NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS

Chartbook of

Degrees

Conferred,

1969-70 to

1993-94

U. S. Department of Education

Office of Educational Research and Improvement NCES 98-071
NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS

Chartbook of

Degrees

Conferred,

1969-70 to

1993-94

Thomas D. Snyder

Project Officer

U. S. Department of Education

Office of Educational Research and Improvement NCES 98-071
2

U.S. Department of Education

Richard W. Riley

Secretary

Office of Educational Research and Improvement

Ricky Takai

Acting Assistant Secretary

National Center for Education Statistics

Pascal D. Forgione, Jr.

Commissioner

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for

collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and

other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full

and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and

publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics;

assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and review

and report on education activities in foreign countries.

NCES activities are designed to address high priority education data needs; provide

consistent, reliable, complete, and accurate indicators of education status and trends; and

report timely, useful, and high quality data to the U.S. Department of Education, the

Congress, the states, other education policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the

general public.

We strive to make our products available in a variety of formats and in language that is

appropriate to a variety of audiences. You, as our customer, are the best judge of our

success in communicating information effectively. If you have any comments or

suggestions about this or any other NCES product or report, we would like to hear from

you. Please direct your comments to:

National Center for Education Statistics

Office of Educational Research and Improvement

U.S. Department of Education

555 New Jersey Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20208–5651

December 1997

The NCES World Wide Web Home Page address is http://nces.ed.gov

Suggested Citation

U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Chartbook of

Degrees Conferred, 1969-70 to 1993-94, NCES 98-071, Thomas D. Snyder, Project

Officer.. Washington DC: 1997.

Contact:

Charlene M. Hoffman

(202) 219-1688
iii

Acknowledgements

Many people have contributed in one way or

another to the development of Chartbook of Degrees

Conferred, 1969–70 to 1993–94. Thomas D. Snyder

served as project manager and designed the report.

Charlene M. Hoffman managed the production of the

statistical tables. Claire Geddes managed the production of the charts and text. Celestine Davis provided statistical support of all phases of the report’s

production. The report was prepared under the

general direction of Mary Frase, Acting Associate

Commissioner for the National Center for Education

Statistics (NCES).

Many individuals outside the Center also expended

large amounts of time and effort on this report. From

CSR Consultants, Carla Clacomb prepared the text

and Stacey Hudson prepared the graphics. Linda

Shafer and Bill Scarbrough of CSR Consultants, reviewed the entire document. Robert Craig of Pinkerton Computer Consultants, Inc., provided computer

support. Louise Woerner, Barbara Robinson,

Jeannette Bernardo, Patty Barkeloo, Theodore Willis,

and Jeffrey Sisson of HCR provided research assistance. In the Office of Educational Research and

Improvement, Phil Carr designed the cover. Jerry

Fairbanks of the U.S. Government Printing Office

managed the typesetting.

Chartbook of Degrees Conferred, 1969–70 to

1993–94 has received extensive reviews by

individuals within and outside the Department of

Education. We wish to thank them for their time and

expert advice. In the Office of Educational Research

and Improvement (OERI), Patricia Q. Brown and

Frank Morgan reviewed the entire manuscript. Technical reviews were done by Mike Cohen of the National Center for Education Statistics and Ellen

Bradburn of the Education Statistics Services Institute.

v

Contents

Page

Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... iii

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... xi

Highlights .................................................................................................................................. xi

Figures

Overview

1.1. White and minority resident populations as percents of the 18- to 29-year-old

population: 1980 to 1994 ............................................................................................ 1

1.2. U.S. resident population age 18 to 29, by sex: 1970 to 1994 ....................................... 2

1.3. Percent of associate degrees conferred to resident students, by minority status:

1977 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 3

1.4. Percent of associate degrees conferred, by sex: 1970 to 1994 .................................... 4

1.5. Percent of bachelor’s degrees conferred to resident students, by minority status:

1977 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 5

1.6. Percent of bachelor’s degrees conferred, by sex: 1970 to 1994 .................................. 6

1.7. Percent of master’s degrees conferred to resident students, by minority status:

1977 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 7

1.8. Percent of master’s degrees conferred, by sex: 1970 to 1994 ..................................... 8

1.9. Percent of doctor’s degrees conferred to resident students, by minority status:

1977 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 9

1.10. Percent of doctor’s degrees conferred, by sex: 1970 to 1994 ...................................... 10

Agriculture and Natural Resources

2.1. Number of degrees conferred in agriculture and natural resources, by degree level:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 11

2.2. Percent of degrees in agriculture and natural resources conferred to minorities, by

degree level: 1977 to 1994 ........................................................................................ 12

2.3. Percent of degrees in agriculture and natural resources conferred to women, by

degree level: 1970 to 1994 ........................................................................................ 13

Biological Sciences/Life Sciences

3.1. Number of degrees conferred in biological sciences/life sciences, by degree level:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 15

3.2. Percent of degrees in biological sciences/life sciences conferred to minorities,

by degree level: 1977 to 1994 ................................................................................... 16
vi CONTENTS

3.3. Percent of degrees in biological sciences/life sciences conferred to women,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ................................................................................... 17

3.4. Number of degrees conferred in biology, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ..................... 18

3.5. Number of degrees conferred in zoology, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 .................... 19

Business

4.1. Number of degrees conferred in business, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 .................. 21

4.2. Percent of degrees in business conferred to minorities,

by degree level: 1977 to 1994 ................................................................................... 22

4.3. Percent of degrees in business conferred to women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 . 23

4.4. Number of degrees conferred in business administration and management,

by degree level: 1971 to 1994 ................................................................................... 24

4.5. Number of degrees conferred in accounting, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ............... 25

Computer and Information Sciences

5.1. Number of degees conferred in computer and information sciences, by degree level:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 27

5.2. Percent of degrees in computer and information sciences conferred to minorities,

by degree level: 1977 to 1994 ................................................................................... 28

5.3. Percent of degrees in computer and information sciences conferred to women,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ................................................................................... 29

Education

6.1. Number of degrees conferred in education, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ................. 31

6.2. Percent of degrees in education conferred to minorities, by degree level:

1977 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 32

6.3. Percent of degrees in education conferred to women, by degree level:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 33

6.4. Number of degrees conferred in elementary education, by degree level:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 34

6.5. Number of degrees in conferred in teacher education,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ................................................................................... 35

Engineering

7.1. Number of degrees conferred in engineering, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ............. 37

7.2. Percent of degrees in engineering conferred to minorities, by degree level:

1977 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 38

7.3. Percent of degrees in engineering conferred to women, by degree level:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 39

7.4. Number of degrees conferred in electrical, electronics and communications

engineering, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 .............................................................. 40

7.5. Number of degrees conferred in mechanical engineering, by degree level:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 41
CONTENTS vii

Health Professions and Related Sciences

8.1. Number of degrees conferred in health professions and related sciences, by degree

level: 1970 to 1994 ..................................................................................................... 43

8.2. Percent of degrees in health professions and related sciences conferred to

minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994 .................................................................. 44

8.3. Percent of degrees in health professions and related sciences conferred to women,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ................................................................................... 45

8.4. Number of degrees conferred in nursing, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 .................... 46

8.5. Number of bachelor’s degrees conferred in health and medical laboratory technologies, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 .................................................................... 47

Mathematics

9.1. Number of degrees conferred in mathematics, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ............ 49

9.2. Percent of degrees in mathematics conferred to minorities, by degree level:

1977 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 50

9.3. Percent of degrees in mathematics conferred to women, by degree level:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 51

Physical Sciences and Science Technologies

10.1. Number of degrees conferred in physical sciences and science technologies,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ................................................................................... 53

10.2. Percent of degrees in physical sciences and science technologies conferred to

minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994 .................................................................. 54

10.3. Percent of degrees in physical sciences and science technologies conferred to

women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ...................................................................... 55

10.4. Number of degrees conferred in physics, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 .................... 56

10.5. Number of degrees conferred in chemistry, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ................. 57

Social Sciences and History

11.1. Number of degrees conferred in social sciences and history, by degree level:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 59

11.2. Percent of degrees in social sciences and history conferred to minorities, by degree

level: 1977 to 1994 ..................................................................................................... 60

11.3. Percent of degrees in social sciences and history conferred to women, by degree

level: 1970 to 1994 ..................................................................................................... 61

11.4. Number of degrees conferred in history, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ...................... 62

11.5. Number of degrees conferred in sociology, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 ................. 63

Professional Degrees

12.1. Number of first-professional degrees conferred, by field of study: 1970 to 1994 ......... 65

12.2. Percent of first-professional degrees conferred to minorities, by field of study:

1977 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 66

12.3. Percent of first-professional degrees conferred to women, by field of study:

1970 to 1994 .............................................................................................................. 67
viii CONTENTS

Tables

1. U.S. resident population ages 18 to 29, by sex and minority status: 1980 to 1994 ..... 71

2. Associate, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred to resident students,

and percent conferred by minority status: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94 ..... 71

3. Associate, bachelor’s, master’s, first-professional, and doctor’s degrees conferred,

and percent conferred by sex: 1969–70 to 1993–94 ................................................. 71

4. Bachelor’s, masters, doctor’s, and first-professional degrees conferred, by selected

fields of study: 1969–70 to 1993–94 .......................................................................... 72

5. Percent of bachelor’s, masters, first-professional, and doctor’s degrees conferred to

women, by selected fields of study: 1969–70 to 1993–94 ........................................ 76

6. Percent of bachelor’s, masters, doctor’s and first-professional degrees conferred to

resident minority students, by field of study: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94 . 78

7. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–94 ......................................................................... 79

8. Master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline

division: 1969–70 to 1993–94 .................................................................................... 84

9. Doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline

division: 1969–70 to 1993–94 .................................................................................... 89

10. Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic

group and sex of student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94 .............................. 94

11. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic

group and sex of student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94 .............................. 95

12. Master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group

and sex of student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94 ........................................ 96

13. Doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group

and sex of student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94 ........................................ 97

14. First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94 ........................ 98

15. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1969–70 ............................................... 99

16. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1970–71 ............................................... 106

17. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1971–72 ............................................... 113

18. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1972–73 ............................................... 120

19. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1973–74 ............................................... 127

20. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1974–75 ............................................... 134
CONTENTS ix

21. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1975–76 ............................................... 141

22. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1976–77 ............................................... 148

23. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1977–78 ............................................... 155

24. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1978–79 ............................................... 162

25. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1979–80 ............................................... 169

26. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1980–81 ............................................... 176

27. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1981–82 ............................................... 183

28. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1982–83 ............................................... 190

29. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1983–84 ............................................... 197

30. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1984–85 ............................................... 204

31. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1985–86 ............................................... 211

32. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1986–87 ............................................... 218

33. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1987–88 ............................................... 225

34. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1988–89 ............................................... 232

35. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1989–90 ............................................... 239

36. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1990–91 ............................................... 246

37. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1991–92 ............................................... 253

38. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1992–93 ............................................... 260

39. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1993–94 ............................................... 267

40. Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1994–95 ............................................... 274

xi

CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

Introduction

This Chartbook presents data from the Integrated

Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and

the Higher Education General Information Survey

(HEGIS), both conducted by the National Center for

Education Statistics. The HEGIS survey was conducted from 1966 until 1986 and collected a wide

range of higher education data including institutional

characteristics, faculty salaries, finances, enrollment,

and degrees. In 1986, HEGIS was replaced by

IPEDS, which continues to collect annual survey data

on institutional characteristics, fall enrollment, completions, finances, staff, salaries, and libraries.

The IPEDS surveys are distributed to all postsecondary institutions that are accredited by an

agency recognized by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education. Since all higher education institutions received survey forms, the data in this

Chartbook are not subject to sampling error. The

former HEGIS surveys were distributed only to higher

education institutions. To maintain comparability over

time, only data for higher education (4-year and 2-

year) institutions are analyzed in the report. One

source of error, though, is the error due to

nonresponse. The higher education component of

the 1994 IPEDS has a response rate of 97 percent,

so the error due to estimates for nonreporting institutions should be small. Table 40, which contains

1994–95 data, was added to the Chartbook just prior

to printing. However, the 1994–95 data are not integrated into the body of the report.

Highlights

To maintain comparability over time, only data for

higher education (4-year and 2-year) institutions are

analyzed in the report. Although the number of United States residents aged 18 to 29 peaked in 1983,

the number of associate, bachelor’s, and master’s

degrees earned by students increased between 1977

and 1994. It is not clear from the data presented

here if this increase may be attributed to a higher

percentage of 18- to 29-year-olds earning higher

education degrees, to a greater number of students

older than 29 receiving degrees during this time, or

both.

Other trends in the data presented in this

Chartbook are varied and complex. Some fields grew

quickly from 1970 to 1994, while others peaked and

declined. Women and minorities earned an increasingly larger percent of degrees in many important

areas, but made only small gains in others. Also,

women and minorities generally continued to earn

fewer than their share of doctoral degrees.

The general increase in the number of degrees

earned at all levels from the 1970s to 1994 was not

always consistent within individual fields of study. For

example, between 1970 and 1994 the number of

bachelor’s degrees earned in biological and life

sciences, education, social science, and agriculture

peaked in the 1970s, declined until the mid-or late1980s, and then began to recover. The number of

degrees earned across levels in business management and administrative services and law increased

consistently from 1970 to the mid-1990s. The number of bachelor’s degrees earned in computer

science and engineering peaked in the 1980s and

then declined continuously until 1992.

Although the percent of degrees earned by minority students increased steadily between 1970 and

1994, minority students were underrepresented

among degree recipients, particularly at higher degree levels. The percent of degrees earned by minority students increased while the minority percent of

the U.S. resident population was also increasing. For

example, minorities comprised 23 percent of the 18-

to 29-year-old resident population in 1981, but

earned 11 percent of bachelor’s, 11 percent of master’s, and 10 percent of doctor’s degrees in 1981. By

1994, minorities comprised 31 percent of the U.S.

population aged 18 to 29 and earned 17 percent of

bachelor’s, 15 percent of master’s, and 14 percent of

doctor’s degrees awarded that year. Comparing population to degree statistics, it becomes apparent that

many of the increases in percent of degrees earned

by minorities may be attributed to population increases.

The data concerning degrees earned by minority

students presented in this Chartbook should be interpreted cautiously given that the minority data do not

show trends in degrees earned by separate minority

subpopulations. The amalgamation of several minority subpopulations into one ‘‘minority’’ category may

mask differences in degree trends among minority

subpopulations, such as Asian Americans, African

Americans, and Hispanics. Data for these groups appear in the Appendix tables 10 through 14. Further-
xii INTRODUCTION

more, within these general racial/ethnic

subcategories, other differences exist; Puerto Rican

Americans may demonstrate different higher education trends than Mexican Americans, as may Taiwanese, Vietnamese, and Laotian Americans.

The status of women among higher education degree recipients is more clearly interpretable than that

of minorities. From the 1970s to 1994, women

earned an increasing share of degrees across degree levels and fields of study. By 1994, women

earned more than 50 percent of all associate, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees awarded. Among doctor’s degree recipients, the percent earned by women

increased from 13 percent in 1970 to 39 percent in

1994.

Within many fields of study and degree levels,

women earned more than 50 percent of all degrees

awarded in 1994. For example, women earned 51

percent of bachelor’s and 53 percent of master’s degrees awarded in biological sciences in 1994.

Women also continued to earn more than half of all

bachelor’s and master’s degrees in education and

health professions from 1984 to 1994. Women continued to be underrepresented within several fields of

study, however. From 1970 to 1994, women continued to earn less than 50 percent of all the degrees

in agriculture, business management and administrative services, engineering, computer science, mathematics, social sciences, and physical sciences.

Within first professional fields of study, women

continued to earn less than 50 percent of all degrees

awarded in law, dentistry, and medicine. Minority students made gains in the percent of degrees earned

in dentistry and medicine. The dentistry degrees

awarded to minority students were almost proportional to their representation in the population, comprising 31 percent of the U.S. resident population in

1994 and earning 27 percent of dentistry degrees.

The percent of degrees earned in law by minorities

increased at a slower rate than within medicine or

dentistry. As of 1994, minority students earned 26

percent of medical and 16 percent of law degrees.
OVERVIEW

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports PPL-21, P25-1095, and P25-917.

Minority

Between 1980 and 1994, minority resident subgroups, particularly Hispanics and Asians, increased at rates 

that outpaced increases among white residents in the United States. As such, the percent of the U.S. resident 

population that is minority steadily increased between 1980 and 1994. 

1

White, non-Hispanic

Figure 1.1: White and minority resident populations as percents

of the 18- to 29-year-old population: 1980 to 1994 x

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Year

Percent
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports PPL-21, P25-1095, and P25-917.

Male

Female

After an increase in the number of 18- to 29-year-old residents of the United States between 1970 and 1983, 

the number decreased between 1983 and 1994. After a peak of over 51 million in this age category in 1983, 

the number of 18- to 29-year-olds in the United States declined to 44 million in 1994. Although the 

differences are very small, the majority in this age category in the 1970s were female. From 1980 to 1994, 

the majority of 18- to 29-year-old U.S. residents were male. 

2

Figure 1.2: U.S. resident population age 18 to 29, by sex:

1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Year

Population (Millions)
OVERVIEW

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

White, non-Hispanic

Minority

From 1977 to 1994, the number of associate degrees earned by resident students rose among both whites 

and minorities. This increase was larger proportionally among minority students than among white 

students. As a result, a slightly larger percentage of associate degrees was earned by minority students in 

1994 than in 1977. 

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted.

3

Figure 1.3: Percent of associate degrees conferred to resident

students, by minority status: 1977 to 1994 x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Male

Female

From 1970 to 1994, women shifted from earning a minority to earning a majority of associate degrees. 

Whereas women earned 43 percent of all associate degrees awarded in 1970, they earned 59 percent of all 

associate degrees awarded in 1994. Conversely, males earned 41 percent of all associate degrees awarded in 

1994, a decrease from 57 percent in 1970. 

4

Figure 1.4: Percent of associate degrees conferred, by sex:

1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
OVERVIEW

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

White, non-Hispanic

Minority

The percent of bachelor's degrees awarded to minority students increased from 11 percent in 1977 to 17 

percent in 1994. Conversely, white students comprised a smaller percent of bachelor's degree recipients in 

1994 than in 1977.

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted.

5

Figure 1.5: Percent of bachelor's degrees conferred to resident

students, by minority status: 1977 to 1994 x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Male

Female

Although males earned 57 percent of all bachelor's degrees awarded in 1970, they earned 46 percent of all 

bachelor's degrees awarded in 1994. Conversely, females earned 55 percent of all bachelor's degrees 

awarded in 1994. From 1982 to 1994, females consistently earned more than 50 percent of all bachelor's 

degrees awarded each year.

6

Figure 1.6: Percent of bachelor's degrees conferred, by sex: 

1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
OVERVIEW

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

White, non-Hispanic

Minority

The percent of master's degrees awarded to minority students rose from 11 percent in 1977 to 15 percent 

in 1994. 

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted.

7

Figure 1.7: Percent of master's degrees conferred to resident

students, by minority status: 1977 to 1994 x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Male

Female

Females earned 40 percent of all master's degrees awarded in 1970, and this proportion increased to over 

half by 1981. Through the early 1980s, the percent of master's degrees earned by males and females was 

approximately equal, but from 1986 to 1994, females consistently earned more than half of all master's 

degrees awarded. 

8

Figure 1.8: Percent of master's degrees conferred,

by sex: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
OVERVIEW

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

White, non-Hispanic

Minority

The percent of doctor's degrees earned by resident minority students increased between 1977 and 1994. In 

1977, minority students earned 9 percent of all doctor's degrees awarded to resident students. By 1994, 

minority students earned 14 percent of all doctor's degrees awarded to U.S. residents.

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted.

9

Figure 1.9: Percent of doctor's degrees conferred to resident

students, by minority status: 1977 to 1994 x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Male

Female

Although males still earn a larger percentage of doctor's degrees than females, the gap closed considerably 

between 1970 and 1994. As of 1994, females earned 39 percent of all doctor's degrees awarded, an increase 

from 13 percent of all doctor's degrees awarded in 1970. 

10

Figure 1.10: Percent of doctor's degrees conferred, by sex:

1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

After a sharp increase of approximately 10,000 degrees earned between 1970 and 1980, the number of 

bachelor's degrees earned in agriculture and natural resources declined by 1990 to a level only slightly 

higher than in 1970. Between 1990 and 1994, another growth period began in the number of students 

earning bachelor's degrees in agriculture. The number of master's degrees earned in agriculture almost 

doubled between 1970 and 1994. The number of doctor's degrees earned, while generally increasing 

between 1970 and 1994, grew at a slower rate than the number of master's degrees.

11

Doctor's

Figure 2.1: Number of degrees conferred in agriculture and

natural resources, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

 Number of degrees (in thousands)
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

The percent of bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees in agriculture and natural resources conferred to 

minorities increased between 1977 and 1994. Minority receipt of master's degrees in agriculture increased 

most dramatically between 1990 and 1994. Although the percent of doctor's degrees earned by minority 

students in agriculture generally is higher than the percent of bachelor's or master's degrees, there is 

fluctuation which may be due in part to the small number of students receiving doctor's degrees in 

agriculture. 

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only.

12

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 2.2: Percent of degrees in agriculture and natural resources

conferred to minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994 x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The percent of degrees in agriculture and natural resources conferred to women increased within all degree 

levels between 1970 and 1994. As of 1994, women were most represented among master's degree recipients, 

where they comprised 39 percent of all degrees conferred. Among the three degree levels, women were 

consistently least represented among doctor's degree recipients. Still, the percent of doctor's degrees in 

agriculture conferred to women increased from 3 percent in 1970 to 23 percent in 1994. The most pronounced 

increase among the three degree levels occurred among bachelor's degree recipients in the 1970s and early 

1980s; four percent of all degrees were conferred to women in 1970, and 33 percent by 1983. After this swift 

increase, however, the percent of bachelor's degrees in agriculture conferred to women remained almost 

constant until 1990, after which another increase occurred.

13

Doctor's

Figure 2.3: Percent of degrees in agriculture and natural

resources conferred to women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES/LIFE SCIENCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) 

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The number of bachelor's degrees conferred in biological sciences/life sciences grew rapidly between 1970 

and 1976, from 34,000 to 54,000. But by 1989, the number declined to levels almost equal to those of 1971. 

Between 1989 and 1994, the number of bachelor's degrees in biological and life sciences increased again, but 

as of 1994 it had yet to reach 1976 levels. Between 1970 and 1994, the number of master's degrees awarded 

in the biological and life sciences generally decreased, and the number of doctor's degrees fluctuated from 

1970 to 1989, but slowly increased thereafter, so that by 1993 the number of doctor's degrees awarded 

almost equalled the number of master's degrees.

15

Doctor's

Figure 3.1: Number of degrees conferred in biological sciences/ 

life sciences, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

The proportion of biological sciences/life sciences degrees awarded to minority students increased at all 

degree levels between 1977 and 1994. This increase was particularly pronounced among bachelor's degree 

recipients, where the proportion of minority students increased from 9 percent in 1977 to 23 percent in 1994.

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only.

16

Master's

Doctor's

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Figure 3.2: Percent of degrees in biological sciences/ life sciences

conferred to minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994 x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES/LIFE SCIENCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) 

 "Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The proportion of biological sciences/life sciences degrees awarded to women increased at all three degree 

levels between 1970 and 1994. Women comprised approximately half of all recipients of bachelor's and 

master's degrees as of the late 1980s, and continued to do so through 1994. Although women still comprised 

less than half of all doctor's degree recipients in biological and life sciences in 1994, the percent of doctor's 

degrees conferred to women increased from 14 percent in 1970 to 41 percent in 1994.

17

Doctor's

Figure 3.3: Percent of degrees in biological sciences/life

sciences conferred to women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994

space

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) 

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

The number of bachelor's degrees conferred in biology increased about 40 percent from 1970 to 1994, from 

24,000 to 38,000. However, there were important fluctuations during this period. The number of bachelor's 

degrees in biology increased by 65 percent between 1970 and 1976. Then, number of bachelor's degrees in 

biology dropped from 1976 to 1989, to a level about the same as 1971. The number of bachelor's degrees in 

biology increased during the early1990s, reaching a level in 1994, that was slightly below the peak of 1976. 

Fewer master's degrees were awarded in this field in 1994 than in 1970.

18

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 3.4: Number of degrees conferred in biology,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES/ LIFE SCIENCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The number of bachelor's degrees conferred in zoology decreased between 1970 and 1994, from 6,200 to 

3,200. The number of master's and doctor's degrees declined as well. 

19

Doctor's

Figure 3.5: Number of degrees conferred in zoology,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
BUSINESS 

NOTE: Business includes business management and administrative services, marketing operations/marketing distribution, and consumer and personal 

services.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

Between 1970 and 1994, the number of bachelor's and master's degrees earned in business increased by 

more than 100 percent. By 1994, students earned almost 247,000 bachelor's and over 93,000 master's 

degrees in this field, compared to 105,000 and 22,000 respectively in 1970. 

21

Doctor's

Figure 4.1: Number of degrees conferred in

business, by degree level: 1970 to 1994

 

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

50

100

150

200

250

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

The percent of degrees conferred to minority students in business increased at all degree levels between 

1977 to 1994. The percent of bachelor's degrees awarded to minorities increased from 11 to 19 percent, and 

the percent of master's degrees awarded increased from 8 to 16 percent. The proportion of doctor's degrees 

conferred to minorities fluctuated from year to year, with a total increase of 5 percentage points from 1977 

to 1994. However, this fluctuation may be due to the relatively small number of students receiving doctor's 

degrees in business and management.

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Business includes business management and administrative services, marketing 

operations/marketing distribution, and consumer and personal services. Includes resident students only.

22

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 4.2: Percent of degrees in business conferred to

minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994

 

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
BUSINESS 

NOTE: Business includes business management and administrative services, marketing operations/marketing distribution, and consumer and personal 

services.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The percent of degrees in business conferred to women increased at all levels between 1970 and 1994. 

Women earned 28 percent of all doctor's degrees and 37 percent of all master's degrees awarded in this field 

in 1994, compared to 2 percent and 4 percent, respectively, in 1970. Among bachelor's degree recipients, 

women earned almost half of all degrees in business and management in 1994, an increase from 9 percent in 

1970. 

23

Doctor's

Figure 4.3: Percent of degrees in business conferred to

women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

NOTE: Data from 1970 are not comparable to data from later years. Consequently, 1970 data have been omitted. Includes degrees in "Business, 

general" and "Business administration and management, total."

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

The number of bachelor's degrees conferred in business increased during the 1970s through the early 1980s, 

from 58,000 in 1971 to 113,000 in 1994. Changes in the number of bachelor's degrees from 1982 to 1994 

have been relatively modest. Like the bachelor's degrees, the number of master's degrees rose steadily 

through the 1970s. But, in contrast to the stable pattern for bachelor's degrees during the later 1980s and 

early 1990s, the number of master's degrees continued to rise. 

24

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 4.4: Number of degrees conferred in business administration

and management, by degree level: 1971 to 1994 x

1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
BUSINESS 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The number of degrees conferred in accounting increased within all degree levels from 1970 to 1994. This 

increase was most pronounced among master's degree recipients, where the number conferred in 1970, 

approximately 1,100, grew almost fourfold by 1994, to approximately 4,200. The number of bachelor's 

degrees conferred in accounting increased from approximately 21,000 in 1970 and, except for a brief decline 

in the later 1980s, reached almost 48,000 by 1994. The number of doctor's degree recipients, while 

fluctuating during the 24 year time period displayed here, remained very small, with fewer than 100 in every 

year.

25

Doctor's

Figure 4.5: Number of degrees conferred in accounting,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) 

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The number of bachelor's degrees awarded in computer and information sciences followed a different pattern 

than that of the master's and doctor's degrees. The number of bachelor's degrees rose rapidly during the 

1970s and early 1980s, growing from 1,500 in 1970 to 42,000 in 1986, but then declined to 24,000 in 1994. 

In contrast, the number of master's and doctor's degrees awarded in computer sciences increased most years 

between 1970 and 1994. For example, the master's degrees increased from about 1,500 in 1970 to over 

10,000 in 1994. 

27

Doctor's

Figure 5.1: Number of degrees conferred in computer

and information sciences, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Across all degree levels, the percent of degrees in computer and information sciences conferred to resident 

minority students increased between 1977 and 1994. By 1994, 26 percent of all bachelor's, 29 percent of all 

master's, and 18 percent of all doctor's degrees in computer science were conferred to minorities. This was 

an increase from 10 percent, 9 percent, and 6 percent, respectively, in 1977.

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only.

28

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 5.2: Percent of degrees in computer and information

sciences conferred to minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994 x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)"Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The proportion of computer and information sciences degrees conferred to women demonstrated somewhat 

different patterns at the bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degree levels. The proportion of bachelor's degrees 

awarded to women peaked in 1984 at 37 percent, and then fell from 1984 to 1993. The proportion of 

master's degrees awarded to women peaked in 1986 at 30 percent, and then remained stable between 1986 

and 1991, before declining slightly through 1994. The proportion of computer science doctor's degrees that 

were conferred to women increased overall between 1970 and 1994, from 2 to 15 percent.

29

Doctor's

Figure 5.3: Percent of degrees in computer and information

sciences conferred to women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
EDUCATION

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

The number of bachelor's and master's degrees conferred in education dropped precipitously after the mid 

1970s. The number of bachelor's degrees conferred in education peaked in 1973 at about 194,000, whereas 

the number of master's degree recipients peaked in 1976 at 126,000. By the mid 1980s, the number of 

bachelor's and master's degrees conferred in education was less than half of the peak of the 1970s. The 

number of bachelor's and master's degrees in education increased during the mid-1980s to 1994, while the 

number of doctor's degrees showed an overall increase between 1970 and 1994.

31

Figure 6.1: Number of degrees conferred in education,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)

Bachelor's

Master's

Doctor's
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

Between 1977 and 1989, the percent of bachelor's and master's degrees in education conferred to resident 

minority students decreased. For example, while 12 percent of all bachelor's degrees and 14 percent of all 

master's degrees in education were conferred to minority students in 1977, by 1989 the representation of 

minority students among bachelor's and master's degree recipients dropped to 8 percent and 11 percent, 

respectively. Although the percent of these degrees conferred to minority students increased again from 

1989 to 1994, the percent of bachelor's degrees conferred to minorities in 1994 still had not reached levels 

equal to those of the late 1970s. From 1977 to 1994, the percent of doctor's degrees in education conferred 

to minorities increased slightly, from 13 to 15 percent.

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only.

32

Master's Doctor's

Figure 6.2: Percent of degrees in education conferred to

minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994

x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
EDUCATION

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

Since 1970, women consistently were awarded the majority of bachelor's and master's degrees in education. 

By 1994, 77 percent of all bachelor's and master's degrees in this field were awarded to women. There was 

no change at the bachelor's degree level during this time period, but there was an increase at the master's 

degree level. The proportion of doctor's degrees awarded to women rose from 20 percent in 1970 to 61 

percent in 1994. From 1984 to 1994, more than half of all doctor's degrees in education were conferred to 

women.

33

Doctor's

Figure 6.3: Percent of degrees in education conferred to women,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

After a peak of 93,000 in 1972, the number of bachelor's degrees conferred in elementary education 

declined steeply until 1985, when students earned about 33,000 bachelor's degrees. From 1985 until 1991, 

the number of bachelor's degrees conferred in elementary education increased to 53,000, and then began to 

decrease again. The number of master's degree recipients peaked at 23,000 in 1976. From 1976, the trend 

in master's degrees conferred in elementary education followed a pattern similar to bachelor's degrees, 

reaching a low of just over 9,000 in 1985 and then rising slightly until the early 1990s. The number of 

doctor's degrees also decreased overall between 1970 and 1994, from 217 to 91.

34

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 6.4: Number of degrees conferred in elementary education,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
EDUCATION

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

The number of bachelor's degrees in academic and vocational teacher education increased by approximately 

10,000 between 1970 to 1973, but then declined from 1973 to 1986. After 1986, the number of bachelor's 

degrees stabilized and increased slightly. Trends in the number of master's and doctor's degrees conferred in 

academic and vocational teacher education show a similar pattern of peak, decline and stability, but the 

differences are less pronounced than among bachelor's degree recipients.

35

Figure 6.5: Number of degrees conferred in teacher education, 

by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)

Master's

Doctor's
ENGINEERING

NOTE: Includes degrees in engineering-related technologies, mechanics and repairers, and construction trades, except 1970, which includes only degrees in 

engineering.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The number of bachelor's degrees conferred in engineering increased sharply from the mid-1970s to the 

mid-1980s, peaking in 1985 at 95,828 degrees. After 1985, the number of bachelor's degrees conferred in 

engineering declined, stabilizing after 1990 at approximately 78,000. The number of master's and doctor's 

degrees conferred in engineering increased overall between 1971 and 1994. In 1994, 29,754 master's degrees 

and 5,979 doctor's degrees were awarded, an increase from 16,443 and 3,638, respectively, in 1971.

37

Doctor's

Figure 7.1: Number of degrees conferred in engineering,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Overall, the percent of degrees in engineering conferred to minority students increased between 1977 and 

1994 at all degree levels. In 1977, 8 percent of bachelor's degrees and 10 percent of master's and doctor's 

degrees were awarded to minority students. In 1994, minority students received 21 percent of the 

bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred in engineering to U.S. graduates. 

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only. Includes degrees in engineering-related 

technologies, very small numbers in mechanics and repairers, and construction trades.

38

Master's

Figure 7.2: Percent of degrees in engineering conferred to

minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994

x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees

Doctor's

Bachelor's
ENGINEERING

NOTE: Includes degrees in engineering-related technologies, mechanics and repairers, and construction trades.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The proportion of bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees in engineering conferred to women increased 

nearly every year between 1970 and 1994. In 1970, women were awarded about 1 percent of degrees in 

engineering at all degree levels. In 1994, women received 16 percent of engineering bachelor's degrees, 16 

percent of the master's degrees, and 11 percent of the doctor's degrees.

39

Doctor's

Figure 7.3: Percent of degrees in engineering

conferred to women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

After decreasing during the first half of the 1970s, the number of bachelor's degrees conferred in electrical, 

electronics, and communications engineering doubled between 1976 and 1987. After reaching 24,500 in 

1987, the number of bachelor's degrees in electrical engineering declined each year, hitting 15,800 in 1994. 

Although the number of master's and doctor's degrees awarded in electrical engineering declined during the 

1970s, rises during the 1980s and early 1990s resulted in an overall increase between 1970 and 1994. 

Among master's degree recipients, most of this increase occurred after 1983, and among doctor's degree 

recipients most of the increase occurred after 1987. In 1994, about 7,800 master's degrees and almost 1,500 

doctor's degrees were awarded in electrical engineering.

40

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 7.4: Number of degrees conferred in electrical, 

electronics, and communications engineering, 

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
ENGINEERING

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

After a sharp increase between 1976 and 1985, the number of bachelor's degrees in mechanical engineering 

declined somewhat. In 1994, about 15,000 bachelor's degrees were conferred in mechanical engineering, an 

overall increase from about 9,000 in 1970 and 6,000 in 1976. The number of master's and doctor's degrees 

decreased between 1970 and 1979, and then grew between 1979 and 1994. Overall, the number of master's 

degrees in mechanical engineering increased from 2,297 in 1970 to 4,099 in 1994. 

41

Doctor's

Figure 7.5: Number of degrees conferred in mechanical

engineering, by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
HEALTH PROFESSIONS AND RELATED SCIENCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The number of degrees conferred in health professions and related sciences increased overall from 1970 to 

1994 within all degree levels. The increase within master's and doctor's degrees was gradual between 1970 

and 1994, increasing from 4,488 master's degrees in 1970 to 28,025 in 1994 and from 357 doctor's degrees in 

1970 to 1,902 in 1994. The number of bachelor's degrees conferred in health and related professions 

increased steeply between 1971 and 1980, from 25,226 to 63,920. From 1980 to 1994, the overall increase 

in bachelor's degrees was much smaller than during previous years, as degrees declined in the late 1980s and 

increased again in the early 1990s. By 1994, 74,421 bachelor's degrees were conferred in health professions 

and related sciences. 

43

Doctor's

Figure 8.1: Number of degrees conferred in health 

professions and related sciences,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)" Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

The percent of degrees in health professions and related sciences conferred to minority students increased 

from 1977 to 1994 at all degree levels. In 1977, less than 10 percent of degrees at all levels in health 

professions and related sciences were conferred to minority students. By 1994, 15 percent of bachelor's 

degrees, 13 percent of master's degrees and 13 percent of doctor's degrees were conferred to minorities. 

Doctor's degrees showed a decline in the percent conferred to minorities in the late 1980s, followed by an 

increase.

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only.

44

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 8.2: Percent of degrees in health professions 

and related sciences conferred to minorities,

by degree level: 1977 to 1994

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
HEALTH PROFESSIONS AND RELATED SCIENCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

In 1970, women earned about 69 percent of bachelor's and 52 percent of master's degrees in health 

professions and related sciences. The proportion of these degrees awarded to women increased within both 

degree levels from 1970 to 1994, although increases among bachelor's degree recipients were more gradual 

than among master's degree recipients. By 1994, 82 percent of bachelor's degrees and 79 percent of master's 

degrees were conferred to women. The proportion of doctor's degrees in health professions conferred to 

women increased more than other degree levels. In 1970, 16 percent of doctor's degrees were conferred to 

women compared to 59 percent in 1994.

45

Doctor's

Figure 8.3: Percent of degrees in health professions

and related sciences conferred to women,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

The number of bachelor's degrees conferred in nursing increased between 1970 and 1994 , except for a brief 

decline between 1986 and 1990. In 1970, approximately 11,200 bachelor's degrees were conferred in this 

field, and in 1994, almost 39,100 bachelor's degrees were awarded. The number of master's degrees 

conferred in nursing increased most years between 1970 and 1994, from 1,539 to 8,991. The number of 

doctor's degrees conferred in nursing, while a fraction of the number of master's degrees across all years 

presented here, nonetheless grew from 11 in 1970 to almost 400 in 1994.

46

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 8.4: Number of degrees conferred in nursing,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
HEALTH PROFESSIONS AND RELATED SCIENCES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

After increasing during the early 1970s and peaking in 1976, the number of bachelor's degrees conferred in 

health and medical laboratory technologies decreased. 

47

Figure 8.5: Number of bachelor's degrees conferred in

health and medical laboratory technologies: 1970 to 1994

 

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
MATHEMATICS

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

From 1970 to 1981, the number of degrees conferred in mathematics declined within all degree levels. This 

decline was particularly acute among bachelor's degree recipients, who were awarded 27,442 degrees in 

mathematics in 1970, and 11,433 in 1981. Although increases across all degree levels occurred between 

1982 and 1994, fewer bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees were conferred in mathematics in 1994 than 

in 1970.

49

Doctor's

Figure 9.1: Number of degrees conferred in mathematics,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)

Master's
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

The proportion of mathematics degrees conferred to minority students increased between 1977 and 1994. 

The proportion of bachelor's degrees awarded to minorities rose from 9 percent in 1977 to 18 percent in 

1994, while the minority proportion of master's degrees rose from 9 percent to 15 percent. The increase in 

the proportion of doctor's degrees in mathematics conferred to minorities rose at a comparable rate, from 8 

percent in 1977 to 17 percent in 1994. 

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only.

50

Master's Doctor's

Figure 9.2: Percent of degrees in mathematics conferred to

minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994

x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
MATHEMATICS

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

An increasing share of mathematics degrees were awarded to women between 1970 and 1994. In 1970, 

women earned 37 percent of bachelor's degrees in mathematics compared to 46 percent in 1994. Similarly, 

women earned 30 percent of all master's degrees in mathematics in 1970 and 38 percent in 1994. The 

proportion of doctor's degrees earned by women increased from 8 percent in 1970 to 22 percent in 1994.

51

Doctor's

Figure 9.3: Percent of degrees in mathematics

conferred to women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The number of bachelor's degrees earned in physical sciences and science technologies declined after a peak 

of over 24,000 in 1982. By 1994, almost 6,000 fewer bachelor's degrees were conferred in the physical 

sciences than in 1982. In contrast, the trend with master's and doctor's degrees was a gradual slight decline, 

followed by a gradual slight increase. For example, students were awarded approximately 5,900 master's 

degrees in physical sciences in 1970 and approximately 5,700 in 1994. Students were also awarded about 

4,300 doctor's degrees in 1970 and 4,700 doctor's degrees in physical sciences in 1994.

53

Doctor's

Figure 10.1: Number of degrees conferred in physical

sciences and science technologies, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

 "Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

The proportion of bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees awarded to minority graduates in physical 

sciences and science technologies doubled between 1977 and 1994. For example, minority graduates 

received 7 percent of the doctor's degrees in the physical sciences in 1970 compared to 15 percent in 

1994.

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only.

54

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 10.2: Percent of degrees in physical sciences

and science technologies conferred to minorities,

by degree level: 1977 to 1994

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

Women have been awarded a growing proportion of the bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees in physical 

sciences and science technologies. The proportion of bachelor's degrees awarded to women rose from 14 

percent in 1970 to 34 percent in 1994. Similarly, the proportion of master's degrees in physical sciences 

awarded to women rose from 14 percent in 1970 to 29 percent in 1994. The share of doctor's degrees 

conferred to women rose from 6 percent in 1970 to 22 percent in 1994.

55

Doctor's

Figure 10.3: Percent of degrees in physical sciences and science

technologies conferred to women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED 

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

The number of degrees conferred in physics declined in the 1970s within all degree levels, rising slowly 

again through the 1980s and early 1990s at the master's and doctor's degree levels. Still, fewer bachelor's 

and master's degrees were conferred in physics in 1994 than in 1970. For example, while students were 

awarded over 5,300 bachelor's degrees and 2,200 master's degrees in physics in 1970, in 1994 approximately 

4,000 bachelor's and 1,900 master's degrees were conferred in this field. The number of doctor's degrees in 

physics fluctuated throughout the period, returning close to the number earned in 1970.

56

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 10.4: Number of degrees conferred in physics,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees and 

Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

Although the number of bachelor's degrees conferred in chemistry increased from 1973 to 1979 and again 

from 1990 to 1994, the overall trend between 1970 and 1994 has been a net decrease in the number degrees. 

Over 11,500 bachelor's degrees were conferred in 1970, about 2,000 more than in 1994. The number of 

master's degrees conferred in chemistry remained fairly stable between 1970 and 1994. The number of 

doctor's degrees in chemistry decreased from about 2,200 in 1970 to just over 1,500 in 1979, but increases 

since then resulted in more doctor's degrees in 1994 than in 1970.

57

Doctor's

Figure 10.5: Number of degrees conferred in chemistry,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HISTORY

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

After peaking in 1972 and 1973, the number of bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred in social 

sciences declined. Although the number of bachelor's and master's degrees increased again in the late 1980s 

and early 1990s, they did not reach 1970 levels. For example, the number of bachelor's degrees awarded in 

social sciences declined by 39 percent between 1970 and 1985. By 1994, some of this decrease had been 

regained and about 134,000 bachelor's degrees were conferred in social sciences, compared to the peak of 

158,000 in 1972.

59

Figure 11.1: Number of degrees conferred in social sciences and

history, by degree level: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)

Bachelor's

Master's

Doctor's
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) 

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, 

various years.

Bachelor's

Overall, the proportion of bachelor's, master's and doctor's degrees in social sciences conferred to minority 

graduates increased from 1977 to 1994. Among bachelor's degree recipients, this increase was most 

pronounced between 1990 and 1994, when the proportion of degrees in social sciences conferred to 

minority students increased from 14 percent to 19 percent. From 1977 to 1994, the percent of master's 

degrees conferred to minorities increased from 12 to 15 percent, and the percent of doctor's degrees rose 

from 8 to 13 percent. 

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only.

60

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 11.2: Percent of degrees in social sciences and history

conferred to minorities, by degree level: 1977 to 1994

 

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HISTORY

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Bachelor's

Master's

The proportion of social sciences degrees conferred to women increased from 1970 to 1994, particularly at 

the doctor's degree level. Women received 13 percent of all doctor's degrees in social sciences in 1970, 

compared to 36 percent in 1994. Increases in the percent of bachelor's and master's degrees conferred to 

women, while not as large as among doctor's degrees, were also considerable. The proportion of social 

sciences bachelor's degrees awarded to women rose from 36 percent in 1970 to 46 percent in 1994, while the 

proportion of master's degrees rose from 28 percent to 44 percent.

61

Doctor's

Figure 11.3: Percent of degrees in social sciences and history

conferred to women, by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

The number of degrees conferred in history declined in the 1970s and early 1980s at all degree levels, but 

rose somewhat in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Still, students earned fewer degrees in history in 1994 

than in 1970. For example, students earned over 43,000 bachelor's degrees in 1970 compared to under 

28,000 in 1994. The number of master's degrees numbered, 5,000 in 1970 compared to 3,000 in 1994.

62

Master's

Doctor's

Figure 11.4: Number of degrees conferred in history, 

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HISTORY

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Bachelor's

Master's

After a peak in 1974 of almost 35,500, the number of bachelor's degrees conferred in sociology sharply 

decreased to 12,000 in 1985. Although bachelor's degrees increased to 22,000 in 1994, the number remained 

well below the levels of the early 1970s. The numbers of master's and doctor's degrees conferred in 

sociology, while fluctuating some over the years, have remained fairly stable. 

63

Doctor's

Figure 11.5: Number of degrees conferred in sociology,

by degree level: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)
PROFESSIONAL DEGREES

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

While the number of degrees conferred in medicine and law increased from 1970 to 1994, the number of 

degrees in dentistry was about the same in 1994 as in 1970. For example, the number of degrees in medicine 

rose from 8,300 in 1970 to 15,400 in 1994, while the number of degrees in law rose from 15,000 to 40,000. 

However, the number of degrees in dentistry increased from 3,700 in 1970 to a peak of 5,600 in 1983, and 

then fell to about 3,800 in 1994.

65

Figure 12.1: Number of first-professional degrees conferred,

by field of study: 1970 to 1994 x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Academic year ending

Number of degrees (Thousands)

Law

Medicine

Dentistry
PROFESSIONAL DEGREES

NOTE: Symbols indicate years for which data have been plotted. Includes resident students only.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS)

"Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various 

years.

Dentistry

Medicine

The proportion of first-professional degrees awarded to minority students in dentistry, medicine, and law 

increased between 1977 and 1994. The largest increase was within the field of dentistry, where 8 percent of 

degrees were awarded to minority students in 1977 and 27 percent in 1994. The proportion of medicine 

degrees conferred to minorities also increased, from 9 percent in 1977 to 26 percent in 1994. While the 

increase in the proportion of law degrees awarded to resident minority students was not as great as in the 

other two fields, minority students still doubled their share between 1977 to 1994, from 8 percent to 16 

percent.

66

Law

Figure 12.2: Percent of first-professional degrees conferred to

minorities, by field of study: 1977 to 1994 x

1977 1979 1981 1985 1987 1989 1991 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
CHARTBOOK OF DEGREES CONFERRED

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) "Degrees 

and Other Formal Awards Conferred" Survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) "Completions" Survey, various years.

Medicine

The proportion of law, medicine, and dentistry degrees conferred to women increased between 1970 and 1994. 

This increase was most pronounced among recipients of dentistry degrees, where the proportion of women 

rose from 1 percent 1970 to 39 percent in 1994. Medicine and law also were growth fields for women. The 

proportion of law degrees awarded to women rose from 5 percent in 1970 to 43 percent in 1994, and the 

proportion of medical degrees rose from 8 percent to 38 percent.

67

Law

Dentistry

Figure 12.3: Percent of first-professional degrees

conferred to women, by field of study: 1970 to 1994

x

1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Academic year ending

Percent of degrees
TABLES

DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 71

Table 1.—U.S. resident population ages 18 to 29, by sex and minority status: 1980 to 1994

[In thousands]

July Total Male Female Percent minority

1 2345

1980 ................................................................... 49,735 24,891 24,844 22.1

1981 ................................................................... 50,412 25,241 25,171 22.8

1982 ................................................................... 50,865 25,495 25,370 23.4

1983 ................................................................... 51,061 25,631 25,430 24.1

1984 ................................................................... 50,918 25,592 25,326 24.7

1985 ................................................................... 50,572 25,444 25,128 25.3

1986 ................................................................... 50,120 25,255 24,865 26.0

1987 ................................................................... 49,549 24,993 24,556 26.6

1988 ................................................................... 49,098 24,794 24,304 27.3

1989 ................................................................... 48,713 24,636 24,077 27.7

1990 ................................................................... 48,059 24,333 23,726 28.6

1991 ................................................................... 47,071 23,818 23,253 29.3

1992 ................................................................... 46,117 23,353 22,764 29.9

1993 ................................................................... 45,286 22,916 22,370 30.5

1994 ................................................................... 44,440 22,475 21,965 31.0

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population

Reports, PPL-21, P25–1095, and P25–917. (This table was prepared February 1997.)

Table 2.—Associate, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred to resident students, and percent

conferred by minority status: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94

Year

Associate degrees Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

White Minority White Minority White Minority White Minority

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1976–77 ............................................... 401,627 85.2 14.8 902,186 89.5 10.5 299,258 88.8 11.1 29,379 91.4 8.6

1978–79 ............................................... 392,194 84.4 15.6 901,701 89.0 11.0 280,828 88.8 11.2 28,760 90.9 9.1

1980–81 ............................................... 403,531 84.0 16.0 912,211 88.5 11.5 272,126 88.6 11.4 28,636 90.5 9.5

1984–85 ............................................... 423,408 83.9 16.1 939,094 88.0 12.0 253,469 88.2 11.8 26,990 88.7 11.3

1986–87 ............................................... 431,616 83.8 16.2 961,958 87.5 12.5 259,453 88.2 11.8 27,445 89.0 11.0

1988–89 ............................................... 425,763 83.3 16.7 989,324 86.9 13.1 275,557 88.1 11.9 27,987 88.9 11.1

1989–90 ............................................... 444,114 83.2 16.8 1,021,923 86.5 13.5 286,764 87.8 12.2 29,155 88.8 11.2

1990–91 ............................................... 455,386 82.6 17.4 1,052,146 85.9 14.1 292,122 87.4 12.6 28,832 87.8 12.2

1991–92 ............................................... 486,450 82.3 17.7 1,101,754 85.0 15.0 309,776 86.6 13.4 29,524 87.4 12.6

1992–93 ............................................... 499,225 81.3 18.7 1,127,691 84.0 16.0 324,547 85.9 14.1 30,567 87.3 12.7

1993–94 ............................................... 530,796 80.7 19.3 1,131,893 82.7 17.3 339,102 85.0 15.0 31,611 85.9 14.1

NOTE.—This table includes degrees earned by resident students only. Degrees

earned by non-resident aliens and those whose race/ethnicity was not available have

been omitted.

SOURCE.—U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1997.)

Table 3.—Associate, bachelor’s, master’s, first-professional, and doctor’s degrees conferred, and percent conferred

by sex: 1969–70 to 1993–94

Year

Associate degrees Bachelor’s degrees Master’s degrees First-professional

degrees

Doctor’s degrees

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent Num- ber

Percent

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1969–70 ....................................... 206,023 57.0 43.0 792,316 56.9 43.1 208,291 60.3 39.7 34,918 94.7 5.3 29,866 86.7 13.3

1970–71 ....................................... 252,311 57.1 42.9 839,730 56.6 43.4 230,509 59.9 40.1 37,946 93.7 6.3 32,107 85.7 14.3

1971–72 ....................................... 292,014 56.9 43.1 887,273 56.4 43.6 251,633 59.4 40.6 43,411 93.8 6.2 33,363 84.2 15.8

1972–73 ....................................... 316,174 55.5 44.5 922,362 56.2 43.8 263,371 58.7 41.3 50,018 92.9 7.1 34,777 82.2 17.8

1973–74 ....................................... 343,924 54.8 45.2 945,776 55.8 44.2 277,033 57.0 43.0 53,816 90.2 9.8 33,816 80.9 19.1

1974–75 ....................................... 360,171 53.0 47.0 922,933 54.7 45.3 292,450 55.2 44.8 55,916 87.6 12.4 34,083 78.7 21.3

1975–76 ....................................... 391,454 53.6 46.4 925,746 54.5 45.5 311,771 53.6 46.4 62,649 84.4 15.6 34,064 77.1 22.9

1976–77 ....................................... 406,377 51.9 48.1 919,549 53.9 46.1 317,164 52.9 47.1 64,359 81.4 18.6 33,232 75.7 24.3

1977–78 ....................................... 412,246 49.7 50.3 921,204 52.9 47.1 311,620 51.7 48.3 66,581 78.5 21.5 32,131 73.6 26.4

1978–79 ....................................... 402,702 47.7 52.3 921,390 51.8 48.2 301,079 50.9 49.1 68,848 76.5 23.5 32,730 71.9 28.1

1979–80 ....................................... 400,910 45.8 54.2 929,417 51.0 49.0 298,081 50.6 49.4 70,131 75.2 24.8 32,615 70.3 29.7

1980–81 ....................................... 416,377 45.3 54.7 935,140 50.2 49.8 295,739 49.7 50.3 71,956 73.4 26.6 32,958 68.9 31.1

1981–82 ....................................... 434,526 45.3 54.7 952,998 49.7 50.3 295,546 49.2 50.8 72,032 72.5 27.5 32,707 67.9 32.1

1982–83 ....................................... 449,620 45.4 54.6 969,510 49.4 50.6 289,921 49.9 50.1 73,054 70.2 29.8 32,775 66.8 33.2

1983–84 ....................................... 452,240 44.8 55.2 974,309 49.5 50.5 284,263 50.5 49.5 74,468 69.0 31.0 33,209 66.4 33.6

1984–85 ....................................... 454,712 44.6 55.4 979,477 49.3 50.7 286,251 50.1 49.9 75,063 67.2 32.8 32,943 65.9 34.1

1985–86 ....................................... 446,047 44.0 56.0 987,823 49.2 50.8 288,567 49.7 50.3 73,910 66.6 33.4 33,653 64.8 35.2

1986–87 ....................................... 436,304 43.7 56.3 991,264 48.5 51.5 289,349 48.8 51.2 71,617 65.0 35.0 34,041 64.8 35.2

1987–88 ....................................... 435,085 43.7 56.3 994,829 48.0 52.0 299,317 48.5 51.5 70,735 64.3 35.7 34,870 64.9 35.1

1988–89 ....................................... 436,764 42.7 57.3 1,018,755 47.4 52.6 310,621 48.1 51.9 70,856 63.6 36.4 35,720 63.4 36.6

1989–90 ....................................... 455,102 42.0 58.0 1,051,344 46.8 53.2 324,301 47.4 52.6 70,988 61.9 38.1 38,371 63.6 36.4

1990–91 ....................................... 481,720 41.2 58.8 1,094,538 46.1 53.9 337,168 46.4 53.6 71,948 60.9 39.1 39,294 63.0 37.0

1991–92 ....................................... 504,231 41.1 58.9 1,136,553 45.8 54.2 352,838 45.9 54.1 74,146 60.8 39.2 40,659 62.9 37.1

1992–93 ....................................... 514,756 41.2 58.8 1,165,178 45.7 54.3 369,585 45.8 54.2 75,387 59.9 40.1 42,132 61.9 38.1

1993–94 ....................................... 542,449 40.7 59.3 1,169,275 45.5 54.5 387,070 45.5 54.5 75,418 59.3 40.7 43,185 61.5 38.5

NOTE.—Degrees earned by non-resident aliens have been included in this table. Details may not sum to 100.0 because of rounding.

