FAA-S-8081-12B

U.S. Department with Changes 1 & 2 

of Transportation 

Federal Aviation 

Administration

COMMERCIAL PILOT

Practical Test Standards 

for

AIRPLANE

(SEL, MEL, SES, MES) 

August 2002 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591

COMMERCIAL PILOT 

AIRPLANE

Practical Test Standards 

2002 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591 

FAA-S-8081-12B

NOTE 

Material in FAA-S-8081-12B will be effective August 1, 2002. All 

previous editions of the Commercial Pilot—Airplane Practical Test 

Standards will be obsolete as of this date. 
Record of Changes 

Change 1 dated 2/22/08 

Introduction 

• Page 9, changed to reflect 400’ instead of 200’ as the minimum altitude 

for simulated engine failures. 

Change 2 dated 2/03/09 

Introduction 

• Page 7, changed to reflect Notice 8000.331 (inactive, but can be found 

at http://fsims.avs.faa.gov), Airplanes Equipped with Retractable 

Landing Gear, Flaps, and FADEC Meet the Definition of a Complex 

Airplane. 
FAA-S-8081-12B

FOREWORD

The Commercial Pilot—Airplane Practical Test Standards (PTS) book has 

been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish 

the standards for commercial pilot certification practical tests for the 

airplane category, single-engine land and sea; and multiengine land and 

sea classes. FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners shall conduct 

practical tests in compliance with these standards. Flight instructors and 

applicants should find these standards helpful during training and when 

preparing for the practical test. 

/s/ 4/23/2002 

 

Joseph K. Tintera, Manager 

Regulatory Support Division 

Flight Standards Service 

i FAA-S-8081-12B

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................1

General Information .....................................................................1

Practical Test Standards Concept ...............................................2

Practical Test Book Description ...................................................2

Practical Test Standards Description...........................................2

Use of the Practical Test Standards Book ...................................4

Special Emphasis Areas ..............................................................5

Removal of the “Airplane Multiengine VFR Only” Limitation ........5

Removal of the “Limited to Center Thrust” Limitation...................6

Commercial Pilot—Airplane Practical Test Prerequisites ............6

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test...............7

Use of FAA-Approved Flight Simulator or Flight Training

 Device ........................................................................................7

Flight Instructor Responsibility .....................................................8

Examiner Responsibility...............................................................9

Satisfactory Performance...........................................................10

Unsatisfactory Performance.......................................................10

Crew Resource Management (CRM).........................................11

Applicant’s Use of Checklists.....................................................11

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests.................................11

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls .........................................12

Metric Conversion Initiative........................................................12

SECTION 1: COMMERCIAL PILOT AIRPLANE—SINGLE-ENGINE

LAND AND SINGLE-ENGINE SEA

CONTENTS ...............................................................................1-i

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE: AIRPLANE

 SINGLE-ENGINE LAND .........................................................1-v

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE: AIRPLANE

 SINGLE-ENGINE SEA..........................................................1-vii

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST .....................1-ix

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST.......................1-xi

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION ....................................... 1-1

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES........................................ 1-7

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS .... 1-10

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS.......... 1-12

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS................................. 1-23

VI GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVER........................ 1-25
FAA-S-8081-12B ii

VII. NAVIGATION .............................................................. 1-26

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS..................................... 1-28

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS..................................... 1-32

X. HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS ................................ 1-34

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES ................................... 1-35

APPENDIX 1—TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT

TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT ............. Appendix 1-1

USE OF CHART....................................................... Appendix 1-1

FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVEL................... Appendix 1-3

SECTION 2: COMMERCIAL PILOT AIRPLANE—MULTIENGINE

LAND AND MULTIENGINE SEA

CONTENTS............................................................................... 2-i

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE: AIRPLANE

 MULTIENGINE LAND ............................................................ 2-v

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE: AIRPLANE

 MULTIENGINE SEA..............................................................2-vii

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST .....................2-ix

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST.......................2-xi

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION ....................................... 2-1

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES........................................ 2-8

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS..... 2-11

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS.......... 2-13

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER ................................... 2-22

VI. NAVIGATION .............................................................. 2-23

VII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS..................................... 2-25

VIII EMERGENCY OPERATIONS..................................... 2-28

IX. HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS ................................ 2-33

X. MULTIENGINE OPERATIONS ................................... 2-34

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES ................................... 2-38

APPENDIX 2—TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT

TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT ............. Appendix 2-1

USE OF CHART....................................................... Appendix 2-1

FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVEL................... Appendix 2-3
1 FAA-S-8081-12B

INTRODUCTION 

General Information 

The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration 

(FAA) has developed this practical test book as the standard that shall 

be used by FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners when 

conducting commercial pilot—airplane practical tests. Flight instructors 

are expected to use this book when preparing applicants for practical 

tests. Applicants should be familiar with this book and refer to these 

standards during their training. 

Information considered directive in nature is described in this practical 

test book in terms, such as “shall” and “must” indicating the actions are 

mandatory. Guidance information is described in terms, such as 

“should” and “may” indicating the actions are desirable or permissive, 

but not mandatory. 

The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by 

many individuals and organizations throughout the aviation community 

who contributed their time and talent in assisting with the revision of 

these practical test standards. 

This practical test standard may be downloaded from the Regulatory 

Support Division’s, AFS-600, web site at http://afs600.faa.gov. 

Subsequent changes to this standard, in accordance with AC 60-27, 

Announcement of Availability: Changes to Practical Test Standards, will 

also be available on AFS-600’s web site and then later incorporated into a 

printed revision. 

This publication can be purchased from the Superintendent of 

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. 

Comments regarding this publication should be sent to: 

 U.S. Department of Transportation 

 Federal Aviation Administration 

 Flight Standards Service 

 Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630 

 P.O. Box 25082 

 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 
FAA-S-8081-12B 2

Practical Test Standard Concept

Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61 specifies 

the AREAS OF OPERATION in which knowledge and skill must be 

demonstrated by the applicant before the issuance of a commercial pilot 

certificate or rating. The CFRs provide the flexibility to permit the FAA to 

publish practical test standards containing the AREAS OF OPERATION 

and specific TASKs in which pilot competency shall be demonstrated. 

The FAA shall revise this book whenever it is determined that changes 

are needed in the interest of safety. Adherence to the provisions of 

the regulations and the practical test standards is mandatory for 

the evaluation of commercial pilot applicants.

Practical Test Book Description 

This test book contains the following Commercial Pilot—Airplane 

Practical Test Standards: 

Section 1 Airplane—Single-Engine Land and Sea 

 Section 2 Airplane—Multiengine Land and Sea 

The Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards—Airplane includes the 

AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs for the issuance of an initial 

commercial pilot certificate and for the addition of category ratings 

and/or class ratings to that certificate. 

Practical Test Standards Description

AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test arranged in a 

logical sequence within each standard. They begin with Preflight 

Preparation and end with Postflight Procedures. The examiner, 

however, may conduct the practical test in any sequence that will result 

in a complete and efficient test; however, the ground portion of the 

practical test shall be accomplished before the flight portion.

TASKs are titles of knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers 

appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. The abbreviation(s) within 

parentheses immediately following a TASK refer to the category and/or 

class aircraft appropriate to that TASK. The meaning of each abbreviation 

is as follows. 

ASEL Airplane—Single-Engine Land 

AMEL Airplane—Multiengine Land 

ASES Airplane—Single-Engine Sea 

AMES Airplane—Multiengine Sea 

NOTE: When administering a test based on sections 1 and 2 of this PTS, 

the TASKs appropriate to the class airplane (ASEL, ASES, AMEL, or 

AMES) used for the test shall be included in the plan of action. The 

absence of a class indicates the TASK is for all classes. NOTE is used to 
3 FAA-S-8081-12B

emphasize special considerations required in the AREA OF 

OPERATION or TASK. 

REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK. 

Descriptions of TASKs are not included in these standards because this 

information can be found in the current issue of the listed reference. 

Publications other than those listed may be used for references if their 

content conveys substantially the same meaning as the referenced 

publications. 

These practical test standards are based on the following references. 

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, 

 Rebuilding, and Alteration 

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and 

 Ground Instructors 

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules 

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather 

AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services 

AC 61-23/ 

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge 

AC 61-65 Certification: Pilots and Flight Instructors 

AC 61-67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training. 

AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation 

AC 90-48 Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance 

AC 90-66 Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and 

 Practices for Aeronautical Operations At 

 Airports Without Operating Control Towers. 

AC 91-69 Seaplane Safety for FAR Part 91 Operations 

AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training 

FAA-H-8083-1 Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-3 Airplane Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-15 Instrument Flying Handbook 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

AFD Airport Facility Directory 

NOTAMs Notices to Airmen 

Other Pilot Operating Handbook 

 FAA-Approved Flight Manual 

 Navigation Charts 

 Seaplane Supplement 
FAA-S-8081-12B 4

The Objective lists the elements that must be satisfactorily performed to 

demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective includes: 

1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do; 

2. conditions under which the TASK is to be performed; and 

3. acceptable performance standards. 

Use of the Practical Test Standards Book

The FAA requires that all commercial pilot practical tests be conducted 

in accordance with the appropriate commercial practical test standards 

and the policies set forth in the INTRODUCTION. Applicants shall be 

evaluated in ALL TASKs included in each AREA OF OPERATION of 

the appropriate practical test standard, unless otherwise noted. 

An applicant, who holds at least a commercial pilot certificate seeking 

an additional airplane category rating and/or class rating at the 

commercial pilot level, shall be evaluated in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and TASKs listed in the Additional Rating Task Table. At 

the discretion of the examiner, an evaluation of the applicant’s 

competence in the remaining AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs may 

be conducted. 

If the applicant holds two or more category or class ratings at least at 

the commercial level, and the ratings table indicates differing required 

TASKs, the “least restrictive” entry applies. For example, if “ALL” and 

“NONE” are indicated for one AREA OF OPERATION, the “NONE” 

entry applies. If “B” and “B, C” are indicated, the “B” entry applies. 

In preparation for each practical test, the examiner shall develop a 

written “plan of action.” The “plan of action” shall include all TASKs in 

each AREA OF OPERATION, unless noted otherwise. If the elements 

in one TASK have already been evaluated in another TASK, they need 

not be repeated. For example, the “plan of action” need not include 

evaluating the applicant on complying with markings, signals, and 

clearances at the end of the flight, if that element was sufficiently 

observed at the beginning of the flight. Any TASK selected for 

evaluation during a practical test shall be evaluated in its entirety.

The examiner is not required to follow the precise order in which the 

AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs appear in this book. The 

examiner may change the sequence or combine TASKs with similar 

Objectives to have an orderly and efficient flow of the practical test. For 

example, Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals may be 

combined with Traffic Patterns. The examiner’s “plan of action” shall 

include the order and combination of TASKs to be demonstrated by the 

applicant in a manner that will result in an efficient and valid test. 

The examiner is expected to use good judgment in the performance of 

simulated emergency procedures. The use of the safest means for 

simulation is expected. Consideration must be given to local conditions, 

both meteorological and topographical, at the time of the test, as well as 
5 FAA-S-8081-12B

the applicant’s workload, and the condition of the aircraft used. If the 

procedure being evaluated would jeopardize safety, it is expected that 

the applicant will simulate that portion of the maneuver. 

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners shall place special emphasis upon areas of aircraft 

operations considered critical to flight safety. Among these are: 

1. positive aircraft control; 

2. positive exchange of the flight controls procedure (who is flying 

the airplane); 

3. stall/spin awareness; 

4. collision avoidance; 

5. wake turbulence avoidance; 

6. Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO); 

7. runway incursion avoidance; 

8. controlled flight into terrain (CFIT); 

9. aeronautical decision making (ADM); 

10. checklist usage; and 

11. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical 

test. 

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated 

during the practical test. In all instances, the applicant’s actions will 

relate to the complete situation.

Removal of the “Airplane Multiengine VFR Only” Limitation 

The removal of the “Airplane Multiengine VFR Only” limitation, at the 

commercial pilot certificate level, requires an applicant to satisfactorily 

perform the following AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs from the 

commercial AMEL and AMES PTS in a multiengine airplane that has a 

manufacturer’s published VMC speed. 

