FAA-S-8081-8B 

U.S. Department 

of Transportation 

Federal Aviation 

Administration 

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR 

Practical Test Standards 

for

GLIDER 

October 2006 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591 
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR 

Practical Test Standards 

for 

GLIDER 

2006 

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE 

Washington, DC 20591
FAA-S-8081-8B 

NOTE

Material in FAA-S-8081-8B will be effective October 1, 2006. All 

previous editions of the Flight Instructor—Glider Practical Test 

Standards will be obsolete as of this date. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 

FOREWORD

The Flight Instructor—Glider Practical Test Standards (PTS) book has 

been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish 

the standards for flight instructor certification practical tests for the glider 

category. FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners shall conduct 

practical tests in compliance with these standards. Flight instructors and 

applicants should find these standards helpful during training and when 

preparing for practical tests. 

/s/ 06/07/06 

___________________________ 

Joseph K. Tintera, Manager 

Regulatory Support Division 

Flight Standards Service 
i FAA-S-8081-8A

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................1 

 General Information.....................................................................1 

 Practical Test Standard Concept .................................................2 

 Flight Instructor Test Book Description........................................2 

 Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards Description.................2 

 Abbreviations...............................................................................4 

 Use of the Practical Test Standards Book ...................................5 

 Special Emphasis Areas..............................................................6 

 Practical Test Prerequisites .........................................................7 

 Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test...............8 

 Flight Instructor Responsibility.....................................................8 

 Examiner Responsibility ..............................................................9 

 Satisfactory Performance ............................................................9 

 Unsatisfactory Performance ......................................................10 

 Aeronautical Decision Making and Risk Management ..............10 

 Applicant’s Use of Checklists.....................................................11 

 Use of Distractions During Practical Tests ................................11 

 Positive Exchange of Flight Controls .........................................11 

 Additional Rating Table ................................................................ 13 

CHECKLISTS: 

 Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist............................................. 15 

 Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist .............................................. 17 

AREAS OF OPERATION: 

 I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING ................................1-1

 A. The Learning Process......................................................1-1 

 B. Human Behavior...............................................................1-1 

 C. The Teaching Process...................................................1-2 

 D. Teaching Methods............................................................1-2 

 E. Critique and Evaluation....................................................1-2 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and 

 Responsibilities...............................................................1-3 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity..........................................1-3 

 II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS ........................................1-4 

 A. Aeromedical Factors ........................................................1-4 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance.......................1-4 

 C. Use of Distractions During Flight Training .....................1-5 

 D. Principles of Flight ............................................................1-5 

 E. Elevators, Ailerons, and Rudder ....................................1-5 
FAA-S-8081-8A ii

 F. Trim, Lift, and Drag Devices ............................................1-7 

 G. Glider Weight and Balance..............................................1-6 

 H. Navigation and Flight Planning........................................1-7 

 I. Regulations and Publications ..........................................1-7 

 J. National Airspace System................................................1-8 

 K. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements.............1-8 

 lll. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION...............................................1-9

 A. Certificates and Documents.............................................1-9 

 B. Weather Information.........................................................1-9 

 C. Operation of Systems.....................................................1-10 

 D. Performance and Limitations.........................................1-10 

IV. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE 

PERFORMED IN FLIGHT.................................................1-11 

 Maneuver Lesson.................................................................1-11 

 V. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES............................................1-12 

 A. Assembly .......................................................................1-12 

 B. Ground Handling ...........................................................1-13 

 C. Preflight Inspection ........................................................1-14 

 D. Cockpit Management ....................................................1-15 

 E. Visual Signals ................................................................1-16 

VI. AIRPORT AND GLIDERPORT OPERATIONS ................1-17

 A. Radio Communications..................................................1-17 

 B. Traffic Patterns ...............................................................1-18 

 C. Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings, 

 and Lighting ..................................................................1-19 

VII. LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS..........................................1-20 

 AERO TOW

 A. Before Takeoff Check ...................................................1-20 

 B. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff ...................................1-21 

 C. Maintaining Tow Positions ............................................1-22 

 D. Slack Line ......................................................................1-23 

 E. Boxing The Wake ..........................................................1-24 

 F. Tow Release ...............................................................1-25 

 G. Abnormal Occurrences .................................................1-25 
iii FAA-S-8081-8A

 GROUND TOW (AUTO OR WINCH)

 H. Before Takeoff Check ...................................................1-26 

 I. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff .....................................1-27 

 J. Abnormal Occurrences .................................................1-28 

 SELF-LAUNCH 

 K. Engine Starting ..............................................................1-29 

 L. Taxiing ............................................................................1-30 

 M. Before Takeoff Check ...................................................1-31 

 N. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb ..................1-32 

 O. Engine Shutdown In Flight ............................................1-33 

 P. Engine Restart In Flight ................................................1-34 

 Q. Abnormal Occurrences .................................................1-35 

 LANDINGS

 R. Normal and Crosswind Landing ....................................1-36 

 S. Slips to Landing..............................................................1-37 

 T. Downwind Landing ........................................................1-38 

VIII. FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT ........................................1-39 

 A. Straight Glides ................................................................1-39 

 B. Turns To Headings.........................................................1-40 

IX. PERFORMANCE AIRSPEEDS.........................................1-41 

 A. Minimum Sink Airspeed ...............................................1-41 

 B. Speed-To-Fly..................................................................1-42 

X. SOARING TECHNIQUES.................................................1-43 

 A. Thermal Soaring.............................................................1-43 

 B. Ridge and Slope Soaring...............................................1-44 

 C. Wave Soaring .................................................................1-45 

Xl. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS ......................................1-46 

 A. Steep Turns ....................................................................1-46 

 B. Recovery From a Spiral Dive.........................................1-47 
FAA-S-8081-8A iv

XII. SLOW FLIGHT, STALLS, AND SPINS ............................1-48 

 A. Maneuvering at Minimum Control Airspeed .................1-48 

 B. Stall Recognition and Recovery ....................................1-49 

 C. Spins ...............................................................................1-50 

XIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS...........................................1-52 

 A. Simulated Off-Airport Landing .......................................1-52 

 B. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear....................1-53 

XIV. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES .........................................1-54 

 After-Landing and Securing.................................................1-54 
1 FAA-S-8081-8B 

INTRODUCTION

General Information 

The Flight Standards Service of the Federal Aviation Administration 

(FAA) has developed this practical test book as the standard to be used 

by FAA inspectors and designated pilot examiners when conducting 

flight instructor—glider practical tests. Flight instructors are expected to 

use this book when preparing applicants for practical tests. Applicants 

should be familiar with this book and become familiar with these 

standards during their training. 

It is important to note that pilot training must not be limited solely to 

meeting the TASKs and Objectives in this book. TASKs and Objectives 

are simply a means to determine if an applicant meets the regulatory 

standards for the certificate or rating sought. Applicants should be 

trained using the references cited in this book. 

The FAA gratefully acknowledges the valuable assistance provided by 

many industry participants who contributed their time and talent in 

assisting with the revision of these practical test standards. 

This practical test standards (PTS) may be purchased from the 

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), 

Washington, DC 20402-9325, or from GPO’s web site. 

http://bookstore.gpo.gov

This PTS is also available for download, in pdf format, from the 

Regulatory Support Division’s web site. 

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600 

This PTS is published by the U.S. Department of Transportation, 

Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, 

AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125. 

Comments regarding this handbook should be sent, in e-mail form, to 

the following address 

AFS630comments@faa.gov
FAA-S-8081-8B 2

Practical Test Standard Concept 

Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61 specifies 

the areas in which knowledge and skill must be demonstrated by the 

applicant before the issuance of a flight instructor certificate with the 

associated category and class ratings. The CFR’s provide the flexibility 

to permit the FAA to publish practical test standards containing the 

AREAS OF OPERATION and specific TASKS in which competency 

shall be demonstrated. The FAA shall revise this book whenever it is 

determined that changes are needed in the interest of safety. 

Adherence to the provisions of the regulations and the practical test 

standards is mandatory for the evaluation of flight instructor applicants. 

Flight Instructor Test Book Description 

This test book contains the practical test standards for flight instructor—

glider. Other flight instructor practical test books include: 

 FAA-S-8081-6 Flight Instructor—Airplane (Single-Engine and 

 Multiengine) 

 FAA-S-8081-7 Flight Instructor—Rotorcraft (Helicopter and 

 Gyroplane) 

 FAA-S-8081-9 Flight Instructor—Instrument (Airplane and 

 Helicopter) 

The flight instructor practical test standards include the AREAS OF 

OPERATION and TASKS required for the issuance of an initial flight 

instructor certificate and for the addition of a category and/or class 

rating to that certificate. 

Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards Description 

AREAS OF OPERATION are phases of the practical test arranged in a 

logical sequence within each standard. They begin with Fundamentals 

of Instructing and end with Postflight Procedures. The examiner, 

however, may conduct the practical test in any sequence that will result 

in a complete and efficient test; however, the oral portion of the 

practical test must be completed prior to the flight portion.

TASKS are titles of knowledge areas, flight procedures, or maneuvers 

appropriate to an AREA OF OPERATION. 

NOTE is used to emphasize special considerations required in the 

AREA OF OPERATION or TASK. 
3 FAA-S-8081-8B 

REFERENCE identifies the publication(s) that describe(s) the TASK. 

Descriptions of TASKS and maneuver tolerances are not included in 

these standards because this information can be found in the current 

issue of the listed reference. Publications other than those listed may be 

used for references if their content conveys substantially the same 

meaning as the referenced publications. 

These practical test standards are based on the following references. 

