diablo Heights Junior High School teacher and able artist. The feathered creatures caught by

the delicate strokes of Miss Morgan's

brush are not rare or exotic jungle birds. but the common varieties she came to know by observing them at friends' birdfeeding stations and in the trees near her Willamson Place apartment.

One possible exception to the "common

variety" label is the cacique, which

Miss Morgan says she was fortunate enough to observe at a feeding station on Ancon Hill. The Diablo Heights teacher, whose

water colors have won prizes in both

her native State of Ohio and the Canal

Zone, began making bird sketches some

years ago. She first sketches the birds from life, in characteristic poses, usually

with a pencil, and makes observation

notes as she watches the birds for hours

at a time so she can more ably capture

their character in her paintings.

Unwilling to rely solel) on her own

observations, Miss Morgan cheeks her

notes against books at the Canal Zone

Library before proceeding to color the penciled sketches. Using transparent watercolors and omitting use of opaque

white for lightening, she must carefully

plan all white and light areas before she starts. The paintings which result are vividly real and even the eyes seem

to be looking about. A native of Toledo, Miss Morgan

has sketched and painted all her life. She received her bachelor of arts and

bachelor of education degrees from the University of Toledo. The products of her sketch pencil and brush have been

exhibited in one-man shows at the Toledo Muslim of Art and the Toledo

Artists' Club, as well as at the USO-

]WB and the Canal Zone Library on the

Pacific side of the Isthmus. One of her previous Canal Zone

shows featured Louisiana scenes painted

while visiting Baton Rouge and others made during a course of botanical

studies in Florida while on a Ford

Fellowship. She has travelled in South

America and has painted scenes in Pan- ama from El Yalle to the Darien and

from the San Bias Archipelago to Taboga Island. The bird paintings at the Civil Affairs Building are labeled with the scientific and popular names of both the birds and the native flowers and plants with

which they are shown, with Sturgis'

"Field Book of Birds of the Panama

Canal Zone" as the authority.

The Panama Canal Review
Tennessee - Tombigbee

Nuclear

Construction

Proposed

The following article, edited slightly to reduce its length, is reprinted by courtesy of the Port of Mobile News, monthly magazine in which it first appeared. The possibility

of using nuclear explosives to build a new

Isthmian waterway makes it of special

interest locally.
1. A river section 168 miles long

from Demopolis to Amory, Miss. This

section will have four locks and clams,

will raise the water level 117 feet.

2. Above Anion a lateral canal 45

miles long will be dug and five locks

will take the water level from 190 to 330 feet.

3. A divide cut 40 miles long will bring the water up another 85 feet to the level of Pickwick Pool. The divide cut will slice through a sparselv populated area of Tishomingo

County, Miss., and for this Dr. Suttle proposes the use of "prompt" nuclear

devices. "Prompt" is a term nuclear scientists

like to play around with. In this sense it means "clean" devices having relatively

little fallout. And here is a problem.

Even a little fallout could set off a wave

of public reaction. In a sense, handling

public opinion will be as much an experiment as the actual blasts. Not too much has been said so far. The area has few people and no one has registered more than a mild comment. In fact. Dr. Suttle says that the residents of the area have shown "extreme cordiality"

toward the idea and haven't been

frightened bv it. "At any rate," he says, "the AEC's

first consideration is public safety.

And no project will ever be conducted bv the AEC unless the public

health is completely free from any

danger whatsoever."

Bombs used would be in the kiloton range, a kiloton meaning the equivalent

of 1,000 tons of TXT.

Dr. Suttle and his advisers are dis- cussing eight blasts—six small and two

large. Costs would range from $500,000

to $1 million apiece.

Shortly after Dr. Suttle made his proposal to the Tennessee-Tombigbee

Waterway Development Authority in June, 1960, Tishomingo County had a distinguished visitor— Dr. Charles E.

Violet of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at Livermore, Calif. The lab, an arm of the University of California,

does a large amount of research and

development for the AEC. A great many

scientists consider Dr. Violet the top

authority on underground nuclear explosions. He showed immediate interest, along with his colleagues, Dr. Edward

Teller, Dr. G. W. Johnson, and Dr. Gary

Higgins. All influential, the Livermore men have been heavy supporters of an experiment at Tishomingo.

Officiallv, how does the idea fare? No one will sav. But men close to Dr. Suttle sav the scientist's private

opinion is the project stands a better than possible chance of becoming a nuclear experiment.

Mrs. Fleming, standing, and daughter watch youngsters on lawn of Governor's residence.

Of Toys and Dolls and Laughter

A COLORED BALL on a stair or

terrace, a pull toy with various intri- guing figures swimming about inside a plastic ball, a soft doll of the kind

little folks find so cuddly, a shriek of laughter, or even an anguished wail. These sights and sounds emanating

from the younger generation cause no

surprise if encountered in the Whit:' House, at Buckingham Palace, or at the

official residence of Canal Zone Gov.

Robert J. Fleming, Jr. Toddlers and tots are at home at each of these locations. At 107 Balboa Heights, the Governor's official residence, there's a little blonde girl at the wide-eyed charmer

stage of half-past 3 vears, her 16-monthold twin brothers, and a fuzz-pated

babv brother barely 4 months old. To

these youngsters, the Governor and

First Lady of the Canal Zone arc simply

Grandfather and Grandmother.

The children arrived in the Canal

Zone in March with their mother. Mrs. Benjamin B. Beasley, the former Patricia Nanne Fleming, wife of an Army

officer presently stationed in Germany

and elder daughter of Governor and

Mrs. Fleming. Within bounds imposed

by parental discipline, the quartet has brought a childish zest to the staid old

house which has been home to all 14 Governors of the Canal Zone. Three-and-a-half year old Marion . Estelle is poised and active, ever read)

to relate her most recent enthusiasms

and adventures with the breathless excitement only a child of her age can

bring to the task. The twins, Benjamin

Bowes Beasley and Robert Fleming

Beasley, still aren't too interested in the outside world, but are nonetheless as

active, inquisitive, and unpredictable

as all 16-month-olds. Baby John Edward

still is pretty much a non-participating observer of the passing scene. Marion, who proudly tells of accompanying her grandfather on a visit to his

office in the Balboa Heights Administration Building, currently is awaiting the homecoming of Demi, a friend of long

standing. Demi is short for Demoiselle,

Governor and Mrs. Fleming's appro- priately-named French poodle. Like all

clogs brought to the Canal Zone, Demi

has been in quarantine at Corozal since

arriving on the Isthmus early in January. Her 120-day stay will be completed

Max 12 and she then will join the Governor's household, much to the delight

of Marion and her brothers.

