# Appendix F

– Nonroad Mobile Source Summary

and Documentation

### Nonroad Emissions by County

County 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

1 Anderson 1.34 1.13 0.91 0.72 0.58 0.52

2 Blount 1.69 1.52 1.28 1.05 0.86 0.75

3 Jefferson 1.20 1.24 1.21 1.10 0.99 0.91

4 Knox 6.82 6.24 5.26 4.26 3.40 2.95

5 Loudon 1.00 0.96 0.87 0.76 0.66 0.59

6 Sevier 1.11 1.08 0.99 0.85 0.72 0.64

County 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

1 Anderson 2.92 2.66 2.27 1.87 1.49 1.35

2 Blount 4.12 3.75 3.22 2.70 2.22 2.07

3 Jefferson 5.34 4.65 3.75 2.96 2.18 1.77

4 Knox 9.34 8.04 6.60 5.70 5.26 5.22

5 Loudon 3.31 2.95 2.44 1.97 1.51 1.30

6 Sevier 9.24 9.01 8.18 6.87 5.39 4.92 NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 1 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Anderson

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 2.04 1.89 1.68 1.41 1.09 0.82

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.25 1.23 1.11 0.98 0.86 0.79

Construction & Mining Equipment 12.56 11.34 9.53 7.31 5.14 3.93

Industrial Equipment 19.50 13.60 8.72 5.86 4.46 4.30

Lawn/Garden Equipment 1.62 1.71 1.47 1.24 1.17 1.19

Logging Equipment 0.34 0.26 0.19 0.10 0.04 0.03

Oil Field Equipment 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01

Pleasure Craft 3.05 3.64 3.95 3.92 3.81 3.64

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.10 0.08

Recreational equipment 0.94 1.17 1.32 1.32 1.30 1.30

Underground Mining equipment 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 2 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Blount

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 6.48 5.99 5.32 4.48 3.44 2.62

Airport Support 1.36 1.26 1.08 0.82 0.55 0.35

Commercial Equipment 2.44 2.42 2.18 1.91 1.69 1.55

Construction & Mining Equipment 18.62 16.82 14.13 10.85 7.63 5.82

Industrial Equipment 13.76 9.76 6.45 4.49 3.56 3.50

Lawn/Garden Equipment 4.77 4.97 4.21 3.68 3.53 3.55

Logging Equipment 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 3.37 4.02 4.36 4.33 4.21 4.02

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.04

Recreational equipment 1.41 1.75 1.86 1.86 1.84 1.84

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 3 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Jefferson

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 6.25 5.79 5.14 4.33 3.32 2.52

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 0.72 0.71 0.64 0.56 0.50 0.46

Construction & Mining Equipment 8.52 7.70 6.47 4.97 3.49 2.67

Industrial Equipment 3.37 2.45 1.68 1.21 1.01 1.00

Lawn/Garden Equipment 0.57 0.61 0.53 0.43 0.39 0.41

Logging Equipment 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 16.91 20.12 21.83 21.70 21.09 20.11

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04

Recreational equipment 0.75 0.93 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.95

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 4 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Knox

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 4.92 4.55 4.04 3.41 2.62 1.99

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 20.95 20.71 18.66 16.38 14.47 13.24

Construction & Mining Equipment 120.37 108.74 91.33 70.11 49.29 37.63

Industrial Equipment 29.62 21.46 14.67 10.60 8.77 8.74

Lawn/Garden Equipment 27.01 27.88 23.52 20.83 20.07 20.13

Logging Equipment 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01

Pleasure Craft 7.22 8.59 9.32 9.27 9.01 8.60

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.20 0.16 0.13

Recreational equipment 0.94 1.15 1.09 1.08 1.08 1.08

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 5 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Loudon

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 5.10 4.72 4.19 3.53 2.71 2.06

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.24 1.23 1.11 0.97 0.86 0.79

Construction & Mining Equipment 9.23 8.34 7.00 5.38 3.78 2.89

Industrial Equipment 5.40 3.82 2.52 1.75 1.38 1.35

Lawn/Garden Equipment 1.33 1.39 1.18 1.02 0.98 0.99

Logging Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 7.70 9.16 9.94 9.89 9.61 9.17

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.09

Recreational equipment 0.69 0.85 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.91

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 6 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Sevier

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 2.99 2.77 2.46 2.07 1.59 1.21

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.23 1.21 1.09 0.96 0.85 0.77

Construction & Mining Equipment 17.53 15.84 13.30 10.21 7.18 5.48

Industrial Equipment 2.95 2.24 1.64 1.27 1.12 1.15

Lawn/Garden Equipment 2.50 2.58 2.20 1.89 1.80 1.82

Logging Equipment 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 2.27 2.68 2.91 2.89 2.81 2.68

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Recreational equipment 4.97 6.13 6.96 6.97 6.88 6.85

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 7 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Sum of ALL

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.90 0.83 0.74 0.62 0.48 0.36

Airport Support 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01

Commercial Equipment 0.90 0.89 0.80 0.70 0.62 0.57

Construction & Mining Equipment 6.03 5.44 4.57 3.51 2.47 1.88

Industrial Equipment 2.41 1.72 1.15 0.81 0.65 0.65

Lawn/Garden Equipment 1.22 1.26 1.07 0.94 0.90 0.91

Logging Equipment 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 1.31 1.56 1.69 1.68 1.63 1.56

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01

Recreational equipment 0.31 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Totals 13.16 12.17 10.51 8.74 7.21 6.37 NOX, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 8 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Page 9 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Anderson

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.25 0.22 0.18 0.16 0.13 0.11

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 2.00 1.72 1.34 1.16 1.16 1.21

Construction & Mining Equipment 1.91 1.63 1.39 1.21 1.07 0.99

Industrial Equipment 4.73 2.97 1.56 0.91 0.65 0.60

Lawn/Garden Equipment 11.81 10.28 8.36 7.20 7.01 7.36

Logging Equipment 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.20

Oil Field Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Pleasure Craft 22.57 19.02 14.77 11.29 7.96 5.94

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02

Recreational equipment 47.06 46.29 42.72 35.94 27.85 25.35

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 10 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Blount

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.81 0.69 0.58 0.49 0.41 0.35

Airport Support 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.07

Commercial Equipment 3.94 3.37 2.62 2.27 2.26 2.37

Construction & Mining Equipment 2.83 2.42 2.06 1.80 1.59 1.47

Industrial Equipment 3.23 2.04 1.09 0.64 0.46 0.44

Lawn/Garden Equipment 28.21 24.12 19.80 17.65 17.69 18.62

Logging Equipment 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 24.96 21.02 16.32 12.48 8.80 6.56

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

Recreational equipment 63.44 62.35 57.30 48.23 37.44 34.11

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 11 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Jefferson

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.78 0.66 0.56 0.48 0.39 0.34

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.15 0.99 0.77 0.67 0.66 0.69

Construction & Mining Equipment 1.29 1.11 0.94 0.82 0.73 0.67

Industrial Equipment 0.76 0.48 0.26 0.16 0.12 0.11

Lawn/Garden Equipment 5.44 4.85 3.86 3.19 3.02 3.16

Logging Equipment 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 124.19 104.74 81.24 62.09 43.75 32.60

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Recreational equipment 31.80 31.30 28.70 24.18 18.80 17.14

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 12 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Knox

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.61 0.52 0.44 0.38 0.31 0.27

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 33.80 29.08 22.64 19.62 19.47 20.44

Construction & Mining Equipment 18.27 15.68 13.31 11.65 10.27 9.52

Industrial Equipment 6.68 4.26 2.31 1.39 1.02 0.97

Lawn/Garden Equipment 143.71 122.03 101.23 92.08 93.54 98.62

Logging Equipment 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05

Oil Field Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Pleasure Craft 53.52 45.24 35.17 26.92 18.99 14.16

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03

Recreational equipment 32.74 32.22 29.28 24.73 19.34 17.69

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 13 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Loudon

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.63 0.54 0.45 0.39 0.32 0.28

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 2.01 1.74 1.35 1.17 1.16 1.22

Construction & Mining Equipment 1.40 1.20 1.02 0.89 0.79 0.73

Industrial Equipment 1.27 0.80 0.43 0.25 0.18 0.17

Lawn/Garden Equipment 8.55 7.42 6.06 5.32 5.28 5.55

Logging Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 57.09 48.36 37.62 28.80 20.34 15.17

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02

Recreational equipment 31.67 31.22 28.73 24.19 18.79 17.12

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 14 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Sevier

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.37 0.32 0.27 0.23 0.19 0.16

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.92 1.68 1.31 1.14 1.13 1.19

Construction & Mining Equipment 2.65 2.28 1.94 1.70 1.49 1.39

Industrial Equipment 0.60 0.39 0.22 0.14 0.11 0.10

Lawn/Garden Equipment 16.13 14.32 11.66 10.16 10.01 10.52

Logging Equipment 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 16.39 13.99 10.85 8.30 5.85 4.36

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Recreational equipment 248.17 246.14 227.35 191.21 148.11 134.77

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 15 of 16

### Nonroad Emissions by County

Sum of ALL

SCC Category 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

Agriculture equipment 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05

Airport Support 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Commercial Equipment 1.45 1.24 0.97 0.84 0.83 0.88

Construction & Mining Equipment 0.91 0.78 0.67 0.58 0.51 0.48

Industrial Equipment 0.56 0.35 0.19 0.11 0.08 0.08

Lawn/Garden Equipment 6.90 5.90 4.87 4.37 4.40 4.64

Logging Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Oil Field Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pleasure Craft 9.64 8.14 6.32 4.84 3.41 2.54

Railroad Maintenance Equipment 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Recreational equipment 14.67 14.50 13.36 11.24 8.72 7.94

Underground Mining equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Totals 34.26 31.05 26.47 22.07 18.04 16.62 VOC, Typical Summer Day, July (ton/day)

Page 16 of 16

### Nonroad ALM Base Year

FIPS County CO NO X PM 10 -PRI PM 2.5 -PRI SO 2 VOC

47001 Anderson 48.85 0.26 0.96 0.66 0.04 4.59

47009 Blount 921.93 136.96 15.83 12.01 15.68 69.58

47089 Jefferson 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.09

47093 Knox 452.96 2.45 8.94 6.17 0.37 42.19

47105 Loudon 82.36 0.45 1.62 1.12 0.07 7.74

47155 Sevier 279.77 1.52 5.58 3.85 0.22 24.43

FIPS County CO NO X PM 10 -PRI PM 2.5 -PRI SO 2 VOC

47001 Anderson 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

47009 Blount 2.53 0.38 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.19

47089 Jefferson 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

47093 Knox 1.24 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.12

47105 Loudon 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02

47155 Sevier 0.77 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.07

4.90 0.39 0.09 0.07 0.04 0.41

SCC Description CO NH3 NO X PM 10 -PRI PM 2.5 -PRI SO 2 VOC

2280002200 CMV, UNDERWAY EMISSIONS: DIESEL 1.06 0.00 5.53 0.20 0.20 0.36 0.12

2285002006 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL LINE

HAUL: CLASS I 266.19 0.83 1,786.00 62.20 57.23 18.80 97.74

2285002007 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL LINE

HAUL LOCOMOTIVES: CLASS II/III

OPERATIONS 5.15 0.02 52.34 1.29 1.19 0.36 2.03

SCC Description CO NH3 NO X PM 10 -PRI PM 2.5 -PRI SO 2 VOC

2280002200 CMV, UNDERWAY EMISSIONS: DIESEL 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002006 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL LINE

HAUL: CLASS I 0.73 0.00 4.89 0.17 0.16 0.05 0.27

2285002007 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL LINE

HAUL LOCOMOTIVES: CLASS II/III

OPERATIONS 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Aircraft Pollutant Totals by county (tons/year)

Typical Summer Day Aircraft Pollutant Totals by county (tons)

Locomotive & Commercial Marine Totals by SCC Category (tons/year)

Typical Summer Day Locomotive & Commercial Marine Totals by SCC Category (tons)



### Page 1 of 1

### ALM Future Year

SCC Description 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

2280002200 CMV, UNDERWAY EMISSIONS:

DIESEL 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

2285002006 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL

LINE HAUL: CLASS I 4.89 4.52 3.91 3.25 2.68 2.37

2285002007 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL

LINE HAUL LOCOMOTIVES: CLASS

II/III OPERATIONS 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.07

5.05 4.67 4.03 3.35 2.77 2.44

SCC Description 2007 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

2280002200 CMV, UNDERWAY EMISSIONS:

DIESEL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2285002006 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL

LINE HAUL: CLASS I 0.27 0.24 0.21 0.17 0.14 0.13

2285002007 RAILROAD EQUIPMENT, DIESEL

LINE HAUL LOCOMOTIVES: CLASS

II/III OPERATIONS 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.27 0.25 0.21 0.18 0.14 0.13 NOX Typical Summer Day Locomotive & Commercial

Marine Totals by SCC Category (tons)

VOC Typical Summer Day Locomotive & Commercial

Marine Totals by SCC Category (tons)



### Page 1 of 2

### ALM Future Year

2010 2013 2016 2020 2024 2010 2013 2016 2020 2024

47001 Anderson 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

47009 Blount 0.34 0.28 0.23 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.10

47089 Jefferson 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

47093 Knox 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06

47105 Loudon 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

47155 Sevier 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04

0.36 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.19 0.37 0.31 0.26 0.21 0.20

NO X Future year VOC Future Year

FIPS County Aircraft Pollutant Totals by county (tons/year)



### Page 2 of 2

# A REA 

# & N ONROAD 

# B ASE 

# & F ORECAST 

# Y EAR



# I NVENTORIES



# D RAFT 

# R EPORT

Contract No. S

- 2009

- 06

- 01

April 2010

Prepared for:

Ronald C. Methier

Southeastern States Air Resource Managers, Inc.

526 Forest Parkway, Suite F

Forest Park, GA 30297

- 6140

Prepared by:

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

3622 Lyckan Parkway, Suite 2005

Durham, NC 27707

### [This page intentionally left blank.]PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### iii 

# CONTENTS

Page

TABLES

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ iv

I. INTRODUCTION

................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 1

II. STATIONARY ARE A SOURCE SECTOR INVENTORY

................................ .................. 2

A. AGENCY SUPPLIED INVENTORY DATA

................................ ................................ 2

B. DEVELOPMENT OF PECHAN DEFAULT 2007 AREA SOURCE INVENTORY

... 4

1. Nonpoint Source NEI

................................ ................................ .............................. 4

2. Estimat ion of Area Source Emissions from Industrial and Commercial/

Institutional Fuel Combustion

................................ ................................ ....................... 10

a. Total ICI Energy Consumption

................................ ................................ .......... 20

b. Stationary Source Energy Consumption

................................ ............................ 21

c. Non

- Fuel Energy Consumption

................................ ................................ ......... 21

d. Point Source Energy Consumption

................................ ................................ .... 26

e. Emission Factors

................................ ................................ ................................ 26

f. Coal Sulfur and Ash Content

................................ ................................ ............. 28

g. County Allocation Data

................................ ................................ ..................... 28

C. INVENTORY SUPPLEMENTATION/FINAL DATA MERGING

........................... 32

D. QA/QC PROCEDURES

................................ ................................ ............................... 36

III. 2007 NONROAD MOBILE SOURCE INVENTORY

................................ .......................... 40

A. NONROAD MODEL CATEGORIES

................................ ................................ .......... 40

B. AIRCRAFT

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 42

C. COMMERCIAL MARINE VESSELS

................................ ................................ ......... 44

D. LOCOMOTIVES

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 48

E. QA/QC PROCEDURES

................................ ................................ ............................... 49

IV. EMISSIONS SUMMARIES

................................ ................................ ......................... 52

A. STATIONARY AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS

................................ .......................... 52

B. NONROAD MOBILE SO URCE EMISSIONS

................................ ........................... 57

V. REFERENCES

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 62PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### iv 

# TABLES

Table II

- 1. Overview of Area Source Inventory Components by State/Local Agency

................. 3

Table II

- 2. Incorporation of Pechan Defaults by SCC and Jurisdiction

................................ ........ 5

Table II

- 4. 2008 NEI Area Source Categories for Which EPA Has Developed Emission

Estimates

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 11

Table II

- 5. Methods for Updating 2008 NEI Estimates that Are Not Based on 2007 Emissions

Activity

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 15

Table II

- 6. ICI Fuel Combusti on Area Source Classification Codes

................................ ........... 20

Table II

- 7. LPG Nonroad Mobile Source Classification Codes

................................ .................. 22

Table II

- 8. Assumptions Used to Estimate Industrial Sector Stationary Source Distillate Fuel

Consumption

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . 25

Table II

- 9. Assumptions Used to Estimate Commercial/Institutional Sector Stationary Source

Distillate Fuel Consumption

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 25

Table II

- 10. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption from Non

- Fuel Uses

................................ .. 26

Table II

- 11. Criteria Pollutant Emission Factors for ICI Combustion Area Source Categories

.. 27

Table II

- 12. Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Sulfur Content for 2007 ICI Combustion

........... 29

Table II

- 13. Anthracite Coal Ash and Sulfur Content f or 2007 ICI Combustion

........................ 29

Table II

- 14. Summary of Data Carried/Forward Grown From Earlier Inventory

....................... 33

Table II

- 15. Area Source Inventory Data Source Codes

................................ ............................. 36

Table III

- 1. Summary of 2007 NCD Tables and State Comments

................................ .............. 41

Table III

- 2. Aircraft Source Classification Codes

................................ ................................ ....... 42

Table III

- 3. Summary of State Updates to Aircraft Category Emissions

................................ .... 44

Table III

- 4. Category 1 & CMV Growth Factors, by Pollutant

................................ ................... 45

Table III

- 5. Category 3 CMV Growth Factors, by State and SCC

................................ .............. 46

Table III

- 6. Summary of State Updates to Commercial Marine Category Emissions

................. 47

Table III

- 7. Summary of State Updates to Locomotive Category Emissions

.............................. 50

Table III

- 8 Data Source Codes Used for Draft 2007 Nonroad Mobile Emission Estimates

....... 51

Table IV

- 1. Regional Area

................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 52

Table IV

- 2. State Area All Categories

................................ ................................ ......................... 53

Table IV

- 3. State Area Combustion

................................ ................................ ............................. 54

Table IV

- 4. State Area Solvent

................................ ................................ ................................ .... 55

Table IV

- 5. State Area Fugitive Dust

................................ ................................ .......................... 56

Table IV

- 6. State All Other Area

................................ ................................ ................................ . 57

Table IV

- 7. Draft 2007 Nonroad Mobile Sector Inventory for the SES ARM Region

................. 58

Table IV

- 8. Draft 2007 NONROAD Model Emission Estimates by State

................................ .. 58

Table IV

- 9. Draft 2007 Aircraft Emission Estimates by State

................................ ..................... 59

Table IV

- 10. Draft 2007 Commercial Marine Vessel Emission Estimates by State

.................... 60

Table IV

- 11. Draft 2007 Locomotive Emission Estimates by State

................................ ............. 61PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 1 

# I. INTRODUCTION

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. (Pechan) is supporting the Southeastern States Air Resource

Managers, Inc. (SESARM) in the Southeastern Modeling, Analysis, and Planning (SEMAP)

p roject that is funded by the same ten states originally involved in the Visibility Improveme nt

– State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VISTAS) project. The SEMAP project addresses

the next phase of ozone, fine particle, and regional haze assessment obligations of the SESARM

member s tates

. The SEMAP project is designed to produce techni cal analyses to aid the

participating agencies in developing State Implementation Plans ( SIPs ) required by the Clean Air

Act.

Pechan has developed a set of draft 2007 area and nonroad source b ase year inventory emission

estimates. These estimates have been characterized by s ource c lassification c ode (SCC)

. The

base year emission s inventory approach is first based on available state/local (S/L) agency

emissions data or inputs to EPA’s NONROAD model . These data are next supplemented with

2007 Pechan emission estimates developed by modifying area and nonroad source emission

estimates developed in support of EPA’s 2008 National Emissions Inventory (NEI). For the

Class I line haul locomotive source category, Pechan relied on 2007 emission estimates

developed by the Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC). For the Class

II/III line haul locomotive source category, Pechan adjusted the 2008 ERTAC emission estimates

to reflect 2007 locomotive activity. I n some cases, the inventory was also supplemented with the

emission estimates from the 2002 NEI or else grown to 2007 using emission activity growth

factors from V ersion 5 .0 of the Economic Growth Analysis System (EGAS) (EPA, 2010).

The following sections provide additional details on the inventory development process. The

major topics that are discussed are:

H ow Pechan identified source categories and/or pollutants that may be missing from the

S/L agency supplied data;

H ow Pechan i ntegrated data from the various emission data sources (i.e., S/L agencies,

Pechan defaults, ERTAC, and 2002 NEI); and

H ow Pechan quality assured the integrated emissions inventory.

The balance of this report is organized as follows. Section II describes the development of the

stationary area source sector inventory. The development of the nonroad mobile source sector

inventory is described in Section III. Section IV displays the area and nonroad source emission

summaries for the draft 2007 base year inv entory for th e SEMAP project

. Section V presents the

references that were consulted in preparing the draft inventory in support of the SEMAP project.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 2 

# II. STATIONARY AREA SOURCE SECTOR INVENTORY

Pechan developed a draft 2007 base year area source inventory for the SEMAP project from a

combination of four data sources:

1) State/Local agency supplied area source emissions data;

2) Pechan 2007 area source emission estimates d eveloped using the emission es timation

methods from the 2008 NEI with adjustments to reflect 2007 emissions activity;

3) Pechan 2007 industrial and commercial/institutional fuel combustion area source

emission estimates specifically developed for the SESARM states; 1 

### and

4) 2002 nonpoint sour ce emission estimates carried forward or grown from EPA’s 2002

nonpoint source NEI.

Table II

- 1 summarizes how these data sources were merged to create a comprehensive draft area

source inventory for jurisdictions covered by the SEMAP project. The followi ng sections

provide more specific s on the contents of each of these data sources and how they were

combined into the draft 2007 area source inventory

.



## A. AGENC Y SUPPLIED INVENTORY DATA

Last F all, Pechan commenced area source inventory development work by providing S/L

agencies with a Technical Memorandum documenting the emission estimation methods and data

Pechan was using to develop the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s 2008 nonpoint

source NEI (Pechan, 2009a). The purpose of this memorandu m was to provide agencies with

information to review and comment on the methods/data, and to provide information to assist

agencies in evaluating the merits of the NEI methods/data relative to any S/L area source

inventory development efforts. State and l ocal agencies were then provided with several months

to compile and transmit area source emissions data to Pechan.

Two state agencies (North Carolina and Virginia) and two local agencies (Jefferson County,

Kentucky and Davidson County, Tennessee) provided area source data for use in this project.

After receiving the S/L agency data, Pechan compared the source classification code (SCC) and

pollutant coverage of these submittals against the SCCs/pollutants in the 2007 e missions data

that Pechan was developi ng for this project (hereafter referred to as the ―Pechan default

inventory‖).