14 CFR part 1 Definitions and Abbreviations 

14 CFR part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, 

 Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes

14 CFR part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, 

 Rebuilding, and Alteration 

14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and 

 Ground Instructors 

14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules 

NTSB part 830 Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents 

 and Incidents 

AC 00-2 Advisory Circular Checklist 

AC 00-6 Aviation Weather 

AC 00-45 Aviation Weather Services 

AC 60-22 Aeronautical Decision Making 

AC 60-28 English Language Skill Standards Required by 

 14 CFR part 61, 63, and 65 

AC 61-65 Certification: Pilots and Flight Instructors 

AC 61-67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training 

AC 61-84 Role of Preflight Preparation 

AC 61-94 Pilot Transition Course for Self-Launching or 

 Powered Sailplanes (Motorgliders) 

AC 61-98 Currency and Additional Qualification 

 Requirements for Certificated Pilots 

AC 90-48 Pilots’ Role in Collision Avoidance 

AC 90-66 Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and 

 Practices for Aeronautical Operations at 

 Airports without Operating Control Towers 

AC 120-51 Crew Resource Management Training 

FAA-H-8083-1 Weight and Balance Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-9 Aviation Instructors Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-13 Glider Flying Handbook 

FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge 

FAA-S-8081-22 Private Pilot Practical Test Standards for Glider 

FAA-S-8081-23 Commercial Pilot Practical Test Standards for 

 Glider 

AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

AFD Airport Facility Directory 

FDC NOTAMs National Flight Data Center Notices to Airmen 

Other Soaring Flight Manual (Jeppesen Sanderson) 

 Glider Flight Manuals 
FAA-S-8081-8B 4

The Objective lists the important elements that must be satisfactorily 

performed to demonstrate competency in a TASK. The Objective 

includes: 

1. specifically what the applicant should be able to do; 

2. conditions under which the TASK is to be performed; and 

3. acceptable performance standards. 

The examiner determines that the applicant meets the TASK Objective 

through the demonstration of competency in various elements of 

knowledge and/or skill. The Objectives of TASKS in certain AREAS OF 

OPERATION, such as Fundamentals of Instructing and Technical 

Subjects, include only knowledge elements. Objectives of TASKS in 

AREAS OF OPERATION that include elements of skill, as well as 

knowledge, also include common errors, which the applicant shall be 

able to describe, recognize, analyze, and correct. 

The Objective of a TASK that involves pilot skill consists of four parts. The 

four parts include determination that the applicant exhibits: 

1. instructional knowledge of the elements of a TASK. This is 

accomplished through descriptions, explanations, and simulated 

instruction; 

2. instructional knowledge of common errors related to a TASK, 

including their recognition, analysis, and correction; 

3. the ability to demonstrate and simultaneously explain the key 

elements of a TASK. The TASK demonstration must be to the 

COMMERCIAL PILOT skill level; the teaching techniques and 

procedures should conform to those set forth in FAA-H-8083-9, 

Aviation Instructor's Handbook; and FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flying 

Handbook; and 

4. the ability to analyze and correct common errors related to a TASK. 

Abbreviations 

 14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations 

 AC Advisory Circular 

 AFD Airport Facility Directory 

 AIM Aeronautical Information Manual 

 AIRMET(s) Airmen’s Meteorological Information 

 ATC Air Traffic Control 

 CRM Crew Resource Management 

 FAA Federal Aviation Administration 

 NOTAM Notices to Airmen 

 NTSB National Transportation Safety Board 

 PIREP(s) Pilot Weather Reports 

 PTS Practical Test Standards 
5 FAA-S-8081-8B 

 SIGMET(s) Significant Meteorological 

 SUA Special Use Airspace 

 TFR Temporary Flight Restrictions 

Use of the Practical Test Standards Book 

The FAA requires that all practical tests be conducted in accordance 

with the appropriate flight instructor practical test standards and the 

policies set forth in the INTRODUCTION. 

All of the procedures and maneuvers in the private pilot and commercial 

pilot practical test standards have been included in the flight instructor 

practical test standards; however, to permit completion of the practical test 

for initial certification within a reasonable timeframe, the examiner shall 

select one or more TASKS in each AREA OF OPERATION. In certain 

AREAS OF OPERATION, there are required TASKS which the examiner 

must select. These required TASKS are identified by a NOTE immediately 

following each AREA OF OPERATION title. 

In preparation for each practical test, the examiner shall develop a 

written “plan of action.” The examiner will vary each “plan of action” to 

ensure that all TASKS in the appropriate practical test standard are 

evaluated during a given number of practical tests. Except for required 

TASKS, the examiner should avoid using the same optional TASKS in 

order to avoid becoming stereotyped. The “plan of action” for a practical 

test for initial certification shall include one or more TASKS in each AREA 

OF OPERATION and shall always include the required TASKS. The “plan 

of action” for a practical test for the addition of an aircraft category and/or 

class rating to a flight instructor certificate, shall include the required 

AREAS OF OPERATION as indicated in the Additional Rating Table at the 

beginning of each standard. The required TASKS appropriate to the 

additional rating(s) sought shall be included. Any TASK selected for 

evaluation during the practical test shall be evaluated in its entirety. 

The flight instructor applicant shall be prepared in all knowledge and skill 

areas and demonstrate the ability to instruct effectively in all TASKS 

included in the AREAS OF OPERATION of the appropriate practical test 

standard. Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner 

shall evaluate the applicant's ability to demonstrate and simultaneously 

explain the selected procedures and maneuvers, and to give flight 

instruction to students at various stages of flight training and levels of 

experience. 

The term “instructional knowledge” means the “what,” “why,” and “how” of 

a subject matter topic, procedure, or maneuver. It also means that the flight 

instructor applicant's discussions, explanations, and descriptions should 

follow the recommended teaching procedures and techniques explained in 

FAA-H-8083-9, Aviation Instructor's Handbook. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 6

The purpose for including common errors in certain TASKS is to assist the 

examiner in determining that the flight instructor applicant has the ability to 

recognize, analyze, and correct such errors. The examiner shall not 

simulate any condition that may jeopardize safe flight or result in possible 

damage to the aircraft. The common errors listed in the TASK Objectives 

may or may not be found in the TASK References; however, the FAA 

considers their frequency of occurrence justification for their inclusion in the 

TASK Objectives. 

The examiner shall place special emphasis on the applicant's 

demonstrated ability to teach precise aircraft control and sound judgment 

in aeronautical decision-making. Evaluation of the applicant's ability to 

teach judgment shall be accomplished by asking the applicant to describe 

the oral discussions and the presentation of practical problems that would 

be used in instructing students in the exercise of sound judgment. The 

examiner shall also emphasize the evaluation of the applicant's 

demonstrated ability to teach spatial disorientation, wake turbulence and 

low-level wind shear avoidance, checklist usage, positive exchange of flight 

controls, and any other directed special emphasis areas. 

Special Emphasis Areas 

Examiners and authorized instructors must place special emphasis 

upon areas of aircraft operation considered critical to flight safety. 

Among these are: 

1. positive aircraft control; 

2. procedures for positive exchange of flight controls; 

3. stall and spin awareness (if appropriate); 

4. collision avoidance; 

5. wake turbulence and low level wind shear avoidance; 

6. runway incursion avoidance; 

7. controlled flight into terrain (CFIT); 

8. aeronautical decision making/risk management; 

9. checklist usage; 

10. spatial disorientation; 

11. temporary flight restrictions (TFR); 

12. special use airspace (SUA); 

13. aviation security; 

14. wire strike avoidance; and 

15. other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical 

test or proficiency check. 

Although these areas may not be specifically addressed under each 

TASK, they are essential to flight safety and will be evaluated during the 

practical test or proficiency check. In all instances, the applicant’s 

actions will be evaluated in accordance to the standards of the TASKs 

and the ability to use good judgment with reference to the special 

emphasis areas listed above. 
7 FAA-S-8081-8B 

Practical Test Prerequisites 

An applicant for the flight instructor—glider initial certification practical 

test is required by 14 CFR part 61 to: 

1. be at least 18 years of age; 

2. be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. 

If there is a doubt, use AC 60-28, English Language Skill 

Standards; 

3. hold either a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot certificate with 

an aircraft rating appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought; 

4. have passed the appropriate flight instructor knowledge test(s) 

since the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he 

or she takes the practical test; 

5. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor on the 

fundamentals of instructing appropriate to the required knowledge 

test; and 

6. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying 

that the applicant has been given flight training in the AREAS OF 

OPERATION listed in 14 CFR section 61.187, for the flight 

instructor rating sought in preparation for the practical test within 

60 days preceding the date of application. The endorsement 

shall also state that the instructor finds the applicant prepared for 

the required practical test, and that the applicant has 

demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject area(s) in 

which the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test. 

An applicant holding a flight instructor certificate who applies for an 

additional rating on that certificate is required by 14 CFR part 61 to: 

1. hold an effective pilot certificate with ratings appropriate to the flight 

instructor rating sought; 

2. have at least 15 hours as pilot in command in the category and 

class aircraft appropriate to the rating sought; 

3. have passed the appropriate knowledge test prescribed for the 

issuance of a flight instructor certificate with the rating sought since 

the beginning of the 24th month before the month in which he or 

she takes the practical test; and 

4. have an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the 

applicant has been given flight training in the applicable AREAS OF 

OPERATION listed in 14 CFR section 61.187, for the flight instructor 

rating sought in preparation for the practical test within 60 days 

preceding the date of application. The endorsement shall also state that 

the instructor finds the applicant prepared for the required practical test, 

and that the applicant has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the 

subject area(s) in which the applicant was deficient on the airman 

knowledge test. Although 14 CFR section 61.191 refers to additional 

flight instructor ratings, the basis for the knowledge and practical tests 

required for any additional flight instructor rating can be found in 14 

CFR section 61.187. 