The Panama Canal Review 11

Carlos Montalban script in hand, discusses roles with actors Gayncs and Van Rootcn. A REFRESHING CANAL STORY

(Continued i><>nt p 2 1 A quantity of prints or the finished film—in both Spanish and English—will be prepared for use in the on-Ioan dis- tribution and for sale to organizations

in the United Slates or indh iduals desir- ing a cop) of their own. As soon as final arrangements arc completed For pro- viding copies of the film to interested

groups, complete details will be published in The Panama Canal Review. A professional distribution firm which

has reviewed the Him has advised Pan- ama Canal officials that a minimum of

(i million television viewers and more

than L00.000 members of civic and

other organizations can be expected to sec the film during its first year.

Medical cart- for employees is filmed as one of services necessary to operation of the Canal

-1*1 J;; SrW

Cut widening features bin blasts, and prodJfwi manager Fischer records one for movie.

Sounds recorded at Industrial Division help provide authentic atmosphere

i&TfelQto

Bay State President Morton Read captures lock-side ship scene for new film.

Assistant production manager A. Herbert Wells plans shooting schedule.

Ships pictured in film are of many nations all of which use Canal on equal basis.
-.-.«.-•; . XV - Workmen employed b> contracting firm install line which will carry chilled water of centralized air conditioning system. COOL, MAN, COOL Centralized air conditioning system

to raise comfort level in Zone.

THE CANAL ZONE is getting cooler these days. The steaming jungle, the burning sun, the sweating office worker

sitting by a buzzing fan, all are still with

us, but air conditioning is making them

a little more remote. While little can be done about the jungle or the sun, modern science is making working and living a lot more

comfortable for the inside worker,

whether he lives in the tropics or in temperate climates. The idea of raising the comfort level

b\ reducing the heat level is. of course, commonly practiced throughout much

of the United States and in other parts

of the world. Inviting as air conditioning is, however, it was practically

unworkable in the Canal Zone until the

ion of frequency-sensitive

electrical equipment from 25-cycle to

irrent, a mammoth project

completed about 2 years ago,

b iv ing locomotives on

the lo Xo sooner had the Canal employee

and resident been supplied with the

means by which he could make his quarters more comfortable than he

began buying small air conditioning

units to cool bedrooms, hobbv shops.

and, in some cases, an entire house or apartment. Some public buildings,

several theaters, and a number of clubs soon were equipped with cooling

systems.

The obvious public desire for air conditioning and a belief that it would

increase the efficiency and productivity

of employees led the Canal administration to consider installation in several buildings. In search of this goal, the idea of a central air conditioning system

for an entire area was evolved. And,

if present plans materialize, it may be

that within a very few years stuffy

buildings and the hum of fans will be

an exception and not the rule in the Canal Zone. The first step toward this promise of future comfort is a big one and is being

taken right now In the Panama Canal

Company, with installation of a central

S) stem w ith which Canal engineers plan

to air condition many of the public

buildings on the Pacific side. The idea of replacing individual air- conditioning units already installed in offices and private buildings resulted from a survey of the problem by R. L. Duffer & Associates, an engineering

consultant firm of Miami, Fla. The Duffer firm said that unless there was centralization, the Canal organization eventually would be faced with

the problem of operating and maintaining dozens of different types of equipment in various stages of deterioration and obsolescence. Standby equipment,

surplus refrigeration, and spare parts

for the main different systems would

become a sizable item of cost at some

future time, unless there were centralization, the Miami consultants said. The) cited the systems in Federal

building complexes in Washington,

D.C., and in a number of large shopping centers built in the United States during the past decade in support of

their recommendation for a centralized

S\ stem.

14 May 4. 1962
The one finally adopted and now

being installed on the Pacific side of the isthmus is to be operated by distri- bution of chilled water from a central cooling and pumping station at Diablo

Road and Roosevelt Avenue. Four

1,000-horsepower centrifugal compressors will cool the water, which is to be

pumped through nearly4miles of underground pipeline now being installed. Thousands of gallons of chilled water

will course through the insulated pipes

which will parallel Roosevelt Avenue

and Gaillard Highway to Ancon before making a vast circular sweep to the new

Gorgas Hospital building and back to the station, cooling buildings as it goes. Engineers planning the installation say the water, which will be chilled to 42° F. at the Balboa pumping station. can make the complete circuit through

the miles of pipe line, cool all the buildings hooked into the svstem, and return

to the central station no more than 16° warmer than when it left. At the station, the process of cooling

and circulation through the network of pipes will start all over again, with the water being recooled to 42° before resuming its endless and circuitous journey.

En route, the water will be diverted

into smaller lines which will sprout from

the main line as buildings are connected

to the svstem. Each of the buildings to be air conditioned will be equipped

with a smaller circulation system very

similar to that which now keeps the Balboa Heights Administration Building

at a comfortable temperature.

Among the first structures which are

to be connected with the new svstem

are Balboa High School and Canal Zone

Junior College buildings. The contract

for modifying the two masonry buildings so thev can be air conditioned

efficiently was awarded in March to Ril- don. Inc. The work will cost 8315,560.

Also to be connected to the central system when it is completed next year

are the new Gorgas Hospital building, the Treasurer and Payroll offices, the two Personnel Bureau buildings in Ancon, the Middle America Research

building near Gorgas, and the Balboa

Retail Shoe Section building. Future plans call for air conditioning

the Supply Division headquarters in the Balboa Industrial Area, the Balboa

Retail Store complex, the Ancon District Court, and the Balboa and Ancon

Elementary Schools. The Administration Building at Bal- boa Heights and the Civil Affairs Building in Ancon, which now have their own air conditioning systems, also are

to be connected to the central plant.

Workmen apply

asphaltic paint

and glass fabric

tape to pipe

for centralized

air conditioning

system.

ONE DAY not long ago, J. J. Link,

vice president of the West Indies Piping

Corp. of Miami, walked into the office of H. H. Feenev, Chief of the Contract and Inspection Division of the Panama

Canal Company's Engineering and Construction Bureau, and tossed a plasticcoated object on his desk. "There's a porcelain figurine inside

that package," said Mr. Link, "and I'm going to mail it home to my wife just

like that." Mi. Link, whose company has the

contract for construction of the central

air conditioning svstem on the Pacificside, was demonstrating one of the main qualities of a versatile plastic- foam being used as insulating material on the pipes which will carry chilled water through the new air conditioning

system.

The material, known in commercial

fields as polyurethane foam, has been

used by the construction industry for dozens of purposes, including insulation, shock proofing, and reinforcement.

It is being used on the Isthmus for the first time by the Florida Coating

Co., a subcontractor for West Indies Piping Corp.