To assist in obtaining direction from SESARM agencies on how to merge the data from these

sources, Pechan first identified the SCC/pollutant combinations in the Pechan default inventory

that matched to S/L agency data. Next, Pechan reviewed remaining S/L agency SCC/pollutant

combinations against Pechan defaults to identify whether it may be possible that these emis sions

were covered in the Pechan default inventory under different SCCs. Pechan then developed a list

1 As noted later in this section, the draft inventory emission estimates for these categories represent total emissions

because point source subtractions have not yet been performed.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 3 Table II

- 1. Overview of Area Source Inventory Components by State/Local Agency

Jurisdiction Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky

Jefferson

C oun ty Kentucky

Rest of State Mississippi North

Carolina South

Carolina Tennessee

Davidson

C oun ty Tennessee

Rest of State Virginia West Virginia

Agency

Contact Lisa Cole Kelly Stevens Byeong Kim Craig Butler Martin Luther Elliott

Bickerstaff Phyllis Jones Carla

Bedenbaugh John Finke Amanda Davis Thomas

Foster Bob Betterton

Area Data Pechan

d efaults,

supplemented

with carry

forward

categories

from 2002 NEI

grown using

EGAS Pechan

d efaults,

supplemented

with carry

forward

categories

from 2002 NEI

( certain SCCs

treated as

majority of

other states ;

c ombination of

EGAS and

c arry f orward) Pechan

d efaults,

supplemented

with carry

forward

categories

from 200 5 GA

CERR

submission

grown using

EGAS Combination

of Agency

data and

Pechan

defaults

(supplied local

data via

complete set

of NIF t ables ). Pechan

d efaults,

supplemented

with carry

forward

categories

from 2002 NEI

grown using

EGAS Pechan

d efaults,

supplemented

with carry

forward

categories

from 2002 NEI

( some categories

grown using

EGAS, others

carried

forward ) Combination

of Agency

data and

Pechan

defaults (state

data sent NIF,

EM t able )

. Pechan

d efaults,

supplemented

with carry

forward

categories

from 2002 NEI

grown using

EGAS Combination of

Agency data and

Pechan defaults

(supplied local

data via

complete s et of

NIF t ables )

. Pechan

d efaults,

supplemented

with carry

forward

categories

from 2002 NEI Combination

of Agency

data and

Pechan

defaults

(supplied state

data via

complete set

of NIF tables),

supplemented

with carry

forward

categories

from 2002 NEI Pechan d efaults,

supplemented

with carry

forward

categories from

2002 NEI

(intends to

revise Mining &

Quarrying during

draft inventory

comment period )

Special

Category

Instructions Include Land

Clearing

Debris

Burning in

area inventory Include Land

Clearing

Debris

Burning in

area inventory. Do not want to

include Land

Clearing

Debris

estimates . Do

not delete

Agricultural

Burning

emission

estimates. Want to

include all

NEI

- based

burning

categories

(e.g., Land

Clearing

Debris and

Residential

Waste) Include Land

Clearing

Debris

Burning in

area inventory Do not include

L and Clearing

D ebris B urning

(such burning is

prohibited)PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 4 of potential indirect matches between the two data sets for agency review. This list was

compiled in an Excel worksheet. Next, Pechan developed a separate worksheet that listed

SCC/pollutant combinations in the S/L supplied area source inventory that we were unable to

either directly or indirectly match to combinations in the Pechan default inventory. A list of

SCC/pollutant combinations in the Pechan default inventory that we were unable to directly or

indirectly match to combinations in the S/L agency inventory was also pre pared in a separate

worksheet. Finally, Pechan developed a worksheet that contained all S/L agency inventory

SCC/pollutant combinations with emissions equal to ―0.‖ The above worksheets were saved in a

single Excel workbook for each Agency. In addition to these workbooks, Pechan transmitted a

Word document identifying questions on how two merge the two data sets (e.g., where S/L

agency emissions are reported as zero, should Pechan replace any of these with emissions from

the Pechan default inventory?). After reviewing S/L agency responses to these questions,

Pechan transmitted any fo llow

- up questions that were necessary to clarify S/L agency guidance.

For each jurisdiction for which S/L agencies provided data, Table II

- 2 identifies the SCCs for

which the draft SESARM inventory relies on 2007 Pechan default emissions data. All other

jurisdictions utilized the Pechan default inventory in its entirety



## B

. DEVELOPMENT OF PECHAN DEFAULT 2007 AREA SOURCE

INVENTORY

Pechan created a default 2007 area source inventory that includes all of the source categories

covered by the 2008 nonpoint source NEI. For all source categories except industrial and

commercial/institutional (ICI) fuel combustion, Pechan either directly incorporated emissions

data from the 2008 nonpoint source NEI (when the NEI represented use of 2007 emissions

activity data), or recalculated the NEI emission estimates to reflect 2007 activity levels (when the

NEI reflected 2006 or 2008 activity levels). For ICI fuel combustion, the 2008 nonpoint source

NEI only developed emissions activity estimates, not emission estimates . Because of the

potential importance of these source categories and the availability of potential methodological

improvements , Pecha n utilized an emissions estimation method for ICI fuel combustion that is

incorporates a few refinements to the NEI method. The following section discusses how

information from the 2008 nonpoint source NEI was used in this project. The subsequent section

provides details on the ICI fuel combustion emissions estimation methods.

1. Nonpoint Source NEI

Pechan is currently supporting EPA efforts to develop the 2008 nonpoint source NEI. Because

of data availability issues, the 2008 NEI is comprised of data of various vintages (2006

- 2008).

Table II

- 4 provides documentation of the 2008 nonpoint source NEI as follow s :

(1) Source Category

– identifies the name of each general source category covered.

(2) Source Classification Code(s)

– lists the SCCs that are inventoried.

(3) Source Classification Code Description

– provides a description of each SCC.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 5 Table II

- 2. Incorporation of Pechan Defaults by SCC and Jurisdiction

Source

Classifi

cation Code Source Classification Code Description Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson

County, KY North

Carolina Davidson

County, TN Virginia

2102001000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Anthracite Coal/Total: All Boiler Types Yes Yes

2102002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2102004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers and IC Engines Yes

2102005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Residual Oil/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2102006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Natural Gas/Total: Boilers and IC Engines Yes

2102007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Liquified Petroleum Gas/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2102008000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Wood/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2102011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Kerosene/Total: All Boiler Types Yes Yes

2103001000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Anthracite Coal/Total: All Boiler Types Yes Yes

2103002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2103004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Distillate Oil/Total: Boilers and IC Engines Yes

2103005000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Residual Oil/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2103006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Natural Gas/Total: Boilers and IC Engines Yes

2103007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Liquified Petroleum Gas/Total: All Combustor Types

2103008000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Wood/Total: All Boiler Types Yes

2103011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Commercial/Institutional/Kerosene/Total: All Combustor Types Yes

2104001000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Anthracite Coal/Total: All Combustor Types Yes Yes

2104002000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal/Total: All Combustor Types Yes

2104004000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Distillate Oil/Total: All Combustor Types Yes

2104006000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Natural Gas/Total: All Combustor Types

2104007000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Liquified Petroleum Gas/Total: All Combustor Types

2104008100 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Fireplace: general Yes Yes

2104008210 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; non

- EPA certified Yes Yes

2104008220 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; non

- catalytic Yes Yes

2104008230 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: fireplace inserts; EPA certified; catalytic Yes Yes

2104008310 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, non

- EPA certified Yes Yes

2104008320 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, non

- catalytic Yes Yes

2104008330 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: freestanding, EPA certified, catalytic Yes Yes

2104008400 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Woodstove: pellet

- fired, general (freestanding or FP insert) Yes Yes

2104008510 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Furnace: Indoor, cordwood

- fired, non

- EPA certified Yes YesPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 6 Source

Classifi

cation Code Source Classification Code Description Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson

County, KY North

Carolina Davidson

County, TN Virginia

2104008610 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Wood/Hydronic heater: outdoor Yes Yes

2104009000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Firelog/Total: All Combustor Types Yes

2104011000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Residential/Kerosene/Total: All Heater Types Yes Yes

2294000000 Paved Roads/All Paved Roads/Total: Fugitives Yes

2296000000 Unpaved Roads/All Unpaved Roads/Total: Fugitives Yes

2302002100 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking

- Charbroiling/Conveyorized Charbroiling Yes Yes

2302002200 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking

- Charbroiling/Under

- fired Charbroiling Yes Yes

2302003000 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking

- Frying/Deep Fat Fying Yes Yes

2302003100 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking

- Frying/Flat Griddle Frying Yes Yes Yes

2302003200 Food & Kindred Products/Commercial Cooking

- Frying/Clamshell Griddle Frying Yes Yes Yes

2311010000 Construction: SIC 15

- 17/Residential/Total Yes Yes

2311020000 Construction: SIC 15

- 17/Industrial/Commercial/Institutional/Total Yes Yes

2311030000 Construction: SIC 15

- 17/Road Construction/Total Yes Yes

2401001000 Surface Coating/Architectural Coatings/Total: All Solvent Types

2401005000 Surface Coating/Auto Refinishing/Total: All Solvent Types

2401008000 Surface Coating/Traffic Markings/Total: All Solvent Types

2401015000 Surface Coating/Factory Finished Wood/Total: All Solvent Types

2401020000 Surface Coating/Wood Furniture/Total: All Solvent Types

2401025000 Surface Coating/Metal Furniture/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401030000 Surface Coating/Paper/Total: All Solvent Types

2401040000 Surface Coating/Metal Cans/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401045000 Surface Coating/Metal Coils/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401055000 Surface Coating/Machinery & Equipment/Total: All Solvent Types

2401060000 Surface Coating/Large Appliances/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401065000 Surface Coating/Electronic & Other Electrical/Total: All Solvent Types

2401070000 Surface Coating/Motor Vehicles/Total: All Solvent Types

2401075000 Surface Coating/Aircraft/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401080000 Surface Coating/Marine/Total: All Solvent Types

2401085000 Surface Coating/Railroad/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401090000 Surface Coating/Misc Manufacturing/Total: All Solvent Types

2401100000 Surface Coating/Industrial Maintenance Coatings/Total: All Solvent Types Yes

2401200000 Surface Coating/Other Special Purpose Coatings/Total: All Solvent Types YesPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 7 Source

Classifi

cation Code Source Classification Code Description Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson

County, KY North

Carolina Davidson

County, TN Virginia

2415000000 Degreasing/All Processes/All Industries/Total: All Solvent Types

2420000000 Dry Cleaning/All Processes/Total: All Solvent Types

2425000000 Graphic Arts/All Processes/Total: All Solvent Types

2460100000 Misc Non

- indus: Consumer & Comm/All Personal Care Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460200000 Misc Non

- indus: Consumer & Comm/All Household Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460400000 Misc Non

- indus: Consumer & Comm/All Auto Aftermarket Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460500000 Misc Non

- indus: Consumer & Comm/All Coatings & Related Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460600000 Misc Non

- indus: Consumer & Comm/All Adhesives & Sealants/Total: All Solvent Types

2460800000 Misc Non

- indus: Consumer & Comm/All FIFRA Related Products/Total: All Solvent Types

2460900000 Misc Non

- indus: Consumer & Comm/Misc Products (Not Otherwise Covered)/Total: All Solvent Types

2461021000 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Cutback Asphalt/Total: All Solvent Types

2461022000 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Emulsified Asphalt/Total: All Solvent Types

2501011011 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Permeation Yes Yes Yes

2501011012 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Evaporation (includes Diurnal losses) Yes Yes Yes

2501011013 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Spillage During Transport Yes Yes Yes

2501011014 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Refilling at the Pump

- Vapor Displacement Yes Yes Yes

2501011015 Residential Portable Gas Cans/Refilling at the Pump

- Spillage Yes Yes Yes

2501012011 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Permeation Yes Yes Yes

2501012012 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Evaporation (includes Diurnal losses) Yes Yes Yes

2501012013 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Spillage During Transport Yes Yes Yes

2501012014 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Refilling at the Pump

- Vapor Displacement Yes Yes Yes

2501012015 Commercial Portable Gas Cans/Refilling at the Pump

- Spillage Yes Yes Yes

2501050120 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses/Gasoline

2501055120 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Plants: All Evaporative Losses/Gasoline Yes Yes

2501060051 Gasoline Service Stations/Stage 1: Submerged Filling

2501060052 Gasoline Service Stations/Stage 1: Splash Filling

2501060053 Gasoline Service Stations/Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling

2501060100 Gasoline Service Stations/Stage 2: Total

2501060201 Gasoline Service Stations/Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying Yes

2501080050 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Airports : Aviation Gasoline/Stage 1: Total Yes Yes

2501080100 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Airports : Aviation Gasoline/Stage 2: Total Yes

2505030120 Petrol & Petrol Product Transport/Truck/Gasoline YesPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 8 Source

Classifi

cation Code Source Classification Code Description Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson

County, KY North

Carolina Davidson

County, TN Virginia

2505040120 Petrol & Petrol Product Transport/Pipeline/Gasoline Yes Yes

2610000100 Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste

- Leaf Species Unspecified Yes Yes

2610000400 Open Burning/All Categories/Yard Waste

- Brush Species Unspecified Yes Yes

2610000500 Open Burning/All Categories/Land Clearing Debris 1 Yes Yes

2610030000 Open Burning/Residential/Household Waste Yes Yes

2630020000 Wastewater Treatment/Public Owned/Total Processed

2801700001 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Anhydrous Ammonia Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700002 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Aqueous Ammonia Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700003 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Nitrogen Solutions Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700004 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Urea Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700005 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Ammonium Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700006 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Ammonium Sulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700007 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Ammonium Thiosulfate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700010 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/N

- P

- K (multi

- grade nutrient fertilizers) Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700011 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700012 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Potassium Nitrate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700013 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Diammonium Phosphate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700014 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Monoammonium Phosphate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700015 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Liquid Ammonium Polyphosphate Yes Yes Yes Yes

2801700099 Agric

- Crops/Fertilizer Application/Miscellaneous Fertilizers Yes Yes Yes Yes

2805001100 Agric

- Livestock/Beef cattle

- finishing operations on feedlots (drylots)/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805001200 Agric

- Livestock/Beef cattle

- finishing operations on feedlots (drylots)/Manure handling & storage Yes Yes Yes

2805001300 Agric

- Livestock/Beef cattle

- finishing operations on feedlots (drylots)/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805002000 Agric

- Livestock/Beef cattle production composite/Not Elsewhere Classified Yes Yes Yes

2805003100 Agric

- Livestock/Beef cattle

- finishing operations on pasture/range/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805007100 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry production

- layers with dry manure management systems/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805007300 Agric

- Livesto ck/Poultry production

- layers w/ dry manure mgmnt systems/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805008100 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry production

- layers w / wet manure mg m nt

. systems/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805008200 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry production

- layers w / wet manure mg m nt

. systems/Manure handling & storage Yes Yes Yes

2805008300 Agric

- Livesto ck/Poultry production

- layers w/ wet manure mgmnt

. systems/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805009100 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry production

- broilers/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805009200 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry production

- broilers/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes YesPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 9 Source

Classifi

cation Code Source Classification Code Description Pechan Default Used?

Jefferson

County, KY North

Carolina Davidson

County, TN Virginia

2805009300 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry production

- broilers/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805010100 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry production

- turkeys/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805010200 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry production

- turkeys/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805010300 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry production

- turkeys/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805018000 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle composite/Not Elsewhere Classified Yes Yes Yes

2805019100 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- flush dairy/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805019200 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- flush dairy/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805019300 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- flush dairy/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805021100 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- scrape dairy/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805021200 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- scrape dairy/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805021300 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- scrape dairy/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805022100 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- deep pit dairy/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805022200 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- deep pit dairy/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805022300 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- deep pit dairy/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805023100 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- drylot/pasture dairy/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805023200 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- drylot/pasture dairy/Manure handling and storage Yes Yes Yes

2805023300 Agric

- Livestock/Dairy cattle

- drylot/pasture dairy/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805025000 Agric

- Livestock/Swine production composite/Not Elsewhere Classified (see also 28

- 05

- 039,

- 047,

- 053) Yes Yes Yes

2805030000 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry Waste Emissions/Not Elsewhere Classified (see also 28

- 05

- 007,

- 008,

- 009) Yes Yes Yes

2805030007 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry Waste Emissions/Ducks Yes Yes Yes

2805030008 Agric

- Livestock/Poultry Waste Emissions/Geese Yes Yes Yes

2805035000 Agric

- Livestock/Horses & Ponies Waste Emissions/Not Elsewhere Classified Yes Yes Yes

2805039100 Agric

- Livestock/Swine production

- operations w / lagoons (unspec

. animal age)/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805039200 Agric

- Livestock/Swine production

- operations w / lagoons (unspec. animal age)/Manure handling & storage Yes Yes Yes

2805039300 Agric

- Livestock/Swine production

- operations w / lagoons (unspec

. animal age)/Land application of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805040000 Agric

- Livestock/Sheep & Lambs Waste Emissions/Total Yes Yes Yes

2805045000 Agric

- Livestock/Goats Waste Emissions/Not Elsewhere Classified Yes Yes Yes

2805047100 Agric

- Livestock/Swine production

- deep

- pit house operations (unspecified animal age)/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

2805047300 Agric

- Livestock/Swine production

- deep

- pit house operations (unspec .animal age)/Land applic. of manure Yes Yes Yes

2805053100 Agric

- Livestock/Swine production

- outdoor operations (unspecified animal age)/Confinement Yes Yes Yes

1 Open Burning/ Land Clearing Debris was originally a MACTEC category, but estimates have been prepared for some jurisdictions upon request

.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 10 (4) Link to Emission Calculation Documentation

– provides links to the detailed

documentation of the NEI methods ; 2



### (5) Link to Emission Calculation Workbook

– provides a link to the draft 2008 NEI

emissions or activity data ; (6) Year of Activity Data

– identifies the year represented by the emissions activity data; and

(7) Point Source Component

– signifies whether a portion of the source category’s emissions

may be included within the p oint source inventory.

W here the 2008 nonpoint source NEI reflect s 2007 activity data

, Pechan incorporated the 2008

NEI emission estimates into the Pechan default inventory for this project

. When a source

category’s NEI data reflect 2006 or 2008 emissions activity data, Pechan update d the NEI

estimates to reflect 2007 emission activity levels. Table II

- 5 documents the specific revisions

that were implemented

.

For many area source categories, emissions activity data are not available at the county

- level. In

these cases, county

- level emissions are estimated using two sets of activity data: one set

reflecting state or regional

- level emissions activity (e.g., volume of natural gas consumed by t he

residential sector in each state), and the other set representing data that are used to allocate

emissions activity to the county

- level (e.g., number of houses using natural gas as the primary

heating fuel in each county). Specifically, the ―Backcastin g or Forecasting Methodology‖

column in Table II

- 5 presents the approach used to update emissions activity data to represent

2007, and the ―County Allocation Method‖ column identifies the approach used to update the

county allocation data. As noted in Tab le II

- 5, all county allocation data were not updated to

2007. This approach was taken because of the level

- of

- effort that would be involved in updating

some of the allocation data, and the fact that these data are often not expected to differ

s ignificantl y from year

- to

- year.

2. Estimation of Area Source Emissions from Industrial and Commercial/ Institutional

Fuel Combustion

Currently, the 2008 NEI data for the ICI fuel combustion categories represent total emission

activity estimates, rather than area so urce emission estimates. Because emission estimates are

not available and because of the relative importance of this category, Pechan recommend ed that

2007 ICI combustion area source emission estimates be developed as part of this project. This

section d ocuments the emission inventory development methodology that Pechan used in

preparing 2007 year ICI fuel combustion area source emission estimates for the SESARM states.

The following are elements of the methodology that provide improvements over the 2008 NEI

methodology:

2 Left clicking on the hyperlink while simultaneously pressing the co ntrol key allows one to open or save the

documentation/data of interest. The complete list of material can be accessed at:

http://projects.pechan.com/EPA/Non

- Point_Emission_Estima tes/

.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 11 Table II

- 4

. 2008 NEI Area Source Categories for Which EPA Has Developed Emission Estimates

Source Category Source Classification

Code(s) Source Classification Code

Description Link to Emission Calculation

Documentation Link to Emission Calculation Workbook Year of

Activity

Data Point Source

Component

Agriculture Production

– Livestock 28050nnnnn Livestock Agriculture_Production_Livestock_28050nnnn

n_Documentation.zip Agriculture_Production_Livestock_28050n

nnnn_Emissions.zip 2007 Yes

Asphalt Paving 2461021000 Cutback Asphalt Asphalt_Paving_Cutback_2461021000_Docu

mentation.zip Asphalt_Paving_Cutback_2461021000_E

missions.zip 2008 No

2461022000 Emulsified Asphalt Asphalt_Paving_Emulsified_2461022000_Do

cumentation.zip Asphalt_Paving_Emulsified_2461022000_

Emissions.zip 2008 No

Aviation Gasoline Distribution:

Stage I 2501080050 Aviation Gasoline:

Stage I Aviation_Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_ 2501

080050 _Documentation.zip Aviation_Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_2

501080050_Emissions.zip 2008 No

Aviation Gasoline Distribution:

Stag e II 2501080100 Aviation Gasoline:

Stage II Aviation_Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_II_ 250

1080100 _Documentation.zip Aviation_Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_II_ 2

501080100 _Emissions.zip 2008 No

Commercial Cooking 2302002nnn

2302003nnn Commercial Cooking Commercial_Cooking_2302002n nn_ Documen

tation.zip Commercial_Cooking_2302 002nnn_ Emissi

ons.zip 2008 No

Construction Dust 2311010000 Residential Construction Residential_Construction_23110 10000_ Docu

mentation.zip Residential_Construction_23110100 00_ E

missions.zip 2008 Yes

2311020000 Non

- Residential Construction Non

Residential_Construction_2311020000_Docu

mentation.zip Non

Residential_Construction_2311020000_E

missions.zip 2008 Yes

2311030000 Road Construction Road_Construction_23110300 00_ Documenta

tion.zip Road_Construction_231 1030000_ Emissio

ns.zip 2006 No

Fertilizer Application 28017000nn Fertilizer Application Fertilizer_Appl ication_28017000nn_ Document

ation.zip Fertilizer_Appli cation_28017000nn_ Emissi

ons.zip 2007 No

Gasoline Distribution 25010110nn

25010120nn Portable Fuel Containers Portable_Fuel_Containers_25010110nn_2501

0120nn_Documentation.zip Portable_Fuel_Containers_25010110nn_2

5010120nn_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2501050120 Gasoline Distribution Stage I;

Bulk Terminals Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Bulk_Termi

nals_2501050120_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

2501055120 Gasoline Distribution Stage I;

Bulk Plants Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Bulk_Plant

s_2501055120_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

250106005n Gasoline Distribution Stage I;

Gasoline Service Station

Unloading Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Service_St

ation_Unloading_250106005n_Emissions.

zip 2008 Yes

2501060100 Gasoline Distribution Stage II;

Gasoline Service Stations Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_II_Documentatio

n.zip Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_II_Gasoline_

Service_Stations_2501060100_Emissions.

zip 2008 Yes

2501060201 Gasoline Distribution Stage I;

Underground storage tank,

breathing and emptying Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_UST_Breat

hing_and_Emptying_2501060201_CAP_E

missions.zip 2008 YesPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 12 Source Category Source Classification

Code(s) Source Classification Code

Description Link to Emission Calculation

Documentation Link to Emission Calculation Workbook Year of

Activity

Data Point Source

Component

2505030120 Gasoline Distribution Stage I;

Tank Trucks in Transit Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Tank_Truc

ks_in_Transit_2505030120_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

2505040120 Gasoline Distribution Stage I;

Pipelines Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Documentatio

n.zip Gasoline_Distribution_Stage_I_Pipelines_

2505040120_CAP_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

Open Burning 2610000100 Open Burning

- Yard Waste

- Leaves Open_Burning_Yard_Waste_Leaf_26100001

00_and_Brush_2610000400_Documentation.

zip Open_Burning_Yard_Waste_Leaf_261000

100_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2610000400 Open Burning

- Yard Waste

- Brush Open_Burning_Yard_Waste_Leaf_26100001

00_and_Brush_2610000400_Documentation.

zip Open_Burning_Yard_Waste_Brush_26100

0400_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2610000500 Open Burning

- Land Clearing

Debris Open_Burning_Land_Clearing_Debris_26100

00500_Documentation.zip Open_Burning_Land_Clearing_Debris_261

0000500_Emissions.zip Multiple

Years No

2610030000 Open Burning

- Household

Waste Open_Burning_MSW_2610030000_Documen

tation.zip Open_Burning_MSW_2610030000_Emissi

ons.zip 2008 No

Paved and Unpaved Roads 2294000000 Paved Road Dust Paved_Roads_2294000000_Documentation.z

ip Paved_Roads_2294000000_Emissions.zip 2007 No

2296000000 Unpaved Road Dust Unpaved _Roads_2296000000_Documentatio

n.zip Unpaved_Roads_2296000000_Emissions.

zip 2007 No

Publicly Owned Treatment

Works (POTW) 2630020000 Publicly Owned Treatment

Works (POTW) Publicly_Owned_Treatment_Works_2630020

000_Documentation.zip Publicly_Owned_Treatment_Works_63002

0000_Emissions.zip 2008 Yes

Residential Heating 2104001000 Residential Anthracite Coal Residential_Coal_2104001000_2104002000_

Documentation.zip Residential_Coal_2104001000_21040020

00_Emissions.zip 2006 No

2104002000 Residential Bituminous Coal Residential_Coal_2104001000_2104002000_

Documentation.zip Residential_Coal_2104001000_21040020

00_Emissions.zip 2006 No

2104004000 Residential Distillate Oil Residential_Distillate_Fuel_2104004000_Doc

umentation.zip Residential_Distillate_Fuel_2104004000_E

missions.zip 2006 No

2104006000 Residential Natural Gas Residential_Natural_Gas_2104006000_Docu

mentation.zip Residential_Natural_Gas_2104006000_E

missions.zip 2006 No

2104007000 Residential LPG Residential_LPG_2104007000_Documentatio

n.zip Residential_LPG_2104007000_Emissions.

zip 2006 No

2104008nnn

2104009000 Residential Wood Combustion

and Wax Firelogs Residential_Wood_Combustion_Documentati

on.zip RWC_2008_Toolv4.1_Feb09_2010.zip Inputs

represent

various

years No

2104011000 Residential Kerosene Residential_Kerosene_2104011000_Docume

ntation.zip Residential_Kerosene_2104011000_Emiss

ions.zip 2006 No

Solvent Usage

- Surface

Coatings 2401001000 Architectural Coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Architectural_Coating_2

401001000_Emissions.zip 2008 NoPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 13 Source Category Source Classification

Code(s) Source Classification Code

Description Link to Emission Calculation

Documentation Link to Emission Calculation Workbook Year of

Activity

Data Point Source

Component

2401005000 Automobile Refinishing Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Automobile_Refinishing_

2401005000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401008000 Traffic Paints Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Traffic_Painting_240100

8000_Emissions.zip 200 7 No

2401015000 Factory Finished Wood Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Factory_Finished_Wood

_2401015000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401020000 Wood Furniture and Fixtur es Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Wood_Furniture_and_Fi

xtures_401020000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401025000 Metal Furniture Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Metal_Furniture_240102

5000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401030000 Paper, Film and Foil Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Paper_Film_and_Foil_24

01030000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401040000 Metal Cans Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Metal_Can_Coating_240

1040000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401045000 Metal Sheet, Strip and Coils Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Metal_Sheet_Strip_Coil_

2401045000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401055000 Machinery and Equipment Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Machinery_and_Equipm

ent_2401055000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401060000 Appliances Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Appliances_2401060000

_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401065000 Electronic and Other Electrical

Coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Electronic_and_Other_El

ectrical_Coatings_2401065000_Emissions.

zip 2006 Yes

2401070000 Motor Vehicles Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Motor_Vehicles_240107

0000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401075000 Aircraft Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Aircraft_2401075000_E

missions.zip 2006 Yes

2401080000 Marine coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Marine_Coatings_24010

80000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401085000 Railroads Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Railroad_2401085000_E

missions.zip 2006 No

2401090000 Misc. Manufacturing Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Misc_Manufacturing_240

1090000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2401100000 Industrial Maintenance Coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Industrial_Maintenance_

Coating_2401100000_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2401200000 Other Sp ecial Purpose Coatings Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Surface_Coating_Other_Special_Purpose_

Coating_2401200000_Emissions.zip 2008 NoPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 14 Source Category Source Classification

Code(s) Source Classification Code

Description Link to Emission Calculation

Documentation Link to Emission Calculation Workbook Year of

Activity

Data Point Source

Component

Solvent Usage

- Other 2415000000 Cleaning Products: Industrial and

Institutional Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Cleaning_Products_Industrial_and_Instituti

onal_2415000000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2420000000 Dry Cleaning Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Dry_Cleaning_2420000000_Emissions.zip 2006 No

2425000000 Graphic Arts Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Graphic_Arts_2425000000_Emissions.zip 2006 Yes

2460100000 Consumer & Commercial

- Personal Care Products

(Cosmetics and Toiletries) Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_Solvents

Personal_Care_Products_(Cosmetics_and

_Toiletries)_2460100000_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2460200000 Consumer & Commercial

- Household Cleaning Products Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_Solvents

Household_Cleaning_Products_24602000

00_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2460400000 Consumer & Commercial

- Automotive Aftermarket Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_SolventsAutomotive_Aftermark

et_2460400000_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2460500000 Consumer & Commercial

- Coatings and Related Products Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_SolventsCoatings_and_Related

_Products_2460500000_Emissions.zip 2008 No

2460600000 Consumer & Commercial

- Adhesives and Sealants Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_Solvents

Adhesives_and_Sealants_2460600000_E

missions.zip 2008 No

2460800000 Consumer & Commercial

- FIFRA Regulated Products Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_Solvents_FIFRA_Regulated_Pr

oducts_2460800000_Emissions 2008 No

2460900000 Consumer & Commercial

- Misc.