Aircraft and Equipment Required for the Practical Test 
FAA-S-8081-8B 8

 

The flight instructor—glider applicant is required by 14 CFR section 

61.45, to provide an airworthy, certificated aircraft for use during the 

practical test. This section further requires that the aircraft must: 

1. have fully functioning dual controls, except as provided for in 

14 CFR section 61.45(c) and (e); and 

2. be capable of performing all AREAS OF OPERATION 

appropriate for the instructor rating sought and have no 

operating limitations, which prohibit its use in any of the AREAS 

OF OPERATION required for the practical test. 

Flight Instructor Responsibility

An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the flight 

instructor applicant to acceptable standards in all subject matter areas, 

procedures, and maneuvers included in the TASKS within each AREA OF 

OPERATION in the appropriate flight instructor practical test standard. 

Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, 

proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, 

skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to students. The flight 

instructor shall certify that the applicant is: 

1. able to make a practical application of the fundamentals of 

instructing; 

2. competent to teach the subject matter, procedures, and maneuvers 

included in the standards to students with varying backgrounds and 

levels of experience and ability; 

3. able to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards to at least the COMMERCIAL PILOT skill level1

 while 

giving effective flight instruction; and 

4. competent to pass the required practical test for the issuance of the 

flight instructor certificate with the associated category and class 

ratings or the addition of a category and/or class rating to a flight 

instructor certificate. 

Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsible for 

emphasizing the performance of, and the ability to teach, effective visual 

scanning and collision avoidance procedures. 

1 Commercial Pilot skill level is defined as performing a procedure or maneuver within the 

tolerances listed in the FAA commercial pilot practical test standards. If the maneuver 

appears only in the private pilot practical test standards, the term means that the 

applicant’s performance is expected to be more precise than indicated by the stated 

tolerances. 
9 FAA-S-8081-8B 

 

Examiner2 Responsibility 

The examiner conducting the practical test is responsible for determining 

that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of teaching ability, 

knowledge, and skill in the selected TASKS. The examiner makes this 

determination by accomplishing an Objective that is appropriate to each 

selected TASK, and includes an evaluation of the applicant's: 

1. ability to apply the fundamentals of instructing; 

2. knowledge of, and ability to teach, the subject matter, procedures, 

and maneuvers covered in the TASKS; 

3. ability to perform the procedures and maneuvers included in the 

standards to at least the COMMERCIAL PILOT skill level while 

giving effective flight instruction; and 

4. ability to analyze and correct common errors related to the 

procedures and maneuvers covered in the TASKS. 

It is intended that oral questioning be used at any time during the 

ground or flight portion of the practical test to determine that the 

applicant can instruct effectively and has a comprehensive knowledge 

of the TASKS and their related safety factors. 

During the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner shall act as a 

student during selected maneuvers. This will give the examiner an 

opportunity to evaluate the flight instructor applicant’s ability to analyze and 

correct simulated common errors related to these maneuvers. The 

examiner will also evaluate the applicant’s use of visual scanning and 

collision avoidance procedures, and the applicant’s ability to teach 

those procedures. 

Satisfactory Performance 

The practical test is passed if, in the judgment of the examiner, the 

applicant demonstrates satisfactory performance with regard to: 

1. knowledge of the fundamentals of instructing; 

2. knowledge of the technical subject areas; 

3. knowledge of the flight instructor's responsibilities concerning the 

pilot certification process; 

4. knowledge of the flight instructor's responsibilities concerning 

logbook entries and pilot certificate endorsements; 

5. ability to demonstrate the procedures and maneuvers selected by 

the examiner to at least the COMMERCIAL PILOT skill level while 

giving effective instruction; 

6. competence in teaching the procedures and maneuvers selected 

by the examiner; 

2 The word "examiner" is used throughout the standards to denote either the FAA 

inspector or FAA designated pilot examiner who conducts an official practical test. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 10

7. competence in describing, recognizing, analyzing, and correcting 

common errors simulated by the examiner; and 

8. knowledge of the development and effective use of a course of 

training, a syllabus, and a lesson plan. 

Unsatisfactory Performance 

If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not meet the 

standards of performance of any TASK performed, the associated AREA 

OF OPERATION is failed and therefore, the practical test is failed. The 

examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when the failure 

of an AREA OF OPERATION makes the applicant ineligible for the 

certificate or rating sought. The test may be continued ONLY with the 

consent of the applicant. If the test is discontinued, the applicant is entitled 

to credit for only those AREAS OF OPERATION and TASKS satisfactorily 

performed; however, during the retest, and at the discretion of the 

examiner, any TASK may be re-evaluated, including those previously 

passed. Specific reasons for disqualification are: 

1. failure to perform a procedure or maneuver to the COMMERCIAL 

PILOT skill level while giving effective flight instruction; 

2. failure to provide an effective instructional explanation while 

demonstrating a procedure or maneuver (explanation during the 

demonstration must be clear, concise, technically accurate, and 

complete with no prompting from the examiner); 

3. any action or lack of action by the applicant which requires 

corrective intervention by the examiner to maintain safe flight; and 

4. failure to use proper and effective visual scanning techniques to 

clear the area before and while performing maneuvers. 

When a notice of disapproval is issued, the examiner shall record the 

applicant’s unsatisfactory performance in terms of AREAS OF 

OPERATION and TASKS. 

Aeronautical Decision Making And Risk Management 

Throughout the practical test, the examiner evaluates the 

applicant’s ability to use good aeronautical decision-making 

procedures in order to identify risks. The examiner accomplishes 

this requirement by developing scenarios that incorporate as many 

TASKs as possible to evaluate the applicants risk management in 

making safe aeronautical decisions. For example, the examiner 

may develop a scenario that incorporates weather decisions and 

performance planning. 
11 FAA-S-8081-8B 

The applicant’s ability to utilize all the assets available in making a 

risk analysis to determine the safest course of action is essential for 

satisfactory performance. The scenarios should be realistic and 

within the capabilities of the aircraft used for the practical test. 

Single-Pilot Resource Management 

Single-Pilot Resource Management refers to the effective use of ALL 

available resources: human resources, hardware, and information. It is 

similar to Crew Resource Management (CRM) procedures that are 

being emphasized in multi-crewmember operations except that only one 

crewmember (the pilot) is involved. Human resources “...includes all 

other groups routinely working with the pilot who are involved in 

decisions that are required to operate a flight safely. These groups 

include, but are not limited to: dispatchers, weather briefers, 

maintenance personnel, and air traffic controllers.” Pilot Resource 

Management is not a single TASK; it is a set of skill competencies that 

must be evident in all TASKs in this practical test standard as applied to 

single-pilot operation. 

Applicant's Use of Checklists

Throughout the practical test, the applicant is evaluated on the use of 

an appropriate checklist. Proper use is dependent on the specific TASK 

being evaluated. The situation may be such that the use of the 

checklist, while accomplishing elements of an Objective, would be 

either unsafe or impractical, especially in a single-pilot operation. In this 

case, a review of the checklist after the elements have been 

accomplished, would be appropriate. Division of attention and proper 

visual scanning should be considered when using a checklist. 

Use of Distractions During Practical Tests

Numerous studies indicate that many accidents have occurred when 

the pilot has been distracted during critical phases of flight. To evaluate 

the applicant’s ability to utilize proper control technique while dividing 

attention both inside and outside the cockpit, the examiner shall cause 

a realistic distraction during the flight portion of the practical test to 

evaluate the applicant's ability to divide attention while maintaining safe 

flight. 

Positive Exchange of Flight Controls 

During flight training, there must always be a clear understanding 

between students and flight instructors of who has control of the aircraft. 

Prior to flight, a briefing should be conducted that includes the 

procedure for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step 

process in the exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven 

procedure and one that is strongly recommended. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 12

When the instructor wishes the student to take control of the aircraft, he 

or she will say, “You have the flight controls.” The student 

acknowledges immediately by saying, “I have the flight controls.” The 

flight instructor again says, “You have the flight controls.” When control 

is returned to the instructor, follow the same procedure. A visual check 

is recommended to verify that the exchange has occurred. There should 

never be any doubt as to who is flying the aircraft. 
13 FAA-S-8081-8B 

ADDITIONAL RATING TABLE

ADDITION OF A GLIDER CATEGORY RATING TO A FLIGHT 

INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE 

AREAS OF 

OPERATION

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE 

AND RATING HELD 

ASE AME RH RG IAH 

I NO NO NO NO NO 

II YES YES YES YES YES 

III YES YES YES YES YES 

IV NO NO NO NO NO 

V YES YES YES YES YES 

VI YES YES YES YES YES 

VII YES* YES* YES* YES* YES* 

VIII YES YES YES YES YES 

IX YES YES YES YES YES 

X YES YES YES YES YES 

XI YES YES YES YES YES 

XII YES** YES YES YES YES 

XIII YES YES YES YES YES 

XIV YES YES YES YES YES 

LEGEND

ASE Airplane Single-Engine 

AME Airplane Multiengine 

RH Rotorcraft Helicopter 

RG Rotorcraft Gyroplane 

IAH Instrument Airplane/Helicopter 

* Examiner shall select kind of launch based on the applicant’s 

qualifications. 

