### 1 

### MEMORANDUM
**TO:** CISWI RECONSIDERATION DOCKET **FROM:** AMY LAMSON, RISK AND BENEFITS GROUP **SUBJECT:** HEALTH BENEFITS FOR CISWI RECONSIDERATION PROP OSAL **DATE:** 12/9/2011

Due to time limitations under the court

- ordered schedule, we were unable to fully update the RIA for the CISWI reconsideration proposal

. We provide this memo to the docket as documentation of the estimated health benefits to support the preamble and the communication materials

. These health benefits were calculated using the methodology described in the final CISWI RIA, which is available at http://www.epa.gov/ttnecas1/regdata/RIAs/CISWIRIAfinal110221_psg2.pdf, using the revised emission reductions estima ted for the reconsideration proposal

. We were unable to estimate the benefits from reducing exposure to HAPs and ozone, ecosystem impairment, and visibility impairment, including reducing 22 ,000 tons of carbon monoxide, 590 tons of HCl, 3.1 tons of lead , 1.6 tons of cadmium, 290 pounds of mercury, and 94 grams of dioxins/furans . Please refer to the full description in the final CISWI RIA of the unquantified benefits as well as analysi s limitations and uncertainties

. These monetized benefits are approximate ly 4% lower than the final CISWI NSPS due to the slight decrease in emission reductions of PM 2.5

### , SO 2

### , and NOx

.

**Table 1: Summary of Monetized Benefits Estimates for**  **CISWI Reconsideration Proposal**  **in 2015**  **(2008$)**

**Pollutant Emissions** 

**Reductions (tons)**  **Benefit**

**per ton (Pope,**  **3%) Benefit** 

**per ton (Laden,**  **3%) Benefit** 

**per ton (Pope,**  **7%) Benefit** 

**per ton (Laden,**  **7%) Total Monetized** 

**Benefits (millions 2008$ at 3%)**  **Total Monetized**

**Benefits (millions 2008$ at 7%)** 
Direct PM 2.5 670 $230,000 $560,000 $210,000 $500,000 $150 to $370 $140 to $340 PM 2.5 Precursors SO 2 5,033 $29,000 $72,000 $27,000 $65,000 $150 to $360 $130 to $330 NO 2 5,405 $4,900 $12,000 $4,400 $11,000 $26.0 to $64.0 $24.0 to $58.0 **Total $330**  **to $800**  **$300 to**  **$720**

* All estimates are for the implementation year (201 5 ), and are rounded to two significant figures so numbers may not sum across columns. These models assume that all fine particles, regardless of their chemical composition, are equally potent in causing prematu re mortality because the scientific evidence is not yet sufficient to allow differentiation of effect estimates by particle type. The benefit per ton estimates vary because each ton of precursor reduced has a different propensity to become PM 2.5 . The monet ized benefits incorporate the conversion from precursor emissions to ambient fine particles. These estimates do not include benefits from reducing HAP emissions or ozone benefits

.

### 2 **Table 2: Summary of Estimated Reductions in Health Incidences from PM**  **2.5** 

### for the

**CISWI Reconsideration Proposal**  **in 2015**  ***** **Avoided Premature Mortality** Pope et al. 37 Laden et al. 94 **Avoided Morbidity** Chronic Bronchitis 25 Acute Myocardial Infarction 59 Hospital Admissions, Respiratory 9 Hospital Admissions, Cardiovascular 19 Emergency Room Visits, Respiratory 35 Acute Bronchitis 59 Work Loss Days 4,900 Asthma Exacerbation 650 MRAD 29,000 Lower Respiratory Symptoms 710 Upper Respiratory Symptoms 530

* All estimates are for the analysis year (201 5 ) and are rounded to whole numbers with two significant figures. These models assume that all fine particles, regardless of their chemical composition, are equally potent in causing premature mortality because the scientific evidence is not yet sufficient to allow differentia tion of effect estimates by particle type. These estimates do not include benefi ts from reducing HAP emissions and ozone exposure, nor energy disbenefits associated with the increased emissions from additional energy usage. 

### Figure 1: Breakdown of Monetiz**ed Benefits by Subcategory** 

Energy recover unit

- solids 71% Energy recovery unit

- liquid/gas 13% Incinerator

3% Small, remote unit 0.02% Waste

- burning kiln 13%

### Figure 2: Total Monetized PM **2.5** 

### Benefits Estimates for the

$0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200



### Pope et al.Millions(2008$)

Benefits estimates derived from 2 epidemiology functions and 12 expert functions

3% DR 7% DR



### 3 **Benefits Estimates for the CISWI**  **Reconsideration Proposal in 2015**

Laden et al.

Benefits estimates derived from 2 epidemiology functions and 12 expert functions