Coating almost 4 miles of pipe to carry the chilled water for the air conditioning system is a special job all in

itself. The polyurethane components

are applied with a spray gun after being

mixed in an automatic metering unit. The length of pipe to be sprayed is mounted on a machine that rotates and,

at the same time, causes the pipe to move horizontally past the spray gun. To obtain a uniform 1-inch coating of foam, the speed of the pipe's rotation and forward movement must be syn- chronized with the rate of discharge

from the spray gun. Bscause of the highly volatile nature

rf the raw material from which the foam is made, it is stored in an air conditioned box at a temperature of 75°

or below. Because of the toxic fumes

given off by the foam, the spray gun

operator must be protected by a mask

which looks something like a beekeeper's protective mask.

After each length of pipe receives a

1 -inch-thick coating of plastic foam, it

is lifted onto a storage cradle and left until it can be treated with two coats

of a thick, asphaltic-type paint, which

will act as a vapor barrier. To apply the asphaltic paint, work- men lift the pipe onto another machine

where it rotates while two successive

coats of the paint are sprayed on by

hand in layers which are one-sixteenth

of an inch thick. While this is still wet,

the whole pipe is wrapped in a bandage

of glass fabric tape. The lengths of pipe which have

undergone the complete insulation treatment are now being laved bv the contractors in 8-foot deep trenches dug

through the Ancon and Balboa districts from the central pumping plant on

Diablo Road.

Plastic spray is applied automatically.

-/," v| • t

.

The Panama Caxal Review 15

«-• ^£l>
James A. Williams

New Director Named

APPOINTMENT of a 59-year-old tele- phone company executive as a member

of the Board of Directors of the Panama

Canal Company was announced last month by Secretary of the Army Elvis

J. Stahr, jr., the Company stockholder. The new director, James A. Williams,

succeeds C. Owen Smith, a Maine magazine publisher, who resigned from the Board to accept an executive post in the Office of Defense Mobilization. Director Williams is Vice President

in charge of Public Affairs for the New

England Telephone & Telegraph Co. A native of Manchester, Vt., where he was born on August 21, 1902, he now

lives in Milton, Mass., and has offices

in Boston. A graduate of the School of Business

Administration, La Salle College, Phila- delphia, he once served as secretary to Robert Todd Lincoln, son of the Civil War President. He left his position

with Mr. Lincoln to join Bethlehem

Steel Corp. for 5 years before joining

New England Telephone & Telegraph

in 1924/

In addition to his duties with the telephone company, the new director has served as Assistant Director, Office

of Defense Mobilization, Requirements

and Materials; Director, Office of Defense Mobilization for Production;

and, most recently, as Executive Reservist. Office of Defense Mobilization.

Hi also has served as a member of the

Milton, Mass., Town Meeting, and as

ol tin- Democratic Town

! Milton.

Hi- attended his first meeting of the Board ol Directors ol the Panama Canal

Company last month in Washington.

Second Divisa Student

Completes Zone Training

ANOTHER STUDENT from the National Institute of Agriculture in Divisa, Republic of Panama, last month

completed a 10-week period of on-thejob training at Mindi Farm and returned

to his farm home in Chitre prior to renewing his training at the Divisa

institute. Juan Manuel Peralta is entering his 12th year of school this month and,

while at Mindi. voiced the hope that he can obtain a scholarship so he mav

continue his studies and eventuallv

enter the veterinary profession.

Young Peralta worked at virtually

Worth

every phase of Mindi Farm's operation,

including the use of a tractor, milking

machine, bottling plant, and other

duties. Dr. Paul H. Dowell, manager of the farm, said the youth was a very will- ing and adaptable student, intelligent

and alert. Just a year ago, another Divisa stu- dent, Alfredo Orange, spent 2 months

at Mindi in on-the-job training. Both

students were sent to the farm through

a cooperative program between the Divisa institute and the Canal organization.

Juan Peralta gives

Mindi beauty a bath.

Civil Affairs Bureau

Receives Safety Trophy

PRESENTATION ceremonies of the Governor President's Annual Safety

Trophy Award for 1961 were held in the Administration Building at Balboa

Heights on May 1. The trophy was presented by Governor Fleming to the personnel of the

Civil Affairs Bureau through Bureau

Director B. I. Everson. The Civil Affairs personnel earned the trophy by achiev- ing the greatest percentage safety

improvement of any major unit during calendar year 1961. A 76 percent

improvement over its previous 3-year

rate was recorded by the Bureau, the second straight year it has earned

the trophy.

Historic Telegraph Key

Is Used Again

A TELEGRAPH KEY which played a symbolic role in the opening of the Panama Canal to commercial traffic on August 14, 1914, was called into service again last month. President Kennedy

using it to transmit a signal officially opening the Seattle World's Fair. The key, made of gold nuggets from

the Klondike, was used by President

Wilson to set off a blast that officially opened the Panama Canal. It also has been used by other Presidents for similar occasions, including President

Taft, who used it to open the Alaska- Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle on

Jul) 1, 1909.

16 May 4, 1962
K>nowinij

Litterbugs, Beware!

LITTER BUGS in the Canal Zone are

likely to run afoul ot a new regulation

which went into effect May 2 unless they refrain from scattering litter along

Zone highwa) v The new regulation, suggested by the

Pacific Civil Council, is aimed at eliminating the unsightliness and hazards

created by highway litter. It prohibits

throwing any glass, nails, tacks, wire,

cans, paper, garbage, rubbish, trash, refuse, or other potentially hazardous

or defacing material upon any Zone

highway.

Signed on April 2 by then Acting

Governor, W. P. Leber, the regulation

became effective on May 2. Punishment for violation is a fine of not more

than $100 or 30 clays in jail, or both.

In other efforts to reduce litter in Canal Zone communities, refuse receptacles located throughout the Zone are being painted in brighter colors, covers

for them are being readied, and schools

are conducting contests to select antilitter slogans for use on the receptacles.

DO YOU KNOW onetime Panama

Canal pilot Capt. M. W. Baisieux, or where he or his family now are living? Joe Morgan, Adjutant of Elbert S. Waid Post, American Legion, Cristobal,

would like to locate Captain Baisieux

or some member of his family in order

to return a past commander's medal

issued by Elbert S. Waid Post which

carries the following inscription:

"To Capt. M. W. Baisieux for Dis- tinguished Service. E. S. Waid Post No. 2, 193.3." The medal was found in New York

City last year and forwarded to the

local American Legion Post in the hope

that Captain Baisieux might be located through it. Canal records show that Maurice W. Baisieux was a Canal pilot

from October 4, 1927, to June 30, 19.33, and that he was born in San Francisco on August 11, 1890. Anyone with information about Captain Baisieux is urged to contact officials of the Post. THE ISTHMIAN NUMISMATIC

SOCIETY is to conclude its observance

of National Coin Week on May 6 with

a day-long exhibit of rare and unusual

coins at the Panamanian-North Ameri- can Institute in Panama City. The

exhibit was on display in the Canal Zone through May 4.