Products Solvent_Utilization_Documentation.zip Consumer_Solvents

Misc_Products_2460900000_Emissions.zi

p 2008 NoPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 15 Table II

- 5 . Methods for Updating 2008 NEI Estimates that Are Not Based on 2007 Emissions Activity

Source Category Source

Classification

Code(s) Source Classification

Code Description Year of

Activity

Data Backcasting or Forecasting

Methodology Is Update

Actual

Activity

Data? Geographic

Resolution of

Backcast/

Forecast Data County Allocation Method Point Source

Component

Asphalt Paving 2461021000 Cutback Asphalt 2008 Recalculate d using 2007 asphalt

usage Yes State Allocate d using 2007 county VMT No

2461022000 Emulsified Asphalt 2008 Recalculate d using 2007 asphalt

usage Yes State Allocate d using 2007 county VMT No

Aviation Gasoline

Distribution: Stage I 2501080050 Aviation Gasoline: Stage I 2008 Recalculate d using 2007 AvGas

consumption Yes National Allocate d to district

- level according to

AvGas consumption reported for each

Petroleum Administration Distirct and

then to county

- level using 2008 LTO

data for general aviation flights No

Aviation Gasoline

Distribution: Stage II 2501080100 Aviation Gasoline: Stage II 2008 Recalculate d using 2007 AvGas

consumption Yes National Allocate d to district

- level according to

AvGas consumption reported for each

Petroleum Administration Distirct and

then to county

- level using 2008 LTO

data for general aviation flights No

Commercial Cooking 2302002nnn

2302003nnn Commercial Cooking 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimates Yes County No

Construction Dust 2311010000 Residential Construction 2008 Recalculate d surface soil

estimate using new privately

owned housing units started in

2007 (all other activity data

reflects 2007) Yes Regional Allocate d to county using 2007 annual

housing units Yes

2311020000 Non

- Residential

Construction 2008 Recalculate d using 2007 value of

construction put in place Yes National Did not revise the county allocation

(based on 2006 non

- residential

construction employment) Yes

2311030000 Road Construction 2006 Recalculate d using 2007 FHWA

capital outlays Yes State NEI county allocation data (number of

building starts) are 2007 No

Gasoline Distribution 25010110nn

25010120nn Portable Fuel Containers 2008 Estimate d 2007 using a linear fit

between 2002 and 2010

emissions N/A County This is the same procedure used to

estimate 2008 estimates for NEI No

2501050120 Gasoline Distribution Stage

I; Bulk Terminals 2008 Recalculate d using 2007 national

volume of wholesale gasoline

supplied Yes National Allocate d to state

- level using 2007

refinery, bulk terminal, and natural gas

plant stocks of motor gasoline and

then to county

- level using 2007 County

Business Patterns for NAICS code

42471 Yes

2501055120 Gasoline Distribution Stage

I; Bulk Plants 2008 Recalculate d using EIA's

estimate of 2007 finished motor

gasoline supplied No National Allocate d to county

- level using 2007

County Business Patterns for NAICS

code 42471 YesPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 16 Source Category Source

Classification

Code(s) Source Classification

Code Description Year of

Activity

Data Backcasting or Forecasting

Methodology Is Update

Actual

Activity

Data? Geographic

Resolution of

Backcast/

Forecast Data County Allocation Method Point Source

Component

250106005n Gasoline Distribution Stage

I; Gasoline Service Station

Unloading 2008 Applied county

- level CO2

emissions ratio: CO2 emissions

from 2007 NMIM run : CO2

emissions from 2008 NMIM run No County Yes

2501060100 Gasoline Distribution Stage

II; Gasoline Service

Stations 2008 Applied county

- level CO2

emissions ratio: CO2 emissions

from 2007 NMIM run : CO2

emissions from 2008 NMIM run No County Yes

2501060201 Gasoline Distribution Stage

I; Underground storage

tank, breathing and

emptying 2008 Applied county

- level CO2

emissions ratio: CO2 emissions

from 2007 NMIM run : CO2

emissions from 2008 NMIM run No County Yes

2505030120 Gasoline Distribution Stage

I; Tank Trucks in Transit 2008 Applied county

- level CO2

emissions ratio: CO2 emissions

from 2007 NMIM run : CO2

emissions from 2008 NMIM run No County Yes

2505040120 Gasoline Distribution Stage

1; Pipelines 2008 Recalculate d using 2007 national

volume of wholesale gasoline

supplied Yes National Allocate d to PAD

- level using 2007

finished motor gasoline moved by

pipeline in each PAD in 2007 and then

to county

- level using 2007 County

Business Patterns for NAICS code

42471 Yes

Open Burning 2610000100 Open Burning

- Yard Waste

- Leaves 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2610000400 Open Burning

- Yard Waste

- Brush 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2610000500 Open Burning

- Land

Clearing Debris multiple

years Recalculate d number of acres

disturbed to reflect 2007

residential, non

- residential and

road construction activity

estimates as described above Yes County See methodologies i n the Construction

Dust categories above No

2610030000 Open Burning

- Household

Waste 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

Publicly Owned

Treatment Works

(POTW) 2630020000 Publicly Owned Treatment

Works (POTW) 2008 Estimate d 2007 using a linear fit

between 2004 and 2010 POTW

flow rates. Allocate to county

level using 2007 population. Yes National This is the same procedure used to

estimate 2008 estimates for NEI.

Allocate d to county

- level using 2007

population estimate. YesPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 17 Source Category Source

Classification

Code(s) Source Classification

Code Description Year of

Activity

Data Backcasting or Forecasting

Methodology Is Update

Actual

Activity

Data? Geographic

Resolution of

Backcast/

Forecast Data County Allocation Method Point Source

Component

Residential Heating 2104001000 Residential Anthracite Coal 2006 Recalculate d using 2007 coal

consumption data and 2007 ratio

of anthracite to bituminous coal

consumption Yes State C ounty allocation based on 2000

Census data No

2104002000 Residential Bituminous

Coal 2006 Recalculate d using 2007 coal

consumption data and 2007 ratio

of anthracite to bituminous coal

consumption Yes State C ounty allocation based on 2000

Census data No

2104004000 Residential Distillate Oil 2006 Recalculate d using 2007 distillate

oil consumption Yes State C ounty allocation based on 2000

Census data No

2104006000 Residential Natural Gas 2006 Recalculate d using 2007 natural

gas consumption Yes State C ounty allocation based on 2000

Census data No

2104007000 Residential LPG 2006 Recalculate d using 2007 LPG

consumption Yes State C ounty allocation based on 2000

Census data No

2104008nnn

2104009000 Residential Wood

Combustion and Wax

Firelogs Inputs

represent

various

years Applied 2007/2008 county

- level

ratio of occupied housing units Yes County No

2104011000 Residential Kerosene 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

kerosene consumption Yes State C ounty allocation based on 2000

Census data No

Solvent Usage

- Surface Coatings 2401001000 Architectural Coatings 2008 Recalculated using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2401005000 Automobile Refinishing 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401015000 Factory Finished Wood 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401020000 Wood Furniture and

Fixtures 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401025000 Metal Furniture 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401030000 Paper, Film and Foil 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401040000 Metal Cans 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401045000 Metal Sheet, Strip and Coils 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401055000 Machinery and Equipment 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401060000 Appliances 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County YesPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 18 Source Category Source

Classification

Code(s) Source Classification

Code Description Year of

Activity

Data Backcasting or Forecasting

Methodology Is Update

Actual

Activity

Data? Geographic

Resolution of

Backcast/

Forecast Data County Allocation Method Point Source

Component

2401065000 Electronic and Other

Electrical Coatings 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401070000 Motor Vehicles 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401075000 Aircraft 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401080000 Marine coatings 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401085000 Railroads 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County No

2401090000 Misc. Manufacturing 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2401100000 Industrial Maintenance

Coatings 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2401200000 Other Special Purpose

Coatings 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

Solvent Usage

- Other 2415000000 Cleaning Products:

Industrial and Institutional 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2420000000 Dry Cleaning 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County No

2425000000 Graphic Arts 2006 Recalculate d using 2007

employment data Yes County Yes

2460100000 Consumer & Commercial

-

Personal Care Products

(Cosmetics and Toiletries) 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2460200000 Consumer & Commercial

-

Household Cleaning

Products 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2460400000 Consumer & Commercial

-

Automotive Aftermarket 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2460500000 Consumer & Commercial

-

Coatings and Related

Products 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2460600000 Consumer & Commercial

-

Adhesives and Sealants 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2460800000 Consumer & Commercial

-

FIFRA Regulated Products 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County No

2460900000 Consumer & Commercial

-

Misc. Products 2008 Recalculate d using 2007

population estimate Yes County NoP ECHAN April 2010



### 19 Draft Report 

### Obtain ed Industrial and Commercial/Institutional energy consumption by fuel type and

SESARM s tate for the year 2007 from the Energy Information Administration (EIA)’s

State Energy Data System (SEDS)

– the 2008 NEI uses 2006 year data;

Obtain ed geographic

- and year

- specific estimates of non

- fuel use consumption of

industrial energy from the 2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS)

– the 2008 NEI uses data from the 2002 MECS survey;

Applied a county allocation procedure that reflects the energy

- intensity of each industrial

sector

– the 2008 NEI methods only reflect the number of employees in each sector; and

Update d SO 2 

### emission factors to reflect coal sulfur content estimates for coal used in the

industrial sector in 2007

– a recent review of industrial coal sulfur content values

concluded that the NEI values are based on unrepresentative data ( Pechan, 2009 b ).

Table II

- 6 identifies the SCCs for which Pechan prepare d ICI fuel combustion area source

emission estimates. The k ey data inputs in the emissions estimation methodology are:

1. Total Industrial and total Commercial/Institutional energy consumption by fuel type and

SESARM s tate for the year 2007;

2. Estimates of the percentage of total ICI distillate fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

consumption from stationary sources;

3. Industrial energy consumption used for non

- fuel purposes by fuel type and s tate in 2006;

4. ICI energy consumption by fuel type for point sources by SESARM s tate in year 2007;

5. Emission factors relating emission rates to volume of energy consumed by fuel type for

the ICI sectors;

6. Sulfur content of coal consumed in the ICI sectors by s tate in year 2007;

7. County

- level Industrial sector energy consumption estimates by s tate for year 2007; and

8. County

- level Commercial/Institutional sector employment by s tate for the year 2006

. 3

3 To conserve project resources, Pechan will rely on 2006 employment data compiled in support of the 2008 NEI

rather than develop 2007 employment data (note that year

- to

- year county employment proportions are expected to

remain relatively constant).P ECHAN April 2010



### 20 Draft Report 

### Table II

- 6 . ICI Fuel Combustion Area Source Classification Codes

SCC DESCRIPTION

2102001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Anthracite Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

2102002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

2102004000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Distillate Oil; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

2102006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2102007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Liquid Petroleum Gas; Total: All Boiler Types

2102008000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

2102011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Industrial; Kerosene; Total: All Boiler Types

2103001000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Anthracite Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

2103002000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal; Total: All Boiler Types

2103004000 Stationary Source Fuel Co mbustion; Commercial/Institutional; Distillate Oil; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103005000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Residual Oil; Total: All Boiler Types

2103006000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Natural Gas; Total: Boilers and IC Engines

2103007000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Liquid Petroleum Gas; Total: All Combustor Types

2103008000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institu tional; Wood; Total: All Boiler Types

2103011000 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion; Commercial/Institutional; Kerosene; Total: All Combustor Types



### The following sections describe the methodology/data source(s) for developing each of these

data inputs, and the source(s) of information for each of these data elements. In selecting the

information sources for each of these data elements, Pechan evaluated the completeness,

representativeness, comparability, and accuracy criteria identified in the Quality A ssurance Project Plan (QAPP) for this project. For example, information sources that provide data

specific to the source category/ geography/ inventory period were selected over those that were less specific.

a

. Total I CI Energy Consumption

For total Industrial and total Commercial/Institutional energy consumption by fuel type/ s tate,

Pechan primarily use d the same source that EPA uses in developing ICI combustion emission

estimates for the NE I

– EIA’s SEDS (EIA, 2009a). The SEDS provides total energy c onsumption

estimates by sector, state , fuel type, and year. To facilitate use with the criteria pollutant

emission factors, Pechan compile d the SEDS energy consumption data in both sets of units

provided by the EIA : physical units and British thermal uni ts (Btus). For estimates of industrial

distillate consumption, Pechan relied on estimates reported in EIA’s ―Fuel Oil and Kerosene

Sales‖ (EIA, 200 9b ). This source is preferred over the SEDS data because it provides additional

sectoral detail that is nee ded to perform the stationary source energy consumption adjustments

described below.P ECHAN April 2010



### 21 Draft Report 

### b

. Stationary Source Energy Consumption

To avoid double

- counting with energy consumption accounted for in mobile source inventories,

it was necessary to adjust 2007 yea r SEDS distillate and LPG consumption estimates for mobile

source fuel consumption. For LPG, the adjustments account for energy consumption reflected in

the nonroad mobile sector. The adjustments were performed by subtracting estimated

proportions of tot al Industrial sector and Commercial sector consumption computed from a

national NONROAD model run. Pechan compiled national LPG consumption estimates for

relevant SCCs from a 2006 run of EPA’s NONROAD model (a 2006 run was performed in

support of the NEI

— it is not antic ipated that the percentages differ considerably between 2006

and 2007 ). Table II

- 7 identifies a complete list of nonroad SCCs associated with Industrial and

Commercial sector LPG. The shaded entries in this table indicate where NONROAD rep orts

LPG consumption. This procedure estimate s that nonroad mobile sources account for 9 percent

of Industrial sector, and 18 percent of Commercial sector LPG consumption. The SEDS LPG

consumption estimates for each state /sector were adjusted downward us ing these percentages.

For distillate oil , it was necessary to remove energy consumption reflected in onroad/nonroad

mobile source emission inventories. To facilitate this step, Pechan use d more detailed distillate

fuel consumption estimates reported in EIA’s ―Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales,‖ and stationary

source fuel consumption percentage assumptions used in the regulatory impact analysis for

EPA’s nonroad diesel emissions rulemaking (EPA, 2003a). Table II

- 8 displays the assumptions

that w ere applied to the state

- level Industrial sector distillate fuel consumption estimates reported

in ―Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales‖ to estimate Industrial sector stationary source consumption.

Table II

- 9 identifies the assumptions that w ere applied to estimate total stationary source

Commercial/Institutional sector consumption.

c

. Non

- Fuel Energy Consumption

Some Industrial sector energy is consumed for non

- fuel purposes. For example, natural gas is

used as a feedstock in chemical manufacturing plants and to make nitrogenous fertilizer, and

LPG is used to create intermediate products that are made into plastics. To estimate the volume

of fuel that is associated with ICI combustion, it is necessary to subtract the volume of fuel

consumption for non

- energy uses from the volume of total fuel consumption. The EPA’s State

Inventory Tool (SIT) provides national defaults representing the percentage of total Industrial

fuel consumption from non

- energy uses. These default values have an additional limitation

beyond t heir lack of geographic detail

- they represent the EIA’s definition of the Industrial

sector, which includes fuel use that is accounted for in other inventory source categories (e.g.,

Farm, Mining, Construction, and Commercial sectors fuel use that is acc ounted for in the

nonroad inventory). Because of these limitations, Pechan u se d regional non

- fuel use percentages

computed from energy consumption data from the EIA’s 2006 Manufacturing Energy

Consumption Survey (MECS ) for all fuel types (EIA, 2009c ).PECHAN April 2010



### 22 Draft Report 

### Table II

- 7 . LPG Nonroad Mobile Source Classification Codes

SCC Description_2 Description_3 Description_4

Industrial Sector

2267002000 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment All

2267002003 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Pavers

2267002006 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Tampers/Rammers

2267002009 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Plate Compactors

2267002015 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Rollers

2267002018 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Scrapers

2267002021 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Paving Equipment

2267002024 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Surfacing Equipment

2267002027 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Signal Boards/Light Plants

2267002030 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Trenchers

2267002033 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Bore/Drill Rigs

2267002036 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Excavators

2267002039 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Concrete/Industrial Saws

2267002042 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Cement and Mortar Mixers

2267002045 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Cranes

2267002048 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Graders

2267002051 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Off

- highway Trucks

2267002054 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Crushing/Processing Equipment

2267002057 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Rough Terrain Forklifts

2267002060 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Rubber Tire Loaders

2267002063 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Rubber Tire Tractors/Dozers

2267002066 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes

2267002069 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Crawler Tractor/Dozers

2267002072 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Skid Steer Loaders

2267002075 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Off

- Highway Tractors

2267002078 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Dumpers/Tenders

2267002081 LPG Construction and Mining Equipment Other Construction Equipment

2267003000 LPG Industrial Equipment All

2267003010 LPG Industrial Equipment Aerial Lifts

2267003020 LPG Industrial Equipment Forklifts

2267003030 LPG Industrial Equipment Sweepers/Scrubbers

2267003040 LPG Industrial Equipment Other General Industrial EquipmentPECHAN April 2010



### 23 Draft Report SCC Description_2 Description_3 Description_4

2267003050 LPG Industrial Equipment Other Material Handling Equipment

2267003060 LPG Industrial Equipment AC \ Refrigeration

2267003070 LPG Industrial Equipment Terminal Tractors

2267005000 LPG Agricultural Equipment All

2267005010 LPG Agricultural Equipment 2

- Wheel Tractors

2267005015 LPG Agricultural Equipment Agricultural Tractors

2267005020 LPG Agricultural Equipment Combines

2267005025 LPG Agricultural Equipment Balers

2267005030 LPG Agricultural Equipment Agricultural Mowers

2267005035 LPG Agricultural Equipment Sprayers

2267005040 LPG Agricultural Equipment Tillers >6 HP

2267005045 LPG Agricultural Equipment Swathers

2267005050 LPG Agricultural Equipment Hydro

- power Units

2267005055 LPG Agricultural Equipment Other Agricultural Equipment

2267005060 LPG Agricultural Equipment Irrigation Sets

2267007000 LPG Logging Equipment All

2267007005 LPG Logging Equipment Chain Saws > 6 HP

2267007010 LPG Logging Equipment Shredders > 6 HP

2267007015 LPG Logging Equipment Forest Eqp

– Feller/Bunch/Skidder

2267009000 LPG Underground Mining Equipment All

2267009010 LPG Underground Mining Equipment Other Underground Mining Equipment

2267010000 LPG Industrial Equipment All

2267010010 LPG Industrial Equipment Other Oil Field Equipment

Commercial Sector

2267004011 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Lawn Mowers (Commercial)

2267004016 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Rotary Tillers < 6 HP (Commercial)

2267004021 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Chain Saws < 6 HP (Commercial)

2267004026 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Trimmers/Edgers/Brush Cutters (Commercial)

2267004031 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Leafblowers/Vacuums (Commercial)

2267004036 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Snowblowers (Commercial)

2267004041 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers (Commercial)

2267004046 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Front Mowers (Commercial)

2267004051 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Shredders < 6 HP (Commercial)

2267004056 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Lawn and Garden Tractors (Commercial)

2267004061 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Wood Splitters (Commercial)

2267004066 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Chippers/Stump Grinders (Commercial)PECHAN April 2010



### 24 Draft Report SCC Description_2 Description_3 Description_4

2267004071 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Turf Equipment (Commercial)

2267004076 LPG Lawn and Garden Equipment Other Lawn and Garden Equipment (Commercial)

2267006000 LPG Commercial Equipment All

2267006005 LPG Commercial Equipment Generator Sets

2267006010 LPG Commercial Equipment Pumps

2267006015 LPG Commercial Equipment Air Compressors

2267006020 LPG Commercial Equipment Gas Compressors

2267006025 LPG Commercial Equipment Welders

2267006030 LPG Commercial Equipment Pressure Washers

2267006035 LPG Commercial Equipment Hydro

- power Units

2267008000 LPG Airport Ground Support Equipment All

2267008005 LPG Airport Ground Support Equipment Airport Ground Support Equipment

Note: EPA’s NONROAD model reports emissions/fuel consumption for the shaded entries.PECHAN April 2010



### 25 Draft Report 

### Table II

- 8 . Assumptions Used to Estimate Industrial Sector Stationary

Source Distillate Fuel Consumption

Sector Distillate Fuel Type % of Total

Consumption

from Stationary

Sources

Industrial No. 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 60

No. 2 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

No. 2 Distillate/Low and High Sulfur Diesel 15 a

No. 4 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

Farm Diesel 0

Other Distillate Fuel Oil 100

Off

- Highway

(Construction and Other) Distillate Fuel Oil 5

Oil Company Distillate Fuel Oil 50

a This value differs from the 0% assumption adopted in EPA’s nonroad diesel emissions rulemaking

because it is known that some diesel fuel is used by stationary sources (a 15 percent value was

selected for use as an approximate mid

- point of a potential rang e of 8 to 24% stationary source use

computed from a review of national data from the EIA’s Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey

and “Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales”).



### Table II

- 9 . Assumptions Used to Estimate Commercial/Institutional Sector

Stationary Source Distillate Fuel Consumption

Sector Distillate Fuel Type % of Total

Consumption from

Stationary Sources

Commercial No. 1 Distillate Fuel Oil 80

No. 2 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

No. 2 Distillate/Ultra

- Low, Low, and High Sulfur Diesel 0 a

No. 4 Distillate Fuel Oil 100

a A very small portion of total commercial/institutional diesel is actually consumed by point sources (SCC

203001xx).