SOURCE.—U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1997.)
72 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 4.—Bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, and first-professional degrees conferred, by selected fields of

study: 1969–70 to 1993–94

Field of study and degree

level 1969–70 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1973–74 1974–75 1975–76 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Agriculture and natural

resources Bachelor’s degrees .......... 12,382 12,672 13,516 14,756 16,253 17,528 19,402 21,467 22,650 23,134 22,802 21,886 21,029

Master’s degrees ............. 2,197 2,457 2,680 2,807 2,928 3,067 3,340 3,724 4,023 3,994 3,976 4,003 4,163

Doctor’s degrees ............. 1,004 1,086 971 1,059 930 991 928 893 971 950 991 1,067 1,079

Biological sciences/life

sciences

Bachelor’s degrees .......... 34,034 35,743 37,293 42,233 48,340 51,741 54,275 53,605 51,502 48,846 46,370 43,216 41,639

Master’s degrees ............. 5,800 5,728 6,101 6,263 6,552 6,550 6,582 7,114 6,806 6,831 6,510 5,978 5,874

Doctor’s degrees ............. 3,289 3,645 3,653 3,636 3,439 3,384 3,392 3,397 3,309 3,542 3,636 3,718 3,743

Biology

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 24,371 26,294 27,473 31,185 36,188 38,748 40,163 39,530 37,598 35,962 33,523 31,323 29,651

Master’s degrees ......... 2,578 2,665 2,943 2,959 3,186 3,109 3,177 3,322 3,094 3,093 2,911 2,598 2,579

Doctor’s degrees .......... 471 536 580 627 657 637 624 608 664 663 718 734 678

Zoology

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 5,860 5,722 5,522 5,770 6,192 6,116 6,105 5,608 5,139 4,913 4,374 3,946 3,664

Master’s degrees ......... 1,298 1,167 1,189 1,191 1,250 1,216 1,153 1,168 1,160 1,109 1,078 1,090 1,028

Doctor’s degrees .......... 1,020 1,107 1,094 1,008 919 920 909 950 885 938 955 946 936

Business

Bachelor’s degrees .......... 105,580 114,729 121,266 126,144 131,640 132,731 142,034 150,765 159,691 171,241 184,867 198,983 213,374

Master’s degrees ............. 21,561 25,977 30,028 30,638 32,172 35,758 42,054 46,006 47,837 49,855 54,484 57,391 60,763

Doctor’s degrees ............. 620 757 859 902 919 936 900 827 823 821 753 795 815

Accounting

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 21,183 22,099 24,801 27,947 29,341 31,116 35,806 39,183 40,145 41,393 42,712 43,344 45,542

Master’s degrees ......... 1,083 1,097 1,377 1,621 1,798 2,227 2,730 3,278 3,354 3,571 3,456 3,449 3,246

Doctor’s degrees .......... 56 61 51 83 70 60 55 53 44 52 51 56 61

Business administration

and management

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 51,644 58,215 62,989 62,794 69,261 70,068 74,278 77,525 82,817 89,238 96,050 105,315 111,822

Master’s degrees ......... 13,762 18,264 21,726 21,541 23,713 26,354 31,771 33,783 35,216 36,502 40,836 42,686 46,069

Doctor’s degrees .......... 356 496 530 513 621 672 621 571 619 579 523 553 579

Computer and information

sciences

Bachelor’s degrees .......... 1,544 2,388 3,402 4,304 4,756 5,033 5,652 6,407 7,201 8,719 11,154 15,121 20,267

Master’s degrees ............. 1,459 1,588 1,977 2,113 2,276 2,299 2,603 2,798 3,038 3,055 3,647 4,218 4,935

Doctor’s degrees ............. 107 128 167 196 198 213 244 216 196 236 240 252 251

Education

Bachelor’s degrees .......... 163,964 176,307 190,880 193,984 184,907 166,758 154,437 143,234 135,821 125,873 118,038 108,074 100,932

Master’s degrees ............. 78,020 87,666 96,668 103,777 110,402 117,841 126,061 124,267 116,916 109,866 101,819 96,713 91,601

Doctor’s degrees ............. 5,588 6,041 6,648 6,857 6,757 6,975 7,202 7,338 7,018 7,170 7,314 7,279 6,999

Elementary education

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 84,320 90,432 93,181 89,322 80,220 68,653 60,264 53,036 49,255 44,792 42,042 38,524 37,261

Master’s degrees ......... 15,449 17,070 19,570 21,125 22,022 22,060 22,748 21,795 19,897 17,452 15,891 13,833 12,788

Doctor’s degrees .......... 217 219 314 257 230 191 196 199 223 198 214 224 201

Teacher education,

academic and

vocational programs

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 60,563 66,066 68,857 70,140 68,544 62,818 59,307 56,797 54,909 50,897 47,191 43,022 38,994

Master’s degrees ......... 15,726 17,604 18,141 19,338 20,461 21,536 23,206 22,742 22,036 20,168 19,330 18,485 16,944

Doctor’s degrees .......... 846 986 1,059 1,015 1,067 990 1,044 1,058 939 1,006 1,088 1,034 1,001

Engineering

Bachelor’s degrees .......... 44,479 50,046 51,164 51,265 50,286 46,852 46,331 49,283 55,654 62,375 68,893 75,000 80,005

Master’s degrees ............. 15,593 16,443 16,960 16,619 15,379 15,348 16,342 16,245 16,398 15,495 16,243 16,709 17,939

Doctor’s degrees ............. 3,681 3,638 3,671 3,492 3,312 3,108 2,821 2,586 2,440 2,506 2,507 2,561 2,636

Electrical, electronics, and

communications

engineering

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 12,225 12,198 12,101 12,313 11,316 10,161 9,791 9,936 11,133 12,338 13,821 14,938 16,455

Master’s degrees ......... 4,138 4,282 4,206 3,895 3,499 3,469 3,774 3,788 3,740 3,591 3,836 3,901 4,462

Doctor’s degrees .......... 882 879 824 791 705 701 649 566 503 586 525 535 526

Mechanical engineering

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 9,247 8,858 8,530 8,523 7,677 6,890 6,800 7,703 8,875 10,107 11,808 13,329 13,922

Master’s degrees ......... 2,297 2,237 2,282 2,141 1,843 1,858 1,907 1,952 1,942 1,877 2,060 2,291 2,399

Doctor’s degrees .......... 435 438 411 370 385 340 305 283 279 271 281 276 333

Health professions and

related sciences

Bachelor’s degrees .......... 25,029 25,226 28,611 33,564 41,459 49,090 53,958 57,328 59,434 62,085 63,920 63,649 63,653

Master’s degrees ............. 4,488 5,749 7,207 8,362 9,599 10,692 12,556 12,951 14,325 15,485 15,704 16,515 16,503

Doctor’s degrees ............. 357 466 442 646 578 618 577 538 654 718 786 842 925

Health and medical

laboratory technologies

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 3,161 3,145 3,416 3,828 4,956 5,228 5,652 5,598 5,624 5,625 5,558 5,376 5,049

Master’s degrees ......... 24 77 93 117 179 190 267 372 305 328 278 268 241

Doctor’s degrees .......... 0 14 4 3 6 2 4 3 6 6 7 4 8

Nursing

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 11,216 12,199 13,152 15,407 19,285 23,713 26,726 28,402 30,003 31,448 32,441 32,794 33,177

Master’s degrees ......... 1,539 1,530 1,829 2,079 2,274 2,204 3,035 3,257 3,779 4,231 4,616 5,096 5,312

Doctor’s degrees .......... 11 7 10 17 14 16 16 24 56 68 118 113 134
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 73

Table 4.—Bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, and first-professional degrees conferred, by selected fields of

study: 1969–70 to 1993–94—Continued

Field of study and degree

level 1969–70 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1973–74 1974–75 1975–76 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Mathematics

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 27,442 24,937 23,807 23,186 21,761 18,460 16,329 14,395 13,065 12,329 11,872 11,433 12,226

Master’s degrees ......... 5,636 5,695 5,537 5,397 5,306 4,816 4,315 4,109 3,862 3,553 3,382 3,074 3,263

Doctor’s degrees .......... 1,236 1,249 1,165 1,089 1,093 1,048 909 859 848 769 763 775 721

Physical sciences and

science technologies

Bachelor’s degrees .......... 21,439 21,412 20,745 20,696 21,178 20,778 21,465 22,497 22,986 23,207 23,410 23,952 24,052

Master’s degrees ............. 5,935 6,367 6,287 6,257 6,062 5,807 5,466 5,331 5,561 5,451 5,219 5,284 5,514

Doctor’s degrees ............. 4,312 4,390 4,103 4,006 3,626 3,626 3,431 3,341 3,133 3,102 3,089 3,141 3,286

Physics

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 5,320 5,071 4,634 4,259 3,952 3,706 3,544 3,420 3,330 3,337 3,396 3,441 3,472

Master’s degrees ......... 2,200 2,188 2,033 1,747 1,655 1,574 1,451 1,319 1,294 1,319 1,192 1,294 1,284

Doctor’s degrees .......... 1,439 1,482 1,344 1,338 1,115 1,080 997 945 873 918 830 866 873

Chemistry

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 11,519 11,063 10,590 10,128 10,438 10,549 11,022 11,215 11,315 11,509 11,232 11,347 11,062

Master’s degrees ......... 2,138 2,275 2,248 2,225 2,125 1,986 1,783 1,767 1,886 1,757 1,723 1,654 1,751

Doctor’s degrees .......... 2,207 2,159 1,971 1,872 1,823 1,822 1,621 1,568 1,521 1,516 1,545 1,622 1,722

Social sciences and

history

Bachelor’s degrees .......... 149,270 155,324 158,060 155,970 150,320 135,190 126,396 117,040 112,952 108,059 103,662 100,513 99,705

Master’s degrees ............. 15,877 16,539 17,445 17,477 17,293 16,977 15,953 15,533 14,718 12,963 12,176 11,945 12,002

Doctor’s degrees ............. 3,457 3,660 4,081 4,234 4,124 4,212 4,157 3,802 3,594 3,371 3,230 3,122 3,061

History

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 43,386 44,663 43,695 40,943 37,049 31,470 28,400 25,433 23,004 21,019 19,301 18,301 17,146

Master’s degrees ......... 5,049 5,157 5,217 5,030 4,533 4,226 3,658 3,393 3,033 2,536 2,367 2,237 2,210

Doctor’s degrees .......... 1,038 991 1,133 1,140 1,114 1,117 1,014 921 813 756 712 643 636

Sociology

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 30,436 33,263 35,216 35,436 35,491 31,488 27,634 24,713 22,750 20,285 18,881 17,272 16,042

Master’s degrees ......... 1,813 1,808 1,944 1,923 2,196 2,112 2,009 1,830 1,611 1,415 1,341 1,240 1,145

Doctor’s degrees .......... 534 574 636 583 632 693 729 714 599 612 583 610 558

First-professional degrees

Dentistry .......................... 3,718 3,745 3,862 4,047 4,440 4,773 5,425 5,138 5,189 5,434 5,258 5,460 5,282

Medicine .......................... 8,314 8,919 9,253 10,307 11,356 12,447 13,426 13,461 14,279 14,786 14,902 15,505 15,814

Law .................................. 14,916 17,421 21,764 27,205 29,326 29,296 32,293 34,104 34,402 35,206 35,647 36,331 35,991
74 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 4.—Bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, and first-professional degrees conferred, by selected fields of

study: 1969–70 to 1993–94—Continued

Field of study and degree

level 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94

1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Agriculture and natural

resources Bachelor’s degrees ......... 20,909 19,317 18,107 16,823 14,991 14,222 13,492 12,900 13,124 15,124 16,778 18,070

Master’s degrees ............. 4,254 4,178 3,928 3,801 3,522 3,479 3,245 3,382 3,295 3,735 3,965 4,119

Doctor’s degrees ............. 1,149 1,172 1,213 1,158 1,049 1,142 1,183 1,295 1,185 1,214 1,173 1,278

Biological sciences/life

sciences

Bachelor’s degrees ......... 39,982 38,640 38,445 38,524 38,121 36,755 36,059 37,204 39,530 42,941 47,038 51,383

Master’s degrees ............. 5,696 5,406 5,059 5,013 4,952 4,784 4,961 4,869 4,765 4,785 4,756 5,196

Doctor’s degrees ............. 3,341 3,437 3,432 3,358 3,419 3,629 3,520 3,844 4,093 4,243 4,435 4,534

Biology

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 28,022 27,379 27,593 27,618 27,465 26,838 26,229 27,213 29,285 31,909 34,932 38,103

Master’s degrees ......... 2,354 2,313 2,130 2,173 2,022 1,981 2,097 1,998 1,956 1,995 2,000 2,178

Doctor’s degrees ......... 521 617 658 574 537 576 527 551 632 657 671 665

Zoology

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 3,453 3,294 3,128 2,940 2,858 2,580 2,582 2,501 2,673 2,840 3,071 3,207

Master’s degrees ......... 918 867 778 723 740 725 736 638 640 620 637 749

Doctor’s degrees ......... 809 826 802 844 787 786 744 810 833 818 786 805

Business

Bachelor’s degrees ......... 226,627 229,478 232,636 237,319 240,546 243,021 246,399 248,698 249,311 256,603 256,842 246,654

Master’s degrees ............. 64,758 66,150 66,996 66,689 67,093 69,230 73,065 76,676 78,255 84,642 89,615 93,437

Doctor’s degrees ............. 776 929 831 934 1,062 1,063 1,100 1,093 1,185 1,242 1,346 1,364

Accounting

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 46,081 47,901 47,333 45,885 44,071 43,277 43,864 44,563 45,860 47,606 48,853 47,804

Master’s degrees ......... 3,056 3,297 3,215 3,141 2,957 3,139 3,081 3,266 3,611 3,287 3,887 4,162

Doctor’s degrees ......... 66 53 59 53 61 57 72 60 38 73 69 63

Business administration

and management

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 112,063 112,873 111,176 111,344 112,090 111,977 112,452 113,799 112,501 115,394 116,176 112,967

Master’s degrees ......... 48,180 47,235 49,123 47,520 47,888 49,334 51,503 53,531 54,494 59,176 61,212 65,024

Doctor’s degrees ......... 521 614 573 628 699 751 734 742 827 849 933 946

Computer and information

sciences

Bachelor’s degrees ......... 24,510 32,172 38,878 41,889 39,589 34,523 30,454 27,257 25,083 24,557 24,200 24,200

Master’s degrees ............. 5,321 6,190 7,101 8,070 8,481 9,197 9,414 9,677 9,324 9,530 10,163 10,416

Doctor’s degrees ............. 262 251 248 344 374 428 551 627 676 772 805 810

Education

Bachelor’s degrees ......... 97,895 92,299 88,072 87,114 86,936 91,112 96,913 105,112 110,807 108,006 107,781 107,600

Master’s degrees ............. 83,250 75,664 74,654 74,801 74,045 76,566 81,174 84,881 87,343 92,668 96,028 98,938

Doctor’s degrees ............. 7,057 6,911 6,612 6,605 6,407 6,060 6,337 6,502 6,187 6,864 7,030 6,908

Elementary education

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 34,876 34,334 33,162 34,725 35,762 39,547 43,423 49,104 52,884 50,619 49,485 48,733

Master’s degrees ......... 10,588 9,226 9,075 9,550 10,238 11,053 11,690 12,184 12,597 13,122 13,234 12,958

Doctor’s degrees ......... 145 127 130 110 104 97 90 88 85 88 76 91

Teacher education,

academic and

vocational programs

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 37,867 35,868 34,216 32,260 32,234 32,550 33,589 35,113 35,703 34,273 34,742 34,428

Master’s degrees ......... 16,034 15,142 14,531 13,927 14,323 15,005 15,740 15,873 16,208 16,413 16,467 16,106

Doctor’s degrees ......... 1,013 1,054 968 944 899 839 908 867 828 865 821 832

Engineering

Bachelor’s degrees ......... 89,018 94,185 95,828 95,660 92,816 88,506 85,002 81,322 78,650 77,541 78,051 78,225

Master’s degrees ............. 19,344 20,655 21,555 21,657 22,654 23,385 24,568 24,772 24,958 25,977 28,726 29,754

Doctor’s degrees ............. 2,831 2,981 3,230 3,410 3,818 4,191 4,523 4,981 5,272 5,499 5,843 5,979

Electrical, electronics, and

communications

engineering

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 18,049 19,943 21,691 23,742 24,547 23,597 21,908 20,711 19,320 17,958 17,281 15,823

Master’s degrees ......... 4,531 5,078 5,153 5,534 6,183 6,688 7,028 7,225 7,095 7,360 7,870 7,791

Doctor’s degrees ......... 550 585 660 722 724 860 998 1,162 1,220 1,282 1,413 1,470

Mechanical engineering

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 15,675 16,629 16,794 16,194 15,450 14,900 14,843 14,336 13,977 14,067 14,464 15,030

Master’s degrees ......... 2,511 2,797 3,053 3,075 3,198 3,329 3,498 3,424 3,516 3,653 3,982 4,099

Doctor’s degrees ......... 299 319 409 426 528 596 633 742 757 851 871 887

Health professions and

related sciences

Bachelor’s degrees ......... 64,685 64,288 64,422 64,396 63,103 60,644 59,005 58,300 59,071 61,720 67,089 74,421

Master’s degrees ............. 17,047 17,411 17,385 18,573 18,394 18,657 19,268 20,321 21,200 23,065 25,718 28,025

Doctor’s degrees ............. 1,155 1,164 1,199 1,241 1,213 1,261 1,437 1,536 1,613 1,661 1,767 1,902

Health and medical

laboratory technologies

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 4,356 4,415 4,406 4,016 3,660 2,958 2,696 2,527 2,471 2,375 2,458 2,763

Master’s degrees ......... 1,300 1,483 1,264 1,220 1,284 1,350 1,291 1,318 1,373 464 380 481

Doctor’s degrees ......... 96 164 116 112 112 153 146 116 133 89 111 80

Nursing

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 32,525 33,569 34,473 34,483 34,273 31,929 30,165 28,822 29,361 31,029 34,792 39,076

Master’s degrees ......... 5,946 5,745 5,821 6,154 6,277 6,540 6,503 6,790 7,129 7,512 8,151 8,991

Doctor’s degrees ......... 175 220 273 277 275 283 372 319 408 408 396 382
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 75

Table 4.—Bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, and first-professional degrees conferred, by selected fields of

study: 1969–70 to 1993–94—Continued

Field of study and degree

level 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94

1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Mathematics

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 12,719 13,764 15,861 17,147 16,999 16,608 15,994 15,176 15,310 14,783 14,812 14,396

Master’s degrees ......... 3,398 3,244 3,413 3,607 3,730 3,867 3,903 4,146 4,041 4,011 4,067 4,100

Doctor’s degrees ......... 731 743 734 777 759 796 915 966 1,036 1,082 1,189 1,157

Physical sciences and

science technologies

Bachelor’s degrees ......... 23,381 23,651 23,704 21,717 20,070 17,806 17,186 16,066 16,344 16,960 17,545 18,400

Master’s degrees ............. 5,290 5,576 5,796 5,902 5,629 5,733 5,723 5,449 5,309 5,374 5,366 5,679

Doctor’s degrees ............. 3,269 3,306 3,403 3,551 3,673 3,809 3,858 4,164 4,290 4,391 4,393 4,650

Physics

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 3,793 3,907 4,097 4,180 4,318 4,100 4,352 4,155 4,236 4,098 4,063 4,001

Master’s degrees ......... 1,369 1,532 1,523 1,501 1,543 1,675 1,736 1,831 1,725 1,834 1,777 1,945

Doctor’s degrees ......... 873 953 951 1,010 1,074 1,093 1,112 1,192 1,209 1,337 1,277 1,465

Chemistry

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 10,796 10,704 10,482 10,116 9,670 9,052 8,625 8,132 8,321 8,641 8,914 9,425

Master’s degrees ......... 1,622 1,667 1,719 1,754 1,738 1,708 1,774 1,682 1,665 1,780 1,842 1,999

Doctor’s degrees ......... 1,746 1,744 1,789 1,908 1,976 1,995 2,037 2,183 2,238 2,280 2,261 2,353

Social sciences and

history

Bachelor’s degrees ......... 95,228 93,323 91,570 93,840 96,342 100,460 108,151 118,083 125,107 133,974 135,703 133,680

Master’s degrees ............. 11,205 10,577 10,503 10,564 10,506 10,412 11,023 11,634 12,233 12,702 13,471 14,561

Doctor’s degrees ............. 2,931 2,911 2,851 2,955 2,916 2,781 2,885 3,010 3,012 3,218 3,460 3,627

History

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 16,467 16,643 16,049 16,415 16,997 18,207 20,159 22,476 24,541 26,966 27,774 27,503

Master’s degrees ......... 2,041 1,940 1,921 1,961 2,021 2,093 2,121 2,369 2,591 2,754 2,952 3,009

Doctor’s degrees ......... 575 561 468 497 534 517 487 570 606 644 690 752

Sociology

Bachelor’s degrees ...... 14,105 13,145 11,968 12,271 12,239 13,024 14,435 16,035 17,550 19,568 20,896 22,368

Master’s degrees ......... 1,112 1,008 1,022 965 950 984 1,135 1,198 1,260 1,347 1,521 1,639

Doctor’s degrees ......... 522 520 480 504 451 452 451 432 465 501 536 530

First-professional degrees

Dentistry .......................... 5,585 5,353 5,339 5,046 4,741 4,477 4,265 4,100 3,699 3,593 3,605 3,787

Medicine .......................... 15,484 15,813 16,041 15,938 15,428 15,358 15,460 15,075 15,043 15,243 15,531 15,368

Law .................................. 36,853 37,012 37,491 35,844 36,056 35,397 35,634 36,485 37,945 38,848 40,302 40,044

NOTE.—The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 1991–92.

The figures for earlier years have been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have

been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture and natural resources’’ includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural

sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services, and ‘‘Engineering’’ includes Engineering,

Engineering-related technologies, Mechanics and Repairers, and Construction Trades.

SOURCE.—U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1997.)
76 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 5.—Percent of bachelor’s, master’s, first-professional, and doctor’s degrees conferred to women, by selected

fields of study: 1969–70 to 1993–94

Field of study and degree

level 1969–70 1970–71 1971–72 1972–73 1973–74 1974–75 1975–76 1976–77 1977–78 1978–79 1979–80 1980–81 1981–82

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Agriculture and natural

resources

Bachelor’s .................... 4.1 4.2 5.5 7.4 9.7 14.1 18.3 22.3 24.6 27.1 29.6 30.8 31.3

Master’s ....................... 6.3 5.9 7.1 7.8 9.8 11.9 14.3 14.7 18.8 20.2 22.5 23.5 25.2

Doctor’s ........................ 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 3.5 3.3 6.6 6.9 6.4 7.7 11.3 11.9 14.3

Biological sciences/life

sciences

Bachelor’s .................... 29.7 29.1 29.4 29.8 31.2 33.1 34.6 36.2 38.4 40.2 42.1 44.1 45.4

Master’s ....................... 31.5 33.6 33.0 30.5 30.5 30.0 31.7 33.7 35.4 37.6 37.1 38.9 41.7

Doctor’s ........................ 14.3 16.3 17.0 19.5 20.3 22.0 21.5 21.4 24.1 25.6 26.0 28.3 29.1

Business

Bachelor’s .................... 8.7 9.1 9.5 10.6 12.8 16.3 19.8 23.5 27.3 30.6 33.7 36.9 39.4

Master’s ....................... 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.9 6.6 8.5 11.7 14.4 16.9 19.2 22.4 25.1 27.9

Doctor’s ........................ 1.6 2.8 2.2 5.8 5.3 4.2 5.4 6.3 8.5 11.8 14.7 15.1 18.0

Computer and information

sciences

Bachelor’s .................... 12.9 13.6 13.6 14.9 16.4 18.9 19.8 23.9 25.7 28.1 30.2 32.5 34.8

Master’s ....................... 9.3 10.3 11.4 10.6 12.9 14.7 14.5 16.7 18.7 18.8 20.9 23.0 26.5

Doctor’s ........................ 1.9 2.3 7.2 7.7 4.5 6.6 9.4 8.8 7.7 12.7 11.3 9.9 8.4

Education

Bachelor’s .................... 75.3 74.5 74.1 73.6 73.5 73.3 72.8 72.2 72.5 73.2 73.8 75.0 75.8

Master’s ....................... 55.4 56.2 57.4 58.3 60.0 62.3 64.4 66.0 67.8 68.7 70.2 71.5 72.3

Doctor’s ........................ 19.8 21.0 23.2 24.3 26.4 30.4 33.0 34.2 39.0 41.8 43.9 47.2 48.4

Engineering

Bachelor’s .................... 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.2 3.2 4.5 6.7 8.3 9.3 10.3 11.4

Master’s ....................... 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.4 3.6 4.4 5.3 6.1 7.0 8.2 9.1

Doctor’s ........................ 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.8 2.3 3.3 3.8 4.1 5.3

Health professions and

related sciences

Bachelor’s .................... 68.6 77.1 75.5 76.9 77.4 77.7 78.8 79.2 80.5 82.0 82.2 83.5 84.1

Master’s ....................... 52.0 55.3 56.4 57.3 60.2 61.7 66.4 67.9 70.2 71.0 72.3 73.9 75.7

Doctor’s ........................ 16.2 16.5 18.1 24.9 22.7 28.6 28.8 32.0 38.5 36.8 44.7 43.6 45.6

Mathematics

Bachelor’s .................... 37.4 37.9 38.9 40.0 40.7 41.2 40.1 41.1 40.3 40.8 41.5 42.1 42.8

Master’s ....................... 29.6 27.1 28.2 28.1 28.7 30.3 31.4 32.8 31.8 32.1 33.1 31.5 30.8

Doctor’s ........................ 7.8 7.6 7.7 9.4 9.2 10.7 10.7 12.9 14.9 16.3 13.6 15.4 13.6

Physical sciences and

science technologies

Bachelor’s .................... 13.6 13.8 14.9 14.8 16.5 18.2 19.2 20.0 21.3 22.5 23.7 24.6 25.7

Master’s ....................... 14.2 13.3 14.0 13.5 14.5 14.4 15.0 16.5 16.9 18.2 18.6 20.5 21.7

Doctor’s ........................ 5.4 5.6 6.7 6.7 7.0 8.3 8.7 9.5 10.0 11.3 12.4 12.0 13.7

Social sciences and

history

Bachelor’s .................... 35.9 36.8 36.2 36.1 36.4 37.3 37.7 39.2 40.5 41.8 43.6 44.2 44.6

Master’s ....................... 28.3 28.5 28.1 27.9 28.8 30.1 31.6 33.0 33.1 35.2 36.0 37.6 37.8

Doctor’s ........................ 12.8 13.9 14.7 15.6 18.0 20.8 21.5 22.2 24.3 25.8 27.0 27.2 26.9

First-professional degrees

Dentistry ....................... 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.9 3.1 4.4 7.3 10.9 11.8 13.3 14.4 15.4

Medicine ....................... 8.4 9.1 9.0 8.9 11.1 13.1 16.2 19.1 21.5 23.0 23.4 24.7 25.0

Law .............................. 5.4 7.1 6.9 8.0 11.4 15.1 19.2 22.5 26.0 28.5 30.2 32.4 33.4
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 77

Table 5.—Percent of bachelor’s, master’s, first-professional, and doctor’s degrees conferred to women, by selected

fields of study: 1969–70 to 1993–94—Continued

Field of study and degree

level 1982–83 1983–84 1984–85 1985–86 1986–87 1987–88 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94

1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Agriculture and natural

resources

Bachelor’s .................... 32.6 31.6 31.1 31.4 31.2 31.5 31.1 31.6 32.7 34.7 34.0 35.0

Master’s ....................... 26.4 28.5 27.5 28.9 30.2 30.2 31.2 33.8 34.4 35.4 37.5 38.9

Doctor’s ........................ 12.6 14.6 14.6 16.6 17.0 18.9 19.7 19.8 19.6 20.7 25.1 23.2

Biological sciences/life

sciences

Bachelor’s .................... 46.1 46.8 47.8 48.1 48.4 50.4 50.2 50.8 50.9 51.6 51.4 51.2

Master’s ....................... 43.6 44.6 47.7 47.8 48.7 49.4 49.8 50.8 51.7 51.9 50.7 52.6

Doctor’s ........................ 32.2 30.7 32.8 33.6 34.9 35.3 36.5 37.7 37.0 38.3 39.9 40.7

Business

Bachelor’s .................... 42.0 43.5 45.1 45.7 46.5 46.7 46.8 46.8 47.2 47.2 47.2 47.6

Master’s ....................... 29.0 30.2 31.0 31.1 33.1 33.6 33.6 34.0 35.0 35.4 35.7 36.5

Doctor’s ........................ 17.0 21.4 17.2 21.9 23.9 23.8 27.3 25.2 26.1 23.3 28.0 28.2

Computer and information

sciences

Bachelor’s .................... 36.3 37.1 36.8 35.7 34.7 32.4 30.8 29.9 29.3 28.7 28.1 28.4

Master’s ....................... 28.3 29.3 28.7 29.9 29.4 26.9 28.0 28.1 29.6 27.8 27.1 25.8

Doctor’s ........................ 13.0 10.4 10.1 13.1 13.9 11.2 15.4 14.8 13.6 13.3 14.4 15.4

Education

Bachelor’s .................... 75.8 76.0 75.9 75.9 76.2 77.0 77.6 78.1 78.9 79.0 78.4 77.3

Master’s ....................... 72.6 72.1 72.5 72.9 73.9 75.0 75.4 75.9 76.6 77.1 76.9 76.7

Doctor’s ........................ 49.7 50.1 52.0 53.2 54.3 54.8 57.3 57.3 57.8 59.5 59.2 60.8

Engineering

Bachelor’s .................... 12.3 12.8 13.1 13.1 13.7 13.7 13.6 13.8 13.9 14.0 14.4 14.9

Master’s ....................... 9.3 10.4 10.7 11.5 12.6 12.4 13.0 13.8 14.1 14.8 14.9 15.5

Doctor’s ........................ 4.4 5.5 6.4 6.7 6.9 7.0 8.8 8.9 9.2 9.6 9.6 11.1

Health professions and

related sciences

Bachelor’s .................... 84.2 84.4 84.9 85.0 85.5 85.3 85.0 84.4 83.8 83.5 83.1 82.4

Master’s ....................... 75.2 75.6 76.3 76.2 78.9 78.3 78.1 77.7 79.0 79.7 79.7 79.3

Doctor’s ........................ 43.8 50.7 52.9 51.3 53.5 56.5 57.6 54.2 57.0 58.0 57.4 58.5

Mathematics

Bachelor’s .................... 43.6 43.9 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.3 45.8 45.7 46.6 46.6 47.2 46.3

Master’s ....................... 31.8 32.9 32.9 33.5 37.6 38.2 38.0 38.1 39.5 38.9 39.6 38.1

Doctor’s ........................ 16.4 17.4 15.5 16.6 17.3 16.1 19.5 17.8 19.2 21.3 23.8 21.9

Physical sciences and

science technologies

Bachelor’s .................... 27.3 27.6 28.0 27.5 28.4 30.4 29.7 31.3 31.6 32.6 32.6 33.6

Master’s ....................... 21.4 23.5 23.2 24.3 25.0 24.6 26.6 26.4 27.7 27.3 29.0 29.2

Doctor’s ........................ 14.0 14.9 16.2 16.6 17.3 18.0 20.0 19.4 19.7 21.9 21.9 21.7

Social sciences and

history

Bachelor’s .................... 44.6 44.1 44.1 43.8 44.0 43.9 44.4 44.2 45.1 45.5 45.8 46.1

Master’s ....................... 37.8 38.1 38.4 39.2 39.3 39.4 40.1 40.7 42.6 43.0 43.1 44.0

Doctor’s ........................ 30.3 30.3 32.2 33.3 30.5 33.5 32.4 32.9 35.1 33.9 36.3 36.1

First-professional degrees

Dentistry ....................... 17.1 19.6 20.7 22.6 24.0 26.3 26.8 30.9 32.1 32.3 33.9 38.5

Medicine ...................... 26.7 28.2 30.4 30.8 32.4 33.1 33.3 34.2 36.0 35.7 37.7 37.9

Law .............................. 36.1 36.8 38.5 39.0 40.2 40.5 40.9 42.2 43.0 42.7 42.5 43.0

NOTE.—The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 1991–92.

The figures for earlier years have been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have

been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture and natural resources’’ includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural

sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services; and ‘‘Engineering’’ includes Engineering,

Engineering-related technologies, Mechanics and repairers, and Construction trades.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS),’’Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1997.)
78 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 6.—Percent 1 of bachelor’s, master’s, doctor’s, and first-professional degrees conferred to resident minority

students, by field of study: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94

Field of study and degree level 1976–77 1978–79 1980–81 1984–85 1986–87 1988–89 1989–90 1990–91 1991–92 1992–93 1993–94

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Agriculture and natural

resources

Bachelor’s ............................. 3.9 4.2 4.9 5.3 6.0 6.4 6.9 6.9 7.4 7.2 7.5

Master’s ................................. 6.5 6.8 6.4 7.1 6.9 7.0 6.7 7.8 8.1 8.9 13.0

Doctor’s ................................. 9.0 8.8 8.3 11.4 9.3 8.8 8.7 8.1 9.2 9.0 10.5

Biological sciences/life sciences

Bachelor’s ............................. 9.3 10.9 11.9 14.5 16.0 17.9 18.7 19.4 20.9 21.9 22.9

Master’s ................................. 6.9 7.9 7.1 10.1 10.6 11.4 11.0 12.5 14.7 16.0 15.0

Doctor’s ................................. 6.5 6.5 7.3 8.5 9.2 9.7 9.1 10.5 11.8 12.9 14.0

Business

Bachelor’s ............................. 10.5 10.8 11.3 12.0 12.0 13.0 13.3 14.3 15.4 16.9 18.8

Master’s ................................. 7.6 9.0 9.6 10.1 11.1 12.0 11.8 12.3 13.0 14.5 15.8

Doctor’s ................................. 5.5 5.4 9.4 8.8 11.7 11.1 10.6 10.8 12.8 9.6 12.8

Computer and information

sciences

Bachelor’s ............................. 10.4 11.2 12.4 14.1 18.1 20.8 22.0 22.3 23.3 25.0 26.2

Master’s ................................. 9.4 10.1 13.0 17.8 19.3 20.9 21.1 23.7 26.4 26.2 29.2

Doctor’s ................................. 6.4 6.9 8.0 11.8 11.7 16.1 13.1 13.1 13.5 15.5 18.1

Education

Bachelor’s ............................. 12.3 12.8 12.7 10.7 9.3 8.5 8.4 8.9 9.3 9.6 10.7

Master’s ................................. 13.6 13.6 13.5 13.2 11.7 10.9 11.5 11.7 12.2 12.6 13.5

Doctor’s ................................. 12.6 12.5 12.5 12.7 13.1 12.5 13.2 13.2 13.4 14.0 14.5

Engineering

Bachelor’s ............................. 8.0 8.6 10.0 12.3 14.9 16.3 17.1 18.3 18.8 19.5 20.1

Master’s ................................. 10.1 11.6 14.0 15.6 16.9 17.9 17.0 18.3 19.9 19.4 20.1

Doctor’s ................................. 10.1 14.2 15.2 22.5 17.6 17.1 18.9 18.9 20.1 17.7 20.8

Health professions and related

sciences

Bachelor’s ............................. 9.1 9.3 10.0 11.2 11.2 12.6 13.7 14.2 14.1 14.5 14.5

Master’s ................................. 9.9 9.6 10.4 10.2 10.2 10.5 11.0 11.1 11.6 12.1 12.6

Doctor’s ................................. 8.9 6.1 8.6 10.6 9.1 8.5 11.7 11.8 10.9 11.7 13.3

Mathematics

Bachelor’s ............................. 9.2 10.6 11.1 13.9 14.1 15.0 14.4 15.3 16.1 16.8 18.3

Master’s ................................. 8.3 8.2 10.0 12.7 13.4 11.7 12.5 14.6 12.7 13.5 14.8

Doctor’s ................................. 8.1 8.5 8.6 14.9 13.8 10.6 13.6 13.1 13.2 13.1 17.1

Physical sciences and science

technologies

Bachelor’s ............................. 6.6 6.8 8.5 9.3 11.6 12.6 13.4 14.2 14.1 14.9 15.2

Master’s ................................. 6.7 7.0 7.3 9.4 10.0 10.6 10.5 11.8 13.9 13.2 14.2

Doctor’s ................................. 6.6 7.6 6.3 10.0 9.5 10.4 10.2 10.2 12.0 11.9 15.3

Social sciences and history

Bachelor’s ............................. 13.4 13.2 13.3 12.9 13.0 13.8 14.0 14.7 16.1 17.0 18.8

Master’s ................................. 11.6 11.2 11.4 12.7 11.2 11.8 12.2 13.0 13.0 13.9 14.6

Doctor’s ................................. 7.7 8.6 8.7 11.7 10.6 13.0 12.3 12.3 12.6 11.8 12.7

First-professional degrees

Dentistry ................................ 8.1 9.0 9.2 13.3 16.5 19.8 22.7 25.3 28.7 27.1 26.9

Law ........................................ 7.5 7.8 8.6 9.1 10.1 10.4 11.1 11.5 12.4 14.3 16.0

Medicine ................................ 9.3 10.2 10.8 12.7 14.0 16.6 19.0 20.5 22.5 23.4 25.7

1Percent based on all resident students, excluding nonresident aliens.

NOTE.—The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 1991–92.

The figures for earlier years have been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have

been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture and natural resources’’ includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural

sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services; and ‘‘Engineering’’ includes Engineering,

Engineering-related technologies, Mechanics and repairers, and Construction trades.

SOURCE.—U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), ‘‘Degrees and Other Formal

Awards Conferred’’ survey and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System

(IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This table was prepared February 1997.)
Table 7.—Bachelor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 

Discipline division

1969–70 1 1970–71 1 1971–72 1 1972–73 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

Total ........................................................ 792,316 451,097 341,219 839,730 475,594 364,136 887,273 500,590 386,683 922,362 518,191 404,171 

Agriculture and natural resources ............... 12,382 11,876 506 12,672 12,136 536 13,516 12,779 737 14,756 13,661 1,095 Architecture and related programs ............. 4,105 3,888 217 5,570 4,906 664 6,440 5,667 773 6,962 6,042 920 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ............... 2,121 993 1,128 2,582 1,229 1,353 3,044 1,486 1,558 3,512 1,669 1,843 Biological sciences/life sciences ................. 34,034 23,919 10,115 35,743 25,333 10,410 37,293 26,323 10,970 42,233 29,636 12,597 Business ...................................................... 105,580 96,346 9,234 114,729 104,275 10,454 121,266 109,688 11,578 126,144 112,783 13,361 Communications .......................................... 11,158 8,680 2,478 10,324 6,659 3,665 11,860 7,625 4,235 13,959 8,815 5,144 Communications technologies .................... — — — 478 330 148 480 339 141 358 259 99 Computer and information sciences ........... 1,544 1,345 199 2,388 2,064 324 3,402 2,941 461 4,304 3,664 640 Education .................................................... 163,964 40,420 123,544 176,307 44,896 131,411 190,880 49,344 141,536 193,984 51,300 142,684 Engineering ................................................. 44,479 44,149 330 44,898 44,540 358 45,392 44,912 480 46,411 45,850 561 Engineering-related technologies ................ — — — 5,148 5,106 42 5,772 5,726 46 4,854 4,802 52 English language and literature/letters ....... 56,410 18,650 37,760 64,342 22,155 42,187 63,976 22,657 41,319 61,003 22,156 38,847 Foreign languages and literatures .............. 21,109 5,613 15,496 20,536 5,335 15,201 19,543 5,043 14,500 19,760 4,971 14,789 Health professions and related sciences .... 25,029 7,864 17,165 25,226 5,788 19,438 28,611 7,005 21,606 33,564 7,754 25,810 Home economics and vocational home

economics ................................................ 10,217 290 9,927 11,167 301 10,866 12,072 427 11,645 13,533 503 13,030 

Law and legal studies ................................. 555 529 26 545 518 27 503 470 33 474 434 40 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ........................... 11,183 7,618 3,565 7,481 4,971 2,510 9,487 6,459 3,028 10,702 7,020 3,682 

Library science ............................................ 1,203 90 1,113 1,013 81 932 989 66 923 1,159 87 1,072 Mathematics ................................................ 27,442 17,177 10,265 24,937 15,498 9,439 23,807 14,542 9,265 23,186 13,910 9,276 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ...................... — — — 6,286 4,853 1,433 6,860 4,867 1,993 9,590 6,513 3,077 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness

studies ..................................................... 1,416 892 524 1,621 1,058 563 2,161 1,438 723 2,724 1,701 1,023 

Philosophy and religion ............................... 7,530 5,809 1,721 8,146 6,126 2,020 8,535 6,337 2,198 9,142 6,706 2,436 Physical sciences and science

technologies ............................................. 21,439 18,522 2,917 21,412 18,459 2,953 20,745 17,663 3,082 20,696 17,626 3,070 

Precision production trades ........................ — — — — — — — — — — — — Protective services ...................................... — — — 2,045 1,856 189 2,913 2,564 349 4,381 3,790 591 Psychology .................................................. 33,679 19,077 14,602 38,187 21,227 16,960 43,433 23,352 20,081 47,940 25,117 22,823 Public administration and services ............. 4,414 1,247 3,167 5,466 1,726 3,740 7,508 2,588 4,920 10,690 3,998 6,692 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ............. 1,618 1,618 0 357 356 1 206 206 0 81 81 0 Social sciences and history ........................ 149,270 95,704 53,566 155,324 98,173 57,151 158,060 100,895 57,165 155,970 99,735 56,235 Theological studies and religious vocations 3,827 2,732 1,095 3,744 2,727 1,017 3,882 2,803 1,079 3,534 2,621 913 Transportation and material moving

workers .................................................... 707 702 5 662 656 6 806 798 8 739 720 19 

Visual and performing arts .......................... 35,901 15,347 20,554 30,394 12,256 18,138 33,831 13,580 20,251 36,017 14,267 21,750 Not classified by field of study .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Table 7.—Bachelor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–

Discipline division 1974–75 1 1975–76 1 1976–77 1 1977–78 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 

Total ........................................................ 922,933 504,841 418,092 925,746 504,925 420,821 919,549 495,545 424,004 921,204 487,347 433,857 

Agriculture and natural resources ............... 17,528 15,061 2,467 19,402 15,845 3,557 21,467 16,690 4,777 22,650 17,069 5,581 Architecture and related programs ............. 8,226 6,791 1,435 9,146 7,396 1,750 9,222 7,249 1,973 9,250 7,054 2,196 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ............... 3,544 1,637 1,907 3,577 1,612 1,965 3,450 1,536 1,914 3,257 1,362 1,895 Biological sciences/life sciences ................. 51,741 34,612 17,129 54,275 35,520 18,755 53,605 34,218 19,387 51,502 31,705 19,797 Business ...................................................... 132,731 111,144 21,587 142,034 113,954 28,080 150,765 115,353 35,412 159,691 116,171 43,520 Communications .......................................... 18,156 10,706 7,450 20,045 11,580 8,465 21,698 11,911 9,787 23,873 12,526 11,347 Communications technologies .................... 1,092 749 343 1,237 878 359 1,516 1,021 495 1,527 954 573 Computer and information sciences ........... 5,033 4,080 953 5,652 4,534 1,118 6,407 4,876 1,531 7,201 5,349 1,852 Education .................................................... 166,758 44,463 122,295 154,437 42,004 112,433 143,234 39,867 103,367 135,821 37,410 98,411 Engineering ................................................. 39,388 38,566 822 38,388 37,093 1,295 40,936 38,914 2,022 46,869 43,405 3,464 Engineering-related technologies ................ 7,464 7,272 192 7,943 7,778 165 8,347 8,151 196 8,785 8,540 245 English language and literature/letters ....... 47,619 17,880 29,739 42,006 16,073 25,933 37,794 14,295 23,499 35,328 13,137 22,191 Foreign languages and literatures .............. 18,521 4,508 14,013 16,484 4,067 12,417 14,999 3,765 11,234 13,767 3,482 10,285 Health professions and related sciences .... 49,090 10,930 38,160 53,958 11,456 42,502 57,328 11,947 45,381 59,434 11,593 47,841 Home economics and vocational home

economics ................................................ 16,772 680 16,092 17,409 720 16,689 17,439 722 16,717 17,621 785 16,836 

Law and legal studies ................................. 436 374 62 531 431 100 559 405 154 653 466 187 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ........................... 16,553 8,775 7,778 18,855 9,398 9,457 20,463 9,839 10,624 23,509 11,425 12,084 

Library science ............................................ 1,069 80 989 843 58 785 781 71 710 693 80 613 Mathematics ................................................ 18,460 10,853 7,607 16,329 9,788 6,541 14,395 8,476 5,919 13,065 7,806 5,259 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ...................... 11,664 7,592 4,072 13,588 8,500 5,088 13,449 8,146 5,303 12,129 7,385 4,744 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness

studies ..................................................... 4,518 2,567 1,951 5,182 2,848 2,334 5,514 2,889 2,625 5,623 2,764 2,859 

Philosophy and religion ............................... 8,997 6,396 2,601 8,447 5,915 2,532 8,158 5,752 2,406 7,907 5,459 2,448 Physical sciences and science

technologies ............................................. 20,778 16,992 3,786 21,465 17,353 4,112 22,497 17,996 4,501 22,986 18,090 4,896 

Precision production trades ........................ — — — — — — — — — — — — Protective services ...................................... 9,956 8,284 1,672 12,507 10,196 2,311 14,530 11,546 2,984 14,885 10,921 3,964 Psychology .................................................. 51,245 24,284 26,961 50,278 22,898 27,380 47,861 20,627 27,234 44,879 18,422 26,457 Public administration and services ............. 13,661 4,630 9,031 15,440 5,706 9,734 16,136 5,544 10,592 16,607 5,096 11,511 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ............. 173 173 0 952 951 1 711 710 1 134 133 1 Social sciences and history ........................ 135,190 84,826 50,364 126,396 78,691 47,705 117,040 71,128 45,912 112,952 67,217 45,735 Theological studies and religious vocations 4,809 3,490 1,319 5,520 4,009 1,511 6,109 4,534 1,575 6,319 4,793 1,526 Transportation and material moving

workers .................................................... 979 914 65 1,282 1,182 100 1,346 1,201 145 1,336 1,176 160 

Visual and performing arts .......................... 40,782 15,532 25,250 42,138 16,491 25,647 41,793 16,166 25,627 40,951 15,572 25,379 Not classified by field of study .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Table 7.—Bachelor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–

Discipline division

1979–80 1 1980–81 1 1981–82 1 1982–83 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 

Total ........................................................ 929,417 473,611 455,806 935,140 469,883 465,257 952,998 473,364 479,634 969,510 479,140 490,370 

Agriculture and natural resources ............... 22,802 16,045 6,757 21,886 15,154 6,732 21,029 14,443 6,586 20,909 14,085 6,824 Architecture and related programs ............. 9,132 6,596 2,536 9,455 6,800 2,655 9,728 6,825 2,903 9,823 6,403 3,420 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ............... 2,840 1,125 1,715 2,887 1,148 1,739 2,862 1,032 1,830 3,068 1,101 1,967 Biological sciences/life sciences ................. 46,370 26,828 19,542 43,216 24,149 19,067 41,639 22,754 18,885 39,982 21,564 18,418 Business ...................................................... 184,867 122,508 62,359 198,983 125,523 73,460 213,374 129,262 84,112 226,627 131,538 95,089 Communications .......................................... 26,927 12,727 14,200 29,428 13,183 16,245 32,428 13,947 18,481 36,954 15,318 21,636 Communications technologies .................... 1,689 929 760 1,854 996 858 1,794 970 824 1,613 843 770 Computer and information sciences ........... 11,154 7,782 3,372 15,121 10,202 4,919 20,267 13,218 7,049 24,510 15,606 8,904 Education .................................................... 118,038 30,901 87,137 108,074 27,039 81,035 100,932 24,380 76,552 97,895 23,644 74,251 Engineering ................................................. 58,402 52,487 5,915 63,287 56,263 7,024 67,021 58,790 8,231 72,163 62,574 9,589 Engineering-related technologies ................ 10,491 10,001 490 11,713 11,038 675 12,984 12,109 875 16,855 15,522 1,333 English language and literature/letters ....... 32,541 11,380 21,161 32,254 11,198 21,056 33,419 11,414 22,005 31,829 10,859 20,970 Foreign languages and literatures .............. 12,089 3,048 9,041 11,273 2,866 8,407 10,756 2,741 8,015 10,599 2,822 7,777 Health professions and related sciences .... 63,920 11,391 52,529 63,649 10,519 53,130 63,653 10,105 53,548 64,685 10,218 54,467 Home economics and vocational home

economics ................................................ 18,411 861 17,550 18,370 916 17,454 17,872 1,016 16,856 16,296 910 15,386 

Law and legal studies ................................. 683 372 311 776 388 388 846 416 430 1,099 457 642 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ........................... 23,196 10,666 12,530 21,643 9,709 11,934 21,089 9,107 11,982 21,603 9,710 11,893 

Library science ............................................ 398 20 378 375 22 353 307 43 264 254 26 228 Mathematics ................................................ 11,872 6,951 4,921 11,433 6,614 4,819 12,226 6,999 5,227 12,719 7,175 5,544 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ...................... 11,277 6,531 4,746 12,848 7,175 5,673 14,707 8,037 6,670 14,107 7,500 6,607 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness

studies ..................................................... 5,753 2,401 3,352 5,729 2,223 3,506 5,335 2,006 3,329 5,214 1,930 3,284 

Philosophy and religion ............................... 7,069 4,802 2,267 6,776 4,556 2,220 6,309 4,208 2,101 6,483 4,341 2,142 Physical sciences and science

technologies ............................................. 23,410 17,864 5,546 23,952 18,064 5,888 24,052 17,866 6,186 23,381 16,993 6,388 

Precision production trades ........................ — — — — — — — — — 384 314 70 Protective services ...................................... 15,015 9,995 5,020 13,707 8,703 5,004 12,438 7,686 4,752 12,579 7,610 4,969 Psychology .................................................. 42,093 15,440 26,653 41,068 14,332 26,736 41,212 13,645 27,567 40,460 13,131 27,329 Public administration and services ............. 16,644 4,451 12,193 16,707 4,248 12,459 16,495 4,176 12,319 14,414 3,343 11,071 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ............. 38 37 1 42 40 2 55 55 0 267 238 29 Social sciences and history ........................ 103,662 58,511 45,151 100,513 56,131 44,382 99,705 55,196 44,509 95,228 52,771 42,457 Theological studies and religious vocations 6,207 4,625 1,582 5,841 4,358 1,483 5,998 4,461 1,537 6,054 4,412 1,642 Transportation and material moving

workers .................................................... 1,535 1,271 264 1,801 1,528 273 2,044 1,638 406 1,662 1,492 170 

Visual and performing arts .......................... 40,892 15,065 25,827 40,479 14,798 25,681 40,422 14,819 25,603 39,794 14,690 25,104 Not classified by field of study .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Table 7.—Bachelor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–

Discipline division 1984–85 1 1985–86 1 1986–87 1 1987–88 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 

Total ........................................................ 979,477 482,528 496,949 987,823 485,923 501,900 991,264 480,782 510,482 994,829 477,203 517,626 1

Agriculture and natural resources ............... 18,107 12,477 5,630 16,823 11,544 5,279 14,991 10,314 4,677 14,222 9,744 4,478 Architecture and related programs ............. 9,325 6,019 3,306 9,119 5,824 3,295 8,950 5,617 3,333 8,603 5,271 3,332 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ............... 2,985 1,104 1,881 3,178 1,264 1,914 3,427 1,253 2,174 3,601 1,392 2,209 Biological sciences/life sciences ................. 38,445 20,064 18,381 38,524 19,993 18,531 38,121 19,657 18,464 36,755 18,245 18,510 Business ...................................................... 232,636 127,659 104,977 237,319 128,780 108,539 240,546 128,603 111,943 243,021 129,552 113,469 Communications .......................................... 40,358 16,318 24,040 41,666 16,887 24,779 43,953 17,386 26,567 45,410 17,857 27,553 Communications technologies .................... 1,644 857 787 1,410 752 658 1,384 724 660 1,239 670 569 Computer and information sciences ........... 38,878 24,579 14,299 41,889 26,923 14,966 39,589 25,865 13,724 34,523 23,331 11,192 Education .................................................... 88,072 21,252 66,820 87,114 20,959 66,155 86,936 20,729 66,207 91,112 20,988 70,124 Engineering ................................................. 77,066 65,889 11,177 76,225 65,194 11,031 73,747 62,496 11,251 69,380 58,742 10,638 Engineering-related technologies ................ 18,762 17,343 1,419 19,435 17,923 1,512 19,069 17,608 1,461 19,126 17,630 1,496 English language and literature/letters ....... 33,218 11,334 21,884 34,552 11,819 22,733 36,284 12,353 23,931 38,661 12,836 25,825 Foreign languages and literatures .............. 10,827 2,979 7,848 10,984 3,130 7,854 11,034 3,116 7,918 10,926 3,053 7,873 Health professions and related sciences .... 64,422 9,741 54,681 64,396 9,630 54,766 63,103 9,134 53,969 60,644 8,929 51,715 Home economics and vocational home

economics ................................................ 15,157 993 14,164 14,889 1,032 13,857 14,417 1,090 13,327 14,320 1,188 13,132 

Law and legal studies ................................. 1,157 449 708 1,197 419 778 1,178 370 808 1,303 413 890 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ........................... 21,818 9,507 12,311 21,336 9,415 11,921 23,717 10,191 13,526 24,274 10,387 13,887 

Library science ............................................ 197 23 174 155 17 138 136 20 116 119 17 102 Mathematics ................................................ 15,861 8,537 7,324 17,147 9,216 7,931 16,999 9,110 7,889 16,608 8,919 7,689 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ...................... 12,978 6,576 6,402 13,489 6,730 6,759 13,933 6,718 7,215 14,723 7,298 7,425 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness

studies ..................................................... 4,725 1,792 2,933 4,620 1,725 2,895 4,264 1,690 2,574 4,235 1,744 2,491 

Philosophy and religion ............................... 6,400 4,244 2,156 6,239 4,161 2,078 5,984 3,845 2,139 5,963 3,855 2,108 Physical sciences and science

technologies ............................................. 23,704 17,069 6,635 21,717 15,755 5,962 20,070 14,372 5,698 17,806 12,389 5,417 