** Task C not required. 

NOTE: The applicant who has satisfactorily accomplished ground 

and flight training and received an endorsement from an authorized 

instructor on ground tow, aero tow, and/or self-launch procedures will 

be evaluated in only one kind of launch procedure. The applicant’s 

instructing privileges will include each kind of launch for which 

previously endorsed. 
15 FAA-S-8081-8B

APPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

Flight Instructor—Glider 

EXAMINER’S NAME_______________________________ 

LOCATION_______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME______________________________________ 

ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT 

 Aircraft Documents: 

 Airworthiness Certificate 

 Registration Certificate 

 Operating Limitations 

 Aircraft Maintenance Records: 

 Record of Airworthiness Inspections and Current Status of 

 Applicable Airworthiness Directives 

 Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA-Approved Glider Flight 

 Manual 

PERSONAL EQUIPMENT 

 Practical Test Standard 

 Current Aeronautical Charts 

 Computer and Plotter 

 Flight Plan and Flight Log Forms 

 Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate 

 Publications 

PERSONAL RECORDS 

 Identification - Photo/Signature ID 

 Pilot Certificate 

 Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate 

 and/or Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature 

 (if applicable) 

 Airman Test Report 

 Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor 

 Endorsements 

 FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable) 

 Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable) 

 Examiner’s Fee (if applicable) 

 

 
17 FAA-S-8081-8B

EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 

Flight Instructor—Glider 

APPLICANT'S NAME_______________________________ 

LOCATION_______________________________________ 

DATE/TIME______________________________________ 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING

 A. The Learning Process 

 B. Human Behavior 

 C. The Teaching Process 

 D. Teaching Methods 

 E. Critique and Evaluation 

 F. Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities 

 G. Planning Instructional Activity 

II. TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 

 A. Aeromedical Factors 

 B. Visual Scanning and Collision Avoidance 

 C. Use of Distractions During Flight Training 

 D. Principles of Flight 

 E. Elevators, Ailerons, and Rudder 

 F. Trim, Lift, and Drag Devices 

 G. Glider Weight and Balance 

 H. Navigation and Flight Planning 

 I. Regulations and Publications 

 J. National Airspace System 

 K. Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements 

III. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION

 A. Certificates and Documents 

 B. Weather Information 

 C. Operation of Systems 

 D. Performance and Limitations 

IV. PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED 

 IN FLIGHT

 Maneuver Lesson 
FAA-S-8081-8B 18

V. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES

 A. Assembly 

 B. Ground Handling 

 C. Preflight Inspection 

 D. Cockpit Management 

 E. Visual Signals 

VI. AIRPORT AND GLIDERPORT OPERATIONS 

 A. Radio Communications 

 B. Traffic Patterns 

 C. Airport, Runway, and Taxiway Signs, Markings, and 

 Lighting 

VII. LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS 

AERO TOW 

 A. Before Takeoff Check 

 B. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff 

 C. Maintaining Tow Positions 

 D. Slack Line 

 E. Boxing The Wake 

 F. Tow Release 

 G. Abnormal Occurrences 

GROUND TOW (AUTO OR WINCH) 

 H. Before Takeoff Check 

 I. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff 

 J. Abnormal Occurrences 

SELF-LAUNCH 

 K. Engine Starting 

 L. Taxiing 

 M. Before Takeoff Check 

 N. Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb 

 O. Engine Shutdown In Flight 

 P. Engine Restart In Flight 

 Q. Abnormal Occurrences 

LANDINGS 

 R. Normal and Crosswind Landing 

 S. Slips to Landing 

 T. Downwind Landing 

VIII. FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT 
19 FAA-S-8081-8B

 A. Straight Glides 

 B. Turns to Headings 

IX. PERFORMANCE AIRSPEEDS 

 A. Minimum Sink Airspeed 

 B. Speed-To-Fly 

X. SOARING TECHNIQUES 

 A. Thermal Soaring 

 B. Ridge and Slope Soaring 

 C. Wave Soaring 

XI. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

 A. Steep Turns 

 B. Recovery From a Spiral Dive 

XII. SLOW FLIGHT, STALLS, AND SPINS 

 A. Maneuvering at Minimum Control Airspeed 

 B. Stall Recognition and Recovery 

 C. Spins 

XIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

 A. Simulated Off-Airport Landing 

 B. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear 

XIV. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

 After-Landing and Securing 
1-1 FAA-S-8081-8B 

I. AREA OF OPERATION: FUNDAMENTALS OF 

 INSTRUCTING 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least TASKs E and F. 

A. TASK: THE LEARNING PROCESS

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of the learning process by describing: 

1. The definition and characteristics of learning. 

2. Practical application of the laws of learning. 

3. Factors involved in how people learn. 

4. Recognition and proper use of the various levels of learning. 

5. Principles that are applied in learning a skill. 

6. Factors of forgetting and retention. 

7. How the transfer of learning affects the learning process. 

8. How the formation of habit patterns affects the learning 

process. 

B. TASK: HUMAN BEHAVIOR

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of human behavior by describing: 

1. Control of human behavior. 

2. Development of student potential. 

3. Relationship of human needs to behavior and learning. 

4. Relationship of defense mechanisms to student learning and 

pilot decision-making. 

5. General rules that a flight instructor should follow during 

student training to ensure good human relations. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-2

C. TASK: THE TEACHING PROCESS

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of the teaching process by describing: 

1. Preparation of a lesson for a ground or flight instructional 

period. 

2. Presentation of knowledge and skills, including the methods, 

which are suitable in particular situations. 

3. Application, by the student, of the knowledge and skills 

presented by the instructor. 

4. Review of the material presented and the evaluation of 

student performance and accomplishment. 

D. TASK: TEACHING METHODS 

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of teaching methods by describing: 

1. The organization of a lesson, i.e., introduction, development, 

and conclusion. 

2. The lecture method. 

3. The guided discussion method. 

4. The demonstration-performance method. 

5. Computer and/or video assisted instruction. 

E. TASK: CRITIQUE AND EVALUATION

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of critique and evaluation by describing: 

1. Purpose and characteristics of an effective critique. 

2. Difference between critique and evaluation. 

3. Characteristics of effective oral questions and what type to 

avoid. 

4. Responses to student questions. 

5. Characteristics and development of effective written tests. 

6. Characteristics and uses of performance tests, specifically, 

the FAA practical test standards. 
1-3 FAA-S-8081-8B 

F. TASK: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND 

 RESPONSIBILITIES

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of flight instructor characteristics and 

responsibilities by describing: 

1. Characteristics and qualifications of a professional flight 

instructor. 

2. Role of the flight instructor in dealing with student stress, 

anxiety, and psychological abnormalities. 

3. Flight instructor's responsibility with regard to student pilot 

supervision and surveillance. 

4. Flight instructor's authority and responsibility for 

endorsements and recommendations. 

5. Flight instructor's responsibility in the conduct of the required 

FAA flight review. 

G. TASK: PLANNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY

REFERENCE: FAA-H-8083-9. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of planning instructional activity by 

describing: 

1. Development of a course of training. 

2. Content and use of a training syllabus. 

3. Purpose, characteristics, proper use, and items of a lesson 

plan. 

4. Flexibility features of a course of training, syllabus, and 

lesson plan required to accommodate students with varying 

backgrounds, levels of experience, and ability. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-4

II. AREA OF OPERATION: TECHNICAL SUBJECT 

AREAS 

NOTE: The examiner will select TASK K and at least one other 

TASK. 

A. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; AIM; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by 

describing: 

1. Hypoxia, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action. 

2. Hyperventilation, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action. 

3. Middle ear and sinus problems, their causes, effects, and 

corrective action. 

4. Spatial disorientation, its causes, effects, and corrective 

action. 

5. Motion sickness, its causes, effects, and corrective action. 

6. Effects of alcohol and drugs, and their relationship to safety. 

7. Effects of dehydration and their relationship to flight safety. 

8. Carbon monoxide poisoning, its symptoms, effects and 

corrective action (self-launch). 

9. How evolved gas from scuba diving can effect a pilot during 

flight. 

10. Fatigue, its effects and corrective action. 

B. TASK: VISUAL SCANNING AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 90-48; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of visual scanning and collision 

avoidance by describing: 

1. Relationship between a pilot’s physical or mental condition 

and vision. 

2. Environmental conditions and optical illusions that affect 

vision. 

3. “See and avoid” concept. 

4. Practice of “time sharing” of attention inside and outside the 

cockpit. 

5. Proper visual scanning technique. 

6. Relationship between poor visual scanning habits, aircraft 

speed differential, and increased collision risk. 

7. Appropriate clearing procedures. 

8. Situations, which involve the greatest collision, risk. 
1-5 FAA-S-8081-8B 

C. TASK: USE OF DISTRACTIONS DURING FLIGHT 

TRAINING

REFERENCE: AC 61-67. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to use of distractions during flight 

training by describing: 

1. Flight situations where pilot distraction can be a causal factor 

related to aircraft accidents. 

2. Selection of realistic distractions for specific flight situations. 

3. Relationship between division of attention and flight 

instructor’s use of distractions. 

4. Difference between proper use of distractions and 

harassment. 

D. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to principles of flight by 

describing: 

1. Glider and airfoil design characteristics. 

2. The three axes of rotation and stability about those axes. 

3. Lift/drag relationship. 

4. Forces acting on a glider in straight flight and turns. 

5. Stalls and spins. 

E. TASK: ELEVATORS, AILERONS, AND RUDDER

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to elevators, ailerons, and rudder 

by describing: 

1. Purpose of each primary control. 

2. Location, attachments, and system of control. 

3. Direction of movement relative to airflow. 

4. Effect on glider control. 

5. Proper technique for use. 

6. Adverse yaw. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-6

F. TASK: TRIM, LIFT, AND DRAG DEVICES

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider 

Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to trim, lift, and drag devices by 

describing: 

1. Purpose. 

2. Location, attachments, and system of control. 

3. Direction of trim movement relative to airflow and the primary 

control surface. 

4. Effect on glider control. 

5. Proper technique for use. 

G. TASK: GLIDER WEIGHT AND BALANCE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-13; Glider Flight 

Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of glider weight and balance by 

describing: 

1. Weight and balance terms. 

2. Effect of weight and balance on performance. 

3. Determination of total weight, center of gravity, and changes 

that occur when adding, removing, or shifting weight. 

4. Purpose and effect of removable ballast on performance. 
1-7 FAA-S-8081-8B 

H. TASK: NAVIGATION AND FLIGHT PLANNING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; AIM; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to navigation and flight planning 

by describing: 

1. Terms used in navigation. 

2. Importance of using proper and current aeronautical charts. 

3. Features of aeronautical charts to include identification of 

various types of airspace and symbols. 