### There are two reasons why MECS provides a more representative data set for use in this project : (1) MECS provides data specific to the region of interest; and (2) MECS focuses solely on the

Manufacturing sector. The latter characteristic is particularly important for fuel types which

consume significant amounts of non

- Manufacturing sector energy that is alre ady included

elsewhere (e.g., distillate fuel used by the Construction sector, which is included in the nonroad

inventory). The MECS non

- fuel consumption data treat coal that is used to produce coke as a

feedstock (Lorenz, 2009). However, available data indicate that only four of the SESARM states

produce coke (Alabama, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia; EIA, 2008 a ) and cok e combustion

is not included in the area source emissions inventory. Because of this, Pechan estimated the

percent energy consumption from non

- fuel use for SESARM states without coke plants byPECHAN April 2010



### 26 Draft Report 

### subtracting the coal used in the primary metals industrial subsector (NAICS code 331*) from the

MECS coal dataset. More than 97 percent of coking coal is ultimately consumed in this

subsector (Lo renz, 2009). Table II

- 10 presents the non

- fuel use percentages by type of energy.

Table II

- 10 . Industrial Sector Energy Consumption from Non

- Fuel Uses

Energy Type 2006 MECS % Energy Consumption from Non

- Fuel

Use

South 1 National

Residual 30% 20%

Distillate 12% 12%

Natural Gas 11% 7%

LPG/NGL 99% 97%

Coal (excludes coking coal) 9% 6%

Sources: EIA, 2009 c and Lorenz, 2009.

1 All SESARM states are in the South region.



### d

. Point Source Energy Consumption

This draft inventory does not account for point source subtractions. These subtractions will be

performed for the final inventory, and will follow the procedures outlined in an earlier Pechan

Technical Memorandum (Pechan, 2009c).

e

. Emission Factors

Table II

- 11 presents the criteria pollutant emission factors that Pechan used in calculating ICI

combustion area source emissions. Except as noted below, all criteria air pollutant emission

factors are from an EPA database used to prepar e the 2008 nonpoint source NE I (Huntley,

2009). 4 

### Wood combustion emission factors are from AP

- 42 (EPA, 2003b). Because there are no

NH 3 

### emission factors for ICI fuel combustion available in the 2008 NEI emission factor

database, AP

- 42, or EPA’s WebFIRE, Pechan used emission factors reported in an NH 3 

### emissions Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP) guidance document (Pechan, 2004).

With a few notable exceptions, the 2008 NEI emission factors are the same as those used for the

2002 NEI. 5 

### The PM emission factors for natural gas and LPG combustion are the major

exceptions. Because the 2002 emission factors were deemed too high because of artifact

formation in the test method (method 202) during stack testing, EPA developed a set of SCC

sp ecific adjustment factors to apply to the 2002 NEI to better reflect PM emissions from these

fuels. 6 

### In preparation for the 2008 NEI, EPA developed revised natural gas PM emission factors

by applying these adjustment factors to the 2002 NEI emission facto rs. Revised emission factors

for LPG were computed by applying appropriate conversion factors to the updated natural gas

emission factors.

4 All criteria pollutant emission factors were rounded to two decimal places.

5 The 2002 NEI documentation provides citations to the AP

- 42 source for each emission factor.

6 These factors reduce PM emissions by more than 90 percent.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 27 Table II

- 11 . Criteria Pollutant Emission Factors for ICI Combustion Area Source Categories

SCC Description Emission Factor

Units 1 VOC NO

x CO SO 2 PM2.5

- FIL PM10

- FIL PM

- CON NH 3

2102001000 Industrial Anthracite Coal lb/ton 0.3 9 0.6 39 * S% 0.48 * A% 1.1 * A% 0.08 0.03

2102002000 Industrial Bitum/Subbitum Coal lb/ton 0.05 11 5 38 * S% 1.4 12 1.04 0.03

2102004000 Industrial Distillate Oil lb/1000 gal 0.2 20 5 142 * S% 0.25 1 1.3 0.8

2102005000 Industrial Residual Oil lb/1000 gal 0.28 55 5 157 * S% 4.67 * (1.12 *

S% + 0.37) 7.17 * (1.12 *

S% + 0.37) 1.5 0.8

2102006000 Industrial Natural Gas lb/MMcf 5.5 100 84 0.6 0.11 0.2 0.32 0.49

2102007000 Industrial LPG 2 lb/1000 bbl 21.9 398 502 2.39 0.438 0.797 1.275 1.95

2102008000 Industrial Wood 3 lb/MMBtu 0.017 0.22 0.6 0.025 0.43 0.5 0.017 0.086 4

2102011000 Industrial Kerosene lb/1000 gal 0.19 19.29 4.82 142 * S% 0.24 0.96 1.25 0.771

2103001000 Comm/Inst Anthracite Coal lb/ton 0.3 9 0.6 39 * S% 0.48 * A% 1.1 * A% 0.08 * A% 0.03

2103002000 Comm/Inst Bitum/Subbitum Coal lb/ton 0.05 11 5 38 * S% 1.4 12 1.04 0.03

2103004000 Comm/Inst Distillate Oil lb/1000 gal 0.34 20 5 142 * S% 0.83 1.08 1.3 0.8

2103005000 Comm/Inst Residual Oil lb/1000 gal 1.13 55 5 157 * S% 1.92 * (1.12 *

S% + 0.37) 5.17 * (1.12 *

S% + 0.37) 1.5 0.8

2103006000 Comm/Inst Natural Gas lb/MMcf 5.5 100 84 0.6 0.11 0.2 0.32 0.49

2103007000 Comm/Inst LPG lb/1000 bbl 21.9 398 502 2.39 0.438 0.797 1.275 1.95

2103008000 Comm/Inst Wood 3 lb/MMBtu 0.017 0.22 0.6 0.025 0.43 0.5 0.017 0.086 4

2103011000 Comm/Inst Kerosene lb/1000 gal 0.33 19.29 4.82 142 * S% 0.8 1.04 1.25 0.771

Source: Unless otherwise noted, 2008 nonpoint source NEI (Huntley, 2009).

Notes: 1 lb = pound; ton = short ton; gal = gallon; MMcf = million cubic feet; MMBtu = million British thermal units; bbl = barrels; S = sulfur content; A = ash

content

2 Emission factors from Commercial/Institutional LPG.

3 Emission factors from AP

- 42 , Section 1.6, Wood Residue Combustion in Boilers (EPA, 2003b).

4 Emission factor from Pechan, 2004; reported in lb/tons.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 28 f

. Coal Sulfur a nd Ash Content

For a recent ICI combustion area source inventory project for the Central Regional Air Planning

Association (CENRAP), Pechan evaluated the reliability of various data sources for coal sulfur

content to be used to estimate emissions in that project. Pechan evaluated five potential data

sources:

1. 2002 CENRAP state point source inventories;

2. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)’s U.S. Coal Quality Database;

3. Energy Information Administration (EIA)’s ―Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants

2002 and 2003

. ‖

4. EIA’s ―EIA

- 423

- Monthly Nonutility Fuel Receipts and Fuel Quality Data, 2002 ; ‖ and

5. EIA’s ―Quarterly Coal Report, January

– March 2003

. ‖

Pechan evaluated these coal sulfur content data sources with respect to two specific criteria

identified in the QAPP for this project: r epresentativeness and accuracy. Based on these

evaluations, Pechan use d the average sulfur content data from EIA’s ―Quarterly Coal Report‖ to

estimate the sulfur content of both Industrial and Commercial/Institutional sector bituminous/

subbituminous coal in each SESARM state (EIA, 2008b). Even though this source does not

report whether the coal is bituminous/subbituminous or anthracite, it is appropriate to treat the

values for this source as representative of bituminous/subbituminous coal because anthra cite

accounts for only a very small proportion of coal consumption in SESARM states.

Due to the lack of available data for anthracite coal, Pechan use d the average ash content

(13.38 percent) and sulfur content (0.89 percent) from the 2002 NEI for the Industrial and

Commercial/Institutional sectors. These percentages are based on the composition of anthracite

coal seams in Pennsylvania, where all anthracite coal imported by SESARM sta tes originated in

2007 (EIA, 2008c). Tables II

- 12 and II

- 1 3 report the c oal ash and /or sulfur content values that

were used in calculating ICI combustion area source emissions for the 2007 base year inventory.

g

. County Allocation Data

After computing s tate

- level area source emissions using the data described above, the next step is

to allocate these emissions to individual counties. Separate allocation approaches were implemented for the Industrial and Commercial/Institutional sectors. For Commercial/

Institutional sector source categories, the approach rel ies on county employment data compiled

from government sources. For Industrial sector source categories, the approach utilize s county

level Industrial sector energy consumption estimates developed i n this effort.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 29 Table II

- 12 . Bituminous/Subbituminous Coal Sulfur Content for

2007 ICI Combustion

State Industrial Coal

Sulfur Content (%) Commercial/

Institutional Coal

Sulfur Content (%)

Alabama 0.94 0.94

Florida 0.87 0.87

Georgia 0.95 0.95

Kentucky 0.89 0.89

Mississippi 2.01 2.01

South Carolina 1.10 1.10

North Carolina 0.90 0.90

Tennessee 1.21 1.21

Virginia 0.96 0.96

West Virginia 0.95 0.95

1 R eflect s the average from coal received in 2007.

2 Assum es that coal burned in the Commercial/Institutional sector has the same

composition as coal burned in the Industrial sector.



### Table II

- 1 3 . Anthracite Coal Ash and Sulfur Content for 2007 ICI Combustion

State Industrial Commercial/Institutional

Ash Content

(%) Sulfur Content

(%) Ash Content

(%) Sulfur Content

(%)

Alabama 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Florida 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Georgia 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Kentucky 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Mississippi 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

South Carolina 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

North Carolina 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Tennessee 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

Virginia 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89

West Virginia 13.38 0.89 13.38 0.89PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 30 Commercial/Institutional

Because SEDS data originate from EIA fuel sector

- specific surveys of energy suppliers, 7 

### Pechan

reviewed these survey forms/instructions for further details on what SEDS considers

Commercial sector use of each fuel. This review found that the surveys/guidance do not always

provide further clarity. In addition, the EIA has admitte d that energy suppliers may use their

own account classifications as well as EIA guidance in determining whether a particular account

belongs in the Residential, Commercial, Industrial, or Transportation sector. The only source of

NAICS

- code based EIA def initions of the Commercial energy sector is a ―rough crosswalk‖

between Commercial building types and NAICS codes developed for EIA’s Commercial

Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). With the exception of NAICS code 814

(Private Households), this cr osswalk links all NAICS codes between 42 and 92 with Commercial

building energy consumption. Employment data for the CBECS

- identified NAICS codes (42

though 92 with exception of 814) w ere used to allocate SEDS energy consumption data to

individual countie s. Pechan use d private sector 2006 employment data from County Business

Patterns (CBP) and public sector 2006 employment data from the Census of Governments

(Census, 2009a; and Census, 2009b) because these data were already comp iled in support of the

2008 NEI ( year

- to

- year changes in county employment proportions are expected to be minimal )

.

Industrial

Unlike the Commercial sector, documentation provides a clear listing of the NAICS codes

associated with SEDS Industrial energy consumption data: ―the ind ustrial sector encompasses

the following types of activity: Manufacturing (NAICS codes 31

– 33); Agriculture, Forestry,

Fishing and Hunting (NAICS code 11); Mining, including Oil and Gas Extraction (NAICS code

21); and Construction (NAICS code 23).‖ As not ed earlier, a portion of Industrial sector

consumption (Agriculture, Mining and Construction) is already accounted for in other emission

inventory sectors and was removed. Therefore, Pechan did not expand the list of NAICS codes

used to represent the area source Industrial fuel combustion category beyond the Manufacturing

sector NAICS codes (31

- 33).

Employment

- based county allocation methods lead to overrepresentation of energy consumption

in counties with sectors that have high employment but low energy intensities (measured on a

Btu per employee basis), and vice

- versa. Given that Manufacturing sectors have much greater

energy intensity variability than Commercial/Institutional sectors, Pechan ut ilize d energy use per employee values by NAICS code to impr ove upon the employment

- based county allocation

approach used in the 2008 NEI for the Industrial fuel combustion category . This procedure

rel ied on 2007 national energy consumption data by NAICS code as reported by EIA in Annual

Energy Outlook (EIA, 2009d ). Energy intensity values were computed by dividing these Btu

based energy consumption estimates by NAICS code

- level 2007 national employment data. The

resulting intensity values w ere then multiplied by county/NAICS code

- level employment

estimates from CBP to estimate total county energy consumption by NAICS code. These values

w ere then summed for the appropriate Industrial fuel combustion NAICS codes. The resulting

7 For natural gas, for example

– EIA

- 176 ―Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and

Disposition.‖PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 31 county

- level total Industrial energy consumption estimates w ere used to apportion s tate

- level

area source Industrial fuel combustion emissions to each county.

Estimation of Withheld Employment Data

Due to concerns with releasing confidential business information, the CBP withholds values for a

given county/NAICS code if it would be pos sible to identify individual businesses from these

values. In such cases, the CBP reports a letter code, representing a particular employment size

range. Pechan use d the following procedure to estimate data for withheld counties/NAICS

codes.

1. County

- leve l employment for counties with reported values are totaled by s tate for the

applicable NAICS code.

2. Value from step 1 is subtracted from the s tate employment value for the NAICS code.

3. Each of the withheld counties is assigned an initial employment estimate reflecting the

midpoint of the CBP range code (e.g., code A, which reflects 1

- 19 employees, is assigned an

estimate of 10 employees).

4. The initial employment estimates from step 3 are then summed to the state level.

5. The value from step 2 is divided by the v alue from step 4 to yield an adjustment factor to

apply to the initial employment estimates to yield employment values that will sum to the

state employment total for the applicable NAICS code.

6. The final county

- level employment values are estimated by mult iplying the initial

employment estimates from step 3 by the step 5 adjustment factors.

Example: NAICS 31

- 33 (Manufacturing) in Maine

fipsstate fipscty naics empflag emp

23 001 31

---- 6,774

23 003 31

---- 3,124

23 005 31

---- 10,333

23 007 31

---- 1,786

23 009 31

---- 1,954

23 011 31

---- 2,535

23 013 31

---- 1,418

23 015 31

---- F 0

23 017 31

---- 2,888

23 019 31

---- 4,522

23 021 31

---- 948

23 023 31

---- I 0

23 025 31

---- 4,322

23 027 31

---- 1,434

23 029 31

---- 1,014

23 031 31

---- 9,749PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 32 1. The total of employees not including counties 015 and 023 is 52,801.

2. The state

- level CBP reports 59,322 employees in NAICS 31

— the difference is 6,521.

3. County 015 is given a midpoint of 1,750 (since range code F is 1,000

- 2,499) and County 023

is given a midpoint of 17,500.

4. State total for these two counties is 19,250.

5. 6,521/19,250 = 0.33875.

The final employment estimate for county 015 is 1,750 * 0.33875 = 593. The county 023 final

employment estimate is computed as 17,500 * 0.33875 = 5,928.



## C

. INVENTORY SUPPLEMENTATION / FINAL DATA MERGING

As directed by S/L a gencies, Pechan supplemented 2007 S/L agency supplied emissions data

(when supplied) and Pechan default emissions data with emissions data from the 2002 nonpoint

source NEI, or in the case of Georgia, the state’s 200 5 Consolidated Emissions R eporting Rule

(CERR) submittal. To assist agencies that supplied S/L emissions data

, Pechan compiled a l ist

of SCC/pollutant combinations in the S/L area’s portion of the 2 002 nonpoint source NEI that

d id not match to combinations in either the S/L agency inventory or Pechan’s default inventory

. This list was docum ented in a n Excel worksheet and transmitted along with a request for

agencies to identify whether each combination’s emissions should be carr ied forward or grown

to 2007 using EGAS growth factors. Pechan contacted agencies with any necessary follow

- up questions to clarify guidance on the NEI supplementation procedure.

To assist agencies that did not supply their own emissions data, Pechan compiled a list of

SCC/pollutant combinations in the state ’s portion of the 2002 nonpoint source NEI that did not

match to combinations in P echan’s default inventory. Th e s e list s were documented in an Excel

workbook, which also contained a workshee t identifying associated inventory supplementation

questions (e.g., ― t he 2002 NEI reports VOC emissions under Dry Cleaning/Perchloroethylene

SCCs

— Pechan’s default inventory does not include VOC emissions for this SCC because

perchloroethylene is no longer considered a VOC by EPA. Please confirm that VOC emissions

from these SCCs should not be carried forward/grown ‖ ). After reviewing state agency responses to these data merging questions, Pechan contacted agencies with follow

- up questions as

necessary to c larify state guidance.

Table II

- 14 displays the SCC/pollutant combinations for which 2002 nonpoint source NEI

emissions were carried forward or grown to 2007 using growth factors from EGAS. 8 

### F urther

document ing the data merging procedures are NIF EM tabl e records and the SCC/county

- level

emission summaries that display a data source code for each record. T able II

- 15 presents t he

data source codes used to document the source of each area source emission record.. The

compiled inventory was converted into EPA’s NIF 3.0 nonpoint source format. 9

8 Note that for some SCCs, EGAS did not provide growth factors. In these cases, Pechan used underlying EGAS

5.0 information ( i.e., the EGAS Version 5.0 SCC

- to

- g rowth indicator crosswalk and economic output data from

version 5.5 of the Regional Economic Models, Inc. [REMI] model) to develop growth factors.

9 Pechan removed throughput data w he n 2002 nonpoint source NEI data were carried forward,PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 33 Table II

- 14

. Summary of Data Carried/Forward Grown From 2002 NEI

Source

Classific

ation Code Source Classification Code Description Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Kentucky

Rest of

State Mississippi South

Carolina Tennessee

- Rest of

State Virginia West

Virginia

2102010000 Stationary Fuel Comb/Industrial/Process Gas/Total: All Boiler Types EGAS

2275085000 Aircraft/Unpaved Airstrips/Total EGAS (Majority) EGAS

2275900000 Aircraft/Refueling: All Fuels/All Processes ** (Use 25

- 01

- 080

- xxx) EGAS

2301030000 Chemical Manufacturing/Process Emissions from Pharmaceutical Manuf/Total EGAS Carry EGAS EGAS Exclude Exclude Carry Carry Carry

2301040000 Chemical Manufacturing/Fugitive Emissions from Synthetic Organic Chem Manuf/Total EGAS Carry (Majority) EGAS Carry Exclude Carry

2302050000 Food & Kindred Products/Bakery Products/Total EGAS (Majority) EGAS

2302070000 Food & Kindred Products/Fermentation/Beverages/Total EGAS (Majority)

2302070005 Food & Kindred Products/Fermentation/Beverages/Wineries EGAS

2302070010 Food & Kindred Products/Fermentation/Beverages/Distilleries EGAS

2305070000 Mineral Processes/Concrete, Gypsum, Plaster Products/Total Carry

2306000000 Petroleum Refining/All Processes/Total EGAS EGAS Exclude Carry

2306010000 Petroleum Refining/Asphalt Paving/Roofing Materials/Total Carry

2307060000 Wood Products/Misc Wood Products/Total Carry

2308000000 Rubber/Plastics/All Processes/Total Carry (Majority) Carry

2309000000 Fabricated Metals/All Processes/Total Carry

2309100010 Fabricated Metals/Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services/Electroplating Carry

2309100230 Fabricated Metals/Coating, Engraving, and Allied Services/Alkaline Cleaning Carry

2310000000 Oil & Gas Expl & Prod/All Processes/Total: All Processes EGAS Carry (Majority) EGAS EGAS Carry Exclude Carry Carry

2325000000 Mining &Quarrying/All Processes/Total EGAS Carry EGAS EGAS EGAS EGAS Carry Carry Carry

2399000000 Industrial Processes: NEC/Industrial Processes: NEC/Total EGAS Carry (Majority) EGAS Exclude Exclude Carry Carry

2401001010 Surface Coating/Architectural Coatings/Primers, Sealers, and Undercoaters Carry

2401001050 Surface Coating/Architectural Coatings/All Other Architectural Categories Carry

2401005600 Surface Coating/Auto Refinishing/Primers Carry

2401005700 Surface Coating/Auto Refinishing/Top Coats Carry

2440000000 Misc Industrial/All Processes/Total: All Solvent Types Carry CarryPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 34 Source

Classific

ation Code Source Classification Code Description Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Kentucky

Rest of

State Mississippi South

Carolina Tennessee

- Rest of

State Virginia West

Virginia

2461800000 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic

. : All Processes/Total: All Solvent Types EGAS (Majority)

2461850004 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic

. : Agric

. /Herbicides, Potatoes EGAS

2461850005 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic

. : Agric

. /Herbicides, Soy Beans EGAS

2461850006 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic

. : Agric

. /Herbicides, Hay & Grains EGAS

2461850009 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic .: Agric./Herbicides, n

. e

. c

. EGAS

2461850051 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic

. : Agric

. /Other Pesticides, Corn EGAS

2461850054 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic

. : Agric

. /Other Pesticides, Potatoes EGAS

2461850056 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic

. : Agric

. /Other Pesticides, Hay & Grains EGAS

2461850099 Misc Non

- industrial: Commercial/Pesticide Applic

. : Agric ./Other Pesticides, n.e.c. EGAS

2465800000 Misc Non

- indus: Consumer/Pesticide Application/Total: All Solvent Types EGAS EGAS Carry

2501000090 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/All Storage Types: Breathing Loss/Distillate Oil Carry

2501050090 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses/Distillate Oil Carry

2501050150 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses/Jet Naphtha Carry

2501050180 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/Bulk Terminals: All Evaporative Losses/Kerosene Carry

2501070000 Diesel Service Stations/Total: All Products/All Processes EGAS

2501070051 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 1: Submerged Filling Carry (Majority) Carry

2501070052 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 1: Splash Filling Carry

2501070053 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 1: Balanced Submerged Filling Carry (Majority)

2501070100 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 2: Total Carry (Majority)

2501070101 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 2: Displacement Loss/Uncontrolled Carry

2501070103 Diesel Service Stations/Stage 2: Spillage Carry

2501070201 Diesel Service Stations/Underground Tank: Breathing and Emptying Carry (Majority) Carry

2501995000 Petrol & Petrol Product Storage/All Storage Types: Working Loss/Total: All Products Carry (Majority)

2505020000 Petrol & Petrol Product Transport/Marine Vessel/Total: All Products Carry (Majority)

2505020120 Petrol & Petrol Product Transport/Marine Vessel/Gasoline Carry (Majority)

2510000000 Organic Chemical Storage/All Storage Types: Breathing Loss/Total: All Products Carry

2530000020 Bulk Materials Storage/All Storage Types/Cement CarryPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 35 Source

Classific

ation Code Source Classification Code Description Alabama Florida Georgia 1 Kentucky

Rest of

State Mississippi South

Carolina Tennessee

- Rest of

State Virginia West

Virginia

2530000100 Bulk Materials Storage/All Storage Types/Limestone Carry

2530000120 Bulk Materials Storage/All Storage Types/Sand Carry

2530050000 Bulk Materials Storage/Bulk Stations/Terminals/Total: All Products Carry

2601000000 On

- site Incineration/All Categories/Total Carry (Majority) Carry

2601010000 On

- site Incineration/Industrial/Total EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS

2601020000 On

- site Incineration/Commercial/Institutional/Total EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS EGAS Carry

2620000000 Landfills/All Categories/Total EGAS (Majority)

2620030000 Landfills/Municipal/Total Carry (Majority) Carry

2630020000 Wastewater Treatment/Public Owned/Total Processed Carry

2630020001 Wastewater Treatment/Public Owned/Flaring of Gases Carry

2640000000 TSDFs/All TSDF Types/Total: All Processes EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS EGAS EGAS Exclude Carry Carry

2660000000 Leaking Underground Storage Tanks/Leaking Underground Storage Tanks/Total: All

Storage Types EGAS (Majority)

2801000000 Agric

- Crops/Total EGAS Carry EGAS Carry EGAS Carry Carry

2801000003 Agric

- Crops/Tilling EGAS Carry EGAS EGAS Carry EGAS Carry Carry Carry

2805001000 Agric

- Livestock/Beef cattle

- finishing operations on feedlots (drylots)/Dust Kicked

- up

by Hooves EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS EGAS Carry

2810001000 Forest Wildfires

- Wildfires

- Unspecified Carry

2810015000 Prescribed Forest Burning/Unspecified Carry

2810030000 Structure Fires/Unspecified EGAS Carry EGAS EGAS Carry EGAS Carry Carry

2810050000 Motor Vehicle Fires/Unspecified EGAS EGAS (Majority) EGAS Carry

2810060200 Cremation/Animals Carry

2830000000 Catastrophic/Accidental Releases/All Catastrophic/Accidential Releases/Total EGAS Carry

2830001000 Catastrophic/Accidental Releases/Industrial Accidents/Total Carry

2841000040 Misc Repair Shops/Misc Repair Shops/Soldering Operations Carry

1 Pechan Default inventory for GA supplemented w ith EGAS

- grown emissions from Georgia’s 2005 CERR submission

.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 36 Table II

- 15

. Area Source Inventory Data Source Codes

Code Desc ription

P

- 07

- X

- NPT Pechan d efault area source estimate

P

- 07

- X

- PT Pechan default total source estimate (SCC has both area and point source

component; point source subtraction not performed yet).