AREA OF OPERATION X: MULTIENGINE OPERATIONS 

 

TASK C: ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (By Reference to 

Instruments) 

TASK D: INSTRUMENT APPROACH—ONE ENGINE 

INOPERATIVE (By Reference to Instruments) 

Removal of the “Limited to Center Thrust” Limitation 

The removal of the “Limited to Center Thrust” limitation at the 

commercial pilot certificate level requires an applicant to satisfactorily 

perform the following AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKs from the 

commercial AMEL and AMES PTS in a multiengine airplane that has a 

manufacturer’s published VMC speed. 
FAA-S-8081-12B 6

AREA OF OPERATION I: PREFLIGHT PREPARTATION 

 

 TASK H: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT-ENGINE INOPERATIVE 

AREA OF OPERATION X: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

 

 TASK B: ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF BEFORE VMC

(SIMULATED) 

 TASK C: ENGINE FAILURE AFTER LIFT-OFF (SIMULATED) 

 TASK D: APPROACH AND LANDING WITH AN INOPERATIVE 

ENGINE (SIMULATED) 

AREA OF OPERATION XI: MULTIENGINE OPERATIONS 

 

 TASK A: MANEUVERING WITH ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE 

 TASK B: VMC DEMONSTRATION 

Commercial Pilot—Airplane Practical Test Prerequisites

An applicant for the Commercial Pilot—Airplane Practical Test is 

required by 14 CFR part 61 to: 

1. be at least 18 years of age; 

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English 

language. If there is a doubt, use AC 60-28, English Language 

Skill Standards; 

3. possess a private pilot certificate with an airplane rating, if a 

commercial pilot certificate with an airplane rating is sought, or 

meet the flight experience required for a private pilot certificate 

(airplane rating) and pass the private airplane knowledge and 

practical test; 

4. possess an instrument rating (airplane) or the following limitation 

shall be placed on the commercial pilot certificate: “Carrying 

passengers in airplanes for hire is prohibited at night or on 

cross-country flights of more than 50 nautical miles;” 

5. have passed the appropriate commercial pilot knowledge test 

since the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which 

he or she takes the practical test; 

6. have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and 

obtained the aeronautical experience prescribed; 
7 FAA-S-8081-12B

Change 2 (dated 2/3/09) 

7. possess at least a current third class medical certificate; 

8. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying 

that the applicant has received and logged training time within 

60 days preceding the date of application in preparation for the 

practical test, and is prepared for the practical test; and 

9. also have an endorsement certifying that the applicant has 

demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in 

which the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test. 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test

The commercial pilot—airplane applicant is required by 14 CFR section 

61.45, to provide an airworthy, certificated airplane for use during the 

practical test. This section further requires that the aircraft must: 

1. be of U.S., foreign or military registry of the same category, 

class, and type, if applicable, for the certificate and/or rating for 

which the applicant is applying; 

2. have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided for in 

14 CFR section 61.45(c) and (e); 

3. be capable of performing all AREAS OF OPERATION 

appropriate to the rating sought and have no operating 

limitations which prohibit its use in any of the AREAS OF 

OPERATION required for the practical test; and 

4. be a complex airplane furnished by the applicant, unless the 

applicant currently holds a commercial pilot certificate with a 

single-engine or multiengine class rating as appropriate, for the 

performance of takeoffs, landings, and appropriate emergency 

procedures. A complex landplane is one having a retractable 

landing gear, flaps, and controllable propeller. A complex 

seaplane is one having flaps, floats, and controllable propeller. 

Airplanes equipped with a full authority digital engine control 

(FADEC) system are considered to have a controllable 

propeller. 

Use of FAA-Approved Flight Simulator or Flight Training 

Device 

An airman applicant for commercial pilot—airplane certification may be 

authorized to use an FAA-qualified and approved flight simulator or 

flight training device, to complete certain flight TASK requirements listed 

in this practical test standard. 
FAA-S-8081-12B 8

An airman applicant seeking an added rating to a commercial certificate 

may also use a qualified and approved flight simulator or flight training 

device to complete the flight task requirements in accordance with 

Appendix 1 and 2 of these practical test standards. These appendices 

should be consulted to identify which flight TASKs may be 

accomplished in an approved flight simulator or flight training device. 

The level of flight simulator or flight training device required for each 

maneuver or procedure will also be found in the appropriate appendix. 

An appropriate class airplane is required to complete the remaining 

flight TASKs for certification. 

When flight TASKs are accomplished in an aircraft, certain TASK 

elements may be accomplished through “simulated” actions in the 

interest of safety and practicality, but when accomplished in a flight 

simulator or flight training device, these same actions would not be 

“simulated.” For example, when in an aircraft, a simulated engine fire 

may be addressed by retarding the throttle to idle, simulating the 

shutdown of the engine, simulating the discharge of the fire suppression 

agent, if applicable, simulating the disconnect of associated electrical, 

hydraulic, and pneumatics systems, etc. However, when the same 

emergency condition is addressed in a flight simulator or flight training 

device, all TASK elements must be accomplished as would be expected 

under actual circumstances. 

Similarly, safety of flight precautions taken in the aircraft for the 

accomplishment of a specific maneuver or procedure (such as limiting 

altitude in an approach to stall or setting maximum airspeed for an 

engine failure expected to result in a rejected takeoff) need not be taken 

when a flight simulator or flight training device is used. 

It is important to understand that whether accomplished in an aircraft, 

flight simulator or flight training device, all TASKs and elements for each 

maneuver or procedure shall have the same performance standards 

applied equally for determination of overall satisfactory performance. 

Flight Instructor Responsibility

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the 

commercial pilot applicant to acceptable standards in all subject matter 

areas, procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKs within each 

AREA OF OPERATION in the appropriate commercial pilot practical 

test standard. 

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of 

knowledge, skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to 

students. 
9 FAA-S-8081-12B

Change 1 (2/22/08) 

Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsible 

for emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning and 

collision avoidance procedures. 

Examiner1 Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test is responsible for 

determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of 

knowledge and skill of each TASK within the appropriate practical test 

standard. Since there is no formal division between the “oral” and “skill” 

portions of the practical test, this becomes an ongoing process 

throughout the test. Oral questioning, to determine the applicant's 

knowledge of TASKs and related safety factors, should be used 

judiciously at all times, especially during the flight portion of the practical 

test. Examiner’s shall test to the greatest extent practicable the 

applicant’s correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of 

facts throughout the practical test. 

If the examiner determines that a TASK is incomplete, or the outcome 

uncertain, the examiner may require the applicant to repeat that TASK, 

or portions of that TASK. This provision has been made in the interest 

of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the 

repeating of an unsatisfactory task is permitted during the certification 

process. When practical, the remaining TASKs of the practical test 

phase should be completed before repeating the questionable TASK. 

On multiengine practical tests where the failure of the most critical 

engine after lift off is required, the examiner must give consideration to 

local atmospheric conditions, terrain, and type of aircraft used. However 

the failure of an engine shall not be simulated until attaining at least 

VSSE/VYSE and at an altitude not lower than 400 feet AGL. 

During simulated engine failures on multiengine practical tests the 

examiner shall set zero thrust after the applicant has simulated 

feathering the propeller. The examiner shall require the applicant to 

demonstrate at least one landing with a simulated feathered propeller 

with the engine set to zero thrust. 

Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner shall 

evaluate the applicant’s use of visual scanning and collision avoidance 

procedures. 

 

1 The word “examiner” is used throughout the standards to denote either the FAA 

inspector or FAA designated pilot examiner who conducts an official practical test. 
FAA-S-8081-12B 10

Satisfactory Performance

Satisfactory performance to meet the requirements for certification is 

based on the applicant’s ability to safely: 

1. perform the TASKs specified in the AREAS OF OPERATION for 

the certificate or rating sought within the approved standards; 

2. demonstrate mastery of the aircraft with the successful outcome 

of each TASK performed never seriously in doubt; 

3. demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the 

approved standards; 

4. demonstrate sound judgment; and 

5. demonstrate single-pilot competence if the aircraft is type 

certificated for single-pilot operations. 

Unsatisfactory Performance 

The tolerances represent the performance expected in good flying 

conditions. If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not 

meet the standards of performance of any TASK performed, the 

associated AREA OF OPERATION is failed and therefore, the practical 

test is failed. 

The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when 

the failure of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible 

for the certificate or rating sought. The test may be continued ONLY 

with the consent of the applicant. If the test is discontinued, the 

applicant is entitled credit for only those AREAS OF OPERATION and 

their associated TASKs satisfactorily performed. However, during the 

retest, and at the discretion of the examiner, any TASK may be reevaluated, including those previously passed. 

Typical areas of unsatisfactory performance and grounds for 

disqualification are: 

1. Any action or lack of action by the applicant that requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight. 

2. Failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to 

clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. 

3. Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in the Objectives. 

4. Failure to take prompt corrective action when tolerances are 

exceeded. 
11 FAA-S-8081-12B

When a notice of disapproval is issued, the examiner shall record the 

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of the AREA OF 

OPERATION and specific TASK(s) not meeting the standard 

appropriate to practical test conducted. The AREA(s) OF 

OPERATION/TASK(s) not tested and the number of practical test 

failures shall also be recorded. If the applicant fails the practical test 

because of a special emphasis area, the Notice of Disapproval shall 

indicate the associated task. i. e.: AREA OF OPERATION VIII, 

Maneuvering During Slow Flight, failure to use proper collision 

avoidance procedures. 

Crew Resource Management (CRM)

CRM refers to the effective use of all available resources: human 

resources, hardware, and information. Human resources include all 

groups routinely working with the cockpit crew or pilot who are involved 

with decisions that are required to operate a flight safely. These groups 

include, but are not limited to dispatchers, cabin crewmembers, 

maintenance personnel, air traffic controllers, and weather services. 

CRM is not a single TASK, but a set of competencies that must be 

evident in all TASKs in this practical test standard as applied to either 

single pilot operations or crew. 

Applicant's Use of Checklists

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of 

an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific TASK 

being evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the 

checklist, while accomplishing elements of an Objective, would be 

either unsafe or impractical, especially in a single-pilot operation. In this 

case, a review of the checklist after the elements have been 

accomplished, would be appropriate. Division of attention and proper 

visual scanning should be considered when using a checklist. 

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when 

the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate 

the applicant’s ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing 

attention both inside and/or outside the cockpit, the examiner shall 

cause realistic distractions during the flight portion of the practical test 

to evaluate the applicant’s ability to divide attention while maintaining 

safe flight. 
FAA-S-8081-12B 12

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls 

During flight training, there must always be a clear understanding 

between students and flight instructors of who has control of the aircraft. 

Prior to flight, a briefing should be conducted that includes the 

procedure for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step 

process in the exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven 

procedure and one that is strongly recommended. 

When the instructor wishes the student to take control of the aircraft, he 

or she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The student 

acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The 

flight instructor again says, “You have the flight controls.” When control 

is returned to the instructor, follow the same procedure. A visual check 

is recommended to verify that the exchange has occurred. There should 

never by any doubt as to who is flying the aircraft. 

Metric Conversion Initiative

To assist pilots in understanding and using the metric measurement 

system, the practical test standards refer to the metric equivalent of 

various altitudes throughout. The inclusion of meters is intended to 

familiarize pilots with its use. The metric altimeter is arranged in 10 

meter increments; therefore, when converting from feet to meters, the 

exact conversion, being too exact for practical purposes, is rounded to 

the nearest 10 meter increment or even altitude as necessary. 
SECTION 1

COMMERCIAL PILOT—AIRPLANE

Single-Engine Land

and

Single-Engine Sea
1-i FAA-S-8081-12B

CONTENTS

Airplane Single-Engine Land

and

Airplane Single-Engine Sea

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLES:

Airplane Single-Engine Land .................................................. 1-v

AirplaneSingle-Engine Sea....................................................1-vii

CHECKLISTS:

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ........................................ 1-ix

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist........................................ 1-xi

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION.................................................. 1-1

A. Certificates and Documents (ASEL and ASES)............... 1-1

B. Airworthiness Requirements (ASEL and ASES).............. 1-1

C. Weather Information (ASEL and ASES) .......................... 1-2

D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (ASEL and ASES)........... 1-3

E. National Airspace System (ASEL and ASES).................. 1-3

F. Performance and Limitations (ASEL and ASES) ............. 1-4

G. Operation of Systems (ASEL and ASES) ........................ 1-4

H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (ASES)................... 1-5

I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine

 Navigation (ASES) ......................................................... 1-5

J. Aeromedical Factors (ASEL and ASES).......................... 1-6

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES................................................... 1-7

A. Preflight Inspection (ASEL and ASES) ............................ 1-7

B. Cockpit Management (ASEL and ASES)......................... 1-7

C. Engine Starting (ASEL and ASES) .................................. 1-7

D. Taxiing (ASEL)................................................................. 1-8

E. Taxiing and Sailing (ASES).............................................. 1-8

F. Before Takeoff Check (ASEL and ASES) ........................ 1-9
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-ii

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS ..............1-10

A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals

 (ASEL and ASES) ........................................................1-10

B. Traffic Patterns (ASEL and ASES).................................1-10

C. Airport/Seaplane Base, Runway, and Taxiway Signs,

 Markings, and Lighting (ASEL and ASES)...................1-11

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS....................1-12

A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb

 (ASEL and ASES) ........................................................1-12

B. Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing

 (ASEL and ASES) ........................................................1-13

C. Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL) .............................1-14

D. Soft-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL) ......................1-15

E. Short-Field Takeoff (Confined Area—ASES) and

 Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL and ASES)........1-16

F. Short-Field Approach (Confined Area—ASES) and

 Landing (ASEL and ASES) ..........................................1-17

G. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES) ......................1-18

H. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES) ...............1-19

I. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES).......................1-20

J. Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES)................1-21

K. Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing

 (ASEL and ASES) ........................................................1-21

L. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (ASEL and ASES)...........1-22