4. Method of plotting a course and selecting prominent en route 

checkpoints. 

5. Fundamentals of pilotage and dead reckoning. 

6. Importance of a weather check and the use of good judgment 

in making a “go/no-go” decision. 

7. Construction of a flight profile to determine minimum flight 

altitude required at “go-ahead points.” 

8. Factors that should be considered in the selection of a 

suitable landing area in the event an off-airport landing must 

be accomplished. 

I. TASK: REGULATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91; NTSB Part 830; AC 00-2, 

AC 61-94; AIM; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to regulations and publications, 

their purpose, general content, availability, and method of revision 

by describing: 

1. 14 CFR parts 1, 61, and 91. 

2. NTSB Part 830. 

3. Flight Information Publications. 

4. Practical Test Standards. 

5. Glider Flight Manual, if applicable. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-8

J. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AIM. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to the national airspace system 

by describing: 

1. General dimensions and operating requirements of airspace 

classes. 

2. Operating limitations associated with controlled, uncontrolled, 

special use, and other airspace, temporary flight restrictions 

(TFRs). 

K. TASK: LOGBOOK ENTRIES AND CERTIFICATE 

 ENDORSEMENTS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 61; AC 61-65, AC 61-98. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to logbook entries and certificate 

endorsements by describing: 

1. Required logbook entries for instruction given, including type 

of launches. 

2. Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including 

appropriate logbook entries. 

3. Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, 

including the appropriate logbook entry. 

4. Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory 

completion of an FAA flight review. 

5. Required flight instructor records. 
1-9 FAA-S-8081-8B 

III. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS

REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 91; FAA-H-8083-13; Glider 

Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by 

describing: 

1. Requirements for issuance of pilot and flight instructor 

certificates and ratings, and the privileges and limitations of 

those certificates and ratings. 

2. Medical fitness. 

3. Airworthiness and registration certificates. 

4. Glider flight manuals. 

5. Glider maintenance/inspection requirements and associated 

records. 

B. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION

REFERENCES: AC 00-6, AC 00-45, and AC 61-84; FAA-H-8083-

13; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to weather information by 

describing: 

1. Importance of a thorough weather check. 

2. Various sources for obtaining weather information. 

3. Use of weather reports, forecasts, and charts, including 

stability charts. 

4. Use of PIREPs, SlGMETs, and AlRMETs. 

5. Recognition of aviation weather hazards and their effects on 

glider operations. 

6. Factors to be considered in making a “go/no-go” decision. 

7. The relationship of the following factors to the lifting 

process— 

a. pressure and temperature lapse rates. 

b. atmospheric instability. 

c. thermal index and thermal production. 

d. cloud formation and identification. 

e. frontal weather. 

f. land, sea, and valley breezes. 

g. orographic lift. 

h. mountain waves. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-10

C. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider 

Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems of the 

glider used for the practical test, by describing: 

1. Magnetic compass. 

2. Yaw string or inclinometer. 

3. Airspeed indicator and altimeter. 

4. Variometer and total energy compensator.

5. Gyroscopic instruments. 

6. Electrical. 

7. Landing gear and brakes. 

8. Avionics. 

9. Oxygen equipment. 

D. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-13; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider 

Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by 

describing: 

1. Determination of weight and balance condition. 

2. Use of performance charts and other data for determining 

performance in various phases of flight. 

3. Effects of density altitude, wind, and other atmospheric 

conditions on performance. 

4. Applicable performance speeds, and their uses. 

5. Relationship between airspeeds and load factors. 

6. Purpose and effect of water ballast on performance. 

7. Factors to be considered in determining that the required 

performance is within the glider’s capabilities and limitations. 
1-11 FAA-S-8081-8B 

IV. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A 

MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED IN FLIGHT 

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one maneuver from 

AREAS OF OPERATION VlI through Xll, and ask the applicant to 

present a preflight lesson on the selected maneuver as the lesson 

would be taught to a student. Previously developed lesson plans 

from the applicant’s library may be used. 

TASK: MANEUVER LESSON

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight 

Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the selected maneuver by: 

1. Using a lesson plan that includes all essential items to make 

an effective and organized presentation. 

2. Stating the objective. 

3. Giving an accurate, comprehensive oral description of the 

maneuver, including the elements and associated common 

errors. 

4. Using instructional aids, as appropriate. 

5. Describing the recognition, analysis, and correction of 

common errors. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-12

V. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: ASSEMBLY

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

assembly by describing— 

a. selection of a suitable assembly area and sufficient 

crewmembers for assembly. 

b. importance of following a checklist. 

c. proper handling of components. 

d. cleaning and lubricating parts, as appropriate. 

e. post-assembly inspection, to include accounting for parts, 

tools, and making a positive control check. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

assembly by describing— 

a. poor planning with regard to selection of a suitable 

assembly area, or the availability of sufficient number of 

crewmembers for assembly. 

b. failure to use a checklist. 

c. careless handling of components. 

d. failure to clean and lubricate parts, as appropriate. 

e. omission, or careless performance, of a post-assembly 

inspection, including a positive control check. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains assembly from an 

instructional standpoint. 
1-13 FAA-S-8081-8B 

B. TASK: GROUND HANDLING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

ground handling by describing— 

a. selection and use of proper ground handling equipment 

for existing conditions. 

b. proper positioning and use of a sufficient number of 

crewmembers. 

c. proper positioning and securing of controls. 

d. precautions to be taken with regard to the canopy(ies). 

e. importance of ensuring that placards or cautions are 

observed when handling glider structure. 

f. importance of following a suitable route, using an 

appropriate speed, and being aware of obstructions. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

ground handling by describing— 

a. failure to select and use proper ground handling 

equipment. 

b. hazards of attempting to move the glider with an 

insufficient number of crewmembers. 

c. failure to properly position or secure controls. 

d. failure to secure canopy(ies). 

e. failure to follow directions stated on placards. 

f. poor choice of route, use of inappropriate speed, and lack 

of obstruction awareness. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains ground handling 

from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to ground 

handling. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-14

C. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to a 

preflight inspection, as appropriate, to the glider used for the 

practical test, by describing— 

a. reasons for the preflight inspection, items that should be 

inspected, and how defects are detected. 

b. importance of using an appropriate checklist. 

c. inspection of oxygen system, if applicable. 

d. detection of visible structural damage. 

e. determination that glider components are properly 

assembled and attachments secure, including flight 

controls. 

f. ballast management, including c.g. weights and water 

ballast. 

g. inspection of towline, tow hitch, weak link, and release 

mechanism. 

h. use of sound judgment in determining whether glider is in 

condition for safe flight. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

a preflight inspection by describing— 

a. failure to use, or improper use of, the checklist. 

b. hazards that may result from allowing distractions to 

interrupt a preflight inspection. 

c. inability to recognize discrepancies. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a preflight 

inspection from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a preflight 

inspection. 
1-15 FAA-S-8081-8B 

D. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23; 

Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of cockpit 

management by describing— 

a. proper arranging and securing of essential materials and 

equipment in the cockpit. 

b. proper use and/or adjustment of cockpit items, such as 

safety belts, shoulder harnesses, rudder pedals, seats, and 

parachutes. 

c. occupant briefing on emergency procedures, and use of 

safety belts and shoulder harnesses. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

cockpit management by describing— 

a. failure to place and secure essential materials and 

equipment for easy access during flight. 

b. improper adjustment of equipment and controls. 

c. failure to brief occupants on emergency procedures, and 

use of safety belts and shoulder harnesses. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains cockpit 

management from an instructional standpoint.
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-16

E. TASK: VISUAL SIGNALS 

NOTE: The applicant’s competence with regard to emergency 

signals may be evaluated through oral testing. 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

visual signals by describing the— 

a. pre-launch signals, including purpose of and proper 

response to each. 

b. launch signals, including purpose of and proper response 

to each. 

c. airborne signals, including purpose of and proper 

response to each. 

d. emergency signals, including purpose of and proper 

response to each. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

visual signals by describing the— 

a. improper transmission of pre-launch and launch signals to 

crewmembers. 

b. improper response to launch signals. 

c. improper transmission of airborne signals to tow pilot. 

d. improper response to airborne signals from tow pilot. 

e. improper transmission of, or response to, airborne 

emergency signals. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains visual signals 

from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to visual 

signals. 
1-17 FAA-S-8081-8B 

VI. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND GLIDERPORT 

OPERATIONS 

NOTE: The examiner shall select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-

23. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of radio 

communications by describing— 

a. selection and use of appropriate radio frequencies. 

b. recommended procedure and phraseology for radio voice 

communications, as described in the AIM. 

c. receipt, acknowledgment of, and compliance with, ATC 

clearances and other instructions. 

d. prescribed procedure for radio communications failure. 

e. interpretation of, and compliance with, ATC light signals. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

radio communications by describing— 

a. use of improper frequencies. 

b. improper techniques and phraseologies when using radio 

voice communications. 

c. failure to acknowledge, or properly comply with, ATC 

clearances and other instructions. 

d. use of improper procedures for radio communications 

failure. 

e. failure to understand, or to properly comply with, ATC light 

signals. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-18

B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; AC 90-66; FAA-S8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

traffic patterns by describing— 

a. segments (or legs) and procedures applicable to flying a 

normal glider traffic pattern. 

b. importance of pilot awareness of co-existing traffic 

patterns/runways, use of proper visual scanning 

technique, and maintenance of spacing on other aircraft. 

c. completion of pre-landing checklist. 

d. appropriate airspeed and proper technique for wind drift 

correction. 

e. selection of touchdown and stop points. 

f. appropriate corrections and compensations for lift and 

sink areas. 

g. considerations for wind shear. 

h. proper planning and use of flaps, spoilers, and/or dive 

brakes. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

traffic patterns by describing— 

a. failure to scan properly and have appropriate spacing. 

b. poorly planned entry leg. 

c. improper correction for wind drift. 

d. rough or uncoordinated control technique. 

e. poor judgment in the selection of touchdown and stop 

points. 

f. failure to maintain appropriate airspeed. 

g. failure to apply needed corrections at various points in the 

pattern. 

h. hazards of a low base leg and a low uncoordinated turn to 

final. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains traffic patterns 

from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to traffic 

patterns. 
1-19 FAA-S-8081-8B 

C. TASK: AIRPORT, RUNWAY, AND TAXIWAY SIGNS, 

MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9; AIM; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-

23. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements of airport, runway, and taxiway signs, 

markings, and lighting by describing: 

1. Identification and proper interpretation of airport, runway, and 

taxiway signs, and markings. 