N

- 02

- G 2002 nonpoint source NEI estimate grown using EGAS

N

- 02

- F 2002 nonpoint source NEI estimate carried forward (no growth)

S

- 05

- G 2005 Georgia area source CERR s ubmission estimate grown using EGAS

S

- 07

- X State agency

- s upplied estimate

L

- 07

- X Local a gency

- supplied estimate

L

- 07

- X

- VR Estimated from local agency VOC estimate and Pechan default inventory derived

ratio relative of pollutant emission factor to VOC emission factor.



## D

. QA/QC PROCEDURES

The quality assurance procedures that Pechan peformed on the draft 2007 stationary area source

inventory included:

For each SCC, reviewed that the jurisidiction’s emissions were compiled from the correct

data source table and checked that all jurisdiction/SCC combinations from our master

internal data merge list were included in the final EM table and that all final EM table

entries had a c orresponding match in this list;

For Pechan default SCCs without a point source component, r eviewed regional emission

totals by SCC and pollutant versus regional emission t otals compiled from the 2002

nonpoint source NEI

— large discrepancies, especially in terms of different trends across

pollutants for a given SCC (i.e., some with large increases, others with large decreases)

were evaluated for validity ; 10



### Confirmed that each EM table record was assigned a proper data source code;

Ran the EPA’s NIF QA/Content Checker on the set of compiled NIF tables and made

necessary revisions

— this program checks for invalid entries (e.g., SCCs) and formatting,

performs referential integrity checks, and compares annual emssion values and other

fields agains a range of typical values that a re based on previous inventories ; and

Evaluated whether PM10 primary emissions are greater than or equal to PM2.5 primary

emissions and that condensable + filterable emissions are within 0.02 tons of primary

emissions.

Related to the PM relationship checks in the final bullet above, Table II

- 16 displays the North

Carolina records for which primary PM10 emissions are less than primary PM2.5 emissions.

Table II

- 17 presents Georgia records for which the sum of filterable plus condensable emissions

is more than 0.02 tons greater or less than primary PM emissions.

10 For example, while other pollutants decreased, a large increase in SO 2 emissions for the Residential Distillate

Combustion category was identified as attributable to emissions data supplied by North Carolina. Also, a much

larger increase in VOC emissions than other po llutant emissions for the Deep Fat Frying category was traced to a

methodology change between the 2002 NEI and the 2008 NEI.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 37 Table II

- 16

. Suspect North Carolina PM Emission Records

SCC FIPS

CODE COUNTY Data

Source

Code PM 10

- PRI PM25

- PRI

2102004000 37117 Martin County S

- 07

- X 0.00 00 0.00 03

2102004000 37187 Washington County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.65

2102006000 37001 Alamance County S

- 07

- X 4.24 4.87

2102006000 37003 Alexander County S

- 07

- X 1.48 1.49

2102006000 37019 Brunswick County S

- 07

- X 1.89 2.03

2102006000 37023 Burke County S

- 07

- X 0.34 2.38

2102006000 37025 Cabarrus County S

- 07

- X 4.44 4.90

2102006000 37027 Caldwell County S

- 07

- X 3.28 3.39

2102006000 37035 Catawba County S

- 07

- X 12.09 12.37

2102006000 37051 Cumberland County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.45

2102006000 37057 Davidson County S

- 07

- X 4.37 4.44

2102006000 37059 Davie County S

- 07

- X 1.27 1.47

2102006000 37063 Durham County S

- 07

- X 6.56 7.26

2102006000 37065 Edgecombe County S

- 07

- X 2.30 2.32

2102006000 37069 Franklin County S

- 07

- X 0.91 1.08

2102006000 37071 Gaston County S

- 07

- X 5.29 6.07

2102006000 37077 Granville County S

- 07

- X 0.52 0.78

2102006000 37081 Guilford County S

- 07

- X 21.05 22.85

2102006000 37083 Halifax County S

- 07

- X 0.66 0.84

2102006000 37085 Harnett County S

- 07

- X 1.92 1.95

2102006000 37089 Henderson County S

- 07

- X 0.22 0.83

2102006000 37091 Hertford County S

- 07

- X 0.39 0.59

2102006000 37101 Johnston County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.51

2102006000 37105 Lee County S

- 07

- X 2.83 3.27

2102006000 37107 Lenoir County S

- 07

- X 2.07 2.77

2102006000 37109 Lincoln County S

- 07

- X 1.76 1.77

2102006000 37111 McDowell County S

- 07

- X 1.06 1.17

2102006000 37121 Mitchell County S

- 07

- X 0.12 0.35

2102006000 37125 Moore County S

- 07

- X 1.69 1.93

2102006000 37129 New Hanover County S

- 07

- X 4.04 4.28

2102006000 37145 Person County S

- 07

- X 0.35 0.83

2102006000 37147 Pitt County S

- 07

- X 3.01 3.45

2102006000 37151 Randolph County S

- 07

- X 5.62 5.91

2102006000 37153 Richmond County S

- 07

- X 0.12 1.10

2102006000 37155 Robeson County S

- 07

- X 0.00 2.43

2102006000 37157 Rockingham County S

- 07

- X 1.62 2.53

2102006000 37159 Rowan County S

- 07

- X 1.07 2.10

2102006000 37161 Rutherford County S

- 07

- X 0.39 0.44

2102006000 37163 Sampson County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.02

2102006000 37165 Scotland County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.32

2102006000 37171 Surry County S

- 07

- X 1.99 2.11

2102006000 37179 Union County S

- 07

- X 5.30 5.98

2102006000 37181 Vance County S

- 07

- X 1.25 1.27

2102006000 37183 Wake County S

- 07

- X 22.08 22.49

2102006000 37191 Wayne County S

- 07

- X 3.74 3.81PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 38 SCC FIPS

CODE COUNTY Data

Source

Code PM 10

- PRI PM25

- PRI

2102006000 37193 Wilkes County S

- 07

- X 0.31 0.32

2102007000 37005 Alleghany County S

- 07

- X 24.60 147.73

2102007000 37017 Bladen County S

- 07

- X 428.33 1,895.08

2102007000 37029 Camden County S

- 07

- X 18.44 2,750.96

2102007000 37041 Chowan County S

- 07

- X 316.38 632.22

2102007000 37053 Currituck County S

- 07

- X 478.14 2,323.78

2102007000 37065 Edgecombe County S

- 07

- X 12.94 391.94

2102007000 37089 Henderson County S

- 07

- X 11.91 826.31

2102007000 37101 Johnston County S

- 07

- X 133.59 7,669.07

2102007000 37113 Macon County S

- 07

- X 80.58 529.22

2102007000 37125 Moore County S

- 07

- X 257.81 1,060.73

2102007000 37149 Polk County S

- 07

- X 63.59 118.78

2102007000 37161 Rutherford County S

- 07

- X 109.89 298.31

2102008000 37027 Caldwell County S

- 07

- X 128.68 130.70

2102008000 37075 Graham County S

- 07

- X 0.03 0.94

2102008000 37123 Montgomery County S

- 07

- X 7.24 28.42

2102008000 37187 Washington County S

- 07

- X 26.89 28.79

2103004000 37107 Lenoir County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.09

2103006000 37023 Burke County S

- 07

- X 1.60 1.85

2103006000 37025 Cabarrus County S

- 07

- X 2.28 3.10

2103006000 37035 Catawba County S

- 07

- X 5.30 5.61

2103006000 37045 Cleveland County S

- 07

- X 0.02 0.24

2103006000 37049 Craven County S

- 07

- X 1.49 1.59

2103006000 37051 Cumberland County S

- 07

- X 1.01 1.65

2103006000 37057 Davidson County S

- 07

- X 1.76 2.29

2103006000 37063 Durham County S

- 07

- X 1.77 2.39

2103006000 37071 Gaston County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.76

2103006000 37081 Guilford County S

- 07

- X 9.99 11.44

2103006000 37085 Harnett County S

- 07

- X 0.83 0.96

2103006000 37093 Hoke County S

- 07

- X 0.16 0.40

2103006000 37097 Iredell County S

- 07

- X 2.37 2.84

2103006000 37101 Johnston County S

- 07

- X 0.91 1.03

2103006000 37105 Lee County S

- 07

- X 1.33 1.98

2103006000 37107 Lenoir County S

- 07

- X 0.94 1.10

2103006000 37109 Lincoln County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.52

2103006000 37117 Martin County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.34

2103006000 37127 Nash County S

- 07

- X 0.65 0.72

2103006000 37133 Onslow County S

- 07

- X 0.02 0.90

2103006000 37139 Pasquotank County S

- 07

- X 0.55 0.63

2103006000 37141 Pender County S

- 07

- X 0.53 0.56

2103006000 37145 Person County S

- 07

- X 0.64 0.65

2103006000 37147 Pitt County S

- 07

- X 1.64 2.43

2103006000 37151 Randolph County S

- 07

- X 2.33 2.37

2103006000 37153 Richmond County S

- 07

- X 0.83 0.93

2103006000 37155 Robeson County S

- 07

- X 1.90 1.96

2103006000 37159 Rowan County S

- 07

- X 1.62 1.88

2103006000 37167 Stanly County S

- 07

- X 1.01 1.09

2103006000 37179 Union County S

- 07

- X 0.00 2.39PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 39 SCC FIPS

CODE COUNTY Data

Source

Code PM 10

- PRI PM25

- PRI

2103006000 37181 Vance County S

- 07

- X 0.49 0.74

2103006000 37183 Wake County S

- 07

- X 7.70 11.25

2103006000 37189 Watauga County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.41

2103006000 37191 Wayne County S

- 07

- X 1.44 1.86

2103006000 37195 Wilson County S

- 07

- X 1.57 1.58

2103007000 37005 Alleghany County S

- 07

- X 5.57 33.45

2103007000 37017 Bladen County S

- 07

- X 96.98 429.08

2103007000 37029 Camden County S

- 07

- X 4.17 622.86

2103007000 37041 Chowan County S

- 07

- X 71.63 143.14

2103007000 37053 Currituck County S

- 07

- X 108.26 526.14

2103007000 37065 Edgecombe County S

- 07

- X 2.93 88.74

2103007000 37089 Henderson County S

- 07

- X 2.70 187.09

2103007000 37101 Johnston County S

- 07

- X 30.25 1,736.39

2103007000 37113 Macon County S

- 07

- X 18.24 119.82

2103007000 37125 Moore County S

- 07

- X 58.37 240.17

2103007000 37149 Polk County S

- 07

- X 14.40 26.89

2103007000 37161 Rutherford County S

- 07

- X 24.88 67.54

2103008000 37023 Burke County S

- 07

- X 0.73 2.57

2103008000 37035 Catawba County S

- 07

- X 1.38 4.29

2103008000 37151 Randolph County S

- 07

- X 9.16 9.26

2103008000 37155 Robeson County S

- 07

- X 3.97 4.42

2103008000 37163 Sampson County S

- 07

- X 0.00 0.21

2103008000 37179 Union County S

- 07

- X 0.00 1.42



### Table II

- 17

. Suspect Georgia PM Emission Records

SCC FIPS

Code County Data

Source

Code PM10

-

PRI PM10

-

FIL PM25

-

PRI PM25

-

FIL PM

CON

2601010000 13115 Floyd County 1 S

- 05

- G 18.71 1 16. 976 13.34 3 11.63 0 1.71 3

2601020000 13001 Appling County 2 S

- 05

- G 1.0 89 1.00 3 0.7 87 0.6 79 0.1 08

2601020000 13107 Emanuel County 2 S

- 05

- G 1.089 1.00 3 0.787 0.6 79 0.108

2601020000 13091 Dodge County 2 S

- 05

- G 1.089 1.00 3 0.787 0.6 79 0.108

2601020000 13071 Colquitt County 2 S

- 05

- G 1.089 1.00 3 0.787 0.6 79 0.108

2601020000 13059 Clarke County 2 S

- 05

- G 1.089 1.00 3 0.787 0.6 79 0.108

2601020000 13013 Barrow County 2 S

- 05

- G 1.089 1.00 3 0.787 0.6 79 0.108

2601020000 13157 Jackson County 2 S

- 05

- G 1.089 1.00 3 0.787 0.6 79 0.108

2601010000 13067 Cobb County 2 S

- 05

- G 37.79 2 34.33 4 26.9 59 23.4 8 9 3.48 0

1 PM10

- PRI is >0.02 tons greater than the sum of PM10

- FIL + PM

- CON

2 PM10

- PRI is >0.02 tons less than the sum of PM10

- FIL + PM

- CONPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 40 

# III. 2007 NONROAD MOBILE SOURCE INVENTORY

The nonroad sector is comprised of nonroad engines included in EPA’s NONROAD model, as

well as other engines not modeled in NONROAD, including aircraft, commercial marine vessels

and locomotives. A 2007 n onroad sector inventory was developed u sing the following general

procedures:

NONROAD model categories were based on the National Mobile Inventory Model

(NMIM2008). SESARM agencies were asked to review the latest 2007 NMIM County

Database and provide revisions as needed to the NMIM inputs.

Th e aircraft category was based on EPA’s 2008 NEI. The 2008 estimates were backcast

to 2007, and any state comments were incorporated.

The commercial marine vessel category was based on EPA’s 2008 NEI, adjusted to 2007,

and supplemented with any state emiss ions data.

The locomotive category was based on draft Class I and Class II/III line haul emissions

developed by ERTAC. Passenger and c ommuter r ail emissions were based on EPA’s

2002 NEI. S tate emission estimates were also included.

A more detailed descr iption of how 2007 emissions estimates for these nonroad categories were

prepared is provided below.



## A. NONROAD MODEL CATEGORIES

NONROAD model categories include equipment such as recreational marine and land

- based

vehicles, farm, construction and indust rial machinery, and lawn and garden equipment. These

equipment are powered by compression

- ignition engines, which are typically diesel

- fueled, as

well as spark

- ignition or gasoline

- fueled engines. Compressed natural gas (CNG) and LPG

engines are also incl uded in the NONROAD model. Criteria pollutant emissions may not be

reported for all SCCs for all counties in the SESARM region, and will depend on the geographic

allocation methods used by the model, or state

- specific allocation data.

NMIM2008 incorporat es EPA’s latest NONROAD model (NONROAD2008) released in April

2009, and reflects all of EPA’s final nonroad standards to date. Pechan first distributed the 2007

year NMIM county

- level database (NCD) to SESARM agencies for review and comment.

Pechan prepa red a report to accompany nonroad

- related tables from the 2007 NCD providing

instructions for agencies to provide any updates to these files that may represent S/L/T

improvements to the NMIM/NONROAD defaults (Pechan, 2009 d ). A summary of the tables

distri buted and comments received from state s is provided in Table III

- 1

.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 41 Table III

- 1. Summary of 2007 NCD Tables and State Comments

NMIM Table Description Comments State(s)

County County

- specific variables Revised OzoneSeasonStartMonth and

OzoneSeasonEndMonth AL, SC, VA

Update Barometric Pressure Jefferson Cty KY, VA

CountyYearMonthHour Hourly temps and relative

humidity by month and county Revised temperatures and relative humidity

using NCDC data and EPA

- prescribed

methodology VA

CountyNRFile External NONROAD data

files Provided updates to SEASON.DAT file NC

Revised Underground Mining Cty Allocation File WV

CountyYear Additional external data files

(mostly onroad related) None

CountyYearMonth Maps counti es to monthly fuel

data Revised county/monthly gasoline profile

assignments GA, NC, SC,

Davidson Cty TN, VA

Gasoline Gasoline fuel properties Revised/added gasoline fuel profiles GA, NC, SC,

Davidson Cty TN, VA

Diesel Diesel sulfur content Revised Diesel sulfur content Davidson Cty, TN

Natural Gas Natural gas content None



### Further descriptions of the state data provided and how they were evaluated and used is provided

below.

CountyYearMonthHour Table

Virginia provided revised temperatures and relative humidity using National Climatic Data

Center (NCDC) data and the EPA

- prescribed methodology for stretching hourly averages to

capture daily minima and maxima values.

CountyNR Table

North Carolina provided an u pdated SEASON.DAT file (37000.sea) that changed the seasonal

profile assignment for North Carolina from the default Mid

- Atlantic region to the Southeast

region.

West Virginia provided an updated county allocation file for distributing activity and emiss ions

related to underground mining equipment in their state . This revised county distribution was

based on 2007 Underground Coal Production values as reported by the West Virginia’s Office of

Miners' Health Safety and Training 2007 Coal Production by Coun ty

.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 42 CountyYearMonth, Gasoline, and Diesel Tables

Several state s provided revised fuel profile assignments by county, as reflected in changes to the

CountyYearMonth table. In many cases, this also involved the creation of new gasoline profiles

in the Ga soline table. The revisions submitted primarily related to changes by month for Reid

Vapor Pressure (RVP) values as well as gasoline sulfur content. Updates to the oxygenated fuel

data were provided for some state s as well.

Some state s also revised the diesel fuel sulfur content values for 2007. For regional consistency,

unless the values were based on actual testing that reflected the diesel sulfur content in use for an

area, the NMIM default values of 1218 parts per million (ppm) for land

- based equipm ent 1389

ppm for recreational marine were retained.

Once the inputs to NMIM/NONROAD were quality assured, Pechan ran NMIM to generate

2007 annual emission estimates for all SESARM state s for all nonroad SCCs. Emissions from

aircraft ground support equi pment are now entirely addressed by the aircraft sector inventory

(see discussion under Section III.B of this report). Pechan removed emission estimates from the

NMIM output for the airport GSE SCCs (i.e., SCCs 2265008005, 2267008005, and

2270008005).



## B. AIRCRAFT

Airport

- related emission estimates were developed for the follo wing SCCs listed in Table III

- 2.

Table III

- 2. Aircraft S ource Classification Codes

Description SCC

Military Aircraft 2275001000

Commercial Aircraft 2275020000

General Aviation

- Piston 2275050011

General Aviation

- Turbine 2275050012

Air Taxi

- Piston 2275060011

Air Taxi

- Turbine 2275060012

Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) 2275070000

4

- Stroke Gasoline GSE 2265008005

LPG GSE 2267008005

CNG GSE 2268008005

Diesel GSE 2270008005



### 2007 aircraft emissions were primarily based on EPA’s 2008 NEI. The procedures and data for

developing aircraft emissions are described in further detail in EPA’s 2008 NEI documentation

(EPA, 2009a).

For commercial aircraft, the emission estimation methodology relied on airport and aircraft

specific landing and take

- off (LTO) data, coupled with mode and aircraft

- specific emission ratesPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 43 from the FAA’s Emission and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS). Emi ssions for ground

support equipment (GSE) and auxiliary power units (APUs) associated with commercial air

carriers were estimated by EDMS, using operating time defaults based on the type of service

performed. LTO data for general aviation and air taxi wer e obtained from FAA’s Terminal Area

Forecasts (TAF) and 5010 Forms. This activity was assigned to jet and propeller

- driven

fractions, and fleet

- average emission factors were then applied.

A portion of the military aircraft LTO are also reported by the FA A’s TAF and were

incorporated into the NEI. EPA has acknowledged that the military aircraft inventory developed

for 2008 was incomplete, and encouraged submittal of military aircraft emissions by state s. Also, emissions for military aircraft were only av ailable for VOC, NO

x 

### , CO, and SO 2 

### , with no

PM being reported.

The 2008 emissions and LTO data were back

- cast to 2007 using approach operations by airport

and aircraft type compiled from the FAA ’s Air Traffic Activity Data System (ATADS) (FAA,

2010). The airport

- level LTOs were assigned to counties and summed for the county. For

counties with aircraft emissions without a county match in ATADS, state average growth factors

were calculated and applied. The county

- level growth factors are not presented in this report, but

could be provided to SESARM if requested. The 2007 to 2008 growth factors were developed

for each of the six airport source categories. Commercial aircraft, APU, and GSE categories

relied on growth factors calculated from commercial a ir carrier LTOs. General aviation and air

taxi were grown using LTO data reported for these specific aviation categories. Military aircraft

were held constant from 2008 to 2007.

State

- supplied data are summarized in Table III

- 3 . Comments from Alabama, Georgia, and

Davidson County, Tennessee related to removing non

- operational airports or correcting county

assignments for individual airports. Both North Carolina and Virginia submitted military aircraft

emissions for military bases in their state . In a ddition, North Carolina provided emissions for

military aircraft activity at commercial airports, and also provided diesel GSE emissions

associated with all military aircraft. Note that for several North Carolina facilities, EPA had

already reported diese l GSE emissions associated with commercial aircraft activity, so s tate

provided diesel GSE emissions were added to these existing EPA estimates at the SCC level.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 44 Table III

- 3. Summary of State Updates to Aircraft Category Emissions

State/County SCC SCC D escription Pollutants Comments

Alabama 2275050011 General Aviation Piston All Removed emissions for 1 non

- operational airport;

1 airport in GA incorrectly assigned to AL county

2275050012 General Aviation Turbine

Georgia 2275050011 General Aviation Piston All Made revisions to county assignments for 2

airports

2275050012 General Aviation Turbine

North Carolina 2275001000 Military Aircraft All Added military aircraft emissions at military bases

and civilian airports

2270008005 Diesel Airport GSE

Davidson Cty, TN 2275050011 General Aviation Piston All Removed emissions for 4 non

- operational airports;

reassigned 1 airport from Davidson to Rutherford

County

2275050012 General Aviation Turbine

Virginia 2275001000 Military Aircraft All but

PM

- 10

and

PM

- 2.5 Added military aircraft emissions for 15 military

bases



### North Carolina provided estimates for all needed pollutants, and Virginia provided estimates for

all pollutants, with some exceptions for PM

- 10 and PM

- 2.5. Where PM

- 10 was provided by

Virginia for two facilities, we estimated PM

- 2.5 using a particle size multiplier of 0.669, from

Table ―Military Aircraft Emission Factors‖ in A ppendix A to EPA 2008 NEI documentation

(ERG, 2009a). PM emissions for the remaining military facilities in Virginia were not estimated.



## C. COMMERCIAL MARINE VE SSELS

Commer cial m arine v essel emissions are reported under the following SCCs:

2280002100

– Diesel, In Port

2280002200

– Diesel, Underway

2280003100

– Residual, In Port

2280003200

– Residual, Underway

For the purpose of the NEI it was assumed that Category 1 and 2 vessels typically use distillate

fuels, while Category 3 vessels primarily use residual blends. Category 3 engines are defined as

having displacement above 30 liters per cylinder.

2007 CMV emissions were based largely on EPA’s 2008 NEI. For Category 1 and 2 engines,

national diesel emissions, based on national 2008 fuel sales, wer e split into near

- shore port and

underway components. Port emissions were assigned to 150 largest ports using port traffic data

per Waterborne Commerce of the U.S. For the county allocation procedure, EPA developed a

GIS shape file library based on Bureau of Transportation data to more precisely assign port

emissions to counties, and to better allocate underway emissions to line segments/counties. ThisPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 45 represents a n improvement to the spatial allocation procedure used for previous versions of the

NEI.

2008 Category 3 CMV estimates were projected from a 2002 hourly modeling inventory

developed by EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ), and aggregated to an

annual basis for the NEI. EPA developed Category 3 inventories for a total of 117 deep sea and

inland ports, accounting for 4 different types of near

- port emissions, including hotelling,

maneuvering, reduced

- speed zone, and cruise mode. EPA spatial ly allocated emissions using

GIS shapefiles to specify the geographic locations for each type of near port emissions.

Additional details concerning the methodologies are described in EPA’s 2008 NEI

documentation (EPA, 2009b).

The 2008 CMV estimates were then adjusted to represent 2007. For Category 1 & 2 diesel

commercial marine vessels, 2007 emissions were estimated by applying growth factors to the

2008 emissions. National 2007 and 2008 emissions, by pollutant, were used to estimate the

growth factor s (EPA, 2008a). Emissions were adjusted at a national level because the surrogate

data used to estimate county

- level emissions for the 2008 NEI actually represent year 2007.