Precision production trades ........................ 553 357 196 400 328 72 455 332 123 481 308 173 Protective services ...................................... 12,510 7,694 4,816 12,704 7,963 4,741 12,930 7,974 4,956 13,367 8,352 5,015 Psychology .................................................. 39,900 12,706 27,194 40,628 12,605 28,023 42,994 13,362 29,632 45,187 13,538 31,649 Public administration and services ............. 11,754 2,829 8,925 11,887 2,966 8,921 12,328 2,993 9,335 12,385 2,923 9,462 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ............. 299 273 26 256 235 21 384 358 26 82 74 8 Social sciences and history ........................ 91,570 51,226 40,344 93,840 52,724 41,116 96,342 53,949 42,393 100,460 56,377 44,083 Theological studies and religious vocations 6,047 4,411 1,636 5,607 4,127 1,480 5,730 4,331 1,399 5,565 4,173 1,392 Transportation and material moving

workers .................................................... 1,962 1,765 197 1,837 1,647 190 1,654 1,471 183 1,983 1,809 174 

Visual and performing arts .......................... 38,140 14,462 23,678 37,241 14,236 23,005 36,615 13,751 22,864 36,944 14,068 22,876 Not classified by field of study .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,801 1,131 670 
Table 7.—Bachelor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–

Discipline division

1989–90 1 1990–91 1 1991–92 1992–93 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 

Total ..................................................... 1,051,344 491,696 559,648 1,094,538 504,045 590,493 1,136,553 520,811 615,742 1,165,178 532,881 632,297 1

Agriculture and natural resources ............ 12,900 8,822 4,078 13,124 8,832 4,292 15,124 9,869 5,255 16,778 11,080 5,698 Architecture and related programs .......... 9,364 5,703 3,661 9,781 5,788 3,993 8,753 5,805 2,948 9,167 5,940 3,227 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ............ 4,613 1,768 2,845 4,884 1,860 3,024 5,342 1,907 3,435 5,481 1,977 3,504 Biological sciences/life sciences .............. 37,204 18,312 18,892 39,530 19,412 20,118 42,941 20,798 22,143 47,038 22,842 24,196 Business ................................................... 248,698 132,329 116,369 249,311 131,624 117,687 256,603 135,440 121,163 256,842 135,573 121,269 Communications ...................................... 50,114 19,591 30,523 51,650 20,043 31,607 54,257 21,150 33,107 53,874 21,601 32,273 Communications technologies ................. 1,194 627 567 1,123 602 521 720 347 373 832 427 405 Computer and information sciences ........ 27,257 19,117 8,140 25,083 17,726 7,357 24,557 17,510 7,047 24,200 17,403 6,797 Education ................................................. 105,112 23,007 82,105 110,807 23,417 87,390 108,006 22,686 85,320 107,781 23,233 84,548 Engineering .............................................. 63,609 53,804 9,805 61,531 52,043 9,488 61,206 51,768 9,438 61,973 52,185 9,788 Engineering-related technologies ............ 17,713 16,267 1,446 17,119 15,695 1,424 16,335 14,948 1,387 16,078 14,651 1,427 English language and literature/letters .... 47,519 15,662 31,857 51,841 17,146 34,695 54,951 18,536 36,415 56,133 19,247 36,886 Foreign languages and literatures ........... 12,386 3,387 8,999 13,133 3,739 9,394 13,903 3,985 9,918 14,387 4,158 10,229 Health professions and related sciences . 58,302 9,118 49,184 59,070 9,596 49,474 61,720 10,189 51,531 67,089 11,347 55,742 Home economics and vocational home

economics ............................................ 14,491 1,454 13,037 14,892 1,564 13,328 14,898 1,687 13,211 15,100 1,638 13,462 

Law and legal studies .............................. 1,592 514 1,078 1,758 573 1,185 2,144 701 1,443 2,056 667 1,389 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ....................... 27,985 11,395 16,590 30,526 12,247 18,279 32,174 12,784 19,390 33,456 13,275 20,181 

Library science ......................................... 77 13 64 90 6 84 97 8 89 83 9 74 Mathematics ............................................. 15,176 8,236 6,940 15,310 8,178 7,132 14,783 7,888 6,895 14,812 7,827 6,985 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ................... 16,267 7,843 8,424 17,561 8,036 9,525 20,647 8,628 12,019 23,955 8,917 15,038 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness

studies .................................................. 4,582 2,016 2,566 4,315 1,869 2,446 8,446 4,144 4,302 9,859 4,885 4,974 

Philosophy and religion ............................ 6,868 4,402 2,466 7,315 4,657 2,658 7,526 4,752 2,774 7,781 4,938 2,843 Physical sciences and science

technologies ......................................... 16,066 11,031 5,035 16,344 11,176 5,168 16,960 11,431 5,529 17,545 11,825 5,720 

Precision production trades ..................... 528 388 140 460 309 151 378 280 98 388 281 107 Protective services ................................... 15,354 9,519 5,835 16,806 10,405 6,401 18,855 11,659 7,196 20,902 13,020 7,882 Psychology ............................................... 53,952 15,336 38,616 58,655 16,067 42,588 63,513 17,031 46,482 66,728 17,908 48,820 Public administration and services .......... 13,908 3,334 10,574 14,350 3,215 11,135 15,987 3,479 12,508 16,775 3,801 12,974 R.O.T.C. and military technologies .......... 196 177 19 183 157 26 184 158 26 11 11 0 Social sciences and history ..................... 118,083 65,887 52,196 125,107 68,701 56,406 133,974 73,001 60,973 135,703 73,589 62,114 Theological studies and religious vocations ...................................................... 5,200 3,950 1,250 4,813 3,649 1,164 4,729 3,552 1,177 5,433 4,168 1,265 Transportation and material moving

workers ................................................. 2,387 2,119 268 2,622 2,331 291 3,598 3,239 359 3,930 3,508 422 

Visual and performing arts ....................... 39,934 15,189 24,745 42,186 15,761 26,425 46,522 17,616 28,906 47,761 18,610 29,151 Not classified by field of study ................. 2,713 1,379 1,334 13,258 7,621 5,637 6,720 3,835 2,885 5,247 2,340 2,907 

1 Revised from previously published data.

NOTE.—The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 1991–92. The figures for earlier years have

been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certainaggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture andnatural resources’’ includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services; and ‘‘Engineering-related technologies’’ includes Engineering-related technologies, Mechanics and repairers, and Construction trades.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stati

Awards Conferred’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (This table was prepared February 1997.)
Table 8.—Master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1

Discipline division 1969–70 1 1970–71 1 1971–72 1 1972–73 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

Total ........................................................ 208,291 125,624 82,667 230,509 138,146 92,363 251,633 149,550 102,083 263,371 154,468 108,903 

Agriculture and natural resources ............... 2,197 2,059 138 2,457 2,313 144 2,680 2,490 190 2,807 2,588 219 Architecture and related programs ............. 1,427 1,260 167 1,705 1,469 236 1,899 1,626 273 2,307 1,943 364 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ............... 782 474 308 1,032 637 395 1,001 590 411 1,053 664 389 Biological sciences/life sciences ................. 5,800 3,975 1,825 5,728 3,805 1,923 6,101 4,087 2,014 6,263 4,354 1,909 Business ...................................................... 21,561 20,792 769 25,977 24,967 1,010 30,028 28,845 1,183 30,638 29,128 1,510 Communications .......................................... 992 687 305 1,770 1,158 612 2,043 1,342 701 2,308 1,489 819 Communications technologies .................... — — — 86 56 30 157 101 56 98 57 41 Computer and information sciences ........... 1,459 1,324 135 1,588 1,424 164 1,977 1,752 225 2,113 1,888 225 Education .................................................... 78,020 34,832 43,188 87,666 38,365 49,301 96,668 41,141 55,527 103,777 43,298 60,479 Engineering ................................................. 15,593 15,421 172 16,309 16,124 185 16,723 16,452 271 16,497 16,221 276 Engineering-related technologies ................ — — — 134 134 0 237 236 1 122 120 2 English language and literature/letters ....... 8,517 3,326 5,191 10,686 4,211 6,475 10,579 4,123 6,456 10,239 4,063 6,176 Foreign languages and literatures .............. 5,137 1,917 3,220 5,217 1,866 3,351 5,111 1,857 3,254 4,858 1,828 3,030 Health professions and related sciences .... 4,488 2,153 2,335 5,749 2,567 3,182 7,207 3,141 4,066 8,362 3,567 4,795 Home economics and vocational home

economics ................................................ 1,297 75 1,222 1,452 88 1,364 1,666 122 1,544 1,679 156 1,523 

Law and legal studies ................................. 884 846 38 955 909 46 917 867 50 1,048 977 71 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ........................... 2,187 1,374 813 885 490 395 1,241 637 604 1,425 550 875 

Library science ............................................ 6,511 1,104 5,407 7,001 1,311 5,690 7,383 1,484 5,899 7,696 1,676 6,020 Mathematics ................................................ 5,636 3,966 1,670 5,695 4,149 1,546 5,537 3,976 1,561 5,397 3,878 1,519 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ...................... — — — 821 616 205 902 665 237 1,121 834 287 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness

studies ..................................................... 282 193 89 218 153 65 369 250 119 391 260 131 

Philosophy and religion ............................... 1,055 839 216 1,326 894 432 1,386 931 455 1,218 840 378 Physical sciences and science

technologies ............................................. 5,935 5,093 842 6,367 5,521 846 6,287 5,404 883 6,257 5,414 843 

Precision production trades ........................ — — — — — — — — — — — — Protective services ...................................... — — — 194 174 20 211 195 16 342 276 66 Psychology .................................................. 5,158 2,975 2,183 5,717 3,395 2,322 6,764 3,934 2,830 7,619 4,325 3,294 Public administration and services ............. 6,755 3,183 3,572 7,785 3,893 3,892 8,756 4,537 4,219 10,068 5,271 4,797 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ............. 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ........................ 15,877 11,391 4,486 16,539 11,833 4,706 17,445 12,540 4,905 17,477 12,605 4,872 Theological studies and religious vocations 2,854 2,169 685 2,710 2,049 661 2,755 2,110 645 2,778 2,036 742 Transportation and material moving

workers .................................................... 38 38 0 63 63 0 66 66 0 159 157 2 

Visual and performing arts .......................... 7,849 4,158 3,691 6,675 3,510 3,165 7,537 4,049 3,488 7,254 4,005 3,249 Not classified by field of study .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Table 8.—Master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–9

Discipline division

1974–75 1 1975–76 1 1976–77 1 1977–78 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 

Total ....................................................... 292,450 161,570 130,880 311,771 167,248 144,523 317,164 167,783 149,381 311,620 161,212 150,408 

Agriculture and natural resources ............. 3,067 2,703 364 3,340 2,862 478 3,724 3,177 547 4,023 3,268 755 Architecture and related programs ............ 2,938 2,343 595 3,215 2,545 670 3,213 2,489 724 3,115 2,304 811 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies .............. 1,166 663 503 995 543 452 1,052 554 498 981 516 465 Biological sciences/life sciences ............... 6,550 4,587 1,963 6,582 4,497 2,085 7,114 4,718 2,396 6,806 4,400 2,406 Business .................................................... 35,758 32,732 3,026 42,054 37,145 4,909 46,006 39,400 6,606 47,837 39,743 8,094 Communications ........................................ 2,644 1,554 1,090 2,961 1,708 1,253 2,870 1,591 1,279 3,077 1,528 1,549 Communications technologies ................... 150 64 86 165 110 55 221 128 93 219 145 74 Computer and information sciences .......... 2,299 1,961 338 2,603 2,226 377 2,798 2,332 466 3,038 2,471 567 Education ................................................... 117,841 44,430 73,411 126,061 44,831 81,230 124,267 42,308 81,959 116,916 37,662 79,254 Engineering ................................................ 15,127 14,756 371 16,014 15,446 568 15,961 15,264 697 16,038 15,198 840 Engineering-related technologies .............. 221 217 4 328 314 14 284 261 23 360 335 25 English language and literature/letters ...... 9,444 3,569 5,875 8,809 3,383 5,426 8,016 2,985 5,031 7,655 2,706 4,949 Foreign languages and literatures ............. 4,431 1,542 2,889 4,190 1,459 2,731 3,832 1,257 2,575 3,377 1,080 2,297 Health professions and related sciences .. 10,692 4,092 6,600 12,556 4,217 8,339 12,951 4,163 8,788 14,325 4,265 10,060 Home economics and vocational home

economics .............................................. 1,901 203 1,698 2,179 186 1,993 2,334 207 2,127 2,613 212 2,401 

Law and legal studies ................................ 1,245 1,145 100 1,442 1,269 173 1,574 1,366 208 1,786 1,525 261 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ......................... 2,394 971 1,423 2,633 1,205 1,428 2,324 1,107 1,217 2,259 1,062 1,197 

Library science .......................................... 8,091 1,719 6,372 8,037 1,741 6,296 7,572 1,546 6,026 6,914 1,384 5,530 Mathematics .............................................. 4,816 3,358 1,458 4,315 2,961 1,354 4,109 2,762 1,347 3,862 2,635 1,227 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ..................... 1,174 894 280 1,158 824 334 2,174 1,720 454 2,228 1,744 484 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness

studies .................................................... 604 413 191 571 357 214 609 387 222 574 327 247 

Philosophy and religion ............................. 1,402 927 475 1,356 911 445 1,300 846 454 1,249 707 542 Physical sciences and science

technologies ........................................... 5,807 4,969 838 5,466 4,648 818 5,331 4,450 881 5,561 4,620 941 

Precision production trades ....................... ————————————Protective services .................................... 993 854 139 1,197 995 202 1,681 1,393 288 1,902 1,511 391 Psychology ................................................ 9,394 5,035 4,359 10,167 5,136 5,031 10,859 5,293 5,566 10,282 4,670 5,612 Public administration and services ............ 13,617 7,200 6,417 15,209 7,969 7,240 17,026 8,810 8,216 17,337 8,513 8,824 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 42 1 45 44 1 Social sciences and history ....................... 16,977 11,875 5,102 15,953 10,918 5,035 15,533 10,413 5,120 14,718 9,845 4,873 Theological studies and religious vocations ........................................................ 3,228 2,230 998 3,290 2,232 1,058 3,625 2,488 1,137 3,329 2,314 1,015 Transportation and material moving

workers ................................................... 117 116 1 108 103 5 125 115 10 158 151 7 

Visual and performing arts ........................ 8,362 4,448 3,914 8,817 4,507 4,310 8,636 4,211 4,425 9,036 4,327 4,709 Not classified by field of study .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Table 8.—Master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–9

Discipline division 1979–80 1 1980–81 1 1981–82 1 1982–83 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 

Total ....................................................... 298,081 150,749 147,332 295,739 147,043 148,696 295,546 145,532 150,014 289,921 144,697 145,224 

Agriculture and natural resources ............. 3,976 3,082 894 4,003 3,061 942 4,163 3,114 1,049 4,254 3,129 1,125 Architecture and related programs ............ 3,139 2,245 894 3,153 2,234 919 3,327 2,242 1,085 3,357 2,224 1,133 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies .............. 852 442 410 804 398 406 809 410 399 845 411 434 Biological sciences/life sciences ............... 6,510 4,098 2,412 5,978 3,654 2,324 5,874 3,426 2,448 5,696 3,214 2,482 Business .................................................... 54,484 42,288 12,196 57,391 42,980 14,411 60,763 43,807 16,956 64,758 45,999 18,759 Communications ........................................ 2,911 1,422 1,489 2,896 1,352 1,544 3,104 1,450 1,654 3,502 1,611 1,891 Communications technologies ................... 171 105 66 209 96 113 223 128 95 102 50 52 Computer and information sciences .......... 3,647 2,883 764 4,218 3,247 971 4,935 3,625 1,310 5,321 3,813 1,508 Education ................................................... 101,819 30,300 71,519 96,713 27,548 69,165 91,601 25,339 66,262 83,250 22,823 60,427 Engineering ................................................ 15,904 14,782 1,122 16,386 15,063 1,323 17,526 15,953 1,573 18,807 17,063 1,744 Engineering-related technologies .............. 339 319 20 323 284 39 413 358 55 537 485 52 English language and literature/letters ...... 6,189 2,233 3,956 5,929 2,092 3,837 5,772 1,983 3,789 5,048 1,710 3,338 Foreign languages and literatures ............. 2,854 929 1,925 2,690 927 1,763 2,657 882 1,775 2,478 908 1,570 Health professions and related sciences .. 15,704 4,357 11,347 16,515 4,316 12,199 16,503 4,006 12,497 17,047 4,235 12,812 Home economics and vocational home

economics .............................................. 2,690 234 2,456 2,570 252 2,318 2,355 201 2,154 2,385 220 2,165 

Law and legal studies ................................ 1,817 1,531 286 1,832 1,506 326 1,893 1,510 383 2,091 1,603 488 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ......................... 2,646 1,265 1,381 2,375 1,194 1,181 2,425 1,103 1,322 1,286 502 784 

Library science .......................................... 5,374 1,004 4,370 4,859 841 4,018 4,506 799 3,707 3,904 716 3,188 Mathematics .............................................. 3,382 2,262 1,120 3,074 2,106 968 3,263 2,257 1,006 3,398 2,316 1,082 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ..................... 2,306 1,596 710 2,144 1,527 617 2,553 1,737 816 2,499 1,487 1,012 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness

studies .................................................... 647 297 350 643 303 340 526 276 250 608 273 335 

Philosophy and religion ............................. 1,204 719 485 1,229 728 501 1,152 688 464 1,091 667 424 Physical sciences and science

technologies ........................................... 5,219 4,248 971 5,284 4,200 1,084 5,514 4,318 1,196 5,290 4,157 1,133 

Precision production trades ....................... ————————— 0 0 0 Protective services .................................... 1,805 1,413 392 1,538 1,140 398 1,336 974 362 1,300 951 349 Psychology ................................................ 9,938 4,096 5,842 10,223 4,066 6,157 9,947 3,823 6,124 9,981 3,647 6,334 Public administration and services ............ 17,560 7,866 9,694 17,803 7,460 10,343 17,416 6,975 10,441 16,046 5,961 10,085 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ........... 46 46 0 43 43 0 49 48 1 110 109 1 Social sciences and history ....................... 12,176 7,794 4,382 11,945 7,457 4,488 12,002 7,468 4,534 11,205 6,974 4,231 Theological studies and religious vocations ........................................................ 3,922 2,705 1,217 4,220 2,801 1,419 4,064 2,650 1,414 4,871 3,339 1,532 Transportation and material moving

workers ................................................... 142 121 21 120 111 9 129 116 13 91 87 4 

Visual and performing arts ........................ 8,708 4,067 4,641 8,629 4,056 4,573 8,746 3,866 4,880 8,763 4,013 4,750 Not classified by field of study .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Table 8.—Master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–9

Discipline division

1984–85 1 1985–86 1 1986–87 1 1987–88 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 

Total ....................................................... 286,251 143,390 142,861 288,567 143,508 145,059 289,349 141,269 148,080 299,317 145,163 154,154 

Agriculture and natural resources ............. 3,928 2,846 1,082 3,801 2,701 1,100 3,522 2,460 1,062 3,479 2,427 1,052 Architecture and related programs ............ 3,275 2,148 1,127 3,260 2,129 1,131 3,163 2,086 1,077 3,159 2,042 1,117 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies .............. 904 473 431 945 490 455 864 458 406 911 490 421 Biological sciences/life sciences ............... 5,059 2,647 2,412 5,013 2,616 2,397 4,952 2,538 2,414 4,784 2,423 2,361 Business .................................................... 66,996 46,209 20,787 66,689 45,938 20,751 67,093 44,913 22,180 69,230 45,980 23,250 Communications ........................................ 3,460 1,447 2,013 3,500 1,405 2,095 3,622 1,441 2,181 3,678 1,446 2,232 Communications technologies ................... 209 129 80 323 205 118 271 149 122 247 122 125 Computer and information sciences .......... 7,101 5,064 2,037 8,070 5,658 2,412 8,481 5,985 2,496 9,197 6,726 2,471 Education ................................................... 74,654 20,537 54,117 74,801 20,295 54,506 74,045 19,293 54,752 76,566 19,108 57,458 Engineering ................................................ 20,905 18,664 2,241 21,040 18,647 2,393 22,015 19,250 2,765 22,627 19,837 2,790 Engineering-related technologies .............. 650 583 67 617 518 99 639 554 85 758 639 119 English language and literature/letters ...... 5,187 1,786 3,401 5,518 1,881 3,637 5,483 1,891 3,592 5,562 1,870 3,692 Foreign languages and literatures ............. 2,471 837 1,634 2,494 797 1,697 2,379 766 1,613 2,469 844 1,625 Health professions and related sciences .. 17,385 4,119 13,266 18,573 4,428 14,145 18,394 3,874 14,520 18,657 4,047 14,610 Home economics and vocational home

economics .............................................. 2,375 279 2,096 2,294 281 2,013 2,064 256 1,808 2,047 246 1,801 

Law and legal studies ................................ 1,796 1,377 419 1,924 1,441 483 1,943 1,423 520 1,880 1,386 494 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ......................... 1,696 637 1,059 1,586 620 966 1,581 622 959 1,814 687 1,127 

Library science .......................................... 3,870 753 3,117 3,564 705 2,859 3,783 788 2,995 3,674 780 2,894 Mathematics .............................................. 3,413 2,289 1,124 3,607 2,397 1,210 3,730 2,328 1,402 3,867 2,391 1,476 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ..................... 2,583 1,618 965 2,625 1,603 1,022 2,482 1,553 929 2,575 1,590 985 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness

studies .................................................... 596 267 329 570 269 301 560 244 316 544 238 306 

Philosophy and religion ............................. 1,167 701 466 1,163 713 450 1,109 698 411 1,099 677 422 Physical sciences and science

technologies ........................................... 5,796 4,452 1,344 5,902 4,470 1,432 5,629 4,219 1,410 5,733 4,324 1,409 

Precision production trades ....................... 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 Protective services .................................... 1,235 850 385 1,074 748 326 1,019 719 300 1,024 727 297 Psychology ................................................ 9,891 3,452 6,439 9,845 3,347 6,498 9,562 3,172 6,390 9,180 2,923 6,257 Public administration and services ............ 15,575 5,573 10,002 15,692 5,594 10,098 16,432 5,673 10,759 16,424 5,631 10,793 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ........... 119 118 1 83 81 2 119 118 1 49 48 1 Social sciences and history ....................... 10,503 6,475 4,028 10,564 6,419 4,145 10,506 6,373 4,133 10,412 6,310 4,102 Theological studies and religious vocations ........................................................ 4,435 2,881 1,554 4,556 2,902 1,654 4,966 3,249 1,717 4,905 3,251 1,654 Transportation and material moving

workers ................................................... 295 282 13 454 435 19 433 420 13 679 635 44 

Visual and performing arts ........................ 8,718 3,894 4,824 8,420 3,775 4,645 8,508 3,756 4,752 7,939 3,442 4,497 Not classified by field of study .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,144 1,873 2,271 
Table 8.—Master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–9

Discipline division 1989–90 1 1990–91 1 1991–92 1992–93 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 

Total ....................................................... 324,301 153,653 170,648 337,168 156,482 180,686 352,838 161,842 190,996 369,585 169,258 200,327 

Agriculture and natural resources ............. 3,382 2,239 1,143 3,295 2,160 1,135 3,735 2,413 1,322 3,965 2,477 1,488 Architecture and related programs ............ 3,499 2,228 1,271 3,490 2,244 1,246 3,640 2,271 1,369 3,808 2,376 1,432 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies .............. 1,212 650 562 1,263 637 626 1,385 688 697 1,523 732 791 Biological sciences/life sciences ............... 4,869 2,395 2,474 4,765 2,302 2,463 4,785 2,301 2,484 4,756 2,343 2,413 Business .................................................... 76,676 50,585 26,091 78,255 50,883 27,372 84,642 54,705 29,937 89,615 57,651 31,964 Communications ........................................ 4,063 1,557 2,506 4,123 1,618 2,505 4,180 1,537 2,643 4,754 1,725 3,029 Communications technologies ................... 299 150 149 213 93 120 284 155 129 455 255 200 Computer and information sciences .......... 9,677 6,960 2,717 9,324 6,563 2,761 9,530 6,884 2,646 10,163 7,410 2,753 Education ................................................... 84,881 20,467 64,414 87,343 20,448 66,895 92,668 21,244 71,424 96,028 22,197 73,831 Engineering ................................................ 23,863 20,612 3,251 23,962 20,615 3,347 24,983 21,327 3,656 27,626 23,537 4,089 Engineering-related technologies .............. 909 745 164 996 815 181 994 816 178 1,100 917 183 English language and literature/letters ...... 6,567 2,205 4,362 7,026 2,296 4,730 7,450 2,513 4,937 7,790 2,667 5,123 Foreign languages and literatures ............. 2,760 900 1,860 2,800 918 1,882 2,926 971 1,955 3,198 1,062 2,136 Health professions and related sciences .. 20,321 4,534 15,787 21,200 4,444 16,756 23,065 4,691 18,374 25,718 5,227 20,491 Home economics and vocational home

economics .............................................. 2,100 305 1,795 2,019 299 1,720 2,412 409 2,003 2,479 422 2,057 

Law and legal studies ................................ 1,888 1,318 570 2,057 1,443 614 2,369 1,597 772 2,197 1,481 716 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ......................... 1,999 721 1,278 2,213 745 1,468 2,394 870 1,524 2,416 840 1,576 

Library science .......................................... 4,341 981 3,360 4,763 991 3,772 4,893 992 3,901 4,871 961 3,910 Mathematics .............................................. 4,146 2,568 1,578 4,041 2,446 1,595 4,011 2,452 1,559 4,067 2,455 1,612 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ..................... 2,834 1,700 1,134 1,796 915 881 2,126 995 1,131 2,498 1,221 1,277 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ........................................................... 529 211 318 483 206 277 1,358 650 708 1,434 714 720 Philosophy and religion ............................. 1,306 824 482 1,441 833 608 1,146 731 415 1,425 988 437 Physical sciences and science technologies .................................................. 5,449 4,010 1,439 5,309 3,837 1,472 5,374 3,909 1,465 5,366 3,808 1,558 Precision production trades ....................... 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 Protective services .................................... 1,151 791 360 1,108 739 369 1,249 797 452 1,357 837 520 Psychology ................................................ 10,730 3,377 7,353 11,349 3,329 8,020 10,215 2,988 7,227 10,957 3,029 7,928 Public administration and services ............ 17,399 5,634 11,765 17,905 5,679 12,226 19,243 5,769 13,474 20,634 6,105 14,529 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 108 100 8 Social sciences and history ....................... 11,634 6,898 4,736 12,233 7,016 5,217 12,702 7,237 5,465 13,471 7,671 5,800 Theological studies and religious vocations ........................................................ 4,959 3,149 1,810 4,810 3,075 1,735 5,185 3,199 1,986 4,985 2,989 1,996 Transportation and material moving workers .......................................................... 538 504 34 406 377 29 385 354 31 495 456 39 Visual and performing arts ........................ 8,481 3,706 4,775 8,657 3,830 4,827 9,353 4,078 5,275 9,440 4,099 5,341 Not classified by field of study .................. 1,836 727 1,109 8,523 4,686 3,837 4,156 2,299 1,857 884 504 380 

1 Revised from previously published data.

NOTE.—The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 1991–92. The figures for earlier years have

been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certainaggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture andnatural resources’’ includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services; and ‘‘Engineering-related technologies’’ includes Engineering-related technologies, Mechanics and repairers, and Construction trades.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stati

Awards Conferred’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (This table was prepared February 1997.)
Table 9.—Doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1

Discipline division

1969–70 1 1970–71 1 1971–72 1 1972–73 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

Total ........................................................ 29,866 25,890 3,976 32,107 27,530 4,577 33,363 28,090 5,273 34,777 28,571 6,206 

Agriculture and natural resources ............... 1,004 976 28 1,086 1,055 31 971 945 26 1,059 1,031 28 Architecture and related programs ............. 35 33 2 36 33 3 50 43 7 58 54 4 Area, ethnic and cultural studies ................ 135 118 17 144 120 24 155 127 28 163 117 46 Biological sciences/life sciences ................. 3,289 2,820 469 3,645 3,050 595 3,653 3,031 622 3,636 2,926 710 Business ...................................................... 620 610 10 757 736 21 859 840 19 902 850 52 Communications .......................................... 27 27 0 145 126 19 105 90 15 139 114 25 Communications technologies .................... — — — 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 0 Computer and information sciences ........... 107 105 2 128 125 3 167 155 12 196 181 15 Education .................................................... 5,588 4,479 1,109 6,041 4,771 1,270 6,648 5,104 1,544 6,857 5,191 1,666 Engineering ................................................. 3,681 3,657 24 3,637 3,614 23 3,656 3,634 22 3,473 3,419 54 Engineering-related technologies ................ — — — 1 1 0 15 15 0 19 19 0 English language and literature/letters ....... 1,213 837 376 1,650 1,175 475 1,826 1,233 593 1,935 1,258 677 Foreign languages and literatures .............. 869 579 290 988 646 342 1,038 678 360 1,226 757 469 Health professions and related sciences .... 357 299 58 466 389 77 442 362 80 646 485 161 Home economics and vocational home

economics ................................................ 116 33 83 123 48 75 104 30 74 165 40 125 

Law and legal studies ................................. 35 32 3 20 20 0 40 39 1 37 36 1 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ........................... 140 119 21 32 22 10 42 29 13 29 21 8 

Library science ............................................ 40 24 16 39 28 11 64 36 28 102 60 42 Mathematics ................................................ 1,236 1,140 96 1,249 1,154 95 1,165 1,075 90 1,089 987 102 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ...................... — — — 59 55 4 106 97 9 170 144 26 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness

studies ..................................................... 12 10 2 2 1 1 12 9 3 14 10 4 

Philosophy and religion ............................... 483 432 51 554 510 44 563 498 65 580 499 81 Physical sciences and science

technologies ............................................. 4,312 4,077 235 4,390 4,144 246 4,103 3,830 273 4,006 3,738 268 

Precision production trades ........................ — — — — — — — — — — — — Protective services ...................................... — — — 1 1 0 3 3 0 3 3 0 Psychology .................................................. 1,962 1,505 457 2,144 1,629 515 2,277 1,694 583 2,550 1,797 753 Public administration and services ............. 131 97 34 174 132 42 193 150 43 198 160 38 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ........................ 3,457 3,013 444 3,660 3,153 507 4,081 3,483 598 4,234 3,573 661 Theological studies and religious vocations 281 274 7 312 306 6 441 420 21 666 644 22 Transportation and material moving

workers .................................................... 2 2 0 3 3 0 6 6 0 9 8 1 

Visual and performing arts .......................... 734 592 142 621 483 138 572 428 144 616 449 167 Not classified by field of study .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Table 9.—Doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–9

Discipline division 1974–75 1 1975–76 1 1976–77 1 1977–78 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 

Total ....................................................... 34,083 26,817 7,266 34,064 26,267 7,797 33,232 25,142 8,090 32,131 23,658 8,473 

Agriculture and natural resources ............. 991 958 33 928 867 61 893 831 62 971 909 62 Architecture and related programs ............ 69 58 11 82 69 13 73 62 11 73 57 16 Area, ethnic and cultural studies ............... 165 127 38 188 125 63 153 104 49 145 100 45 Biological sciences/life sciences ............... 3,384 2,641 743 3,392 2,663 729 3,397 2,671 726 3,309 2,511 798 Business .................................................... 936 897 39 900 851 49 827 775 52 823 753 70 Communications ........................................ 162 118 44 196 147 49 162 124 38 179 128 51 Communications technologies ................... 3 1 2 8 7 1 9 6 3 12 10 2 Computer and information sciences .......... 213 199 14 244 221 23 216 197 19 196 181 15 Education ................................................... 6,975 4,856 2,119 7,202 4,826 2,376 7,338 4,832 2,506 7,018 4,281 2,737 Engineering ................................................ 3,106 3,040 66 2,819 2,753 66 2,583 2,510 73 2,437 2,380 57 Engineering-related technologies .............. 2 2 0 2 2 0 3 3 0 3 3 0 English language and literature/letters ...... 1,711 1,025 686 1,672 967 705 1,508 841 667 1,400 758 642 Foreign languages and literatures ............. 1,097 608 489 1,076 563 513 967 500 467 865 425 440 Health professions and related sciences .. 618 441 177 577 411 166 538 366 172 654 402 252 Home economics and vocational home

economics .............................................. 156 51 105 178 51 127 160 37 123 203 58 145 

Law and legal studies ................................ 21 21 0 76 73 3 60 52 8 39 34 5 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ......................... 82 48 34 162 105 57 125 73 52 139 93 46 

Library science .......................................... 56 33 23 71 39 32 75 35 40 67 43 24 Mathematics .............................................. 1,048 936 112 909 812 97 859 748 111 848 722 126 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ..................... 188 148 40 111 80 31 179 138 41 162 112 50 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness

studies .................................................... 14 11 3 15 13 2 15 12 3 10 9 1 

Philosophy and religion ............................. 544 470 74 554 471 83 468 379 89 444 368 76 Physical sciences and science

technologies ........................................... 3,626 3,325 301 3,431 3,132 299 3,341 3,022 319 3,133 2,821 312 

Precision production trades ....................... ————————————Protective services .................................... 11 11 0 9 9 0 10 8 2 17 12 5 Psychology ................................................ 2,913 1,979 934 3,157 2,115 1,042 3,386 2,127 1,259 3,164 1,974 1,190 Public administration and services ............ 257 192 65 292 192 100 292 197 95 357 237 120 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ....................... 4,212 3,334 878 4,157 3,262 895 3,802 2,957 845 3,594 2,722 872 Theological studies and religious vocations ........................................................ 872 839 33 1,033 991 42 1,125 1,083 42 1,160 1,106 54 Transportation and material moving

workers ................................................... 2 2 0 3 3 0 6 5 1 1 1 0 

Visual and performing arts ........................ 649 446 203 620 447 173 662 447 215 708 448 260 Not classified by field of study .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Table 9.—Doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–9

Discipline division

1979–80 1 1980–81 1 1981–82 1 1982–83 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 

Total ....................................................... 32,615 22,943 9,672 32,958 22,711 10,247 32,707 22,224 10,483 32,775 21,902 10,873 

Agriculture and natural resources ............. 991 879 112 1,067 940 127 1,079 925 154 1,149 1,004 145 Architecture and related programs ............ 79 66 13 93 73 20 80 58 22 97 74 23 Area, ethnic and cultural studies ............... 151 99 52 162 103 59 102 58 44 155 90 65 Biological sciences/life sciences ............... 3,636 2,690 946 3,718 2,666 1,052 3,743 2,654 1,089 3,341 2,266 1,075 Business .................................................... 753 642 111 795 675 120 815 668 147 776 644 132 Communications ........................................ 182 112 70 171 98 73 182 124 58 205 120 85 Communications technologies ................... 11 9 2 11 9 2 18 12 6 9 6 3 Computer and information sciences .......... 240 213 27 252 227 25 251 230 21 262 228 34 Education ................................................... 7,314 4,100 3,214 7,279 3,843 3,436 6,999 3,612 3,387 7,057 3,547 3,510 Engineering ................................................ 2,502 2,407 95 2,551 2,447 104 2,621 2,483 138 2,818 2,693 125 Engineering-related technologies .............. 5 5 0 10 10 0 15 13 2 13 13 0 English language and literature/letters ...... 1,294 686 608 1,164 553 611 1,101 511 590 991 471 520 Foreign languages and literatures ............. 755 358 397 804 403 401 748 358 390 673 308 365 Health professions and related sciences .. 786 435 351 842 475 367 925 503 422 1,155 649 506 Home economics and vocational home

economics .............................................. 192 46 146 247 78 169 247 73 174 255 84 171 

Law and legal studies ................................ 40 36 4 60 56 4 22 20 2 72 55 17 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies and humanities .......................... 192 133 59 121 61 60 155 90 65 215 113 102 

Library science .......................................... 73 35 38 71 31 40 84 31 53 52 21 31 Mathematics .............................................. 763 659 104 775 656 119 721 623 98 731 611 120 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ..................... 209 150 59 158 109 49 238 152 86 225 148 77 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness

studies .................................................... 21 13 8 42 30 12 33 26 7 33 23 10 

Philosophy and religion ............................. 374 297 77 410 328 82 364 287 77 404 306 98 Physical sciences and science

technologies ........................................... 3,089 2,705 384 3,141 2,765 376 3,286 2,835 451 3,269 2,811 458 

Precision production trades ....................... ————————— 0 0 0 Protective services .................................... 18 15 3 21 13 8 24 14 10 38 30 8 Psychology ................................................ 3,395 1,921 1,474 3,576 2,002 1,574 3,461 1,856 1,605 3,602 1,838 1,764 Public administration and services ............ 342 216 126 362 212 150 372 205 167 347 184 163 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ....................... 3,230 2,357 873 3,122 2,274 848 3,061 2,237 824 2,931 2,042 889 Theological studies and religious vocations ........................................................ 1,319 1,242 77 1,276 1,175 101 1,288 1,185 103 1,208 1,119 89 Transportation and material moving

workers ................................................... 4 4 0 3 3 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 

Visual and performing arts ........................ 655 413 242 654 396 258 670 380 290 692 404 288 Not classified by field of study .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
Table 9.—Doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–9

Discipline division 1984–85 1 1985–86 1 1986–87 1 1987–88 1 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 

Total ....................................................... 32,943 21,700 11,243 33,653 21,819 11,834 34,041 22,061 11,980 34,870 22,615 12,255 

Agriculture and natural resources ............. 1,213 1,036 177 1,158 966 192 1,049 871 178 1,142 926 216 Architecture and related programs ............ 89 66 23 73 56 17 92 66 26 98 66 32 Area, ethnic and cultural studies ............... 140 87 53 159 89 70 134 73 61 142 71 71 Biological sciences/life sciences ............... 3,432 2,307 1,125 3,358 2,229 1,129 3,419 2,225 1,194 3,629 2,349 1,280 Business .................................................... 831 688 143 934 729 205 1,062 808 254 1,063 810 253 Communications ........................................ 228 138 90 212 111 101 273 157 116 230 132 98 Communications technologies ................... 6 5 1 11 5 6 2 1 1 4 2 2 Computer and information sciences .......... 248 223 25 344 299 45 374 322 52 428 380 48 Education ................................................... 6,612 3,172 3,440 6,605 3,088 3,517 6,407 2,931 3,476 6,060 2,739 3,321 Engineering ................................................ 3,221 3,014 207 3,398 3,170 228 3,801 3,540 261 4,174 3,881 293 Engineering-related technologies .............. 9 8 1 12 11 1 17 15 2 17 17 0 English language and literature/letters ...... 1,041 470 571 991 428 563 961 415 546 981 428 553 Foreign languages and literatures ............. 635 286 349 672 300 372 661 284 377 602 282 320 Health professions and related sciences .. 1,199 565 634 1,241 604 637 1,213 564 649 1,261 548 713 Home economics and vocational home

economics .............................................. 273 78 195 311 78 233 296 65 231 307 82 225 

Law and legal studies ................................ 105 88 17 54 48 6 120 79 41 89 66 23 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ......................... 112 56 56 90 52 38 56 28 28 66 39 27 

Library science .......................................... 87 39 48 62 27 35 57 18 39 46 22 24 Mathematics .............................................. 734 620 114 777 648 129 759 628 131 796 668 128 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ..................... 219 145 74 263 171 92 247 161 86 224 144 80 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness

studies .................................................... 36 23 13 39 26 13 32 20 12 29 19 10 

Philosophy and religion ............................. 468 377 91 477 373 104 421 329 92 405 306 99 Physical sciences and science

technologies ........................................... 3,403 2,851 552 3,551 2,963 588 3,673 3,039 634 3,809 3,123 686 

Precision production trades ....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protective services .................................... 33 27 6 21 17 4 18 15 3 32 23 9 Psychology ................................................ 3,447 1,739 1,708 3,593 1,724 1,869 3,560 1,615 1,945 3,480 1,573 1,907 Public administration and services ............ 431 213 218 382 171 211 398 216 182 470 238 232 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ....................... 2,851 1,933 918 2,955 1,970 985 2,916 2,026 890 2,781 1,849 932 Theological studies and religious vocations ........................................................ 1,144 1,039 105 1,185 1,067 118 1,230 1,103 127 1,199 1,072 127 Transportation and material moving

workers ................................................... 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Visual and performing arts ........................ 696 407 289 722 396 326 793 447 346 727 424 303 Not classified by field of study .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 579 336 243 
Table 9.—Doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex and discipline division: 1969–70 to 1993–9

Discipline division

1989–90 1 1990–91 1 1991–92 1992–93 

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 

1 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 

Total ....................................................... 38,371 24,401 13,970 39,294 24,756 14,538 40,659 25,557 15,102 42,132 26,073 16,059 

Agriculture and natural resources ............. 1,295 1,038 257 1,185 953 232 1,214 963 251 1,173 879 294 Architecture and related programs ............ 103 73 30 135 101 34 132 93 39 148 105 43 Area, ethnic and cultural studies ............... 131 71 60 167 94 73 155 90 65 178 90 88 Biological sciences/life sciences ............... 3,844 2,394 1,450 4,093 2,577 1,516 4,243 2,620 1,623 4,435 2,664 1,771 Business .................................................... 1,093 818 275 1,185 876 309 1,242 953 289 1,346 969 377 Communications ........................................ 267 142 125 259 140 119 252 131 121 293 143 150 Communications technologies ................... 6 3 3 15 11 4 3 1 2 8 3 5 Computer and information sciences .......... 627 534 93 676 584 92 772 669 103 805 689 116 Education ................................................... 6,502 2,776 3,726 6,187 2,613 3,574 6,864 2,783 4,081 7,030 2,867 4,163 Engineering ................................................ 4,967 4,522 445 5,258 4,774 484 5,488 4,961 527 5,823 5,265 558 Engineering-related technologies .............. 14 14 0 14 13 1 11 11 0 20 18 2 English language and literature/letters ...... 1,078 480 598 1,184 517 667 1,273 537 736 1,341 550 791 Foreign languages and literatures ............. 724 312 412 758 345 413 850 378 472 830 355 475 Health professions and related sciences .. 1,536 704 832 1,613 694 919 1,661 698 963 1,767 753 1,014 Home economics and vocational home

economics .............................................. 301 90 211 253 62 191 293 71 222 345 97 248 

Law and legal studies ................................ 111 87 24 90 65 25 68 50 18 86 65 21 Liberal arts and sciences, general

studies, and humanities ......................... 63 31 32 70 36 34 67 30 37 81 38 43 

Library science .......................................... 42 11 31 56 22 34 50 16 34 77 26 51 Mathematics .............................................. 966 794 172 1,036 837 199 1,082 851 231 1,189 906 283 Multi/interdisciplinary studies ..................... 272 176 96 220 128 92 231 144 87 196 115 81 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ........................................................... 35 18 17 28 15 13 61 41 20 108 75 33 Philosophy and religion ............................. 439 325 114 456 344 112 475 365 110 448 323 125 Physical sciences and science technologies .................................................. 4,164 3,356 808 4,290 3,447 843 4,391 3,429 962 4,393 3,432 961 Precision production trades ....................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protective services .................................... 38 25 13 28 12 16 24 13 11 32 23 9 Psychology ................................................ 3,811 1,566 2,245 3,932 1,520 2,412 3,373 1,359 2,014 3,651 1,415 2,236 Public administration and services ............ 508 235 273 430 190 240 432 204 228 459 215 244 R.O.T.C. and military technologies ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ....................... 3,010 2,019 991 3,012 1,956 1,056 3,218 2,126 1,092 3,460 2,203 1,257 Theological studies and religious vocations ........................................................ 1,317 1,162 155 1,079 941 138 1,259 1,077 182 1,417 1,219 198 Transportation and material moving

workers ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Visual and performing arts ........................ 849 472 377 838 466 372 906 504 402 882 478 404 Not classified by field of study .................. 258 153 105 747 423 324 569 389 180 111 93 18 

1 Revised from previously published data.

NOTE.—The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 1991–92. The figures for earlier years have

been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certainaggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS ‘‘Completions’’ survey: ‘‘Agriculture andnatural resources’’ includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; ‘‘Business’’ includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services; and ‘‘Engineering-related technologies’’ includes Engineering-related technologies, Mechanics and repairers, and Construction trades.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Stati

Awards Conferred’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (This table was prepared February 1997.)
94 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 10.—Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of

student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94

Year and sex of student Total White,

non-Hispanic

Black,

non-Hispanic Hispanic Asian or PacificIslander

American

Indian/Alaskan

Native

Nonresident alien

1 23 4 5 6 7 8

Number of degrees conferred

1976–77, total 1 ................ 404,956 342,290 33,159 16,636 7,044 2,498 3,329

Men ............................... 209,672 178,236 15,330 9,105 3,630 1,216 2,155

Women .......................... 195,284 164,054 17,829 7,531 3,414 1,282 1,174

1978–79, total 2 ................ 396,745 331,092 34,979 16,269 7,518 2,336 4,551

Men ............................... 187,284 156,671 14,425 8,135 4,058 1,069 2,926

Women .......................... 209,461 174,421 20,554 8,134 3,460 1,267 1,625

1980–81, total 3 ................ 410,174 339,167 35,330 17,800 8,650 2,584 6,643

Men ............................... 183,819 151,242 14,290 8,327 4,557 1,108 4,295

Women .......................... 226,355 187,925 21,040 9,473 4,093 1,476 2,348

1984–85, total 4 ................ 429,815 355,343 35,791 19,407 9,914 2,953 6,407

Men ............................... 190,409 157,278 14,184 8,561 5,492 1,198 3,696

Women .......................... 239,406 198,065 21,607 10,846 4,422 1,755 2,711

1986–87, total 5 ................ 436,304 361,861 35,447 19,334 11,779 3,195 4,688

Men ............................... 190,839 158,132 13,959 8,760 6,169 1,263 2,556

Women .......................... 245,465 203,729 21,488 10,574 5,610 1,932 2,132

1988–89, total 6,7 .............. 432,144 354,865 34,664 20,384 12,519 3,331 6,381

Men ............................... 183,963 150,978 12,884 9,217 6,366 1,323 3,195

Women .......................... 248,181 203,887 21,780 11,167 6,153 2,008 3,186

1989–90, total 6,8 .............. 450,263 369,580 35,327 22,195 13,482 3,530 6,149

Men ............................... 188,631 154,748 13,147 9,859 6,477 1,433 2,967

Women .......................... 261,632 214,832 22,180 12,336 7,005 2,097 3,182

1990–91, total 6,9 .............. 462,030 376,081 37,657 24,251 13,725 3,672 6,644

Men ............................... 190,221 155,330 13,718 10,210 6,440 1,373 3,150

Women .......................... 271,809 220,751 23,939 14,041 7,285 2,299 3,494

1991–92, total 6,10 ............. 494,387 400,530 39,411 26,905 15,596 4,008 7,937

Men ............................... 202,808 164,799 14,294 11,536 7,254 1,531 3,394

Women .......................... 291,579 235,731 25,117 15,369 8,342 2,477 4,543

1992–93, total 6,11 ............. 508,154 405,883 42,340 29,991 16,632 4,379 8,929

Men ............................... 209,051 167,312 15,497 12,924 7,877 1,663 3,778

Women .......................... 299,103 238,571 26,843 17,067 8,755 2,716 5,151

1993–94, total 6,12 ............. 540,923 428,273 46,451 32,438 18,659 4,975 10,127

Men ............................... 220,191 174,947 17,379 13,395 8,403 1,895 4,172

Women .......................... 320,732 253,326 29,072 19,043 10,256 3,080 5,955

Percentage distribution of degrees conferred

1976–77, total 1 ................ 100.0 84.5 8.2 4.1 1.7 0.6 0.8

Men ............................... 100.0 85.0 7.3 4.3 1.7 0.6 1.0

Women .......................... 100.0 84.0 9.1 3.9 1.7 0.7 0.6

1978–79, total 2 ................ 100.0 83.5 8.8 4.1 1.9 0.6 1.1

Men ............................... 100.0 83.7 7.7 4.3 2.2 0.6 1.6

Women .......................... 100.0 83.3 9.8 3.9 1.7 0.6 0.8

1980–81, total 3 ................ 100.0 82.7 8.6 4.3 2.1 0.6 1.6

Men ............................... 100.0 82.3 7.8 4.5 2.5 0.6 2.3

Women .......................... 100.0 83.0 9.3 4.2 1.8 0.7 1.0

1984–85, total 4 ................ 100.0 82.7 8.3 4.5 2.3 0.7 1.5

Men ............................... 100.0 82.6 7.4 4.5 2.9 0.6 1.9

Women .......................... 100.0 82.7 9.0 4.5 1.8 0.7 1.1

1986–87, total 5 ................ 100.0 82.9 8.1 4.4 2.7 0.7 1.1

Men ............................... 100.0 82.9 7.3 4.6 3.2 0.7 1.3

Women .......................... 100.0 83.0 8.8 4.3 2.3 0.8 0.9

1988–89, total 6,7 .............. 100.0 82.1 8.0 4.7 2.9 0.8 1.5

Men ............................... 100.0 82.1 7.0 5.0 3.5 0.7 1.7

Women .......................... 100.0 82.2 8.8 4.5 2.5 0.8 1.3

1989–90, total 6,8 .............. 100.0 82.1 7.8 4.9 3.0 0.8 1.4

Men ............................... 100.0 82.0 7.0 5.2 3.4 0.8 1.6

Women .......................... 100.0 82.1 8.5 4.7 2.7 0.8 1.2

1990–91, total 6,9 .............. 100.0 81.4 8.2 5.2 3.0 0.8 1.4

Men ............................... 100.0 81.7 7.2 5.4 3.4 0.7 1.7

Women .......................... 100.0 81.2 8.8 5.2 2.7 0.8 1.3

1991–92, total 6,10 ............. 100.0 81.0 8.0 5.4 3.2 0.8 1.6

Men ............................... 100.0 81.3 7.0 5.7 3.6 0.8 1.7

Women .......................... 100.0 80.8 8.6 5.3 2.9 0.8 1.6

1992–93, total 6,11 ............. 100.0 79.9 8.3 5.9 3.3 0.9 1.8

Men ............................... 100.0 80.0 7.4 6.2 3.8 0.8 1.8

Women .......................... 100.0 79.8 9.0 5.7 2.9 0.9 1.7

1993–94, total 6,12 ............. 100.0 79.2 8.6 6.0 3.4 0.9 1.9

Men ............................... 100.0 79.5 7.9 6.1 3.8 0.9 1.9

Women .......................... 100.0 79.0 9.1 5.9 3.2 1.0 1.9

1Excludes 1,170 men and 251 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

2Excludes 4,807 men and 1,150 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

3Excludes 4,819 men and 1,384 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

4 Racial/ethnic data were imputed for approximately 45,400 men and 55,400 women.

This tabulation excludes 11,490 men and 10,862 women whose racial/ethnic group could

not be imputed. In addition, data for 1,033 men and 1,512 women were not available

by field of study and were not imputed by race. 5Excludes 3 men and 1 woman whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

6 Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree,

and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not

reported. 7Excludes 2,353 men and 2,267 women whose racial/ethnic group and field of study

were not available. 8Excludes 2,564 men and 2,275 women whose racial/ethnic group and field of study

were not available.