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS ...........................................1-23

A. Steep Turns (ASEL and ASES)......................................1-23

B. Steep Spiral (ASEL and ASES) .....................................1-23

C. Chandelles (ASEL and ASES) .......................................1-24

D. Lazy Eights (ASEL and ASES) ......................................1-24

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVER...................................1-25

Eights on Pylons (ASEL and ASES) ......................................1-25

VII. NAVIGATION.........................................................................1-26

A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (ASEL and ASES) .........1-26

B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services

 (ASEL and ASES) ........................................................1-26

C. Diversion (ASEL and ASES) ..........................................1-27

D. Lost Procedures (ASEL and ASES)...............................1-27
1-iii FAA-S-8081-12B

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS............................................... 1-28

A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (ASEL and ASES)...... 1-28

B. Power-Off Stalls (ASEL and ASES)............................... 1-29

C. Power-On Stalls (ASEL and ASES)............................... 1-30

D. Spin Awareness (ASEL and ASES)............................... 1-31

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS................................................ 1-32

A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-32

B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-33

C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-33

X. HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS........................................... 1-34

A. Supplemental Oxygen (ASEL and ASES)...................... 1-34

B. Pressurization (ASEL and ASES) .................................. 1-34

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES .............................................. 1-35

A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing

 (ASEL and ASES)........................................................ 1-35

B. Anchoring (ASES).......................................................... 1-35

C. Docking and Mooring (ASES) ........................................ 1-35

D. Ramping/Beaching (ASES)............................................ 1-36

APPENDIX 1—TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT

Task vs. Simulation Device Credit ............................Appendix 1-1

Use of Chart..............................................................Appendix 1-1

Flight Simulation Device Level..................................Appendix 1-3
1-v FAA-S-8081-12B

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE

Airplane Single-Engine Land

Addition of an Airplane Single-Engine Land Rating

to an existing Commercial Pilot Certificate

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(s)

or an indication that all or none of the TASKs must be tested based on

the notes in each AREA OF OPERATION.

COMMERCIAL PILOT RATING(S) HELD

AREAS

OF

OPERATION

ASES AMEL AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship

I F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G F,G

II D NONE D A,C,D,

F

A,D,F A,B,C,

D,F

A,B,C,

D,F

A,B,C,

D,F

III C NONE C B,C NONE B,C B,C B,C

IV

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

K

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

K

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

K

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

K,L

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

K,L

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

K,L

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

K,L

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

K,L

V NONE B,C,D B,C,D ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VI NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VII NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE

VIII NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

IX A,B A,B A,B ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

X NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

XI A NONE A A A A A A
1-vii FAA-S-8081-12B

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE

Airplane Single-Engine Sea

Addition of an Airplane Single-Engine Sea Rating

to an existing Commercial Pilot Certificate

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(s)

or an indication that all or none of the TASKs must be tested based on

the notes in each AREA OF OPERATION.

COMMERCIAL PILOT RATING(S) HELD

AREAS

OF

OPERATION

ASEL AMEL AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship

I F,G,H,

I

F,G,H,

I

F,G F,G,H,

I

F,G,H,

I

F,G,H,

I

F,G,H,

I

F,G,H,

I

II E E E A,B,C,

E,F

A,B,E,

F

A,B,C,

E,F

A,B,C,

E,F

A,B,C,

E,F

III C C NONE B,C C B,C B,C B,C

IV

A,B,E,

F,G,H,

I,J

A,B,E,

F,G,H,

I,J

A,B,E,

F,G,H,

I,J

A,B,E,

F,G,H,

I,J,K,L

A,B,E,

F,G,H,

I,J,K,L

A,B,E,

F,G,H,

I,J,K,L

A,B,E,

F,G,H,

I,J,K,L

A,B,E,

F,G,H,

I,J,K,L

V NONE B,C,D B,C,D ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VI NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VII NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE

VIII NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

IX A,B A,B A,B ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

X NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

XI B,C,D B,C,D NONE B,C,D B,C,D B,C,D B,C,D B,C,D
1-ix FAA-S-8081-12B

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER:

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________

LOCATION ____________________________________

DATE/TIME ____________________________________

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

! Aircraft Documents:

Airworthiness Certificate

Registration Certificate

Operating Limitations

! Aircraft Maintenance Records:

Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections

and AD Compliance

! Pilot’s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved

Airplane Flight Manual

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

! View-Limiting Device

Current Aeronautical Charts

! Computer and Plotter

! Flight Plan Form

! Flight Logs

! Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate

Publications

PERSONAL RECORDS

! Identification—Photo/Signature ID

! Pilot Certificate

! Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate

! Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or

Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (If

applicable)

! Computer Test Report

! Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements

! FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)

! Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)

! Examiner’s Fee (if applicable)
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-xi

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

Airplane Single-Engine Land

And

Airplane Single-Engine Sea

APPLICANT'S NAME_______________________________

LOCATION_______________________________________

DATE/TIME______________________________________

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

! A. Certificates and Documents (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Airworthiness Requirements (ASEL and ASES)

! C. Weather Information (ASEL and ASES)

! D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (ASEL and ASES)

! E. National Airspace System (ASEL and ASES)

! F. Performance and Limitations (ASEL and ASES)

! G. Operation of Systems (ASEL and ASES)

! H. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (ASES)

! I. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to Marine

 Navigation (ASES)

! J. Aeromedical Factors (ASEL and ASES)

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

! A. Preflight Inspection (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Cockpit Management (ASEL and ASES)

! C. Engine Starting (ASEL and ASES)

! D. Taxiing (ASEL)

! E. Taxiing and Sailing (ASES)

! F. Before Takeoff Check (ASEL and ASES)

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

! A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals

 (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Traffic Patterns (ASEL and ASES)

! C. Airport/Seaplane Base, Runway, and Taxiway Signs,

 Markings, and Lighting (ASEL and ASES)
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-xii

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

! A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing

 (ASEL and ASES)

! C. Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL)

! D. Soft-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL)

! E. Short-Field (Confined Area—ASES) Takeoff and

 Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL and ASES)

! F. Short-Field Approach (Confined Area—ASES) and

 Landing (ASEL and ASES)

! G. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES)

! H. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (ASES)

! I. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (ASES)

! J. Rough Water Approach and Landing (ASES)

! K. Power-Off 180° Accuracy Approach and Landing

 (ASEL and ASES)

! L. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (ASEL and ASES)

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

! A. Steep Turns (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Steep Spiral (ASEL and ASES)

! C. Chandelles (ASEL and ASES)

! D. Lazy Eights (ASEL and ASES)

VI. GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVER

! Eights on Pylons (ASEL and ASES)

VII. NAVIGATION

! A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services (ASEL and ASES)

! C. Diversion (ASEL and ASES)

! D. Lost Procedures (ASEL and ASES)

VIII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS

! A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Power-Off Stalls (ASEL and ASES)

! C. Power-On Stalls (ASEL and ASES)

! D. Spin Awareness (ASEL and ASES)
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-xiii

IX. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

! A. Emergency Approach and Landing (Simulated)

 (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions (ASEL and ASES)

! C. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (ASEL and ASES)

X. HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS

! A. Supplemental Oxygen (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Pressurization (ASEL and ASES)

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

! A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (ASEL and ASES)

! B. Anchoring (ASES)

! C. Docking and Mooring (ASES)

! D. Ramping/Beaching (ASES)
1-1 FAA-S-8081-12B

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

NOTE: The examiner shall develop a scenario based on real time

weather to evaluate TASKs C and D.

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-3; AC 61-

23/FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to certificates and documents by:

1. Explaining—

a. commercial pilot certificate privileges limitations and recent

flight experience requirements.

b. medical certificate class and duration.

c. pilot logbook or flight records.

2. Locating and explaining—

a. airworthiness and registration certificates.

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and

POH/AFM.

c. weight and balance data and equipment list.

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to airworthiness requirements by:

1. Explaining–

a. required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR.

b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of

the airplane with inoperative instruments and equipment with

and without an MEL.

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight

permit.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-2

2. Locating and explaining—

a. airworthiness directives.

b. compliance records.

c. maintenance/inspection requirements.

d. appropriate record keeping.

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-23/FAA-H8083-25, AC 61-84; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather

information by analyzing weather reports, charts, and forecasts

from various sources with emphasis on—

a. METAR, TAF, and FA.

b. surface analysis chart.

c. radar summary chart.

d. winds and temperature aloft chart.

e. significant weather prognostic charts.

f. convective outlook chart.

g. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports.

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available

weather information.
1-3 FAA-S-8081-12B

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25, AC 61-84;

Navigation Charts; A/FD; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight

planning by presenting and explaining a pre-planned VFR crosscountry flight, as previously assigned by the examiner. On the day

of the practical test, the final flight plan shall be to the first fuel

stop, based on maximum allowable passengers, baggage, and/or

cargo loads using real time weather.

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts.

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features.

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints.

5. Selects most favorable altitudes considering weather conditions

and equipment capabilities.

6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements.

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and

communication frequencies.

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, A/FD, and other

flight publications.

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight

plan.

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:

1. Basic VFR weather minimums—for all classes of airspace.

2. Airspace classes—their operating rules, pilot certification, and

airplane equipment requirements for the following—

a. Class A.

b. Class B.

c. Class C.

d. Class D.

e. Class E.

f. Class G.

3. Special use and other airspace areas.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-4

F. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; FAA-H-8083-1; AC 61-84,

POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and

limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to

determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding

limitations.

2. Computes weight and balance. Determines if the computed

weight and center of gravity is within the airplane’s operating

limitations and if the weight and center of gravity will remain

within limits during all phases of flight.

3. Demonstrates use of the appropriate performance charts, tables,

and data.

4. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the airplane's

performance.

G. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to the operation of systems on the airplane provided

for the practical test, by explaining at least five (5) of the following

systems.

1. Primary flight controls and trim.

2. Flaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers.

3. Water rudders (ASES).

4. Powerplant and propeller.

5. Landing gear.

6. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic.

7. Electrical.

8. Avionics.

9. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure and associated flight instruments.

10. Environmental.

11. Deicing and anti-icing.
1-5 FAA-S-8081-12B

H. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (ASES)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to water and seaplane characteristics by explaining:

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features,

such as—

a. size and location.

b. protected and unprotected areas.

c. surface wind.

d. direction and strength of water current.

e. floating and partially submerged debris.

f. sandbars, islands, and shoals.

g. vessel traffic, and wakes.

h. other features peculiar to the area.

2. Float and hull construction, and their effect on seaplane

performance.

3. Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action required

to prevent or correct these occurrences.

I. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO

MARINE NAVIGATION (ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine

navigation by explaining:

1. How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in

directories.

2. Operating restrictions at various bases.

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane

operation.

4. Marine navigation aids, such as buoys, beacons, lights, and

sound signals.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-6

J. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:

1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at least

four (4) of the following—

a. hypoxia.

b. hyperventilation.

c. middle ear and sinus problems.

d. spatial disorientation.

e. motion sickness.

f. carbon monoxide poisoning.

g. stress and fatigue.

h. dehydration.

2. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.

3. The effects of excess nitrogen during scuba dives upon a pilot or

passenger in flight.
1-7 FAA-S-8081-12B

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

.

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection.

This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for

checking each item, and how to detect possible defects.

2. Inspects the airplane with reference to an appropriate checklist.

3. Verifies that the airplane is in condition for safe flight.

B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit

management procedures.

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and cabin are secured.

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they

are readily available.

4. Briefs occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses,

doors, and emergency procedures.

C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25, AC 91-13,

AC 91-55; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended

engine starting procedures. This shall include the use of an

external power source, hand propping safety, and starting under

various atmospheric conditions.

2. Positions the airplane properly considering structures, surface

conditions other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and

property.

3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-8

D. TASK: TAXIING (ASEL)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi

procedures.

2. Performs a brake check immediately after the airplane begins

moving.

3. Positions flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions.

4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.

5. Complies with airport/taxiway markings, signals, ATC clearances

and instructions.

6. Taxies so as to avoid other aircraft and hazards.

E. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; USCG NAVIGATION RULES,

INTERNATIONAL-INLAND; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxi and

sailing procedures.

2. Positions the flight controls properly for the existing wind

conditions.

3. Plans and follows the most favorable course while taxi or sailing

considering wind, water current, water conditions and maritime

regulations.

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique.

5. Uses flight controls, flaps, doors, water rudder, and power

correctly so as to follow the desired course while sailing.

6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping.

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.

8. Complies with seaplane base signs, signals, and clearances.
1-9 FAA-S-8081-12B

F. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff

check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and

how to detect malfunctions.

2. Positions the airplane properly considering other aircraft/vessels,

wind and surface conditions.

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit.

4. Ensures the engine temperatures and pressure are suitable for

run-up and takeoff.

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the

airplane is in safe operating condition.

6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances,

departure and emergency procedures.

7. Avoids runway incursion and/or ensures no conflict with traffic

prior to taxiing into takeoff position.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-10

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE

BASE OPERATIONS

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS

(ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio

communications and ATC light signals.