Table III

- 4 shows the growth factors, by pollutant. The PM10

- PRI and PM25

- PRI g rowth factor

value was also used for NH 3



### .

Table III

- 4. Category 1 & CMV Growth Factors, by Pollutant

Pollutant Growth Factor

CO 1.009

NH 3 1.045

NO

x 1.016

PM10

- PRI 1.045

PM25

- PRI 1.045

SO 2 1.110

VOC 1.008



### To estimate 2007 emissions for Category 3 residual commercial marine vessels, an annual

average regional growth rate was applied as a corresponding decrease to the 2008 NEI emissions

(EPA, 2008b). A correspondence was developed between the SESARM state s a nd available

regional growth rates for the East Coast and Gulf Coast. Table III

- 5 contains this

correspondence along with the growth factor. Coun ties in the s tate of Florida were assigned to

the two regions as appropriate.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 46 Table III

- 5. Category 3 CMV G rowth Factors, by State and SCC

FIPSST State SCC Region GF

01 AL 2280003100 Gulf Coast 0.955

01 AL 2280003200 Gulf Coast 0.955

12 FL 2280003100 Gulf Coast 0.955

12 FL 2280003200 Gulf Coast 0.955

12 FL 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

12 FL 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

13 GA 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

13 GA 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

21 KY 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

21 KY 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

28 MS 2280003100 Gulf Coast 0.955

28 MS 2280003200 Gulf Coast 0.955

37 NC 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

37 NC 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

45 SC 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

45 SC 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

47 TN 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

47 TN 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

51 VA 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

51 VA 2280003200 East Coast 0.971

54 WV 2280003100 East Coast 0.971

54 WV 2280003200 East Coast 0.971



### State provided data are listed in Table III

- 6. South Carolina provided a county

- level inventory

for the port of Charleston for 2005. The 2005 estimates were grown to 2007 using Army Corps

of Engineers data on total commodity tonnage handled at the Port of Charleston (ACE, 2010).

Davidson County provided a county

- level CMV inventory reported under the general SCC

2280000000. Finally, Virginia also provided a military marine emissions inventory, with the

exclusion of Coast Guard Vessels, since activity for these ships should be captured by EPA’s

Category 1 & 2 inventory. The port and underway components of Virginia’s marine inventory

were assigned to the Residual, In Port and Residual, Underway SCCs, respectively. In counties

where EPA had already reported residual port or underway emissions, s tate

- provided military

marine emissions were added to these existing EPA estimates at the SCC level. Any necessary

pollutant augmentation is described in Table III

- 6.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 47 Table III

- 6. Summary of State Updates to Commercial Marine Category Emissions

State/County SCC SCC Description Pollutants Comments Additional Revisions

South Carolina/

Charleston Cty 2280002100 Category 1&2 Residual

Port All but NH 3 Removed NEI emissions

and added SC supplied

emissions for Charleston

County, SC. NH 3 estimated using PM

- 10 multiplier of

0.00477 (ERG, 2009b)

2280002200 Category 1&2 Residual

Underway All but NH 3 NH 3 estimated using the ratio of 2008 NEI

NH 3 /PM

- 10 emissions for the particular

County/SCC.

2280003100 Category 3 Diesel Port All but NH 3 NH 3 estimated using PM

- 10 multiplier of

0.00477 (ERG, 2009b)

2280003200 Category 3 Diesel

Underway All but NH 3 NH 3 estimated using the ratio of 2008 NEI

NH 3 /PM

- 10 emissions for the particular

County/SCC.

Davidson County,

Tennessee 2280000000 All Commercial Marine All but PM

- 10, PM

25 and NH 3 Removed all CMV NEI

emissions for Davidson

County, TN and added

emissions supplied by the

county. PM

- 10 e stimated using emission factor (EPA,

2008a) and fuel consumption (provided by

Davidson County, TN).

PM

- 25 estimated using PM

- 10 multiplier of

0.92 (EPA, 2008a).

NH 3 estimated using PM

- 10 multiplier of

0.00477 (ERG, 2009b)

Virginia 2280003100 Category 3 Diesel Port All but VOC,

PM

- 25, and NH 3 Added military marine

emissions VOC estimated using HC multiplier of 1.053

(EPA, 2008a).

PM

- 25 estimated using PM

- 10 multiplier of

0.92 (EPA, 2008a).

NH 3 estimated usin g ratio of 2008 NEI

NH 3 /PM

- 10 emissions for the particular

County/SCC.

2280003200 Category 3 Diesel

Underway All but VOC,

PM

- 25, and NH 3 VOC estimated using HC multiplier of 1.053

(EPA, 2008a).

PM

- 25 estimated using PM

- 10 multiplier of

0.92 (EPA, 2008a).

NH 3 e stimated using ratio of 2008 NEI

NH 3 /PM

- 10 emissions for the particular

County/SCC.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 48 

## D. LOCOMOTIVES

Locomotive emissions are reported under the following SCCs:

2285002006

– Diesel Class I Line Haul

2285002007

– Diesel Class II/III Line Haul

2285002008

– Diesel Passenger (Amtrak)

2285002009

– Diesel Commuter

2285002010

– Diesel Switchyard Locomotives

Class I line haul operations typically account for the majorit y of fuel consumed and emissions

when preparing locomotive inventories. As such, resources should be focused on developing

emission estimates for these operations relative to other rail

- related operations. However, for

some local areas, certain operation s related to switchyard activity may also be important.

For Class I line

- haul locomotives, emissions are normally calculated by multiplying the amount

of fuel consumed in the inventory area by pollutant

- specific emission factors. This calculation is

pe rformed for each railroad. The results for each railroad are then summed to obtain the total

Class I railroad emissions in the inventory area.

For Class I line haul, Pechan obtained 2007 emission estimates from the Eastern Regional

Technical Advisory Committee (ERTAC , 2010 a ). ER TAC used the Federal Railroad

Administration’s GIS data to construct a dataset of link

- level million gross tons per mile (MGT).

Next the Railroad Fuel Consumption Index (RFCI) value was calculated for each railroad, which

represents the number of GTM produced per gallon of diesel fuel. When applied to each link’s

GTM per year, link

- based fuel consumption can be calculated. This methodology allows for a

more accurate reflection of how GTM are actually conce ntrated across rail line route miles.

Finally, the fuel consumed is multiplied by the various emission factors derived for each Class I

rail line to determine link

- level emissions for each pollutant. An important aspect is determining

the fraction of loc omotives that fall under each regulatory ―Tier,‖ since each Tier has an

increasingly stringent emission rate for pollutants of concern.

Limitations of the link

- level MGT data maintained by the FRA is that the data are proprietary

and can only be public ally released with the express permission of each Class I railroad. In

addition, when the FRA coded the link

- level MGT data they did not provide a means for

separating out individual MGT contributions for links that are operated by multiple railroad

compa nies. As such, some assumptions were made for these contributions and ERTAC is

working at this time with the Class I rail companies to correctly assign portions of links to the

appropriate railroad.

Class II/III line haul emissions have also been develop ed and distributed by ERTAC (ERTAC,

2010b) . Limited documentation has been developed to describe the procedures used by ERTAC

to develop this inventory. Generally, fuel consumption for all Class II/III railroads was obtained

from the American Shortline a nd Regional Railroad Association and assigned to counties using

route miles by rail line within each county. An average fuel use factor expressed in gallons per

mile was then multiplied by the route miles to estimate fuel consumption by railroad and byPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 49 co unty. Class II/III locomotives were all assumed to be uncontrolled with respect to emission

rates used for estimating pollutant emissions. Class II/III rail emissions represented calendar

year 2008, and as such were back

- cast to 2007 using a surrogate gr owth indicator. A SESARM

regional growth factor of 1.438 was developed using 2007 and 2008 total distillate fuel

sales/deliveries to railroad consumers which were obtained from the DOE Energy Information

Administration State Energy Data (DOE, 2009a).

Fin ally passenger and commuter rail line emissions from EPA’s 2002 NEI were grown to 2007.

For both categories, the growth factor was developed using 2002 and 2007 passenger/commuter

fuel use data obtained from the DOE Transportation Energy Data Book (DOE, 2009b). For

passenger rail operations, the growth factor value was 0.732. For commuter rail operations, a

growth factor of 1.11 was used. Because of the base year of these data, and the top

- down

methodologies used by EPA to estimate these rail category emissions, state s with reported

passenger and commuter rail emissions are encouraged to review and provide updates to this

category if possible.

A switchyard inventory under development by ERTAC is expected to be available for SESARM

by mid

- April 2010. As such, the draft locomotive inventory distributed for SESARM is

currently missing this rail category. Since only 2 state /local agencies develope d switchyard

emissions, their emissions were not included in this version of the inventory, but will be

incorporated once a default railyard inventory is available.

Some state data were provided for the locomotive category. These data are summarized in

T able III

- 7. North Carolina provided a s tatewide passenger rail inventory for 2005 that was

grow n to 2007 using the same surrogate data used to grow 2002 passenger rail emissions.

Davidson County provided a county level inventory comprised of Class I line haul and

switchyard activity, reported under the general SCC 2285000000. Finally, Virginia also

provided a Class I line haul and switchyard inventory for their entire state . Any needed pollutant

augmentation is described in Table III

- 7

.



## E. QA/QC PROCEDU RES

Pechan performed the following quality assurance procedures on the draft 2007 nonroad sector

inventory.

For the NONROAD/NMIM categories, Pechan quality assured all NCD updates provided by

state s to ensure consistency with the NCD formats, and for reasonableness. Where questions

came up, we coordinated with the appropriate s tate /local agency. Cross

- checks were performed

to confirm that state

- supplied revisions were correctly incorporated into t he NCD. Pechan

compared results with 2007 emission estimates prepared by EPA using a prior version of the

NCD. These comparisons were performed to ensure that results changed as expected given the

updates made by specific state s to the NMIM inputs.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 50 Tabl e III

- 7. Summary of State Updates to Locomotive Category Emissions

State SCC SCC Description Pollutants Comments Additional Revisions

North Carolina 2285002008 Line Haul Locomotives:

Passenger Trains (Amtrak) All but NH 3 Replaced NEI passenger

emissions with NC supplied

emissions NH 3 estimated using the

ratio of 2008 NEI NH 3 /PM

25 emissions for the

particular County/SCC.

Davidson County,

Tennessee 2285000000 All Railroad All Fuels All but PM

- 25

and NH 3 Replaced ERTAC rail emissions

with Davidson County supplied

emissions PM

- 25 estimated using

PM

- 10 multiplier of 0.97

(EPA, 2008a).

NH 3 estimated using ratio of

2008 NEI NH 3 /PM

- 25

emissions for the particular

County/SCC.

Virginia 2285002006 Line Haul Locomotives: Class I

Operations All Replaced ERTAC Class I rail

emissions with VA supplied

emissions

2285002010 Yard Locomotives AllPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 51 Pechan compiled records for the SESARM region from EPA’s NEI for aircraft, CMV, and

passenger/commuter rail, and obtained Class I and Class II/III line haul from ERTAC. Pechan

performed and quality assured any needed adjustments to year 2007 (i.e., correc t application of

growth or backcast factors). Cross

- checks were also performed to verify that state

- supplied

emission estimates were correctly incorporated into the draft inventory. Pechan also calculated

missing pollutants for SCC

- level state emission e stimates, where emission factors or emission

ratios were available.

Emission estimates were converted into EPA’s NIF3.0 as a final deliverable. For the NMIM

categories, commercial marine, and locomotive, separate database files were prepared for each

sub sector following EPA’s NIF3.0 nonpoint format. Aircraft emission estimates were prepared

in EPA’s NIF3.0 point source format. EPA’s NIF QA Checker program was then run on these

final files , and any referential integrity issues and invalid codes were iden tified and corrected.

Finally, data source codes as described in Table III

- 8 were added to the NIF3.0 files to represent

the source of the SCC, county

- level emissions data for the draft inventory.

Table III

- 8 Data Source Co des Used for Draft 2007

Nonroa d Mobile Emission Estimates

Code Description

P

- 07

- X Pechan d efault

N

- 02

- G 2002 NEI grown

S

- 07

- X State s upplied

S

- 07

- X

- PS State supplied added to Pechan d efault

S

- 05

- G State supplied 2005 grown

L

- 07

- X Local a gency s uppliedPECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 52 

# IV. EMISSIONS SUMMARIES

This section presents the emission summaries for the April 2010 draft version of the 2007

stationary area and nonroad mobile emissions i nventory for the SESARM region. In addition to

the summaries provided in this section, Pechan has also prov ided SESARM with detailed

county

- level emission summaries in Excel worksheets.



## A. STATIONARY AREA SOUR CE EMISSIONS

Table IV

- 1 provides a summary of draft 2007 SESARM inventory by the four major area source

subsectors. It is important to note that SESARM requested that Pechan include all source

categories in the draft area source inventory. Therefore, for Pechan default inventory SCCs that

have a point source component, the draft inventory estimates reflect total emissions rather than

area source emissio ns. The final inventory will account for the effects of all necessary point

source subtractions. 11



### Table IV

- 2 displays draft area source emission estimates by state, as well as the percent

contribution of each state to total regional emissions. Similar s ummaries providing 2007 annual

state

- level emission estimates for each major area source sector, as well as percent contributions

by state, are shown in Tables IV

- 3 through IV

- 6

.

Table IV

- 1. Draft 2007 SESARM Area Source Emissions by Major Sector

Category Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Combustion 338,139 248,113 204,532 366,563 281,648 684,770 4,173,030

Solvents 806,969 24 4 0 .1

Fugitive Dust 2,437,096 246,689

All Other 4,572 24,853 473,740 366,429 173,546 459,007 576,473

All Nonpoint 342,710 272,966 1,485, 241 3, 170,111 701,887 1,143,778 4,7 49,503

11 Note that the SCC/county

- level emission summaries that are provided in Excel provide a data sou r ce code

extension (

- PT) that iden tifies records that have a point source component.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 53 Table IV

- 2. Draft 2007 Area Source Emission Estimates by State

State Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 35,589 43,411 100,325 430,055 93,618 147,457 1,258,638

Florida 27,714 25,174 307,123 345,789 59,714 84,704 592,078

Georgia 35,102 45,395 177,682 696,745 125,960 117,663 1,252,026

Kentucky 24,451 21,595 92,961 232,546 42,446 70,583 197,837

Mississippi 6,670 15,849 79,197 342,511 56,100 43,622 460,257

North Carolina 77,963 36,213 303,377 285,356 162,502 347,642 170,893

South Carolina 29,837 23,909 96,010 288,822 55,442 107,578 481,995

Tennessee 63,643 30,867 146,653 240,537 46,428 67,458 267,826

Virginia 34,111 23,437 146,688 209,688 42,759 128,226 43,118

West Virginia 7,629 7,115 35,227 98,062 16,917 28,844 24,834

Total SESARM 342,710 272,966 1,485,241 3,170,111 701,887 1,143,778 4,749,503

State Percentage of Regional Total

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 10.4 15.9 6.8 13.6 13.3 12.9 26.5

Florida 8.1 9.2 20.7 10.9 8.5 7.4 12.5

Georgia 10.2 16.6 12.0 22.0 17.9 10.3 26.4

Kentucky 7.1 7.9 6.3 7.3 6.0 6.2 4.2

Mississippi 1.9 5.8 5.3 10.8 8.0 3.8 9.7

North Carolina 22.7 13.3 20.4 9.0 23.2 30.4 3.6

South Carolina 8.7 8.8 6.5 9.1 7.9 9.4 10.1

Tennessee 18.6 11.3 9.9 7.6 6.6 5.9 5.6

Virginia 10.0 8.6 9.9 6.6 6.1 11.2 0.9

West Virginia 2.2 2.6 2.4 3.1 2.4 2.5 0.5

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 54 Table IV

- 3. Draft 2007 Combustion Emission Estimates by State

State Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 35,000 40,113 4,778 57,533 43,096 78,843 1,196,661

Florida 27,543 24,012 6,261 32,246 23,884 60,698 558,654

Georgia 34,771 43,492 7,604 57,626 44,203 93,891 1,167,334

Kentucky 24,111 20,190 5,788 18,555 10,660 46,235 146,176

Mississippi 6,532 15,032 2,315 17,129 14,374 31,177 401,790

North Carolina 76,560 28,089 157,509 107,597 98,857 202,899 2,363

South Carolina 29,689 21,450 3,379 27,046 18,421 40,434 452,175

Tennessee 63,281 29,245 5,492 29,540 14,157 46,612 233,953

Virginia 33,150 19,964 8,683 15,758 10,949 63,614 1,524

West Virginia 7,501 6,527 2,724 3,532 3,047 20,366 12,401

Total SESARM 338,139 248,113 204,532 366,563 281,648 684,770 4,173,030

State Percentage of Regional Total

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 10.4 16.2 2.3 15.7 15.3 11.5 28.7

Florida 8.1 9.7 3.1 8.8 8.5 8.9 13.4

Georgia 10.3 17.5 3.7 15.7 15.7 13.7 28.0

Kentucky 7.1 8.1 2.8 5.1 3.8 6.8 3.5

Mississippi 1.9 6.1 1.1 4.7 5.1 4.6 9.6

North Carolina 22.6 11.3 77.0 29.4 35.1 29.6 0.1

South Carolina 8.8 8.6 1.7 7.4 6.5 5.9 10.8

Tennessee 18.7 11.8 2.7 8.1 5.0 6.8 5.6

Virginia 9.8 8.0 4.2 4.3 3.9 9.3 0.0

West Virginia 2.2 2.6 1.3 1.0 1.1 3.0 0.3

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 55 Table IV

- 4. Draft 2007 Solvent Emission Estimates by State

State Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 58,750

Florida 167,450

Georgia 109,294

Kentucky 58,003 1 1

Mississippi 45,829

North Carolina 116,799 0 .1

South Carolina 52,577

Tennessee 92,963 22 4

Virginia 89,798

West Virginia 15,506

Total SESARM 806,969 24 4 0 .1

State Percentage of Regional Total

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Florida 20.8 0.0 0.0 0.0

Georgia 13.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Kentucky 7.2 5.0 16.5 0.0

Mississippi 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

North Carolina 14.5 0.0 0.0 100.0

South Carolina 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tennessee 11.5 95.0 83.5 0.0

Virginia 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

West Virginia 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 56 Table IV

- 5. Draft 2007 Fugitive Dust Emission Estimates by State

State Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 326,628 32,736

Florida 270,531 22,353

Georgia 580,972 62,152

Kentucky 184,719 19,996

Mississippi 301,748 32,907

North Carolina 124,698 11,834

South Carolina 235,648 23,318

Tennessee 184,689 20,269

Virginia 155,398 14,441

West Virginia 72,065 6,681

Total SESARM 2,437,096 246,689

State Percentage of Regional Total

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 13.4 13.3

Florida 11.1 9.1

Georgia 23.8 25.2

Kentucky 7.6 8.1

Mississippi 12.4 13.3

North Carolina 5.1 4.8

South Carolina 9.7 9.5

Tennessee 7.6 8.2

Virginia 6.4 5.9

West Virginia 3.0 2.7

Total SESARM 100 100PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 57 Table IV

- 6. Draft 2007 All Other Area Source Emission Estimates by State

State Pollutant Emissions, TPY

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 589 3,298 36,797 45,894 17,786 68,615 61,977

Florida 171 1,162 133,411 43,012 13,477 24,006 33,424

Georgia 331 1,903 60,784 58,148 19,605 23,771 84,693

Kentucky 340 1,406 29,170 29,271 11,789 24,347 51,662

Mississippi 138 817 31,052 23,634 8,819 12,445 58,467

North Carolina 1,403 8,124 29,069 53,061 51,812 144,743 168,530

South Carolina 147 2,460 40,054 26,127 13,703 67,144 29,820

Tennessee 362 1,622 48,198 26,284 11,998 20,846 33,873

Virginia 961 3,473 48,207 38,533 17,370 64,613 41,594

West Virginia 128 589 16,997 22,465 7,189 8,478 12,433

Total SESARM 4,572 24,853 473,740 366,429 173,546 459,007 576,473

State Percentage of Regional Total

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM2.5

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 12.9 13.3 7.8 12.5 10.2 14.9 10.8

Florida 3.7 4.7 28.2 11.7 7.8 5.2 5.8

Georgia 7.2 7.7 12.8 15.9 11.3 5.2 14.7

Kentucky 7.4 5.7 6.2 8.0 6.8 5.3 9.0

Mississippi 3.0 3.3 6.6 6.4 5.1 2.7 10.1

North Carolina 30.7 32.7 6.1 14.5 29.9 31.5 29.2

South Carolina 3.2 9.9 8.5 7.1 7.9 14.6 5.2

Tennessee 7.9 6.5 10.2 7.2 6.9 4.5 5.9

Virginia 21.0 14.0 10.2 10.5 10.0 14.1 7.2

West Virginia 2.8 2.4 3.6 6.1 4.1 1.8 2.2

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100



## B. NONROAD MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS

Table IV

- 7 provides a summary of draft 2007 nonroad mobile annual emissions by the four

major nonroad subsectors for the SESARM region. PM

- 10 and PM

- 2.5 emissions represent

primary PM, and are reported as PM10

- PRI, and PM25

- PRI. The commercial marine category is

t he most significant contributor regionally to SO 2 

### emissions. Nonroad model categories account

for the large majority of emissions for NO

x 

### , VOC, PM10

- PRI, PM25

- PRI, and CO. It should be

noted that switchyard emissions are not included in the locomotive ca tegory estimates for this

version of the inventory. As such, locomotive emissions will increase for all pollutants once

these emissions are added to the final inventory.

Table IV

- 8 presents a summary of the draft annual NONROAD model emission estimates by

s tate, as well as th e percent contribution of each s tate to total regional emissions. Similar

summaries providing 2007 annual s tate

- level emission estimates for aircraft, commercial marine,

and locomotives, as well as the percent contributions, are sh o wn in Tables IV

- 9 , IV

- 10 , and

IV

- 1 1

, respectively. Note that an additional table showing pollutant emissions of military

aircraft by s tate is also provided in the electronic Excel summaries.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 58 Table IV

- 7 . Draft 2007 SESARM Nonroad Source Emissions by Major Sector

Category Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM25

- PRI CO NH 3

NONROAD Model 23,308 404,091 630,558 41,489 39,517 4,674,012 449

Aircraft 3,088 32,919 17,941 3,857 2,889 183,647 NA

Commercial Marine 34,016 171,202 4,104 7,950 7,559 29,707 90

Locomotive* 2,875 142,398 7,203 4,611 4,241 19,626 62

All Nonroad 63,286 750,611 659,805 57,907 54,206 4,906,992 599

*The Locomotive category does not include switchyard emissions



### Table IV

- 8 . Draft 2007 NONROAD Model Emission Estimates by State

State Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM25

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 1,483 26,695 49,956 2,806 2,665 316,138 30

Florida 6,714 109,218 193,974 11,543 10,986 1,431,464 134

Georgia 3,079 51,524 69,914 5,315 5,067 629,419 56

Kentucky 1,630 28,665 36,578 2,877 2,749 240,397 28

Mississippi 1,147 20,050 33,760 2,126 2,025 187,258 21

North Carolina 3,111 55,743 76,568 5,434 5,181 597,360 58

South Carolina 1,522 26,742 42,293 2,661 2,534 328,606 29

Tennessee 1,884 36,756 54,089 3,637 3,467 388,496 38

Virginia 2,329 41,169 56,092 4,132 3,937 448,264 45

West Virginia 410 7,529 17,333 957 905 106,610 9

Total SESARM 23,308 404,091 630,558 41,489 39,517 4,674,012 449

State Percentage of Regional Total

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM25

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 6.4 6.6 7.9 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.7

Florida 28.8 27.0 30.8 27.8 27.8 30.6 29.9

Georgia 13.2 12.8 11.1 12.8 12.8 13.5 12.6

Kentucky 7.0 7.1 5.8 6.9 7.0 5.1 6.2

Mississippi 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.1 4.0 4.7

North Carolina 13.3 13.8 12.1 13.1 13.1 12.8 13.0

South Carolina 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.4 7.0 6.6

Tennessee 8.1 9.1 8.6 8.8 8.8 8.3 8.4

Virginia 10.0 10.2 8.9 10.0 10.0 9.6 10.0

West Virginia 1.8 1.9 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 59 Table IV

- 9 . Draft 2007 Aircraft Emission Estimates by State

State Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM25

- PRI CO

Alabama 48 413 891 192 135 10,015

Florida 991 10,734 5,060 982 740 55,189

Georgia 597 5,733 2,277 449 352 25,318

Kentucky 219 2,256 918 200 151 11,350

Mississippi 25 212 665 142 99 7,292

North Carolina 369 3,498 2,470 517 421 22,292

South Carolina 68 584 930 201 143 10,682

Tennessee 352 4,040 1,624 288 224 16,129

Virginia 410 5,396 2,850 831 585 22,489

West Virginia 7 55 257 56 39 2,891

Total SESARM 3,088 32,919 17,941 3,857 2,889 183,647

State Percentage of Regional Total

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM25

- PRI CO

Alabama 1.6 1.3 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.5

Florida 32.1 32.6 28.2 25.5 25.6 30.1

Georgia 19.3 17.4 12.7 11.6 12.2 13.8

Kentucky 7.1 6.9 5.1 5.2 5.2 6.2

Mississippi 0.8 0.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 4.0

North Carolina 12.0 10.6 13.8 13.4 14.6 12.1

South Carolina 2.2 1.8 5.2 5.2 4.9 5.8

Tennessee 11.4 12.3 9.0 7.5 7.8 8.8

Virginia 13.3 16.4 15.9 21.6 20.3 12.2

West Virginia 0.2 0.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 60 Table IV

- 10 . Draft 2007 Commercial Marine Vessel Emission Estimates by State

State Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM25

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 1,739 18,554 411 726 699 3,723 8

Florida 18,146 48,271 1,261 2,971 2,778 7,014 29

Georgia 2,044 10,582 257 476 456 1,845 5

Kentucky 1,015 15,726 338 576 558 3,009 11

Mississippi 1,784 18,119 401 710 683 3,368 10

North Carolina 1,846 4,233 109 222 209 670 2

South Carolina 1,289 1,946 109 138 123 220 1

Tennessee 636 9,833 220 359 349 1,890 5

Virginia 4,096 21,954 525 967 923 3,762 10

West Virginia 1,420 21,985 472 805 780 4,207 10

Total SESARM 34,016 171,202 4,104 7,950 7,559 29,707 90

State Percentage of Regional Total

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM25

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 5.1 10.8 10.0 9.1 9.3 12.5 9.0

Florida 53.3 28.2 30.7 37.4 36.8 23.6 31.9

Georgia 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.2 5.0

Kentucky 3.0 9.2 8.2 7.2 7.4 10.1 12.1

Mississippi 5.2 10.6 9.8 8.9 9.0 11.3 10.8

North Carolina 5.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.3

South Carolina 3.8 1.1 2.6 1.7 1.6 0.7 0.9

Tennessee 1.9 5.7 5.4 4.5 4.6 6.4 6.0

Virginia 12.0 12.8 12.8 12.2 12.2 12.7 11.1

West Virginia 4.2 12.8 11.5 10.1 10.3 14.2 10.9

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 61 Table IV

- 1 1 . Draft 2007 Locomotive Emission Estimates by State *

State Pollutant Emissions, tons per year

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM25

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 185 16,603 878 559 514 2,379 7

Florida 165 10,463 509 322 298 1,360 4

Georgia 237 22,338 1,176 748 688 3,182 10

Kentucky 166 15,909 823 524 482 2,243 7

Mississippi 126 9,410 453 289 265 1,232 4

North Carolina 130 10,487 539 344 317 1,484 5

South Carolina 95 8,444 441 280 258 1,198 4

Tennessee 200 16,630 890 560 516 2,410 7

Virginia 1,363 19,624 858 579 530 2,414 8

West Virginia 208 12,488 636 406 373 1,725 6

Total SESARM 2,875 142,398 7,203 4,611 4,241 19,626 62

*Locomotive inventory does not include switchyard emissions

State Percentage of Regional Total

SO 2 NO

x VOC PM10

- PRI PM25

- PRI CO NH 3

Alabama 6.4 11.7 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1

Florida 5.7 7.3 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.8

Georgia 8.2 15.7 16.3 16.2 16.2 16.2 16.2

Kentucky 5.8 11.2 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4

Mississippi 4.4 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3

North Carolina 4.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.5

South Carolina 3.3 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1

Tennessee 7.0 11.7 12.4 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.2

Virginia 47.4 13.8 11.9 12.6 12.5 12.3 12.3

West Virginia 7.2 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 9.1

Total SESARM 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 62 

# V. REFERENCES

ACE, 2010. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Navigation Data Center, U.S. Waterways Data,

Principal Port commodity tonnage for 2005 and 2007, available at

http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/ndc/db/pport /dbf , accessed on January 2010.