Panama

Fairs

Rolling

Along

£N l

DBY SEASON is fair season in the Republic of Panama and the Panama

Canal Company, following a practice of several years standing, has participated

in several of the events through invi- tation from the committees in charge.

A total of seven calves from Mindi

Farms have been donated for use as prizes at three different fairs—David, Los Santos, and Chorrera—with three of the seven going to the latter event and

two each to the others. Special photograpic exhibits of Canal operations and

improvement programs also were dis- played at the Los Santos and ChoiTera

fairs. The Los Santos and Chorrera fairs, held last month, were attended by Lt. Gov. W. P. Leber and Governor Fleming,

respectively. The Lieutenant Governor

and Mrs. Leber attended the David Fair. In addition to the official Canal participation in the Chorrera Fair, which

included the loan of some decorative

panels, flags, and a section of bleachers, the Star In A Circle Square Dance Club

Gov. Leber, President Chiari, and

Mindi calf at Los Santos Fair.

presented a program of square and

round dancing and a group of Canal

Zone riders presented a horse show.

This pictorial exhibit of Canalactivities and operations has drawn numerous spectators at fairs.

The Panama Caxal Review 17
ANNIVERSARIES

(On the basis of total Federal Service)

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Raymond George

Clerk

Alcide R. Hau "rn

Police Ppva ENGINEERI

CONSTRUCT^

Conrad O. Beckles Leader Heavy Label HEA

Elvira L. Nurse Superb i.uifrC.eneral Medicine and Surgical

Hospital

MARINE BUREAU

Anthony G. Lynn

Chief Foreman, Marine

aist

UREAU

Operator

TION AND

S BUREAU

Guard Supervisor

Adolphus E. Mapp

Helper Automotive Machinist

CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Patrick F. McDonnell

Police Sergeant Esten J. Scott Police Private James K. Bedsworth

Finance Branch

Superintendent

Miguel B. Picado

Fire Sergeant

J. N. Carrington

Elementary Teacher Principal, Latin American Schools

Sylvia V. McDonald

Senior High Teacher,

Latin American Schools Laura G. de Perez

Senior High Teacher,

Latin American Schools Norman Griffith Truck Driver ENGINEERING AND

CONSTRUCTION BUREAU

Reuben Seidman

Electrician

Felix A. Aviles Joiner HEALTH BUREAU

Robert G. Matheney

Chief, Division of Veterinary

Medicine

Didimo Aponte

Nursing Assistant, Medicine and Surgery

Courtney S. Delmar

Nursing Assistant, Medicine

, ,.,.,-y Isaac O. Edwards

Nursing ' tanl Medicine and

Louisa P. Scarlett Nursing Assistant, Medicine and Mi?

Exier J. Hopkins

Supervisory Accounting

Assistant Pedro Vasquez

Leader Exterminator

Alice E. Suisman

Clerk-Dictating Machine

Transcriber MARINE BUREAU

Oscar O. Brown, Jr. Marine Traffic Controller John L. Fischer Supervisory Clerical Assistant John M. Morrison

Leader Lock Operator

Machinist Donovan I. G

Maintenan

Sidney Lione

Helper Lock Operate

Ernest M. Krueger

Lock Operator N Medardo Marav

Helper Loc

Ernest A. Scj Dec-khan Manuel OlitaiSi Asphalt or Cement Worki

Jerald S. Burke

Stock Control Clerk Pedro Garay Boatman

Rogelio Martinez

Oiler, Floating Plant Joseph Scott Boatman

Charles Blackman

Oiler Jose M. Lopez

Painter, Maintenance

OFFICE

OF THE COMPTROLLER

Julian M. Mountain

System Accountant

SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY

SERVICE BUREAU

Charles M. Nelson Commissary Store Manager

Emmet T. Harper

Commissary Store Manager

Mary B. Franklin Counter Attendant Eunice L. Wittaker Counter Attendant

Luisa E. Scott

Sales Checker, Food Service Mary L. Hunt

Utility Worker

Martin Campos

Storekeeping Clerk

.\ 1 amifl Carci'as ctor

ver Angel Guevara Meat Cutter Mauricio Rodriguez

Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator Harold P. Smith

Service Station Attendant

Luis C. Barrios Heavy Laborer

Ceferino Nino

Garbage Collector Ambrosio Del Cid

Dairy Worker

Alriek A. Campbell

Utility Worker

Panchita C. Graham

Retail Store Sales Checker

Louise E. Cargill

Utility Worker

Lillian M. Bascombe

Sales Clerk Ruperto Jemmott

Clerk Milray L. Barrow

Stock Control Clerk Lenora Johnson

Sales Clerk Rosa M. Diaz

Utility Worker

Evelia Saldarriaga

Retail Store Sales Checker

Joaquin Cedeno

Warehouseman

Antonio Urquilla

Grounds Maintenance

Equipment Operator Pedro F. Perez

Utility Worker

Lela S. Cadogan

Counter Attendant Carmen B. Benjamin

Utility Worker

TRANSPORTATION AND

TERMINALS BUREAU

Anna E. Cab it Supervisory Accounting Clerk Remigio Mendez

Leader Railroad Trackman

Owen N. Lawrence

Helper Automotive Machinist Antonio Carrillo Laborer Howard C. Callender Heavv Truck Driver

Clifford Bocker

Industrial Tractor Operator

George Moore

Helper Liquid Fuels Wharfman

Jose F. Montes

Boiler Tender

18 May 4, 1962
PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS

EMPLOYEES who were promoted or transferred between March 5 and

April 5 are listed below. Within-grade

promotions and job reclassifications are not listed. OFFICE OF THE GOVERNORPRESIDENT

Anna B. Pescod, from Translator (Steno- graphy), Administrative Branch, to Clerical Assistant. INTERNAL SECURITY OFFICE

Elsa E. Watson, from Clerk-Typist, to Security Clerk. ADMINISTRATIVE BRANCH

Earl E. Bennett, Earl H. Jarvis, from Multilith Operator (Trainee) to Multilith Operator, Printing Plant. CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU

Fire Division John R. Lewis, from Firefighter, to Driver- Operator Firefighter. Charles A. Mullings, Nathan B. Thomas,

from Truck Driver, Motor Transportation Division, to Firefighter. Police Division Jacob Decker, Jr., from Signalman, Navigation Division, to Police Private. Ernest T. Blades, from Laborer Cleaner,

Community Services Division, to Detention Guard.

Division of Schools Beverly A. Bonnell, Myma R. Gassel, from

Substitute Teacher, to Elementary and

Secondary School Teacher. Herman O. Mvrie, from Library Assistant,

to Clerk-Typist. Andres Lopez, from Heavy Laborer, to Maintenanceman.