2. Identification and proper interpretation of airport, runway, and 

taxiway lighting. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-20

VlI. AREA OF OPERATION: LAUNCHES AND LANDINGS 

NOTE: Examiner will select kind of launch based on the 

applicant’s qualifications. 

AERO TOW 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

the before takeoff check by describing— 

a. reason for performing each checklist item. 

b. establishment, with crewmembers, of a proper course of 

action, including visual signals, speeds, wind, and 

emergency procedures. 

c. proper procedure for setting altimeter, checking and 

adjusting controls, and closing and securing canopy(ies). 

d. use of the appropriate hitch for the type of launch to be 

conducted. 

e. proper procedure for checking towline hookup and 

release mechanism. 

f. importance of reviewing takeoff emergency procedures. 

g. method used for ensuring adequate clearance from other 

traffic. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

the before takeoff check by describing— 

a. omission or improper accomplishment of essential items. 

b. failure to use proper visual signals. 

c. failure to check or properly adjust controls. 

d. failure to follow proper procedure for checking towline 

hookup and release mechanism. 

e. hazards of failing to review takeoff emergency 

procedures. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains the before takeoff 

check from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to the before 

takeoff check. 
1-21 FAA-S-8081-8B 

B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to a 

normal and crosswind takeoff by describing— 

a. glider configuration and positioning on the runway. 

b. initial positioning of controls. 

c. use of proper pre-launch and launch visual signals. 

d. directional control during takeoff roll. 

e. crosswind control technique. 

f. proper lift-off attitude, maintenance of alignment with the 

towplane, and climbout technique. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

a normal and crosswind takeoff by describing— 

a. improper glider configuration. 

b. improper initial positioning of flight controls. 

c. use of improper visual signals. 

d. failure to maintain alignment behind towplane before 

towplane becomes airborne. 

e. improper position relative to towplane during liftoff. 

f. improper glider position, in crosswind, after towplane 

becomes airborne. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a normal or 

crosswind takeoff from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a normal or 

crosswind takeoff. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-22

C. TASK: MAINTAINING TOW POSITIONS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

maintaining tow positions by describing— 

a. high tow and low tow, including purpose, recognition, and 

control technique for each. 

b. wake turbulence associated with towplane. 

c. proper technique for transitioning between high-tow and 

low-tow positions. 

d. proper technique for performing turns on tow. 

e. over-control and under-control while on tow. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

maintaining tow positions by describing— 

a. faulty technique with regard to proper vertical and lateral 

positions during high tow and low tow. 

b. faulty technique during transition between high tow and 

low tow. 

c. inadvertent entry into towplane wake turbulence. 

d. initiation of a turn too early or at an angle of bank greater 

than that of the towplane. 

e. initiation of a turn too late or at an angle of bank less than 

that of the towplane. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains maintaining tow 

positions from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to maintaining 

tow positions. 
1-23 FAA-S-8081-8B 

D. TASK: SLACK LINE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

slack line by describing— 

a. situations that lead to development of slack line. 

b. hazards of slack line. 

c. techniques, which can be used to correct slack line in 

various situations. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

slack line by describing— 

a. failure to take corrective action at the first indication of 

slack line development. 

b. use of an improper technique to correct slack line. 

c. a faulty corrective technique, which can result in 

excessive stress on towline, weak link, and glider 

structure. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains slack line from an 

instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to slack line. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-24

E. TASK: BOXING THE WAKE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

boxing the wake by describing— 

a. performance of a rectangular pattern that keeps glider 

slightly outside the wake. 

b. proper control technique and coordination. 

c. importance of maintaining a taut towline. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

boxing the wake by describing— 

a. performance of an excessively large rectangle (moving 

too far from the wake). 

b. inappropriate control coordination and technique. 

c. abrupt or rapid changes of position. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains boxing the wake 

from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to boxing the 

wake. 
1-25 FAA-S-8081-8B 

F. TASK: TOW RELEASE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

tow release by describing— 

a. why release should be accomplished with normal tension 

on towline. 

b. advisability of ensuring that area is clear of other aircraft 

prior to release. 

c. clearing turn, which should be made by glider and 

towplane immediately after release. 

d. situations when an immediate release should be 

accomplished. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

tow release by describing— 

a. lack of tension on the towline. 

b. failure to clear area prior to release. 

c. failure to make proper turn after release. 

d. release in close proximity to aircraft other than towplane. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains tow release from 

an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to tow release. 

G. TASK: ABNORMAL OCCURRENCES

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of elements related to abnormal occurrences by 

describing: 

1. Why glider pilot and towplane pilot should agree on a course 

of action prior to flight. 

2. Proper glider pilot response in the event of— 

a. towplane power loss during takeoff. 

b. towline break. 

c. towplane power failure at altitude. 

d. glider release failure. 

e. glider and towplane release failure. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-26

GROUND TOW (AUTO OR WINCH) 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

H. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

the before takeoff check by describing— 

a. reason for performing each checklist item. 

b. establishment, with crewmembers, of a proper course of 

action, including visual signals, speeds, wind, and 

emergency procedures. 

c. proper procedure for setting altimeter, checking and 

adjusting controls, and closing and securing canopy(ies). 

d. use of the appropriate hitch for the type of launch to be 

conducted. 

e. proper procedure for checking towline hookup and 

release mechanism. 

f. importance of reviewing takeoff emergency procedures. 

g. method used for ensuring adequate clearance from other 

traffic. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

the before takeoff check by describing— 

a. omission or improper accomplishment of essential items. 

b. failure to use proper visual signals. 

c. failure to check or properly adjust controls. 

d. failure to follow the proper procedure for checking the 

towline hookup and release mechanism. 

e. hazards of failure to review takeoff emergency 

procedures. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains the before takeoff 

check from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to the before 

takeoff check. 
1-27 FAA-S-8081-8B 

I. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to a 

normal and crosswind takeoff by describing— 

a. proper calculation of launch airspeed. 

b. glider configuration and positioning on the runway. 

c. initial positioning of controls. 

d. use of proper pre-launch and launch visual signals. 

e. directional control during takeoff roll. 

f. crosswind control technique. 

g. pitch attitude and groundtrack during climb. 

h. proper technique for making adjustments of airspeed and 

for porpoising. 

i. proper towline release technique. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

a normal and crosswind takeoff by describing— 

a. improper glider configuration. 

b. improper initial positioning of flight controls. 

c. use of improper visual signals. 

d. improper crosswind technique. 

e. improper climb profile. 

f. faulty corrective action for adjustment of airspeed and 

porpoising. 

g. exceeding maximum launch airspeed. 

h. improper towline release technique and timing. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a normal or a 

crosswind takeoff from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a normal or 

a crosswind takeoff. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-28

J. TASK: ABNORMAL OCCURRENCES 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of elements related to abnormal occurrences by 

describing: 

1. Why the glider pilot and crewmembers should agree on a 

course of action prior to launch. 

2. Proper glider pilot response in the event of— 

a. overrunning the towline. 

b. launch power failure or towline break. 

c. inability to release towline. 

d. porpoising. 

3. Methods for emergency release or severance of towline. 
1-29 FAA-S-8081-8B 

SELF-LAUNCH 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

K. TASK: ENGINE STARTING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of engine 

starting by describing— 

a. importance of using the appropriate checklist. 

b. safety precautions related to engine starting. 

c. effect of atmospheric conditions on engine starting. 

d. starting procedure, as appropriate. 

e. adjustment of engine controls during start. 

f. prevention of glider movement during and after engine 

start. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

engine starting by describing— 

a. failure to use or improper use of the checklist. 

b. improper or unsafe starting procedure. 

c. excessively high RPM after starting. 

d. failure to ensure proper clearance of propeller. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains engine starting 

from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to engine 

starting. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-30

L. TASK: TAXIING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

taxiing by describing— 

a. proper brake check and correct use of brakes. 

b. compliance with airport surface markings, signals, and 

clearances. 

c. how to control direction and speed. 

d. control positioning for various wind conditions. 

e. techniques used to avoid other aircraft and hazards, 

considering wingspan and maneuvering space required. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the common errors related 

to taxiing by describing— 

a. improper use of brakes. 

b. failure to comply with markings, signals, or clearances. 

c. hazards of taxiing too fast. 

d. improper positioning of flight controls for various wind 

conditions. 

e. failure to consider wingspan and space required to 

maneuver during taxiing. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains taxiing from an 

instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to taxiing. 
1-31 FAA-S-8081-8B 

M. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the before takeoff check 

by describing— 

a. positioning glider to avoid creating hazards. 

b. division of attention inside and outside the cockpit. 

c. importance of following a checklist and responding to 

each item. 

d. reasons for ensuring suitable engine temperatures and 

pressures for run-up and takeoff. 

e. method used to determine that the glider is in a safe 

operating condition. 

f. importance of reviewing takeoff performance airspeeds, 

expected takeoff distances, wind, and emergency 

procedures. 

g. methods for ensuring that takeoff area is free of hazards. 

h. methods of ensuring adequate clearance from other 

traffic. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

the before takeoff check by describing— 

a. improper positioning of the glider. 