9Excludes 8,413 men and 11,277 women whose racial/ethnic group and field of study

were not available. 10Excludes 4,673 men and 5,171 women whose racial/ethnic group and field of study

were not available. 11Excludes 2,913 men and 3,689 women whose racial/ethnic group and field of study

were not available. 12Excludes 799 men and 727 women whose racial/ethnic group and field of study

were not available.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add up to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared May

1996.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 95

Table 11.—Bachelor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of

student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94

Year and sex of student Total White,

non-Hispanic

Black,

non-Hispanic Hispanic Asian or PacificIslander

American

Indian/Alaskan

Native

Nonresident alien

1 23 4 5 6 7 8

Number of degrees conferred

1976–77, total 1 ................ 917,900 807,688 58,636 18,743 13,793 3,326 15,714

Men ............................... 494,424 438,161 25,147 10,318 7,638 1,804 11,356

Women .......................... 423,476 369,527 33,489 8,425 6,155 1,522 4,358

1978–79, total 2 ................ 919,540 802,542 60,246 20,096 15,407 3,410 17,839

Men ............................... 476,065 418,215 24,659 10,418 8,261 1,736 12,776

Women .......................... 443,475 384,327 35,587 9,678 7,146 1,674 5,063

1980–81, total 3 ................ 934,800 807,319 60,673 21,832 18,794 3,593 22,589

Men ............................... 469,625 406,173 24,511 10,810 10,107 1,700 16,324

Women .......................... 465,175 401,146 36,162 11,022 8,687 1,893 6,265

1984–85, total 4 ................ 968,311 826,106 57,473 25,874 25,395 4,246 29,217

Men ............................... 476,148 405,085 23,018 12,402 13,554 1,998 20,091

Women .......................... 492,163 421,021 34,455 13,472 11,841 2,248 9,126

1986–87, total 5 ................ 991,264 841,818 56,560 26,988 32,624 3,968 29,306

Men ............................... 480,782 406,749 22,501 12,865 17,253 1,817 19,597

Women .......................... 510,482 435,069 34,059 14,123 15,371 2,151 9,709

1988–89, total 5,6 .............. 1,016,350 859,703 58,078 29,918 37,674 3,951 27,026

Men ............................... 481,946 407,154 22,370 13,950 19,260 1,730 17,482

Women .......................... 534,404 452,549 35,708 15,968 18,414 2,221 9,544

1989–90, total 5,7 .............. 1,048,631 884,376 61,063 32,844 39,248 4,392 26,708

Men ............................... 490,317 413,573 23,262 14,941 19,721 1,859 16,961

Women .......................... 558,314 470,803 37,801 17,903 19,527 2,533 9,747

1990–91, total 5,8 .............. 1,081,280 904,062 65,341 36,612 41,618 4,513 29,134

Men ............................... 496,424 415,505 24,328 16,158 20,678 1,901 17,854

Women .......................... 584,856 488,557 41,013 20,454 20,940 2,612 11,280

1991–92, total 5,9 .............. 1,129,833 936,771 72,326 40,761 46,720 5,176 28,079

Men ............................... 516,976 429,842 26,956 17,976 23,248 2,182 16,772

Women .......................... 612,857 506,929 45,370 22,785 23,472 2,994 11,307

1992–93, total 5,10 ............. 1,159,931 947,309 77,872 45,376 51,463 5,671 32,240

Men ............................... 530,541 435,084 28,883 19,865 25,293 2,449 18,967

Women .......................... 629,390 512,225 48,989 25,511 26,170 3,222 13,273

1993–94, total 5,11 ............. 1,165,973 936,227 83,576 50,241 55,660 6,189 34,080

Men ............................... 530,804 429,121 30,648 21,807 26,938 2,616 19,674

Women .......................... 635,169 507,106 52,928 28,434 28,722 3,573 14,406

Percentage distribution of degrees conferred

1976–77, total1 ................. 100.0 88.0 6.4 2.0 1.5 0.4 1.7

Men ............................... 100.0 88.6 5.1 2.1 1.5 0.4 2.3

Women .......................... 100.0 87.3 7.9 2.0 1.5 0.4 1.0

1978–79, total2 ................. 100.0 87.3 6.6 2.2 1.7 0.4 1.9

Men ............................... 100.0 87.8 5.2 2.2 1.7 0.4 2.7

Women .......................... 100.0 86.7 8.0 2.2 1.6 0.4 1.1

1980–81, total3 ................. 100.0 86.4 6.5 2.3 2.0 0.4 2.4

Men ............................... 100.0 86.5 5.2 2.3 2.2 0.4 3.5

Women .......................... 100.0 86.2 7.8 2.4 1.9 0.4 1.3

1984–85, total4 ................. 100.0 85.3 5.9 2.7 2.6 0.4 3.0

Men ............................... 100.0 85.1 4.8 2.6 2.8 0.4 4.2

Women .......................... 100.0 85.5 7.0 2.7 2.4 0.5 1.9

1986–87, total5 ................. 100.0 84.9 5.7 2.7 3.3 0.4 3.0

Men ............................... 100.0 84.6 4.7 2.7 3.6 0.4 4.1

Women .......................... 100.0 85.2 6.7 2.8 3.0 0.4 1.9

1988–89, total 5,6 .............. 100.0 84.6 5.7 2.9 3.7 0.4 2.7

Men ............................... 100.0 84.5 4.6 2.9 4.0 0.4 3.6

Women .......................... 100.0 84.7 6.7 3.0 3.4 0.4 1.8

1989–90, total 5,7 .............. 100.0 84.3 5.8 3.1 3.7 0.4 2.5

Men ............................... 100.0 84.3 4.7 3.0 4.0 0.4 3.5

Women .......................... 100.0 84.3 6.8 3.2 3.5 0.5 1.7

1990–91, total 5,8 .............. 100.0 83.6 6.0 3.4 3.8 0.4 2.7

Men ............................... 100.0 83.7 4.9 3.3 4.2 0.4 3.6

Women .......................... 100.0 83.5 7.0 3.5 3.6 0.4 1.9

1991–92, total 5,9 .............. 100.0 82.9 6.4 3.6 4.1 0.5 2.5

Men ............................... 100.0 83.1 5.2 3.5 4.5 0.4 3.2

Women .......................... 100.0 82.7 7.4 3.7 3.8 0.5 1.8

1992–93, total 5,10 ............. 100.0 81.7 6.7 3.9 4.4 0.5 2.8

Men ............................... 100.0 82.0 5.4 3.7 4.8 0.5 3.6

Women .......................... 100.0 81.4 7.8 4.1 4.2 0.5 2.1

1993–94, total 5,11 ............. 100.0 80.3 7.2 4.3 4.8 0.5 2.9

Men ............................... 100.0 80.8 5.8 4.1 5.1 0.5 3.7

Women .......................... 100.0 79.8 8.3 4.5 4.5 0.6 2.3

1Excludes 1,121 men and 528 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

2Excludes 1,279 men and 571 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

3Excludes 258 men and 82 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

4Excludes 6,380 men and 4,786 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

5 Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree,

and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not

reported. 6Excludes 1,400 men and 1,005 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

7Excludes 1,379 men and 1,334 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

8Excludes 7,621 men and 5,637 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

9Excludes 3,835 men and 2,885 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

10Excludes 2,340 men and 2,907 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available. 11Excludes 1,618 men and 1,684 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add up to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
96 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 12.—Master’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of

student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94

Year and sex of student Total White,

non-Hispanic

Black,

non-Hispanic Hispanic Asian or PacificIslander

American

Indian/Alaskan

Native

Nonresident alien

1 23 4 5 6 7 8

Number of degrees conferred

1976–77, total 1 ................ 316,602 266,061 21,037 6,071 5,122 967 17,344

Men ............................... 167,396 139,210 7,781 3,268 3,123 521 13,493

Women .......................... 149,206 126,851 13,256 2,803 1,999 446 3,851

1978–79, total 2 ................ 300,255 249,360 19,418 5,555 5,496 999 19,427

Men ............................... 152,637 124,058 7,070 2,786 3,325 495 14,903

Women .......................... 147,618 125,302 12,348 2,769 2,171 504 4,524

1980–81, total 3 ................ 294,183 241,216 17,133 6,461 6,282 1,034 22,057

Men ............................... 145,666 115,562 6,158 3,085 3,773 501 16,587

Women .......................... 148,517 125,654 10,975 3,376 2,509 533 5,470

1984–85, total 4 ................ 280,421 223,628 13,939 6,864 7,782 1,256 26,952

Men ............................... 139,417 106,059 5,200 3,059 4,842 583 19,674

Women .......................... 141,004 117,569 8,739 3,805 2,940 673 7,278

1986–87, total 5 ................ 289,349 228,874 13,873 7,044 8,559 1,103 29,896

Men ............................... 141,269 105,572 5,153 3,331 5,239 518 21,456

Women .......................... 148,080 123,302 8,720 3,713 3,320 585 8,440

1988–89, total 5,6 .............. 309,770 242,764 14,095 7,277 10,335 1,086 34,213

Men ............................... 148,872 109,715 5,175 3,325 6,048 476 24,133

Women .......................... 160,898 133,049 8,920 3,952 4,287 610 10,080

1989–90, total 5,7 .............. 322,465 251,690 15,446 7,950 10,577 1,101 35,701

Men ............................... 152,926 112,877 5,539 3,586 6,002 463 24,459

Women .......................... 169,539 138,813 9,907 4,364 4,575 638 11,242

1990–91, total 5,8 .............. 328,645 255,281 16,139 8,386 11,180 1,136 36,523

Men ............................... 151,796 111,224 5,709 3,670 6,319 459 24,415

Women .......................... 176,849 144,057 10,430 4,716 4,861 677 12,108

1991–92, total 5,9 .............. 348,682 268,371 18,116 9,358 12,658 1,273 38,906

Men ............................... 159,543 116,096 6,054 4,132 7,062 523 25,676

Women .......................... 189,139 152,275 12,062 5,226 5,596 750 13,230

1992–93, total 5,10 ............. 368,701 278,829 19,780 10,665 13,866 1,407 44,154

Men ............................... 168,754 120,225 6,821 4,735 7,544 586 28,843

Women .......................... 199,947 158,604 12,959 5,930 6,322 821 15,311

1993–94, total 5,11 ............. 385,419 288,288 21,937 11,913 15,267 1,697 46,317

Men ............................... 175,355 123,854 7,413 5,113 8,225 691 30,059

Women .......................... 210,064 164,434 14,524 6,800 7,042 1,006 16,258

Percentage distribution of degrees conferred

1976–77, total1 ................. 100.0 84.0 6.6 1.9 1.6 0.3 5.5

Men ............................... 100.0 83.2 4.6 2.0 1.9 0.3 8.1

Women .......................... 100.0 85.0 8.9 1.9 1.3 0.3 2.6

1978–79, total2 ................. 100.0 83.0 6.5 1.9 1.8 0.3 6.5

Men ............................... 100.0 81.3 4.6 1.8 2.2 0.3 9.8

Women .......................... 100.0 84.9 8.4 1.9 1.5 0.3 3.1

1980–81, total3 ................. 100.0 82.0 5.8 2.2 2.1 0.4 7.5

Men ............................... 100.0 79.3 4.2 2.1 2.6 0.3 11.4

Women .......................... 100.0 84.6 7.4 2.3 1.7 0.4 3.7

1984–85, total4 ................. 100.0 79.7 5.0 2.4 2.8 0.4 9.6

Men ............................... 100.0 76.1 3.7 2.2 3.5 0.4 14.1

Women .......................... 100.0 83.4 6.2 2.7 2.1 0.5 5.2

1986–87, total5 ................. 100.0 79.1 4.8 2.4 3.0 0.4 10.3

Men ............................... 100.0 74.7 3.6 2.4 3.7 0.4 15.2

Women .......................... 100.0 83.3 5.9 2.5 2.2 0.4 5.7

1988–89, total 5,6 .............. 100.0 78.4 4.6 2.3 3.3 0.4 11.0

Men ............................... 100.0 73.7 3.5 2.2 4.1 0.3 16.2

Women .......................... 100.0 82.7 5.5 2.5 2.7 0.4 6.3

1989–90, total 5,7 .............. 100.0 78.1 4.8 2.5 3.3 0.3 11.1

Men ............................... 100.0 73.8 3.6 2.3 3.9 0.3 16.0

Women .......................... 100.0 81.9 5.8 2.6 2.7 0.4 6.6

1990–91, total 5,8 .............. 100.0 77.7 4.9 2.6 3.4 0.3 11.1

Men ............................... 100.0 73.3 3.8 2.4 4.2 0.3 16.1

Women .......................... 100.0 81.5 5.9 2.7 2.7 0.4 6.8

1991–92, total 5,9 .............. 100.0 77.0 5.2 2.7 3.6 0.4 11.2

Men ............................... 100.0 72.8 3.8 2.6 4.4 0.3 16.1

Women .......................... 100.0 80.5 6.4 2.8 3.0 0.4 7.0

1992–93, total 5,10 ............. 100.0 75.6 5.4 2.9 3.8 0.4 12.0

Men ............................... 100.0 71.2 4.0 2.8 4.5 0.3 17.1

Women .......................... 100.0 79.3 6.5 3.0 3.2 0.4 7.7

1993–94, total 5,11 ............. 100.0 74.8 5.7 3.1 4.0 0.4 12.0

Men ............................... 100.0 70.6 4.2 2.9 4.7 0.4 17.1

Women .......................... 100.0 78.3 6.9 3.2 3.4 0.5 7.7

1Excludes 387 men and 175 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

2Excludes 733 men and 91 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

3Excludes 1,377 men and 179 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

4Excludes 3,973 men and 1,857 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

5 Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree,

and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not

reported. 6Excludes 482 men and 369 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

7Excludes 727 men and 1,109 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

8Excludes 4,686 men and 3,837 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

9Excludes 2,299 men and 1,857 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

10Excludes 504 men and 380 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available. 11Excludes 730 men and 921 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add up to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 97

Table 13.—Doctor’s degrees 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex of

student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94

Year and sex of student Total White,

non-Hispanic

Black,

non-Hispanic Hispanic Asian or PacificIslander

American

Indian/Alaskan

Native

Nonresident alien

1 23 4 5 6 7 8

Number of degrees conferred

1976–77, total 2 ................ 33,126 26,851 1,253 522 658 95 3,747

Men ............................... 25,036 20,032 766 383 540 67 3,248

Women .......................... 8,090 6,819 487 139 118 28 499

1978–79, total 3 ................ 32,675 26,138 1,268 439 811 104 3,915

Men ............................... 23,488 18,433 734 294 646 69 3,312

Women .......................... 9,187 7,705 534 145 165 35 603

1980–81, total 4 ................ 32,839 25,908 1,265 456 877 130 4,203

Men ............................... 22,595 17,310 694 277 655 95 3,564

Women .......................... 10,244 8,598 571 179 222 35 639

1984–85, total 5 ................ 32,307 23,934 1,154 677 1,106 119 5,317

Men ............................... 21,296 15,017 561 431 802 64 4,421

Women .......................... 11,011 8,917 593 246 304 55 896

1986–87, total 6 ................ 34,041 24,434 1,057 751 1,098 105 6,596

Men ............................... 22,061 14,812 485 441 794 57 5,472

Women .......................... 11,980 9,622 572 310 304 48 1,124

1988–89, total 6,7 .............. 35,659 24,884 1,066 629 1,323 85 7,672

Men ............................... 22,597 14,541 491 350 945 50 6,220

Women .......................... 13,062 10,343 575 279 378 35 1,452

1989–90, total 6,8 .............. 38,113 25,880 1,153 788 1,235 99 8,958

Men ............................... 24,248 15,105 533 423 871 49 7,267

Women .......................... 13,865 10,775 620 365 364 50 1,691

1990–91, total 6,9 .............. 38,547 25,328 1,211 732 1,459 102 9,715

Men ............................... 24,333 14,565 581 387 987 58 7,755

Women .......................... 14,214 10,763 630 345 472 44 1,960

1991–92, total 6,10 ............. 40,090 25,813 1,223 811 1,559 118 10,566

Men ............................... 25,168 14,674 576 458 1,062 65 8,333

Women .......................... 14,922 11,139 647 353 497 53 2,233

1992–93, total 6,11 ............. 42,021 26,700 1,352 827 1,582 106 11,454

Men ............................... 25,980 14,902 615 439 1,041 51 8,932

Women .......................... 16,041 11,798 737 388 541 55 2,522

1993–94, total 6,12 ............. 43,149 27,156 1,393 903 2,025 134 11,538

Men ............................... 26,531 15,126 631 465 1,373 66 8,870

Women .......................... 16,618 12,030 762 438 652 68 2,668

Percentage distribution of degrees conferred

1976–77, total 2 ................ 100.0 81.1 3.8 1.6 2.0 0.3 11.3

Men ............................... 100.0 80.0 3.1 1.5 2.2 0.3 13.0

Women .......................... 100.0 84.3 6.0 1.7 1.5 0.3 6.2

1978–79, total 3 ................ 100.0 80.0 3.9 1.3 2.5 0.3 12.0

Men ............................... 100.0 78.5 3.1 1.3 2.8 0.3 14.1

Women .......................... 100.0 83.9 5.8 1.6 1.8 0.4 6.6

1980–81, total 4 ................ 100.0 78.9 3.9 1.4 2.7 0.4 12.8

Men ............................... 100.0 76.6 3.1 1.2 2.9 0.4 15.8

Women .......................... 100.0 83.9 5.6 1.7 2.2 0.3 6.2

1984–85, total 5 ................ 100.0 74.1 3.6 2.1 3.4 0.4 16.5

Men ............................... 100.0 70.5 2.6 2.0 3.8 0.3 20.8

Women .......................... 100.0 81.0 5.4 2.2 2.8 0.5 8.1

1986–87, total 6 ................ 100.0 71.8 3.1 2.2 3.2 0.3 19.4

Men ............................... 100.0 67.1 2.2 2.0 3.6 0.3 24.8

Women .......................... 100.0 80.3 4.8 2.6 2.5 0.4 9.4

1988–89, total 6,7 .............. 100.0 69.8 3.0 1.8 3.7 0.2 21.5

Men ............................... 100.0 64.3 2.2 1.5 4.2 0.2 27.5

Women .......................... 100.0 79.2 4.4 2.1 2.9 0.3 11.1

1989–90, total 6,8 .............. 100.0 67.9 3.0 2.1 3.2 0.3 23.5

Men ............................... 100.0 62.3 2.2 1.7 3.6 0.2 30.0

Women .......................... 100.0 77.7 4.5 2.6 2.6 0.4 12.2

1990–91, total 6,9 .............. 100.0 65.7 3.1 1.9 3.8 0.3 25.2

Men ............................... 100.0 59.9 2.4 1.6 4.1 0.2 31.9

Women .......................... 100.0 75.7 4.4 2.4 3.3 0.3 13.8

1991–92, total 6,10 ............. 100.0 64.4 3.1 2.0 3.9 0.3 26.4

Men ............................... 100.0 58.3 2.3 1.8 4.2 0.3 33.1

Women .......................... 100.0 74.6 4.3 2.4 3.3 0.4 15.0

1992–93, total 6,11 ............. 100.0 63.5 3.2 2.0 3.8 0.3 27.3

Men ............................... 100.0 57.4 2.4 1.7 4.0 0.2 34.4

Women .......................... 100.0 73.5 4.6 2.4 3.4 0.3 15.7

1993–94, total 6,12 ............. 100.0 62.9 3.2 2.1 4.7 0.3 26.7

Men ............................... 100.0 57.0 2.4 1.8 5.2 0.2 33.4

Women .......................... 100.0 72.4 4.6 2.6 3.9 0.4 16.1

1 Includes Ph.D., Ed.D, and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes firstprofessional degrees. 2Excludes 106 men whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

3Excludes 53 men and 2 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

4Excludes 116 men and 3 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

5Excludes 404 men and 232 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

6 Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree,

and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not

reported. 7Excludes 51 men and 10 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

8Excludes 153 men and 105 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

9Excludes 423 men and 324 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

10Excludes 389 men and 180 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available. 11Excludes 93 men and 18 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available. 12Excludes 21 men and 15 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

NOTE.—Because of rounding, details may not add up to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared February 1996.)
98 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 14.—First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ethnic group and sex

of student: Selected years, 1976–77 to 1993–94

Year and sex of student Total White,

non-Hispanic

Black,

non-Hispanic Hispanic Asian or PacificIslander

American

Indian/Alaskan

Native

Nonresident alien

1 23 4 5 6 7 8

Number of degrees conferred

1976–77, total 1 ................ 63,953 58,422 2,537 1,076 1,021 196 701

Men ............................... 51,980 47,777 1,761 893 776 159 614

Women .......................... 11,973 10,645 776 183 245 37 87

1978–79, total 2 ................ 68,611 62,430 2,836 1,283 1,205 216 641

Men ............................... 52,425 48,123 1,783 989 860 150 520

Women .......................... 16,186 14,307 1,053 294 345 66 121

1980–81, total 3 ................ 71,340 64,551 2,931 1,541 1,456 192 669

Men ............................... 52,194 47,629 1,772 1,131 991 134 537

Women .......................... 19,146 16,922 1,159 410 465 58 132

1984–85, total 4 ................ 71,057 63,219 3,029 1,884 1,816 248 861

Men ............................... 47,501 42,630 1,623 1,239 1,152 176 681

Women .......................... 23,556 20,589 1,406 645 664 72 180

1986–87, total .................. 71,617 62,688 3,420 2,051 2,270 304 884

Men ............................... 46,523 41,149 1,835 1,303 1,420 183 633

Women .......................... 25,094 21,539 1,585 748 850 121 251

1988–89, total .................. 70,856 61,214 3,148 2,269 2,976 264 985

Men ............................... 45,046 39,399 1,618 1,374 1,819 148 688

Women .......................... 25,810 21,815 1,530 895 1,157 116 297

1989–90, total 5 ................ 70,744 60,240 3,410 2,427 3,362 257 1,048

Men ............................... 43,778 37,850 1,672 1,450 1,963 135 708

Women .......................... 26,966 22,390 1,738 977 1,399 122 340

1990–91, total 6 ................ 71,515 60,327 3,575 2,527 3,755 261 1,070

Men ............................... 43,601 37,348 1,672 1,506 2,178 144 753

Women .......................... 27,914 22,979 1,903 1,021 1,577 117 317

1991–92, total 7 ................ 72,129 59,800 3,560 2,766 4,455 296 1,252

Men ............................... 43,812 36,939 1,603 1,635 2,593 157 885

Women .......................... 28,317 22,861 1,957 1,131 1,862 139 367

1992–93, total 8 ................ 74,960 60,830 4,100 2,984 5,160 368 1,518

Men ............................... 44,821 37,157 1,777 1,762 2,858 190 1,077

Women .......................... 30,139 23,673 2,323 1,222 2,302 178 441

1993–94, total .................. 75,418 60,140 4,444 3,134 5,892 371 1,437

Men ............................... 44,707 36,573 1,902 1,781 3,214 222 1,015

Women .......................... 30,711 23,567 2,542 1,353 2,678 149 422

Percentage distribution of degrees conferred

1976–77, total 1 ................ 100.0 91.4 4.0 1.7 1.6 0.3 1.1

Men ............................... 100.0 91.9 3.4 1.7 1.5 0.3 1.2

Women .......................... 100.0 88.9 6.5 1.5 2.0 0.3 0.7

1978–79, total 2 ................ 100.0 91.0 4.1 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.9

Men ............................... 100.0 91.8 3.4 1.9 1.6 0.3 1.0

Women .......................... 100.0 88.4 6.5 1.8 2.1 0.4 0.7

1980–81, total 3 ................ 100.0 90.5 4.1 2.2 2.0 0.3 0.9

Men ............................... 100.0 91.3 3.4 2.2 1.9 0.3 1.0

Women .......................... 100.0 88.4 6.1 2.1 2.4 0.3 0.7

1984–85, total 4 ................ 100.0 89.0 4.3 2.7 2.6 0.3 1.2

Men ............................... 100.0 89.7 3.4 2.6 2.4 0.4 1.4

Women .......................... 100.0 87.4 6.0 2.7 2.8 0.3 0.8

1986–87, total .................. 100.0 87.5 4.8 2.9 3.2 0.4 1.2

Men ............................... 100.0 88.4 3.9 2.8 3.1 0.4 1.4

Women .......................... 100.0 85.8 6.3 3.0 3.4 0.5 1.0

1988–89, total .................. 100.0 86.4 4.4 3.2 4.2 0.4 1.4

Men ............................... 100.0 87.5 3.6 3.1 4.0 0.3 1.5

Women .......................... 100.0 84.5 5.9 3.5 4.5 0.4 1.2

1989–90, total 5 ................ 100.0 85.2 4.8 3.4 4.8 0.4 1.5

Men ............................... 100.0 86.5 3.8 3.3 4.5 0.3 1.6

Women .......................... 100.0 83.0 6.4 3.6 5.2 0.5 1.3

1990–91, total 6 ................ 100.0 84.4 5.0 3.5 5.3 0.4 1.5

Men ............................... 100.0 85.7 3.8 3.5 5.0 0.3 1.7

Women .......................... 100.0 82.3 6.8 3.7 5.6 0.4 1.1

1991–92, total 7 ................ 100.0 82.9 4.9 3.8 6.2 0.4 1.7

Men ............................... 100.0 84.3 3.7 3.7 5.9 0.4 2.0

Women .......................... 100.0 80.7 6.9 4.0 6.6 0.5 1.3

1992–93, total 8 ................ 100.0 81.1 5.5 4.0 6.9 0.5 2.0

Men ............................... 100.0 82.9 4.0 3.9 6.4 0.4 2.4

Women .......................... 100.0 78.5 7.7 4.1 7.6 0.6 1.5

1993–94, total .................. 100.0 79.7 5.9 4.2 7.8 0.5 1.9

Men ............................... 100.0 81.8 4.3 4.0 7.2 0.5 2.3

Women .......................... 100.0 76.7 8.3 4.4 8.7 0.5 1.4

1Excludes 394 men and 12 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

2Excludes 227 men and 10 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

3Excludes 598 men and 18 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

4Excludes 2,954 men and 1,052 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

5Excludes 183 men and 61 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

6Excludes 245 men and 188 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

7Excludes 1,259 men and 758 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

8Excludes 332 men and 95 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.

NOTE.—For years 1984–85 to 1993–94, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students

by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. Because of rounding, details may not add

up to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,

‘‘Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred’’ surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ surveys. (This table was prepared November 1995.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 99

Table 15.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1969–70

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 792,316 451,097 341,219 208,291 125,624 82,667 29,866 25,890 3,976

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 12,382 11,876 506 2,197 2,059 138 1,004 976 28

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 5,913 5,745 168 1,067 996 71 469 462 7

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,389 4,305 84 771 740 31 366 365 1

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,384 1,339 45 69 67 2 0 0 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,764 1,738 26 298 287 11 185 184 1

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,061 1,049 12 404 386 18 181 181 0

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 180 179 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 650 595 55 162 135 27 73 68 5

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 874 845 29 134 121 13 30 29 1

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 3,400 3,105 295 626 574 52 387 367 20

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 2,902 2,674 228 387 368 19 211 204 7

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,540 2,320 220 301 285 16 159 153 6

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 270 262 8 48 45 3 32 31 1

Poultry science ............................................................................ 92 92 0 38 38 0 20 20 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 322 264 58 153 122 31 99 88 11

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 176 167 9 86 84 2 77 75 2

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 3,069 3,026 43 504 489 15 148 147 1

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,177 2,160 17 327 316 11 97 97 0

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 892 866 26 177 173 4 51 50 1

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 4,105 3,888 217 1,427 1,260 167 35 33 2

Architecture ..................................................................................... 3,902 3,698 204 658 615 43 11 10 1

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 203 190 13 769 645 124 24 23 1

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 2,121 993 1,128 782 474 308 135 118 17

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,121 993 1,128 782 474 308 135 118 17

African studies ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,195 496 699 231 124 107 49 41 8

Latin American studies ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

European studies ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 926 497 429 551 350 201 86 77 9

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 34,034 23,919 10,115 5,800 3,975 1,825 3,289 2,820 469

Biology, general .............................................................................. 24,371 16,848 7,523 2,578 1,750 828 471 377 94

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 486 359 127 268 190 78 535 459 76

Botany, total .................................................................................... 596 412 184 527 395 132 368 334 34

Botany, general ........................................................................... 565 381 184 374 264 110 223 196 27

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 28 28 0 132 112 20 105 99 6

Botany, other ............................................................................... 3 3 0 21 19 2 40 39 1

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 55 40 15 14 4 10 31 22 9

Cell biology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 15.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1969–70—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 55 40 15 14 4 10 31 22 9

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,411 741 670 469 273 196 359 282 77

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 142 71 71 283 150 133 292 239 53

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 7 7 0 99 68 31 140 115 25

Ecology ........................................................................................ 50 34 16 10 6 4 10 10 0

Marine biology ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 47 11 36 104 36 68 47 34 13

Toxicology ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 38 19 19 70 40 30 95 80 15

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 5,860 4,671 1,189 1,298 942 356 1,020 930 90

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 5,543 4,393 1,150 729 497 232 412 370 42

Entomology ................................................................................. 190 181 9 220 195 25 173 167 6

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 0 0 0 75 41 34 58 58 0

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 1 0 1 107 87 20 137 117 20

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 126 97 29 167 122 45 240 218 22

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,113 777 336 363 271 92 213 177 36

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 105,580 96,346 9,234 21,561 20,792 769 620 610 10

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 90,372 82,257 8,115 20,209 19,478 731 586 576 10

Business, general ........................................................................... 51,644 47,714 3,930 13,762 13,308 454 356 351 5

Business administration and management, total ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Accounting ...................................................................................... 21,183 19,343 1,840 1,083 1,004 79 56 53 3

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,428 37 1,391 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 5,843 5,677 166 1,499 1,456 43 38 37 1

Finance, general ......................................................................... 5,843 5,677 166 1,499 1,456 43 38 37 1

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 526 476 50 24 23 1 0 0 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 874 807 67 274 254 20 19 19 0

Human resources management .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 874 807 67 274 254 20 19 19 0

International business ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business statistics ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 934 910 24 70 69 1 8 7 1

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 7,940 7,293 647 3,497 3,364 133 109 109 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 15,208 14,089 1,119 1,352 1,314 38 34 34 0

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 15,208 14,089 1,119 1,352 1,314 38 34 34 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 11,158 8,680 2,478 992 687 305 27 27 0

Communications, total ........................................................................ 11,158 8,680 2,478 992 687 305 27 27 0

Communications, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Advertising ...................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 5,959 3,533 2,426 862 561 301 17 17 0

Journalism ................................................................................... 5,959 3,533 2,426 862 561 301 17 17 0

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 5,199 5,147 52 130 126 4 10 10 0

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 1,544 1,345 199 1,459 1,324 135 107 105 2
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 101

Table 15.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1969–70—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 825 701 124 689 595 94 80 78 2

Computer programming .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 336 305 31 43 42 1 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 195 183 12 226 225 1 2 2 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 188 156 32 501 462 39 25 25 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 163,964 40,420 123,544 78,020 34,832 43,188 5,588 4,479 1,109

Education, general .......................................................................... 0 0 0 10,479 4,784 5,695 1,358 1,071 287

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 263 15 248 1,878 725 1,153 405 303 102

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 62 14 48 8,824 6,526 2,298 1,029 951 78

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 10 6 4 8,590 6,456 2,134 1,014 938 76

Administration of special education ............................................ 52 8 44 234 70 164 15 13 2

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Special education, total .................................................................. 7,761 996 6,765 5,351 1,408 3,943 241 194 47

Special education, general .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 241 16 225 217 40 177 2 1 1

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 936 137 799 1,835 507 1,328 95 73 22

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 264 44 220 300 76 224 6 5 1

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 2,370 328 2,042 1,256 374 882 23 20 3

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 48 9 39 46 1 45 1 1 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 106 14 92 161 62 99 0 0 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 75 5 70 70 29 41 1 0 1

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 102 19 83 234 49 185 1 1 0

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 3,619 424 3,195 1,232 270 962 112 93 19

Special education, other ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 15 8 7 10,866 5,393 5,473 532 411 121

General teacher education, total .................................................... 93,542 9,014 84,528 22,579 6,569 16,010 746 580 166

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 57 38 19 199 126 73 111 96 15

Elementary education ................................................................. 84,320 7,689 76,631 15,449 3,102 12,347 217 130 87

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 5,938 71 5,867 649 29 620 13 3 10

Secondary education .................................................................. 2,743 1,103 1,640 5,435 2,891 2,544 193 173 20

General teacher education, other ............................................... 484 113 371 847 421 426 212 178 34

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 60,563 29,920 30,643 15,726 8,267 7,459 846 629 217

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,457 1,444 13 474 459 15 49 48 1

Art education ............................................................................... 5,474 1,497 3,977 1,046 405 641 40 28 12

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 8,484 2,255 6,229 1,768 693 1,075 65 44 21

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 942 410 532 359 169 190 28 20 8

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 6,055 3 6,052 712 7 705 15 0 15

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 5,359 5,304 55 1,393 1,379 14 38 38 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 432 333 99 150 107 43 5 5 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music education .......................................................................... 7,335 3,178 4,157 1,606 838 768 90 81 9

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 22,291 13,665 8,626 4,000 2,756 1,244 259 181 78

Reading education ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Science education ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,374 1,328 46 474 427 47 67 62 5

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 1,360 503 857 3,744 1,027 2,717 190 122 68

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,758 453 1,305 2,317 1,160 1,157 431 340 91

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 44,479 44,149 330 15,593 15,421 172 3,681 3,657 24

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 44,479 44,149 330 15,593 15,421 172 3,681 3,657 24

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 1,821 1,801 20 524 519 5 145 145 0

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,756 2,736 20 749 746 3 211 209 2

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 521 518 3 141 141 0 57 57 0

Architectural engineering 224 221 3 26 26 0 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
102 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 15.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1969–70—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 202 197 5 31 30 1 24 23 1

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,694 3,641 53 1,045 1,028 17 438 434 4

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 6,410 6,367 43 2,241 2,222 19 411 409 2

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 12,225 12,157 68 4,138 4,109 29 882 879 3

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 1,124 1,102 22 713 690 23 305 303 2

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 52 49 3 235 224 11 42 41 1

Geological engineering ................................................................... 153 149 4 20 20 0 10 10 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,172 3,151 21 1,763 1,746 17 126 123 3

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 9,247 9,208 39 2,297 2,285 12 435 435 0

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 748 743 5 370 365 5 224 223 1

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 170 170 0 87 86 1 39 37 2

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 310 310 0 96 94 2 11 11 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 225 221 4 342 338 4 139 138 1

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 275 275 0 82 81 1 17 16 1

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,150 1,133 17 693 671 22 165 164 1

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 56,410 18,650 37,760 8,517 3,326 5,191 1,213 837 376

English language and literature, general ........................................ 56,400 18,644 37,756 8,480 3,309 5,171 1,205 832 373

Comparative literature .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 10 6 4 37 17 20 8 5 3

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 21,109 5,613 15,496 5,137 1,917 3,220 869 579 290

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 450 176 274 396 185 211 112 87 25

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 236 94 142 62 23 39 3 1 2

Linguistics .................................................................................... 214 82 132 334 162 172 109 86 23

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 151 60 91 50 25 25 1 1 0

Chinese ....................................................................................... 81 40 41 34 17 17 0 0 0

Japanese ..................................................................................... 70 20 50 16 8 8 1 1 0

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 852 363 489 252 112 140 47 28 19

Russian ....................................................................................... 768 324 444 172 73 99 24 15 9

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 84 39 45 80 39 41 23 13 10

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 2,748 1,008 1,740 720 281 439 135 94 41

German ....................................................................................... 2,652 970 1,682 669 261 408 118 83 35

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 96 38 58 51 20 31 17 11 6

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 15,212 3,248 11,964 3,021 993 2,028 389 230 159

French ......................................................................................... 7,624 1,309 6,315 1,409 373 1,036 181 98 83

Italian ........................................................................................... 242 87 155 71 31 40 14 11 3

Portuguese .................................................................................. 35 21 14 12 6 6 5 5 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 7,226 1,810 5,416 1,372 531 841 139 86 53

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 85 21 64 157 52 105 50 30 20

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 258 148 110 49 42 7 15 15 0

Arabic .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 258 148 110 49 42 7 15 15 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 103

Table 15.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1969–70—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 1,004 485 519 289 141 148 88 64 24

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 1,004 485 519 289 141 148 88 64 24

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 434 125 309 360 138 222 82 60 22

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 25,029 7,864 17,165 4,488 2,153 2,335 357 299 58

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community health liason ................................................................ 58 28 30 1,201 765 436 90 70 20

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 0 0 0 418 382 36 5 4 1

Dental services ............................................................................... 483 3 480 16 0 16 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 32 26 6 454 396 58 7 7 0

Health care and services administration ..................................... 32 26 6 454 396 58 7 7 0

Medical records administration ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 3,161 396 2,765 24 11 13 0 0 0

Medical technology ..................................................................... 3,161 396 2,765 24 11 13 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 2,997 2,741 256 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical preparatory programs, other ....................... 2,997 2,741 256 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 109 89 20 35 32 3

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 11,216 158 11,058 1,539 18 1,521 11 1 10

Optometry ....................................................................................... 358 344 14 0 0 0 0 0 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 4,502 3,681 821 229 191 38 79 68 11

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 1,666 191 1,475 85 19 66 0 0 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 600 25 575 36 2 34 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 1,066 166 900 49 17 32 0 0 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 0 0 0 86 81 5 59 59 0

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 556 296 260 327 201 126 71 58 13

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 10,217 290 9,927 1,297 75 1,222 116 33 83

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 9,897 169 9,728 1,259 69 1,190 116 33 83

Home economics, general .............................................................. 5,047 40 5,007 530 11 519 24 0 24

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 1,702 43 1,659 270 35 235 37 20 17

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 871 28 843 210 14 196 30 8 22

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 1,317 5 1,312 138 2 136 13 2 11

Home economics, other .................................................................. 960 53 907 111 7 104 12 3 9

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 320 121 199 38 6 32 0 0 0

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 320 121 199 38 6 32 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 555 529 26 884 846 38 35 32 3

Law, general ................................................................................... 555 529 26 884 846 38 35 32 3

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
104 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 15.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1969–70—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 11,183 7,618 3,565 2,187 1,374 813 140 119 21

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 11,183 7,618 3,565 2,187 1,374 813 140 119 21

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 11,183 7,618 3,565 2,187 1,374 813 140 119 21

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 1,203 90 1,113 6,511 1,104 5,407 40 24 16

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 1,054 86 968 6,511 1,104 5,407 40 24 16

Library science, other ..................................................................... 149 4 145 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 27,442 17,177 10,265 5,636 3,966 1,670 1,236 1,140 96

Mathematics .................................................................................... 27,135 16,928 10,207 5,145 3,558 1,587 1,052 974 78

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations research .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 307 249 58 491 408 83 184 166 18

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 1,416 892 524 282 193 89 12 10 2

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 1,416 892 524 282 193 89 12 10 2

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 7,530 5,809 1,721 1,055 839 216 483 432 51

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 5,698 4,614 1,084 725 605 120 359 315 44

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 1,832 1,195 637 330 234 96 124 117 7

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 21,439 18,522 2,917 5,935 5,093 842 4,312 4,077 235

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 21,439 18,522 2,917 5,935 5,093 842 4,312 4,077 235

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 788 652 136 193 139 54 7 7 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 139 120 19 92 83 9 84 77 7

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 11,519 9,453 2,066 2,138 1,662 476 2,207 2,039 168

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 11,519 9,453 2,066 2,111 1,638 473 2,166 2,000 166

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 0 0 0 27 24 3 41 39 2

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 2,285 2,039 246 610 543 67 283 274 9

Geology ....................................................................................... 2,254 2,010 244 567 500 67 249 242 7

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 31 29 2 43 43 0 34 32 2

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 860 764 96 408 353 55 167 161 6

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 27 27 0 28 28 0 24 24 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 117 109 8 143 133 10 71 67 4

Earth science .............................................................................. 535 461 74 188 150 38 38 36 2

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 181 167 14 49 42 7 34 34 0

Physics, total ................................................................................... 5,320 4,993 327 2,200 2,043 157 1,439 1,402 37

Physics, general .......................................................................... 5,320 4,993 327 2,200 2,043 157 1,439 1,402 37

Physics, other .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 528 501 27 294 270 24 125 117 8

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 33,679 19,077 14,602 5,158 2,975 2,183 1,962 1,505 457

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 32,668 18,463 14,205 2,740 1,802 938 1,238 958 280

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 13 11 2 145 95 50 138 108 30

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 0 0 0 402 247 155 15 13 2

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 105

Table 15.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1969–70—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social psychology ........................................................................... 50 27 23 28 16 12 33 24 9

School psychology .......................................................................... 143 81 62 1,205 496 709 342 242 100

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 805 495 310 638 319 319 196 160 36

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 4,414 1,247 3,167 6,755 3,183 3,572 131 97 34

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Public administration ....................................................................... 362 340 22 1,115 1,006 109 42 40 2

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 4,052 907 3,145 5,640 2,177 3,463 89 57 32

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 1,618 1,618 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 1,618 1,618 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 149,270 95,704 53,566 15,877 11,391 4,486 3,457 3,013 444

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 20,715 11,249 9,466 2,092 1,359 733 48 41 7

Anthropology ................................................................................... 3,711 1,661 2,050 664 369 295 215 157 58

Archeology ...................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminology ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Demography and population studies .............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Economics ...................................................................................... 17,197 15,342 1,855 1,988 1,742 246 794 742 52

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,727 2,934 793 637 524 113 145 140 5

Geography ................................................................................... 3,727 2,934 793 637 524 113 145 140 5

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 43,386 28,418 14,968 5,049 3,397 1,652 1,038 901 137

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,335 964 371 871 721 150 85 79 6

Political science and government, general ..................................... 25,713 20,587 5,126 2,105 1,663 442 525 469 56

Sociology ........................................................................................ 30,436 12,362 18,074 1,813 1,138 675 534 430 104

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 3,050 2,187 863 658 478 180 73 54 19

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 3,827 2,732 1,095 2,854 2,169 685 281 274 7

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 2,914 2,029 885 1,155 721 434 43 41 2

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 719 577 142 1,460 1,264 196 200 197 3

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 194 126 68 239 184 55 38 36 2

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 707 702 5 38 38 0 2 2 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 233 233 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 474 469 5 38 38 0 2 2 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 35,901 15,347 20,554 7,849 4,158 3,691 734 592 142

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Design and applied art ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 10,363 4,604 5,759 2,546 1,194 1,352 301 256 45

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Photography ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 10,572 3,587 6,985 1,523 867 656 18 12 6

Art, general .................................................................................. 10,572 3,587 6,985 1,523 867 656 18 12 6

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 5,431 2,422 3,009 2,130 1,128 1,002 278 237 41

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, general performance ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music theory and composition .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, other ................................................................................. 5,431 2,422 3,009 2,130 1,128 1,002 278 237 41

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 9,535 4,734 4,801 1,650 969 681 137 87 50

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1969–70’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
106 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 16.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1970–71

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 839,730 475,594 364,136 230,509 138,146 92,363 32,107 27,530 4,577

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 12,672 12,136 536 2,457 2,313 144 1,086 1,055 31

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 5,881 5,701 180 1,173 1,116 57 502 491 11

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,585 4,497 88 838 813 25 381 374 7

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,491 1,445 46 123 122 1 0 0 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,706 1,677 29 298 288 10 169 165 4

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,175 1,165 10 417 403 14 212 209 3

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 213 210 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 585 523 62 171 156 15 78 75 3

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 711 681 30 164 147 17 43 42 1

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 3,451 3,165 286 750 681 69 425 406 19

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 2,770 2,538 232 448 415 33 202 197 5

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,445 2,222 223 344 318 26 145 140 5

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 245 237 8 54 52 2 30 30 0

Poultry science ............................................................................ 80 79 1 50 45 5 27 27 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 333 286 47 188 155 33 119 110 9

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 136 134 2 27 27 0 15 15 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 136 134 2 27 27 0 15 15 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 212 207 5 87 84 3 89 84 5

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 3,340 3,270 70 534 516 18 159 158 1

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 424 396 28 76 74 2 16 16 0

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 154 154 0 16 16 0 8 8 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,826 1,804 22 291 282 9 92 92 0

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 936 916 20 151 144 7 43 42 1

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 5,570 4,906 664 1,705 1,469 236 36 33 3

Architecture ..................................................................................... 3,459 3,284 175 625 578 47 6 6 0

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 568 404 164 58 42 16 2 0 2

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 314 82 232 6 2 4 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 505 474 31 107 99 8 1 1 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 229 204 25 870 712 158 26 25 1

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 495 458 37 39 36 3 1 1 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 2,582 1,229 1,353 1,032 637 395 144 120 24

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,237 1,040 1,197 722 413 309 93 73 20

African studies ............................................................................. 13 5 8 67 40 27 2 2 0

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,466 630 836 231 106 125 67 49 18

Latin American studies ................................................................ 280 148 132 148 78 70 3 3 0

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 4 2 2 8 6 2 0 0 0

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 136 73 63 49 29 20 4 4 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 240 122 118 213 150 63 17 15 2

European studies ........................................................................ 97 59 38 6 4 2 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 90 55 35 25 19 6 0 0 0

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 80 47 33 17 13 4 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 8 7 1 7 6 1 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 255 134 121 285 205 80 51 47 4

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 35,743 25,333 10,410 5,728 3,805 1,923 3,645 3,050 595

Biology, general .............................................................................. 26,294 18,253 8,041 2,665 1,746 919 536 405 131

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 621 464 157 290 183 107 618 523 95

Botany, total .................................................................................... 568 368 200 429 300 129 365 329 36

Botany, general ........................................................................... 546 349 197 311 212 99 223 195 28

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 15 13 2 90 69 21 105 100 5

Botany, other ............................................................................... 7 6 1 28 19 9 37 34 3

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 95 66 29 12 5 7 48 35 13

Cell biology .................................................................................. 29 17 12 6 1 5 16 10 6
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 107

Table 16.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1970–71—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 66 49 17 6 4 2 32 25 7

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,475 806 669 456 271 185 365 298 67

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 267 188 79 449 259 190 399 336 63

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 5 4 1 112 73 39 149 126 23

Ecology ........................................................................................ 96 78 18 21 16 5 17 15 2

Marine biology ............................................................................. 52 50 2 45 40 5 12 12 0

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 22 16 6 2 2 0 8 7 1

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 38 14 24 103 23 80 42 32 10

Toxicology ................................................................................... 0 0 0 9 4 5 5 4 1

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 46 22 24 88 51 37 128 109 19

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 8 4 4 44 31 13 24 20 4

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 0 0 0 25 19 6 14 11 3

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 5,722 4,607 1,115 1,167 840 327 1,107 955 152

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 5,380 4,314 1,066 691 451 240 418 346 72

Entomology ................................................................................. 164 147 17 188 161 27 215 202 13

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 0 0 0 65 54 11 68 62 6

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 1 1 0 75 58 17 161 141 20

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 177 145 32 148 116 32 245 204 41

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 701 581 120 260 201 59 207 169 38

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 114,729 104,275 10,454 25,977 24,967 1,010 757 736 21

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 98,744 89,579 9,165 24,594 23,642 952 732 711 21

Business, general ........................................................................... 30,187 27,208 2,979 8,693 8,316 377 190 188 2

Business administration and management, total ........................... 28,028 26,096 1,932 9,571 9,253 318 306 296 10

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 28,028 26,096 1,932 9,571 9,253 318 306 296 10

Accounting ...................................................................................... 22,099 20,036 2,063 1,097 994 103 61 58 3

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,323 34 1,289 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,179 2,051 128 242 225 17 66 62 4

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 6,583 6,395 188 1,846 1,803 43 28 28 0

Finance, general ......................................................................... 5,922 5,757 165 1,781 1,741 40 23 23 0

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 478 464 14 18 18 0 3 3 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 183 174 9 47 44 3 2 2 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 616 568 48 18 17 1 0 0 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 2,353 2,210 143 596 572 24 28 27 1

Human resources management .................................................. 1,205 1,116 89 296 288 8 3 3 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,148 1,094 54 300 284 16 25 24 1

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 220 202 18 245 235 10 6 6 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 198 171 27 104 97 7 7 7 0

Business statistics ....................................................................... 198 171 27 104 97 7 7 7 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 420 404 16 40 40 0 3 3 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 4,538 4,204 334 2,142 2,090 52 37 36 1

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 15,985 14,696 1,289 1,383 1,325 58 25 25 0

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 15,985 14,696 1,289 1,383 1,325 58 25 25 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 10,802 6,989 3,813 1,856 1,214 642 145 126 19

Communications, total ........................................................................ 10,324 6,659 3,665 1,770 1,158 612 145 126 19

Communications, general ............................................................... 1,734 1,068 666 518 314 204 93 78 15

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,194 882 312 94 73 21 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 7,043 4,444 2,599 1,048 701 347 20 18 2

Journalism ................................................................................... 5,144 2,883 2,261 853 558 295 15 13 2

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 1,899 1,561 338 195 143 52 5 5 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 353 265 88 110 70 40 32 30 2

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 478 330 148 86 56 30 0 0 0

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 478 330 148 86 56 30 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 2,388 2,064 324 1,588 1,424 164 128 125 3
108 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 16.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1970–71—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 1,624 1,388 236 1,131 988 143 110 107 3

Computer programming .................................................................. 32 32 0 5 5 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 409 360 49 171 166 5 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 177 146 31 143 130 13 11 11 0

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 88 87 1 88 86 2 6 6 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 58 51 7 50 49 1 1 1 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 176,307 44,896 131,411 87,666 38,365 49,301 6,041 4,771 1,270

Education, general .......................................................................... 2,026 383 1,643 12,867 5,458 7,409 1,598 1,272 326

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 296 81 215 2,261 887 1,374 458 341 117

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 12 7 5 21,850 13,089 8,761 1,593 1,383 210

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 5 4 1 8,409 6,460 1,949 1,028 937 91

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 106 40 66 9 6 3

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 7 3 4 13,335 6,589 6,746 556 440 116

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 3 0 3 283 140 143 88 69 19

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 3 0 3 61 34 27 58 45 13

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 0 0 0 222 106 116 30 24 6

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 180 110 70 534 304 230 129 98 31

Special education, total .................................................................. 8,360 1,106 7,254 5,962 1,531 4,431 198 137 61

Special education, general .......................................................... 2,320 341 1,979 3,051 845 2,206 114 77 37

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 239 11 228 208 40 168 4 2 2

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 12 1 11 28 7 21 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 347 56 291 378 91 287 14 9 5

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 2,640 375 2,265 935 267 668 18 13 5

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 63 4 59 50 12 38 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 149 17 132 150 32 118 0 0 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 78 4 74 97 25 72 2 1 1

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 125 9 116 179 37 142 2 2 0

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 2,358 284 2,074 572 78 494 40 30 10

Special education, other ............................................................. 29 4 25 314 97 217 4 3 1

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 98,126 9,940 88,186 23,797 6,502 17,295 767 562 205

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 12 7 5 239 141 98 45 35 10

Elementary education ................................................................. 90,432 8,090 82,342 17,070 3,123 13,947 219 116 103

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 721 260 461 134 67 67 2 1 1

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 3,405 47 3,358 533 34 499 9 2 7

Secondary education .................................................................. 3,549 1,529 2,020 5,422 2,937 2,485 212 170 42

General teacher education, other ............................................... 7 7 0 399 200 199 280 238 42

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 66,066 33,026 33,040 17,604 9,097 8,507 986 731 255

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,398 1,384 14 447 426 21 43 42 1

Art education ............................................................................... 5,661 1,598 4,063 998 334 664 53 37 16

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 8,550 2,627 5,923 1,924 777 1,147 82 56 26

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 132 99 33 171 146 25 2 1 1

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 1,089 447 642 405 199 206 51 43 8

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 6,449 94 6,355 802 77 725 28 1 27

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 7,071 6,965 106 2,099 1,988 111 106 100 6

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 2,217 1,078 1,139 782 429 353 49 34 15

Music education .......................................................................... 7,264 3,064 4,200 1,564 837 727 109 95 14

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 24,732 15,177 9,555 4,410 3,032 1,378 283 214 69

Reading education ...................................................................... 9 1 8 2,789 299 2,490 61 31 30

Science education ....................................................................... 891 479 412 883 540 343 91 76 15

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 603 13 590 330 13 317 28 1 27

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 43 5 38 236 78 158 5 2 3

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,195 238 957 2,272 1,279 993 219 176 43

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 50,046 49,646 400 16,443 16,258 185 3,638 3,615 23

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 44,898 44,540 358 16,309 16,124 185 3,637 3,614 23

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,864 2,829 35 813 804 9 219 216 3

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,443 2,426 17 717 711 6 217 214 3

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 504 503 1 135 134 1 55 55 0

Architectural engineering 272 268 4 31 29 2 3 3 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 68 67 1 73 72 1 29 29 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 109

Table 16.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1970–71—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 178 174 4 39 39 0 25 25 0

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,579 3,516 63 1,100 1,074 26 406 404 2

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 6,526 6,474 52 2,425 2,397 28 446 443 3

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 12,198 12,122 76 4,282 4,252 30 879 876 3

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 260 258 2 264 262 2 148 147 1

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 373 368 5 65 63 2 26 25 1

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 54 52 2 238 224 14 49 49 0

Geological engineering ................................................................... 123 122 1 39 39 0 9 9 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 26 26 0 7 7 0 1 1 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,171 3,152 19 1,921 1,898 23 139 136 3

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 76 73 3 124 118 6 78 77 1

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 8,858 8,817 41 2,237 2,232 5 438 438 0

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 623 617 6 273 272 1 148 147 1

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 158 157 1 66 66 0 43 43 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 416 415 1 71 71 0 13 13 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 250 246 4 329 327 2 120 120 0

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 64 64 0 52 52 0 1 1 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 292 291 1 100 99 1 17 17 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 212 211 1 32 31 1 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,310 1,292 18 876 851 25 127 125 2

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 5,148 5,106 42 134 134 0 1 1 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 5,148 5,106 42 134 134 0 1 1 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 64,342 22,155 42,187 10,686 4,211 6,475 1,650 1,175 475

English language and literature, general ........................................ 56,103 18,601 37,502 8,395 3,217 5,178 1,282 898 384

Comparative literature .................................................................... 428 150 278 245 85 160 96 68 28

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 154 72 82 185 132 53 6 6 0

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 6,970 2,983 3,987 1,715 700 1,015 235 180 55

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 687 349 338 146 77 69 31 23 8

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 20,536 5,335 15,201 5,217 1,866 3,351 988 646 342

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 857 302 555 796 344 452 272 180 92

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 607 219 388 444 171 273 122 67 55

Linguistics .................................................................................... 250 83 167 352 173 179 150 113 37

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 166 69 97 41 13 28 9 8 1

Chinese ....................................................................................... 89 43 46 22 10 12 8 8 0

Japanese ..................................................................................... 77 26 51 19 3 16 1 0 1

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 825 332 493 198 88 110 46 38 8

Russian ....................................................................................... 715 277 438 110 51 59 14 14 0

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 110 55 55 88 37 51 32 24 8

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 2,663 978 1,685 719 309 410 145 96 49

German ....................................................................................... 2,601 962 1,639 690 296 394 144 95 49

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 62 16 46 29 13 16 1 1 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 3 0

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 14,575 3,002 11,573 2,980 888 2,092 370 206 164

French ......................................................................................... 7,306 1,140 6,166 1,437 331 1,106 192 103 89

Italian ........................................................................................... 201 55 146 87 28 59 10 5 5

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 7,068 1,807 5,261 1,456 529 927 168 98 70

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 218 133 85 25 23 2 8 7 1

Arabic .......................................................................................... 15 4 11 6 6 0 4 3 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 203 129 74 19 17 2 4 4 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
110 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 16.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1970–71—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 908 408 500 263 110 153 80 65 15

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 341 177 164 110 51 59 57 49 8

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 104 65 39 21 10 11 18 11 7

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 463 166 297 132 49 83 5 5 0

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 323 110 213 195 91 104 55 43 12

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 25,226 5,788 19,438 5,749 2,567 3,182 466 389 77

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 1,427 176 1,251 823 152 671 70 48 22

Community health liason ................................................................ 127 91 36 1,244 772 472 85 66 19

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 5 5 0 450 428 22 14 14 0

Dental services ............................................................................... 593 64 529 24 0 24 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 208 63 145 496 436 60 14 14 0

Health care and services administration ..................................... 60 56 4 496 436 60 14 14 0

Medical records administration ................................................... 148 7 141 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 3,145 415 2,730 77 36 41 14 13 1

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 3,145 415 2,730 77 36 41 14 13 1

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 11 11 0 129 106 23 43 29 14

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 36 24 12 304 166 138 7 5 2

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 36 24 12 304 166 138 7 5 2

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 12,199 253 11,946 1,530 31 1,499 7 1 6

Optometry ....................................................................................... 351 339 12 12 10 2 2 2 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 4,549 3,636 913 194 154 40 94 93 1

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 1,915 283 1,632 124 25 99 0 0 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 663 26 637 51 6 45 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 1,252 257 995 73 19 54 0 0 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 2 2 0 89 83 6 46 45 1

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 656 424 232 253 168 85 70 59 11

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 11,167 301 10,866 1,452 88 1,364 123 48 75

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 10,593 160 10,433 1,362 80 1,282 116 47 69

Home economics, general .............................................................. 5,439 49 5,390 648 21 627 18 0 18

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 1,667 41 1,626 296 45 251 55 34 21

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 981 19 962 231 10 221 33 13 20

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 1,521 13 1,508 123 2 121 8 0 8

Home economics, other .................................................................. 985 38 947 64 2 62 2 0 2

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 574 141 433 90 8 82 7 1 6

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 232 13 219 58 2 56 5 1 4

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 342 128 214 32 6 26 2 0 2

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 545 518 27 955 909 46 20 20 0

Law, general ................................................................................... 536 509 27 922 880 42 20 20 0

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 9 9 0 33 29 4 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 7,481 4,971 2,510 885 490 395 32 22 10
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 111

Table 16.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1970–71—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 7,481 4971 2510 885 490 395 32 22 10

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 5,461 3,880 1,581 549 306 243 11 8 3

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 2,020 1,091 929 336 184 152 21 14 7

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 1,013 81 932 7,001 1,311 5,690 39 28 11

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 978 80 898 6,959 1,296 5,663 35 26 9

Library science, other ..................................................................... 35 1 34 42 15 27 4 2 2

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 24,937 15,498 9,439 5,695 4,149 1,546 1,249 1,154 95

Mathematics .................................................................................... 24,253 14,951 9,302 4,499 3,132 1,367 971 890 81

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 384 330 54 636 591 45 93 91 2

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 248 201 47 132 115 17 43 43 0

Operations research .................................................................... 136 129 7 504 476 28 50 48 2

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 214 160 54 495 396 99 185 173 12

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 86 57 29 65 30 35 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 6,286 4,853 1,433 821 616 205 59 55 4

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,897 3,193 704 524 407 117 15 14 1

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 2,389 1,660 729 297 209 88 44 41 3

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 1,621 1,058 563 218 153 65 2 1 1

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 1,621 1,058 563 218 153 65 2 1 1

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 8,146 6,126 2,020 1,326 894 432 554 510 44

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 5,785 4,620 1,165 598 449 149 394 358 36

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,361 1,506 855 728 445 283 160 152 8

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 21,412 18,459 2,953 6,367 5,521 846 4,390 4,144 246

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 21,412 18,459 2,953 6,367 5,521 846 4,390 4,144 246

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 985 839 146 297 240 57 29 28 1

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 102 94 8 100 88 12 76 69 7

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 34 33 1 8 6 2 24 23 1

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 249 245 4 153 149 4 61 61 0