Hamilton E. Atherley, Ira N. Hinkson, from

Laborer Cleaner, to Heavy Laborer. Canal Zone Libraries Alfred C. Bushell, from Clerk, to Procure- ment Clerk. Marguerite G. Arens, from Library Assistant, to Clerical Assistant. ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION

Murray Klipper, from Electrician, to Ins- pector (Electrical Systems), Contract and

Inspection Division. Dredging Division Francesco Viglietti, from Motor Launch

Captain, to Master, Small Tug.

Ramon Castro, Walter C. Gooden, Sted- deus MeFarlane, Cyril A. Warren, from

Launch Operator, to Motor Launch

Captain.

Jose D. Vergara, from Boatman, to Debris

Control Winchman.

Erasmo Gomez, from Seaman, to Floating

Plant Oiler. Richard A. Lindo, from Lint-handler, Locks

Division, to General Helper. Faustino Abrego, Ramon Garcia, from Rail- road Trackman, Railroad Division, to Laborer.

Cecilio Puga, from Laborer, to Helper

Machinist.

Electrical Division Kazimierz Bazan, John L. Mason, from

Electrician, to Senior Operator (Generating Station). Alfred A. Legister, from laborer Cleaner,

to Helper Central Office Repairman.

March 5 through April 5

Maintenance Division

Joslyn C. Duncan, from Painter, to Leader

Painter. Miguel Escobar, from Helper Roofer, to Roofer. Maxwell S. Morgan, from Asphalt or Cement Worker, to Stockman. HEALTH BUREAU

Luis A. Visuete, from Laborer, Community

Services Division, to Heavy-Pest Control

Laborer, Division of Sanitation. Gorgas Hospital

Roy T. High, from Pharmacist, to Supervisory Pharmacist. Helen M. Hanson, from Staff Nurse, to Staff Nurse (Obstetrics!. Sueiying C. Lee, from Staff Nurse, to Staff Nurse (Pediatrics). Olga R. de Henderson, from Clerk, to Elec- trocardiograph Technician. Evelyn M. Spencer, from Salts Clerk. Supply Division, to Nursing Assistant (Medicine and Surgery). Alberto L. Hope, from Counter Attendant. Supply Division, to Housekeeping Aid. Joseph D. Buendia. from Hospital Laborer,

to Ward Service Aid. Coco Solo Hospital

Mary L. Poell, Staff Nurse (Medicine and

Surgery) from Gorgas Hospital.

Cecilia H. Byington, from Staff Nurse, to

Staff Nurse (Medicine and Surgery).

William P. Escoffery, from Stock Control

Clerk, to Stock Control Clerk (Typing). Lorenzo Holder, from Clerk, to File Clerk. MARINE BUREAU

Navigation Division Joseph W. Chamberlain, Louis M. Pascavage, from Towboat or Fern- Master, to Pilot-in-Training.

Thomas C. Francis, Thomas S. Grant, Fitz

R. Spooner, Lucas Scott, Esteban McKay, Leopold H. Anderson, C. A. Sis- nett, Shaphan Jenkins, James W.

Johnson, Aubrey R. Sealey, James V.

Forbes, Ernest H. Webster, Wilfred B. Simon, John Stephens, Reyes Escalona, Ascension Santizo, Simon R. Smith, Marcos M. Waite, Allan A. Smith, Jose Archibold, Winston E. DaCosta, Joseph

R. Smith, Granville U. Gordon, from

Launch Operator, to Motor Launch

Captain.

Gilberto Escobar, from Clerk-Typist, to Supervisory Clerk-Typist.

Osborn C. Robinson, from Deckhand, to Deckhand (Boatswain). Rev N. Blake, Joaquin P. Ruiz, from Deckhand, to Launch Seaman.

Ernesto R. Shepherd, from Launch Seaman,

to Seaman. Edgar R. McCollin. from Utility Worker,

Supply Division, to Heavy Laborer.

Industrial Division Maurice B. Nickel, from Production Engineer, to Chief, Industrial Division. Cristobal L. Joseph, Gabriel Vargas, from

Helper Carpenter, to Maintenanceman

(Boats). Cleveland G. Davis, from General Helper,

Dredging Division, to Helper Pipefitter. Luis A. Fajardo, from Laborer, to Heavy

Laborer. Locks Division Joseph M. Vandergrift, Fred Schwartz,

Fred A. Newhard, Arthur F. Crusey,

John F. Greening, Milton L. Nash, Grace

G. Thomas, Kenneth M. Edwards, William S. McKee, John A. Madison, Genova

J. Gibbs, Kenneth L. Middleton, Eugene

F. Kleasner, John A. Dombrow sky, H. A. Sneckenberger, Oscar Johnson, Harry F. Willenbrock, Adrian W. Webb, Emmett

O. Kiernan, Joseph J. Riley, Richard W.

Abell. Donald P. Hutchinson, from Lead Foreman (Lock Operations), to General Foreman (Lock Operations).

John R. McGlade, from Lock Operator

Machinist, to Leader Lock Operator

Machinist. Theodore F. Babich from Towing Locomotive Operator, to Lock Operator Iron Worker-Welder.

Calvin E. Rrown, from Marine Machinist,

to Lock Operator Machinist.

Stergios J. Garos, Guard, from Supply

Division. Marcos Darkins, Bernardo Frio, from

Helper Lock Operator, to Oiler. Lloyd I. Anthony, Julio Avila, from Line

Handler, to Helper Lock Operator.

OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER

Pauline L. Blais, from Clerk-Typist, to Accounting Technician, Accounting

Division. Frank W. Alberga, from Clerk-Typist, Gorgas Hospital, to Time, Leave and Payroll

Clerk, Payroll and Machine Accounting

Branch. SUPPLY AND COMMUNITY SERVICE

George N. Ateek, from Retail Store Supervisor, to Commissary Store Manager.

Edson B. James, from Lead Foreman Heavy Laborer, to Lead Foreman Gar- bage Collector. Humberto Valencia, Hermogenes Puga,

Eleuterio Grajales, Vicente Lucena, Eloy

Diaz, from Leader Heavy Laborer, to Leader Garbage Collector.

St. Marie L. Lafleur, from Heavy Laborer,

to Warehouseman.

Louis F. J. Babb, from Heavy Laborer, to Scrap Materials Sorter. Nesta H. Bowen, Leroy Davidson, George

A. Foster, Thelma F. Ward, from Utility Worker, to Counter Attendant.

Jesus Becker, from Waiter, to Counter

Attendant. James R. Corinealdi, Ruben G. Cox, from

Package Boy, to Utility Worker.

Ricardo Cameron, from Package Boy, to Laborer Cleaner. Henry G. Fergus, from Laborer Cleaner, to Heavy Laborer.