Census, 2009a: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006 County Business Patterns , U.S. Department of

Commerce, accessed from http://www.census.gov/epcd/cbp/index.html , March 2009.

Census, 2009b: U.S. Census Bureau, 200 6 Census of Governments , U.S. Department of

Commerce, accessed from http://www.census.gov/govs/apes/historical_data_2006.html

, April 2009.

DOE, 2009a. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, ― Petroleum

Navigator

- Total Distillate Sales/Deliveries to Railroad Consumers (Thousand Gallons),"

http:// tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_821dst_dcu_nus_a.htm , December 2009.

DOE, 2009b

. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,

― Transportation Energy Data Book: Tables A.13 and A.15,

http://cta.ornl.gov/data/appendix_a.shtml , 2009.

EIA, 2008a

. Energy Information Administration, ―Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by

Destination State, Consumer, Origin and Method of Transportation, 2007,‖ U.S.

Department of Energy, available from

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/coaldistrib/2007/d_07state.pdf , issued December

2008.

EIA, 2008b: Energy Information Administration, ―Quarterly Coal Report, October

– December

2007,‖ DOE/EIA

- 0121 (2007/04Q), U.S. Department of Ener gy, available from

http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/coal/qcr/0121074q.pdf , issued March 2008.

EIA, 2008c: Energy Information Administration, ―Domestic Distribution of U.S. Coal by Origin

State, Consumer, Destination and Method of Transportation, 2007,‖ U.S. Department of

Energy, available from

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/coaldistrib/2007/o_07sta te.pdf , issued December

2008.

EIA, 2009a

. Energy Information Administration, ―State Energy Data System (SEDS):

Consumption, Price, and Expenditure Estimates,‖ U.S. Department of Energy, accessed

from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_seds.html

, accessed December 20 09

.

EIA, 2009b

. Energy Information Administration, ―Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales,‖ U.S.

Department of Energy, accessed from

http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_s

ales/historical/2002/foks_2002.html

, accessed December 2009.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 63 EIA, 2009 c

. Energy Information Administration, ―2006 Energy Consumption by

Manufacturers Data Tables,‖ 2006 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey , U.S.

Department of Energy, accessed from

htt p://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs/mecs2006/2006tables.html , issued June 2009.

EIA, 2009d. Energy Information Administration, ― Annual Energy Outlook 2010 Early Release

Overview ,‖ Department of Energy, accessed from

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/index.html , released December 2009.

EPA, 2003a

. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ―Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis:

Control of Emissions from Nonroad Diesel Engines,‖ EPA420

- R

- 03

- 008, Office of

Transport ation and Air Quality, April 2003.

EPA, 2003b: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, AP 42, Compilation of Air Pollutant

Emission Factors, Fifth Edition , ―Volume I, Chapter 1: External Combustion Sources,

Section 1.6

- Wood Residue in Combustion Boilers,‖ accessed from

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/final/c01s06.pdf , September 200 3.

EPA, 200 8 a

. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , ― Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of

Emissions of Air Pollution from Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression Ignition

Engines Less than 30 Liters Per Cylinder ,‖ EPA420

- R

- 08

- 001a

, Assessment and Standards

Division

, Office of Transportation and Air Quality

, May 2008

EPA, 2008 b

. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ― Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of

Emissions of Air Pollution from Category 3 Marine Diesel Engines, Chapter 3 Emission

Inventor y, ‖ EPA

- 420

- R

- 09

- 019, Assessment and Standards Division Office of

Transportation and Air

, December 2008

.

EPA, 2010

. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EGAS Version 5.0, available for download

from ht tp://www.epa.gov/ttnecas1/egas5.htm , accessed March 2010.

ERG , 2009 a

. E astern Research Gr oup

, ― Documentation for Aircraft Component of the National

Emissions Inventory Methodology ,‖ prepared under subcontract to E.H. Pechan and

Associates, Inc. for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Emissions, Monitoring and

Analysis Division

, December 15, 2009.

ERG , 2009 b

. Eastern Research Group , ―Documentation for Commercial Marine Vessel

Component of the National Emissions Inventory Methodology,‖ prepared under

su bcontract to E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. for U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency, Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division

, December 15, 2009.

ER TAC

, 2010a

. Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee, 2007 Class I line haul

emissions

, transmitted in file ―EmissionsByCounty_Round6.xls‖ in email entitled

―ERTAC update/ Class I emi ssions,‖ from M. Bergin, ERTAC to K. Thesing, E.H. Pechan

& Associates, Inc., March 23, 2010.PECHAN April 2010

Draft Report 

### 64 ERTAC, 2010b

. Eastern Regional Technical Advisory Committee, 2008 Class II/III line haul

Emissions, transmitted in file ―ClassII_III_v4.xls‖ in email entitled ―Class II/III

S preadsheet with Reporting Marks

, ‖ from M. Janssen , LADCO to ERTAC distribution list,

March 1 , 2010.

FAA, 2010. Federal Aviation Administration, ― 2007 and 2008 LTO operations by SESARM

State,‖ obtained from Air Traffic Activity System,

http://aspm.faa.gov/opsnet/sys/Main.asp?force=atads , February 2010.

Huntley, 2009

. Huntley, Roy, U .S. Environmental Protection Agency, ―SCCs & emission

factors to be used in 2008 NEI to Bollman May 1 2009.mdb [ electronic file ],‖ May 1,

2009.

Lorenz, 2009

. Lorenz, Thomas, Energy Information Administration, personal communication

with Jonathan Dorn, E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., September 29, 2009

.

Pechan, 2004: E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc. ―Estimating Ammonia Emissions from

Anthropogenic Nonagricultural Sources

- Draft Final Report,‖ prepared for the Emission

Inventory Improvement Program, April 2004.

Pechan, 2009a. E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. , ― Non

- Road a nd Area Source Base Year a nd

Future Year Emissions Inventories Technical Memorandum #1: Base Year Inventory

– Summary of 2008 NEI Efforts ,‖ prepared for Southeastern States Air Resource M anagers,

Inc. , September 14, 2009.

Pechan, 2009b. E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. , ― Evaluation of ICI Combustion Coal Sulfur

Content, Technical Memorandum,‖ prepared for Central Air Planning Association,

March 28, 2009.

Pechan, 2009c. E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc. , ― Area Source Base Year a nd Future Year

Emissions Inventories Technical Memorandum #2: Planned Refinements To Base Year

Inventory Data ,‖ prepared for Southeastern States Air Resource Managers, Inc.

, December 6, 2009.

Pechan, 2009 d

. E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc.

, ―Instructions To SESARM States For

Updating EPA’s National Mobile Inventory Model 2007 County

- Level Database,

Technical Memorandum,‖ p repared for SESARM, September 18, 2009.

### ERG No.: 0245.02.302.001

Contract No.: EP-D-07-097



## Documentation for Aircraft Component of the National Emissions Inventory

Methodology

Prepared by:

Eastern Research Group

1600 Perimeter Park Drive

Morrisville, North Carolina 27560

Under Contract to:

E.H. Pechan & Associates, Inc.

3622 Lyckan Parkway

Suite 2002

Durham, North Carolina 27707

For Submittal to:

Laurel Driver

Emissions, Monitoring and Analysis Division

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711

December 15, 2009

### TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page No.

1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 What is the Nationa l Emission Inventory? .......................................................... 1-1

1.2 Why Did the EPA Create the NEI?...................................................................... 1-1

1.3 How is the EPA Going to Use This Version of the NEI? ....................................1-1

1.4 Report Organization ............................................................................................. 1-2

2.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT COMPONENT FOR THE NEI .....................2-1

2.1 How does this aircraft study fit into the NEI? ..................................................... 2-1

2.2 What are Aircraft Sources? ................................................................................ 2-10

2.3 What Pollutants are Included in the National Emission Estimates

for Aircraft? ....................................................................................................... 2-10

2.4 How Were the Aircraft Emissions Estimated? .................................................. 2-11

2.5 How Were Emissions Allocated? ...................................................................... 2-16

2.6 QA/QC ............................................................................................................... 2-16

2.7 What are the Results? ......................................................................................... 2-16

2.8 Aircraft References ............................................................................................ 2-19

Appendix A – Generic Airc raft Emission Factors

Appendix B – Calculating Aviation Gasolin e Lead Emissions in the Draft 2008 NEI

Appendix C – Lead Emissions from the use of L eaded Aviation Gasoline in the United States

i

### LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Tables Page No.

Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for ....................................... 2-2

Nonroad Mobile Sources ......................................................................................................... ....2-2

Table 2-2. Aircraft Pollutant List............................................................................................. ..2-11

Table 2-3. National-Scale GSE Engine Distribution ................................................................. 2-13

Table 2-3. Aircraft Criteria Emissi on Estimates 2008 (tons per year) ...................................... 2-17

Table 2-4. Aircraft HAP Emission Estimates 2008 (tons per year............................................ 2-17

Figures Page No.

Figure 2-1. Procedures for Estimating Emissi ons from Commercial Air Carriers.................... 2-15

Figure 2-2. Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Commercial Ai r Taxis and General

Aviation....................................................................................................................... ...............2-15

ii

## 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 What is the National Emission Inventory?

The National Emission Inventory (NEI) is a comprehensive i nventory covering all

anthropogenic sources of criteria pollutants and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) for all areas of

the United States. The NEI was created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s

Emission Inventory and Analysis Group (EIAG) in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The

NEI will be used to support air quality modeli ng and other activities. To this end, the EPA

established a goal to compile comprehensive emissi ons data in the NEI for criteria and HAPs for

mobile, point, and nonpoint sources. This report presents an overview of how emission estimates

for the aircraft component of the NEI were compiled.

1.2 Why Did the EPA Create the NEI?

The Clean Air Act (CAA), as amended in 1990, includes mandates for the EPA related to

criteria and hazardous air polluta nts. The CAA defines criteria pollutants as being one of the

following air pollutants:

• Carbon monoxide (CO);

• Sulfur oxides (SO

x 

### );

• Nitrogen oxides (NO

x 

### );

• Ozone; and

• Particulate matter (PM).

Hazardous air pollutants are also delineated in the CAA, see

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/188polls.html for a complete list of re gulated pollutants and their

chemical abstract service [CAS] numbers.

The CAA requires the EPA to identify emi ssion sources of these pollutants, quantify

emissions, develop regulations for the identified source categories, and assess the public health

and environmental impacts after th e regulations are put into effect . The NEI is a tool that EPA

can use to meet the CAA mandates. In this re port, criteria and HAP emission estimates are

discussed for aircraft sources.

1.3 How is the EPA Going to Use This Version of the NEI?

It is anticipated that the emission inventory developed from this effort will have multiple

end uses. The data have been formatted according to protocols established for the EPA’s NEI

submittals. The common data structure on which the NEI platform is based will allow the NEI

emission data to be transferred to multiple end-users for a variety of purposes.

1-1

### The criteria and HAP emission estimates devel oped for the NEI will be used to evaluate

air pollution trends, air quality modeling anal ysis, and impacts of potential regulations.

1.4 Report Organization

Following this introduction, Section 2.0 provide s information on how the national aircraft

emission estimates were develope d. This inventory effort was c oordinated by the EPA’s Office

of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) and EI AG. The appendix were created to provide the

supporting references from OTAQ.

1-2

## 2.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE AIRC RAFT COMPONENT FOR THE

NEI

2.1 How does this aircraft study fit into the NEI?

The NEI was developed to include all point, nonpoint (sometimes referenced as "area"),

and mobile sources. The approaches used in the point and nonpoint s ource categories are

documented in other reports. Table 2-1 summarizes the approaches used to estimate emissions

from all nonroad sources included in the NEI pr ogram. Those source categories and years that

are included in this report are noted in bold.

The scope of this inventory component of the NEI was to compile criteria and HAP

emissions data for aircraft operating in United Stat es air space. In this effort, national emission

estimates were often developed as point sources for each airport. The methodologies used to

estimate emissions are discussed in this report.

The target inventory area includes every st ate in the United States and every county

within a state. There are no boundary limitations pertaining to traditional criteria pollutant

nonattainment areas or to designate d urban areas. The pollutants inve ntoried included all criteria

pollutants (and the 188 HAPs identified in Section 112(b) of the CAA

In addition to numerous specific chem ical compounds, the list of 188 HAPs includes

several compound groups [e.g., individual metals and their compounds, polycyclic organic

matter (POM)]; the NEI includes emission esti mates for the individual compounds wherever

possible. Many of the uses of the NEI depend up on data (e.g., toxicity) for individual compounds

within these groups rather than aggregat ed data on each group as a whole.

The intent in presenting the following em ission inventory approach is to provide

sufficient and transparent documentation such th at states and local agencies can use these

approaches, in conjunction with th eir specific local activity data to develop more accurate and

comparable emission estimates in future submittals.

2-1

### Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for

Nonroad Mobile Sources

(Categories included in this repo rt are noted in bold print)

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

N

ONROAD Cate g ories

N onroad

Gasoline,

Diesel, LPG,

CNG 2002 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### , N H 3 

### , & HAPs Emission estimates for NONROAD model

engines were developed using EPA’s National

Mobile Inventory Model (NMIM), which

incorporates NONROAD2004. Where states

provided alternate nonroa d inputs, these data

replaced EPA default inputs. State-supplied

emissions data also replaced default EPA

emission estimates.

1999 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Using emission estimates from two emission

inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level

inventory, developed using EPA’s October

2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) an

updated 1999 national inventory, based on

EPA’s draft Lockdown C NONROAD model

(dated May 2002). Using the 1996 county-level

emission estimates, seasonal and daily countyto-national ratios were then developed for

application to updated national estimates per

season estimated from the Lockdown C model.

Replaced State-submitted data for California for

all NONROAD model categories; Pennsylvania

for recreational marine and aircraft ground

support equipment, and Texas for select

equipment categories.

1996, 1997,

1998, 2000

& 2001 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Using emission estimates from two emission

inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level

inventory, developed using EPA’s October

2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) updated

year-specific national and California

inventories, based on EPA’s draft Lockdown C

N ONROAD model (dated May 2002). Using

the 1996 county-level emission estimates,

seasonal and daily county -to-national ratios and

California county-to-state ratios were then

developed for application to updated national

estimates per season estimated from the

Lockdown C model. Calif ornia results replace

the diesel equipment emissions generated from

prior application of c ounty-to-national ratios.

2-2

### Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this repo rt are noted in bold print)

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

N onroad

Gasoline,

Diesel, LPG,

and CNG

(Continued) 1991-1995 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### , N H 3 

### Using 1990 and 1996 county-level emissions

inventories, estimated emissions using linear

interpolation of national emissions between

1990 and 1996. From these emissions,

calculated the average annual growth rate for

each pollutant/SCC combination for each year,

and then applied the growth factors to 1990

county-level emissions to estimate 1991-1995

emissions.

1990 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Using emission estimates from two emission

inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level

inventory, developed using EPA’s October

2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) updated

1990 national inventory, based on EPA’s draft

Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May

2002). Using the 1996 county-level emission

estimates, seasonal and daily county-to-national

ratios were then developed for application to

updated national estimates per season estimated

from the Lockdown C model.

1986, 1988,

& 1989 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### , N H 3 

### Using 1985 and 1990 county-level emissions

inventories, estimated emissions using linear

interpolation of national emissions between

1985 and 1990. From these emissions,

calculated the average annual growth rate for

each pollutant/SCC combination for each year,

and then applied the growth factors to 1985

county-level emissions to estimate 1986-1989

emissions.

1987 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Using EPA’s draft Lockdown C NONROAD

model (dated May 2002), developed updated

national emissions for 1987 by running 4

seasonal NONROAD model runs to estimate

annual criteria pollutant emissions. Also

performed national NONROAD model runs to

estimate typical summer weekday emissions.

2-3

### Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this repo rt are noted in bold print)

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

N onroad

Gasoline,

Diesel, LPG,

and CNG

(Continued) 1985 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Using emission estimates from two emission

inventories including: 1) a 1996 county-level

inventory, developed using EPA’s October

2001 draft NONROAD model; and 2) updated

1985 national inventory, based on EPA’s draft

Lockdown C NONROAD model (dated May

2002). Using the 1996 county-level emission

estimates, seasonal and daily county-to-national

ratios were then developed for application to

updated national estimates per season estimated

from the Lockdown C model.

1970, 1975,

1978, &

1980 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Using EPA’s draft Lockdown C NONROAD

model (dated May 2002), developed updated

national emissions for all years by running 4

seasonal NONROAD model runs to estimate

annual criteria pollutant emissions. Also

performed national NONROAD model runs to

estimate typical summer weekday emissions.

1996, 1997,

1998, 1999,

2000, &

2001 N H 3 

### Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates

from the Lockdown C NONROAD model,

multiplying by NH 3 

### emission factors, and

distributing to countie s using 1996 inventory,

based on October 2001 draft NONROAD. NH 3


### emissions for California were also recalculated

using updated diesel fuel consumption values

generated for Californi a-specific runs, and

assuming the 1996 county-level distribution.

1985 & 1990 N H 3 

### Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates

from the Lockdown C NONROAD model,

multiplying by NH 3 

### emission factors, and

distributing to countie s using 1996 inventory,

based on October 2001 draft NONROAD.

1987 N H 3 

### Obtaining 1987 national fuel consumption

estimates from Lockdown C NONROAD model

and multiplying by NH 3 

### emission factors.

2-4

### Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this repo rt are noted in bold print)

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

N onroad

Gasoline,

Diesel, LPG,

and CNG

(Continued) 1970, 1975,

1978, &

1980 N H 3 

### Obtaining national fuel consumption estimates

from the Lockdown C NONROAD model and

multiplying by NH 3 

### emission factors.

1990, 1996,

& 1999 HAPs Speciation profiles applied to county VOC and

PM estimates. Metal HAPs were calculated

using fuel and activity-bas ed emission factors.

Some state data were provided and replaced

national estimates. (2003)

A ircra ft

Commercial

Aircraft 2008 Criteria and

HAPs Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Emissions and Dispersion and Modeling

System (EDMS) - Version 5.1.was run using

BTS T-100 LTO data. (2009)

2002 Criteria and HAPs Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Emissions and Dispersion and Modeling Syste m (EDMS) was run for criteria pollutants, VOC

and PM emissions were speciated into HAP

components. (2004)

1990, 1996,

1999, 2000,

2001 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO

x 

### Input landing and take-off (LTO) data into FAA

EDMS. National emissions were assigned to

airports based on airpor t specific LTO data and

BTS GIS data. State data replaced national

estimates. (2003)

1970-1998 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO

x 

### Estimated emissions for interim years using

linear interpolation be tween available base

years. (2003)

1990, 1996,

1999 HAPs Speciation profiles were applied to VOC

estimates to get national HAP estimates. State

data replaced national estimates. (2003)

General

Aviation, Air

Taxis 2008 Criteria and

HAPs Used FAA LTO data from TAF and OTAQ

provided activity data for smaller airports

derived from FAA 5010 master plans. EPA

approved generic emission factors for

criteria estimates. Speciation profiles were

applied to VOC and PM estimates to get

national HAP estimates. (2009)

2-5

### Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this repo rt are noted in bold print)

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

General

Aviation, Air

Taxis

(Continued) 1978, 1987,

1990, 1996,

1999, 2000,

2001, &

2002 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved

emission factors for criteria estimates.

Speciation profiles were applied to VOC

estimates to get national HAP estimates. State

data replaced national estimates. (2004)

1970-1998 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO

x 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Estimated emissions for interim years using

linear interpolation be tween available base

years. (2003)

1990, 1996,

1999, &

2002 HAPs Used FAA LTO data and EPA approved

emission factors for criteria estimates.

Speciation profiles were applied to VOC

estimates to develop national HAP estimates.

(2004)

1990, 1996,

1999, &

2002 Pb Used Department of Energy (DOE) aviation

gasoline usage data with lead concentration of

aviation gasoline. (2004)

1996 N H 3 

### Applied NH 3 

### emissions factors to 1996 national

j et fuel and aviation gasoline consumption

estimates.

Military

Aircraft 1978, 1987,

1990, 1996,

1999, 2000,

2001, 2002,

2008 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Used FAA LTO data as reported in TAF and

EPA approved emission factors for criteria

estimates. Representative HAP profiles were

not readily available, therefore HAP

estimates were not developed. (2009)

1970-1998 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO X 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Estimated emissions for interim years using

linear interpolation be tween available base

years. (2003)

Auxiliary

Power Units

and Ground

Support

Equipment 2008 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### , HAPs Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Emissions and Dispersion and Modeling

System (EDMS) - Version 5.1.was run using

BTS T-100 LTO data. (2009)

1985-2001 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Grew 1996 emissions to each year using LTO

operations data from the FAA. Estimation

methods prior to 1996 reported in EPA, 1998.

Unpaved

Airstrips 1 

### 1985-2001 PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Grew 1996 emissions to each year using SIC

45-Air Transportation growth factors, consistent

with the current draf t version of EGAS.

Estimation methods prior to 1996 reported in

EPA, 1998.

2-6

### Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this repo rt are noted in bold print)

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

Aircraft

Refueling 1 

### 1985-2001 VOC Grew 1996 emissions to each year using SIC

45-Air Transportation growth factors, consistent

with the current draf t version of EGAS.

Estimation methods prior to 1996 reported in

EPA, 1998.