2. Selects appropriate frequencies.

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with

instructions.

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25, AC 90-66;

AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns.

This shall include procedures at airports with and without

operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions,

collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind

shear.

2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures.

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft.

4. Corrects for wind-drift to maintain proper ground track.

5. Maintains orientation with runway/landing area in use.

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude ±100 feet (30 meters), and

appropriate airspeed ±10 knots.
1-11 FAA-S-8081-12B

C. TASK: AIRPORT/SEAPLANE BASE, RUNWAY, AND TAXIWAY

SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane

base, runway, and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway

incursion avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base, runway,

and taxiway signs, markings, and lighting.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-12

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND

 GO-AROUNDS

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

(ASEL and ASES)

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's

knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral

testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and

crosswind takeoff, climb operations and rejected takeoff

procedures.

2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions.

3. Clears the area, taxies onto the takeoff surface and aligns the

airplane on the runway center/takeoff path.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate (ASES), and advances

the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift off

attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping (ASES).

6. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to VY.

7. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY,±5 knots.

8. Retracts the landing gear if appropriate, and flaps after a positive

rate of climb is established.

9. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering

altitude.

10. Maintains directional control, proper wind-drift correction

throughout the takeoff and climb.

11. Complies with noise abatement procedures.

12. Completes appropriate checklists.
1-13 FAA-S-8081-12B

B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND

LANDING (ASEL and ASES)

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's

knowledge of the crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral

testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and

crosswind approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area (ASES).

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions,

and selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing

configuration and airspeed and adjusts pitch attitude and power

as required.

5. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or

in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, ±5 knots, with wind gust

factor applied.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the

roundout and touchdown.

7. Contacts the water at the proper pitch attitude (ASES).

8. Touches down smoothly at approximate stalling speed (ASEL).

9. Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified

point, with no drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned

with and over the runway center/landing path.

10. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

11. Completes appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-14

C. TASK: SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASEL)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field takeoff

and climb.

2. Positions the flight controls for existing conditions and to

maximize lift as quickly as possible.

3. Clears the area; taxies onto takeoff surface at a speed consistent

with safety without stopping while advancing the throttle smoothly

to takeoff power.

4. Establishes and maintains a pitch attitude that will transfer the

weight of the airplane from the wheels to the wings as rapidly as

possible.

5. Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground

effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.

6. Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and

maintains selected airspeed ±5 knots, during the climb.

7. Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate and flaps after clear of

any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.

8. Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY ±5 knots to a safe

maneuvering altitude.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout the takeoff and climb.

10. Completes appropriate checklist.
1-15 FAA-S-8081-12B

D. TASK: SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING (ASEL)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field

approach and landing.

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and

obstructions, and selects the most suitable touchdown area.

3. Establishes the recommended approach and landing

configuration and airspeed; adjusts pitch attitude and power as

required.

4. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or

in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, ±5 knots, with wind gust

factor applied.

5. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the

roundout and touchdown.

6. Touches down softly, with no drift, and with the airplane's

longitudinal axis aligned with the runway/landing path.

7. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

8. Maintains proper position of the flight controls and sufficient

speed to taxi on the soft surface.

9. Completes appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-16

E. TASK: SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF (CONFINED AREA—ASES)

AND MAXIMUM PREFORMANCE CLIMB (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field

(confined area ASES) takeoff and maximum performance climb.

2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions, sets

flaps as recommended.

3. Clears the area; taxies into takeoff position utilizing maximum

available takeoff area and aligns the airplane on the runway

center/takeoff path.

4. Selects an appropriate take-off path for the existing conditions

(ASES).

5. Applies brakes (if appropriate) while advancing the throttle

smoothly to takeoff power.

6. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift off

attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping (ASES).

7. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to

recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX.

8. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended

obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,

,

+5/-0 knots, until the

obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters)

above the surface.

9. After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY,

accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, ±5 knots, during the climb.

10. Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate and flaps after clear of

any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.

11. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering

altitude.

12. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout the takeoff and climb.

13. Completes appropriate checklist.
1-17 FAA-S-8081-12B

F. TASK: SHORT-FIELD APPROACH (CONFINED AREA—ASES)

AND LANDING (ASEL AND ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field

(confined area ASES) approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area (ASES).

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions,

and selects the most suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing

configuration and airspeed; adjusts pitch attitude and power.

5. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach

airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, ±5 knots,

with wind gust factor applied.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the

roundout and touchdown.

7. Selects the proper landing path, contacts the water at the

minimum safe airspeed with the proper pitch attitude for the

surface conditions (ASES).

8. Touches down smoothly at minimum control airspeed (ASEL).

9. Touches down at or within 100 feet (30 meters) beyond a

specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the

airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway

center/landing path.

10. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

11. Applies brakes (ASEL) or elevator control (ASES), as necessary,

to stop in the shortest distance consistent with safety.

12. Completes appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-18

G. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASES)

NOTE: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be

evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water

takeoff and climb.

2. Positions the flight controls and flaps for the existing

conditions.

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path

considering surface hazards and/or vessels and surface

conditions.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the

throttle smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude,

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, and

increases in water drag.

6. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift seaplane from the water

considering surface conditions.

7. Establishes proper attitude/airspeed, and accelerates to VY, ±

5 knots during the climb.

8. Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a

positive rate of climb is established.

9. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe

maneuvering altitude.

10. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout takeoff and climb.

11. Completes the appropriate checklist.
1-19 FAA-S-8081-12B

H. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (ASES)

NOTE: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be

evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water

approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards,

surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

4. Selects the most suitable approach path, and touchdown

area.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing

configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and

power as required.

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended

approach airspeed, ± 5 knots and maintains a touchdown

pitch attitude and descent rate from the last altitude reference

until touchdown.

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control

adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of

descent to touchdown.

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and slows to

idle taxi speed.

9. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

10. Completes the appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-20

I. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (ASES)

NOTE: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be

evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water

takeoff and climb.

2. Positions the flight controls and flaps for the existing conditions.

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering

wind, swells surface hazards and/or vessels.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle

smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude,

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, or

excessive bouncing.

6. Lifts off at minimum airspeed and accelerates to VY, ± 5 knots

before leaving ground effect.

7. Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a

positive rate of climb is established.

8. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering

altitude.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout takeoff and climb.

10. Completes the appropriate checklist.
1-21 FAA-S-8081-12B

J. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (ASES)

NOTE: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be

evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water

approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards,

surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

4. Selects the most suitable approach path, and touchdown area.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing

configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power

as required.

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended

approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO ± 5

knots with wind gust factor applied.

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control application

during the roundout and touch down.

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and at the proper

airspeed, considering the type of rough water.

9. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

10. Completes the appropriate checklist.

K. TASK: POWER-OFF 180° ACCURACY APPROACH AND

LANDING (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a power-off 180°

accuracy approach and landing.

2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions,

and selects an appropriate touchdown point.

3. Positions airplane on downwind leg, parallel to landing runway,

and not more than 1000 feet AGL.

4. Abeam the specified touchdown point, closes throttle and

establishes appropriate glide speed.

5. Completes final airplane configuration.

6. Touches down in a normal landing attitude, at or within 200 feet

(60 meters) beyond the specified touchdown point.

7. Completes the appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-22

L. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a goaround/rejected landing.

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing.

3. Applies takeoff power immediately and transitions to climb pitch

attitude for VY, and maintains VY ±5 knots.

4. Retracts flaps as appropriate.

5. Retracts the landing gear if appropriate after a positive rate of

climb is established.

6. Maneuvers to the side of runway/landing area to clear and avoid

conflicting traffic.

7. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering

altitude.

8. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout the climb.

9. Completes the appropriate checklist.
1-23 FAA-S-8081-12B

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

NOTE: The examiner shall at least select either TASK A or B, and either

C or D.

A. TASK: STEEP TURNS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns.

2. Establishes the manufacturer's recommended airspeed or if one

is not stated, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA.

3. Rolls into a coordinated 360° steep turn with at least a 50° bank,

followed by a 360° steep turn in the opposite direction.

4. Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.

5. Maintains the entry altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters), airspeed,

±10 knots, bank, ±5°; and rolls out on the entry heading, ±10°.

B. TASK: STEEP SPIRAL (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a steep spiral.

2. Selects an altitude sufficient to continue through a series of at

least three 360° turns.

3. Selects a suitable ground reference point.

4. Applies wind-drift correction to track a constant radius circle

around selected reference point with bank not to exceed 60° at

steepest point in turn.

5. Divides attention between airplane control and ground track,

while maintaining coordinated flight.

6. Maintains the specified airspeed, ±10 knots, rolls out toward

object or specified heading, ±10°.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-24

C. TASK: CHANDELLES (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to chandelles.

2. Selects an altitude that will allow the maneuver to be performed

no lower than 1,500 feet AGL (460 meters).

3. Establishes the recommended entry configuration, power, and

airspeed.

4. Establishes the angle of bank at approximately 30°.

5. Simultaneously applies power and pitch to maintain a smooth,

coordinated climbing turn to the 90° point, with a constant bank.

6. Begins a coordinated constant rate rollout from the 90° point to

the 180° point maintaining power and a constant pitch attitude.

7. Completes rollout at the 180° point, ±10° just above a stall

airspeed, and maintaining that airspeed momentarily avoiding a

stall.

8. Resumes straight and level flight with minimum loss of altitude.

D. TASK: LAZY EIGHTS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lazy eights.

2. Selects an altitude that will allow the task to be performed no

lower than 1,500 feet AGL (460 meters).

3. Establishes the recommended entry configuration, power, and

airspeed.

4. Maintains coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.

5. Achieves the following throughout the maneuver—

a. approximately 30° bank at the steepest point.

b. constant change of pitch and roll rate.

c. altitude tolerance at 180° points, ±100 feet (30 meters) from

entry altitude.

d. airspeed tolerance at the 180° point plus ±10° knots from

entry airspeed.

e. heading tolerance at the 180° point ±10°.

6. Continues the maneuver through the number of symmetrical

loops specified and resumes straight and level flight.
1-25 FAA-S-8081-12B

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND REFERENCE

 MANEUVER

TASK: EIGHTS ON PYLONS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to eights on pylons.

2. Determines the approximate pivotal altitude.

3. Selects suitable pylons, that will permit straight and level flight,

between the pylons.

4. Enters the maneuver at the appropriate altitude and airspeed and

at a bank angle of approximately 30° to 40° at the steepest point.

5. Applies the necessary corrections so that the line-of-sight

reference line remains on the pylon.

6. Divides attention between accurate coordinated airplane control

and outside visual references.

7. Holds pylon using appropriate pivotal altitude avoiding slips and

skids.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-26

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCE: AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead

reckoning.

2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks.

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart

symbols.

4. Navigates by means of precomputed headings, groundspeed,

and elapsed time.

5. Corrects for and records differences between preflight

groundspeed and heading calculations and those determined en

route.

6. Verifies the airplane's position within two (2) nautical miles of

flight planned route.

7. Arrives at the en route checkpoints within three (3) minutes of the

initial or revised ETA and provides a destination estimate.

8. Maintains appropriate altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters), and

headings, ±10°.

B. TASK: NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND RADAR SERVICES

(ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation

Equipment Operation Manuals, AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to navigation

systems and radar services.

2. Demonstrates the ability to use an airborne electronic navigation

system.

3. Locates the airplane's position using the navigation system.

4. Intercepts and tracks a given course, radial, or bearing as

appropriate.

5. Recognizes and describes the indication of station passage if

appropriate.

6. Recognizes signal loss and takes appropriate action.

7. Uses proper communication procedures when utilizing radar

services.

8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters) and

heading, ±10°.
1-27 FAA-S-8081-12B

C. TASK: DIVERSION (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport and route.

3. Makes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival

time, and fuel consumption to the alternate airport.

4. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters), and

heading, ±10°.

D. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.

2. Selects an appropriate course of action.

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary.

4. Identifies prominent landmarks.

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and/or contacts an ATC facility

for assistance as appropriate.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-28

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT AND

STALLS

A. TASK: MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT

(ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering

during slow flight.

2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed

no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.

3. Establishes and maintains an airspeed at which any further

increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in

power, would result in an immediate stall.

4. Accomplishes coordinated straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs,

and descents with landing gear and flap configurations specified

by the examiner.

5. Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.

6. Maintains the specified altitude, ±50 feet (15 meters); specified

heading, ±10°; airspeed +5/−0 knots, and specified angle of bank, 

±5°.
1-29 FAA-S-8081-12B

B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALLS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-67; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls.

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no

lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.

3. Establishes a stabilized descent in the approach or landing

configuration, as specified by the examiner.

4. Transitions smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to a

pitch attitude that will induce a stall.

5. Maintains a specified heading, ±10° in straight flight; maintains a

specified angle of bank, not to exceed 20°, ±5°, in turning flight

while inducing the stall.