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 11,063 9,026 2,037 2,275 1,787 488 2,159 1,986 173

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 11,037 9,006 2,031 2,197 1,733 464 1,952 1,798 154

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 2 2 0 11 11 0

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 14 10 4 5 4 1 26 21 5

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 9 7 2 26 14 12 58 53 5

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 2 2 0 31 26 5 66 62 4

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 1 1 0 14 8 6 46 41 5

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 2,414 2,149 265 651 588 63 324 313 11

Geology ....................................................................................... 2,359 2,097 262 606 544 62 289 279 10

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 7 6 1 5 5 0 4 3 1

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 48 46 2 40 39 1 31 31 0

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 961 846 115 482 432 50 116 112 4

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 39 39 0 44 43 1 30 30 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 228 222 6 152 140 12 52 50 2

Earth science .............................................................................. 667 559 108 262 227 35 25 24 1

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 27 26 1 24 22 2 9 8 1

Physics, total ................................................................................... 5,071 4,729 342 2,188 2,038 150 1,482 1,439 43

Physics, general .......................................................................... 5,046 4,708 338 2,174 2,027 147 1,449 1,407 42

Physics, other .............................................................................. 25 21 4 14 11 3 33 32 1

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 533 498 35 213 193 20 119 113 6

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 2,045 1,856 189 194 174 20 1 1 0

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 2,045 1,856 189 194 174 20 1 1 0

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 2,045 1,856 189 194 174 20 1 1 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 38,187 21,227 16,960 5,717 3,395 2,322 2,144 1,629 515

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 37,219 20,682 16,537 3,227 2,063 1,164 1,443 1,100 343

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 24 16 8 191 119 72 133 104 29

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 21 14 7 499 286 213 20 16 4

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 8 0 8 24 10 14 13 7 6

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 44 44 0 60 44 16 72 57 15

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 42 28 14 21 19 2 5 4 1
112 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 16.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1970–71—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 20 14 6 4 4 0 4 2 2

Social psychology ........................................................................... 78 33 45 37 25 12 51 33 18

School psychology .......................................................................... 307 198 109 1,286 612 674 362 274 88

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 424 198 226 368 213 155 41 32 9

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 5,466 1,726 3,740 7,785 3,893 3,892 174 132 42

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 233 77 156 72 64 8 2 2 0

Public administration ....................................................................... 425 372 53 1,406 1,255 151 36 33 3

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 4,608 1,139 3,469 6,019 2,415 3,604 126 87 39

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 200 138 62 288 159 129 10 10 0

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 357 356 1 2 2 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 152 151 1 2 2 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 205 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 155,324 98,173 57,151 16,539 11,833 4,706 3,660 3,153 507

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 21,543 11,753 9,790 2,330 1,522 808 50 38 12

Anthropology ................................................................................... 4,384 1,952 2,432 766 429 337 241 178 63

Archeology ...................................................................................... 72 34 38 29 11 18 8 4 4

Criminology ..................................................................................... 659 508 151 136 116 20 15 12 3

Demography and population studies .............................................. 5 3 2 6 4 2 8 5 3

Economics ...................................................................................... 15,758 13,890 1,868 1,995 1,733 262 721 668 53

Geography, total ............................................................................. 4,155 3291 864 649 528 121 164 147 17

Geography ................................................................................... 4,155 3,291 864 649 528 121 164 147 17

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 44,663 29,055 15,608 5,157 3,470 1,687 991 871 120

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,300 933 367 846 714 132 67 59 8

Political science and government, general ..................................... 27,482 21,966 5,516 2,318 1,839 479 700 615 85

Sociology ........................................................................................ 33,263 13,610 19,653 1,808 1,131 677 574 455 119

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 371 207 164 236 161 75 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 1,669 971 698 263 175 88 121 101 20

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 3,744 2,727 1,017 2,710 2,049 661 312 306 6

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 24 23 1 18 10 8 0 0 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,365 722 643 937 551 386 34 31 3

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 116 64 52 106 76 30 6 6 0

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 1,891 1,644 247 1,342 1,204 138 249 246 3

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 348 274 74 307 208 99 23 23 0

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 662 656 6 63 63 0 3 3 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 662 656 6 63 63 0 3 3 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 30,394 12,256 18,138 6,675 3,510 3,165 621 483 138

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 3,595 1,272 2,323 556 268 288 28 21 7

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 297 23 274 78 10 68 1 0 1

Design and applied art ................................................................... 2,048 916 1,132 120 82 38 2 1 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 3,675 1,661 2,014 1,039 549 490 122 100 22

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 547 459 88 83 74 9 0 0 0

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 70 58 12 26 24 2 0 0 0

Photography ................................................................................ 477 401 76 57 50 7 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 12,397 4,253 8,144 1,953 1,052 901 52 27 25

Art, general .................................................................................. 10,688 3,920 6,768 1,690 960 730 6 3 3

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 1,709 333 1,376 263 92 171 46 24 22

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 6,062 2,726 3,336 2,435 1,277 1,158 326 273 53

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 96 43 53 99 47 52 40 36 4

Music, general performance ....................................................... 3,318 1,559 1,759 1,713 878 835 200 164 36

Music theory and composition .................................................... 2,648 1,124 1,524 623 352 271 86 73 13

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 1,773 946 827 411 198 213 90 61 29

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1970–71’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 113

Table 17.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1971–72

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 887,273 500,590 386,683 251,633 149,550 102,083 33,363 28,090 5,273

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 13,516 12,779 737 2,680 2,490 190 971 945 26

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 5,926 5,704 222 1,236 1,161 75 442 431 11

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,575 4,453 122 870 831 39 314 306 8

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,547 1,472 75 156 147 9 0 0 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,744 1,710 34 301 284 17 148 144 4

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,066 1,054 12 407 395 12 166 162 4

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 218 217 1 6 5 1 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 599 535 64 182 164 18 83 80 3

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 752 716 36 184 166 18 45 45 0

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 3,735 3,363 372 761 678 83 374 361 13

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,025 2,743 282 421 392 29 193 188 5

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,685 2,419 266 326 306 20 142 139 3

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 250 238 12 63 58 5 31 29 2

Poultry science ............................................................................ 90 86 4 32 28 4 20 20 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 304 234 70 195 150 45 76 71 5

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 141 140 1 43 43 0 17 17 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 141 140 1 43 43 0 17 17 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 265 246 19 102 93 9 88 85 3

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 3,855 3,712 143 683 651 32 155 153 2

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 593 530 63 99 90 9 15 14 1

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 133 123 10 9 9 0 8 7 1

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,993 1,954 39 346 333 13 87 87 0

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,136 1,105 31 229 219 10 45 45 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 6,440 5,667 773 1,899 1,626 273 50 43 7

Architecture ..................................................................................... 3,652 3,460 192 580 529 51 4 4 0

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 920 715 205 73 51 22 7 7 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 281 69 212 14 13 1 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 526 490 36 144 130 14 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 319 297 22 957 799 158 34 28 6

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 742 636 106 131 104 27 5 4 1

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,044 1,486 1,558 1,001 590 411 155 127 28

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,447 1,154 1,293 774 445 329 97 77 20

African studies ............................................................................. 22 9 13 62 37 25 1 1 0

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,656 738 918 282 128 154 74 58 16

Latin American studies ................................................................ 304 156 148 159 105 54 12 10 2

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 19 10 9 7 6 1 1 0 1

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 113 49 64 59 36 23 4 4 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 269 149 120 193 124 69 5 4 1

European studies ........................................................................ 64 43 21 11 8 3 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 267 159 108 28 13 15 1 1 0

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 230 136 94 13 7 6 1 1 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 32 21 11 15 6 9 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 5 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 330 173 157 199 132 67 57 49 8

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 37,293 26,323 10,970 6,101 4,087 2,014 3,653 3,031 622

Biology, general .............................................................................. 27,473 19,105 8,368 2,943 1,943 1,000 580 453 127

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 780 595 185 297 193 104 568 470 98

Botany, total .................................................................................... 557 374 183 452 315 137 346 305 41

Botany, general ........................................................................... 516 335 181 356 234 122 227 193 34

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 30 28 2 81 68 13 92 86 6

Botany, other ............................................................................... 11 11 0 15 13 2 27 26 1

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 78 52 26 26 15 11 69 40 29

Cell biology .................................................................................. 29 22 7 12 8 4 18 7 11
114 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 17.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1971–72—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 49 30 19 14 7 7 51 33 18

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,548 883 665 470 263 207 351 272 79

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 185 129 56 445 281 164 461 370 91

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 3 1 2 78 58 20 152 116 36

Ecology ........................................................................................ 78 60 18 53 44 9 19 17 2

Marine biology ............................................................................. 26 23 3 73 65 8 21 18 3

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 0 0 0 6 6 0 21 18 3

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 24 9 15 112 31 81 66 50 16

Toxicology ................................................................................... 1 1 0 5 4 1 9 7 2

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 48 32 16 71 43 28 134 110 24

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 5 3 2 26 17 9 23 18 5

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 0 0 0 21 13 8 16 16 0

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 5,522 4,325 1,197 1,189 875 314 1,094 962 132

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 5,193 4,044 1,149 671 468 203 400 348 52

Entomology ................................................................................. 166 155 11 191 162 29 194 187 7

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 1 1 0 75 53 22 91 74 17

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 5 3 2 74 59 15 167 147 20

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 157 122 35 178 133 45 242 206 36

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,150 860 290 279 202 77 184 159 25

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 121,266 109,688 11,578 30,028 28,845 1,183 859 840 19

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 104,862 94,787 10,075 28,536 27,402 1,134 813 796 17

Business, general ........................................................................... 31,295 28,091 3,204 9,612 9,172 440 131 129 2

Business administration and management, total ........................... 31,694 29,423 2,271 12,114 11,718 396 399 387 12

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 31,694 29,423 2,271 12,114 11,718 396 399 387 12

Accounting ...................................................................................... 24,801 22,307 2,494 1,377 1,269 108 51 51 0

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,256 29 1,227 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,345 2,213 132 269 244 25 78 76 2

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 6,321 6,117 204 1,866 1,811 55 53 53 0

Finance, general ......................................................................... 5,890 5,703 187 1,783 1,733 50 49 49 0

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 431 414 17 31 29 2 3 3 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 0 0 0 52 49 3 1 1 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 799 729 70 26 24 2 2 2 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 2,524 2,370 154 597 557 40 36 36 0

Human resources management .................................................. 1,316 1,212 104 297 284 13 18 18 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,208 1,158 50 300 273 27 18 18 0

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 194 178 16 693 674 19 14 14 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 212 192 20 73 69 4 10 10 0

Business statistics ....................................................................... 212 192 20 73 69 4 10 10 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 456 431 25 61 60 1 1 1 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 2,965 2,707 258 1,848 1,804 44 38 37 1

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 16,404 14,901 1,503 1,492 1,443 49 46 44 2

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 16,404 14,901 1,503 1,492 1,443 49 46 44 2

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 12,340 7,964 4,376 2,200 1,443 757 111 96 15

Communications, total ........................................................................ 11,860 7,625 4,235 2,043 1,342 701 105 90 15

Communications, general ............................................................... 2,504 1,606 898 578 347 231 69 57 12

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,141 820 321 118 92 26 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 7,523 4,797 2,726 1,173 802 371 12 11 1

Journalism ................................................................................... 5,385 3,055 2,330 950 631 319 11 10 1

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 2,138 1,742 396 223 171 52 1 1 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 692 402 290 174 101 73 24 22 2

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 480 339 141 157 101 56 6 6 0

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 480 339 141 157 101 56 6 6 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 3,402 2,941 461 1,977 1,752 225 167 155 12
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 115

Table 17.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1971–72—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 2,451 2,117 334 1,572 1,363 209 145 134 11

Computer programming .................................................................. 8 5 3 7 6 1 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 504 435 69 131 128 3 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 268 241 27 142 133 9 16 15 1

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 72 63 9 110 107 3 6 6 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 99 80 19 15 15 0 0 0 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 190,880 49,344 141,536 96,668 41,141 55,527 6,648 5,104 1,544

Education, general .......................................................................... 3,816 510 3,306 13,065 5,692 7,373 1,643 1,270 373

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 370 93 277 2,374 938 1,436 524 365 159

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 53 23 30 23,590 13,947 9,643 1,736 1,510 226

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 10 7 3 8,602 6,687 1,915 1,137 1,057 80

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 151 50 101 11 10 1

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 43 16 27 14,837 7,210 7,627 588 443 145

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 12 5 7 194 99 95 90 66 24

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 2 0 2 80 42 38 48 36 12

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 10 5 5 114 57 57 42 30 12

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 238 79 159 581 327 254 137 99 38

Special education, total .................................................................. 11,069 1,439 9,630 6,916 1,789 5,127 234 149 85

Special education, general .......................................................... 4,042 557 3,485 3,733 963 2,770 166 109 57

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 339 33 306 160 26 134 6 4 2

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 8 0 8 12 1 11 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 470 71 399 449 132 317 12 10 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 3,093 408 2,685 1,022 296 726 19 14 5

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 39 0 39 101 54 47 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 200 35 165 154 24 130 4 1 3

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 82 9 73 64 28 36 1 1 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 159 21 138 242 47 195 3 2 1

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 2,447 271 2,176 624 110 514 13 2 11

Special education, other ............................................................. 190 34 156 355 108 247 10 6 4

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 104,365 11,779 92,586 28,162 7,547 20,615 1,007 708 299

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 44 10 34 274 163 111 111 84 27

Elementary education ................................................................. 93,181 8,777 84,404 19,570 3,464 16,106 314 162 152

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 592 204 388 123 63 60 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,416 90 4,326 944 38 906 6 1 5

Secondary education .................................................................. 6,125 2,692 3,433 6,828 3,575 3,253 314 250 64

General teacher education, other ............................................... 7 6 1 423 244 179 262 211 51

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 68,857 34,649 34,208 18,141 9,121 9,020 1,059 774 285

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,343 1,330 13 435 430 5 39 38 1

Art education ............................................................................... 5,950 1,576 4,374 1,048 347 701 57 45 12

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 8,437 2,588 5,849 2,166 851 1,315 74 47 27

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 104 89 15 126 123 3 0 0 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 1,020 509 511 556 287 269 84 65 19

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 6,256 11 6,245 698 7 691 12 0 12

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 8,085 7,942 143 2,158 2,024 134 130 126 4

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 2,425 1,144 1,281 764 413 351 51 43 8

Music education .......................................................................... 7,093 3,086 4,007 1,529 797 732 117 98 19

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 26,249 15,783 10,466 4,355 3,006 1,349 285 195 90

Reading education ...................................................................... 23 1 22 3,287 372 2,915 90 43 47

Science education ....................................................................... 1,064 577 487 758 446 312 95 73 22

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 808 13 795 261 18 243 25 1 24

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 48 6 42 263 88 175 3 3 0

Education, other .............................................................................. 2,052 761 1,291 3,382 1,593 1,789 215 160 55

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 51,164 50,638 526 16,960 16,688 272 3,671 3,649 22

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 45,392 44,912 480 16,723 16,452 271 3,656 3,634 22

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,925 2,880 45 991 974 17 284 282 2

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,180 2,160 20 687 680 7 197 197 0

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 447 446 1 177 177 0 65 65 0

Architectural engineering 253 247 6 23 23 0 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 65 61 4 88 84 4 46 46 0
116 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 17.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1971–72—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 196 193 3 60 56 4 19 18 1

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,625 3,551 74 1,154 1,126 28 394 393 1

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 6,803 6,741 62 2,487 2,449 38 415 413 2

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 12,101 12,022 79 4,206 4,154 52 824 821 3

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 210 209 1 269 262 7 147 145 2

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 469 458 11 78 76 2 30 30 0

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 96 92 4 359 349 10 41 39 2

Geological engineering ................................................................... 111 105 6 40 40 0 17 17 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 65 63 2 7 7 0 7 7 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,680 3,642 38 1,731 1,706 25 168 168 0

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 116 110 6 165 160 5 96 96 0

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 8,530 8,482 48 2,282 2,264 18 411 410 1

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 579 572 7 264 262 2 127 125 2

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 169 168 1 76 76 0 36 35 1

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 304 303 1 51 49 2 6 6 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 312 305 7 383 377 6 120 118 2

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 164 159 5 77 73 4 9 9 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 304 300 4 105 104 1 20 20 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 65 61 4 21 21 0 3 3 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,623 1,582 41 942 903 39 174 171 3

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 5,772 5,726 46 237 236 1 15 15 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 5,772 5,726 46 237 236 1 15 15 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 63,976 22,657 41,319 10,579 4,123 6,456 1,826 1,233 593

English language and literature, general ........................................ 55,209 18,849 36,360 8,256 3,110 5,146 1,435 944 491

Comparative literature .................................................................... 269 77 192 167 57 110 92 60 32

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 110 57 53 168 122 46 6 5 1

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 7,250 3,180 4,070 1,731 704 1,027 238 186 52

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,138 494 644 257 130 127 55 38 17

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 19,543 5,043 14,500 5,111 1,857 3,254 1,038 678 360

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 877 291 586 760 316 444 290 196 94

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 586 182 404 388 142 246 151 91 60

Linguistics .................................................................................... 291 109 182 372 174 198 139 105 34

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 189 99 90 25 16 9 13 9 4

Chinese ....................................................................................... 103 59 44 20 14 6 11 7 4

Japanese ..................................................................................... 86 40 46 5 2 3 2 2 0

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 730 307 423 223 108 115 45 28 17

Russian ....................................................................................... 658 270 388 150 65 85 15 12 3

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 72 37 35 73 43 30 30 16 14

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 2,497 885 1,612 616 244 372 174 118 56

German ....................................................................................... 2,477 878 1,599 608 241 367 167 113 54

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 20 7 13 8 3 5 7 5 2

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 13,956 2,889 11,067 2,946 873 2,073 364 214 150

French ......................................................................................... 6,822 1,075 5,747 1,421 339 1,082 193 101 92

Italian ........................................................................................... 287 80 207 104 28 76 19 13 6

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 6,847 1,734 5,113 1,421 506 915 152 100 52

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 177 82 95 79 66 13 6 6 0

Arabic .......................................................................................... 10 8 2 4 1 3 0 0 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 167 74 93 75 65 10 6 6 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 117

Table 17.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1971–72—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 848 376 472 214 107 107 80 58 22

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 403 186 217 123 67 56 58 47 11

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 108 70 38 14 9 5 14 7 7

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 337 120 217 77 31 46 8 4 4

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 267 113 154 248 127 121 66 49 17

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 28,611 7,005 21,606 7,207 3,141 4,066 442 362 80

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 1,863 254 1,609 1,033 152 881 58 39 19

Community health liason ................................................................ 121 89 32 1,533 922 611 81 56 25

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 2 2 0 415 406 9 11 11 0

Dental services ............................................................................... 667 54 613 25 2 23 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 288 76 212 644 548 96 12 12 0

Health care and services administration ..................................... 126 71 55 644 548 96 12 12 0

Medical records administration ................................................... 162 5 157 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 3,416 568 2,848 93 43 50 4 4 0

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 3,416 568 2,848 93 43 50 4 4 0

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 19 15 4 187 142 45 21 20 1

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 41 15 26 332 154 178 17 11 6

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 41 15 26 332 154 178 17 11 6

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 13,152 340 12,812 1,829 31 1,798 10 0 10

Optometry ....................................................................................... 458 442 16 9 9 0 5 5 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 4,612 3,571 1,041 221 172 49 101 93 8

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 2,160 334 1,826 137 45 92 0 0 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 733 45 688 82 20 62 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 1,427 289 1,138 55 25 30 0 0 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 77 66 11 80 77 3 36 36 0

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 1,735 1,179 556 669 438 231 86 75 11

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 12,072 427 11,645 1,666 122 1,544 104 30 74

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 11,434 283 11,151 1,564 112 1,452 100 30 70

Home economics, general .............................................................. 5,376 52 5,324 697 22 675 14 2 12

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 2,108 79 2,029 365 50 315 47 19 28

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 1,188 49 1,139 268 19 249 27 8 19

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 1,679 30 1,649 143 2 141 8 0 8

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,083 73 1,010 91 19 72 4 1 3

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 638 144 494 102 10 92 4 0 4

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 344 20 324 70 6 64 3 0 3

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 294 124 170 32 4 28 1 0 1

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 503 470 33 917 867 50 40 39 1

Law, general ................................................................................... 476 446 30 487 456 31 34 33 1

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 27 24 3 430 411 19 6 6 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 9,487 6,459 3,028 1,241 637 604 42 29 13
118 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 17.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1971–72—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 9,487 6459 3028 1,241 637 604 42 29 13

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 7,558 5,386 2,172 1,027 556 471 3 3 0

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 1,929 1,073 856 214 81 133 39 26 13

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 989 66 923 7,383 1,484 5,899 64 36 28

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 921 59 862 7,138 1,414 5,724 55 29 26

Library science, other ..................................................................... 68 7 61 245 70 175 9 7 2

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 23,807 14,542 9,265 5,537 3,976 1,561 1,165 1,075 90

Mathematics .................................................................................... 23,261 14,114 9,147 4,619 3,198 1,421 925 849 76

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 325 269 56 461 425 36 67 65 2

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 231 181 50 122 104 18 30 29 1

Operations research .................................................................... 94 88 6 339 321 18 37 36 1

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 168 121 47 416 331 85 173 161 12

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 53 38 15 41 22 19 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 6,860 4,867 1,993 902 665 237 106 97 9

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,335 2,527 808 508 386 122 19 16 3

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 3,525 2,340 1,185 394 279 115 87 81 6

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 2,161 1,438 723 369 250 119 12 9 3

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,161 1,438 723 369 250 119 12 9 3

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 8,535 6,337 2,198 1,386 931 455 563 498 65

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 5,939 4,640 1,299 615 493 122 364 320 44

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,596 1,697 899 771 438 333 199 178 21

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 20,745 17,663 3,082 6,287 5,404 883 4,103 3,830 273

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 20,745 17,663 3,082 6,287 5,404 883 4,103 3,830 273

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 979 829 150 261 214 47 38 37 1

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 139 116 23 89 78 11 92 86 6

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 20 19 1 78 77 1 17 16 1

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 289 273 16 168 164 4 75 74 1

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 10,590 8,533 2,057 2,248 1,748 500 1,971 1,778 193

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 10,560 8,508 2,052 2,177 1,698 479 1,852 1,672 180

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 2 2 0 7 7 0

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 19 17 2 5 3 2 11 8 3

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 1 0 1 30 23 7 42 38 4

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 2 2 0 19 14 5 28 25 3

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 8 6 2 15 8 7 31 28 3

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 2,573 2,247 326 841 751 90 310 294 16

Geology ....................................................................................... 2,513 2,194 319 787 698 89 266 252 14

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 9 7 2 5 5 0 6 5 1

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 51 46 5 49 48 1 38 37 1

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,288 1,125 163 458 398 60 171 165 6

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 18 18 0 35 35 0 21 21 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 356 348 8 166 148 18 71 70 1

Earth science .............................................................................. 810 666 144 221 182 39 47 43 4

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 104 93 11 36 33 3 32 31 1

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,634 4,314 320 2,033 1,874 159 1,344 1,301 43

Physics, general .......................................................................... 4,583 4,264 319 2,026 1,869 157 1,332 1,290 42

Physics, other .............................................................................. 51 50 1 7 5 2 12 11 1

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 233 207 26 111 100 11 85 79 6

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 2,913 2,564 349 211 195 16 3 3 0

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 2,913 2,564 349 211 195 16 3 3 0

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 2,913 2,564 349 211 195 16 3 3 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 43,433 23,352 20,081 6,764 3,934 2,830 2,277 1,694 583

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 42,177 22,768 19,409 3,797 2,438 1,359 1,489 1,124 365

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 15 10 5 237 143 94 154 119 35

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 61 17 44 452 232 220 25 20 5

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 52 5 47 95 25 70 34 18 16

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 48 48 0 59 41 18 73 59 14

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 28 22 6 27 23 4 3 3 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 119

Table 17.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1971–72—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 32 22 10 8 6 2 13 11 2

Social psychology ........................................................................... 108 53 55 43 34 9 39 31 8

School psychology .......................................................................... 340 193 147 1,475 675 800 396 280 116

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 572 214 358 571 317 254 51 29 22

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 7,508 2,588 4,920 8,756 4,537 4,219 193 150 43

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 316 132 184 38 32 6 1 0 1

Public administration ....................................................................... 347 312 35 1,851 1,672 179 68 62 6

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 6,090 1,539 4,551 6,470 2,570 3,900 99 68 31

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 755 605 150 397 263 134 25 20 5

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 206 206 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 111 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 158,060 100,895 57,165 17,445 12,540 4,905 4,081 3,483 598

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 21,115 11,664 9,451 2,269 1,490 779 69 52 17

Anthropology ................................................................................... 5,151 2,352 2,799 818 455 363 241 175 66

Archeology ...................................................................................... 37 13 24 14 6 8 5 2 3

Criminology ..................................................................................... 801 661 140 100 79 21 12 11 1

Demography and population studies .............................................. 4 2 2 33 24 9 9 7 2

Economics ...................................................................................... 15,231 13,456 1,775 2,224 1,940 284 794 734 60

Geography, total ............................................................................. 4,326 3416 910 786 672 114 203 191 12

Geography ................................................................................... 4,326 3,416 910 786 672 114 203 191 12

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 43,695 28,688 15,007 5,217 3,527 1,690 1,133 955 178

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,250 867 383 817 707 110 73 67 6

Political science and government, general ..................................... 28,135 22,845 5,290 2,451 1,949 502 758 678 80

Sociology ........................................................................................ 35,216 15,231 19,985 1,944 1,191 753 636 500 136

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 603 339 264 400 287 113 3 3 0

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,496 1,361 1,135 372 213 159 145 108 37

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 3,882 2,803 1,079 2,755 2,110 645 441 420 21

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 78 76 2 5 5 0 4 4 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,101 562 539 1,028 549 479 50 48 2

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 135 75 60 138 112 26 10 6 4

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 2,040 1,744 296 1,486 1,369 117 340 326 14

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 528 346 182 98 75 23 37 36 1

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 806 798 8 66 66 0 6 6 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 157 157 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 649 641 8 66 66 0 6 6 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 33,831 13,580 20,251 7,537 4,049 3,488 572 428 144

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 4,296 1,507 2,789 787 430 357 19 11 8

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 430 85 345 99 12 87 3 0 3

Design and applied art ................................................................... 2,608 1,134 1,474 129 77 52 0 0 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 4,448 1,881 2,567 1,210 571 639 134 102 32

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 667 549 118 96 79 17 0 0 0

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 128 99 29 49 34 15 0 0 0

Photography ................................................................................ 539 450 89 47 45 2 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 13,478 4,731 8,747 2,124 1,215 909 51 28 23

Art, general .................................................................................. 11,769 4,401 7,368 1,851 1,134 717 12 7 5

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 1,709 330 1,379 273 81 192 39 21 18

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 6,299 2,829 3,470 2,663 1,438 1,225 316 253 63

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 110 43 67 117 62 55 34 25 9

Music, general performance ....................................................... 3,215 1,504 1,711 1,822 990 832 202 171 31

Music theory and composition .................................................... 2,974 1,282 1,692 724 386 338 80 57 23

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 1,605 864 741 429 227 202 49 34 15

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1971–72’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
120 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 18.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1972–73

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 922,362 518,191 404,171 263,371 154,468 108,903 34,777 28,571 6,206

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 14,756 13,661 1,095 2,807 2,588 219 1,059 1,031 28

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 6,306 5,926 380 1,284 1,194 90 466 450 16

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,287 4,152 135 913 870 43 369 361 8

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,515 1,443 72 152 143 9 2 2 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,629 1,584 45 334 319 15 177 176 1

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 977 961 16 427 408 19 190 183 7

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 166 164 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 696 596 100 154 137 17 53 52 1

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 1,323 1,178 145 217 187 30 44 37 7

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 4,109 3,620 489 811 729 82 380 370 10

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,240 2,870 370 444 417 27 191 187 4

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,904 2,560 344 321 300 21 145 142 3

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 269 253 16 83 79 4 30 29 1

Poultry science ............................................................................ 67 57 10 40 38 2 16 16 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 439 340 99 227 179 48 73 69 4

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 155 150 5 57 55 2 19 19 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 155 150 5 57 55 2 19 19 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 275 260 15 83 78 5 97 95 2

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 4,341 4,115 226 712 665 47 213 211 2

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 995 881 114 118 106 12 20 20 0

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 85 83 2 5 4 1 7 7 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,001 1,961 40 356 331 25 138 138 0

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,260 1,190 70 233 224 9 48 46 2

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 6,962 6,042 920 2,307 1,943 364 58 54 4

Architecture ..................................................................................... 3,957 3,705 252 729 657 72 7 7 0

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 892 708 184 67 40 27 7 7 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 358 56 302 7 7 0 1 1 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 535 479 56 155 131 24 1 1 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 290 250 40 1,148 942 206 37 35 2

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 930 844 86 201 166 35 5 3 2

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,512 1,669 1,843 1,053 664 389 163 117 46

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,734 1,288 1,446 761 464 297 109 76 33

African studies ............................................................................. 18 11 7 68 45 23 2 2 0

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,785 822 963 265 130 135 77 49 28

Latin American studies ................................................................ 281 140 141 162 96 66 9 8 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 45 21 24 5 4 1 5 5 0

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 152 66 86 45 36 9 1 1 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 379 197 182 205 146 59 14 10 4

European studies ........................................................................ 74 31 43 9 5 4 1 1 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 439 205 234 30 16 14 0 0 0

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 351 155 196 21 10 11 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 84 46 38 9 6 3 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 339 176 163 262 184 78 54 41 13

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 42,233 29,636 12,597 6,263 4,354 1,909 3,636 2,926 710

Biology, general .............................................................................. 31,185 21,640 9,545 2,959 1,990 969 627 492 135

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 924 722 202 318 232 86 601 489 112

Botany, total .................................................................................... 735 484 251 495 369 126 365 306 59

Botany, general ........................................................................... 674 432 242 367 261 106 227 178 49

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 29 26 3 108 91 17 100 92 8

Botany, other ............................................................................... 32 26 6 20 17 3 38 36 2

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 81 51 30 18 9 9 74 52 22

Cell biology .................................................................................. 25 17 8 7 3 4 22 14 8
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 121

Table 18.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1972–73—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 56 34 22 11 6 5 52 38 14

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,940 1,074 866 517 352 165 344 267 77

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 237 167 70 417 254 163 385 295 90

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 5 4 1 88 72 16 128 93 35

Ecology ........................................................................................ 58 40 18 47 33 14 32 27 5

Marine biology ............................................................................. 96 80 16 19 14 5 14 12 2

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 2 1 1 3 3 0 14 12 2

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 26 11 15 107 37 70 53 34 19

Toxicology ................................................................................... 5 4 1 6 5 1 6 5 1

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 38 20 18 72 41 31 105 84 21

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 7 7 0 48 24 24 19 16 3

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 0 0 0 27 25 2 14 12 2

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 5,770 4,494 1,276 1,191 868 323 1,008 837 171

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 5,365 4,182 1,183 654 458 196 338 266 72

Entomology ................................................................................. 205 163 42 209 175 34 189 173 16

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 0 0 0 63 36 27 76 70 6

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 7 6 1 86 65 21 129 107 22

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 193 143 50 179 134 45 276 221 55

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,361 1,004 357 348 280 68 232 188 44

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 126,144 112,783 13,361 30,638 29,128 1,510 902 850 52

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 110,779 98,899 11,880 29,560 28,106 1,454 827 799 28

Business, general ........................................................................... 29,916 26,694 3,222 9,053 8,595 458 190 182 8

Business administration and management, total ........................... 32,878 30,197 2,681 12,488 11,965 523 323 313 10

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 32,878 30,197 2,681 12,488 11,965 523 323 313 10

Accounting ...................................................................................... 27,947 24,710 3,237 1,621 1,480 141 83 82 1

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,330 32 1,298 36 18 18 1 1 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,394 2,216 178 242 214 28 74 70 4

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 6,769 6,509 260 1,824 1,762 62 35 34 1

Finance, general ......................................................................... 6,213 5,979 234 1,741 1,683 58 33 32 1

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 501 476 25 22 21 1 2 2 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 55 54 1 61 58 3 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 860 788 72 22 22 0 0 0 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 2,672 2,464 208 677 626 51 33 33 0

Human resources management .................................................. 1,189 1,077 112 352 327 25 12 12 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,483 1,387 96 325 299 26 21 21 0

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 195 179 16 745 714 31 5 4 1

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 99 77 22 99 85 14 13 13 0

Business statistics ....................................................................... 99 77 22 99 85 14 13 13 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 605 555 50 75 73 2 0 0 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 5,114 4,478 636 2,678 2,552 126 70 67 3

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 15,365 13,884 1,481 1,078 1,022 56 75 51 24

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 15,365 13,884 1,481 1,078 1,022 56 75 51 24

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 14,317 9,074 5,243 2,406 1,546 860 139 114 25

Communications, total ........................................................................ 13,959 8,815 5,144 2,308 1,489 819 139 114 25

Communications, general ............................................................... 2,791 1,708 1,083 770 472 298 93 73 20

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,047 723 324 54 42 12 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 8,927 5,588 3,339 1,179 788 391 15 13 2

Journalism ................................................................................... 6,360 3,488 2,872 976 633 343 12 10 2

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 2,567 2,100 467 203 155 48 3 3 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 1,194 796 398 305 187 118 31 28 3

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 358 259 99 98 57 41 0 0 0

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 358 259 99 98 57 41 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 4,304 3,664 640 2,113 1,888 225 196 181 15
122 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 18.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1972–73—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 3,278 2,770 508 1,627 1,433 194 165 154 11

Computer programming .................................................................. 14 13 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 566 492 74 144 137 7 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 234 202 32 115 102 13 17 15 2

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 97 79 18 153 146 7 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 115 108 7 74 70 4 14 12 2

Education, total ...................................................................................... 193,984 51,300 142,684 103,777 43,298 60,479 6,857 5,191 1,666

Education, general .......................................................................... 3,967 745 3,222 13,095 5,674 7,421 1,691 1,265 426

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 418 117 301 2,657 943 1,714 562 390 172

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 56 20 36 24,957 14,632 10,325 1,719 1,467 252

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 28 6 22 9,121 7,106 2,015 1,157 1,039 118

Administration of special education ............................................ 1 0 1 177 42 135 13 11 2

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 27 14 13 15,659 7,484 8,175 549 417 132

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 7 3 4 293 134 159 108 88 20

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 1 0 1 93 46 47 55 43 12

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 6 3 3 200 88 112 53 45 8

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 216 121 95 606 362 244 197 153 44

Special education, total .................................................................. 15,133 1,881 13,252 8,177 1,985 6,192 227 154 73

Special education, general .......................................................... 5,452 791 4,661 4,272 1,085 3,187 162 117 45

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 419 45 374 312 58 254 2 1 1

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 82 1 81 2 0 2 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 736 93 643 563 144 419 5 3 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 4,790 578 4,212 1,266 378 888 22 15 7

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 54 2 52 48 6 42 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 242 38 204 164 38 126 1 1 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 102 9 93 79 26 53 2 0 2

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 270 27 243 518 54 464 3 1 2

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 2,877 278 2,599 686 106 580 12 5 7

Special education, other ............................................................. 109 19 90 267 90 177 18 11 7

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 100,357 12,141 88,216 30,105 7,795 22,310 957 656 301

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 18 8 10 348 180 168 80 65 15

Elementary education ................................................................. 89,322 9,371 79,951 21,125 3,709 17,416 257 110 147

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 615 197 418 92 39 53 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,832 166 4,666 1,120 34 1,086 21 4 17

Secondary education .................................................................. 5,567 2,398 3,169 6,905 3,486 3,419 280 216 64

General teacher education, other ............................................... 3 1 2 515 347 168 319 261 58

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 70,140 35,049 35,091 19,338 9,608 9,730 1,015 733 282

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,200 1,168 32 440 428 12 34 34 0

Art education ............................................................................... 6,215 1,613 4,602 1,103 357 746 36 27 9

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 7,933 2,248 5,685 2,075 870 1,205 94 66 28

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 73 67 6 137 134 3 1 1 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 1,299 599 700 580 291 289 61 42 19

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 5,919 41 5,878 616 8 608 27 0 27

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 8,543 8,315 228 2,331 2,137 194 164 155 9

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 2,489 1,136 1,353 733 409 324 52 41 11

Music education .......................................................................... 7,438 3,202 4,236 1,483 819 664 95 73 22

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 26,947 16,027 10,920 4,441 3,072 1,369 259 181 78

Reading education ...................................................................... 83 1 82 4,249 455 3,794 75 38 37

Science education ....................................................................... 1,179 615 564 910 623 287 89 75 14

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 822 17 805 240 5 235 28 0 28

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 19 8 11 323 106 217 4 3 1

Education, other .............................................................................. 3,671 1,215 2,456 4,226 2,059 2,167 377 282 95

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 51,265 50,652 613 16,619 16,341 278 3,492 3,438 54

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 46,411 45,850 561 16,497 16,221 276 3,473 3,419 54

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,628 2,591 37 817 794 23 254 250 4

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 1,738 1,720 18 563 561 2 171 170 1

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 493 490 3 171 168 3 70 68 2

Architectural engineering 324 320 4 39 39 0 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 86 85 1 114 104 10 54 53 1
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 123

Table 18.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1972–73—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 202 195 7 53 53 0 20 19 1

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,578 3,494 84 1,051 1,030 21 397 395 2

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 7,390 7,318 72 2,627 2,589 38 397 388 9

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 12,313 12,155 158 3,895 3,846 49 791 782 9

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 211 209 2 254 251 3 127 125 2

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 277 274 3 57 56 1 9 8 1

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 187 180 7 527 505 22 41 38 3

Geological engineering ................................................................... 123 117 6 41 41 0 4 4 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 24 23 1 6 6 0 10 10 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,458 3,430 28 1,595 1,566 29 130 127 3

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 105 103 2 215 208 7 116 114 2

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 8,523 8,462 61 2,141 2,122 19 370 367 3

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 558 552 6 279 275 4 125 121 4

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 201 199 2 53 52 1 22 22 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 288 287 1 72 72 0 6 6 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 328 326 2 399 393 6 111 110 1

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 88 88 0 112 111 1 10 10 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 332 328 4 88 87 1 18 18 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 34 33 1 18 17 1 0 0 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 2,922 2,871 51 1,310 1,275 35 220 214 6

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 4,854 4,802 52 122 120 2 19 19 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 4,854 4,802 52 122 120 2 19 19 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 61,003 22,156 38,847 10,239 4,063 6,176 1,935 1,258 677

English language and literature, general ........................................ 51,614 18,129 33,485 7,605 2,899 4,706 1,450 929 521

Comparative literature .................................................................... 396 134 262 204 75 129 118 69 49

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 114 70 44 225 161 64 5 3 2

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 7,450 3,239 4,211 1,867 771 1,096 309 226 83

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,429 584 845 338 157 181 53 31 22

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 19,760 4,971 14,789 4,858 1,828 3,030 1,226 757 469

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 836 292 544 829 364 465 344 231 113

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 394 140 254 377 140 237 167 105 62

Linguistics .................................................................................... 442 152 290 452 224 228 177 126 51

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 188 79 109 45 28 17 15 12 3

Chinese ....................................................................................... 98 50 48 29 21 8 13 11 2

Japanese ..................................................................................... 90 29 61 16 7 9 2 1 1

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 699 311 388 237 120 117 76 43 33

Russian ....................................................................................... 622 285 337 120 60 60 27 10 17

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 77 26 51 117 60 57 49 33 16

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 2,549 878 1,671 608 282 326 180 107 73

German ....................................................................................... 2,520 867 1,653 598 277 321 176 106 70

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 29 11 18 10 5 5 4 1 3

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 8 4 4 6 4 2 7 6 1

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 14,227 2,850 11,377 2,653 785 1,868 436 238 198

French ......................................................................................... 6,705 1,035 5,670 1,277 317 960 203 87 116

Italian ........................................................................................... 313 102 211 78 25 53 27 17 10

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 7,209 1,713 5,496 1,298 443 855 206 134 72

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 167 85 82 66 48 18 8 8 0

Arabic .......................................................................................... 12 9 3 3 1 2 1 1 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 155 76 79 63 47 16 7 7 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
124 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 18.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1972–73—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 725 364 361 188 101 87 75 50 25

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 354 211 143 117 68 49 58 39 19

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 97 63 34 25 16 9 10 7 3

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 274 90 184 46 17 29 7 4 3

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 361 108 253 226 96 130 85 62 23

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 33,564 7,754 25,810 8,362 3,567 4,795 646 485 161

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 2,574 315 2,259 1,404 237 1,167 69 46 23

Community health liason ................................................................ 184 118 66 1,563 857 706 84 60 24

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 6 6 0 411 404 7 6 6 0

Dental services ............................................................................... 830 17 813 25 0 25 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 359 122 237 725 649 76 12 10 2

Health care and services administration ..................................... 121 105 16 725 649 76 12 10 2

Medical records administration ................................................... 238 17 221 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 3,828 744 3,084 117 39 78 3 3 0

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 3,828 744 3,084 117 39 78 3 3 0

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 29 26 3 157 124 33 21 17 4

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 41 10 31 483 263 220 3 2 1

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 41 10 31 483 263 220 3 2 1

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 15,407 460 14,947 2,079 109 1,970 17 4 13

Optometry ....................................................................................... 253 235 18 2 2 0 2 2 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 4,964 3,771 1,193 167 131 36 296 221 75

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 2,680 435 2,245 153 39 114 0 0 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 974 64 910 75 12 63 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 1,706 371 1,335 78 27 51 0 0 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 3 3 0 91 88 3 34 31 3

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 2,406 1,492 914 985 625 360 99 83 16

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 13,533 503 13,030 1,679 156 1,523 165 40 125

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 12,786 363 12,423 1,573 141 1,432 159 39 120

Home economics, general .............................................................. 5,513 83 5,430 682 43 639 49 2 47

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 2,635 145 2,490 365 60 305 67 28 39

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 1,438 51 1,387 317 25 292 33 9 24

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,026 27 1,999 133 7 126 7 0 7

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,174 57 1,117 76 6 70 3 0 3

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 747 140 607 106 15 91 6 1 5

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 398 8 390 81 9 72 6 1 5

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 349 132 217 25 6 19 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 474 434 40 1,048 977 71 37 36 1

Law, general ................................................................................... 412 381 31 375 350 25 29 29 0

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 62 53 9 673 627 46 8 7 1

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 10,702 7,020 3,682 1,425 550 875 29 21 8
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 125

Table 18.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1972–73—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 10,702 7020 3682 1,425 550 875 29 21 8

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 8,201 5,659 2,542 1,210 471 739 8 5 3

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 2,501 1,361 1,140 215 79 136 21 16 5

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 1,159 87 1,072 7,696 1,676 6,020 102 60 42

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 1,079 81 998 7,509 1,601 5,908 91 52 39

Library science, other ..................................................................... 80 6 74 187 75 112 11 8 3

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 23,186 13,910 9,276 5,397 3,878 1,519 1,089 987 102

Mathematics .................................................................................... 22,307 13,275 9,032 4,271 2,941 1,330 842 765 77

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 471 376 95 545 497 48 62 58 4

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 352 262 90 176 144 32 41 37 4

Operations research .................................................................... 119 114 5 369 353 16 21 21 0

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 220 139 81 430 334 96 172 153 19

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 188 120 68 151 106 45 13 11 2

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 9,590 6,513 3,077 1,121 834 287 170 144 26

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,923 2,290 633 395 285 110 18 16 2

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 6,667 4,223 2,444 726 549 177 152 128 24

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 2,724 1,701 1,023 391 260 131 14 10 4

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,724 1,701 1,023 391 260 131 14 10 4

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 9,142 6,706 2,436 1,218 840 378 580 499 81

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 5,918 4,569 1,349 629 501 128 409 344 65

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 3,224 2,137 1,087 589 339 250 171 155 16

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 20,696 17,626 3,070 6,257 5,414 843 4,006 3,738 268

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 20,696 17,626 3,070 6,257 5,414 843 4,006 3,738 268

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 1,040 848 192 251 208 43 57 57 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 110 87 23 89 78 11 90 84 6

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 33 30 3 3 2 1 7 6 1

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 251 242 9 174 165 9 42 41 1

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 10,128 8,208 1,920 2,225 1,761 464 1,872 1,694 178

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 10,099 8,188 1,911 2,130 1,679 451 1,686 1,533 153

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 17 16 1 21 21 0

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 15 11 4 13 10 3 18 16 2

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 5 1 4 21 17 4 63 54 9

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 4 4 0 27 26 1 45 40 5

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 5 4 1 17 13 4 39 30 9

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 2,923 2,535 388 827 742 85 305 293 12

Geology ....................................................................................... 2,842 2,463 379 771 688 83 270 258 12

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 12 10 2 10 9 1 9 9 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 69 62 7 46 45 1 26 26 0

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,344 1,189 155 585 488 97 169 156 13

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 20 20 0 35 33 2 18 18 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 292 273 19 154 141 13 89 81 8

Earth science .............................................................................. 900 785 115 310 241 69 34 30 4

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 132 111 21 86 73 13 28 27 1

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,259 3,949 310 1,747 1,634 113 1,338 1,287 51

Physics, general .......................................................................... 4,123 3,827 296 1,735 1,628 107 1,303 1,256 47

Physics, other .............................................................................. 136 122 14 12 6 6 35 31 4

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 608 538 70 356 336 20 126 120 6

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 4,381 3,790 591 342 276 66 3 3 0

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 4,381 3,790 591 342 276 66 3 3 0

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 4,381 3,790 591 342 276 66 3 3 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 47,940 25,117 22,823 7,619 4,325 3,294 2,550 1,797 753

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 46,542 24,450 22,092 4,137 2,518 1,619 1,577 1,154 423

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 13 4 9 395 237 158 205 133 72

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 85 38 47 423 221 202 56 37 19

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 26 0 26 63 27 36 15 6 9

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 82 50 32 85 57 28 60 43 17

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 22 20 2 26 21 5 9 9 0
126 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 18.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1972–73—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 13 8 5 5 1 4 12 7 5

Social psychology ........................................................................... 151 74 77 36 23 13 58 41 17

School psychology .......................................................................... 245 141 104 1,788 830 958 461 313 148

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 761 332 429 661 390 271 97 54 43

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 10,690 3,998 6,692 10,068 5,271 4,797 198 160 38

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 499 228 271 73 50 23 4 1 3

Public administration ....................................................................... 601 550 51 2,448 2,153 295 67 62 5

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 8,021 2,116 5,905 6,808 2,525 4,283 111 82 29

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 1,569 1,104 465 739 543 196 16 15 1

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 81 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 59 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 22 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 155,970 99,735 56,235 17,477 12,605 4,872 4,234 3,573 661

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 18,033 10,067 7,966 1,878 1,286 592 63 58 5

Anthropology ................................................................................... 5,608 2,563 3,045 807 459 348 361 246 115

Archeology ...................................................................................... 117 34 83 15 7 8 12 8 4

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,307 1,059 248 119 100 19 8 7 1

Demography and population studies .............................................. 2 2 0 19 15 4 3 3 0

Economics ...................................................................................... 14,770 12,735 2,035 2,225 1,945 280 845 793 52

Geography, total ............................................................................. 4,201 3276 925 809 667 142 227 211 16

Geography ................................................................................... 4,201 3,276 925 809 667 142 227 211 16

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 40,943 26,987 13,956 5,030 3,447 1,583 1,140 977 163

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,097 785 312 1,053 833 220 79 65 14

Political science and government, general ..................................... 30,100 24,219 5,881 2,398 1,918 480 747 652 95

Sociology ........................................................................................ 35,436 15,580 19,856 1,923 1,146 777 583 429 154

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 891 542 349 670 440 230 7 5 2

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 3,465 1,886 1,579 531 342 189 159 119 40

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 3,534 2,621 913 2,778 2,036 742 666 644 22

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 14 14 0 6 6 0 3 3 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,016 497 519 1,053 520 533 42 40 2

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 113 66 47 120 88 32 7 6 1

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 1,676 1,469 207 1,347 1,213 134 546 529 17

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 715 575 140 252 209 43 68 66 2

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 739 720 19 159 157 2 9 8 1

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 172 172 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 567 548 19 159 157 2 9 8 1

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 36,017 14,267 21,750 7,254 4,005 3,249 616 449 167

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 4,281 1,555 2,726 686 357 329 53 30 23

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 431 56 375 104 14 90 1 0 1

Design and applied art ................................................................... 1,994 754 1,240 173 118 55 0 0 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 4,745 1,985 2,760 979 580 399 92 70 22

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 664 552 112 129 105 24 0 0 0

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 224 196 28 82 64 18 0 0 0

Photography ................................................................................ 440 356 84 47 41 6 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 15,311 5,425 9,886 2,176 1,194 982 79 45 34

Art, general .................................................................................. 13,156 4,988 8,168 1,793 1,087 706 12 9 3

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 2,155 437 1,718 383 107 276 67 36 31

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 6,749 3,067 3,682 2,652 1,429 1,223 366 287 79

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 166 91 75 94 43 51 53 39 14

Music, general performance ....................................................... 3,585 1,658 1,927 1,866 1,000 866 245 194 51

Music theory and composition .................................................... 2,998 1,318 1,680 692 386 306 68 54 14

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 1,842 873 969 355 208 147 25 17 8

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1972–73’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 127

Table 19.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1973–74

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 945,776 527,313 418,463 277,033 157,842 119,191 33,816 27,365 6,451

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 16,253 14,684 1,569 2,928 2,640 288 930 897 33

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 6,565 6,130 435 1,263 1,155 108 411 401 10

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,885 4,687 198 943 894 49 337 329 8

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,813 1,690 123 220 204 16 3 2 1

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,700 1,666 34 296 288 8 159 157 2

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,172 1,136 36 413 390 23 165 161 4

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 200 195 5 14 12 2 10 9 1

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 885 728 157 187 143 44 47 46 1

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 795 715 80 133 118 15 27 26 1

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 4,371 3,684 687 794 685 109 345 325 20

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,427 2,919 508 467 421 46 166 161 5

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,111 2,621 490 366 328 38 129 124 5

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 239 227 12 55 51 4 27 27 0

Poultry science ............................................................................ 77 71 6 46 42 4 10 10 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 402 270 132 197 147 50 88 74 14

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 163 160 3 43 40 3 19 19 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 163 160 3 43 40 3 19 19 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 379 335 44 87 77 10 72 71 1

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 5,317 4,870 447 871 800 71 174 171 3

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 1,519 1,292 227 160 139 21 26 25 1

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 117 111 6 8 8 0 12 12 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,337 2,230 107 408 373 35 78 76 2

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,344 1,237 107 295 280 15 58 58 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 7,822 6,665 1,157 2,702 2,208 494 69 65 4

Architecture ..................................................................................... 4,513 4,215 298 929 835 94 16 15 1

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 1,284 967 317 75 49 26 1 1 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 489 110 379 15 5 10 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 601 530 71 170 136 34 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 436 358 78 1,447 1,134 313 52 49 3

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 499 485 14 66 49 17 0 0 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,721 1,711 2,010 1,160 709 451 165 117 48

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,939 1,332 1,607 881 512 369 128 88 40

African studies ............................................................................. 17 12 5 56 26 30 9 7 2

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,844 841 1,003 326 166 160 80 49 31

Latin American studies ................................................................ 280 114 166 136 82 54 7 6 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 52 21 31 21 13 8 5 5 0

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 150 62 88 74 45 29 8 6 2

Asian studies ............................................................................... 455 224 231 245 165 80 19 15 4

European studies ........................................................................ 140 57 83 22 14 8 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 523 247 276 31 15 16 3 0 3

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 392 174 218 19 9 10 3 0 3

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 111 65 46 12 6 6 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 20 8 12 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 259 132 127 248 182 66 34 29 5

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 48,340 33,245 15,095 6,552 4,555 1,997 3,439 2,740 699

Biology, general .............................................................................. 36,188 24,661 11,527 3,186 2,222 964 657 496 161

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,175 908 267 292 214 78 534 421 113

Botany, total .................................................................................... 916 579 337 429 305 124 308 267 41

Botany, general ........................................................................... 863 537 326 323 217 106 182 150 32

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 29 25 4 90 75 15 82 75 7

Botany, other ............................................................................... 24 17 7 16 13 3 44 42 2

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 135 89 46 30 19 11 66 45 21

Cell biology .................................................................................. 43 24 19 5 2 3 9 8 1
128 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 19.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1973–74—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 92 65 27 25 17 8 57 37 20

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,311 1,305 1,006 505 296 209 384 282 102

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 644 432 212 680 413 267 410 328 82

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 2 2 0 93 70 23 115 91 24

Ecology ........................................................................................ 298 211 87 130 97 33 29 25 4

Marine biology ............................................................................. 161 133 28 99 79 20 25 21 4

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 20 12 8 3 2 1 16 14 2

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 96 28 68 144 43 101 81 56 25

Toxicology ................................................................................... 8 5 3 18 11 7 8 7 1

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 46 32 14 97 44 53 93 77 16

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 13 9 4 71 44 27 27 23 4

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 0 0 0 25 23 2 16 14 2

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 6,192 4,754 1,438 1,250 960 290 919 776 143

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 5,718 4,371 1,347 683 499 184 278 224 54

Entomology ................................................................................. 203 182 21 198 172 26 172 162 10

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 63 50 13 66 50 16 89 80 9

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 1 1 0 93 73 20 153 123 30

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 207 150 57 210 166 44 227 187 40

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 779 517 262 180 126 54 161 125 36

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 131,640 114,729 16,911 32,172 30,044 2,128 919 870 49

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 116,807 101,888 14,919 30,848 28,824 2,024 860 815 45

Business, general ........................................................................... 32,662 28,381 4,281 8,778 8,234 544 176 167 9

Business administration and management, total ........................... 36,599 33,020 3,579 14,935 14,027 908 445 424 21

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 36,599 33,020 3,579 14,935 14,027 908 445 424 21

Accounting ...................................................................................... 29,341 25,313 4,028 1,798 1,610 188 70 66 4

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,756 48 1,708 29 14 15 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,458 2,226 232 263 230 33 69 65 4

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 6,919 6,538 381 2,342 2,213 129 40 39 1

Finance, general ......................................................................... 6,477 6,123 354 2,250 2,122 128 34 33 1

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 441 414 27 48 47 1 6 6 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 1 1 0 44 44 0 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 1,188 1,043 145 64 62 2 1 1 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 2,339 2,089 250 746 668 78 24 20 4

Human resources management .................................................. 1,122 961 161 367 325 42 5 5 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,217 1,128 89 379 343 36 19 15 4

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 273 245 28 870 807 63 4 4 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 126 109 17 67 55 12 11 10 1

Business statistics ....................................................................... 126 109 17 67 55 12 11 10 1

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 769 724 45 76 71 5 4 4 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 2,377 2,152 225 880 833 47 16 15 1

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 14,833 12,841 1,992 1,324 1,220 104 59 55 4

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 14,833 12,841 1,992 1,324 1,220 104 59 55 4

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 17,096 10,536 6,560 2,640 1,668 972 175 146 29

Communications, total ........................................................................ 16,250 9,952 6,298 2,503 1,582 921 168 139 29