b. failure to use or improper use of the checklist. 

c. acceptance of marginal engine performance. 

d. improper check of flight controls. 

e. hazards of failure to review takeoff and emergency 

procedures. 

f. failure to check for hazards and other traffic. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains the before takeoff 

check from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to the before 

takeoff check. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-32

N. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND 

CLIMB

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to a 

normal and crosswind takeoff and climb by describing— 

a. alignment with takeoff path. 

b. initial positioning of flight controls. 

c. power application. 

d. directional control during acceleration on the surface. 

e. crosswind control technique during acceleration on the 

surface. 

f. lift-off attitude and airspeed. 

g. climb attitude, power setting, and airspeed. 

h. crosswind correction and track during climb. 

i. use of checklist, as appropriate. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

a normal and crosswind takeoff and climb by describing— 

a. improper initial positioning of flight controls. 

b. improper power application. 

c. inappropriate removal of hand from throttle. 

d. poor directional control. 

e. improper use of ailerons. 

f. improper pitch attitude during liftoff. 

g. failure to establish and maintain proper climb attitude and 

airspeed. 

h. drift during climb. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a normal or 

crosswind takeoff and climb from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a normal or 

crosswind takeoff and climb. 
1-33 FAA-S-8081-8B 

O. TASK: ENGINE SHUTDOWN IN FLIGHT 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

engine shutdown in flight by describing— 

a. establishment of manufacturer’s recommended power 

setting to ensure engine cooling prior to shutdown. 

b. establishment of appropriate airspeed. 

c. shutdown of unnecessary electrical equipment, if 

appropriate. 

d. manufacturer’s recommended propeller feathering, 

positioning, and stowing procedure. 

e. selection of proper static source, if appropriate. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

engine shutdown in flight by describing— 

a. failure to set engine at idle for the specified period of time. 

b. initiation of feathering procedure at an inappropriate 

airspeed. 

c. failure to follow manufacturer’s recommended propeller 

feathering, positioning, and stowing procedure. 

d. improper setting of electrical equipment. 

e. failure to maintain positive aircraft control while performing 

engine shutdown procedures. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains engine shutdown 

in flight from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to engine 

shutdown in flight. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-34

P. TASK: ENGINE RESTART IN FLIGHT 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

engine restart in flight by describing— 

a. establishment of the proper airspeed. 

b. altitude available to consider restart. 

c. manufacturer’s propeller repositioning and unfeathering 

procedure. 

d. operation of engine controls. 

e. procedure for starting engine by starter or by windmilling. 

f. proper engine warm-up procedure. 

g. selection of proper static source, if appropriate. 

h. proper setting of electrical equipment. 

i. proper adjustment of propeller pitch. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

engine restart in flight by describing— 

a. failure to establish recommended airspeed. 

b. performance of improper propeller repositioning and 

unfeathering procedure. 

c. failure to properly operate engine controls. 

d. failure to follow prescribed procedure for starting engine 

by starter or windmilling. 

e. improper procedure for warm-up. 

f. improper setting of electrical equipment. 

g. failure to maintain positive aircraft control while performing 

engine restart procedures. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains engine restart in 

flight from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to engine 

restart in flight. 
1-35 FAA-S-8081-8B 

Q. TASK: ABNORMAL OCCURRENCES 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to abnormal occurrences by 

describing recommended pilot action for: 

1. Partial or complete power failure or failure to gain restart. 

2. Smoke or fire during ground or flight operations. 

3. Loss of engine oil pressure. 

4. Low fuel pressure. 

5. Engine overheat. 

6. Electrical system malfunction. 

7. Canopy opening in flight. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-36

LANDINGS 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

R. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND LANDING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to a 

normal and crosswind landing by describing— 

a. obstructions and other hazards, which should be 

considered. 

b. how to determine wind speed and direction. 

c. proper glidepath to the selected touchdown area, at the 

recommended airspeed. 

d. proper use of flaps, spoilers, and dive brakes. 

e. coordination of flight controls and use of trim. 

f. crosswind control technique. 

g. timing, judgment, and control technique during roundout 

and touchdown. 

h. directional control after touchdown. 

i. appropriate wing attitude and proper use of brakes after 

touchdown. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

a normal and crosswind landing by describing— 

a. poor judgment of glidepath and improper use of flaps, 

spoilers, and dive brakes. 

b. rough, hesitant, or uncoordinated control technique. 

c. improper airspeed control. 

d. improper correction for crosswind. 

e. improper technique during roundout and touchdown. 

f. poor directional control after touchdown. 

g. improper use of brakes. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a normal or a 

crosswind landing from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a normal or 

a crosswind landing. 
1-37 FAA-S-8081-8B 

S. TASK: SLIPS TO LANDING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

slips to landing by describing— 

a. forward, side, and turning slips, with and without the use 

of drag devices. 

b. obstacles and other hazards, which should be considered. 

c. possible airspeed indication errors. 

d. proper control usage and crosswind technique. 

e. timing, judgment, and control technique during transition 

from slip to touchdown. 

f. directional control after touchdown. 

g. appropriate wing attitude and proper use of brakes after 

touchdown. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

slips to landing by describing— 

a. failure to establish recommended glider configuration. 

b. failure to use proper technique to achieve touchdown 

accuracy. 

c. rough, hesitant, or uncoordinated use of controls. 

d. improper correction for crosswind. 

e. improper technique during roundout and touchdown. 

f. poor directional control after touchdown. 

g. improper use of brakes. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a slip to landing 

(without use of drag devices) from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a slip to 

landing.
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-38

T. TASK: DOWNWIND LANDING

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to a 

downwind landing by describing— 

a. obstructions and other hazards, which should be 

considered. 

b. windspeed above which a downwind landing should not 

be attempted. 

c. length of the final approach compared with that of a 

normal landing. 

d. proper glidepath to selected touchdown area, at the 

recommended airspeed. 

e. proper use of flaps, spoilers, and dive brakes to achieve 

accuracy of touchdown. 

f. coordination of flight controls and use of trim. 

g. appropriate correction for wind. 

h. timing, judgment, and control technique during roundout 

and touchdown. 

i. directional control after touchdown. 

j. appropriate wing attitude and proper use of brakes after 

touchdown. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

a downwind landing by describing— 

a. poor judgment of glidepath and the improper use of flaps, 

spoilers, and dive brakes. 

b. rough, hesitant, or uncoordinated use of controls. 

c. unintentional slowing of airspeed due to higher 

groundspeed. 

d. improper correction for wind. 

e. improper technique during roundout and touchdown. 

f. poor directional control after touchdown. 

g. improper use of brakes. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a downwind 

landing from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a downwind 

landing. 
1-39 FAA-S-8081-8B 

VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: STRAIGHT GLIDES 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

straight glides by describing— 

a. pitch attitude and airspeed. 

b. establishment and maintenance of a precise ground track. 

c. effect of flaps, spoilers, and dive brakes. 

d. use of smooth and coordinated control applications. 

e. use of trim. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

straight glides by describing— 

a. rough or erratic pitch attitude and airspeed control. 

b. failure to establish and maintain proper wind drift 

correction. 

c. effect of improper use of controls when using flaps, 

spoilers, and dive brakes. 

d. rough, uncoordinated, or inappropriate control 

applications. 

e. failure to trim or improper use of trim. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains straight glides 

from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to straight 

glides. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-40

B. TASK: TURNS TO HEADINGS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23; 

Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

turns to headings by describing— 

a. proper pitch attitude, angle of bank, and airspeed. 

b. roll-in and roll-out technique. 

c. changes in lift, drag, and load factor. 

d. adverse yaw. 

e. use of smooth and coordinated control applications. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

turns to headings by describing— 

a. rough or uncoordinated use of controls during roll-in and 

roll-out. 

b. failure to establish desired angle of bank. 

c. lack of precision in completion of a turn to a heading. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains turns to headings 

from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to turns to 

headings. 
1-41 FAA-S-8081-8B 

IX. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE AIRSPEEDS 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: MINIMUM SINK AIRSPEED 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

minimum sink airspeed by describing— 

a. related aerodynamic factors. 

b. use of this speed. 

c. establishment and maintenance of this speed. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

minimum sink airspeed by describing— 

a. incorrect determination of this speed. 

b. rough or erratic pitch attitude and airspeed control. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains minimum sink 

airspeed from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to minimum 

sink airspeed. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-42

B. TASK: SPEED-TO-FLY 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

speed-to-fly by describing— 

a. factors related to the determination of speed-to-fly. 

b. use of this speed. 

c. establishment and maintenance of this speed for a given 

situation. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

speed-to-fly by describing— 

a. improper determination of this speed. 

b. rough or erratic pitch attitude and airspeed control. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains speed-to-fly from 

an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to speed-to-fly. 
1-43 FAA-S-8081-8B 

X. AREA OF OPERATION: SOARING TECHNIQUES 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. The TASK 

selected will be appropriate to the geographical location and existing 

atmospheric conditions. If conditions do not permit a demonstration of 

soaring skills, applicants will be expected to demonstrate satisfactory 

instructional knowledge of the selected TASK through oral testing. 