Brigido Jimenez, from Dairv Worker, to Milker. Victor E. Waite, from Pinsetter, to Utility Worker. TRANSPORTATION AND TERMINALS

Terminals Division Edward B. O'Brien, Jr., from Marine Ter- minal Superintendent (Superintendent.

Terminals Division), to Terminal Operations Superintendent (Superintendent, Terminals Division). Thomas J. Burbine, from Service Center

Supervisor, Supply Division, to Guard

Supervisor.

Lenord A. Bishop, Gouldbourn Lewis,

Winston A. Nicholson, Stephen E. Edwards, Harry A. Dawkins, Oscar R. James. Frank A. Reynolds, Vernal

Wright, Gerald Charles, Carlos Diaz,

from Clerk Checker, to Cargo Checker. Tomas Ruiz, from Stevedore, to Cargo

Checker. (See p. 20)

The Panama Canal Review 19
(Continued from />. 19)

Austin N. Henriques, Livingston Nolan,

from Dock Worker, to Cargo Marker. Pedro A. Diaz, Gonzalo Laguna, Augusto

Moreira, from Stevedore, to Winchman.

Manuel A. Arauz, Gil Bonilla, Andres

Chavez, David Gomez, Fabrieio E. Gonzalez, Martin Henriquez, Mariano Nieto,

Luciano Perez , Juan Ramos, Sotero

Salazar, Gumersindo L. Urefia, Ernesto

C. Victoria, from Dock Worker, to Stevedore.Railroad Division Enrique Riviere, Faustino Garrido, Carlos

A. Chen, Antonio Carrillo, Francisco

Paredes, Avelino Picota, Ildefonso Rosas.

Juli, in Lasso, Jeronimo Alguedo, from

Laborer, to Heavy Laborer. Motor Transportation Division Dona T. Craig, from Clerk-Typist, Office of General Manager, Supply Division, to Accounting Clerk. Simon J. Bryce, from Leader Automotive

Equipment Serviceman, to Leader Tire

Rebuilder.

Clifford Lewis, from Deckhand, Navigation

Division, to Chauffeur. Donald O. Zobel, from Automotive Equip- ment Serviceman, to Truck Driver

Agustin Martinez, Wilfred C. Warner,

Truck Driver, from Supply Division. Gordon B. Gordon, from Utility Worker,

Supply Division, to Warehouseman.

OTHER PROMOTIONS

PROMOTIONS which did not involve

changes of title follow: John E. Fisher, Chief, Accounting Policies and Procedures Staff, Office of the

Comptroller.

Edwin F. Rigby, General Supply Officer, Supply Division. Thomas G. Toda, Structural Engineer,

Engineering Division. Harvey E. Beall, Thomas J. Dwyer, James

V. Higgins, Jr., Leon T. Williams, Admeasurer, Navigation Division. Henry B. De Voll, Marine Traffic Controller, Navigation Division. Edna B. Campbell, Staff Nurse (Operating

Room), Coco Solo Hospital. Catherine M. Brown, Librarian, Canal Zone Libraries. Luther M. Norwood, Service Center Supervisor, Supply Division. Ruth P. Huldtquist, Accounting Clerk, Navigation Division. Constance C. Nelson, Clerk-Stenographer,

Navigation Division. Ruth R. Beck, Clerk, Coco Solo Hospital. Gabriel A. Riemers, Chief Engineer, Towboat or Ferry, Navigation Division. Walter G. Laurie, Gordon H. Thompson,

Chief Foreman, Fuel Operations, Terminals Division. Roy W. Perkins, Maxwell C. Sanders,

Genera] foreman, Fuel Operations, Terminals Division. Wilbur J. Doekery, Worden E. French,

Parker P. Hanna, Irvin E. Krapfl, Lead

Foreman, Fuel Operations, Terminals

Division. Cyril D. Atherley, Supervisory Clerk-Typist,

Navigation Division. Kenneth A. McClaren, Clerk-Typist, Navigation Division. Marquesa II. Francis, Cook, Coco Solo,

Lerense L. Frivol, Baker, Supply Division. lonicam, Sales Clerk. Supplj

Divi Alice Gooden, Utility Worker, Supply

Di\ i

SAFETY

Kids Will Eat

the Darndest Things

IF A BABY had his way his diet might

include buttons, bones, marbles, keys,

coins, rings, toys, and a conglomeration

of other indigestible items youngsters seem to have a passionate appetite for. Left to its own devices, a baby may

forage all kinds of inedible goodies

whicn all too often become stuck in his throat or lungs.

Take for example, Linda, 1 year old. For some time her mother couldn't get

her to eat solid food. It just wouldn't go down. No wonder. A doctor's x-ray showed that for 11 months a ring had

been lodged in her throat. Tommy had a favorite little green

plastic toy he liked to suck on. One day

it went down his throat and although

a pediatrician worked for hours he

couldn't locate it. Tommy died. Then there was a little girl who

swallowed a hatpin while she was dress- ing her doll. Why? Because she was

holding the pin in her mouth the way

her mother did

Children just can't be trusted with

small objects. And danger is not simpl)

from swallowing; it is also from inhalation into the lungs. For example, sup- pose you give a baby a piece of candy

containing a whole peanut. He will suck

the candy until it is gone and only the peanut remains in his mouth. Then he

will spit the peanut out, swallow it whole, or choke on it. If he does the

latter, he is likely to inhale the nut,

which will block his air passage or go

into his lungs. A number of children die each year from this cause. Objects children most frequently consume are safety pins, tacks, peanuts, small toys, seeds, buttons, beads,

and coins. Follow these precautions:

1. Don't let your child eat nuts or candy bars with nuts until after he or she is 5 years of age.

2. Don't let a young child chew on

pencils, toothpicks, or other wooden

objects because splinters from them can be inhaled or ingested.

3. Before you place a baby on the

floor to play, inspect the area for small

objects.

4. Never leave purses, sewing baskets, or such containers within reach

of babies.

5. Never allow children to play with

toys small enough for them to swallow

or with toys having loose or detachable

parts, such as eyes on animals or bells on pull toys.

If, in spite of precautions—or from

lack of them—your child chokes on a foreign object, turn him upside down

and slap him gentlv on the back. If this doesn't dislodge the object take the

child to the hospital immediately.

Never try to remove the object from

his throat with your fingers; you may

push it down into the windpipe. And

don't try to make the child vomit. This

may only complicate the situation. Be Careful - Not a Statistic —ACCIDENTSFOR

THIS MONTH

AND

THIS YEAR

MARCH

ALL UNITS

YEAR TO DATE

FIRST AID

CASES

•62 61 306 314(75)

709 1340(698)

DISABLING

INJURIES

•62 '61 10 15

34

DAYS

LOST

•62 '61 319 317321

41(4) 6S79 978 58) (Locks Overhaul Injuries included In total.