Communications, general ............................................................... 4,711 2,816 1,895 940 574 366 85 64 21

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,031 663 368 49 39 10 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 9,893 6,134 3,759 1,246 805 441 21 21 0

Journalism ................................................................................... 6,710 3,641 3,069 998 619 379 20 20 0

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 3,183 2,493 690 248 186 62 1 1 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 615 339 276 268 164 104 62 54 8

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 846 584 262 137 86 51 7 7 0

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 846 584 262 137 86 51 7 7 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 4,756 3,976 780 2,276 1,983 293 198 189 9
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 129

Table 19.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1973–74—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 3,761 3,122 639 1,801 1,532 269 178 170 8

Computer programming .................................................................. 15 15 0 8 7 1 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 539 468 71 113 108 5 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 338 285 53 198 186 12 13 13 0

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 54 47 7 124 122 2 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 49 39 10 32 28 4 7 6 1

Education, total ...................................................................................... 184,907 48,997 135,910 110,402 44,112 66,290 6,757 4,974 1,783

Education, general .......................................................................... 3,678 681 2,997 13,413 5,239 8,174 1,754 1,258 496

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 390 93 297 2,979 1,050 1,929 568 365 203

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 56 10 46 27,531 15,815 11,716 1,821 1,501 320

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 5 1 4 10,087 7,610 2,477 1,162 1,029 133

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 174 67 107 27 12 15

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 51 9 42 17,270 8,138 9,132 632 460 172

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 4 0 4 188 84 104 81 58 23

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 4 0 4 82 46 36 50 35 15

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 0 0 0 106 38 68 31 23 8

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 190 97 93 644 351 293 174 131 43

Special education, total .................................................................. 18,080 2,201 15,879 9,939 2,303 7,636 240 165 75

Special education, general .......................................................... 6,692 841 5,851 5,249 1,272 3,977 159 112 47

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 476 37 439 287 53 234 6 4 2

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 12 0 12 13 1 12 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 915 131 784 634 194 440 18 14 4

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 5,517 656 4,861 1,443 401 1,042 28 15 13

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 173 20 153 101 12 89 1 0 1

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 266 58 208 202 39 163 6 4 2

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 143 15 128 129 54 75 4 4 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 424 73 351 835 108 727 2 1 1

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 3,286 347 2,939 809 126 683 8 5 3

Special education, other ............................................................. 176 23 153 237 43 194 8 6 2

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 92,934 12,212 80,722 32,075 8,267 23,808 885 612 273

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 53 16 37 579 300 279 117 93 24

Elementary education ................................................................. 80,220 9,575 70,645 22,022 3,850 18,172 230 117 113

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 471 173 298 138 68 70 2 1 1

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 6,982 199 6,783 1,542 68 1,474 24 6 18

Secondary education .................................................................. 5,199 2,247 2,952 7,235 3,629 3,606 202 152 50

General teacher education, other ............................................... 9 2 7 559 352 207 310 243 67

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 68,544 33,398 35,146 20,461 9,596 10,865 1,067 757 310

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,106 1,085 21 471 433 38 27 27 0

Art education ............................................................................... 5,916 1,519 4,397 1,036 308 728 49 31 18

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 7,042 1,670 5,372 1,911 676 1,235 70 46 24

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 71 64 7 127 120 7 0 0 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 1,519 646 873 715 346 369 47 36 11

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 5,586 23 5,563 603 7 596 20 3 17

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 8,005 7,658 347 2,613 2,285 328 205 182 23

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 2,037 921 1,116 828 447 381 59 42 17

Music education .......................................................................... 7,727 3,242 4,485 1,472 754 718 87 70 17

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 27,723 15,979 11,744 4,689 3,088 1,601 290 203 87

Reading education ...................................................................... 155 7 148 4,948 519 4,429 101 47 54

Science education ....................................................................... 941 542 399 904 604 300 83 69 14

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 716 42 674 144 9 135 29 1 28

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 44 19 25 358 120 238 0 0 0

Education, other .............................................................................. 987 286 701 2,814 1,287 1,527 167 127 40

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 50,286 49,490 796 15,379 15,023 356 3,312 3,257 55

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 42,840 42,149 691 15,170 14,823 347 3,308 3,253 55

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 3,087 3,010 77 907 872 35 260 255 5

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 1,210 1,192 18 557 548 9 173 170 3

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 522 518 4 151 147 4 45 45 0

Architectural engineering 306 300 6 24 22 2 3 3 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 152 148 4 142 137 5 43 42 1
130 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 19.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1973–74—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 191 175 16 68 67 1 19 19 0

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,399 3,285 114 1,044 1,013 31 400 390 10

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 8,017 7,889 128 2,652 2,603 49 368 364 4

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 11,316 11,199 117 3,499 3,444 55 705 697 8

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 146 143 3 214 208 6 157 156 1

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 281 271 10 116 115 1 21 21 0

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 182 172 10 570 538 32 59 56 3

Geological engineering ................................................................... 127 121 6 34 33 1 14 14 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 37 35 2 13 10 3 7 7 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 2,870 2,827 43 1,734 1,689 45 146 144 2

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 161 156 5 208 202 6 94 94 0

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 7,677 7,615 62 1,843 1,822 21 385 379 6

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 458 448 10 216 210 6 119 116 3

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 279 277 2 64 63 1 7 7 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 379 376 3 55 54 1 3 3 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 309 299 10 400 392 8 106 105 1

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 136 131 5 80 78 2 36 36 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 372 369 3 66 66 0 25 24 1

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 52 49 3 22 22 0 3 3 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,174 1,144 30 491 468 23 110 103 7

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 7,446 7,341 105 209 200 9 4 4 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 7,446 7,341 105 209 200 9 4 4 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 54,590 20,214 34,376 9,803 3,917 5,886 1,885 1,208 677

English language and literature, general ........................................ 46,332 16,650 29,682 7,332 2,870 4,462 1,439 910 529

Comparative literature .................................................................... 400 132 268 230 93 137 130 66 64

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 161 79 82 218 157 61 1 1 0

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 7,271 3,187 4,084 1,689 685 1,004 281 209 72

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 426 166 260 334 112 222 34 22 12

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 19,719 4,874 14,845 4,545 1,623 2,922 1,114 633 481

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,277 338 939 951 393 558 343 198 145

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 848 223 625 496 186 310 198 114 84

Linguistics .................................................................................... 429 115 314 455 207 248 145 84 61

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 263 102 161 45 24 21 7 5 2

Chinese ....................................................................................... 121 53 68 37 21 16 5 3 2

Japanese ..................................................................................... 142 49 93 8 3 5 2 2 0

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 701 292 409 153 61 92 68 44 24

Russian ....................................................................................... 624 264 360 100 40 60 27 16 11

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 77 28 49 53 21 32 41 28 13

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 2,458 835 1,623 557 230 327 151 85 66

German ....................................................................................... 2,425 828 1,597 550 227 323 149 83 66

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 33 7 26 7 3 4 2 2 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 5 3 2 2 0 2 1 0 1

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 13,805 2,745 11,060 2,493 717 1,776 435 225 210

French ......................................................................................... 6,263 978 5,285 1,195 288 907 213 83 130

Italian ........................................................................................... 292 77 215 81 26 55 19 11 8

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 7,250 1,690 5,560 1,217 403 814 203 131 72

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 172 76 96 47 34 13 15 14 1

Arabic .......................................................................................... 20 8 12 5 4 1 1 1 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 152 68 84 42 30 12 14 13 1

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 131

Table 19.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1973–74—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 883 405 478 215 110 105 64 40 24

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 450 230 220 126 72 54 46 29 17

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 122 68 54 26 15 11 12 8 4

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 311 107 204 63 23 40 6 3 3

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 155 78 77 82 54 28 30 22 8

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 41,459 9,388 32,071 9,599 3,819 5,780 578 447 131

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,278 344 2,934 1,957 292 1,665 78 50 28

Community health liason ................................................................ 273 184 89 1,736 931 805 113 81 32

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 46 46 0 410 404 6 1 1 0

Dental services ............................................................................... 889 21 868 18 0 18 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 605 174 431 977 775 202 21 17 4

Health care and services administration ..................................... 185 153 32 976 775 201 21 17 4

Medical records administration ................................................... 420 21 399 1 0 1 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 4,956 1,085 3,871 179 100 79 6 4 2

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 4,956 1,085 3,871 179 100 79 6 4 2

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 22 19 3 105 82 23 33 27 6

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 65 23 42 509 286 223 10 8 2

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 65 23 42 509 286 223 10 8 2

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 19,285 750 18,535 2,274 64 2,210 14 0 14

Optometry ....................................................................................... 309 287 22 8 7 1 7 7 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 5,613 4,160 1,453 240 196 44 132 116 16

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 3,107 512 2,595 284 100 184 0 0 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,252 114 1,138 173 66 107 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 1,855 398 1,457 111 34 77 0 0 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 104 69 35 110 95 15 46 44 2

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 2,907 1,714 1,193 792 487 305 117 92 25

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 15,336 553 14,783 1,858 164 1,694 136 46 90

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 14,469 439 14,030 1,727 151 1,576 135 46 89

Home economics, general .............................................................. 5,995 106 5,889 726 23 703 21 3 18

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 3,280 189 3,091 412 89 323 47 26 21

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 1,906 76 1,830 396 29 367 51 17 34

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,235 26 2,209 125 2 123 15 0 15

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,053 42 1,011 68 8 60 1 0 1

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 867 114 753 131 13 118 1 0 1

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 511 18 493 100 8 92 1 0 1

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 356 96 260 31 5 26 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 494 442 52 1,181 1,097 84 27 26 1

Law, general ................................................................................... 450 409 41 687 625 62 27 26 1

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 44 33 11 494 472 22 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 13,161 7,661 5,500 2,291 1,042 1,249 90 59 31
132 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 19.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1973–74—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 13,161 7661 5500 2,291 1042 1249 90 59 31

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 9,739 5,952 3,787 1,593 673 920 20 17 3

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 3,422 1,709 1,713 698 369 329 70 42 28

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 1,164 86 1,078 8,134 1,803 6,331 60 36 24

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 1,071 78 993 7,913 1,723 6,190 56 35 21

Library science, other ..................................................................... 93 8 85 221 80 141 4 1 3

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 21,761 12,912 8,849 5,306 3,784 1,522 1,093 992 101

Mathematics .................................................................................... 20,759 12,155 8,604 4,190 2,839 1,351 819 733 86

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 645 519 126 627 574 53 114 109 5

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 519 398 121 155 127 28 52 48 4

Operations research .................................................................... 126 121 5 472 447 25 62 61 1

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 257 163 94 453 345 108 147 137 10

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 100 75 25 36 26 10 13 13 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 11,380 7,836 3,544 1,146 822 324 106 86 20

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 4,168 3,275 893 500 370 130 15 12 3

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 7,212 4,561 2,651 646 452 194 91 74 17

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 3,705 2,246 1,459 440 317 123 25 22 3

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 3,705 2,246 1,459 440 317 123 25 22 3

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 9,444 6,756 2,688 1,384 964 420 557 468 89

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 5,791 4,383 1,408 663 544 119 413 346 67

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 3,653 2,373 1,280 721 420 301 144 122 22

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 21,178 17,674 3,504 6,062 5,186 876 3,626 3,373 253

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 21,178 17,674 3,504 6,062 5,186 876 3,626 3,373 253

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 1,075 862 213 263 214 49 36 34 2

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 152 119 33 82 71 11 77 71 6

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 27 25 2 7 6 1 6 6 0

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 294 279 15 195 188 7 54 52 2

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 10,438 8,353 2,085 2,125 1,661 464 1,823 1,650 173

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 10,348 8,278 2,070 2,008 1,570 438 1,630 1,480 150

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 2 1 1 4 4 0

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 3 2 1 13 12 1

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 76 64 12 48 44 4 65 59 6

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 8 5 3 43 29 14 68 61 7

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 6 6 0 21 15 6 43 34 9

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 3,253 2,720 533 938 839 99 315 305 10

Geology ....................................................................................... 3,148 2,628 520 870 780 90 258 248 10

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 21 15 6 12 9 3 10 10 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 84 77 7 56 50 6 47 47 0

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,578 1,311 267 661 559 102 151 143 8

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 11 10 1 29 29 0 14 14 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 237 223 14 194 183 11 70 65 5

Earth science .............................................................................. 1,028 825 203 343 263 80 30 27 3

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 302 253 49 95 84 11 37 37 0

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,952 3,618 334 1,655 1,520 135 1,115 1,068 47

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,926 3,600 326 1,638 1,507 131 1,100 1,053 47

Physics, other .............................................................................. 26 18 8 17 13 4 15 15 0

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 409 387 22 136 128 8 49 44 5

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 8,257 7,103 1,154 561 486 75 3 2 1

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 8,257 7,103 1,154 561 486 75 3 2 1

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 8,257 7,103 1,154 561 486 75 3 2 1

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 52,139 25,868 26,271 8,796 4,983 3,813 2,872 1,987 885

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 50,641 25,273 25,368 4,682 2,888 1,794 1,723 1,217 506

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 85 41 44 459 275 184 277 196 81

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 31 15 16 846 475 371 53 41 12

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 383 49 334 113 52 61 62 31 31

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 98 67 31 69 49 20 71 54 17

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 42 25 17 47 36 11 7 7 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 133

Table 19.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1973–74—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 16 6 10 5 1 4 7 5 2

Social psychology ........................................................................... 365 151 214 58 32 26 58 42 16

School psychology .......................................................................... 318 163 155 2,208 1,012 1,196 536 342 194

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 160 78 82 309 163 146 78 52 26

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 11,966 4,266 7,700 11,415 6,028 5,387 201 154 47

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,002 454 548 107 73 34 9 6 3

Public administration ....................................................................... 1,005 874 131 3,253 2,785 468 76 67 9

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 9,668 2,781 6,887 7,783 2,947 4,836 109 76 33

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 291 157 134 272 223 49 7 5 2

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 147 146 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 68 67 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 79 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 150,320 95,650 54,670 17,293 12,321 4,972 4,124 3,383 741

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 16,851 9,455 7,396 2,319 1,468 851 67 53 14

Anthropology ................................................................................... 5,992 2,669 3,323 885 497 388 376 259 117

Archeology ...................................................................................... 78 26 52 11 1 10 12 6 6

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,497 1,123 374 140 118 22 19 17 2

Demography and population studies .............................................. 19 11 8 37 19 18 9 6 3

Economics ...................................................................................... 14,285 12,205 2,080 2,141 1,838 303 788 713 75

Geography, total ............................................................................. 4,231 3285 946 763 618 145 217 199 18

Geography ................................................................................... 4,231 3,285 946 763 618 145 217 199 18

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 37,049 24,660 12,389 4,533 3,111 1,422 1,114 913 201

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,215 828 387 750 630 120 77 74 3

Political science and government, general ..................................... 30,744 24,594 6,150 2,448 1,992 456 766 655 111

Sociology ........................................................................................ 35,491 15,199 20,292 2,196 1,327 869 632 455 177

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 1,289 797 492 794 534 260 7 6 1

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 1,579 798 781 276 168 108 40 27 13

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 4,218 3,027 1,191 2,898 2,110 788 768 746 22

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 78 57 21 76 72 4 4 4 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,301 670 631 1,229 688 541 35 32 3

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 160 79 81 145 112 33 4 4 0

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 2,517 2,110 407 1,340 1,147 193 685 668 17

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 162 111 51 108 91 17 40 38 2

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 787 757 30 109 109 0 2 2 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 169 169 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 618 588 30 109 109 0 2 2 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 39,730 15,821 23,909 8,001 4,325 3,676 585 440 145

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 4,873 1,765 3,108 817 432 385 36 23 13

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 516 75 441 142 16 126 1 0 1

Design and applied art ................................................................... 3,003 1,177 1,826 204 116 88 1 1 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,397 2,299 3,098 1,250 670 580 74 56 18

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,001 819 182 200 153 47 2 2 0

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 338 272 66 141 103 38 2 2 0

Photography ................................................................................ 663 547 116 59 50 9 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 16,378 5,701 10,677 2,215 1,196 1,019 77 41 36

Art, general .................................................................................. 14,252 5,284 8,968 1,888 1,095 793 10 8 2

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 2,126 417 1,709 327 101 226 67 33 34

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 7,865 3,549 4,316 3,005 1,650 1,355 385 312 73

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 164 74 90 134 62 72 46 32 14

Music, general performance ....................................................... 4,436 2,045 2,391 2,271 1,255 1,016 257 216 41

Music theory and composition .................................................... 3,265 1,430 1,835 600 333 267 82 64 18

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 697 436 261 168 92 76 9 5 4

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1973–74’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
134 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 20.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1974–75

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 922,933 504,841 418,092 292,450 161,570 130,880 34,083 26,817 7,266

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 17,528 15,061 2,467 3,067 2,703 364 991 958 33

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 6,780 5,967 813 1,286 1,152 134 410 400 10

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,630 4,329 301 910 845 65 311 306 5

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,716 1,543 173 237 215 22 6 6 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,662 1,580 82 287 270 17 146 143 3

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,039 995 44 386 360 26 159 157 2

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 213 211 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 1,246 851 395 213 174 39 83 80 3

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 904 787 117 163 133 30 16 14 2

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 4,770 3,752 1,018 901 767 134 347 331 16

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,729 2,930 799 492 426 66 172 165 7

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,394 2,640 754 399 339 60 131 126 5

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 255 222 33 60 56 4 22 22 0

Poultry science ............................................................................ 80 68 12 33 31 2 19 17 2

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 481 320 161 241 181 60 76 67 9

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 203 194 9 63 62 1 7 7 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 203 194 9 63 62 1 7 7 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 357 308 49 105 98 7 92 92 0

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 5,978 5,342 636 880 784 96 234 227 7

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 1,661 1,354 307 221 197 24 54 53 1

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 143 125 18 14 14 0 10 9 1

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,634 2,484 150 393 344 49 107 103 4

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,540 1,379 161 252 229 23 63 62 1

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 8,226 6,791 1,435 2,938 2,343 595 69 58 11

Architecture ..................................................................................... 4,908 4,477 431 990 865 125 14 9 5

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 1,166 883 283 88 52 36 2 2 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 631 130 501 20 8 12 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 734 631 103 248 199 49 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 394 306 88 1,519 1,163 356 49 43 6

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 393 364 29 73 56 17 4 4 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,544 1,637 1,907 1,166 663 503 165 127 38

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,790 1,259 1,531 873 492 381 120 94 26

African studies ............................................................................. 25 14 11 40 28 12 12 10 2

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,756 789 967 316 158 158 75 56 19

Latin American studies ................................................................ 288 119 169 152 94 58 3 2 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 63 26 37 12 10 2 9 8 1

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 133 58 75 80 43 37 5 4 1

Asian studies ............................................................................... 415 196 219 247 147 100 10 9 1

European studies ........................................................................ 109 56 53 22 12 10 2 1 1

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 1 1 0 4 0 4 4 4 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 509 268 241 32 17 15 0 0 0

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 368 188 180 29 15 14 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 119 72 47 3 2 1 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 22 8 14 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 245 110 135 261 154 107 45 33 12

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 51,741 34,612 17,129 6,550 4,587 1,963 3,384 2,641 743

Biology, general .............................................................................. 38,748 25,788 12,960 3,109 2,162 947 637 457 180

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,430 1,061 369 319 233 86 516 407 109

Botany, total .................................................................................... 1,069 685 384 428 292 136 289 250 39

Botany, general ........................................................................... 952 600 352 298 186 112 174 144 30

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 63 51 12 100 82 18 91 85 6

Botany, other ............................................................................... 54 34 20 30 24 6 24 21 3

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 91 58 33 30 21 9 71 54 17

Cell biology .................................................................................. 30 20 10 10 6 4 18 15 3
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 135

Table 20.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1974–75—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 61 38 23 20 15 5 53 39 14

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,767 1,538 1,229 552 371 181 345 255 90

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 951 624 327 681 406 275 437 331 106

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 1 1 0 84 65 19 116 91 25

Ecology ........................................................................................ 331 254 77 133 93 40 41 38 3

Marine biology ............................................................................. 272 220 52 80 75 5 15 13 2

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 33 21 12 7 3 4 19 14 5

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 132 32 100 121 33 88 50 29 21

Toxicology ................................................................................... 11 7 4 8 7 1 7 6 1

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 108 57 51 123 54 69 127 93 34

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 14 6 8 86 51 35 31 24 7

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 49 26 23 39 25 14 31 23 8

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 6,116 4,507 1,609 1,216 937 279 920 760 160

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 5,603 4,106 1,497 608 463 145 284 216 68

Entomology ................................................................................. 223 186 37 230 197 33 172 162 10

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 2 1 1 83 52 31 65 59 6

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 4 0 4 94 64 30 158 130 28

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 284 214 70 201 161 40 241 193 48

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 569 351 218 215 165 50 169 127 42

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 132,731 111,144 21,587 35,758 32,732 3,026 936 897 39

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 118,817 99,569 19,248 34,511 31,592 2,919 908 871 37

Business, general ........................................................................... 31,209 26,155 5,054 8,442 7,744 698 208 204 4

Business administration and management, total ........................... 38,859 33,705 5,154 17,912 16,464 1,448 464 448 16

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 38,859 33,705 5,154 17,912 16,464 1,448 464 448 16

Accounting ...................................................................................... 31,116 25,601 5,515 2,227 1,948 279 60 56 4

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,551 46 1,505 7 0 7 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,339 2,060 279 301 264 37 69 61 8

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 7,043 6,389 654 2,567 2,384 183 35 34 1

Finance, general ......................................................................... 6,556 5,939 617 2,493 2,318 175 33 32 1

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 483 446 37 31 28 3 2 2 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 4 4 0 43 38 5 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 1,236 1,041 195 46 40 6 0 0 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 2,245 1,889 356 941 840 101 32 30 2

Human resources management .................................................. 1,139 919 220 437 407 30 3 3 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,106 970 136 504 433 71 29 27 2

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 375 323 52 940 847 93 8 8 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 95 75 20 80 65 15 8 8 0

Business statistics ....................................................................... 95 75 20 80 65 15 8 8 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 702 644 58 80 78 2 3 3 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 2,047 1,641 406 968 918 50 21 19 2

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 13,914 11,575 2,339 1,247 1,140 107 28 26 2

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 13,914 11,575 2,339 1,247 1,140 107 28 26 2

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 19,248 11,455 7,793 2,794 1,618 1,176 165 119 46

Communications, total ........................................................................ 18,156 10,706 7,450 2,644 1,554 1,090 162 118 44

Communications, general ............................................................... 6,206 3,512 2,694 1,190 674 516 120 81 39

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,162 739 423 67 42 25 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 10,418 6,267 4,151 1,209 736 473 34 31 3

Journalism ................................................................................... 7,092 3,760 3,332 973 557 416 28 26 2

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 3,326 2,507 819 236 179 57 6 5 1

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 370 188 182 178 102 76 8 6 2

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,092 749 343 150 64 86 3 1 2

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 1,092 749 343 150 64 86 3 1 2

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 5,033 4,080 953 2,299 1,961 338 213 199 14
136 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 20.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1974–75—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 4,127 3,324 803 1,921 1,610 311 196 184 12

Computer programming .................................................................. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 410 337 73 114 110 4 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 308 268 40 147 130 17 17 15 2

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 138 112 26 79 74 5 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 45 34 11 38 37 1 0 0 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 166,758 44,463 122,295 117,841 44,430 73,411 6,975 4,856 2,119

Education, general .......................................................................... 3,435 875 2,560 16,275 6,179 10,096 1,682 1,139 543

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 371 88 283 3,155 1,050 2,105 599 385 214

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 180 68 112 28,003 15,715 12,288 2,017 1,593 424

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 69 32 37 11,363 8,264 3,099 1,376 1,142 234

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 213 48 165 10 7 3

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 111 36 75 16,427 7,403 9,024 631 444 187

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 0 0 0 177 77 100 79 54 25

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 0 0 0 77 42 35 47 31 16

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 0 0 0 100 35 65 32 23 9

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 109 65 44 619 327 292 172 110 62

Special education, total .................................................................. 18,292 2,130 16,162 11,396 2,360 9,036 234 128 106

Special education, general .......................................................... 7,761 996 6,765 6,135 1,370 4,765 170 94 76

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 456 30 426 373 69 304 3 1 2

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 17 0 17 3 1 2 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 780 82 698 690 190 500 3 1 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 5,033 619 4,414 1,361 328 1,033 25 15 10

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 141 12 129 117 14 103 1 1 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 214 37 177 246 37 209 4 3 1

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 125 12 113 163 32 131 1 0 1

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 603 93 510 1,248 151 1,097 5 1 4

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 3,052 244 2,808 801 116 685 15 8 7

Special education, other ............................................................. 110 5 105 259 52 207 7 4 3

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 79,917 10,770 69,147 32,565 7,712 24,853 915 601 314

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 20 8 12 613 316 297 87 64 23

Elementary education ................................................................. 68,653 8,484 60,169 22,060 3,514 18,546 191 94 97

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 381 137 244 142 66 76 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 6,290 177 6,113 1,984 89 1,895 44 10 34

Secondary education .................................................................. 4,563 1,962 2,601 7,240 3,426 3,814 185 132 53

General teacher education, other ............................................... 10 2 8 526 301 225 408 301 107

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 62,818 30,083 32,735 21,536 9,310 12,226 990 657 333

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,086 1,021 65 385 375 10 26 25 1

Art education ............................................................................... 5,183 1,263 3,920 1,043 338 705 48 28 20

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 6,194 1,387 4,807 1,958 636 1,322 86 63 23

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 104 99 5 201 193 8 5 5 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 1,852 742 1,110 1,024 493 531 46 28 18

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 5,009 10 4,999 756 12 744 19 0 19

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 7,456 7,054 402 2,629 2,199 430 211 171 40

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,938 817 1,121 760 372 388 64 50 14

Music education .......................................................................... 8,046 3,384 4,662 1,384 705 679 64 49 15

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 24,614 13,802 10,812 4,405 2,846 1,559 237 153 84

Reading education ...................................................................... 120 3 117 5,931 649 5,282 84 33 51

Science education ....................................................................... 883 497 386 820 484 336 57 52 5

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 333 4 329 240 8 232 43 0 43

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 46 10 36 391 112 279 3 0 3

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,590 374 1,216 3,724 1,588 2,136 284 189 95

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 46,852 45,838 1,014 15,348 14,973 375 3,108 3,042 66

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 39,388 38,566 822 15,127 14,756 371 3,106 3,040 66

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,893 2,788 105 1,149 1,113 36 287 278 9

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 1,174 1,150 24 477 470 7 163 161 2

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 417 413 4 135 135 0 52 50 2

Architectural engineering 283 277 6 30 30 0 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 151 144 7 161 153 8 55 52 3
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 137

Table 20.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1974–75—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 143 131 12 49 49 0 14 14 0

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,070 2,935 135 990 965 25 346 342 4

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 7,651 7,509 142 2,769 2,695 74 356 347 9

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 10,161 10,033 128 3,469 3,411 58 701 690 11

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 140 138 2 172 167 5 123 122 1

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 261 251 10 43 39 4 25 25 0

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 216 199 17 467 434 33 55 54 1

Geological engineering ................................................................... 115 110 5 44 43 1 7 7 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 33 31 2 19 18 1 11 10 1

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 2,522 2,470 52 1,687 1,631 56 119 114 5

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 157 150 7 198 189 9 97 92 5

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 6,890 6,808 82 1,858 1,843 15 340 336 4

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 393 377 16 224 217 7 99 98 1

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 308 304 4 59 59 0 15 15 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 419 417 2 69 69 0 14 14 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 361 349 12 424 415 9 93 90 3

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 210 202 8 99 99 0 28 28 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 278 272 6 88 86 2 23 22 1

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 29 28 1 14 14 0 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,113 1,080 33 433 412 21 82 78 4

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 7,464 7,272 192 221 217 4 2 2 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 7,464 7,272 192 221 217 4 2 2 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 47,619 17,880 29,739 9,444 3,569 5,875 1,711 1,025 686

English language and literature, general ........................................ 39,007 14,152 24,855 7,027 2,636 4,391 1,312 784 528

Comparative literature .................................................................... 557 191 366 266 106 160 116 51 65

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 252 126 126 209 133 76 5 3 2

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 7,032 3,082 3,950 1,716 649 1,067 247 168 79

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 771 329 442 226 45 181 31 19 12

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 18,521 4,508 14,013 4,431 1,542 2,889 1,097 608 489

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,339 344 995 1,009 395 614 342 215 127

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 905 215 690 503 168 335 176 108 68

Linguistics .................................................................................... 434 129 305 506 227 279 166 107 59

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 258 112 146 47 21 26 17 12 5

Chinese ....................................................................................... 141 75 66 26 15 11 12 8 4

Japanese ..................................................................................... 117 37 80 21 6 15 5 4 1

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 666 288 378 181 82 99 47 29 18

Russian ....................................................................................... 598 256 342 106 46 60 20 14 6

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 68 32 36 75 36 39 27 15 12

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 2,323 776 1,547 488 194 294 149 84 65

German ....................................................................................... 2,289 765 1,524 480 191 289 147 83 64

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 34 11 23 8 3 5 2 1 1

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 7 5 2 2 0 2 2 2 0

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 12,793 2,444 10,349 2,405 679 1,726 415 186 229

French ......................................................................................... 5,745 882 4,863 1,077 239 838 200 70 130

Italian ........................................................................................... 329 82 247 100 33 67 13 9 4

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 6,719 1,480 5,239 1,228 407 821 202 107 95

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 163 72 91 46 35 11 23 21 2

Arabic .......................................................................................... 13 9 4 11 10 1 2 2 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 150 63 87 35 25 10 21 19 2

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
138 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 20.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1974–75—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 802 396 406 187 91 96 78 48 30

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 481 258 223 118 57 61 74 46 28

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 113 64 49 17 11 6 2 1 1

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 208 74 134 52 23 29 2 1 1

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 170 71 99 66 45 21 24 11 13

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 49,090 10,930 38,160 10,692 4,092 6,600 618 441 177

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 20 8 12 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,732 387 3,345 2,364 363 2,001 71 41 30

Community health liason ................................................................ 370 205 165 1,927 1,017 910 127 84 43

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 96 92 4 440 426 14 1 1 0

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,038 12 1,026 33 5 28 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 822 243 579 1,033 809 224 14 14 0

Health care and services administration ..................................... 306 207 99 987 795 192 13 13 0

Medical records administration ................................................... 516 36 480 46 14 32 1 1 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 5,228 1,204 4,024 190 108 82 2 2 0

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 5,228 1,204 4,024 190 108 82 2 2 0

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 10 6 4 105 94 11 21 17 4

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 232 75 157 791 382 409 9 4 5

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 232 75 157 791 382 409 9 4 5

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 23,713 1,095 22,618 2,204 66 2,138 16 0 16

Optometry ....................................................................................... 320 255 65 8 7 1 0 0 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 6,336 4,621 1,715 285 210 75 206 160 46

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 3,462 610 2,852 273 68 205 0 0 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,385 111 1,274 140 20 120 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,077 499 1,578 133 48 85 0 0 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 36 28 8 98 85 13 37 31 6

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,695 2,097 1,598 921 444 477 114 87 27

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 16,772 680 16,092 1,901 203 1,698 156 51 105

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 15,634 490 15,144 1,762 191 1,571 150 48 102

Home economics, general .............................................................. 5,745 66 5,679 659 24 635 22 6 16

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 3,648 216 3,432 423 87 336 60 22 38

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 2,389 130 2,259 453 65 388 50 18 32

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,731 27 2,704 141 2 139 11 1 10

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,121 51 1,070 86 13 73 7 1 6

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,138 190 948 139 12 127 6 3 3

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 724 58 666 114 8 106 5 3 2

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 414 132 282 25 4 21 1 0 1

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 436 374 62 1,245 1,145 100 21 21 0

Law, general ................................................................................... 416 359 57 631 576 55 21 21 0

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ............

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 20 15 5 614 569 45 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 16,553 8,775 7,778 2,394 971 1,423 82 48 34
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 139

Table 20.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1974–75—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 16,553 8775 7778 2,394 971 1423 82 48 34

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 13,032 7,174 5,858 1,630 624 1,006 16 11 5

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 3,521 1,601 1,920 764 347 417 66 37 29

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 1,069 80 989 8,091 1,719 6,372 56 33 23

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 1,032 76 956 8,008 1,691 6,317 54 31 23

Library science, other ..................................................................... 37 4 33 83 28 55 2 2 0

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 18,460 10,853 7,607 4,816 3,358 1,458 1,048 936 112

Mathematics .................................................................................... 17,446 10,063 7,383 3,750 2,464 1,286 781 690 91

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 768 622 146 599 540 59 108 103 5

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 489 355 134 110 87 23 35 32 3

Operations research .................................................................... 279 267 12 489 453 36 73 71 2

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 213 145 68 449 340 109 158 142 16

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 33 23 10 18 14 4 1 1 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 11,664 7,592 4,072 1,174 894 280 188 148 40

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,845 2,913 932 340 243 97 36 28 8

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 7,819 4,679 3,140 834 651 183 152 120 32

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 4,518 2,567 1,951 604 413 191 14 11 3

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 4,518 2,567 1,951 604 413 191 14 11 3

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 8,997 6,396 2,601 1,402 927 475 544 470 74

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 5,330 3,990 1,340 698 554 144 375 318 57

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 3,667 2,406 1,261 704 373 331 169 152 17

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 20,778 16,992 3,786 5,807 4,969 838 3,626 3,325 301

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 20,778 16,992 3,786 5,807 4,969 838 3,626 3,325 301

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 952 778 174 285 214 71 16 13 3

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 115 95 20 110 96 14 77 67 10

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 28 20 8 3 2 1 11 11 0

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 306 285 21 183 173 10 47 45 2

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 10,549 8,210 2,339 1,986 1,580 406 1,822 1,618 204

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 10,409 8,099 2,310 1,871 1,484 387 1,660 1,477 183

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 13 10 3 15 13 2

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 24 20 4 11 8 3 16 14 2

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 103 80 23 55 51 4 54 48 6

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 8 6 2 25 20 5 49 41 8

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 5 5 0 11 7 4 28 25 3

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 3,319 2,744 575 932 816 116 292 279 13

Geology ....................................................................................... 3,243 2,676 567 878 768 110 246 235 11

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 5 4 1 7 4 3 9 9 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 71 64 7 47 44 3 37 35 2

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,506 1,242 264 580 498 82 200 190 10

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 18 18 0 29 28 1 10 10 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 253 235 18 169 157 12 95 89 6

Earth science .............................................................................. 991 779 212 214 158 56 37 35 2

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 244 210 34 168 155 13 58 56 2

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,706 3,347 359 1,574 1,450 124 1,080 1,028 52

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,645 3,294 351 1,554 1,434 120 1,063 1,011 52

Physics, other .............................................................................. 61 53 8 20 16 4 17 17 0

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 297 271 26 154 140 14 81 74 7

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 9,956 8,284 1,672 993 854 139 11 11 0

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 9,956 8,284 1,672 993 854 139 11 11 0

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 9,956 8,284 1,672 993 854 139 11 11 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 51,245 24,284 26,961 9,394 5,035 4,359 2,913 1,979 934

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 49,839 23,744 26,095 4,834 2,878 1,956 1,856 1,276 580

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 20 9 11 512 293 219 253 183 70

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 153 75 78 1,158 563 595 63 38 25

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 377 65 312 91 40 51 57 33 24

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 124 86 38 87 58 29 80 66 14

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 17 11 6 60 39 21 7 6 1
140 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 20.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1974–75—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 40 17 23 8 6 2 17 11 6

Social psychology ........................................................................... 306 133 173 121 72 49 66 45 21

School psychology .......................................................................... 257 94 163 2,328 991 1,337 471 291 180

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 112 50 62 195 95 100 43 30 13

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 13,661 4,630 9,031 13,617 7,200 6,417 257 192 65

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,175 469 706 338 233 105 10 6 4

Public administration ....................................................................... 1,471 1,178 293 4,128 3,390 738 84 74 10

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 10,351 2,671 7,680 8,763 3,311 5,452 135 87 48

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 664 312 352 388 266 122 28 25 3

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 173 173 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 92 92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 81 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 135,190 84,826 50,364 16,977 11,875 5,102 4,212 3,334 878

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 13,776 7,677 6,099 2,197 1,389 808 72 48 24

Anthropology ................................................................................... 5,609 2,405 3,204 993 520 473 386 250 136

Archeology ...................................................................................... 78 27 51 19 7 12 9 5 4

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,826 1,312 514 296 249 47 10 8 2

Demography and population studies .............................................. 41 17 24 23 15 8 3 2 1

Economics ...................................................................................... 14,046 11,629 2,417 2,127 1,802 325 815 742 73

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,950 3051 899 721 589 132 212 199 13

Geography ................................................................................... 3,950 3,051 899 721 589 132 212 199 13

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 31,470 20,756 10,714 4,226 2,874 1,352 1,117 876 241

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,047 669 378 758 569 189 83 69 14

Political science and government, general ..................................... 29,126 22,573 6,553 2,333 1,857 476 680 569 111

Sociology ........................................................................................ 31,488 13,209 18,279 2,112 1,304 808 693 484 209

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 1,441 834 607 886 515 371 16 12 4

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 1,292 667 625 286 185 101 116 70 46

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 4,809 3,490 1,319 3,228 2,230 998 872 839 33

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 25 24 1 24 24 0 7 6 1

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,350 701 649 1,314 638 676 28 22 6

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 187 100 87 130 89 41 4 4 0

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 2,770 2,293 477 1,583 1,354 229 783 765 18

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 477 372 105 177 125 52 50 42 8

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 979 914 65 117 116 1 2 2 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 167 167 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 812 747 65 117 116 1 2 2 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 40,782 15,532 25,250 8,362 4,448 3,914 649 446 203

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 5,032 1,794 3,238 779 438 341 51 24 27

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 649 55 594 156 14 142 3 0 3

Design and applied art ................................................................... 3,245 1,191 2,054 212 136 76 0 0 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,451 2,250 3,201 1,348 716 632 92 70 22

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,105 899 206 186 137 49 1 1 0

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 426 350 76 122 89 33 1 1 0

Photography ................................................................................ 679 549 130 64 48 16 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 16,162 5,281 10,881 2,479 1,250 1,229 96 43 53

Art, general .................................................................................. 14,086 4,890 9,196 2,149 1,171 978 14 5 9

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 2,076 391 1,685 330 79 251 82 38 44

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 8,663 3,871 4,792 3,104 1,715 1,389 403 305 98

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 174 67 107 112 51 61 65 51 14

Music, general performance ....................................................... 4,791 2,150 2,641 2,260 1,235 1,025 228 174 54

Music theory and composition .................................................... 3,698 1,654 2,044 732 429 303 110 80 30

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 475 191 284 98 42 56 3 3 0

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1974–75’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 141

Table 21.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1975–76

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 925,746 504,925 420,821 311,771 167,248 144,523 34,064 26,267 7,797

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 19,402 15,845 3,557 3,340 2,862 478 928 867 61

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 7,617 6,368 1,249 1,439 1,266 173 421 401 20

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 5,080 4,603 477 1,120 1,014 106 345 332 13

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,730 1,508 222 323 290 33 6 5 1

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,875 1,724 151 329 308 21 179 174 5

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,168 1,089 79 465 413 52 160 153 7

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 307 282 25 3 3 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 1,802 1,138 664 230 177 53 61 55 6

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 735 627 108 89 75 14 15 14 1

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 5,443 4,026 1,417 994 803 191 318 287 31

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 4,255 3,153 1,102 552 467 85 166 154 12

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,868 2,816 1,052 442 375 67 135 125 10

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 296 262 34 77 62 15 21 19 2

Poultry science ............................................................................ 91 75 16 33 30 3 10 10 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 580 371 209 282 188 94 81 64 17

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 174 159 15 39 37 2 18 18 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 174 159 15 39 37 2 18 18 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 434 343 91 121 111 10 53 51 2

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 6,342 5,451 891 907 793 114 189 179 10

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 2,038 1,597 441 223 178 45 38 35 3

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 167 151 16 23 20 3 5 5 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,660 2,430 230 405 361 44 92 88 4

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,477 1,273 204 256 234 22 54 51 3

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,146 7,396 1,750 3,215 2,545 670 82 69 13

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,607 5,118 489 1,318 1,130 188 18 15 3

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 1,222 932 290 76 54 22 6 5 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 786 112 674 13 3 10 1 1 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 948 788 160 217 157 60 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 449 336 113 1,564 1,179 385 51 45 6

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 134 110 24 27 22 5 6 3 3

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,577 1,612 1,965 995 543 452 188 125 63

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,816 1,265 1,551 804 446 358 150 103 47

African studies ............................................................................. 14 5 9 25 15 10 8 6 2

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,715 775 940 296 142 154 100 69 31

Latin American studies ................................................................ 302 136 166 152 85 67 6 5 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 81 34 47 23 14 9 9 7 2

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 126 60 66 47 30 17 6 4 2

Asian studies ............................................................................... 464 220 244 246 153 93 20 12 8

European studies ........................................................................ 113 34 79 8 2 6 1 0 1

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 1 1 0 7 5 2 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 498 247 251 50 26 24 6 1 5

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 396 194 202 40 19 21 6 1 5

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 89 45 44 3 2 1 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 13 8 5 7 5 2 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 263 100 163 141 71 70 32 21 11

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 54,275 35,520 18,755 6,582 4,497 2,085 3,392 2,663 729

Biology, general .............................................................................. 40,163 26,188 13,975 3,177 2,197 980 624 448 176

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,708 1,217 491 307 224 83 516 413 103

Botany, total .................................................................................... 1,178 675 503 451 313 138 305 253 52

Botany, general ........................................................................... 1,031 588 443 306 205 101 208 163 45

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 76 57 19 118 90 28 77 71 6

Botany, other ............................................................................... 71 30 41 27 18 9 20 19 1

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 252 156 96 32 23 9 96 76 20

Cell biology .................................................................................. 61 32 29 9 5 4 25 18 7
142 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 21.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1975–76—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 191 124 67 23 18 5 71 58 13

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,927 1,606 1,321 585 371 214 364 272 92

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,339 906 433 728 411 317 427 319 108

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 3 1 2 93 63 30 123 88 35

Ecology ........................................................................................ 586 449 137 149 103 46 43 36 7

Marine biology ............................................................................. 429 323 106 133 111 22 18 16 2

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 69 49 20 4 3 1 34 25 9

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 121 22 99 125 31 94 45 32 13

Toxicology ................................................................................... 9 6 3 9 8 1 7 5 2

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 109 49 60 115 43 72 121 89 32

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 13 7 6 77 33 44 26 21 5

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 0 0 0 23 16 7 10 7 3

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 6,105 4,397 1,708 1,153 862 291 909 765 144

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 5,492 3,935 1,557 528 380 148 276 234 42

Entomology ................................................................................. 272 217 55 219 181 38 143 132 11

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 13 9 4 101 70 31 101 76 25

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 15 10 5 76 55 21 163 142 21

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 313 226 87 229 176 53 226 181 45

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 603 375 228 149 96 53 151 117 34

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 142,034 113,954 28,080 42,054 37,145 4,909 900 851 49

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 127,385 102,501 24,884 40,872 36,141 4,731 857 808 49

Business, general ........................................................................... 30,138 24,083 6,055 8,413 7,427 986 129 121 8

Business administration and management, total ........................... 44,140 36,719 7,421 23,358 20,871 2,487 492 463 29

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 44,140 36,719 7,421 23,358 20,871 2,487 492 463 29

Accounting ...................................................................................... 35,806 28,161 7,645 2,730 2,252 478 55 50 5

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,538 44 1,494 1 0 1 1 1 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,576 2,219 357 342 300 42 80 77 3

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 7,678 6,751 927 2,520 2,264 256 46 45 1

Finance, general ......................................................................... 7,091 6,238 853 2,414 2,160 254 41 40 1

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 576 503 73 45 43 2 5 5 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 11 10 1 61 61 0 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 1,499 1,278 221 64 63 1 0 0 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 2,430 1,915 515 1,478 1,243 235 22 21 1

Human resources management .................................................. 1,325 990 335 715 609 106 5 5 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,105 925 180 763 634 129 17 16 1

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 269 199 70 1,198 1,007 191 8 8 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 197 149 48 149 132 17 15 14 1

Business statistics ....................................................................... 197 149 48 149 132 17 15 14 1

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 689 627 62 79 77 2 4 4 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 425 356 69 540 505 35 5 4 1

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 14,649 11,453 3,196 1,182 1,004 178 43 43 0

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 14,649 11,453 3,196 1,182 1,004 178 43 43 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 21,282 12,458 8,824 3,126 1,818 1,308 204 154 50

Communications, total ........................................................................ 20,045 11,580 8,465 2,961 1,708 1,253 196 147 49

Communications, general ............................................................... 7,571 4,265 3,306 1,549 883 666 162 118 44

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,236 719 517 88 66 22 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 11,077 6,485 4,592 1,255 719 536 33 28 5

Journalism ................................................................................... 7,711 4,016 3,695 956 514 442 15 12 3

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 3,366 2,469 897 299 205 94 18 16 2

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 161 111 50 69 40 29 1 1 0

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,237 878 359 165 110 55 8 7 1

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 1,237 878 359 165 110 55 8 7 1

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 5,652 4,534 1,118 2,603 2,226 377 244 221 23
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 143

Table 21.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1975–76—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 4,530 3,630 900 2,349 1,991 358 221 199 22

Computer programming .................................................................. 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 483 379 104 1 1 0 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 493 406 87 166 152 14 20 19 1

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 89 70 19 87 82 5 3 3 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 54 46 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 154,437 42,004 112,433 126,061 44,831 81,230 7,202 4,826 2,376

Education, general .......................................................................... 4,020 766 3,254 17,884 6,451 11,433 1,497 990 507

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 264 37 227 3,967 1,357 2,610 654 372 282

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 300 105 195 30,549 16,295 14,254 2,298 1,741 557

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 96 36 60 13,030 8,968 4,062 1,604 1,286 318

Administration of special education ............................................ 10 10 0 123 25 98 17 10 7

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 194 59 135 17,396 7,302 10,094 677 445 232

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 8 4 4 282 115 167 66 42 24

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 5 2 3 74 35 39 38 25 13

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 3 2 1 208 80 128 28 17 11

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 23 8 15 624 365 259 177 119 58

Special education, total .................................................................. 18,545 2,104 16,441 13,509 2,537 10,972 294 162 132

Special education, general .......................................................... 8,174 988 7,186 7,692 1,459 6,233 208 119 89

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 433 24 409 404 92 312 4 1 3

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 21 2 19 6 0 6 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 738 90 648 678 175 503 5 4 1

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 4,929 607 4,322 1,299 286 1,013 35 18 17

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 119 12 107 42 7 35 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 233 39 194 217 47 170 5 1 4

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 142 17 125 98 31 67 3 1 2

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 831 71 760 1,790 236 1,554 6 1 5

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 2,716 204 2,512 711 94 617 9 7 2

Special education, other ............................................................. 209 50 159 572 110 462 19 10 9

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 71,407 10,136 61,271 33,855 7,621 26,234 1,103 707 396

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 9 1 8 710 323 387 119 77 42

Elementary education ................................................................. 60,264 7,715 52,549 22,748 3,352 19,396 196 75 121

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 255 90 165 105 66 39 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 5,869 183 5,686 2,085 85 2,000 13 4 9

Secondary education .................................................................. 4,996 2,146 2,850 7,585 3,439 4,146 210 143 67

General teacher education, other ............................................... 14 1 13 622 356 266 565 408 157

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 59,307 28,546 30,761 23,206 9,299 13,907 1,044 652 392

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,063 990 73 342 326 16 37 36 1

Art education ............................................................................... 4,565 1,114 3,451 1,044 291 753 48 23 25

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 5,289 1,133 4,156 1,843 540 1,303 66 45 21

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 110 101 9 271 252 19 4 2 2

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 2,019 708 1,311 1,149 499 650 72 45 27

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 4,171 12 4,159 762 15 747 25 1 24

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 7,271 6,731 540 3,002 2,364 638 231 181 50

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,358 554 804 746 335 411 55 35 20

Music education .......................................................................... 7,908 3,188 4,720 1,382 681 701 80 55 25

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 24,181 13,541 10,640 4,761 2,924 1,837 215 155 60

Reading education ...................................................................... 227 23 204 6,840 644 6,196 117 30 87

Science education ....................................................................... 768 445 323 737 421 316 57 42 15

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 377 6 371 327 7 320 37 2 35

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 49 24 25 469 137 332 9 3 6

Education, other .............................................................................. 514 274 240 1,716 654 1,062 60 38 22

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 46,331 44,871 1,460 16,342 15,760 582 2,821 2,755 66

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 38,388 37,093 1,295 16,014 15,446 568 2,819 2,753 66

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 3,168 3,022 146 1,305 1,251 54 236 234 2

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 1,009 980 29 479 469 10 139 137 2

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 412 401 11 146 141 5 33 33 0

Architectural engineering 221 209 12 37 36 1 1 1 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 193 178 15 178 169 9 58 54 4
144 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 21.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1975–76—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 147 137 10 52 48 4 19 19 0

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,140 2,871 269 1,031 992 39 308 299 9

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 7,923 7,675 248 2,999 2,900 99 370 361 9

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 9,791 9,601 190 3,774 3,670 104 649 635 14

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 143 140 3 181 176 5 77 77 0

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 335 318 17 85 82 3 55 54 1

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 213 198 15 568 517 51 49 43 6

Geological engineering ................................................................... 112 101 11 28 28 0 3 3 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 52 49 3 3 3 0 0 0 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 2,203 2,123 80 1,751 1,670 81 121 118 3

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 190 180 10 223 209 14 118 114 4

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 6,800 6,654 146 1,907 1,880 27 305 303 2

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 351 328 23 176 166 10 72 68 4

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 331 323 8 70 68 2 18 18 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 402 401 1 102 101 1 4 4 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 418 406 12 466 447 19 131 130 1

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 157 154 3 118 116 2 12 11 1

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 340 327 13 98 96 2 20 20 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 20 20 0 13 12 1 0 0 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 317 297 20 224 199 25 21 17 4

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 7,943 7,778 165 328 314 14 2 2 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 7,943 7,778 165 328 314 14 2 2 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 42,006 16,073 25,933 8,809 3,383 5,426 1,672 967 705

English language and literature, general ........................................ 34,149 12,711 21,438 6,591 2,436 4,155 1,289 748 541

Comparative literature .................................................................... 554 175 379 210 93 117 158 72 86

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 246 124 122 280 175 105 3 1 2

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 6,380 2,760 3,620 1,614 628 986 201 131 70

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 677 303 374 114 51 63 21 15 6

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 16,484 4,067 12,417 4,190 1,459 2,731 1,076 563 513

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,397 377 1020 1,075 385 690 360 206 154

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 867 216 651 552 175 377 209 128 81

Linguistics .................................................................................... 530 161 369 523 210 313 151 78 73

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 296 95 201 31 15 16 7 6 1

Chinese ....................................................................................... 150 59 91 23 10 13 6 5 1

Japanese ..................................................................................... 146 36 110 8 5 3 1 1 0

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 642 262 380 160 75 85 49 26 23

Russian ....................................................................................... 531 224 307 81 42 39 13 8 5

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 111 38 73 79 33 46 36 18 18

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 2,010 680 1,330 475 195 280 168 82 86

German ....................................................................................... 1,983 671 1,312 471 195 276 164 80 84

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 27 9 18 4 0 4 4 2 2

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 3 1 2 6 5 1 1 0 1

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 11,109 2,186 8,923 2,079 588 1,491 385 177 208

French ......................................................................................... 4,783 728 4,055 914 212 702 190 73 117

Italian ........................................................................................... 342 107 235 85 37 48 19 15 4

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 5,984 1,351 4,633 1,080 339 741 176 89 87

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 152 55 97 56 42 14 12 10 2

Arabic .......................................................................................... 10 5 5 7 4 3 2 1 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 142 50 92 49 38 11 10 9 1

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 145

Table 21.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1975–76—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 777 363 414 207 107 100 73 43 30

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 483 242 241 136 71 65 61 35 26

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 125 65 60 29 16 13 10 7 3

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 169 56 113 42 20 22 2 1 1

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 98 48 50 101 47 54 21 13 8

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 53,958 11,456 42,502 12,556 4,217 8,339 577 411 166

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,925 343 3,582 3,119 395 2,724 109 63 46

Community health liason ................................................................ 585 300 285 2,106 1,095 1,011 165 106 59

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 80 74 6 430 406 24 3 2 1

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,150 11 1,139 24 0 24 16 0 16

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 942 305 637 1,129 854 275 11 11 0

Health care and services administration ..................................... 421 271 150 1,129 854 275 11 11 0

Medical records administration ................................................... 521 34 487 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 5,652 1,238 4,414 267 147 120 4 4 0

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 5,652 1,238 4,414 267 147 120 4 4 0

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 31 19 12 108 94 14 33 31 2

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 145 44 101 671 262 409 0 0 0

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 145 44 101 671 262 409 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 26,726 1,353 25,373 3,035 90 2,945 16 0 16

Optometry ....................................................................................... 343 285 58 13 11 2 3 3 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 6,869 4,842 2,027 307 247 60 81 73 8

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 3,513 552 2,961 333 83 250 1 1 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,453 82 1,371 166 29 137 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,060 470 1,590 167 54 113 1 1 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 0 0 0 113 89 24 41 40 1

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,997 2,090 1,907 901 444 457 92 75 17

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 17,409 720 16,689 2,179 186 1,993 178 51 127

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 16,346 560 15,786 2,028 177 1,851 160 49 111

Home economics, general .............................................................. 6,176 137 6,039 689 32 657 23 4 19

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 3,466 188 3,278 566 98 468 67 29 38

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 2,767 137 2,630 526 33 493 57 15 42

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,577 31 2,546 144 2 142 10 0 10

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,360 67 1,293 103 12 91 3 1 2

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,063 160 903 151 9 142 18 2 16

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 666 17 649 97 4 93 18 2 16

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 397 143 254 54 5 49 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 531 431 100 1,442 1,269 173 76 73 3

Law, general ................................................................................... 531 431 100 1,331 1,175 156 75 72 3

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 111 94 17 1 1 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 18,855 9,398 9,457 2,633 1,205 1,428 162 105 57
146 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 21.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1975–76—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 18,855 9398 9457 2,633 1205 1428 162 105 57

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 14,736 7,539 7,197 1,758 765 993 36 25 11

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 4,119 1,859 2,260 875 440 435 126 80 46

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 843 58 785 8,037 1,741 6,296 71 39 32

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 822 53 769 7,762 1,661 6,101 64 35 29

Library science, other ..................................................................... 21 5 16 275 80 195 7 4 3

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 16,329 9,788 6,541 4,315 2,961 1,354 909 812 97

Mathematics .................................................................................... 15,248 8,946 6,302 3,222 2,051 1,171 671 594 77

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 785 640 145 615 545 70 96 92 4

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 440 327 113 157 131 26 43 42 1

Operations research .................................................................... 345 313 32 458 414 44 53 50 3

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 248 163 85 471 360 111 141 125 16

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 48 39 9 7 5 2 1 1 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 13,588 8,500 5,088 1,158 824 334 111 80 31

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,935 2,826 1,109 318 228 90 38 32 6