A. TASK: THERMAL SOARING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

thermal soaring by describing— 

a. the process by which thermals are produced. 

b. recognition of the presence of a thermal. 

c. initial entry into a thermal. 

d. analysis of a thermal’s structure and determination of the 

direction of turn to remain within a thermal. 

e. coordinated use of controls and proper planning to remain 

within a thermal. 

f. importance of maintaining orientation with ground 

references, wind, and other aircraft. 

g. importance of maintaining proper airspeeds in and 

between thermals. 

h. use of proper techniques to re-enter a thermal. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

thermal soaring by describing— 

a. failure to maintain proper airspeeds in and between 

thermals. 

b. poor division of attention resulting in failure to recognize 

when entering or flying out of a thermal. 

c. improper technique during initial entry into a thermal. 

d. faulty control coordination and planning to remain within a 

thermal. 

e. faulty division of attention in maintaining orientation with 

ground references and wind. 

f. failure to properly scan for other aircraft. 

g. poor planning and technique when attempting to re-enter 

a thermal. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains thermal soaring 

from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to thermal 

soaring. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-44

B. TASK: RIDGE AND SLOPE SOARING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

ridge and slope soaring by describing— 

a. terrain features and wind conditions that create 

orographic lift. 

b. importance of an accurate estimate of terrain height. 

c. initial entry into an area of lift. 

d. importance of smooth, precise, and coordinated use of 

controls. 

e. maintenance of a safe lateral distance from the terrain. 

f. use of proper techniques to re-enter an area of lift. 

g. procedures for approaching and crossing ridges. 

h. importance of planning to fly within a safe gliding distance 

of an acceptable landing area. 

i. maintenance of orientation with ground references and 

other aircraft. 

j. importance of being constantly alert for changing weather 

conditions. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

ridge and slope soaring by describing— 

a. hazards of approaching the ridge or slope lift area at 

approximately a 90° angle or from the downwind side. 

b. failure to maintain proper airspeed while in the area of lift. 

c. poor division of attention resulting in failure to promptly 

recognize when leaving the area of lift or entering a high 

sink area. 

d. poor control coordination. 

e. poor division of attention in maintaining orientation with 

ground references and wind. 

f. failure to properly scan for other aircraft. 

g. failure to plan the flight so an acceptable landing area is 

within gliding distance. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains ridge and slope 

soaring from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to ridge and 

slope soaring. 
1-45 FAA-S-8081-8B 

C. TASK: WAVE SOARING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

wave soaring by describing— 

a. terrain and weather conditions that create standing 

waves. 

b. location of and technique for entering an area of lift. 

c. importance of smooth, precise, and coordinated use of 

controls. 

d. use of proper techniques to re-enter an area of lift. 

e. maintenance of orientation with ground references and 

other aircraft. 

f. recognition of rotor and wave turbulence. 

g. coordination with air traffic control, as appropriate. 

h. maintenance of proper airspeeds. 

i. importance of being constantly alert for changing weather 

conditions. 

j. importance of having proper equipment and training for 

high altitude flight. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

wave soaring by describing— 

a. erratic airspeed control while in the turbulence of a rotor. 

b. failure to maintain proper airspeed while in an area of lift. 

c. rough control technique. 

d. poor division of attention resulting in failure to promptly 

recognize when leaving an area of lift or entering a high 

sink area. 

e. faulty control coordination and planning to remain within 

the area of lift. 

f. poor division of attention in maintaining orientation with 

ground references and wind. 

g. failure to properly scan for other aircraft. 

h. failure to have proper equipment and training for high 

altitude flight. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains wave soaring 

from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to wave 

soaring.
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-46

XI. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: STEEP TURNS 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

steep turns by describing— 

a. relationship of bank angle, load factor, and stalling speed. 

b. overbanking tendency. 

c. establishment of the recommended entry airspeed. 

d. orientation, division of attention, and planning. 

e. coordination of flight controls. 

f. entry and roll-out technique. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

steep turns by describing— 

a. uncoordinated use of flight controls. 

b. loss of orientation. 

c. unintentional stall or spin. 

d. excessive deviation from desired heading during roll-out. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains steep turns from 

an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to steep turns. 
1-47 FAA-S-8081-8B 

B. TASK: RECOVERY FROM A SPIRAL DIVE 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; Soaring Flight 

Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

recovery from a spiral dive by describing— 

a. conditions that cause high-speed spirals. 

b. recognition of situation when a spiral dive is developing. 

c. procedures for recovery from a high-speed spiral dive. 

d. importance of using smooth control applications during 

recovery. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

recovery from a spiral dive by describing— 

a. failure to recognize when a spiral dive is developing. 

b. rough, abrupt, and/or uncoordinated control applications 

during recovery. 

c. improper sequence of control applications. 

d. potential consequences from delaying recovery. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains recovery from a 

spiral dive from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to recovery 

from a spiral dive. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-48

XIl. AREA OF OPERATION: SLOW FLIGHT, STALLS, 

AND SPINS 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK. 

A. TASK: MANEUVERING AT MINIMUM CONTROL 

AIRSPEED 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

maneuvering at minimum control airspeed by describing— 

a. establishment and maintenance of appropriate airspeed. 

b. flight characteristics to include controllability. 

c. importance of maintaining an appropriate airspeed in 

turbulent air or as bank is increased. 

d. importance of smooth, coordinated control applications. 

e. proper technique for avoiding a stall when raising a 

lowered wing. 

f. recovery to desired airspeed. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

maneuvering at minimum control airspeed by describing— 

a. failure to establish or to maintain slow airspeed, as 

requested. 

b. improper use of trim. 

c. rough or uncoordinated use of controls. 

d. lack of pilot recognition of the first indications of a stall. 

e. failure to use proper technique to avoid a stall in turbulent 

air or during a turn. 

f. faulty technique when raising a lowered wing. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains maneuvering at 

minimum control airspeed from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to 

maneuvering at minimum control airspeed. 
1-49 FAA-S-8081-8B 

B. TASK: STALL RECOGNITION AND RECOVERY 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

stall recognition and recovery by describing— 

a. aerodynamics of stalls. 

b. relationship of various factors, such as weight, center of 

gravity, load factor, flaps, spoilers, dive brakes, and angle 

of bank to stalls. 

c. flight situations where unintentional stalls may occur. 

d. recognition of the first indications of a stall. 

e. performance of stalls in various configurations. 

f. entry technique and minimum entry altitude. 

g. coordination of flight controls. 

h. recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

stall recognition and recovery by describing— 

a. failure to establish the specified configuration prior to 

entry. 

b. improper pitch, heading, and bank control during straightahead stalls. 

c. improper pitch and bank control during turning stalls. 

d. rough or uncoordinated control technique. 

e. failure to recognize the first indications of a stall. 

f. failure to achieve a stall. 

g. poor stall recognition and delayed recovery. 

h. excessive altitude loss, excessive speed, or secondary 

stall during recovery. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains stall recognition 

and recovery from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to stall 

recognition and recovery. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-50

C. TASK: SPINS 

NOTE: At the discretion of the examiner, a logbook record 

attesting applicant instructional competency in spin entries, spins, 

and spin recoveries may be accepted in lieu of this TASK. Logbook 

record shall be certified by the flight instructor who conducted the 

spin instruction. 

REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 23; FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; 

Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

spins by describing— 

a. aerodynamics of spins. 

b. gliders approved for the spin maneuver based on the 

airworthiness category and type certificate. 

c. relationship of various factors, such as configuration, 

weight, center of gravity, and control coordination to spins. 

d. flight situations where unintentional spins may occur. 

e. how to recognize and recover from imminent, 

unintentional spins. 

f. entry technique and minimum entry altitude for intentional 

spins. 

g. control technique to maintain a spin. 

h. orientation during a spin. 

i. recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude for 

intentional spins. 

j. anxiety factors associated with spin instruction. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

spins by describing— 

a. hazards of attempting to spin a glider not approved for 

spins. 

b. failure to establish proper configuration prior to spin entry. 

c. failure to recognize indications leading to a spin. 

d. failure to achieve and maintain a stall during spin entry. 

e. improper use of flight controls during spin entry, rotation, 

or recovery. 

f. disorientation during a spin. 

g. failure to distinguish between a high-speed spiral and a 

spin. 

h. excessive speed or accelerated stall during recovery. 

i. failure to recover with minimum loss of altitude. 

 
1-51 FAA-S-8081-8B 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a spin from an 

instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a spin. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-52

XlII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS 

NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.

A. TASK: SIMULATED OFF-AIRPORT LANDING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9, FAA-H-8083-13; FAA-S-8081-22, 

FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

NOTE: This landing will be performed at an established airport. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to a 

simulated off-airport landing by describing— 

a. selection of a suitable landing area. 

b. obstacles and other hazards to be considered. 

c. how to estimate wind speed and direction. 

d. planning and execution of the approach to the selected 

landing area without use of the altimeter. 

e. techniques that can be used to compensate for 

undershooting or overshooting selected landing area. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

a simulated off-airport landing by describing— 

a. improper airspeed control. 

b. poor judgment in the selection of a landing area. 

c. failure to properly estimate wind speed and direction 

d. failure to fly the most suitable pattern for existing situation. 

e. undershooting or overshooting selected landing area. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a simulated offairport landing from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to a simulated 

off-airport landing. 
1-53 FAA-S-8081-8B 

B. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR 

REFERENCES: FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23; Soaring Flight 

Manual; Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional 

knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and 

survival gear, appropriate to the glider used for the practical test, by 

describing: 

1. Location in the glider. 

2. Method of operation or use. 

3. Servicing and storage. 

4. Inspection, fitting, and use of parachutes. 

5. Equipment and gear appropriate for operation in various 

climates and over various types of terrain. 
FAA-S-8081-8B 1-54

XlV. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES 

TASK: AFTER-LANDING AND SECURING 

REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-9; FAA-S-8081-22, FAA-S-8081-23; 

Glider Flight Manual. 

Objective. To determine that the applicant: 

1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to 

after-landing and securing by describing— 

a. clearing of the runway/landing area. 

b. taxi and engine shutdown procedures, as appropriate. 

c. parking and securing procedure. 

d. postflight inspection. 

e. refueling, as appropriate. 

2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to 

after-landing and securing by describing— 

a. hazards of failure to follow recommended procedures. 

b. poor planning and judgment in the performance of afterlanding procedures. 

3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains after-landing and 

securing from an instructional standpoint. 

4. Analyzes and corrects common errors related to after-landing 

and securing.