Commercial Marine Vessel (CMV)

All CMV

Categories 2008 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### 2002 estimates were adjusted by OTAQ to

reflect 2008 activity levels ., note that the SCCs

for this category have changed such that the

Diesel category refers to smaller vessels

(Category 1 and 2) using distillate fuels and the

Residual category refers to larger (Category 3)

vessel using a blend of residual fuels (2009)

2008 HAPs OTAQ’s 2008 estimates were speciated into

HAP components using SEPA profiles

2002 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### 2001 Estimates carried over. Used state data

when provided. (2004)

HAPs 1999 Estimates carried over. Used state data

when provided. (2004)

CMV Diesel 1978, 1987,

1990, 1996,

1999, 2000,

& 2001 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO

x 

### , PM 10 

### , &

PM 2.5 

### Used criteria emission estimates in the

background document for marine diesel

regulations for 2000. Adjusted 2000 criteria

emission estimates for other used based on fuel

usage. Emissions were disaggregated into port

traffic and underway activities. Port emissions

were assigned to specific ports based on amount

of cargo handled. Underway emissions were

allocated based on Army Corp of Engineering

waterway data. State data replaced national

estimates. (2003)

1970-1998 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO

x 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Estimated emissions for interim years using

linear interpolation between available base

years. (2003)

1990, 1996,

1999 HAPs VOC and PM emission estimates were

speciated into HAP components. State data

replaced national estimates. (2003)

1996 N H 3 

### Applied NH 3 

### emissions factors to 1996

distillate and residual fuel oil estimates (i.e., as

reported in EIA, 1996).

2-7

### Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this repo rt are noted in bold print)

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

CMV Diesel 1990-1995 N H 3 

### Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998.

CMV Steam

Powered 1978, 1987,

1990, 1996,

1999, 2000,

& 2001 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO

x 

### , PM 10 

### , &

PM 2.5 

### Calculated criteria emi ssions based on EPA SIP

guidance. Emissions were disaggregated into port

traffic and under way activities. Port emissions

were assigned to specific ports based on amount

of cargo handled. Underway emissions were

allocated based on Army Corp of Engineering

waterway data. State data replaced national

estimates. (2003)

1970-1998 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO

x 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Estimated emissions for interim years using

linear interpolation between available base years.

(2003)

1990, 1996,

& 1999 HAPs VOC and PM emission estimates were speciated

into HAP components. State data replaced

national estimates. (2003)

Military Marine 1997-2001 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Applied EGAS growth factors to 1996 emissions

estimates for this category.

CMV Coal, 2



### CMV, Steam

p owered, CMV

Gasoline 2 

### 1997-1998 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Applied EGAS growth factors to 1996 emissions

estimates for this category.

CM Coal,

CMV, Steam

p owere d , CMV

Gasoline,

Military Marine 1991-1995 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO 2 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998.

L ocomotives

Class I, Class

II, Commuter,

Passenger, and

Yard

Locomotives 1978, 1987,

1990, 1996,

1999, 2000,

2000, &

2002 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Criteria pollutants were estimated by using

locomotive fuel use data from DOE EIA and

available emission factors. County-level

estimates were obtained by scaling the national

estimates with the rail GIS data from DOT. State

data replaced national estimates. (2004)

1978, 1987,

1990, 1996,

1999, 2000,

2001, &

2002 SO 2 

### SO

x 

### emissions were calculated by using

locomotive fuel use and fuel sulfur concentration

data from EIA. County-level estimates were

obtained by scaling the na tional estimates with

the county level rail activity data from DOT.

State data replaced national estimates. (2004)

2-8

### Table 2-1. Methods Used to Develop Annual Emission Estimates for

Nonroad Mobile Sources (Continued)

(Categories included in this repo rt are noted in bold print)

Category Base Year Pollutant(s) Estimation Method*

1970-1998 VOC, NO

x 

### , CO,

SO

x 

### , PM 10 

### , PM 2.5 

### Estimated emissions for interim years using

linear interpolation between available base

years. (2003)

1990, 1996,

1999, &

2002 HAPs HAP emissions were calculated by applying

speciation profiles to VOC and PM estimates.

County-level estimates were obtained by

scaling the national estimates with the county

level rail activity from DOT. State data replaced

national estimates. (2004)

1997-1998 NH 3 

### Grew 1996 base year emissions using EGAS

growth indicators.

1996 NH 3 

### Applied NH 3 

### emissions factors to diesel

consumption estimates for 1996.

1990-1995 NH 3 

### Estimation methods reported in EPA, 1998.

Notes:

* Dates included at the end of Estimation Method represent the year that the section was revised.

1 Emission estimates for unpaved airstrips and airc raft refueling are included in the area source NEI,

since they represent non-engine emissions.

2 National Emission estimates for CMV Coal and CM V Gasoline were not developed though states and

local agencies may have submitted estimates for these source categories.

EPA, 1998. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,

Emission Factors and Inventory Group, Nationa l Air Pollutant Emission Trends, Procedures

Document, 1900–1996, EPA-454/R-98-008. May 1998.



### 2-9

### 2.2 What are Aircraft Sources?

The aircraft source category includes all ai rcraft types used for public, private, and

military purposes. This includes four types of aircraft (EPA, 1992): 1) Commercial; 2) Air Taxis;

3) General Aviation; and 4) Military.

Commercial aircraft include those used fo r transporting passengers, freight, or both.

Commercial aircraft tend to be larger aircraft powered with jet engines. Air Taxis (AT) carry

passengers, freight, or both, but us ually are smaller aircraft and operate on a more limited basis

than the commercial carriers. General Aviation (GA) includes most other aircraft used for

recreational flying and personal tr ansportation. Aircraft that su pport business travel, usually on

an unscheduled basis, are included in the category of general aviation.

The national AT and GA fleet includes both je t and propeller-driven aircraft. Most of the

AT and GA fleet are made up of propeller driven aircra ft, though smaller business jets can also

be found in these categories. According to a 2005 Federal Aviation Administration GA and AT

Activity Survey, 72% of all GA and AT activity are powered by propeller -driven aircraft and

28% are jet (or turbine) driven (FAA, 2005). EP A has used this estimate as a national-scale

default value in recently published studies inves tigating lead emissions from aviation sources

(EPA, 2008). The propeller driven aircraft tend to have higher VOC, PM, and CO emissions and

lower NO X 

### emissions than larger jet-powered aircraft (EPA, 1992). Military aircraft cover a wide

range of aircraft types such as training aircraft , fighter jets, helicopters , and jet- and propellerdriven cargo planes of varying sizes.

It should be noted that this inventory effort also include s criteria and Hazardous Air

Pollutants (HAP) emission estimates for aircraft Auxiliary Power Units (APU) and aircraft

Ground Support Equipment (GSE) typical ly found at airports, such as aircraft refueling vehicles,

baggage handling vehicles, and equipment, ai rcraft towing vehicles, and passenger buses.

2.3 What Pollutants are Included in the Nati onal Emission Estimates for Aircraft?

Emissions estimates were developed for all cr iteria pollutants includ ing volatile organic

compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides (NO

x 

### ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SO

x 

### ),

particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM 10 

### ), particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5 

### )

and hazardous air pollutants (HAP) (Cook, 1997; Cook, 1998; EPA/FAA, 2009). The HAPs that

are included in the national aircraft inventory ar e shown in Table 2-2 and are based on available

test data and accepted emission estimation procedures.

2-10

### Table 2-2. Aircraft Pollutant List

1,3-Butadiene Carbon Dioxide Naphthalene

1-Methylnaphthalene* Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxides

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Chrysene* O-xylene*

2-Methylnaphthalene* Cumene* Phenanthrene*

Acenaphthene* Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene* Phenol

Acenaphthylene* Ethyl Benzene PM 10 

### Primary

Acetaldehyde Fluoranthene* PM 2.5 

### Primary

Acrolein Fluorene* Propionaldehyde

Anthracene* Formaldehyde Pyrene*

Benz[a]Anthracene* Hexane* Styrene

Benzene Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene* Sulfur Dioxide

Benzo[a]Pyrene* Lead Toluene

Benzo[b]Fluoranthene* Methane* VOCs

Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene* Methanol* Xylene

Benzo[k]Fluoranthene* M-xylene*

* Added to 2008 Inventory

2.4 How Were the Aircraft Emissions Estimated?

EPA has developed guidance for inventorying aircraft emissions associated with an

aircraft’s landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle. The cycle begins when the aircraft approaches the

airport on its descent from cruisi ng altitude, lands, taxis to th e gate, and idles during passenger

deplaning. It continues as the aircraft idles during passenger boarding, taxis back out onto the

runway for subsequent takeoff, and ascent (climbout ) to cruising altitude. T hus, the five specific

operating modes in an LTO are (EPA, 1992): 1) A pproach; 2) Taxi/idle-in; 3) Taxi/idle-out;

4) Takeoff; and 5) Climbout.

The LTO cycle provides a basis for calcula ting aircraft emissions. During each mode of

operation, an aircraft engine operates at a fairly standard power setting for a given aircraft

category. Emissions for one complete cycle ar e calculated using emission factors for each

operating mode for each specific aircraft engine combined with the typical period of time the

aircraft is in the operating mode.

On March 20, 2009, the EPA posted preliminar y LTO data intended to be will use to

calculate emissions for review prio r to developing the aircraft i nventory. State and local agencies

2-11

### were encouraged to review the materials posted at ftp://ftp.epa.gov/EmisInventory/2008_nei/ and

provide comments on any necessary corrections to:

- Airport names and locations for approxima tely 20,000 airports to be included in the

Emission Inventory System (EIS) facility inventory;

- Landing and Takeoff (LTO) information that will be used to estimate

emissions for each airport;

- Aircraft/engine combinations to link to FAA LTO data including default

assumptions and AircraftEngineCodeTypes for EIS submittals; and

- Lead estimates and lead estimation methodology.

This preliminary review by state, local, and tribal groups of the data that EPA will be

using to calculate those emissions will improve EPA's work and may alleviate the need for

agencies to perform further estimation for th is category themselves. EPA received comments

from four states (i.e., Minnesota Pollution C ontrol Agency - Environmental Analysis and

Outcomes Division; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; Bureau of Air

Management, Connecticut Department of Enviro nmental Protection; and Wisconsin Department

of Natural Resources) and thr ee local agencies (i.e., Meckle nburg County North Carolina;

Ventura County California Air Pollution Control District; and - Regiona l Air Pollution Control

Agency (Dayton and Montgomery County Ohio)).

Criteria emission estimates are presented here for four different aircraft types:

commercial air carrier, air taxis, general avia tion, and military. HAP emission estimates were

developed for all aircraft types.

Emissions for commercial air carriers were ca lculated differently than the other three

aircraft categories (See Figure 2- 1). Criteria and HAP emissions we re estimated for commercial

aircraft by processing aircraft make and model (e.g., Boeing 747-200 series) specific activity

data from FAA’s Form 41, Schedules T100 and T100(f) Air Carrier Data in FAA’s Emissions

and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS), Version 5.1 (DOT, 2008). Emissions were calculated

for each airport individually using airport specific mixing height. The national-scale default

values for taxi in and out are seven and ninete en minutes, respectfully. It should be noted that

EDMS incorporates the latest aircraft engine emission factors from the International Civil

Aviation Organization Engine Exhaust Emissions Data Bank.

Emissions for GSE and APU associated with commercial air carriers were estimated by

EDMS, using the assumptions and defaults incorpor tated in the model. GSE that are assigned to

an aircraft are given times (minutes per arriva l, minutes per departure) based upon the type of

service. For example, a fuel truck servicing a large commercial aircraft will have a different

operating time than the same fuel truck servicin g a commuter aircraft. All EDMS defaults for

GSE duration and type (e.g., fuel truck, cabin serv ice truck, baggage belt loader) were used. GSE

emission factors used by EDMS are derived from EPA’s NONROAD2005 model and are based

on the following variables: fuel, brake horsepower and load factor. GSE engines burn gasoline,

2-12

### diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), and lique fied petroleum gas (LPG). EPA has used a

national-scale value to characterize engines type. The GSE engine distribu tion is shown below in

Table 2-3. Like GSE, APU emissions are the product of operating time. The purpose of an

aircraft APU is to provide power to start th e main engines and run the heating, cooling, and

ventilation systems prior to starting the main engines.

Table 2-3. National-Scale GSE Engine Distribution

GSE Engines Type Percent of

Total

Gasoline Fired, 4-Stroke 16.9

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Fired 1.65

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fired 1.25

Diesel Fired 80.2

Emissions of criteria pollutants for air taxis, general aviation, and m ilitary aircraft were

calculated by combining aircraft operations data from FAA’s Terminal Area Forecasts (TAF)

and 5010 Forms , and dividing activity into jet and pr opeller-driven fractions, and applying

emission factors as appropriate (See Figure 2-2). HAP emission estimates for air taxis, general

aviation, and military aircraft were estimated by applying speciation profiles to VOC or PM 10 

### emissions estimates. The following equation was us ed (emission factor are included as Appendix

A).

E ixj 

### = LTO i 

### × FR pro-i 

### × EF ij



### Where:

E ixj 

### = Emission estimate for aircraft t ype i equipped with engine type x

and pollutant j (lbs/year)

LTO i 

### = Annual count of LTO cycl es for aircraft type i

FR

x 

### = Fraction of LTOs equipped with engine type x

EF ij 

### = Generic emission factor for airc raft type i equipped with engine

type x and pollutant j (lbs/LTO)

i = Aircraft type (i.e., air ta xi, general aviation, and military)

x = Engine type (i.e., jet or turboprop, and piston engine)

j = Criteria pollutant j

Lead emission estimates were handled di fferently. Lead emissions are primarily

associated with leaded aviation fuel used in pi ston driven aircraft associated with general

aviation. Lead emissions per LTO are ca lculated using the following equation:

Pb(kg) = (piston-engine LTO) ( 7.34 g Pb/LTO) (0.95) / 1,000 (g/kg)

2-13

### Where the lead content of av iation gasoline is assumed to be 0.56 grams per liter or 2.12

grams per gallon. For additional details on EPA lead emission calculation procedures see

Technical Support Document EPA420-R-08-02 0 published October 2008 and Calculating

Aviation Gasoline Lead Emissions in th e Draft 2008 NEI published December 2009.

HAP emission estimates

Representative HAP emission factors were used to estimate the individual chemical

species for each aircraft type . The profiles are used to split (or speciate) organic gases,

hydrocarbons, and particulate ma tter emissions estimates into more defined HAP compounds.

The following equation was used:

E ixj 

### = LTO ix 

### × SP ixj



### Where:

E ixj 

### = Emission estimate for aircraft t ype i equipped with engine type x

and pollutant j (tons/year)

LTO ix 

### = Annual count of LTO cycles for ai rcraft type i a nd engine type x

SP ixj 

### = Generic speciation profiles for ai rcraft type i equipped with engine

type x and pollutant j (tons/LTO)

i = Aircraft type (i.e., air ta xi, general aviation, and military)

x = Engine type (i.e., jet or turboprop, and piston engine)

j = Pollutant j

Appendix B and C contains detailed documenta tion of how emissions were estimated for

all aircraft types. The documentation is not m eant to provide an exhaustive analysis on the

derivation of all the inputs. For example, an emission factor used for a national estimate may be

given in the appendix, but the source test data that were evaluated to obtain this factor may not

be presented or discussed. The goal of the documentation provided is to show in a brief and

concise manner how a given estimate was derived.

2-14Criteria and

HAP Pollutant

Emission

Estimates FAA

EDMS 5.1 DOT Foreign

and Domestic

LTO Data

(T100) Apportion Emissions Based on

Airport Activity Data for

Commercial Aircraft

(2008 emissions were calculated

for each airport individually) Criteria and

HAP Pollutant

Emission

Estimates FAA

EDMS 5.1 DOT Foreign

and Domestic

LTO Data

(T100) Apportion Emissions Based on

Airport Activity Data for

Commercial Aircraft

(2008 emissions were calculated

for each airport individually)



### Figure 2-1. Procedures for Estimating Emissions from Commercial Air Carriers

Split into:

Jet-Propelled and

Piston-Driven

Aircraft FAA LTO Data

for Air Taxis

and General

Aviation

(5010 and TAF) Apply Criteria and

HAP Pollutant

Emission Factors Apportion

Emissions Based

on Airport Activity

for Air Taxis and

General Aviation Split into:

Jet-Propelled and

Piston-Driven

Aircraft FAA LTO Data

for Air Taxis

and General

Aviation

(5010 and TAF) Apply Criteria and

HAP Pollutant

Emission Factors Apportion

Emissions Based

on Airport Activity

for Air Taxis and

General Aviation



### Figure 2-2. Procedures for Estimating Em issions from Commercial Air Taxis and

General Aviation

2-15

### 2-16 2.5 How Were Emissions Allocated?

For the 2008 inventory, emissions were indi vidually estimated for each airport. A GIS

database obtained from the Bureau of Transporta tion Statistics (BTS) contai ned airport level data

with latitude and longitude coordinates. Note, that prior to 2002, national aircraft emission

estimates were allocated to individual counties us ing airport activity data derived from the FAA

TAF database.

2.6 QA/QC

Given the significant methodological changes ov er previous inventory efforts, several

quality checks were implemented to ensure that these data were developed and allocated in a

clear and reproducible manner. So me of the quality checks impl emented include the following:

Emissions allocations and estimations

• All original data importations and transcrip tions into the database were double-checked

for errors.

• All calculation methods and approaches we re evaluated for technical soundness.

• All unit conversions and equations used to generate results were double-checked for

errors.

• All sources of original data are referenced in the spreadsheet.

• Emission factors were compiled from a va riety of sources. Each emission factor

development methodologies were evaluated to identify the most accurate emission factor

for use in this inventory effort.

• Emission sums were evaluate d across activity types (e.g., Ai rcraft, APU, and GSE) to

ensure they consistently mirror LTO activity levels.

• 2008 pollutants and emissions were checked against the 2005 inventory to identify any

missing pollutants or major changes compared to previous inventor ies. Discrepancies

were investigated and revisi ons were made as needed.

• The validity of SCC codes, FIP county code s, and pollutant codes were confirmed.

• The validity of Airport and plane id entification codes were confirmed.

2.7 What are the Results?

Table 2-3 summarizes the emission estimates for Aircraft, ground support equipment and

APUs for criteria pollutants. Table 2-4 summari zes the emission estimates for individual HAPs.

Both tables aggregate the data for all states, in cluding the District of Columbia. Note that the

2008 estimates do not include state submitted data.Table 2-3. Aircraft Criteria Emission Estimates 2008 (tons per year)2008PollutantMilitary(2275001000)Commercial(2275020000)GA, Piston(2275050011)GA, Turbine(2275050012)AT, Piston(2275060011)AT, Turbine(2275060012)GSE, Gas(2265008005)GSE, LPG(2267008005)GSE, CNG(2268008005)GSE, Diesel(2270008005)APU(2275070000)CO44.670,201338,677130,31559,71027,04517,9991,7681,39885,5804,072NOX8.7798,1932,1927563351,3171,9261891509,1572,841PM10-PRI01,5296,5392,5371,28049855.85.484.33265457PM2.5-PRI01,5294,5161,75088334453.55.264.16255457SO21.989,76132212431.921953.25.224.13253443VOC23.812,22922943,3702.454,86761560.547.82,926314Table 2-4. Aircraft HAP EmissionEstimates 2008 (tons per year)2008PollutantMilitary(2275001000)Commercial(2275020000)GA, Piston(2275050011)GA, Turbine(2275050012)AT, Piston(2275060011)AT, Turbine(2275060012)GSE, Gas(2265008005)GSE, LPG(2267008005)GSE, CNG(2268008005)GSE, Diesel(2270008005)APU(2275070000)1,3-Butadiene0.4015855.18303.9889.600005.321-Methylnaphthalene0.0623.20.23121013.100000.782,2,4-Trimethylpentane001.8719.50.141.508.940.880.6942.502-methylnaphthalene0.0519.30.20101010.900000.65Acenaphthene004.7600.93000000Acenaphthylene0026.92,3515.27000000Acetaldehyde1.0240042.92,1022.612272.430.240.1911.513.5Acrolein003.131,2010.2410300000Anthracene005.541.12E-031.092.20E-0400000Benz[a]Anthracene000.651.69E-040.133.32E-0500000Benzene0.4015821682716.389.410.41.020.8149.65.30Benzo[a]Pyrene000.659.28E-050.131.82E-0500000Benzo[b]Fluoranthene000.7800.15000000Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene001.701.54E-050.333.02E-0600000Benzo[k]Fluoranthene000.7800.15000000Chrysene000.651.58E-040.133.10E-05000002-172-18Table 2-4. Aircraft HAP Emission Estimates 2008 (tons per year) (Continued)2008PollutantMilitary(2275001000)Commercial(2275020000)GA, Piston(2275050011)GA, Turbine(2275050012)AT, Piston(2275060011)AT, Turbine(2275060012)GSE, Gas(2265008005)GSE, LPG(2267008005)GSE, CNG(2268008005)GSE, Diesel(2270008005)APU(2275070000)Cumene0001.4700.1300000Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene00000000000Ethyl Benzene0076.885.35.917.2900000Fluoranthene005.942.34E-031.164.59E-0400000Fluorene009.8501.93000000Formaldehyde2.951,1541736,05911.26557.190.710.5634.238.8Hexane0036.602.81000000Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene000.5200.10000000Lead00424032.6000000Methane0.01016.411.70.293.0614.61.431.1369.50Methanol000885075.600000m-Xylene00000011.11.090.8652.70Naphthalene0.1350.761751611848.100001.71O-xylene0.0415.60.4381.74.79E-038.835.430.530.4225.80.52Phenanthrene0016.60.013.252.04E-0300000Phenol000356030.400000Propionaldehyde0.1768.25.173580.2738.71.480.150.117.022.29Pyrene008.092.86E-031.595.61E-0400000Styrene0.0729.018.61521.3816.400000.97Toluene0.1560.254431641.834.117.81.751.3884.52.02Xylenes (MixedIsomers)0030637823.630.200000

### 2.8 Aircraft References

Cook, Rich. Memorandum entitled Guidance on Mobile Source Emi ssion Estimates in the 1996

National Toxics Inventory , to Laurel Driver and Anne Pope, U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality

Planning and Standards. U.S. EPA Office of Mobile Source s. Ann Arbor, MI. June 9, 1998.

Cook, Rich. Memorandum entitled Source Identification and Base Year 1990 Emission Inventory

Guidance for Mobile Source HAPs on th e OAQPS List of 40 Priority HAPs , to Laurel Driver and

Anne Pope, U.S. EPA Office of Air Quality Pl anning and Standards ( OAQPS). U.S. EPA Office

of Mobile Sources. Ann Arbor, MI. June 11, 1997.

Billings, Richard and Roger Chang, Eastern Research Group, Inc. Memorandum entitled Revised

HAP Speciation Profiles for Commercial Aircra ft, to Laurel Driver and Rich Cook, U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. October 25, 2004.

Federal Aviation Administration. General Avia tion and Part 135 Activity Survey - Calendar

Year 2005. Downloaded from the following Internet site:

http://www.faa.gov/data_res earch/aviation_data_statist ics/general_aviation/.

Federal Aviation Administration. Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS), Version

5.1 released September 2008. Downloaded from the following Internet site:

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headqua rters_offices/aep/models/edms_model/.

U.S. Department of Transportation. Emissions and Dispersion M odeling System, Version 5.1.

Federal Aviation Administration. September 2008. Do wnloaded from the following Internet site:

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headqua rters_offices/aep/models/edms_model/.

U.S. Department of Transportation. Terminal Area Forecast System . Federal Aviation

Administration, Aviation Policy and Plans. Down loaded from the following Internet Site:

http//www.apo.data.faa.gov/.

U.S. Department of Transportation. T-100 Segmen t (All Carriers). Bureau of Transportation

Statistics. Downloaded from the following Internet site: http ://transtats.bts.gov/.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Aviation Administration. Recommended Best

Practice for Quantifying Speciat ed Organic Gas Emissions from Aircraft Equipped with

Turbofan, Turbojet, and Turboprop Engines - Version 1.0 . EPA-420-R-09-901. Assessment and

Standards Division, Office of Transportation a nd Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency in collaboration with the AEE-300 - Em issions Division, Office of Environment and

Energy, Federal Aviation Administration. May 2009.

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Gasoline in the United States - Technical Support Document . EPA-420-R-08-020. Assessment

and Standards Division, Office of Tran sportation and Air Quality. October 2008.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Calculating Aviation Gasoline Lead Emissions in the

Draft 2008 NEI . Assessment and Standards Division, Offi ce of Transportation and Air Quality.

December 2009.

2-19

### U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Procedures for Emission Inventory Preparation, Volume

IV: Mobile Sources . EPA-450/4-81-026d (Revised). Office of Air and Radiation. Research

Triangle Park, NC, and Ann Arbor, MI. 1992.

2-20

## Appendix A

Generic Aircraft Emission Factors/ Speciation Profiles