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 9,653 5,674 3,979 840 596 244 73 48 25

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 5,182 2,848 2,334 571 357 214 15 13 2

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 5,182 2,848 2,334 571 357 214 15 13 2

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 8,447 5,915 2,532 1,356 911 445 554 471 83

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 4,757 3,505 1,252 689 544 145 382 319 63

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 3,690 2,410 1,280 667 367 300 172 152 20

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 21,465 17,353 4,112 5,466 4,648 818 3,431 3,132 299

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 21,465 17,353 4,112 5,466 4,648 818 3,431 3,132 299

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 1,224 967 257 283 229 54 65 57 8

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 116 101 15 81 74 7 113 106 7

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 50 48 2 8 7 1 13 12 1

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 365 329 36 197 180 17 61 60 1

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 11,022 8,550 2,472 1,783 1,406 377 1,621 1,425 196

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 10,977 8,512 2,465 1,721 1,363 358 1,498 1,322 176

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 2 2 0 7 4 3 7 7 0

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 5 4 1 1 1 0 13 11 2

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 26 24 2 6 5 1 30 27 3

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 7 4 3 38 26 12 43 35 8

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 5 4 1 10 7 3 30 23 7

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 3,358 2,752 606 1,003 873 130 313 290 23

Geology ....................................................................................... 3,259 2,668 591 935 811 124 280 259 21

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 10 9 1 6 5 1 4 4 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 89 75 14 62 57 5 29 27 2

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,502 1,192 310 512 424 88 174 159 15

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 16 16 0 24 24 0 16 16 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 240 227 13 152 135 17 81 70 11

Earth science .............................................................................. 1,073 810 263 225 171 54 42 40 2

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 173 139 34 111 94 17 35 33 2

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,544 3,156 388 1,451 1,319 132 997 952 45

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,456 3,087 369 1,421 1,296 125 968 926 42

Physics, other .............................................................................. 88 69 19 30 23 7 29 26 3

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 284 258 26 148 136 12 74 71 3

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 12,507 10,196 2,311 1,197 995 202 9 9 0

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 12,507 10,196 2,311 1,197 995 202 9 9 0

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 12,507 10,196 2,311 1,197 995 202 9 9 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 50,278 22,898 27,380 10,167 5,136 5,031 3,157 2,115 1,042

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 48,818 22,444 26,374 5,218 2,899 2,319 2,047 1,383 664

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 63 22 41 442 240 202 320 227 93

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 71 42 29 1,513 770 743 41 31 10

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 365 51 314 162 63 99 43 22 21

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 98 62 36 96 65 31 64 47 17

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 70 42 28 47 26 21 4 4 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 147

Table 21.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1975–76—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 6 2 4 4 2 2 13 11 2

Social psychology ........................................................................... 347 136 211 128 66 62 40 28 12

School psychology .......................................................................... 370 66 304 2,356 965 1,391 576 353 223

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 70 31 39 201 40 161 9 9 0

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 15,440 5,706 9,734 15,209 7,969 7,240 292 192 100

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,788 1,032 756 717 540 177 19 11 8

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,008 1,638 370 5,135 4,155 980 98 82 16

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 10,852 2,630 8,222 8,943 2,972 5,971 163 90 73

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 792 406 386 414 302 112 12 9 3

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 952 951 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 936 935 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 16 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 126,396 78,691 47,705 15,953 10,918 5,035 4,157 3,262 895

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 12,325 7,032 5,293 2,270 1,443 827 85 66 19

Anthropology ................................................................................... 5,180 2,203 2,977 937 483 454 419 264 155

Archeology ...................................................................................... 79 17 62 32 14 18 14 2 12

Criminology ..................................................................................... 2,306 1,617 689 218 163 55 18 14 4

Demography and population studies .............................................. 22 12 10 25 11 14 9 7 2

Economics ...................................................................................... 14,741 11,850 2,891 2,087 1,755 332 763 682 81

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,733 2780 953 665 489 176 168 147 21

Geography ................................................................................... 3,733 2,780 953 665 489 176 168 147 21

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 28,400 18,656 9,744 3,658 2,444 1,214 1,014 789 225

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,294 809 485 839 631 208 76 65 11

Political science and government, general ..................................... 28,302 21,147 7,155 2,191 1,718 473 723 602 121

Sociology ........................................................................................ 27,634 11,245 16,389 2,009 1,165 844 729 511 218

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 1,601 885 716 824 505 319 16 12 4

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 779 438 341 198 97 101 123 101 22

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,520 4,009 1,511 3,290 2,232 1,058 1,033 991 42

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 30 28 2 32 29 3 11 8 3

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,529 782 747 1,384 664 720 29 26 3

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 251 136 115 156 116 40 14 12 2

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 3,461 2,875 586 1,537 1,291 246 960 928 32

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 249 188 61 181 132 49 19 17 2

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,282 1,182 100 108 103 5 3 3 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 225 224 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,057 958 99 108 103 5 3 3 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 42,138 16,491 25,647 8,817 4,507 4,310 620 447 173

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 5,211 1,864 3,347 735 381 354 46 22 24

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 772 61 711 180 20 160 1 0 1

Design and applied art ................................................................... 3,350 1,187 2,163 255 136 119 1 1 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,691 2,407 3,284 1,394 714 680 112 82 30

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,294 1,023 271 276 198 78 4 3 1

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 448 350 98 161 112 49 4 3 1

Photography ................................................................................ 846 673 173 115 86 29 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 16,395 5,603 10,792 2,651 1,337 1,314 84 38 46

Art, general .................................................................................. 14,252 5,180 9,072 2,252 1,225 1,027 19 11 8

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 2,143 423 1,720 399 112 287 65 27 38

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 9,117 4,242 4,875 3,217 1,684 1,533 368 298 70

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 213 89 124 88 45 43 42 32 10

Music, general performance ....................................................... 5,077 2,491 2,586 2,315 1,191 1,124 249 214 35

Music theory and composition .................................................... 3,827 1,662 2,165 814 448 366 77 52 25

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 308 104 204 109 37 72 4 3 1

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1975–76’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
148 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 22.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1976–77

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 919,549 495,545 424,004 317,164 167,783 149,381 33,232 25,142 8,090

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 21,467 16,690 4,777 3,724 3,177 547 893 831 62

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 8,114 6,431 1,683 1,549 1,344 205 373 355 18

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 5,795 5,107 688 1,273 1,140 133 315 303 12

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,822 1,537 285 334 291 43 10 10 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 2,326 2,070 256 439 397 42 161 157 4

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,330 1,210 120 493 445 48 140 132 8

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 317 290 27 7 7 0 4 4 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 2,319 1,324 995 276 204 72 58 52 6

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 6,713 4,738 1,975 1,120 908 212 328 292 36

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 4,446 3,052 1,394 537 458 79 147 136 11

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 4,085 2,770 1,315 429 370 59 122 113 9

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 256 205 51 72 58 14 16 14 2

Poultry science ............................................................................ 105 77 28 36 30 6 9 9 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 669 391 278 281 195 86 98 75 23

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 177 151 26 85 78 7 22 21 1

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 177 151 26 85 78 7 22 21 1

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 519 396 123 122 110 12 53 52 1

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 902 748 154 95 67 28 8 8 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 6,640 5,521 1,119 1,055 925 130 192 184 8

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 2,187 1,646 541 268 218 50 36 35 1

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 176 157 19 13 13 0 8 8 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,713 2,428 285 445 402 43 84 79 5

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,564 1,290 274 329 292 37 64 62 2

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,222 7,249 1,973 3,213 2,489 724 73 62 11

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,480 4,939 541 1,383 1,160 223 19 16 3

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 1,228 912 316 64 40 24 3 2 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 885 104 781 14 6 8 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 943 756 187 221 159 62 1 1 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 528 392 136 1,453 1,073 380 47 42 5

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 158 146 12 78 51 27 3 1 2

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,450 1,536 1,914 1,052 554 498 153 104 49

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,634 1,137 1,497 853 462 391 120 79 41

African studies ............................................................................. 15 4 11 21 8 13 5 3 2

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,654 709 945 273 121 152 85 51 34

Latin American studies ................................................................ 229 92 137 145 80 65 6 6 0

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 45 20 25 52 37 15 7 7 0

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 131 60 71 86 61 25 1 1 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 460 214 246 243 137 106 10 7 3

European studies ........................................................................ 81 27 54 29 17 12 6 4 2

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 19 11 8 4 1 3 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 497 239 258 63 29 34 0 0 0

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 376 175 201 39 17 22 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 103 57 46 24 12 12 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 18 7 11 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 319 160 159 136 63 73 33 25 8

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 53,605 34,218 19,387 7,114 4,718 2,396 3,397 2,671 726

Biology, general .............................................................................. 39,530 25,072 14,458 3,322 2,183 1,139 608 454 154

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,809 1,295 514 361 242 119 550 444 106

Botany, total .................................................................................... 1,225 699 526 471 318 153 271 223 48

Botany, general ........................................................................... 1,038 582 456 319 206 113 181 148 33

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 84 59 25 133 99 34 71 60 11

Botany, other ............................................................................... 103 58 45 19 13 6 19 15 4

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 273 180 93 77 55 22 87 64 23

Cell biology .................................................................................. 59 37 22 30 16 14 39 28 11
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 149

Table 22.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1976–77—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 214 143 71 47 39 8 48 36 12

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,884 1,557 1,327 659 398 261 325 239 86

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,638 1,099 539 843 512 331 487 384 103

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 3 2 1 82 64 18 123 98 25

Ecology ........................................................................................ 690 492 198 184 134 50 63 59 4

Marine biology ............................................................................. 498 379 119 109 93 16 15 15 0

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 44 28 16 5 4 1 36 26 10

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 141 40 101 161 48 113 62 44 18

Toxicology ................................................................................... 27 20 7 21 18 3 16 14 2

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 108 59 49 143 72 71 106 78 28

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 27 16 11 102 51 51 39 29 10

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 100 63 37 36 28 8 27 21 6

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 5,608 3,952 1,656 1,168 863 305 950 767 183

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 5,012 3,500 1,512 521 364 157 284 224 60

Entomology ................................................................................. 260 215 45 227 192 35 144 125 19

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 5 3 2 91 67 24 96 82 14

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 29 21 8 92 67 25 158 122 36

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 302 213 89 237 173 64 268 214 54

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 638 364 274 213 147 66 119 96 23

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 150,765 115,353 35,412 46,006 39,400 6,606 827 775 52

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 135,022 103,692 31,330 44,617 38,300 6,317 794 745 49

Business, general ........................................................................... 30,151 23,322 6,829 9,845 8,442 1,403 99 95 4

Business administration and management, total ........................... 47,374 37,419 9,955 23,938 20,789 3,149 472 441 31

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 47,374 37,419 9,955 23,938 20,789 3,149 472 441 31

Accounting ...................................................................................... 39,183 29,241 9,942 3,278 2,642 636 53 49 4

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,502 36 1,466 8 3 5 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,194 1,795 399 330 278 52 72 66 6

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 8,758 7,384 1,374 3,235 2,793 442 37 36 1

Finance, general ......................................................................... 8,044 6,769 1,275 3,093 2,674 419 36 35 1

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 690 594 96 53 47 6 1 1 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 24 21 3 89 72 17 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 1,526 1,222 304 67 52 15 3 3 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 2,725 1,981 744 1,911 1,629 282 27 27 0

Human resources management .................................................. 1,546 1,104 442 916 788 128 7 7 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,179 877 302 995 841 154 20 20 0

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 274 185 89 1,105 889 216 6 5 1

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 193 134 59 96 75 21 12 11 1

Business statistics ....................................................................... 193 134 59 96 75 21 12 11 1

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 652 591 61 66 57 9 0 0 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 490 382 108 738 651 87 13 12 1

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 15,743 11,661 4,082 1,389 1,100 289 33 30 3

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 15,743 11,661 4,082 1,389 1,100 289 33 30 3

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 23,214 12,932 10,282 3,091 1,719 1,372 171 130 41

Communications, total ........................................................................ 21,698 11,911 9,787 2,870 1,591 1,279 162 124 38

Communications, general ............................................................... 8,728 4,706 4,022 1,483 793 690 128 96 32

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,270 662 608 144 88 56 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 11,526 6,449 5,077 1,163 657 506 34 28 6

Journalism ................................................................................... 7,674 3,768 3,906 875 467 408 19 14 5

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 3,852 2,681 1,171 288 190 98 15 14 1

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 174 94 80 80 53 27 0 0 0

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,516 1,021 495 221 128 93 9 6 3

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 1,516 1,021 495 221 128 93 9 6 3

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 6,407 4,876 1,531 2,798 2,332 466 216 197 19
150 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 22.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1976–77—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 5,229 3,997 1,232 2,580 2,140 440 195 177 18

Computer programming .................................................................. 20 14 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 465 349 116 6 5 1 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 553 418 135 149 134 15 20 19 1

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 105 78 27 60 51 9 1 1 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 35 20 15 3 2 1 0 0 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 143,234 39,867 103,367 124,267 42,308 81,959 7,338 4,832 2,506

Education, general .......................................................................... 4,388 802 3,586 17,746 5,968 11,778 1,467 938 529

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 276 49 227 4,506 1,454 3,052 710 398 312

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 370 136 234 29,786 15,533 14,253 2,304 1,702 602

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 130 60 70 12,939 8,601 4,338 1,583 1,224 359

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 100 25 75 17 11 6

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 240 76 164 16,747 6,907 9,840 704 467 237

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 0 0 0 225 88 137 91 58 33

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 0 0 0 57 27 30 52 37 15

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 0 0 0 168 61 107 39 21 18

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 21 7 14 614 302 312 196 123 73

Special education, total .................................................................. 17,260 1,794 15,466 13,941 2,473 11,468 297 168 129

Special education, general .......................................................... 8,533 966 7,567 8,249 1,479 6,770 225 139 86

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 409 23 386 320 64 256 6 4 2

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 8 0 8 13 1 12 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 678 77 601 680 167 513 4 1 3

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 3,682 414 3,268 1,151 277 874 12 7 5

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 164 19 145 8 2 6 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 225 43 182 172 37 135 2 0 2

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 165 14 151 98 33 65 1 0 1

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 778 54 724 1,793 210 1,583 23 3 20

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 2,319 169 2,150 900 87 813 13 8 5

Special education, other ............................................................. 299 15 284 557 116 441 11 6 5

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 63,338 8,811 54,527 32,640 6,944 25,696 1,115 692 423

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 21 6 15 898 395 503 102 73 29

Elementary education ................................................................. 53,036 6,584 46,452 21,795 2,915 18,880 199 72 127

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 243 87 156 119 45 74 26 18 8

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 5,416 226 5,190 1,877 80 1,797 25 3 22

Secondary education .................................................................. 4,622 1,908 2,714 7,371 3,192 4,179 194 109 85

General teacher education, other ............................................... 0 0 0 580 317 263 569 417 152

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 56,797 27,815 28,982 22,742 8,819 13,923 1,058 688 370

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,031 941 90 370 343 27 21 20 1

Art education ............................................................................... 3,962 971 2,991 1,014 290 724 49 31 18

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 4,948 1,038 3,910 1,757 532 1,225 58 42 16

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 107 85 22 242 217 25 1 1 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 2,260 777 1,483 1,157 464 693 67 41 26

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 3,437 35 3,402 668 15 653 11 0 11

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 7,635 7,008 627 2,746 2,124 622 270 208 62

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,156 491 665 663 260 403 49 33 16

Music education .......................................................................... 7,645 3,192 4,453 1,437 692 745 74 54 20

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 23,288 12,800 10,488 4,716 2,824 1,892 247 169 78

Reading education ...................................................................... 193 28 165 6,808 622 6,186 101 34 67

Science education ....................................................................... 785 444 341 784 424 360 81 55 26

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 350 5 345 380 12 368 29 0 29

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 64 23 41 450 114 336 8 3 5

Education, other .............................................................................. 720 430 290 1,617 613 1,004 92 62 30

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 49,283 47,065 2,218 16,245 15,525 720 2,586 2,513 73

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 40,936 38,914 2,022 15,961 15,264 697 2,583 2,510 73

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 3,348 3,150 198 1,435 1,343 92 283 275 8

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 1,078 1,050 28 385 377 8 119 115 4

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 500 478 22 147 144 3 21 21 0

Architectural engineering 277 262 15 20 19 1 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 253 210 43 175 167 8 47 47 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 151

Table 22.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1976–77—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 144 127 17 57 55 2 17 17 0

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,524 3,104 420 1,086 1,021 65 291 283 8

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 8,228 7,799 429 2,964 2,835 129 309 303 6

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 9,936 9,670 266 3,788 3,654 134 566 548 18

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 156 150 6 141 135 6 81 79 2

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 213 196 17 94 88 6 38 37 1

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 245 208 37 617 562 55 52 49 3

Geological engineering ................................................................... 132 123 9 44 44 0 6 6 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 49 45 4 14 11 3 3 3 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 2,240 2,097 143 1,609 1,534 75 104 99 5

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 216 195 21 237 222 15 133 124 9

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 7,703 7,468 235 1,952 1,903 49 283 280 3

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 350 329 21 165 160 5 54 53 1

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 404 395 9 77 73 4 7 7 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 430 429 1 87 87 0 5 5 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 480 467 13 485 463 22 105 104 1

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 132 127 5 105 102 3 13 13 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 405 382 23 93 89 4 19 19 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 45 41 4 12 10 2 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 448 412 36 172 166 6 26 22 4

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 8,347 8,151 196 284 261 23 3 3 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 8,347 8,151 196 284 261 23 3 3 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 37,794 14,295 23,499 8,016 2,985 5,031 1,508 841 667

English language and literature, general ........................................ 30,775 11,289 19,486 5,939 2,147 3,792 1,142 622 520

Comparative literature .................................................................... 451 160 291 192 78 114 135 73 62

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 279 138 141 249 145 104 0 0 0

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 5,715 2,455 3,260 1,490 547 943 210 135 75

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 574 253 321 146 68 78 21 11 10

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 14,999 3,765 11,234 3,832 1,257 2,575 967 500 467

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,465 392 1073 1,028 379 649 364 223 141

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 901 227 674 476 153 323 190 111 79

Linguistics .................................................................................... 564 165 399 552 226 326 174 112 62

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 228 92 136 52 21 31 13 11 2

Chinese ....................................................................................... 112 53 59 32 11 21 6 5 1

Japanese ..................................................................................... 116 39 77 20 10 10 7 6 1

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 599 243 356 104 38 66 44 24 20

Russian ....................................................................................... 528 215 313 66 25 41 19 11 8

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 71 28 43 38 13 25 25 13 12

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 1,854 616 1,238 401 147 254 127 61 66

German ....................................................................................... 1,820 609 1,211 394 144 250 126 61 65

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 34 7 27 7 3 4 1 0 1

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 10 6 4 2 1 1 1 1 0

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 9,912 1,988 7,924 1,894 479 1,415 346 133 213

French ......................................................................................... 4,228 651 3,577 875 195 680 177 50 127

Italian ........................................................................................... 325 101 224 89 30 59 16 7 9

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 5,359 1,236 4,123 930 254 676 153 76 77

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 122 53 69 57 47 10 7 6 1

Arabic .......................................................................................... 7 1 6 15 12 3 1 0 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 115 52 63 42 35 7 6 6 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
152 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 22.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1976–77—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 724 344 380 179 90 89 53 31 22

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 491 229 262 133 66 67 41 23 18

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 113 64 49 24 15 9 9 6 3

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 120 51 69 22 9 13 3 2 1

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 85 31 54 115 55 60 12 10 2

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 57,328 11,947 45,381 12,951 4,163 8,788 538 366 172

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,864 309 3,555 3,019 315 2,704 96 47 49

Community health liason ................................................................ 519 262 257 2,176 1,074 1,102 141 94 47

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 121 62 59 374 337 37 6 5 1

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,183 32 1,151 94 16 78 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 1,214 388 826 1,354 999 355 18 15 3

Health care and services administration ..................................... 668 348 320 1,354 999 355 18 15 3

Medical records administration ................................................... 546 40 506 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 5,598 1,220 4,378 372 176 196 3 1 2

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 5,598 1,220 4,378 372 176 196 3 1 2

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 26 21 5 103 86 17 23 21 2

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 206 60 146 628 253 375 0 0 0

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 206 60 146 628 253 375 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 28,402 1,532 26,870 3,257 102 3,155 24 2 22

Optometry ....................................................................................... 341 287 54 8 7 1 7 4 3

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 7,495 5,061 2,434 274 202 72 75 65 10

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 3,819 659 3,160 341 75 266 2 2 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,486 116 1,370 179 14 165 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,333 543 1,790 162 61 101 2 2 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 0 0 0 103 79 24 22 20 2

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 4,534 2,054 2,480 848 442 406 121 90 31

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 17,439 722 16,717 2,334 207 2,127 160 37 123

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 16,288 563 15,725 2,210 198 2,012 148 36 112

Home economics, general .............................................................. 6,198 143 6,055 812 28 784 53 8 45

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 3,296 181 3,115 566 111 455 42 13 29

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 2,867 170 2,697 576 42 534 33 12 21

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,756 23 2,733 158 8 150 14 2 12

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,171 46 1,125 98 9 89 6 1 5

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,151 159 992 124 9 115 12 1 11

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 748 28 720 79 3 76 12 1 11

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 403 131 272 45 6 39 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 559 405 154 1,574 1,366 208 60 52 8

Law, general ................................................................................... 554 400 154 1,023 860 163 60 52 8

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 5 5 0 551 506 45 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 20,463 9,839 10,624 2,324 1,107 1,217 125 73 52
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 153

Table 22.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1976–77—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 20,463 9839 10624 2,324 1107 1217 125 73 52

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 16,763 8,240 8,523 1,492 693 799 33 22 11

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 3,700 1,599 2,101 832 414 418 92 51 41

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 781 71 710 7,572 1,546 6,026 75 35 40

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 744 67 677 7,266 1,471 5,795 61 28 33

Library science, other ..................................................................... 37 4 33 306 75 231 14 7 7

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 14,395 8,476 5,919 4,109 2,762 1,347 859 748 111

Mathematics .................................................................................... 13,349 7,752 5,597 3,012 1,882 1,130 634 553 81

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 684 508 176 613 527 86 82 75 7

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 485 335 150 199 161 38 46 41 5

Operations research .................................................................... 199 173 26 414 366 48 36 34 2

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 290 164 126 473 343 130 142 119 23

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 72 52 20 11 10 1 1 1 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 13,449 8,146 5,303 2,174 1,720 454 179 138 41

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,848 2,719 1,129 314 218 96 43 34 9

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 9,601 5,427 4,174 1,860 1,502 358 136 104 32

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 5,514 2,889 2,625 609 387 222 15 12 3

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 5,514 2,889 2,625 609 387 222 15 12 3

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 8,158 5,752 2,406 1,300 846 454 468 379 89

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 4,441 3,316 1,125 669 519 150 330 264 66

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 3,717 2,436 1,281 631 327 304 138 115 23

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 22,497 17,996 4,501 5,331 4,450 881 3,341 3,022 319

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 22,497 17,996 4,501 5,331 4,450 881 3,341 3,022 319

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 1,424 1,145 279 212 169 43 82 71 11

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 122 103 19 68 54 14 74 65 9

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 30 28 2 13 13 0 9 8 1

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 373 338 35 213 201 12 71 62 9

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 11,215 8,659 2,556 1,767 1,324 443 1,568 1,381 187

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 11,078 8,549 2,529 1,669 1,249 420 1,441 1,270 171

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 3 2 1 9 6 3 10 8 2

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 15 15 0 8 6 2 9 8 1

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 52 40 12 22 17 5 34 29 5

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 15 11 4 50 39 11 46 41 5

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 52 42 10 9 7 2 28 25 3

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 3,879 3,043 836 1,047 926 121 325 302 23

Geology ....................................................................................... 3,740 2,937 803 920 811 109 257 237 20

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 21 13 8 24 21 3 14 14 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 118 93 25 103 94 9 54 51 3

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,642 1,286 356 572 465 107 200 182 18

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 28 28 0 45 44 1 22 22 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 282 245 37 146 123 23 102 95 7

Earth science .............................................................................. 1,116 852 264 249 181 68 52 44 8

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 216 161 55 132 117 15 24 21 3

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,420 3,062 358 1,319 1,193 126 945 890 55

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,361 3,015 346 1,290 1,170 120 920 869 51

Physics, other .............................................................................. 59 47 12 29 23 6 25 21 4

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 392 332 60 120 105 15 67 61 6

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 14,530 11,546 2,984 1,681 1,393 288 10 8 2

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 14,530 11,546 2,984 1,681 1,393 288 10 8 2

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 14,530 11,546 2,984 1,681 1,393 288 10 8 2

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 47,861 20,627 27,234 10,859 5,293 5,566 3,386 2,127 1,259

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 46,272 20,166 26,106 5,319 2,910 2,409 2,116 1,351 765

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 3 2 1 547 279 268 263 164 99

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 120 61 59 1,783 856 927 174 122 52

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 354 61 293 184 68 116 52 28 24

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 44 26 18 53 36 17 63 44 19

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 70 35 35 73 51 22 8 7 1
154 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 22.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1976–77—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 23 7 16 7 4 3 16 13 3

Social psychology ........................................................................... 354 150 204 166 69 97 43 24 19

School psychology .......................................................................... 488 74 414 2,558 980 1,578 625 357 268

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 133 45 88 169 40 129 26 17 9

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 16,136 5,544 10,592 17,026 8,810 8,216 292 197 95

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,477 650 827 572 364 208 32 16 16

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,313 1,807 506 6,373 4,969 1,404 122 99 23

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 11,673 2,638 9,035 9,596 3,047 6,549 131 76 55

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 673 449 224 485 430 55 7 6 1

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 711 710 1 43 42 1 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 691 690 1 43 42 1 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 117,040 71,128 45,912 15,533 10,413 5,120 3,802 2,957 845

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 10,783 5,979 4,804 2,019 1,234 785 72 48 24

Anthropology ................................................................................... 4,833 2,001 2,832 965 508 457 386 252 134

Archeology ...................................................................................... 68 26 42 29 10 19 10 6 4

Criminology ..................................................................................... 2,391 1,693 698 243 173 70 9 8 1

Demography and population studies .............................................. 19 12 7 17 4 13 11 10 1

Economics ...................................................................................... 15,296 11,793 3,503 2,158 1,775 383 758 672 86

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,594 2600 994 690 502 188 161 136 25

Geography ................................................................................... 3,594 2,600 994 690 502 188 161 136 25

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 25,433 16,499 8,934 3,393 2,199 1,194 921 715 206

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,406 832 574 985 703 282 89 70 19

Political science and government, general ..................................... 26,411 18,967 7,444 2,222 1,718 504 641 541 100

Sociology ........................................................................................ 24,713 9,679 15,034 1,830 1,018 812 714 480 234

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 1,473 798 675 861 495 366 14 8 6

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 620 249 371 121 74 47 16 11 5

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 6,109 4,534 1,575 3,625 2,488 1,137 1,125 1,083 42

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 46 40 6 32 30 2 1 1 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,560 795 765 1,325 688 637 41 36 5

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 288 160 128 228 171 57 10 9 1

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 3,890 3,295 595 1,831 1,459 372 1,048 1,015 33

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 325 244 81 209 140 69 25 22 3

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,346 1201 145 125 115 10 6 5 1

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 222 222 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,124 979 145 125 115 10 6 5 1

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 41,793 16,166 25,627 8,636 4,211 4,425 662 447 215

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 4,888 1,865 3,023 746 347 399 44 23 21

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 801 74 727 200 26 174 6 1 5

Design and applied art ................................................................... 3,558 1,240 2,318 247 130 117 0 0 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,234 2,192 3,042 1,315 664 651 98 71 27

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,443 1,083 360 216 167 49 7 5 2

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 513 396 117 161 124 37 7 5 2

Photography ................................................................................ 930 687 243 55 43 12 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 16,329 5,313 11,016 2,636 1,199 1,437 95 41 54

Art, general .................................................................................. 14,257 4,909 9,348 2,224 1,105 1,119 11 3 8

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 2,072 404 1,668 412 94 318 84 38 46

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 9,158 4,276 4,882 3,147 1,637 1,510 402 300 102

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 235 88 147 101 59 42 32 21 11

Music, general performance ....................................................... 5,384 2,532 2,852 2,334 1,204 1,130 286 222 64

Music theory and composition .................................................... 3,539 1,656 1,883 712 374 338 84 57 27

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 382 123 259 129 41 88 10 6 4

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1976–77’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 155

Table 23.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1977–78

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 921,204 487,347 433,857 311,620 161,212 150,408 32,131 23,658 8,473

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 22,650 17,069 5,581 4,023 3,268 755 971 909 62

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 9,957 7,768 2,189 1,749 1,449 300 397 378 19

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 6,644 5,700 944 1,339 1,161 178 328 310 18

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,929 1,582 347 327 269 58 10 10 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 2,665 2,296 369 458 400 58 157 146 11

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,694 1,518 176 552 490 62 161 154 7

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 356 304 52 2 2 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 2,423 1,340 1,083 282 182 100 67 66 1

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 890 728 162 128 106 22 2 2 0

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 6,066 3,961 2,105 1,125 867 258 371 333 38

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 4,508 2,926 1,582 566 465 101 150 143 7

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 4,109 2,617 1,492 478 395 83 125 119 6

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 283 215 68 57 45 12 11 10 1

Poultry science ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 116 94 22 31 25 6 14 14 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 717 387 330 323 202 121 113 86 27

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 221 194 27 100 86 14 27 27 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 221 194 27 100 86 14 27 27 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 620 454 166 136 114 22 81 77 4

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 6,627 5,340 1,287 1,149 952 197 203 198 5

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 2,268 1,663 605 273 210 63 33 33 0

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 162 142 20 24 21 3 10 10 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,671 2,322 349 488 414 74 93 90 3

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,526 1,213 313 364 307 57 67 65 2

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,250 7,054 2,196 3,115 2,304 811 73 57 16

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,405 4,789 616 1,386 1,154 232 14 12 2

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 1,337 950 387 67 43 24 5 4 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 864 104 760 26 12 14 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 965 710 255 211 128 83 1 1 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 528 380 148 1,359 927 432 49 37 12

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 151 121 30 66 40 26 4 3 1

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,257 1,362 1,895 981 516 465 145 100 45

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,493 1,022 1,471 781 427 354 127 85 42

African studies ............................................................................. 21 9 12 21 16 5 7 4 3

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,488 581 907 248 117 131 70 46 24

Latin American studies ................................................................ 293 124 169 162 78 84 7 6 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 63 27 36 52 37 15 17 15 2

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 146 67 79 66 37 29 4 3 1

Asian studies ............................................................................... 371 176 195 195 119 76 20 10 10

European studies ........................................................................ 104 31 73 25 15 10 2 1 1

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 7 7 0 12 8 4 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 402 214 188 56 33 23 0 0 0

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 281 141 140 44 28 16 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 102 60 42 12 5 7 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 19 13 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 362 126 236 144 56 88 18 15 3

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 51,502 31,705 19,797 6,806 4,400 2,406 3,309 2,511 798

Biology, general .............................................................................. 37,598 22,928 14,670 3,094 2,005 1,089 664 478 186

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,843 1,313 530 369 253 116 501 391 110

Botany, total .................................................................................... 1,220 651 569 511 319 192 247 198 49

Botany, general ........................................................................... 1,019 522 497 302 181 121 139 102 37

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 113 77 36 174 113 61 93 83 10

Botany, other ............................................................................... 88 52 36 35 25 10 15 13 2

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 295 168 127 46 25 21 91 60 31

Cell biology .................................................................................. 54 11 43 19 5 14 25 15 10
156 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 23.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1977–78—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 241 157 84 27 20 7 66 45 21

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,695 1,419 1,276 615 362 253 353 257 96

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,675 1,087 588 836 487 349 444 317 127

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 2 2 0 88 57 31 131 93 38

Ecology ........................................................................................ 841 554 287 189 140 49 48 40 8

Marine biology ............................................................................. 509 405 104 103 85 18 24 18 6

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 34 19 15 7 2 5 37 34 3

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 142 32 110 155 47 108 54 30 24

Toxicology ................................................................................... 27 21 6 19 16 3 10 8 2

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 97 45 52 136 64 72 93 58 35

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 17 9 8 109 53 56 25 21 4

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 6 0 6 30 23 7 22 15 7

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 5,139 3,459 1,680 1,160 846 314 885 718 167

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 4,478 2,974 1,504 475 318 157 264 212 52

Entomology ................................................................................. 301 245 56 230 194 36 142 131 11

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 13 4 9 90 64 26 79 57 22

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 30 23 7 112 83 29 182 142 40

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 317 213 104 253 187 66 218 176 42

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,037 680 357 175 103 72 124 92 32

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 159,691 116,171 43,520 47,837 39,743 8,094 823 753 70

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 142,669 104,309 38,360 46,235 38,564 7,671 794 729 65

Business, general ........................................................................... 31,853 23,058 8,795 9,967 8,227 1,740 162 149 13

Business administration and management, total ........................... 50,964 38,769 12,195 25,249 21,398 3,851 457 417 40

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 50,964 38,769 12,195 25,249 21,398 3,851 457 417 40

Accounting ...................................................................................... 40,145 28,345 11,800 3,354 2,633 721 44 41 3

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,611 70 1,541 63 46 17 1 1 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,251 1,649 602 313 255 58 54 50 4

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 9,490 7,722 1,768 3,533 2,947 586 38 36 2

Finance, general ......................................................................... 8,755 7,117 1,638 3,289 2,736 553 32 31 1

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 621 516 105 31 25 6 6 5 1

Investments and securities ......................................................... 114 89 25 213 186 27 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 1,696 1,285 411 150 135 15 1 1 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 2,792 1,950 842 1,784 1,427 357 15 13 2

Human resources management .................................................. 1,492 1,037 455 1,049 860 189 1 1 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,300 913 387 735 567 168 14 12 2

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 306 202 104 1,043 825 218 9 9 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 272 199 73 159 117 42 10 9 1

Business statistics ....................................................................... 272 199 73 159 117 42 10 9 1

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 659 579 80 78 74 4 1 1 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 630 481 149 542 480 62 2 2 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 17,022 11,862 5,160 1,602 1,179 423 29 24 5

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 17,022 11,862 5,160 1,602 1,179 423 29 24 5

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 25,400 13,480 11,920 3,296 1,673 1,623 191 138 53

Communications, total ........................................................................ 23,873 12,526 11,347 3,077 1,528 1,549 179 128 51

Communications, general ............................................................... 9,759 4,974 4,785 1,829 858 971 134 100 34

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,410 676 734 117 62 55 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 12,424 6,689 5,735 1,044 553 491 45 28 17

Journalism ................................................................................... 8,299 3,960 4,339 797 402 395 32 19 13

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 4,125 2,729 1,396 247 151 96 13 9 4

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 280 187 93 87 55 32 0 0 0

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,527 954 573 219 145 74 12 10 2

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 1,527 954 573 219 145 74 12 10 2

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 7,201 5,349 1,852 3,038 2,471 567 196 181 15
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 157

Table 23.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1977–78—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 5,940 4,429 1,511 2,713 2,192 521 183 170 13

Computer programming .................................................................. 24 16 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 395 285 110 53 52 1 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 742 545 197 234 195 39 13 11 2

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 61 43 18 30 26 4 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 39 31 8 8 6 2 0 0 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 135,821 37,410 98,411 116,916 37,662 79,254 7,018 4,281 2,737

Education, general .......................................................................... 3,942 712 3,230 15,741 5,109 10,632 1,376 779 597

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 579 108 471 4,182 1,246 2,936 712 399 313

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 440 124 316 28,242 13,435 14,807 2,223 1,540 683

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 200 47 153 12,451 7,448 5,003 1,560 1,152 408

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 43 17 26 34 22 12

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 240 77 163 15,748 5,970 9,778 629 366 263

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 2 0 2 153 46 107 70 37 33

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 2 0 2 52 26 26 51 22 29

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 0 0 0 101 20 81 19 15 4

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 23 8 15 534 247 287 193 126 67

Special education, total .................................................................. 16,443 1,616 14,827 14,144 2,348 11,796 308 157 151

Special education, general .......................................................... 8,502 902 7,600 9,086 1,550 7,536 255 133 122

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 388 17 371 444 69 375 2 1 1

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 11 0 11 24 4 20 2 0 2

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 553 63 490 540 137 403 3 1 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 3,341 343 2,998 920 192 728 8 5 3

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 105 20 85 27 8 19 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 213 19 194 88 25 63 1 1 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 112 7 105 94 22 72 3 1 2

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 963 88 875 1,814 193 1,621 23 9 14

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 2,110 145 1,965 745 78 667 4 1 3

Special education, other ............................................................. 145 12 133 362 70 292 7 5 2

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 58,484 7,752 50,732 29,550 6,172 23,378 1,104 619 485

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 34 8 26 919 348 571 147 94 53

Elementary education ................................................................. 49,255 5,844 43,411 19,897 2,647 17,250 223 67 156

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 204 67 137 66 32 34 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,940 148 4,792 1,508 60 1,448 42 9 33

Secondary education .................................................................. 4,031 1,673 2,358 6,508 2,707 3,801 172 109 63

General teacher education, other ............................................... 20 12 8 652 378 274 520 340 180

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 54,909 26,533 28,376 22,036 8,200 13,836 939 565 374

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,114 984 130 305 277 28 20 18 2

Art education ............................................................................... 3,637 886 2,751 966 242 724 40 16 24

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 4,741 979 3,762 1,670 392 1,278 63 41 22

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 98 85 13 279 240 39 2 2 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 2,399 798 1,601 1,057 390 667 90 52 38

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 3,044 24 3,020 577 6 571 10 0 10

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 7,407 6,697 710 2,732 2,034 698 228 175 53

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,048 439 609 598 230 368 39 22 17

Music education .......................................................................... 7,376 3,078 4,298 1,355 679 676 66 44 22

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 22,699 12,114 10,585 4,638 2,660 1,978 210 126 84

Reading education ...................................................................... 234 21 213 6,751 641 6,110 106 18 88

Science education ....................................................................... 755 416 339 775 406 369 65 51 14

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 357 12 345 333 3 330 0 0 0

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 62 21 41 456 132 324 9 4 5

Education, other .............................................................................. 937 536 401 1,878 727 1,151 84 55 29

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 55,654 51,945 3,709 16,398 15,533 865 2,440 2,383 57

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 46,869 43,405 3,464 16,038 15,198 840 2,437 2,380 57

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 3,328 3,032 296 1,593 1,500 93 235 230 5

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 1,186 1,125 61 411 400 11 115 113 2

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 551 528 23 144 134 10 37 36 1

Architectural engineering 326 305 21 18 18 0 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 350 271 79 191 175 16 61 61 0
158 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 23.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1977–78—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 152 127 25 47 43 4 19 19 0

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 4,569 3,858 711 1,235 1,148 87 259 252 7

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 9,135 8,450 685 2,685 2,553 132 277 271 6

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 11,133 10,701 432 3,740 3,598 142 503 490 13

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 176 170 6 152 143 9 78 78 0

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 236 218 18 106 103 3 37 37 0

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 309 261 48 517 453 64 36 32 4

Geological engineering ................................................................... 157 143 14 52 47 5 0 0 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 56 53 3 19 18 1 1 1 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 2,678 2,357 321 1,722 1,584 138 118 113 5

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 234 199 35 224 207 17 114 110 4

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 8,875 8,409 466 1,942 1,885 57 279 273 6

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 420 376 44 204 190 14 75 74 1

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 509 487 22 92 89 3 16 16 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 567 563 4 75 74 1 3 3 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 545 515 30 494 473 21 112 109 3

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 162 155 7 110 109 1 20 20 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 590 554 36 98 95 3 21 21 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 60 52 8 9 9 0 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 565 496 69 158 150 8 20 20 0

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 8,785 8,540 245 360 335 25 3 3 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 8,785 8,540 245 360 335 25 3 3 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 35,328 13,137 22,191 7,655 2,706 4,949 1,400 758 642

English language and literature, general ........................................ 28,505 10,332 18,173 5,808 2,015 3,793 1,078 575 503

Comparative literature .................................................................... 529 165 364 211 83 128 128 60 68

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 257 120 137 200 116 84 2 1 1

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 5,508 2,275 3,233 1,326 445 881 177 115 62

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 529 245 284 110 47 63 15 7 8

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 13,767 3,482 10,285 3,377 1,080 2,297 865 425 440

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,639 485 1154 1,024 367 657 339 182 157

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 1,043 297 746 505 160 345 180 85 95

Linguistics .................................................................................... 596 188 408 519 207 312 159 97 62

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 271 113 158 41 17 24 5 5 0

Chinese ....................................................................................... 116 56 60 23 9 14 4 4 0

Japanese ..................................................................................... 155 57 98 18 8 10 1 1 0

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 524 223 301 119 50 69 49 29 20

Russian ....................................................................................... 442 187 255 50 24 26 12 5 7

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 82 36 46 69 26 43 37 24 13

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 1,685 575 1,110 373 136 237 102 48 54

German ....................................................................................... 1,647 567 1,080 357 130 227 101 47 54

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 38 8 30 16 6 10 1 1 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 3 1 2 2 0 2 1 1 0

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 8,841 1,699 7,142 1,572 371 1,201 287 113 174

French ......................................................................................... 3,708 566 3,142 692 137 555 155 47 108

Italian ........................................................................................... 301 72 229 58 13 45 19 8 11

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 4,832 1,061 3,771 822 221 601 113 58 55

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 81 30 51 41 34 7 2 1 1

Arabic .......................................................................................... 8 3 5 3 2 1 1 0 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 73 27 46 38 32 6 1 1 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 159

Table 23.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1977–78—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 663 332 331 156 86 70 66 37 29

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 441 220 221 132 78 54 57 34 23

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 105 57 48 10 5 5 7 3 4

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 117 55 62 14 3 11 2 0 2

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 60 24 36 49 19 30 14 9 5

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 59,434 11,593 47,841 14,325 4,265 10,060 654 402 252

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,551 304 3,247 3,170 268 2,902 121 63 58

Community health liason ................................................................ 552 261 291 2,244 1,065 1,179 148 89 59

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 0 0 0 352 330 22 10 6 4

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,152 18 1,134 33 3 30 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 1,704 481 1,223 1,548 987 561 12 10 2

Health care and services administration ..................................... 1,158 442 716 1,548 987 561 12 10 2

Medical records administration ................................................... 546 39 507 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 5,624 1,253 4,371 305 147 158 6 5 1

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 5,624 1,253 4,371 305 147 158 6 5 1

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 77 58 19 27 21 6

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 266 45 221 706 275 431 16 9 7

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 266 45 221 706 275 431 16 9 7

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 30,003 1,622 28,381 3,779 141 3,638 56 3 53

Optometry ....................................................................................... 385 314 71 7 7 0 7 6 1

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 7,296 4,712 2,584 320 229 91 96 83 13

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 3,885 615 3,270 480 92 388 1 1 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,499 103 1,396 222 18 204 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,386 512 1,874 258 74 184 1 1 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 0 0 0 150 117 33 31 27 4

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 5,016 1,968 3,048 1,154 546 608 123 79 44

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 17,621 785 16,836 2,613 212 2,401 203 58 145

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 16,414 619 15,795 2,471 200 2,271 191 54 137

Home economics, general .............................................................. 6,259 158 6,101 949 28 921 71 7 64

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 3,127 173 2,954 630 101 529 71 32 39

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 3,028 178 2,850 676 62 614 33 14 19

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,819 55 2,764 122 2 120 10 1 9

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,181 55 1,126 94 7 87 6 0 6

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,207 166 1,041 142 12 130 12 4 8

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 746 23 723 91 7 84 12 4 8

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 461 143 318 51 5 46 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 653 466 187 1,786 1,525 261 39 34 5

Law, general ................................................................................... 645 462 183 1,217 1,018 199 39 34 5

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 8 4 4 569 507 62 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 23,509 11,425 12,084 2,259 1,062 1,197 139 93 46
160 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 23.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1977–78—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 23,509 11425 12084 2,259 1062 1197 139 93 46

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 19,694 9,894 9,800 1,387 621 766 55 41 14

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 3,815 1,531 2,284 872 441 431 84 52 32

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 693 80 613 6,914 1,384 5,530 67 43 24

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 680 76 604 6,816 1,367 5,449 58 37 21

Library science, other ..................................................................... 13 4 9 98 17 81 9 6 3

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 13,065 7,806 5,259 3,862 2,635 1,227 848 722 126

Mathematics .................................................................................... 11,754 6,881 4,873 2,630 1,666 964 592 509 83

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 908 676 232 684 567 117 99 91 8

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 412 268 144 195 160 35 56 50 6

Operations research .................................................................... 496 408 88 489 407 82 43 41 2

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 273 166 107 507 373 134 153 121 32

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 130 83 47 41 29 12 4 1 3

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 12,129 7,385 4,744 2,228 1,744 484 162 112 50

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,586 2,417 1,169 376 274 102 56 40 16

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 8,543 4,968 3,575 1,852 1,470 382 106 72 34

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 5,623 2,764 2,859 574 327 247 10 9 1

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 5,623 2,764 2,859 574 327 247 10 9 1

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 7,907 5,459 2,448 1,249 707 542 444 368 76

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 4,015 2,941 1,074 564 421 143 283 235 48

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 3,892 2,518 1,374 685 286 399 161 133 28

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 22,986 18,090 4,896 5,561 4,620 941 3,133 2,821 312

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 22,986 18,090 4,896 5,561 4,620 941 3,133 2,821 312

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 1,285 1,015 270 195 156 39 73 65 8

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 110 86 24 84 72 12 80 76 4

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 18 16 2 11 11 0 9 9 0

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 353 318 35 199 187 12 58 56 2

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 11,315 8,518 2,797 1,886 1,445 441 1,521 1,318 203

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 11,249 8,468 2,781 1,751 1,345 406 1,374 1,183 191

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 1 1 0 18 14 4 19 17 2

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 52 40 12 9 7 2 23 23 0

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 0 0 0 23 18 5 24 22 2

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 11 7 4 54 37 17 60 58 2

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 2 2 0 31 24 7 21 15 6

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 4,342 3,384 958 1,239 1,026 213 268 242 26

Geology ....................................................................................... 4,189 3,261 928 1,126 922 204 228 204 24

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 9 6 3 16 13 3 6 6 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 144 117 27 97 91 6 34 32 2

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,540 1,181 359 521 439 82 209 192 17

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 29 26 3 31 28 3 19 19 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 234 206 28 177 156 21 91 86 5

Earth science .............................................................................. 1,069 797 272 215 171 44 55 49 6

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 208 152 56 98 84 14 44 38 6

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,330 2,961 369 1,294 1,171 123 873 824 49

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,259 2,905 354 1,270 1,152 118 841 794 47

Physics, other .............................................................................. 71 56 15 24 19 5 32 30 2

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 693 611 82 132 113 19 42 39 3

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 14,885 10,921 3,964 1,902 1,511 391 17 12 5

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 14,885 10,921 3,964 1,902 1,511 391 17 12 5

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 14,885 10,921 3,964 1,902 1,511 391 17 12 5

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 44,879 18,422 26,457 10,282 4,670 5,612 3,164 1,974 1,190

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 43,092 17,819 25,273 5,162 2,618 2,544 1,958 1,243 715

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 4 2 2 483 213 270 338 201 137

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 130 55 75 1,719 745 974 72 47 25

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 439 50 389 217 71 146 39 23 16

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 38 17 21 67 41 26 50 33 17

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 35 21 14 106 66 40 4 3 1
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 161

Table 23.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1977–78—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 33 15 18 6 6 0 15 10 5

Social psychology ........................................................................... 504 238 266 241 121 120 84 45 39

School psychology .......................................................................... 320 74 246 2,122 751 1,371 577 353 224

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 284 131 153 159 38 121 27 16 11

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 16,607 5,096 11,511 17,337 8,513 8,824 357 237 120

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,596 640 956 425 263 162 56 29 27

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,034 1,449 585 6,833 5,146 1,687 153 128 25

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 12,423 2,658 9,765 9,737 2,847 6,890 138 72 66

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 554 349 205 342 257 85 10 8 2

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 134 133 1 45 44 1 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 55 54 1 45 44 1 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 79 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 112,952 67,217 45,735 14,718 9,845 4,873 3,594 2,722 872

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 11,270 6,560 4,710 2,257 1,480 777 110 83 27

Anthropology ................................................................................... 4,286 1,703 2,583 856 429 427 398 240 158

Archeology ...................................................................................... 72 28 44 25 11 14 16 8 8

Criminology ..................................................................................... 2,350 1,502 848 284 230 54 12 6 6

Demography and population studies .............................................. 82 38 44 26 18 8 7 6 1

Economics ...................................................................................... 15,661 11,758 3,903 1,995 1,599 396 706 626 80

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,719 2683 1036 648 492 156 158 128 30

Geography ................................................................................... 3,719 2,683 1,036 648 492 156 158 128 30

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 23,004 14,764 8,240 3,033 1,929 1,104 813 629 184

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,560 876 684 1,012 728 284 65 56 9

Political science and government, general ..................................... 26,069 17,954 8,115 2,069 1,523 546 636 517 119

Sociology ........................................................................................ 22,750 8,322 14,428 1,611 878 733 599 376 223

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 1,342 714 628 745 452 293 9 7 2

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 787 315 472 157 76 81 65 40 25

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 6,319 4,793 1,526 3,329 2,314 1,015 1,160 1,106 54

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 38 37 1 36 31 5 9 5 4

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,665 944 721 1,094 538 556 37 32 5

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 294 174 120 142 99 43 5 4 1

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 4,027 3,424 603 1,847 1,501 346 1,079 1,038 41

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 295 214 81 210 145 65 30 27 3

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,336 1176 160 158 151 7 1 1 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 252 244 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,084 932 152 158 151 7 1 1 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 40,951 15,572 25,379 9,036 4,327 4,709 708 448 260

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 4,639 1,653 2,986 668 315 353 76 33 43

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 886 96 790 205 22 183 0 0 0

Design and applied art ................................................................... 3,523 1,130 2,393 282 132 150 1 1 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,043 2,074 2,969 1,295 659 636 116 80 36

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,610 1,165 445 236 169 67 3 2 1

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 651 469 182 147 104 43 2 1 1

Photography ................................................................................ 959 696 263 89 65 24 1 1 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 15,925 5,142 10,783 2,739 1,218 1,521 115 46 69

Art, general .................................................................................. 14,099 4,825 9,274 2,333 1,131 1,202 6 3 3

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 1,826 317 1,509 406 87 319 109 43 66

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 9,001 4,228 4,773 3,464 1,772 1,692 395 285 110

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 169 58 111 98 40 58 41 26 15

Music, general performance ....................................................... 5,235 2,570 2,665 2,668 1,367 1,301 266 205 61

Music theory and composition .................................................... 3,597 1,600 1,997 698 365 333 88 54 34

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 324 84 240 147 40 107 2 1 1

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1977–78’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
162 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 24.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1978–79

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 921,390 477,344 444,046 301,079 153,370 147,709 32,730 23,541 9,189

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 23,134 16,854 6,280 3,994 3,187 807 950 877 73

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 10,663 8,103 2,560 1,805 1,486 319 420 391 29

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 7,121 5,934 1,187 1,371 1,179 192 340 320 20

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 2,041 1,600 441 360 306 54 16 16 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 3,120 2,620 500 495 417 78 177 169 8

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,613 1,401 212 507 449 58 146 134 12

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 347 313 34 9 7 2 1 1 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 2,500 1,349 1,151 296 194 102 74 65 9

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 1,042 820 222 138 113 25 6 6 0

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 6,237 3,811 2,426 1,163 845 318 334 304 30

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 4,429 2,696 1,733 593 459 134 158 149 9

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 4,035 2,408 1,627 479 372 107 130 124 6

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 283 204 79 73 55 18 15 12 3

Poultry science ............................................................................ 111 84 27 41 32 9 13 13 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 854 398 456 343 198 145 98 78 20

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 273 233 40 55 45 10 22 22 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 273 233 40 55 45 10 22 22 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 681 484 197 172 143 29 56 55 1

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 6,234 4,940 1,294 1,026 856 170 196 182 14

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 2,105 1,473 632 248 204 44 27 24 3

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 164 142 22 14 11 3 7 6 1

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,532 2,188 344 433 368 65 94 86 8

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,433 1,137 296 331 273 58 68 66 2

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,273 6,876 2,397 3,113 2,226 887 96 74 22

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,541 4,731 810 1,419 1,118 301 26 20 6

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 1,107 766 341 101 53 48 3 2 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,034 177 857 24 7 17 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 928 680 248 225 138 87 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 408 317 91 1,259 870 389 64 50 14

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 255 205 50 85 40 45 3 2 1

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,006 1,265 1,741 853 437 416 135 85 50

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,281 935 1,346 701 355 346 107 64 43

African studies ............................................................................. 7 4 3 15 11 4 2 1 1

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,329 534 795 215 83 132 72 43 29

Latin American studies ................................................................ 245 98 147 118 55 63 5 3 2

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 67 36 31 48 35 13 10 7 3

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 138 59 79 71 46 25 1 1 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 379 171 208 205 104 101 15 8 7

European studies ........................................................................ 110 28 82 26 19 7 2 1 1

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 6 5 1 3 2 1 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 420 189 231 80 43 37 2 0 2

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 285 135 150 61 33 28 2 0 2

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 100 39 61 19 10 9 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 305 141 164 72 39 33 26 21 5

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 48,846 29,191 19,655 6,831 4,265 2,566 3,542 2,636 906

Biology, general .............................................................................. 35,962 21,318 14,644 3,093 1,942 1,151 663 472 191

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,903 1,281 622 347 205 142 542 423 119

Botany, total .................................................................................... 916 478 438 502 320 182 271 205 66

Botany, general ........................................................................... 799 409 390 335 209 126 170 123 47

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 83 53 30 141 98 43 82 67 15

Botany, other ............................................................................... 34 16 18 26 13 13 19 15 4

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 296 181 115 44 29 15 86 66 20

Cell biology .................................................................................. 59 21 38 27 20 7 25 19 6
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 163

Table 24.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1978–79—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 237 160 77 17 9 8 61 47 14

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,670 1,409 1,261 597 353 244 395 270 125

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,407 851 556 941 543 398 520 361 159

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 4 4 0 102 73 29 145 99 46

Ecology ........................................................................................ 741 493 248 235 178 57 51 45 6

Marine biology ............................................................................. 362 253 109 89 68 21 12 11 1

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 45 27 18 7 4 3 49 33 16

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 133 18 115 193 67 126 83 43 40

Toxicology ................................................................................... 18 14 4 35 23 12 13 11 2

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 95 37 58 168 67 101 112 76 36

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 9 5 4 88 46 42 33 26 7

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 0 0 0 24 17 7 22 17 5

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 4,913 3,240 1,673 1,109 768 341 938 751 187

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 4,097 2,715 1,382 460 304 156 268 204 64

Entomology ................................................................................. 270 205 65 276 210 66 150 140 10

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 27 11 16 87 50 37 75 55 20

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 148 99 49 76 48 28 194 162 32

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 371 210 161 210 156 54 251 190 61

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 779 433 346 198 105 93 127 88 39

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 171,241 118,825 52,416 49,855 40,274 9,581 821 724 97

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 152,081 106,321 45,760 48,058 39,011 9,047 789 694 95