20 May 4, 1962
CANAL

HISTORY

50 Years Ago

CONCRETE WORK at Gatun Locks was so near completion 50 years ago this month that the steel forms used in the

construction of the walls of the locks were offered for sale and the rock- crushing plant at Portobelo, which supplied stone for the concrete, was closed. The month of Mav 1912 also marked

the end of 8 years of Canal construction work on the part of the U.S. Government. The Panama Canal Record

pointed out that Canal work on the Isth- mus started on May 4, 1904, but that the first 3 years were largely devoted

to organizing a work force, improving

sanitary conditions, and developing

plans for excavation and construction

of the waterway.

The dry season ended in May 1912 was the driest on record and the potable

water supply of the Canal Zone was subjected to an unprecedented strain. Bv

the middle of the month, however, one

of the heaviest rainfalls on record fell in the Ancon area, producing a total of 7.05 inches of rain during a 5%-hour

period.

25 Years Ago

A BILL authorizing the Panama Rail- road to sell certain lands in Colon at prices to be fixed bv appraisal was

passed bv the U.S. House of Representatives. Canal Zone authorities said the

legislation was to permit implementation of the announced U.S. intention

to dispose of real estate holdings of a commercial nature in territory under Panama's jurisdiction.

Pan American Airways announced

that a new 1-day air service would be

RETIREMENTS

RETIREMENT certificates were pre- sented at the end of March to the employees listed below, with their positions at time of retirement and years of Canal service. Harry Akers, General Foreman Carman,

Railroad Division; 32 years, 11 months,

1 clay. William H. Anderson, Lead Foreman, Rail- road Division; 15 years, 2 months, 2 days.

Hermogenes I. Avila D., Stevedore, Terminals Division; 22 years, 2 months, 25 days.

William S. Brown, Leader Stevedore, Terminals Division; 22 years, 5 months, 25 days. Heriberto Cabeza, Stevedore, Terminals

Division; 17 years, 5 months, 5 days.

Joseph N. Coote, Warehouseman, Supply

Division; 18 years, 11 months, 6 days.

Clayton Cummings, Stockman, Mainte- nance Division; 46 years, 6 months,

17 days. Nicolas Estrada, Meteorological Aid, Electrical Division; 36 years, 4 months.

17 days.

Cupertino Garrido, Lead Foreman, Dredging Division; 41 years, 7 months, 7 days.

Roger C. Hackett, Dean, Canal Zone Junior

College, Division of Schools; 31 years. 6 months. Joseph Holder, Leader Seaman, Dredging

Division; 48 years, 2 months.

Albert W. Howard, Laborer, Terminals

Division; 45 years, 3 months, 4 days. Ernest James, Guard, Navigation Division; 38 years, 1 month, 12 days.

Julius Joseph, Chauffeur, Motor Transportation Division; 28 years, 6 months,

2 days.

Alfred I. Lavergneau, Truck Driver, Motor

Transportation Division; 32 years,

1 month, 10 daj s. Emerish MeKenzie, Leader Seaman, Dredging Division; 39 years, 10 months, 1 day.

Jose Martinez, Seaman, Dredging Division; 31 years, 8 months, 21 days.

Manuel A. Mendez, Stevedore, Terminals

Division; 14 years, 2 months, 2 days.

Thomas Palmer, Helper, Lock Operator, Locks Division; 22 years, 3 months,

15 days.

Joseph W. Prescod, Roofer, Maintenance

Division; 40 years, 5 months, 15 days. Natividad Rangel L., Wharfman, Terminals

Division; 20 years, 5 months, 11 days.

Roy D. Reece, Assistant Electrical Engineer, Electrical Division; 32 years,

1 month, 13 days.

Manuel Renteria, Guard, Panama Local Agency; 17 years, 20 days. Charles C. Rogers, Helper Electrician. Locks Division; 28 vears, 7 months,

29 days. Victor Ruiz, Garbage Collector, Community

Services Division; 30 years, 26 days.

Barbino Sanchez, Boatman, Locks Division; 34 years, 9 months, 24 days.

Fitz N. Sandiford, Chauffeur. Motor Transportation Division; 42 vears, 2 months, 9 days. Jose Schmidt, Laborer Cleaner, Terminals

Division; 21 years, 8 months, 26 days.

Zedekiah E. Smith, Guard, Motor Transportation Division; 47 years, 8 months, 3 days.

Headley A. Thompson, Deckhand, Navigation Division; 33 years, 9 months,

3 days.

W. Van Underwood, Leader Lock Operator, Locks Division; 27 years, 10 months, 24 days.

started soon between Panama and

Miami, and Maj. Gen. Oscar Westover,

Chief of the Armv Air Corps, told Congress that Hawaii, the Philippines, and

the Canal Zone would be easy targets

for invading air fleets due to the short- age and obsolescence of U.S. Air Corps planes.

The Board of Directors of the Pan- ama Railroad accepted a bid of $12,120,000 submitted by the Bethle- hem Shipbuilding Coqa. for construction of three modern passenger and

freight ships which were to replace the four Panama Railroad ships then

in operation.

10 Years Ago

THE GREATEST shift of high Canal

personnel since 1907 occurred 10 vears ago as the result of retirements and

changes of assignment. For the first time since the Canal organization was

formed, the two highest officials left the organization at the same time. Gov.

F. K. Newcomer departed earlv in Mav

1952 and Lt. Gov. Herbert D. Vogel

left at the end of the month to become

division engineer of the Southwest

Division, Corps of Engineers.

During the same month, three bureau

directors retired or left the service. Thev were Maj. Gen. G. W. Rice, Health

Director; William H. Dunlop, Finance

Director; and Capt. Robert M. Peacher. Marine Director. It also was announced

that Lindsley H. Noble, the Comptroller of the Atomic Energy Commission,

had accepted the appointment to the new job of Comptroller of the Panama

Canal Company.

The nomination bv President Truman

of Brig. Gen. John S. Sevbold as Governor of the Canal Zone was approved

by the Senate. One Year Ago

ELVIS J. STAHR, jr., Secretary of the Army, announced appointment of a new

Board of Directors for the Panama

Canal Company a year ago, shortly before they were to meet on the Isthmus. The SS Ancon arrived in New

Orleans on May 1 to inaugurate service on the new and shorter run between

the Zone and the United States. The

Ancon soon was to be succeeded bv

the Cristobal, which was undergoing

overhaul in New York.