6. Recognizes and recovers promptly as the stall occurs by

simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power to

maximum allowable, and leveling the wings to return to a straightand-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude

appropriate for the airplane.

7. Retracts the flaps to the recommended setting, retracts the

landing gear if retractable after a positive rate of climb is

established.

8. Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction;

returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the

examiner.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-30

C. TASK: POWER-ON STALLS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-67; POH/AFM.

NOTE: In some high performance airplanes, the power setting may

have to be reduced below the practical test standards guideline power

setting to prevent excessively high pitch attitudes (greater than 30° nose

up).

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-on stalls.

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no

lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.

3. Establishes the takeoff or departure configuration. Sets power to

no less than 65 percent available power.

4. Transitions smoothly from the takeoff or departure attitude to a

pitch attitude that will induce a stall.

5. Maintains a specified heading ±5°, in straight flight; maintains a

specified angle of bank, not to exceed a 20°, ±10°, in turning

flight, while inducing the stall.

6. Recognizes and recovers promptly as the stall occurs by

simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power to

maximum allowable, and leveling the wings to return to a straightand-level flight attitude, with a minimum loss of altitude

appropriate for the airplane.

7. Retracts flaps to the recommended setting, retracts the landing

gear if retractable, after a positive rate of climb is established.

8. Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction;

returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the

examiner.
1-31 FAA-S-8081-12B

D. TASK: SPIN AWARENESS (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-67; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to spin awareness by explaining:

1. Aerodynamic factors related to spins.

2. Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur.

3. Procedures for recovery from unintentional spins.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-32

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

A. TASK: EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (SIMULATED)

(ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency

approach and landing procedures.

2. Analyzes the situation and selects an appropriate course of

action.

3. Establishes and maintains the recommended best glide

airspeed, ±10 knots.

4. Selects a suitable landing area.

5. Plans and follows a flight pattern to the selected landing area

considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.

6. Prepares for landing, or go-around, as specified by the

examiner.

7. Follows the appropriate checklist.
1-33 FAA-S-8081-12B

B. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (ASEL

and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to systems and

equipment malfunctions appropriate to the airplane provided for

the practical test.

2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated

emergencies appropriate to the airplane provided for the

practical test for at least five (5) of the following:

a. partial or complete power loss.

b. engine roughness or overheat.

c. carburetor or induction icing.

d. loss of oil pressure.

e. fuel starvation.

f. electrical malfunction.

g. vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments

malfunction.

h. pitot/static.

i. landing gear or flap malfunction.

j. inoperative trim.

k. inadvertant door or window opening.

l. structural icing.

m. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire.

n. any other emergency appropriate to the airplane.

3. Follows the appropriate checklist or procedure.

C. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR

(ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment

and survival gear appropriate to the airplane and environment

encountered during flight. Identifies appropriate equipment that

should be aboard the airplane.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-34

X. AREA OF OPERATION: HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS

A. TASK: SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-107; AIM;

POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to supplemental oxygen by explaining:

1. Supplemental oxygen requirements for flight crew and

passengers when operating non-pressurized airplanes.

2. Identification and differences between “aviators' breathing

oxygen” and other types.

3. Operational characteristics of continuous flow, demand, and

pressure-demand oxygen systems.

B. TASK: PRESSURIZATION (ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-107; AIM; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pressurization by

explaining—

a. fundamental concept of cabin pressurization.

b. supplemental oxygen requirements when operating airplanes

with pressurized cabins.

c. physiological hazards associated with high altitude flight and

decompression.

NOTE: Element 2 applies only if the airplane provided for the practical

test is equipped for pressurized flight operations.

2. Operates the pressurization system properly, and reacts

appropriately to simulated pressurization malfunctions.
1-35 FAA-S-8081-12B

XI. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK A and for ASES applicants at

least one other TASK.

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING

(ASEL and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing,

parking and securing procedures.

2. Maintains directional control after touchdown while decelerating

to an appropriate speed.

3. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings

and lighting.

4. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby

persons and property.

5. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown.

6. Completes the appropriate checklist.

7. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the

aircraft.

B. TASK: ANCHORING (ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring.

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering seaplane

movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes.

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient

strength and length to ensure the seaplane's security.

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and

mooring.

2. Approaches the dock or mooring buoy in the proper direction

considering speed, hazards, wind, and water current.

3. Ensures seaplane security.
FAA-S-8081-12B 1-36

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping/beaching.

2. Approaches the ramp/beach considering persons and property,

in the proper attitude and direction, at a safe speed, considering

water depth, tide, current and wind.

3. Ramps/beaches and secures the seaplane in a manner that will

protect it from the harmful effect of wind, waves, and changes in

water level.
APPENDIX 1

TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT

Single-Engine Land (SEL)
Single-Engine Land Appendix 1-1 

APPENDIX 1

AIRPLANE SINGLE-ENGINE LAND

TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT

Examiners conducting the Commercial Pilot–Airplane Practical Tests with flight simulation devices should cons

ensure that the device has been approved for training, testing, or checking. The documentation for each device activities have occurred:

1. The device must be evaluated, determined to meet the appropriate standards, and assigned the a

the National Simulator Program Manager. The device must continue to meet qualification standards through cin the appropriate advisory circular (AC). For airplane flight training devices (FTDs), AC 120-45 (as amended)Qualifications, will be used. For simulators, AC 120-40 (as amended), Airplane Simulator Qualification, will be 

2. The FAA must approve the device for training, testing, and checking the specific flight TASKs lis3. The device must continue to support the level of student or applicant performance required by this 

NOTE: Users of the following chart are cautioned that use of the chart alone is incomplete. The description listed in the body of the PTS, including all notes, must also be incorporated for accurate simulation device use.

USE OF CHART

X Creditable.A Creditable if appropriate systems are installed and operating.

* Asterisk items require use of FTD or simulator visual reference.

NOTES: 1. Use of Level 2 or Level 3 FTDs authorized only for those airplanes not requiring a type rating.

2. For practical tests, not more than 50 % of the maneuvers may be accomplished in an FTD or simu a. each maneuver has been satisfactorily accomplished for an instructor, in the appropriate airpl

OR

 b. the applicant has logged not less than 500 hours of flight time as a pilot in airplanes.3. Not all AREAS OF OPERATION (AOO) and TASKs required by this PTS are listed in the appen TASKs must be accomplished in an airplane.4. Standards for and use of Level 1 FTD’s have not been determined.
Single-Engine Land Appendix 1-3 

APPENDIX 1

AIRPLANE SINGLE-ENGINE LAND

FLIGHT TASK FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVELAreas of Operation: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A II. Preflight Procedures

A. Preflight Inspection (Cockpit Only) __ A X A A X X X B. Cockpit Management __ A X A A X X X C. Engine Starting __ A X A A X X X D. Taxiing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _E. Before Takeoff Check __ A X A A X X X 

IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds

A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _B. Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _E. Short-Field Takeoff and Climb __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X F. Short-Field Approach and Landing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _G. Go-Around * __ __ X __ __ X X X 

V. Performance Maneuvers

A. Steep Turns __ __ X __ __ X X X 

VII. Navigation *

B. Navigation Systems and ATC Radar Services __ A __ __ A X X X C. Diversion __ A X __ A X X X D. Lost Procedures __ A X __ A X X X 
Single-Engine Land Appendix 1-5 

APPENDIX 1

AIRPLANE SINGLE-ENGINE LAND

FLIGHT TASK FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVELAreas of Operation: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A VIII.Slow Flight and Stalls

A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight __ __ X __ __ X X X 

IX. Emergency Operations

A. Emergency Descent __ __ X __ __ X X X B. Emergency Approach and Landing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _C. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions __ A X A A X X X 

X. High Altitude Operations

B. Pressurization __ A X A A X X X 

XI. Postflight Procedures

A. After Landing __ A X A A X X X 
SECTION 2

COMMERCIAL PILOT—AIRPLANE

Multiengine Land

and

Multiengine Sea
2-i FAA-S-8081-12B

CONTENTS

Airplane Multiengine Land

and

Airplane Multiengine Sea

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLES:

Airplane MultiEngine Land...................................................... 2-v

Airplane MultiEngine Sea.......................................................2-vii

CHECKLISTS:

Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist ........................................ 2-ix

Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist........................................ 2-xi

AREAS OF OPERATION:

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION.................................................. 2-1

A. Certificates and Documents (AMEL and AMES).............. 2-1

B. Airworthiness Requirements (AMEL and AMES)............. 2-2

C. Weather Information (AMEL and AMES) ......................... 2-2

D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (AMEL and AMES).......... 2-3

E. National Airspace System (AMEL and AMES)................. 2-3

F. Performance and Limitations (AMEL and AMES)............ 2-4

G. Operation of Systems (AMEL and AMES) ....................... 2-4

H. Principles of Flight—Engine Inoperative

 (AMEL and AMES)......................................................... 2-5

I. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (AMES).................. 2-6

J. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to

 Marine Navigation (AMES)............................................. 2-6

K. Aeromedical Factors (AMEL and AMES)......................... 2-7

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES................................................... 2-8

A. Preflight Inspection (AMEL and AMES) ........................... 2-8

B. Cockpit Management (AMEL and AMES)........................ 2-8

C. Engine Starting (AMEL and AMES) ................................. 2-8

D. Taxiing (AMEL) ................................................................ 2-9

E. Taxiing and Sailing (AMES) ............................................. 2-9

F. Before Takeoff Check (AMEL and AMES)..................... 2-10
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-ii

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS ..............2-11

A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals

 (AMEL and AMES).......................................................2-11

B. Traffic Patterns (AMEL and AMES)................................2-11

C. Airport/Seaplane Base, Runway, and Taxiway Signs,

 Markings, and Lighting (AMEL and AMES)..................2-12

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS....................2-13

A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb

 (AMEL and AMES).......................................................2-13

B. Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing

 (AMEL and AMES).......................................................2-14

C. Short-Field Takeoff (Confined Area—AMEL) and

 Maximum Performance Climb (AMEL and AMES) ......2-15

D. Short-Field (Confined Area—AMES) Approach

 and Landing (AMEL and AMES) ..................................2-16

E. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (AMES)......................2-17

F. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (AMES)...............2-18

G. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (AMES) ......................2-19

H. Rough Water Approach and Landing (AMES) ...............2-20

I. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (AMEL and AMES) .........2-21

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER..............................................2-22

Steep Turns (AMEL and AMES).............................................2-22

VI. NAVIGATION.........................................................................2-23

A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (AMEL and AMES) ........2-23

B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services

 (AMEL and AMES).......................................................2-23

C. Diversion (AMEL and AMES).........................................2-24

D. Lost Procedures (AMEL and AMES)..............................2-24

VII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS ...............................................2-25

A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (AMEL and AMES).....2-25

B. Power-Off Stalls (AMEL and AMES)..............................2-26

C. Power-On Stalls (AMEL and AMES)..............................2-27

D. Spin Awareness (AMEL and AMES)..............................2-27
2-iii FAA-S-8081-12B

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS................................................ 2-28

A. Emergency Descent (AMEL and AMES) ....................... 2-28

B. Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)

 (AMEL and AMES)....................................................... 2-28

C. Engine Failure After Lift-Off (Simulated)

 (AMEL and AMES)....................................................... 2-29

D. Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine

 (Simulated) (AMEL and AMES) ................................... 2-30

E. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions

 (AMEL and AMES)....................................................... 2-31

F. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear

 (AMEL and AMES)....................................................... 2-32

IX. HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS........................................... 2-33

A. Supplemental Oxygen (AMEL and AMES) .................... 2-33

B. Pressurization (AMEL and AMES)................................. 2-33

X. MULTIENGINE OPERATIONS.............................................. 2-34

A. Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative

 (AMEL and AMES)....................................................... 2-34

B. Vmc Demonstration (AMEL and AMES) ........................ 2-35

C. Engine Failure During Flight (by Reference to

 Instruments) (AMEL and AMES).................................. 2-36

D. Instrument Approach—One Engine Inoperative

 (by Reference to Instruments) (AMEL and AMES) ...... 2-37

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES .............................................. 2-38

A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing

 (AMEL and AMES)....................................................... 2-38

B. Anchoring (AMES) ......................................................... 2-38

C. Docking and Mooring (AMES)........................................ 2-39

D. Ramping/Beaching (AMES) ........................................... 2-39

APPENDIX 2—TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT

Task vs. Simulation Device Credit ........................... Appendix 2-1

Use of Chart............................................................. Appendix 2-1

Flight Simulation Device Level................................. Appendix 2-3
2-v FAA-S-8081-12B

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE

Airplane Multiengine Land

Addition of an Airplane Multiengine Land Rating

to an existing Commercial Pilot Certificate

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(s)

or an indication that all or none of the TASKs must be tested based on

the notes in each AREA OF OPERATION.

COMMERCIAL PILOT RATING(S) HELD

AREAS

OF

OPERATION

ASEL ASES AMES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship

I F,G,H F,G,H F,G F,G,H F,G,H F,G,H F,G,H F,G,H

II ALL ALL D ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

III NONE C C B,C NONE B,C B,C B,C

IV A,B,C,

D

A,B,C,

D

A,B,C,

D

A,B,C,

D,I

A,B,C,

D,I

A,B,C,

D,I

A,B,C,

D,I

A,B,C,

D,I

V ALL ALL NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VI NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE

VII ALL ALL NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VIII ALL ALL B,D,E ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

IX NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

X ALL ALL NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

XI NONE A A A A A A A
2-vii FAA-S-8081-12B

ADDITIONAL RATING TASK TABLE

Airplane Multiengine Sea

Addition of an Airplane Multiengine Sea Rating

to an existing Commercial Pilot Certificate

Required TASKs are indicated by either the TASK letter(s) that apply(s)

or an indication that all or none of the TASKs must be tested based on

the notes in each AREA OF OPERATION.

COMMERCIAL PILOT RATING(S) HELD

AREAS

OF

OPERATION

AMEL ASEL ASES RH RG Glider Balloon Airship

I F,G,I,J F,G,H,

I,J

F,G,H F,G,H,

I,J

F,G,H,

I,J

F,G,H,

I,J

F,G,H,

I,J

F,G,H,

I,J

II E ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

III C C NONE B,C C B,C B,C B,C

IV

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

G,H

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

G,H

A,B,C,

D,E,F,

G,H

ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

V NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VI NONE NONE NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL NONE

VII NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

VIII B,D,E ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

IX NONE NONE NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

X NONE ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL

XI B,C,D B,C,D NONE ALL B,C,D ALL ALL ALL
2-ix FAA-S-8081-12B

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER:

EXAMINER’S NAME_____________________________

LOCATION ____________________________________

DATE/TIME ____________________________________

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT

! Aircraft Documents:

Airworthiness Certificate

Registration Certificate

Operating Limitations

! Aircraft Maintenance Records:

Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections

and AD Compliance

! Pilot’s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved

Airplane Flight Manual

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT

! View-Limiting Device

! Current Aeronautical Charts

! Computer and Plotter

! Flight Plan Form

! Flight Logs

! Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate

Publications

PERSONAL RECORDS

! Identification - Photo/Signature ID

! Pilot Certificate

! Current Medical Certificate

! Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or

Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if

applicable)

! Computer Test Report

! Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements

! FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)

! Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)

! Examiner’s Fee (if applicable)
2-xi FAA-S-8081-12B

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST

Airplane Multiengine Land

and

Airplane Multiengine Sea

APPLICANT'S NAME_______________________________

LOCATION_______________________________________

DATE/TIME______________________________________

I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

! A. Certificates and Documents (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Airworthiness Requirements (AMEL and AMES)

! C. Weather Information (AMEL and AMES)

! D. Cross-Country Flight Planning (AMEL and AMES)

! E. National Airspace System (AMEL and AMES)

! F. Performance and Limitations (AMEL and AMES)

! G. Operation of Systems (AMEL and AMES)

! H. Principles of Flight—Engine Inoperative (AMEL and AMES)

! I. Water and Seaplane Characteristics (AMES)

! J. Seaplane Bases, Maritime Rules, and Aids to

 Marine Navigation (AMES)

! K. Aeromedical Factors (AMEL and AMES)

II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

! A. Preflight Inspection (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Cockpit Management (AMEL and AMES)

! C. Engine Starting (AMEL and AMES)

! D. Taxiing (AMEL)

! E. Taxiing and Sailing (AMES)

! F. Before Takeoff Check (AMEL and AMES)

III. AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE BASE OPERATIONS

! A. Radio Communications and ATC Light Signals

 (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Traffic Patterns (AMEL and AMES)

! C. Airport/Seaplane Base, Runway, and Taxiway Signs,

 Markings, and Lighting (AMEL and AMES)
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-xii

IV. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS

! A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb

 (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing

 (AMEL and AMES)

! C. Short-Field Takeoff (Confined Area—AMEL) and

 Maximum Performance Climb (AMEL and AMES)

! D. Short-Field (Confined Area—AMES) Approach

 and Landing (AMEL and AMES)

! E. Glassy Water Takeoff and Climb (AMES)

! F. Glassy Water Approach and Landing (AMES)

! G. Rough Water Takeoff and Climb (AMES)

! H. Rough Water Approach and Landing (AMES)

! I. Go-Around/Rejected Landing (AMEL and AMES)

V. PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

! Steep Turns (AMEL and AMES)

VI. NAVIGATION

! A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services (AMEL and AMES)

! C. Diversion (AMEL and AMES)

! D. Lost Procedures (AMEL and AMES)

VII. SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS

! A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Power-Off Stalls (AMEL and AMES)

! C. Power-On Stalls (AMEL and AMES)

! D. Spin Awareness (AMEL and AMES)

VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

! A. Emergency Descent (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC (Simulated)

 (AMEL and AMES)

! C. Engine Failure After Lift-Off (Simulated) (AMEL and AMES)

! D. Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine

 (Simulated) (AMEL and AMES)

! E. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions

 (AMEL and AMES)

! F. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear (AMEL and AMES)
2-xiii FAA-S-8081-12B

IX. HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS

! A. Supplemental Oxygen (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Pressurization (AMEL and AMES)

X. MULTIENGINE OPERATIONS

! A. Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative

 (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Vmc Demonstration (AMEL and AMES)

! C. Engine Failure During Flight (by Reference to

 Instruments) (AMEL and AMES)

! D. Instrument Approach—One Engine Inoperative

 (by Reference to Instruments) (AMEL and AMES)

XI. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

! A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing (AMEL and AMES)

! B. Anchoring (AMES)

! C. Docking and Mooring (AMES)

! D. Ramping/Beaching (AMES)
2-1 FAA-S-8081-12B

I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

NOTE: The examiner shall develop a scenario based on real time

weather to evaluate TASKs C and D.

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-

23/FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to certificates and documents by:

1. Explaining—

a. commercial pilot certificate privileges limitations

and recent flight experience requirements.

b. medical certificate class and duration.

c. pilot logbook or flight records.

2. Locating and explaining—

a. airworthiness and registration certificates.

b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and

POH/AFM.

c. weight and balance data and equipment list.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-2

B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to airworthiness requirements by:

1. Explaining—

a. required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR.

b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of

the airplane with inoperative instruments and equipment with

and without an MEL.

c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight

permit.

2. Locating and explaining—

a. airworthiness directives.

b. compliance records.

c. maintenance/inspection requirements.

d. appropriate record keeping.

C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-23/FAA-H8083-25, AC 61-84; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather

information by analyzing weather reports, charts, and forecasts

from various sources with emphasis on—

a. METAR, TAF, and FA.

b. surface analysis chart.

c. radar summary chart.

d. winds and temperature aloft chart.

e. significant weather prognostic charts.

f. convective outlook chart.

g. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports.

2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available

weather information.
2-3 FAA-S-8081-12B

D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25, AC 61-84;

Navigation Charts; A/FD; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight

planning by presenting and explaining a pre-planned VFR crosscountry flight, as previously assigned by the examiner. On the

day of the practical test, the final flight plan shall be to the first

fuel stop, based on maximum allowable passengers, baggage

and/or cargo loads using real time weather.

2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts.

3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features.

4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints.

5. Selects most favorable altitudes considering weather conditions

and equipment capabilities.

6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements.

7. Selects appropriate navigation system/facilities and

communication frequencies.

8. Applies pertinent information from NOTAMs, A/FD, and other

flight publications.

9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight

plan.

E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:

1. Basic VFR weather minimums—for all classes of airspace.

2. Airspace classes—their operating rules, pilot certification, and

airplane equipment requirements for the following—

a. Class A.

b. Class B.

c. Class C.

d. Class D.

e. Class E.

f. Class G.

3. Special use and other airspace areas.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-4

F. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-1, AC 61-84;

POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and

limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to

determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding

limitations.

2. Computes weight and balance. Determines if the computed

weight and center of gravity is within the airplane’s operating

limitations and if the weight and center of gravity will remain

within limits during all phases of flight.

3. Demonstrates use of the appropriate performance charts, tables,

and data.

4. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the airplane's

performance.

G. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to the operation of systems on the airplane provided for

the practical test, by explaining at least five (5) of the following systems:

1. Primary flight controls and trim.

2. Flaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers.

3. Water rudders (ASES).

4. Powerplant and propeller.

5. Landing gear.

6. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic.

7. Electrical.

8. Avionics.

9. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure and associated flight instruments.

10. Environmental.

11. Deicing and anti-icing.
2-5 FAA-S-8081-12B

H. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT—ENGINE INOPERATIVE

(AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to engine inoperative principles of flight by explaining

the:

1. meaning of the term “critical engine.”

2. effects of density altitude on the VMC demonstration.

3. effects of airplane weight and center of gravity on control.

4. effects of angle of bank on VMC.

5. relationship of VMC to stall speed.

6. reasons for loss of directional control.

7. indications of loss of directional control.

8. importance of maintaining the proper pitch and bank attitude,

and the proper coordination of controls.

9. loss of directional control recovery procedure.

10. engine failure during takeoff including planning, decisions, and

single-engine operations.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-6

I. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (AMES)

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-3.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to water and seaplane characteristics by explaining:

1. The characteristics of a water surface as affected by features,

such as—

a. size and location.

b. protected and unprotected areas.

c. surface wind.

d. direction and strength of water current.

e. floating and partially submerged debris.

f. sandbars, islands, and shoals.

g. vessel traffic and wakes.

h. other features peculiar to the area.

2. Float and hull construction, and their effect on seaplane

performance.

3. Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action required

to prevent or correct these occurrences.

J. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, MARITIME RULES, AND AIDS TO

MARINE NAVIGATION (AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to seaplane bases, maritime rules, and aids to marine

navigation by explaining:

1. How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in

directories.

2. Operating restrictions at various bases.

3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane

operation.

4. Marine navigation aids, such as buoys, beacons, lights, and

sound signals.
2-7 FAA-S-8081-12B

K. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: AC 61-23/FAA/H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:

1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at least

four (4) of the following—

a. hypoxia.

b. hyperventilation.

c. middle ear and sinus problems.

d. spatial disorientation.

e. motion sickness.

f. carbon monoxide poisoning.

g. stress and fatigue.

h. dehydration.

2. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.

3. The effects of excess nitrogen during scuba dives upon a pilot or

passenger in flight.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-8

II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

.

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection.

This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for

checking each item, and how to detect possible defects.

2. Inspects the airplane with reference to an appropriate checklist.

3. Verifies that the airplane is in condition for safe flight.

B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit

management procedures.

2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and cabin are secured.

3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they

are readily available.

4. Briefs occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses,

doors, and emergency procedures.

C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25, AC 91-13,

AC 91-55; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended

engine starting procedures. This shall include the use of an

external power source, and starting under various atmospheric

conditions.

2. Positions the airplane properly considering structures, surface

conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and

property.

3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure.
2-9 FAA-S-8081-12B

D. TASK: TAXIING (AMEL)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi

procedures.

2. Performs a brake check immediately after the airplane begins

moving.

3. Positions flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions.

4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.

5. Complies with airport/taxiway markings, signals, ATC

clearances, and instructions.

6. Taxies so as to avoid other aircraft and hazards.

E. TASK: TAXIING AND SAILING (AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; USCG NAVIGATION RULES,

INTERNATIONAL−INLAND; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to water taxi and

sailing procedures.

2. Positions the flight controls properly for the existing wind

conditions.

3. Plans and follows the most favorable course while taxi or sailing

considering wind, water current, water conditions and maritime

regulations.

4. Uses the appropriate idle, plow, or step taxi technique.

5. Uses flight controls, flaps, doors, water rudder, and power

correctly so as to follow the desired course while sailing.

6. Prevents and corrects for porpoising and skipping.

7. Avoids other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.

8. Complies with seaplane base signs, signals, and clearances.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-10

F. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff

check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and

how to detect malfunctions.

2. Positions the airplane properly considering other aircraft/vessels,

wind and surface conditions.

3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit.

4. Ensures the engine temperatures and pressure are suitable for

run-up and takeoff.

5. Accomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the

airplane is in safe operating condition.

6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances,

departures and emergency procedures.

7. Avoids runway incursion and/or ensures no conflict with traffic

prior to taxiing into takeoff position.
2-11 FAA-S-8081-12B

III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND SEAPLANE

BASE OPERATIONS

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS

(AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio

communications and ATC light signals.

2. Selects appropriate frequencies.

3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.

4. Acknowledges radio communications and complies with

instructions.

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25, AC 90-66;

AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns.

This shall include procedures at airports with and without

operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions,

collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind

shear.

2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures.

3. Maintains proper spacing from other aircraft.

4. Corrects for wind-drift to maintain proper ground track.

5. Maintains orientation with runway/landing area in use.

6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude ±100 feet (30 meters), and

appropriate airspeed ±10 knots.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-12

C. TASK: AIRPORT/SEAPLANE BASE, RUNWAY, AND TAXIWAY

SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/seaplane

base, runway, and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway

incursion avoidance.