The Panama Canal Review 21
TRAFFIC MOVEMENT OVER MAIN TRADE ROUTES

The following table shows the number of transits of large, commercial vessels (300 net

tons or over) segregated into eight main trade routes:
Hotei Ship Due

THE SHAW SAYILL LINE'S 700-foot,

26,463-ton motorship Dominion Monarch, which is to be used as a floating hotel during the Seattle World's Fair, is expected to arrive at the Canal at the end of Mav on her way to Seattle from London.

Since her regular run has been

between London and Australia via the Suez Canal, this will be the vessel's

first transit of the Isthmian waterway.

She will arrive here, however, with

neither passengers nor cargo. According

to W. Andrews & Co., agents for Shaw

Savill, the ship probably will be sold for scrap after she has completed her

assignment at the fair.

Tanker Midbody Transits

AN UNUSUAL CUSTOMER for the Canal during April was the midbody for a T-2 tanker, which was being towed

from Japan, where it was built, to Bal- timore, where it is to be fitted to the two ends of a T-2 tanker as part of a capacity enlarging process called "jumbo-izing."

The midbodv was being towed by

the recenth -built Japanese tug Nissho

Mam and was to arrive at Balboa about

April 28. The tanker midsection, nearly

as large as an ordinary ship, weighs

13,500 tons, is 415 feet long, and has a beam of 75 feet. The tug taking the midsection to Baltimore is an ocean-going craft with

a crew of 37 men. Five crew members

are being carried aboard the tow. This

is the second midsection to make the Canal transit in the past year, another one having made the northbound transit

in July 1961. Norton, Lilly & Co., act

as agents for the tugs and their tows

at the Canal. New Cruise Season

WITH THE 1961-62 winter cruise season hardlv finished, C. B. Fenton &

Co., Inc., Isthmian agents for Norwegian

America Line, reports that the -motor

vessel Oslofjord will arrive at Cristobal October 1 on her autumn cruise around

the world. She will berth in Balboa

during the afternoon and leave later that night en route to Los Angeles,

Honolulu, and Hong Kong.

During the 83-day cruise, the Oslofjord will cover 26,027 miles and visit 18 ports, including Bangkok, Singapore,

Colombo, Bombay, Aden, Suez, Port

Said, Haifa, Naples, Villefranche, and

Tangier, as well as the Canal and New

York, where the cruise ends.

CANAL TRANSITS — COMMERCIAL AND U. S. GOVERNMENT
s> HIPPING

MORE CARGO moved through the Panama Canal in March than during any previous month in the history of

tlic waterway. Some 6,200,000 tons of cargo were shipped through aboard

980 commercial vessels, while approximately 5,560 passengers made the

transit on 204 ships.

Exactly how much do these ships,

and all others served by the Canal, pay

for the cost-saving transit from oceanto-ocean? It depends on their capacity.

The revenue-producing capacity of each ship using the Canal is determined

in accordance with the Rules for the Measurement of Vessels for the Panama

Canal, as prescribed by the President

of the United States. The Rules for Measurement state that tolls on merchant vessels. Army

and Navy transports, colliers, hospital

ships, supply ships, and yachts shall be

based on the net vessel-tons of actual earning capacity. This tolls-paying, or earning, capacity is known as "Panama

Canal net tonnage," which is established at the rate of 1 ton for each

100 cubic feet of enclosed, revenue- producing space aboard the vessel. Tolls on fighting ships, floating drydoeks, and

dredge's are computed on the basis of displacement tonnage, which is a weight

measurement determined by the ton- nage of water "displaced" by the vessel. When any ship, other than those charged on a displacement tonnage

basis, is carrying any cargo and or passengers, whether fully laden or only

partially laden, the vessel is charged

90 cents per ton for its entire Panama

Canal net tonnage. If the ship is in ballast, with no cargo and or passengers

aboard, the charge is 72 cents for each

Panama Canal net ton. The vessels charged on a displacement-ton basis pa) 50 cents tor each displacement ton. These rates apply equally to the ships

of all nations except vessels owned by

the ( Jovernment of the Republic of Panama. Colombian naval vessels, those

transiting for repairs or drydocking,

and floating equipment oi the Canal

organization. These transit free. To establish the amount of Panama

Canal iu I tonnage for any vessel. Canal

admeasurers go aboard, tape measure

in hand, and measure the total capacity

ol the vessel. The exact cubical contents "t all space below the uppermost

full-length deck and all permanently

covered and closed-in spaces on or

TRANSITS BY OCEAN-GOING

VESSELS IN MARCH

1961 196? Commercial 937 980

U.S. Government 18 15

Fre. 5 in

["otal 960 1.(105 TOLLS"

Co. ercial $4,728,204 $5,099,974

U.S. Government. 103,170 L00.929

Total $4,831,374 $5,200,903

CARGO00

Commercial 5.676.560 6.200,254

U.S. Government. 104,023 87,543

Total 5.780,583 6,287,797

'includes tolls on all vessels, ocean-gom^ and small.

•• Cargo figures are in long tons.

above the uppermost full-length deck

are computed. These, minus some

deductions, determine the Panama

Canal gross tonnage.

From the gross tonnage thus established, the admeasurers subtract all space used for navigation and operation

of the ship, all ballast space, all space devoted to living quarters for the officers and crew, all space occupied by the engineroom and propelling machinery,

and, if it is a passenger vessel, all public rooms. In all ships propelled by power

—and most of them are these days—an

additional deduction equal to 75 per- cent of the space devoted to propelling

machinery also is deducted. The gross tonnage, minus these deductions, deter- mines the Panama Canal net tonnage,

on which tolls are assessed. Each ship which arrives at the

Canal for its first transit is subjected

to a complete measurement by the admeasurers. The Panama Canal net tonnage thus obtained is used thereafter

for computation of tolls on each transit, unless the vessel undergoes structural

alterations. After such alterations, she must be remeasured.

There are marked differences in the revenue-producing capacity of various types of ships—even when their exterior dimensions are similar. The 71.5-foot passenger ship Canada

has a Panama Canal gross tonnage of 36,185 tons. Public rooms, propelling

power space, quarters for her large crew, and other allowable deductions

brings her net tonnage down to 16,221,

however, or less than 4.5 percent of her gross. The 736-foot tanker World Glory,

although longer than the Caronia, has

a gross tonnage of 29,532, or some

6,653 less than the passenger vessel. Rut because the World Glory has far

less space which is deductible, her Pan- ama Canal net tonnage is 23,713, or more than 70 percent of her gross and some 7,492 more than the Caronia.

The ore carrier Dynamic, 8 feet longer than the World Glory and 29 feet longer than the Caronia. has a gross ton- nage of 30,881, considerably under the passenger vessel but slightly higher

than the tanker, but her actual cargo

space is equal to only 11,928 Panama

Canal net tons, less than either of the other two vessels.

OCEAN-GOING TRANSITS

THROUGH PANAMA CANAL




UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

3 1262 07150 0390