2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/seaplane base, runway,

and taxiway signs, markings, and lighting.
2-13 FAA-S-8081-12B

IV.AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND

GO-AROUNDS

A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

(AMEL and AMES)

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's

knowledge of crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral

testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and

crosswind takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff

procedures.

2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions.

3. Clears the area, taxies onto the takeoff surface and aligns the

airplane on the runway center/takeoff path.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate, (AMES) advances the

throttles smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift off

attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping (AMES).

6. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.

7. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY ±5 knots.

8. Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive

rate of climb is established.

9. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering

altitude.

10. Maintains directional control, proper wind-drift correction

throughout the takeoff and climb.

11. Complies with noise abatement procedures.

12. Completes appropriate checklists.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-14

B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND

LANDING (AMEL and AMES)

NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's

knowledge of the crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral

testing.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and

crosswind approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area (AMES).

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions,

and selects a suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing

configuration and airspeed and adjusts pitch attitude and power

as required.

5. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or

in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, ±5 knots, with wind gust

factor applied.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the

roundout and touchdown.

7. Contacts the water at the proper pitch attitude (AMES).

8. Touches down smoothly at approximate stalling speed (AMEL).

9. Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified

point, with no drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned

with and over the runway center/landing path.

10. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

11. Completes appropriate checklist.
2-15 FAA-S-8081-12B

C. TASK: SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF (CONFINED AREA—AMEL)

AND MAXIMUM PREFORMANCE CLIMB (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field

confined area (AMES) takeoff and maximum performance climb.

2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions, sets

flaps as recommended.

3. Clears the area; taxies into takeoff position utilizing maximum

available takeoff area and aligns the airplane on the runway

center/takeoff path.

4. Selects an appropriate take-off path for the existing conditions

(AMES).

5. Applies brakes (if appropriate) while advancing the throttles

smoothly to takeoff power.

6. Establishes and maintains the most efficient planing/lift off

attitude and corrects for porpoising and skipping (AMES).

7. Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to

recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX.

8. Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended

obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX, +5/-0 knots, until the

obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters)

above the surface.

9. After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY,

accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, ±5 knots, during the climb.

10. Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of

any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.

11. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering

altitude.

12. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout the takeoff and climb.

13. Completes appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-16

D. TASK: SHORT-FIELD (CONFINED AREA—AMES) APPROACH

AND LANDING (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field

(confined area AMES) approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area (AMES).

3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions,

and selects the most suitable touchdown point.

4. Establishes the recommended approach and landing

configuration and airspeed; adjusts pitch attitude and power as

required.

5. Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach

airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, ±5 knots,

with wind gust factor applied.

6. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the

roundout and touchdown.

7. Selects the proper landing path, contacts the water at the

minimum safe airspeed with the proper pitch attitude for the

surface conditions (AMES).

8. Touches down smoothly at minimum control airspeed (AMEL).

9. Touches down at or within 100 feet (30 meters) beyond a

specified point, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the

airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway

center/landing path.

10. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

11. Applies brakes (AMEL) or elevator control (AMES), as necessary,

to stop in the shortest distance consistent with safety.

12. Completes appropriate checklist.
2-17 FAA-S-8081-12B

E. TASK: GLASSY WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (AMES)

NOTE: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be

evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water

takeoff and climb.

2. Positions the flight controls and flaps for the existing conditions.

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering

surface hazards and/or vessels and surface conditions.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle

smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude,

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, and

increases in water drag.

6. Utilizes appropriate techniques to lift seaplane from the water

considering surface conditions.

7. Establishes proper attitude/airspeed, and accelerates to VY, ± 5

knots during the climb.

8. Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a

positive rate of climb is established.

9. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering

altitude.

10. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout takeoff and climb.

11. Completes the appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-18

F. TASK: GLASSY WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (AMES)

NOTE: If a glassy water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be

evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to glassy water

approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water depth, hazards,

surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

4. Selects the most suitable approach path and touchdown area.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing

configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power

as required.

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended

approach airspeed, ± 5 knots and maintains a touchdown pitch

attitude and descent rate from the last altitude reference until

touchdown.

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control

adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent

to touchdown.

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and slows to idle

taxi speed.

9. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

10. Completes the appropriate checklist.
2-19 FAA-S-8081-12B

G. TASK: ROUGH WATER TAKEOFF AND CLIMB (AMES)

NOTE: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be

evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water

takeoff and climb.

2. Positions the flight controls and flaps for the existing conditions.

3. Clears the area; selects an appropriate takeoff path considering

wind, swells surface hazards, and/or vessels.

4. Retracts the water rudders as appropriate; advances the throttle

smoothly to takeoff power.

5. Establishes and maintains an appropriate planing attitude,

directional control, and corrects for porpoising, skipping, or

excessive bouncing.

6. Lifts off at minimum airspeed and accelerates to VY, ± 5 knots

before leaving ground effect.

7. Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a

positive rate of climb is established.

8. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering

altitude.

9. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout takeoff and climb.

10. Completes the appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-20

H. TASK: ROUGH WATER APPROACH AND LANDING (AMES)

NOTE: If a rough water condition does not exist, the applicant shall be

evaluated by simulating the TASK.

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rough water

approach and landing.

2. Adequately surveys the intended landing area.

3. Considers the wind conditions, water, depth, hazards,

surrounding terrain, and other watercraft.

4. Selects the most suitable approach path, and touchdown area.

5. Establishes the recommended approach and landing

configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power

as required.

6. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended

approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO ± 5

knots with wind gust factor applied.

7. Makes smooth, timely, and correct power and control application

during the roundout and touch down.

8. Contacts the water in the proper pitch attitude, and at the proper

airspeed, considering the type of rough water.

9. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

10. Completes the appropriate checklist.
2-21 FAA-S-8081-12B

I. TASK: GO-AROUND/REJECTED LANDING (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a goaround/rejected landing.

2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing.

3. Applies takeoff power immediately and transitions to climb pitch

attitude for VY and maintains VY ±5 knots.

4. Retracts flaps, as appropriate.

5. Retracts the landing gear if appropriate after a positive rate of

climb is established.

6. Maneuvers to the side of runway/landing area to clear and avoid

conflicting traffic.

7. Maintains takeoff power and VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering

altitude.

8. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction

throughout the climb.

9. Completes the appropriate checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-22

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVER

TASK: STEEP TURNS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns.

2. Establishes the manufacturer's recommended airspeed or if one

is not stated, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA.

3. Rolls into a coordinated 360° steep turn with at least a 50° bank,

followed by a 360° steep turn in the opposite direction.

4. Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.

5. Maintains the entry altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters), airspeed,

±10 knots, bank, ±5°; and rolls out on the entry heading, ±10°.
2-23 FAA-S-8081-12B

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION

A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCE: AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead

reckoning.

2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks.

3. Identifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart

symbols.

4. Navigates by means of precomputed headings, groundspeed,

and elapsed time.

5. Corrects for and records differences between preflight

groundspeed and heading calculations and those determined en

route.

6. Verifies the airplane's position within two (2) nautical miles of

flight planned route.

7. Arrives at the en route checkpoints within three (3) minutes of the

initial or revised ETA and provides a destination estimate.

8. Maintains appropriate altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters), and

heading, ±10°.

B. TASK: NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND RADAR SERVICES (AMEL

and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-23/FAA-H-8083-25; Navigation

Equipment Operation Manuals, AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to navigation

systems and radar services.

2. Demonstrates the ability to use an airborne electronic navigation

system.

3. Locates the airplane's position using the navigation system.

4. Intercepts and tracks a given course, radial, or bearing, as

appropriate.

5. Recognizes and describes the indication of station passage, if

appropriate.

6. Recognizes signal loss and takes appropriate action.

7. Uses proper communication procedures when utilizing radar

services.

8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters) and

heading, ±10°.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-24

C. TASK: DIVERSION (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.

2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport and route.

3. Makes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival

time, and fuel consumption to the alternate airport.

4. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters), and

heading, ±10°.

D. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.

2. Selects an appropriate course of action.

3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary.

4. Identifies prominent landmarks.

5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and/or contacts an ATC facility

for assistance, as appropriate.
2-25 FAA-S-8081-12B

VII. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS

A. TASK: MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT

(AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering

during slow flight.

2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed

no lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters) AGL.

3. Establishes and maintains an airspeed at which any further

increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in

power, would result in an immediate stall.

4. Accomplishes coordinated straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs,

and descents with landing gear and flap configurations specified

by the examiner.

5. Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.

6. Maintains the specified altitude, ±50 feet (15 meters); specified

heading, ±10°; airspeed +5/−0 knots, and specified angle of bank, 

±5°.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-26

B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALLS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-67; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls.

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no

lower than 3,000 feet (460 meters) AGL.

3. Establishes a stabilized descent in the approach or landing

configuration, as specified by the examiner.

4. Transitions smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to a

pitch attitude that will induce a stall.

5. Maintains a specified heading ±10°, in straight flight; maintains a

specified angle of bank, not to exceed 20°, ±5°, in turning flight

while inducing the stall.

6. Recognizes and recovers promptly as the stall occurs by

simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power to

maximum allowable, and leveling the wings to return to a straightand-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude

appropriate for the airplane.

7. Retracts the flaps to the recommended setting, retracts the

landing gear, if retractable, after a positive rate of climb is

established.

8. Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction;

returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the

examiner.
2-27 FAA-S-8081-12B

C. TASK: POWER-ON STALLS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-67; POH/AFM.

NOTE: In some high performance airplanes, the power setting may

have to be reduced below the practical test standards guideline power

setting to prevent excessively high pitch attitudes (greater than 30° nose

up).

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-on stalls.

2. Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no

lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters) AGL.

3. Establishes the takeoff or departure configuration. Sets power to

no less than 65 percent available power.

4. Transitions smoothly from the takeoff or departure attitude to a

pitch attitude that will induce a stall.

5. Maintains a specified heading ±5°, in straight flight; maintains a

specified angle of bank, not to exceed a 20°, ±10° in turning

flight, while inducing the stall.

6. Recognizes and recovers promptly as the stall occurs by

simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power to

maximum allowable, and leveling the wings to return to a straightand-level flight attitude, with a minimum loss of altitude

appropriate for the airplane.

7. Retracts flaps to the recommended setting, retracts the landing

gear if retractable, after a positive rate of climb is established.

8. Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction;

returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the

examiner.

D. TASK: SPIN AWARENESS (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-67; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to spin awareness by explaining:

1. Aerodynamic factors related to spins.

2. Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur.

3. Procedures for recovery from unintentional spins.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-28

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS

NOTE: Examiners shall select an entry altitude that will allow the single

engine demonstrations TASK to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet

(920 meters) AGL or the manufacturer's recommended altitude,

whichever is higher. At altitudes lower than 3,000 feet (920 meters)

AGL, engine failure shall be simulated by reducing throttle to idle and

then establishing zero thrust.

A. TASK: EMERGENCY DESCENT (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an emergency

descent.

2. Recognizes situations, such as depressurization, cockpit smoke

and/or fire that require an emergency descent.

3. Establishes the appropriate airspeed and configuration for the

emergency descent.

4. Exhibits orientation, division of attention, and proper planning.

5. Maintains positive load factors during the descent.

6. Completes appropriate checklists.

B. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF BEFORE VMC

(SIMULATED) (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

NOTE: Engine failure (simulated) shall be accomplished before

reaching 50 percent of the calculated VMC.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the procedure used

for engine failure during takeoff prior to reaching VMC.

2. Closes the throttles smoothly and promptly when simulated

engine failure occurs.

3. Maintains directional control and applies brakes (AMEL) or flight

controls (AMES), as necessary.
2-29 FAA-S-8081-12B

C. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE AFTER LIFT-OFF (SIMULATED)

(AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the procedure

used for engine failure after lift-off.

2. Recognizes a simulated engine failure promptly, maintains

control, and utilizes appropriate emergency procedures.

3. Reduces drag, identifies and verifies the inoperative engine after

simulated engine failure.

4. Simulates feathering the propeller on the inoperative engine.

Examiner shall then establish zero-thrust on the inoperative

engine.

5. Establishes VYSE; If obstructions are present, establishes VXSE or

VMC +5 knots, whichever is greater, until obstructions are

cleared. Then transitions to VYSE.

6. Banks toward the operating engine as required for best

performance.

7. Monitors operating engine and makes adjustments, as

necessary.

8. Recognizes the airplane's performance capabilities. If a climb is

not possible at VYSE, maintain VYSE and return to the departure

airport for landing, or initiates an approach to the most suitable

landing area available.

9. Secures the (simulated) inoperative engine.

10. Maintains heading, ±10°, and airspeed, ±5 knots.

11. Completes appropriate emergency checklist.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-30

D. TASK: APPROACH AND LANDING WITH AN INOPERATIVE

ENGINE (SIMULATED) (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an approach and

landing with an engine inoperative to include engine failure on

final approach.

2. Recognizes engine failure and takes appropriate action,

maintains control, and utilizes recommended emergency

procedures.

3. Banks toward the operating engine, as required, for best

performance.

4. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments as

necessary.

5. Maintains the recommended approach airspeed ±5 knots, and

landing configuration with a stabilized approach, until landing is

assured.

6 Makes smooth, timely and correct control applications during

roundout and touchdown.

7. Touches down on the first one-third of available runway, with

no drift and the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with and

over the runway center/landing path.

8. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control

throughout the approach and landing sequence.

9. Completes appropriate checklists.
2-31 FAA-S-8081-12B

E. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS (AMEL

and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to systems and

equipment malfunctions appropriate to the airplane provided for

the practical test.

2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated

emergencies appropriate to the airplane provided for the

practical test for at least five (5) of the following—

a. partial or complete power loss.

b. engine roughness or overheat.

c. carburetor or induction icing.

d. loss of oil pressure.

e. fuel starvation.

f. electrical malfunction.

g. vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments

malfunction.

h. pitot/static.

i. landing gear or flap malfunction.

j. inoperative trim.

k. inadvertant door or window opening.

l. structural icing.

m. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire.

n. any other emergency appropriate to the airplane.

3. Follows the appropriate checklist or procedure.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-32

F. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR (ASEL

and ASES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment

and survival gear appropriate to the airplane and environment

encountered during flight. Identifies appropriate equipment that

should be aboard the airplane.
2-33 FAA-S-8081-12B

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS

A. TASK: SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-107; AIM,

POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the

elements related to supplemental oxygen by explaining:

1. Supplemental oxygen requirements for flight crew and

passengers when operating non-pressurized airplanes.

2. Identification and differences between “aviators” breathing

oxygen” and other types.

3. Operational characteristics of continuous flow, demand, and

pressure-demand oxygen systems.

B. TASK: PRESSURIZATION (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-107; AIM, POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pressurization by

explaining—

a. fundamental concept of cabin pressurization.

b. supplemental oxygen requirements when operating airplanes

with pressurized cabins.

c. physiological hazards associated with high altitude flight and

decompression.

NOTE: Element 2 applies only if the airplane provided for the practical

test is equipped for pressurized flight operations.

2. Operates the pressurization system properly, and reacts

appropriately to simulated pressurization malfunctions.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-34

X. AREA OF OPERATION: MULTIENGINE OPERATIONS

NOTE: If the applicant is instrument rated, and has previously

demonstrated instrument proficiency in a multiengine airplane or does

not hold an instrument rating airplane, TASKs D and C need not be

accomplished.

A. TASK: MANEUVERING WITH ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE

(AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

NOTE: The feathering of one propeller shall be demonstrated in flight,

in a multiengine airplane equipped with propellers which can be safely

feathered and unfeathered. The maneuver shall be performed at

altitudes and positions where safe landings on established airports can

be readily accomplished. In the event a propeller cannot be unfeathered

during the practical test, it shall be treated as an emergency.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering with

one engine inoperative.

2. Recognizes engine failure and maintains control.

3. Sets the engine controls, reduces drag, identifies and verifies

the inoperative engine, and feathers appropriate propeller.

4. Establishes and maintains a bank toward the operating engine

as required for best performance in straight and level flight.

5. Follows the prescribed checklists to verify procedures for

securing the inoperative engine.

6. Monitors the operating engine and makes necessary

adjustments.

7. Demonstrates coordinated flight with one engine inoperative

(propeller feathered).

8. Restarts the inoperative engine using appropriate restart

procedures.

9. Maintains altitude ±100 feet (30 meters) or minimum sink as

appropriate and heading ±10°.

10. Completes the appropriate checklists.
2-35 FAA-S-8081-12B

B. TASK: VMC DEMONSTRATION (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

NOTE #1 An applicant seeking an airplane—multiengine land (AMEL)

rating, “Limited to Center Thrust,” is not required to be evaluated on this

TASK.

NOTE #2 Airplanes with normally aspirated engines will lose power as

altitude increases because of the reduced density of the air entering the

induction system of the engine. This loss of power will result in a VMC

lower than the stall speed at higher altitudes. Therefore, recovery should

be made at the first indication of loss of directional control, stall warning,

or buffet.

Do not perform this maneuver by increasing the pitch attitude to a high

angle with both engines operating and then reducing power on the

critical engine. This technique is hazardous and may result in loss of

airplane control.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to VMC by explaining

the causes of loss of directional control at airspeeds less than

VMC, the factors affecting VMC, and safe recovery procedures.

2. Configures the airplane at VSSE/VYSE, as appropriate—

a. Landing gear retracted.

b. Flaps set for takeoff.

c. Cowl flaps set for takeoff.

d. Trim set for takeoff.

e. Propellers set for high RPM.

f. Power on critical engine reduced to idle.

g. Power on operating engine set to takeoff or maximum

available power.

3. Establishes a single-engine climb attitude with the airspeed at

approximately 10 knots above VSSE or VYSE, as appropriate.

4. Establishes a bank toward the operating engine, as required for

best performance and controllability.

5. Increases the pitch attitude slowly to reduce the airspeed at

approximately 1 knot per second while applying rudder pressure

to maintain directional control until full rudder is applied.

6. Recognizes indications of loss of directional control, stall warning

or buffet.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-36

7. Recovers promptly by simultaneously reducing power sufficiently

on the operating engine while decreasing the angle of attack as

necessary to regain airspeed and directional control. Recovery

SHOULD NOT be attempted by increasing the power on the

simulated failed engine.

8. Recovers within 20° of the entry heading.

9. Advances power smoothly on operating engine and accelerates

to VXSE/VYSE, as appropriate, ± 5 knots, during the recovery.

C. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (By Reference to

Instruments) (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 61; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements by explaining the

procedures used during instrument flight with one engine

inoperative.

2. Recognizes engine failure, sets the engine controls, reduces

drag, identifies, and verifies the inoperative engine and

simulates feathering appropriate engine propeller.

3. Establishes and maintains a bank toward the operating engine

as required for best performance in straight and level.

4. Follows the prescribed checklists to verify procedures for

securing the inoperative engine.

5. Monitors the operating engine and makes necessary

adjustments.

6. Demonstrates coordinated flight with one engine inoperative.

7. Maintains altitude ±100 feet (30 meters), or minimum sink as

appropriate and heading ±10°, bank ±5°, and levels off from

climbs and descents within ± 100 feet (30 meters).
2-37 FAA-S-8081-12B

D. TASK: INSTRUMENT APPROACH—ONE ENGINE

INOPERATIVE (By Reference to Instruments) (AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 61; FAA-H-8083-3, AC 61-27; FAA-S8081-4.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements by explaining the

procedures used during a published instrument approach with

one engine inoperative.

2. Recognizes engine failure, sets the engine controls, reduces

drag, identifies and verifies the inoperative engine, and

simulates feathering appropriate engine propeller.

3. Establishes and maintains a bank toward the operating engine,

as required, for best performance in straight and level.

4. Follows the prescribed checklists to verify procedures for

securing the inoperative engine.

5. Monitors the operating engine and makes necessary

adjustments.

6. Requests and receives an actual or a simulated ATC clearance

for an instrument approach.

7. Follows the actual or a simulated ATC clearance for an

instrument approach.

8. Maintains altitude within 100 feet (30 meters), the airspeed

within ±10 knots if within the aircraft’s capability, and heading

±10°.

9. Establishes a rate of descent that will ensure arrival at the MDA

or DH/DA, with the airplane in a position from which a descent to

a landing, on the intended runway can be made, either straight

in or circling as appropriate.

10. On final approach segment, no more than three-quarter-scale

deflection of the CDI/glide slope indicator. For RMI or ADF

indicators, within 10° of the course.

11. Avoids loss of aircraft control, or attempted flight contrary to the

engine-inoperative operating limitations of the aircraft.

12. Complies with the published criteria for the aircraft approach

category when circling.

13. Completes landing and appropriate checklists.
FAA-S-8081-12B 2-38

XI. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES

NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK A and for AMES applicants at

least one other TASK.

A. TASK: AFTER LANDING, PARKING, AND SECURING

(AMEL and AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing,

parking and securing procedures.

2. Maintains directional control after touchdown while decelerating

to an appropriate speed.

3. Observes runway hold lines and other surface control markings

and lighting.

4. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby

persons and property.

5. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown.

6. Completes the appropriate checklist.

7. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the

aircraft.

B. TASK: ANCHORING (AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anchoring.

2. Selects a suitable area for anchoring, considering seaplane

movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes.

3. Uses an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient

strength and length to ensure the seaplane's security.
2-39 FAA-S-8081-12B

C. TASK: DOCKING AND MOORING (AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to docking and

mooring.

2. Approaches the dock or mooring buoy in the proper direction

considering speed, hazards, wind, and water current.

3. Ensures seaplane security.

D. TASK: RAMPING/BEACHING (AMES)

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM.

Objective. To determine that the applicant:

1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ramping/beaching.

2. Approaches the ramp/beach considering persons and property,

in the proper attitude and direction, at a safe speed, considering

water depth, tide, current, and wind.

3. Ramps/beaches and secures the seaplane in a manner that will

protect it from the harmful effect of wind, waves, and changes in

water level.
APPENDIX 2

TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT

Multiengine Land (MEL)
Multiengine Land Appendix 2-1 

APPENDIX 2

AIRPLANE MULTIENGINE LAND

TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT

Examiners conducting the Commercial Pilot–Airplane Practical Tests with flight simulation devices should consensure that the device has been approved for training, testing, or checking. The documentation for each device activities have occurred:

1. The device must be evaluated, determined to meet the appropriate standards, and assigned the a

the National Simulator Program Manager. The device must continue to meet qualification standards through cin the appropriate advisory circular (AC). For airplane flight training devices (FTDs), AC 120-45 (as amended)Qualifications, will be used. For simulators, AC 120-40 (as amended), Airplane Simulator Qualification, will be 

2. The FAA must approve the device for training, testing, and checking the specific flight TASKs lis3. The device must continue to support the level of student or applicant performance required by the 

NOTE: Users of the following chart are cautioned that use of the chart alone is incomplete. The description listed in the body of the PTS, including all notes, must also be incorporated for accurate simulation device use.

USE OF CHART

X Creditable.A Creditable if appropriate systems are installed and operating.

* Asterisk items require use of FTD or Simulator visual reference.

NOTES: 1. Use of Level 2 or Level 3 FTDs authorized only for those airplanes not requiring a type rating.

2. For practical tests, not more than 50 % of the maneuvers may be accomplished in an FTD or simu a. each maneuver has been satisfactorily accomplished for an instructor, in the appropriate airpl

OR

 b. the applicant has logged not less than 500 hours of flight time as a pilot in airplanes.3. Not all AREAS OF OPERATION (AOO) and TASKs required by this PTS are listed in the appen TASKs must be accomplished in an airplane.4. Standards for and use of Level 1 FTDs have not been determined.
Multiengine Land Appendix 2-3 

APPENDIX 2

AIRPLANE MULTIENGINE LAND

FLIGHT TASK FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVELAreas of Operation: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A II. Preflight Procedures

A. Preflight Inspection (Cockpit Only) __ A X A A X X X B. Cockpit Management __ A X A A X X X C. Engine Starting __ A X A A X X X D. Taxiing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _E. Before Takeoff Check __ A X A A X X X 

IV. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds

A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _B. Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _C. Short-Field Takeoff and Climb __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X D. Short-Field Approach and Landing __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _E. Go-Around * __ __ X __ __ X X X 

V. Performance Maneuver

Steep Turns __ __ X __ __ X X X 

VI. Navigation *

B. Navigation Systems and ATC Radar Services __ A __ __ A X X X C. Diversion __ A X __ A X X X D. Lost Procedures __ A X __ A X X X 
Multiengine Land Appendix 2-5 

APPENDIX 2

AIRPLANE MULTIENGINE LAND

FLIGHT TASK FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVELAreas of Operation: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A VII. Slow Flight and Stalls

A. Maneuvering During Slow Flight __ __ X __ __ X X X 

VIII. Emergency Operations

A. Emergency Descent __ __ X __ __ X X X B. Maneuvering with One Engine Inoperative __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X C. Engine Inoperative—Loss of Directional Control

Demonstration __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X 

D. Engine Failure During Takeoff Before VMC __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X E. Engine Failure After Lift-Off (Simulated) __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X F. Approach and Landing with an Inoperative Engine (Simulated) __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _G. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions __ A X A A X X X 

IX. Multiengine Operations

A. Engine Failure During Flight (By reference to instruments) __ __ X __ __ X X X B. Instrument Approach - All Engines Operating

(By reference to instruments) __ A X __ A X X X 

C. Instrument Approach - One Engine Inoperative

(By reference to instruments) __ __ __ __ __ __ __ X 
Multiengine Land Appendix 2-7 

APPENDIX 2

AIRPLANE MULTIENGINE LAND

FLIGHT TASK FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVELAreas of Operation: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A X. High Altitude Operations

B. Pressurization __ A X A A X X X 

XI. Postflight Procedures

A. After Landing __ A X A A X X X