Business, general ........................................................................... 32,223 22,322 9,901 8,940 7,240 1,700 152 138 14

Business administration and management, total ........................... 57,015 41,172 15,843 27,562 22,728 4,834 427 375 52

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 57,015 41,172 15,843 27,562 22,728 4,834 427 375 52

Accounting ...................................................................................... 41,393 27,907 13,486 3,571 2,744 827 52 45 7

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,666 72 1,594 17 2 15 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,576 1,869 707 294 239 55 65 61 4

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 10,427 8,203 2,224 3,884 3,133 751 50 42 8

Finance, general ......................................................................... 9,482 7,447 2,035 3,257 2,636 621 38 31 7

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 602 492 110 55 41 14 5 4 1

Investments and securities ......................................................... 343 264 79 572 456 116 7 7 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 1,838 1,365 473 90 75 15 1 1 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 2,894 1,899 995 1,854 1,377 477 21 15 6

Human resources management .................................................. 1,595 1,035 560 1,099 842 257 9 6 3

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,299 864 435 755 535 220 12 9 3

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 379 234 145 1,120 847 273 7 5 2

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 256 171 85 130 101 29 9 8 1

Business statistics ....................................................................... 256 171 85 130 101 29 9 8 1

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 726 608 118 57 51 6 3 3 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 688 499 189 539 474 65 2 1 1

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 19,160 12,504 6,656 1,797 1,263 534 32 30 2

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 19,160 12,504 6,656 1,797 1,263 534 32 30 2

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 26,457 13,266 13,191 2,882 1,483 1,399 192 138 54

Communications, total ........................................................................ 24,906 12,352 12,554 2,654 1,362 1,292 182 130 52

Communications, general ............................................................... 10,398 4,924 5,474 1,390 666 724 144 104 40

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,685 789 896 146 73 73 1 1 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 12,565 6,462 6,103 1,053 586 467 37 25 12

Journalism ................................................................................... 8,060 3,605 4,455 765 403 362 24 17 7

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 4,505 2,857 1,648 288 183 105 13 8 5

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 258 177 81 65 37 28 0 0 0

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,551 914 637 228 121 107 10 8 2

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 1,551 914 637 228 121 107 10 8 2

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 8,719 6,272 2,447 3,055 2,480 575 236 206 30
164 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 24.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1978–79—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 7,300 5,256 2,044 2,773 2,243 530 227 199 28

Computer programming .................................................................. 56 39 17 0 0 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 442 305 137 51 49 2 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 840 619 221 183 153 30 9 7 2

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 48 35 13 23 20 3 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 33 18 15 25 15 10 0 0 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 125,873 33,743 92,130 109,866 34,410 75,456 7,170 4,174 2,996

Education, general .......................................................................... 3,761 661 3,100 15,161 4,742 10,419 1,337 766 571

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 294 33 261 4,508 1,338 3,170 788 420 368

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 415 95 320 26,813 12,428 14,385 2,234 1,461 773

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 241 58 183 12,164 7,196 4,968 1,489 1,037 452

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 31 11 20 21 14 7

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 174 37 137 14,618 5,221 9,397 724 410 314

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 7 3 4 205 71 134 76 40 36

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 3 1 2 61 31 30 53 27 26

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 4 2 2 144 40 104 23 13 10

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 42 9 33 420 192 228 212 141 71

Special education, total .................................................................. 15,442 1,348 14,094 13,585 2,135 11,450 292 127 165

Special education, general .......................................................... 8,747 840 7,907 8,844 1,425 7,419 234 103 131

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 409 17 392 467 82 385 2 2 0

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 47 4 43 80 4 76 1 0 1

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 572 58 514 523 113 410 4 2 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 2,537 211 2,326 936 159 777 9 4 5

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 163 17 146 79 23 56 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 187 21 166 82 23 59 4 1 3

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 63 5 58 103 30 73 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 894 67 827 1,575 160 1,415 31 13 18

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 1,690 102 1,588 570 37 533 1 0 1

Special education, other ............................................................. 133 6 127 326 79 247 6 2 4

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 53,871 6,884 46,987 26,948 5,629 21,319 1,142 583 559

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 46 15 31 929 363 566 113 71 42

Elementary education ................................................................. 44,792 5,011 39,781 17,452 2,302 15,150 198 55 143

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 238 84 154 103 53 50 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,840 124 4,716 1,665 47 1,618 46 10 36

Secondary education .................................................................. 3,936 1,639 2,297 6,062 2,468 3,594 220 114 106

General teacher education, other ............................................... 19 11 8 737 396 341 565 333 232

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 50,897 24,025 26,872 20,168 7,176 12,992 1,006 589 417

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,144 921 223 229 206 23 10 10 0

Art education ............................................................................... 3,103 722 2,381 916 246 670 47 25 22

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 4,403 858 3,545 1,464 358 1,106 55 32 23

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 93 79 14 259 215 44 4 4 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 2,501 663 1,838 1,038 297 741 84 45 39

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 2,581 25 2,556 497 7 490 11 0 11

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 6,853 6,178 675 2,472 1,805 667 236 171 65

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 850 337 513 483 199 284 42 27 15

Music education .......................................................................... 6,681 2,833 3,848 1,282 601 681 90 53 37

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 21,244 11,004 10,240 4,216 2,340 1,876 238 146 92

Reading education ...................................................................... 296 17 279 6,686 586 6,100 116 23 93

Science education ....................................................................... 777 379 398 577 312 265 73 53 20

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 371 9 362 49 4 45 0 0 0

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 103 24 79 459 146 313 5 4 1

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,041 661 380 1,599 553 1,046 78 43 35

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 62,375 57,201 5,174 15,495 14,544 951 2,506 2,423 83

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 53,021 48,174 4,847 15,227 14,294 933 2,500 2,417 83

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 4,110 3,675 435 1,430 1,332 98 219 207 12

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 1,386 1,320 66 372 355 17 95 95 0

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 721 676 45 143 136 7 47 46 1

Architectural engineering 334 296 38 19 19 0 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 422 328 94 189 166 23 50 48 2
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 165

Table 24.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1978–79—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 180 135 45 53 47 6 16 15 1

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 5,568 4,579 989 1,149 1,035 114 304 296 8

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 9,809 8,865 944 2,646 2,503 143 253 249 4

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 12,338 11,682 656 3,591 3,449 142 586 572 14

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 189 172 17 134 128 6 80 77 3

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 269 230 39 89 85 4 40 40 0

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 308 252 56 491 420 71 42 39 3

Geological engineering ................................................................... 191 162 29 27 25 2 3 3 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 36 33 3 16 16 0 1 1 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 2,785 2,358 427 1,502 1,374 128 149 135 14

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 338 282 56 241 209 32 107 100 7

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 10,107 9,505 602 1,877 1,810 67 271 268 3

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 503 422 81 198 185 13 56 56 0

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 600 565 35 92 89 3 9 9 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 562 555 7 73 71 2 3 3 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 513 489 24 401 384 17 91 86 5

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 160 153 7 96 95 1 24 24 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 787 738 49 127 121 6 24 20 4

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 100 76 24 20 18 2 8 8 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 705 626 79 251 222 29 22 20 2

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 9,354 9,027 327 268 250 18 6 6 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 9,354 9,027 327 268 250 18 6 6 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 33,561 12,198 21,363 6,684 2,369 4,315 1,314 708 606

English language and literature, general ........................................ 26,661 9,353 17,308 4,996 1,778 3,218 957 499 458

Comparative literature .................................................................... 343 113 230 181 62 119 128 69 59

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 305 107 198 242 119 123 5 1 4

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 5,639 2,353 3,286 1,206 389 817 202 124 78

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 613 272 341 59 21 38 22 15 7

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 12,821 3,234 9,587 3,031 1,001 2,030 831 401 430

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,410 386 1024 949 341 608 316 146 170

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 825 209 616 447 135 312 173 72 101

Linguistics .................................................................................... 585 177 408 502 206 296 143 74 69

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 200 79 121 31 16 15 13 11 2

Chinese ....................................................................................... 91 38 53 22 11 11 12 11 1

Japanese ..................................................................................... 109 41 68 9 5 4 1 0 1

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 512 193 319 108 53 55 38 18 20

Russian ....................................................................................... 465 173 292 51 23 28 9 3 6

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 47 20 27 57 30 27 29 15 14

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 1,565 502 1,063 355 130 225 110 49 61

German ....................................................................................... 1,524 491 1,033 344 127 217 106 49 57

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 41 11 30 11 3 8 4 0 4

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 0 0 0 5 2 3 1 0 1

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 8,357 1,702 6,655 1,356 321 1,035 275 124 151

French ......................................................................................... 3,558 595 2,963 576 114 462 143 53 90

Italian ........................................................................................... 236 60 176 60 24 36 14 11 3

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 4,563 1,047 3,516 720 183 537 118 60 58

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 72 20 52 36 28 8 15 13 2

Arabic .......................................................................................... 4 1 3 4 3 1 5 4 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 68 19 49 32 25 7 10 9 1

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
166 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 24.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1978–79—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 622 325 297 147 86 61 51 33 18

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 411 203 208 103 56 47 47 31 16

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 101 65 36 20 14 6 3 1 2

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 110 57 53 24 16 8 1 1 0

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 83 27 56 44 24 20 12 7 5

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 62,085 11,205 50,880 15,485 4,494 10,991 718 454 264

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,554 257 3,297 3,474 315 3,159 113 53 60

Community health liason ................................................................ 506 239 267 2,435 1,081 1,354 169 104 65

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 0 0 0 408 362 46 28 26 2

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,269 16 1,253 35 7 28 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 2,014 532 1,482 1,737 1,074 663 16 12 4

Health care and services administration ..................................... 1,338 474 864 1,736 1,073 663 16 12 4

Medical records administration ................................................... 676 58 618 1 1 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 5,625 1,292 4,333 328 157 171 6 5 1

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 5,625 1,292 4,333 328 157 171 6 5 1

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 60 45 15 24 20 4

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 266 44 222 704 271 433 13 7 6

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 266 44 222 704 271 433 13 7 6

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 31,448 1,785 29,663 4,231 168 4,063 68 3 65

Optometry ....................................................................................... 205 150 55 6 6 0 1 1 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 6,752 4,131 2,621 330 241 89 104 81 23

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 4,224 662 3,562 488 111 377 2 1 1

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,604 90 1,514 246 23 223 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,620 572 2,048 242 88 154 2 1 1

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 0 0 0 136 107 29 57 52 5

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 6,222 2,097 4,125 1,113 549 564 117 89 28

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 18,300 890 17,410 2,510 222 2,288 219 71 148

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 16,882 611 16,271 2,397 215 2,182 202 68 134

Home economics, general .............................................................. 6,142 102 6,040 850 32 818 74 12 62

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 3,312 157 3,155 612 112 500 78 44 34

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 3,063 216 2,847 687 45 642 29 8 21

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 3,114 60 3,054 134 3 131 18 4 14

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,251 76 1,175 114 23 91 3 0 3

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,418 279 1,139 113 7 106 17 3 14

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 908 63 845 61 0 61 17 3 14

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 510 216 294 52 7 45 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 678 404 274 1,647 1,392 255 46 39 7

Law, general ................................................................................... 657 400 257 1,467 1,243 224 46 39 7

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 21 4 17 180 149 31 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 22,750 10,580 12,170 2,452 1,196 1,256 367 241 126
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 167

Table 24.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1978–79—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 22,750 10580 12170 2,452 1196 1256 367 241 126

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 19,524 9,208 10,316 1,251 523 728 264 193 71

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 3,226 1,372 1,854 1,201 673 528 103 48 55

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 558 30 528 5,906 1,159 4,747 70 34 36

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 542 28 514 5,810 1,136 4,674 66 31 35

Library science, other ..................................................................... 16 2 14 96 23 73 4 3 1

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 12,329 7,301 5,028 3,553 2,412 1,141 769 644 125

Mathematics .................................................................................... 10,974 6,341 4,633 2,245 1,410 835 533 448 85

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,008 744 264 721 578 143 92 83 9

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 485 342 143 204 151 53 53 47 6

Operations research .................................................................... 523 402 121 517 427 90 39 36 3

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 214 132 82 532 380 152 142 112 30

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 133 84 49 55 44 11 2 1 1

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 11,404 6,534 4,870 2,134 1,611 523 342 263 79

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,559 2,353 1,206 341 223 118 51 46 5

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 7,845 4,181 3,664 1,793 1,388 405 291 217 74

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 5,981 2,575 3,406 755 361 394 25 19 6

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 5,981 2,575 3,406 755 361 394 25 19 6

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 7,347 5,095 2,252 1,143 670 473 415 322 93

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,776 2,747 1,029 517 381 136 258 204 54

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 3,571 2,348 1,223 626 289 337 157 118 39

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 23,207 17,985 5,222 5,451 4,461 990 3,102 2,752 350

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 23,207 17,985 5,222 5,451 4,461 990 3,102 2,752 350

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 1,143 925 218 168 132 36 42 37 5

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 93 73 20 97 82 15 65 61 4

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 27 27 0 19 19 0 16 16 0

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 326 289 37 181 165 16 51 50 1

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 11,509 8,458 3,051 1,757 1,312 445 1,516 1,286 230

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 11,479 8,431 3,048 1,667 1,243 424 1,396 1,184 212

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 3 3 0 9 9 0 15 11 4

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 5 4 1 12 10 2

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 1 1 0 27 18 9 26 23 3

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 10 9 1 33 23 10 41 35 6

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 16 14 2 16 15 1 26 23 3

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 4,502 3,444 1,058 1,300 1,058 242 286 259 27

Geology ....................................................................................... 4,333 3,305 1,028 1,204 976 228 222 201 21

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 7 5 2 12 10 2 15 14 1

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 162 134 28 84 72 12 49 44 5

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,569 1,200 369 472 388 84 170 154 16

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 24 23 1 37 34 3 18 18 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 287 251 36 161 137 24 83 75 8

Earth science .............................................................................. 962 708 254 134 106 28 40 37 3

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 296 218 78 140 111 29 29 24 5

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,337 2,938 399 1,319 1,184 135 918 852 66

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,301 2,919 382 1,301 1,172 129 907 843 64

Physics, other .............................................................................. 36 19 17 18 12 6 11 9 2

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 701 631 70 138 121 17 38 37 1

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 14,803 10,307 4,496 1,729 1,346 383 15 14 1

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 14,803 10,307 4,496 1,729 1,346 383 15 14 1

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 14,803 10,307 4,496 1,729 1,346 383 15 14 1

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 42,697 16,540 26,157 10,132 4,405 5,727 3,228 1,895 1,333

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 41,252 16,023 25,229 4,728 2,330 2,398 1,967 1,174 793

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 34 15 19 492 215 277 277 180 97

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 96 37 59 2,115 847 1,268 199 109 90

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 292 48 244 203 66 137 40 21 19

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 44 21 23 58 36 22 78 54 24

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 38 18 20 87 56 31 12 7 5
168 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 24.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1978–79—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 31 17 14 1 0 1 18 12 6

Social psychology ........................................................................... 327 150 177 181 80 101 62 35 27

School psychology .......................................................................... 236 76 160 2,129 733 1,396 566 298 268

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 347 135 212 138 42 96 9 5 4

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 17,328 4,938 12,390 17,306 8,051 9,255 315 215 100

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,806 581 1,225 512 285 227 36 23 13

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,117 1,431 686 6,558 4,634 1,924 138 114 24

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 12,810 2,502 10,308 9,816 2,852 6,964 136 75 61

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 595 424 171 420 280 140 5 3 2

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 114 114 0 38 38 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 48 48 0 38 38 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 66 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 108,059 62,852 45,207 12,963 8,395 4,568 3,371 2,501 870

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 10,399 5,719 4,680 1,384 833 551 102 66 36

Anthropology ................................................................................... 3,984 1,543 2,441 830 407 423 366 210 156

Archeology ...................................................................................... 85 31 54 37 13 24 11 7 4

Criminology ..................................................................................... 2,754 1,786 968 230 170 60 6 4 2

Demography and population studies .............................................. 1 1 0 22 8 14 10 6 4

Economics ...................................................................................... 16,409 11,899 4,510 1,955 1,564 391 712 619 93

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,577 2516 1061 621 444 177 136 114 22

Geography ................................................................................... 3,577 2,516 1,061 621 444 177 136 114 22

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 21,019 13,283 7,736 2,536 1,550 986 756 551 205

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,725 939 786 1,002 700 302 63 47 16

Political science and government, general ..................................... 25,628 17,077 8,551 2,037 1,479 558 563 464 99

Sociology ........................................................................................ 20,285 7,037 13,248 1,415 745 670 612 391 221

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 1,349 675 674 724 420 304 14 12 2

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 844 346 498 170 62 108 20 10 10

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 6,091 4,528 1,563 3,558 2,418 1,140 1,232 1,175 57

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 47 44 3 36 29 7 1 1 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,747 945 802 1,073 511 562 29 24 5

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 277 151 126 158 103 55 8 7 1

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 3,781 3,220 561 2,125 1,677 448 1,157 1,112 45

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 239 168 71 166 98 68 37 31 6

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,384 1161 223 134 130 4 3 2 1

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 233 221 12 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,151 940 211 134 130 4 3 2 1

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 40,969 15,380 25,589 8,524 3,933 4,591 700 454 246

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 4,851 1,739 3,112 586 255 331 29 17 12

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 808 68 740 247 28 219 5 0 5

Design and applied art ................................................................... 3,822 1,201 2,621 328 146 182 2 1 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,016 2,063 2,953 1,159 573 586 86 50 36

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,697 1,202 495 222 147 75 7 5 2

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 692 478 214 150 106 44 6 4 2

Photography ................................................................................ 1,005 724 281 72 41 31 1 1 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 15,346 4,745 10,601 2,536 1,079 1,457 128 53 75

Art, general .................................................................................. 13,264 4,354 8,910 2,132 986 1,146 9 3 6

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 2,082 391 1,691 404 93 311 119 50 69

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 8,999 4,207 4,792 3,307 1,653 1,654 443 328 115

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 183 67 116 117 62 55 40 30 10

Music, general performance ....................................................... 5,560 2,679 2,881 2,589 1,299 1,290 327 244 83

Music theory and composition .................................................... 3,256 1,461 1,795 601 292 309 76 54 22

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 430 155 275 139 52 87 0 0 0

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1978–79’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 169

Table 25.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1979–80

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 929,417 473,611 455,806 298,081 150,749 147,332 32,615 22,943 9,672

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 22,802 16,045 6,757 3,976 3,082 894 991 879 112

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 11,056 8,152 2,904 1,823 1,460 363 461 422 39

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 7,507 6,030 1,477 1,370 1,137 233 364 337 27

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 2,243 1,723 520 328 274 54 26 25 1

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 3,249 2,597 652 479 397 82 174 162 12

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,780 1,498 282 561 464 97 164 150 14

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 235 212 23 2 2 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 2,380 1,216 1,164 271 185 86 83 73 10

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 1,169 906 263 182 138 44 14 12 2

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 5,912 3,434 2,478 1,141 819 322 340 288 52

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 4,046 2,286 1,760 589 457 132 173 155 18

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,684 2,031 1,653 472 368 104 136 122 14

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 251 179 72 68 49 19 25 24 1

Poultry science ............................................................................ 111 76 35 49 40 9 12 9 3

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 824 394 430 337 178 159 94 69 25

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 311 248 63 63 52 11 17 16 1

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 311 248 63 63 52 11 17 16 1

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 731 506 225 152 132 20 56 48 8

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 5,834 4,459 1,375 1,012 803 209 190 169 21

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 1,936 1,293 643 235 180 55 30 25 5

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 207 182 25 16 15 1 8 8 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,377 1,981 396 437 351 86 80 72 8

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,314 1,003 311 324 257 67 72 64 8

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,132 6,596 2,536 3,139 2,245 894 79 66 13

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,465 4,539 926 1,425 1,132 293 24 21 3

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 943 639 304 135 84 51 2 2 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 902 86 816 83 54 29 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 1,006 702 304 216 140 76 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 398 292 106 1,185 784 401 52 42 10

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 418 338 80 95 51 44 1 1 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 2,840 1,125 1,715 852 442 410 151 99 52

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,119 832 1,287 640 341 299 118 74 44

African studies ............................................................................. 13 7 6 15 10 5 6 4 2

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,288 471 817 199 70 129 78 44 34

Latin American studies ................................................................ 277 98 179 130 69 61 3 3 0

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 34 16 18 43 33 10 10 9 1

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 96 38 58 44 24 20 0 0 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 348 182 166 187 118 69 21 14 7

European studies ........................................................................ 63 20 43 18 16 2 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 0 0 0 4 1 3 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 351 142 209 80 39 41 6 4 2

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 261 102 159 59 32 27 6 4 2

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 79 36 43 21 7 14 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 11 4 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 370 151 219 132 62 70 27 21 6

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 46,370 26,828 19,542 6,510 4,098 2,412 3,636 2,690 946

Biology, general .............................................................................. 33,523 19,145 14,378 2,911 1,855 1,056 718 517 201

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,789 1,171 618 318 207 111 565 424 141

Botany, total .................................................................................... 820 410 410 489 305 184 274 224 50

Botany, general ........................................................................... 724 358 366 300 177 123 161 125 36

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 70 40 30 171 115 56 104 91 13

Botany, other ............................................................................... 26 12 14 18 13 5 9 8 1

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 304 188 116 53 28 25 93 57 36

Cell biology .................................................................................. 50 26 24 32 15 17 21 14 7
170 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 25.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1979–80—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 254 162 92 21 13 8 72 43 29

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,631 1,281 1,350 596 333 263 376 250 126

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,624 1,025 599 867 505 362 495 342 153

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 1 1 0 90 65 25 144 102 42

Ecology ........................................................................................ 867 550 317 199 132 67 54 47 7

Marine biology ............................................................................. 450 334 116 104 81 23 13 10 3

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 64 40 24 17 10 7 41 25 16

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 116 31 85 171 56 115 68 39 29

Toxicology ................................................................................... 36 23 13 43 33 10 15 12 3

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 73 35 38 124 55 69 124 80 44

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 15 10 5 95 51 44 29 21 8

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 2 1 1 24 22 2 7 6 1

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 4,374 2,845 1,529 1,078 753 325 955 764 191

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 3,653 2,350 1,303 431 298 133 245 199 46

Entomology ................................................................................. 262 204 58 253 199 54 154 131 23

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 40 23 17 72 39 33 103 80 23

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 33 18 15 84 58 26 213 160 53

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 386 250 136 238 159 79 240 194 46

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,305 763 542 198 112 86 160 112 48

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 184,867 122,508 62,359 54,484 42,288 12,196 753 642 111

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 162,714 108,819 53,895 52,533 40,942 11,591 718 611 107

Business, general ........................................................................... 34,457 22,920 11,537 10,650 8,167 2,483 113 98 15

Business administration and management, total ........................... 61,593 42,662 18,931 30,186 23,905 6,281 410 351 59

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 61,593 42,662 18,931 30,186 23,905 6,281 410 351 59

Accounting ...................................................................................... 42,712 27,295 15,417 3,456 2,499 957 51 42 9

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,620 64 1,556 7 0 7 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,533 1,841 692 307 239 68 48 42 6

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 11,727 8,725 3,002 3,748 2,916 832 41 35 6

Finance, general ......................................................................... 11,019 8,191 2,828 3,604 2,796 808 37 32 5

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 561 438 123 40 32 8 4 3 1

Investments and securities ......................................................... 147 96 51 104 88 16 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 1,714 1,197 517 76 61 15 1 1 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 3,461 2,095 1,366 1,820 1,350 470 23 17 6

Human resources management .................................................. 2,109 1,277 832 1,035 799 236 9 7 2

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,352 818 534 785 551 234 14 10 4

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 493 267 226 1,220 915 305 8 7 1

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 256 161 95 99 68 31 10 6 4

Business statistics ....................................................................... 256 161 95 99 68 31 10 6 4

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 866 736 130 86 75 11 3 3 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 1,282 856 426 878 747 131 10 9 1

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 22,153 13,689 8,464 1,951 1,346 605 35 31 4

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 22,153 13,689 8,464 1,951 1,346 605 35 31 4

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 28,616 13,656 14,960 3,082 1,527 1,555 193 121 72

Communications, total ........................................................................ 26,927 12,727 14,200 2,911 1,422 1,489 182 112 70

Communications, general ............................................................... 11,588 5,258 6,330 1,558 744 814 139 83 56

Advertising ...................................................................................... 1,940 777 1,163 118 52 66 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 12,939 6,441 6,498 1,108 550 558 40 27 13

Journalism ................................................................................... 8,457 3,662 4,795 866 400 466 30 21 9

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 4,482 2,779 1,703 242 150 92 10 6 4

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 460 251 209 127 76 51 3 2 1

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,689 929 760 171 105 66 11 9 2

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 1,689 929 760 171 105 66 11 9 2

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 11,154 7,782 3,372 3,647 2,883 764 240 213 27
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 171

Table 25.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1979–80—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 9,118 6,407 2,711 3,324 2,626 698 220 197 23

Computer programming .................................................................. 148 96 52 0 0 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 580 398 182 6 6 0 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 1,210 815 395 265 210 55 18 15 3

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 38 23 15 25 20 5 1 1 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 60 43 17 27 21 6 1 0 1

Education, total ...................................................................................... 118,038 30,901 87,137 101,819 30,300 71,519 7,314 4,100 3,214

Education, general .......................................................................... 3,816 880 2,936 13,296 3,979 9,317 1,321 694 627

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 268 17 251 3,957 1,083 2,874 751 370 381

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 263 77 186 24,017 10,681 13,336 2,196 1,390 806

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 61 19 42 10,786 6,287 4,499 1,532 1,027 505

Administration of special education ............................................ 8 0 8 34 15 19 15 10 5

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 194 58 136 13,197 4,379 8,818 649 353 296

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 43 3 40 205 63 142 76 43 33

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 2 0 2 62 26 36 52 29 23

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 41 3 38 143 37 106 24 14 10

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 37 7 30 449 200 249 209 122 87

Special education, total .................................................................. 14,480 1,280 13,200 13,245 1,949 11,296 307 132 175

Special education, general .......................................................... 8,897 853 8,044 8,979 1,317 7,662 260 111 149

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 378 14 364 376 60 316 1 1 0

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 17 0 17 46 5 41 2 0 2

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 463 40 423 553 106 447 3 1 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 2,066 208 1,858 790 155 635 8 6 2

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 72 2 70 80 13 67 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 117 19 98 60 13 47 2 0 2

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 76 5 71 104 25 79 1 0 1

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 875 60 815 1,479 174 1,305 22 9 13

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 1,399 67 1,332 503 31 472 4 1 3

Special education, other ............................................................. 120 12 108 275 50 225 4 3 1

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 50,604 5,886 44,718 24,808 4,732 20,076 1,184 630 554

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 49 11 38 948 318 630 140 86 54

Elementary education ................................................................. 42,042 4,301 37,741 15,891 1,833 14,058 214 77 137

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 338 74 264 93 29 64 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,865 149 4,716 1,660 51 1,609 45 7 38

Secondary education .................................................................. 3,305 1,349 1,956 5,492 2,142 3,350 196 112 84

General teacher education, other ............................................... 5 2 3 724 359 365 589 348 241

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 47,191 22,185 25,006 19,330 6,806 12,524 1,088 624 464

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 1,058 892 166 287 230 57 29 28 1

Art education ............................................................................... 2,606 598 2,008 780 185 595 41 19 22

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 3,875 675 3,200 1,307 264 1,043 61 32 29

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 132 115 17 231 196 35 4 4 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 2,377 646 1,731 1,033 328 705 60 25 35

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 2,078 10 2,068 481 23 458 10 0 10

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 6,539 5,765 774 2,484 1,767 717 281 181 100

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 762 310 452 512 211 301 38 23 15

Music education .......................................................................... 6,220 2,605 3,615 1,149 529 620 105 73 32

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 20,316 10,241 10,075 4,126 2,160 1,966 262 155 107

Reading education ...................................................................... 335 17 318 6,299 582 5,717 124 34 90

Science education ....................................................................... 672 309 363 591 328 263 73 50 23

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 221 2 219 50 3 47 0 0 0

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 67 26 41 498 145 353 1 0 1

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,269 540 729 2,014 662 1,352 181 95 86

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 68,893 62,488 6,405 16,243 15,101 1,142 2,507 2,412 95

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 58,402 52,487 5,915 15,904 14,782 1,122 2,502 2,407 95

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 3,977 3,499 478 1,597 1,484 113 282 260 22

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 1,424 1,342 82 382 373 9 99 98 1

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 745 691 54 152 146 6 61 60 1

Architectural engineering 319 277 42 43 39 4 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 395 296 99 209 180 29 49 47 2
172 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 25.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1979–80—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 253 207 46 36 34 2 18 18 0

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 6,320 5,113 1,207 1,270 1,137 133 284 269 15

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 10,326 9,349 977 2,683 2,486 197 270 264 6

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 13,821 12,923 898 3,836 3,652 184 525 511 14

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 157 146 11 134 125 9 63 61 2

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 254 236 18 52 49 3 18 16 2

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 285 231 54 472 408 64 39 37 2

Geological engineering ................................................................... 222 182 40 36 32 4 2 2 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 56 47 9 16 16 0 4 4 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,175 2,636 539 1,313 1,180 133 116 109 7

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 429 352 77 319 284 35 120 113 7

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 11,808 10,927 881 2,060 1,962 98 281 277 4

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 585 485 100 211 190 21 82 77 5

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 682 631 51 87 84 3 7 6 1

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 552 538 14 64 64 0 7 7 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 495 453 42 365 346 19 101 100 1

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 167 151 16 102 97 5 8 8 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 893 821 72 122 111 11 25 25 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 55 38 17 8 8 0 0 0 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,007 916 91 335 295 40 41 38 3

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 10,491 10,001 490 339 319 20 5 5 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 10,491 10,001 490 339 319 20 5 5 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 32,541 11,380 21,161 6,189 2,233 3,956 1,294 686 608

English language and literature, general ........................................ 25,608 8,607 17,001 4,602 1,619 2,983 985 512 473

Comparative literature .................................................................... 354 143 211 163 52 111 98 51 47

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 272 99 173 260 130 130 4 0 4

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 5,630 2,274 3,356 1,060 381 679 171 103 68

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 677 257 420 104 51 53 36 20 16

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 12,089 3,048 9,041 2,854 929 1,925 755 358 397

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,241 329 912 915 331 584 292 150 142

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 689 195 494 394 124 270 130 57 73

Linguistics .................................................................................... 552 134 418 521 207 314 162 93 69

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 187 71 116 47 25 22 11 6 5

Chinese ....................................................................................... 79 38 41 33 19 14 7 5 2

Japanese ..................................................................................... 108 33 75 14 6 8 4 1 3

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 455 177 278 111 53 58 31 12 19

Russian ....................................................................................... 402 156 246 60 30 30 6 1 5

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 53 21 32 51 23 28 25 11 14

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 1,506 515 991 313 118 195 98 49 49

German ....................................................................................... 1,466 502 964 309 116 193 94 46 48

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 40 13 27 4 2 2 4 3 1

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 7,888 1,589 6,299 1,247 276 971 240 84 156

French ......................................................................................... 3,285 567 2,718 513 92 421 128 41 87

Italian ........................................................................................... 272 70 202 49 17 32 9 3 6

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 4,331 952 3,379 685 167 518 103 40 63

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 91 36 55 40 32 8 12 9 3

Arabic .......................................................................................... 13 5 8 2 0 2 5 2 3

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 78 31 47 38 32 6 5 5 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 173

Table 25.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1979–80—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 576 274 302 120 70 50 52 38 14

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 404 183 221 97 56 41 44 31 13

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 77 48 29 9 6 3 6 5 1

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 95 43 52 14 8 6 2 2 0

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 145 57 88 61 24 37 19 10 9

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 63,920 11,391 52,529 15,704 4,357 11,347 786 435 351

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 105 88 17 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,576 257 3,319 3,290 247 3,043 110 54 56

Community health liason ................................................................ 586 239 347 2,574 1,197 1,377 182 104 78

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 75 64 11 382 335 47 10 4 6

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,240 19 1,221 30 8 22 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 2,349 589 1,760 1,683 971 712 13 9 4

Health care and services administration ..................................... 1,692 538 1,154 1,683 971 712 13 9 4

Medical records administration ................................................... 657 51 606 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 5,558 1,202 4,356 278 114 164 7 6 1

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 5,558 1,202 4,356 278 114 164 7 6 1

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 69 54 15 38 31 7

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 313 55 258 636 226 410 15 11 4

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 313 55 258 636 226 410 15 11 4

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 32,441 1,785 30,656 4,616 172 4,444 118 2 116

Optometry ....................................................................................... 392 315 77 9 8 1 2 2 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 6,974 4,179 2,795 380 263 117 89 73 16

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 4,004 598 3,406 487 91 396 2 1 1

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,666 76 1,590 205 12 193 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,338 522 1,816 282 79 203 2 1 1

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 0 0 0 148 104 44 67 51 16

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 6,307 2,001 4,306 1,122 567 555 133 87 46

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 18,411 861 17,550 2,690 234 2,456 192 46 146

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 17,150 599 16,551 2,542 220 2,322 174 45 129

Home economics, general .............................................................. 6,183 126 6,057 871 26 845 71 13 58

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 3,263 162 3,101 692 122 570 56 23 33

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 3,167 191 2,976 756 54 702 31 6 25

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 3,254 63 3,191 127 5 122 13 1 12

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,283 57 1,226 96 13 83 3 2 1

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,261 262 999 148 14 134 18 1 17

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 706 44 662 91 2 89 17 1 16

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 555 218 337 57 12 45 1 0 1

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 683 372 311 1,817 1,531 286 40 36 4

Law, general ................................................................................... 621 350 271 1,083 900 183 37 33 4

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 62 22 40 734 631 103 3 3 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 23,196 10,666 12,530 2,646 1,265 1,381 192 133 59
174 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 25.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1979–80—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 23,196 10,666 12,530 2,646 1,265 1,381 192 133 59

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 20,069 9,389 10,680 1,373 540 833 106 82 24

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 3,127 1,277 1,850 1,273 725 548 86 51 35

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 398 20 378 5,374 1,004 4,370 73 35 38

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 387 20 367 5,296 989 4,307 65 29 36

Library science, other ..................................................................... 11 0 11 78 15 63 8 6 2

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 11,872 6,951 4,921 3,382 2,262 1,120 763 659 104

Mathematics .................................................................................... 10,492 6,011 4,481 2,087 1,272 815 552 481 71

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 890 641 249 701 561 140 80 74 6

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 396 252 144 179 127 52 41 39 2

Operations research .................................................................... 494 389 105 522 434 88 39 35 4

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 247 143 104 495 362 133 115 91 24

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 243 156 87 99 67 32 16 13 3

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 11,277 6,531 4,746 2,306 1,596 710 209 150 59

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,105 2,146 959 318 214 104 30 25 5

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 8,172 4,385 3,787 1,988 1,382 606 179 125 54

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 5,753 2,401 3,352 647 297 350 21 13 8

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 5,753 2,401 3,352 647 297 350 21 13 8

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 7,069 4,802 2,267 1,204 719 485 374 297 77

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,695 2,647 1,048 509 389 120 246 187 59

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 3,374 2,155 1,219 695 330 365 128 110 18

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 23,410 17,864 5,546 5,219 4,248 971 3,089 2,705 384

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 23,410 17,864 5,546 5,219 4,248 971 3,089 2,705 384

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 1,024 805 219 125 102 23 20 20 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 96 80 16 70 61 9 72 65 7

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 26 18 8 9 9 0 20 18 2

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 367 325 42 170 156 14 66 60 6

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 11,232 8,050 3,182 1,723 1,279 444 1,545 1,287 258

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 11,214 8,035 3,179 1,615 1,194 421 1,413 1,179 234

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 2 0 2 8 6 2 15 15 0

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 10 9 1 7 5 2 19 14 5

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 0 0 0 25 23 2 30 25 5

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 3 3 0 52 38 14 45 36 9

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 3 3 0 16 13 3 23 18 5

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 4,597 3,466 1,131 1,295 1,058 237 313 287 26

Geology ....................................................................................... 4,439 3,334 1,105 1,192 973 219 260 238 22

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 4 4 0 8 7 1 10 10 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 154 128 26 95 78 17 43 39 4

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,615 1,240 375 445 346 99 156 142 14

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 36 32 4 32 31 1 12 12 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 252 198 54 142 115 27 79 71 8

Earth science .............................................................................. 931 699 232 183 125 58 46 42 4

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 396 311 85 88 75 13 19 17 2

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,396 2,962 434 1,192 1,074 118 830 767 63

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,296 2,898 398 1,177 1,063 114 818 756 62

Physics, other .............................................................................. 100 64 36 15 11 4 12 11 1

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 1,057 918 139 190 163 27 67 59 8

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 15,015 9,995 5,020 1,805 1,413 392 18 15 3

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 15,015 9,995 5,020 1,805 1,413 392 18 15 3

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 15,015 9,995 5,020 1,805 1,413 392 18 15 3

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 42,093 15,440 26,653 9,938 4,096 5,842 3,395 1,921 1,474

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 40,254 14,766 25,488 4,581 2,097 2,484 1,899 1,115 784

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 3 1 2 592 279 313 428 235 193

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 149 59 90 1,797 657 1,140 187 106 81

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 291 36 255 209 72 137 52 28 24

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 31 9 22 62 35 27 56 42 14

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 50 14 36 87 44 43 5 3 2
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 175

Table 25.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1979–80—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 31 12 19 11 8 3 18 9 9

Social psychology ........................................................................... 298 133 165 272 125 147 69 30 39

School psychology .......................................................................... 131 21 110 2,132 720 1,412 627 319 308

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 855 389 466 195 59 136 54 34 20

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 16,644 4,451 12,193 17,560 7,866 9,694 342 216 126

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,527 394 1,133 406 215 191 28 18 10

Public administration ....................................................................... 1,831 1,211 620 6,586 4,517 2,069 131 100 31

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 12,459 2,301 10,158 10,065 2,811 7,254 162 81 81

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 827 545 282 503 323 180 21 17 4

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 38 37 1 46 46 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 14 14 0 46 46 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 24 23 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 103,662 58,511 45,151 12,176 7,794 4,382 3,230 2,357 873

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 8,503 4,271 4,232 1,252 719 533 81 50 31

Anthropology ................................................................................... 3,592 1,337 2,255 832 379 453 359 194 165

Archeology ...................................................................................... 69 24 45 29 9 20 8 4 4

Criminology ..................................................................................... 2,453 1,472 981 243 199 44 8 8 0

Demography and population studies .............................................. 17 8 9 24 14 10 9 4 5

Economics ...................................................................................... 17,863 12,458 5,405 1,821 1,439 382 677 575 102

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,443 2,344 1,099 579 422 157 138 119 19

Geography ................................................................................... 3,443 2,344 1,099 579 422 157 138 119 19

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 19,301 12,069 7,232 2,367 1,451 916 712 524 188

International relations and affairs ................................................... 1,817 890 927 891 615 276 64 54 10

Political science and government, general ..................................... 25,457 16,315 9,142 1,938 1,423 515 535 428 107

Sociology ........................................................................................ 18,881 6,270 12,611 1,341 667 674 583 355 228

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 1,092 531 561 671 384 287 22 14 8

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 1,174 522 652 188 73 115 34 28 6

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 6,207 4,625 1,582 3,922 2,705 1,217 1,319 1,242 77

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 37 35 2 50 45 5 4 3 1

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,886 1,041 845 1,202 660 542 44 37 7

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 262 145 117 219 154 65 16 14 2

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 3,708 3,175 533 2,282 1,739 543 1,209 1,152 57

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 314 229 85 169 107 62 46 36 10

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,535 1,271 264 142 121 21 4 4 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 213 204 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,322 1,067 255 142 121 21 4 4 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 40,892 15,065 25,827 8,708 4,067 4,641 655 413 242

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 4,310 1,454 2,856 651 279 372 31 18 13

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 818 58 760 244 19 225 3 0 3

Design and applied art ................................................................... 4,163 1,320 2,843 315 149 166 1 1 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,191 2,122 3,069 1,117 575 542 91 58 33

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,616 1,144 472 217 157 60 2 2 0

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 579 414 165 132 97 35 1 1 0

Photography ................................................................................ 1,037 730 307 85 60 25 1 1 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 15,187 4,542 10,645 2,523 1,091 1,432 125 46 79

Art, general .................................................................................. 13,221 4,193 9,028 2,177 996 1,181 2 1 1

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 1,966 349 1,617 346 95 251 123 45 78

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 8,950 4,169 4,781 3,417 1,713 1,704 402 288 114

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 204 97 107 135 61 74 41 34 7

Music, general performance ....................................................... 5,405 2,577 2,828 2,663 1,336 1,327 289 203 86

Music theory and composition .................................................... 3,341 1,495 1,846 619 316 303 72 51 21

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 657 256 401 224 84 140 0 0 0

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1979–80’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
176 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 26.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1980–81

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 935,140 469,883 465,257 295,739 147,043 148,696 32,958 22,711 10,247

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 21,886 15,154 6,732 4,003 3,061 942 1,067 940 127

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 10,776 7,939 2,837 1,876 1,459 417 497 431 66

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 7,256 5,809 1,447 1,398 1,146 252 385 346 39

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 1,942 1,458 484 349 288 61 1 1 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 3,208 2,574 634 466 386 80 227 202 25

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,861 1,554 307 583 472 111 157 143 14

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 245 223 22 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 2,259 1,198 1,061 300 182 118 84 69 15

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 1,261 932 329 178 131 47 28 16 12

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 5,690 3,264 2,426 1,093 770 323 366 325 41

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 4,110 2,306 1,804 541 397 144 184 165 19

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,728 2,033 1,695 441 321 120 151 137 14

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 269 193 76 47 34 13 19 19 0

Poultry science ............................................................................ 113 80 33 53 42 11 14 9 5

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 758 370 388 317 179 138 86 69 17

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 242 187 55 85 70 15 22 22 0

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 242 187 55 85 70 15 22 22 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 580 401 179 150 124 26 74 69 5

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 5,420 3,951 1,469 1,034 832 202 204 184 20

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 1,735 1,090 645 223 157 66 34 31 3

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 166 148 18 18 10 8 10 9 1

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 2,140 1,708 432 491 408 83 109 100 9

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,379 1,005 374 302 257 45 51 44 7

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,455 6,800 2,655 3,153 2,234 919 93 73 20

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,851 4,778 1,073 1,550 1,231 319 19 16 3

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 1,067 736 331 85 49 36 5 4 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 874 108 766 20 4 16 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 993 686 307 227 129 98 1 1 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 424 288 136 1,171 775 396 61 45 16

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 246 204 42 100 46 54 7 7 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 2,887 1,148 1,739 804 398 406 162 103 59

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,224 883 1,341 660 325 335 134 84 50

African studies ............................................................................. 6 2 4 14 7 7 3 3 0

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,300 492 808 198 71 127 83 44 39

Latin American studies ................................................................ 251 96 155 106 57 49 2 1 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 30 15 15 56 39 17 20 16 4

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 111 51 60 56 29 27 1 1 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 423 201 222 193 102 91 21 17 4

European studies ........................................................................ 97 21 76 33 19 14 4 2 2

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 6 5 1 4 1 3 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 302 117 185 62 39 23 5 3 2

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 182 72 110 37 24 13 4 2 2

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 87 32 55 25 15 10 1 1 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 33 13 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 361 148 213 82 34 48 23 16 7

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 43,216 24,149 19,067 5,978 3,654 2,324 3,718 2,666 1,052

Biology, general .............................................................................. 31,323 17,260 14,063 2,598 1,619 979 734 502 232

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,896 1,226 670 299 193 106 541 385 156

Botany, total .................................................................................... 753 351 402 433 266 167 297 231 66

Botany, general ........................................................................... 679 307 372 254 145 109 169 120 49

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 53 34 19 161 109 52 91 77 14

Botany, other ............................................................................... 21 10 11 18 12 6 37 34 3

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 299 171 128 49 38 11 110 73 37

Cell biology .................................................................................. 40 19 21 24 19 5 35 23 12
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 177

Table 26.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1980–81—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 259 152 107 25 19 6 75 50 25

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,414 1,130 1,284 482 252 230 370 249 121

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,558 933 625 856 459 397 556 396 160

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 0 0 0 61 42 19 143 99 44

Ecology ........................................................................................ 733 442 291 229 163 66 80 63 17

Marine biology ............................................................................. 465 334 131 74 57 17 15 14 1

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 75 55 20 7 5 2 49 39 10

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 138 25 113 212 52 160 78 46 32

Toxicology ................................................................................... 51 29 22 66 48 18 11 10 1

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 74 38 36 108 36 72 130 88 42

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 22 10 12 74 38 36 41 32 9

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 0 0 0 25 18 7 9 5 4

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 3,946 2,485 1,461 1,090 730 360 946 728 218

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 3,328 2,082 1,246 386 244 142 222 164 58

Entomology ................................................................................. 242 182 60 238 182 56 133 123 10

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 46 20 26 103 62 41 108 79 29

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 27 21 6 106 57 49 225 170 55

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 303 180 123 257 185 72 258 192 66

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,027 593 434 171 97 74 164 102 62

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 198,983 125,523 73,460 57,391 42,980 14,411 795 675 120

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 174,382 111,065 63,317 55,373 41,690 13,683 757 644 113

Business, general ........................................................................... 36,706 22,995 13,711 8,900 6,607 2,293 122 107 15

Business administration and management, total ........................... 68,609 45,136 23,473 33,786 25,738 8,048 431 359 72

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 68,609 45,136 23,473 33,786 25,738 8,048 431 359 72

Accounting ...................................................................................... 43,344 26,298 17,046 3,449 2,415 1,034 56 48 8

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,611 70 1,541 11 1 10 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,437 1,638 799 308 236 72 71 67 4

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 13,258 9,563 3,695 4,585 3,502 1,083 39 35 4

Finance, general ......................................................................... 12,471 8,964 3,507 4,433 3,379 1,054 36 32 4

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 606 474 132 39 30 9 3 3 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 181 125 56 113 93 20 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 2,107 1,427 680 100 63 37 2 2 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 3,820 2,225 1,595 1,778 1,227 551 18 12 6

Human resources management .................................................. 2,294 1,351 943 897 633 264 2 2 0

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,526 874 652 881 594 287 16 10 6

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 491 265 226 1,426 1,043 383 2 2 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 290 172 118 204 147 57 15 11 4

Business statistics ....................................................................... 290 172 118 204 147 57 15 11 4

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 893 725 168 87 74 13 1 1 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 816 551 265 739 637 102 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 24,601 14,458 10,143 2,018 1,290 728 38 31 7

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 24,601 14,458 10,143 2,018 1,290 728 38 31 7

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 31,282 14,179 17,103 3,105 1,448 1,657 182 107 75

Communications, total ........................................................................ 29,428 13,183 16,245 2,896 1,352 1,544 171 98 73

Communications, general ............................................................... 13,197 5,624 7,573 1,615 722 893 134 72 62

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,310 921 1,389 138 58 80 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 13,580 6,414 7,166 1,083 535 548 37 26 11

Journalism ................................................................................... 8,813 3,592 5,221 867 405 462 26 19 7

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 4,767 2,822 1,945 216 130 86 11 7 4

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 341 224 117 60 37 23 0 0 0

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,854 996 858 209 96 113 11 9 2

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 1,854 996 858 209 96 113 11 9 2

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 15,121 10,202 4,919 4,218 3,247 971 252 227 25
178 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 26.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1980–81—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 12,180 8,326 3,854 3,859 2,988 871 243 218 25

Computer programming .................................................................. 150 99 51 10 5 5 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 785 468 317 26 20 6 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 1,799 1,170 629 298 211 87 8 8 0

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 178 122 56 25 23 2 1 1 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 29 17 12 0 0 0 0 0 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 108,074 27,039 81,035 96,713 27,548 69,165 7,279 3,843 3,436

Education, general .......................................................................... 2,777 437 2,340 13,038 3,538 9,500 1,394 674 720

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 318 42 276 3,700 986 2,714 699 338 361

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 392 119 273 22,795 9,640 13,155 2,358 1,392 966

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 73 25 48 10,558 5,827 4,731 1,697 1,036 661

Administration of special education ............................................ 20 3 17 37 12 25 18 13 5

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 299 91 208 12,200 3,801 8,399 643 343 300

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 50 5 45 187 61 126 80 35 45

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 0 0 0 65 29 36 63 31 32

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 50 5 45 122 32 90 17 4 13

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 32 13 19 333 155 178 173 103 70

Special education, total .................................................................. 13,930 1,093 12,837 13,500 1,847 11,653 275 105 170

Special education, general .......................................................... 8,843 747 8,096 9,482 1,337 8,145 207 77 130

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 349 15 334 356 48 308 3 1 2

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 28 0 28 99 10 89 1 0 1

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 471 44 427 411 63 348 5 2 3

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 1,660 142 1,518 463 94 369 4 2 2

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 104 12 92 128 20 108 5 3 2

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 137 12 125 90 22 68 3 0 3

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 93 4 89 114 34 80 1 0 1

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 846 41 805 1,507 137 1,370 27 11 16

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 1,197 57 1,140 495 34 461 5 1 4

Special education, other ............................................................. 202 19 183 355 48 307 14 8 6

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 46,584 4,986 41,598 22,486 4,236 18,250 1,086 526 560

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 25 10 15 933 324 609 136 67 69

Elementary education ................................................................. 38,524 3,544 34,980 13,833 1,537 12,296 224 67 157

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 248 66 182 146 43 103 9 4 5

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,807 145 4,662 1,726 62 1,664 46 15 31

Secondary education .................................................................. 2,973 1,219 1,754 5,268 1,996 3,272 169 86 83

General teacher education, other ............................................... 7 2 5 580 274 306 502 287 215

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 43,022 19,886 23,136 18,485 6,339 12,146 1,034 564 470

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 955 787 168 233 188 45 22 13 9

Art education ............................................................................... 2,392 437 1,955 807 176 631 55 24 31

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 3,405 592 2,813 1,131 223 908 41 28 13

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 109 95 14 271 227 44 5 5 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 2,259 619 1,640 838 223 615 82 34 48

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 1,767 22 1,745 412 12 400 7 0 7

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 5,772 4,988 784 2,436 1,634 802 265 174 91

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 798 294 504 372 139 233 30 18 12

Music education .......................................................................... 5,332 2,256 3,076 1,127 517 610 68 40 28

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 19,095 9,525 9,570 4,219 2,244 1,975 222 139 83

Reading education ...................................................................... 370 13 357 6,096 503 5,593 151 33 118

Science education ....................................................................... 597 258 339 483 245 238 79 51 28

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 171 0 171 60 8 52 7 5 2

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 44 7 37 557 176 381 0 0 0

Education, other .............................................................................. 925 451 474 1,632 570 1,062 180 106 74

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 75,000 67,301 7,699 16,709 15,347 1,362 2,561 2,457 104

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 63,287 56,263 7,024 16,386 15,063 1,323 2,551 2,447 104

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 4,063 3,521 542 1,517 1,382 135 294 276 18

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 1,809 1,680 129 408 388 20 109 108 1

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 876 820 56 153 143 10 44 43 1

Architectural engineering 304 256 48 49 41 8 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 437 325 112 185 153 32 54 52 2
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 179

Table 26.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1980–81—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 291 234 57 60 50 10 19 17 2

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 6,527 5,275 1,252 1,267 1,104 163 300 287 13

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 10,678 9,557 1,121 2,891 2,684 207 325 316 9

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 14,938 13,842 1,096 3,901 3,680 221 535 515 20

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 185 170 15 126 115 11 57 56 1

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 284 260 24 57 55 2 26 26 0

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 275 216 59 485 384 101 34 33 1

Geological engineering ................................................................... 215 166 49 31 26 5 6 6 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 55 39 16 17 14 3 4 3 1

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,833 3,077 756 1,631 1,465 166 112 103 9

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 505 413 92 355 313 42 105 97 8

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 13,329 12,193 1,136 2,291 2,175 116 276 269 7

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 603 487 116 193 172 21 75 70 5

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 750 689 61 84 83 1 10 10 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 556 536 20 80 78 2 4 4 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 408 369 39 281 266 15 121 116 5

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 200 187 13 91 85 6 13 13 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 1,035 938 97 138 125 13 16 16 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 57 35 22 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,074 978 96 95 82 13 12 11 1

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 11,713 11,038 675 323 284 39 10 10 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 11,713 11,038 675 323 284 39 10 10 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 32,254 11,198 21,056 5,929 2,092 3,837 1,164 553 611

English language and literature, general ........................................ 24,938 8,353 16,585 4,415 1,564 2,851 872 406 466

Comparative literature .................................................................... 332 116 216 187 66 121 124 56 68

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 333 116 217 258 121 137 1 1 0

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 6,044 2,359 3,685 967 302 665 139 73 66

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 607 254 353 102 39 63 28 17 11

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 11,273 2,866 8,407 2,690 927 1,763 804 403 401

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,309 342 967 896 321 575 338 181 157

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 758 199 559 398 130 268 172 83 89

Linguistics .................................................................................... 551 143 408 498 191 307 166 98 68

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 196 81 115 36 14 22 7 4 3

Chinese ....................................................................................... 73 33 40 20 9 11 6 4 2

Japanese ..................................................................................... 123 48 75 16 5 11 1 0 1

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 452 176 276 125 60 65 32 14 18

Russian ....................................................................................... 409 161 248 68 33 35 8 2 6

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 43 15 28 57 27 30 24 12 12

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 1,331 399 932 304 121 183 81 38 43

German ....................................................................................... 1,286 385 901 294 119 175 79 37 42

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 45 14 31 10 2 8 2 1 1

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 1 1 0 2 2 0 4 4 0

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 7,253 1,523 5,730 1,117 301 816 259 115 144

French ......................................................................................... 3,178 552 2,626 460 92 368 115 35 80

Italian ........................................................................................... 205 60 145 65 23 42 13 8 5

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 3,870 911 2,959 592 186 406 131 72 59

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 59 23 36 36 29 7 1 1 0

Arabic .......................................................................................... 6 2 4 7 5 2 0 0 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 53 21 32 29 24 5 1 1 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
180 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 26.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1980–81—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 590 297 293 124 63 61 54 33 21

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 403 203 200 88 42 46 50 31 19

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 89 48 41 16 10 6 0 0 0

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 98 46 52 20 11 9 4 2 2

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 82 24 58 50 16 34 28 13 15

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 63,649 10,519 53,130 16,515 4,316 12,199 842 475 367

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 129 107 22 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,445 220 3,225 3,226 244 2,982 112 53 59

Community health liason ................................................................ 694 238 456 2,731 1,174 1,557 194 111 83

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 0 0 0 377 320 57 10 8 2

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,135 13 1,122 37 14 23 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 2,216 573 1,643 1,998 1,063 935 12 10 2

Health care and services administration ..................................... 1,581 538 1,043 1,996 1,063 933 12 10 2

Medical records administration ................................................... 635 35 600 2 0 2 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 5,376 1,073 4,303 268 111 157 4 3 1

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 5,376 1,073 4,303 268 111 157 4 3 1

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 51 40 11 35 22 13

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 301 55 246 511 165 346 15 6 9

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 301 55 246 511 165 346 15 6 9

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 32,794 1,654 31,140 5,096 197 4,899 113 4 109

Optometry ....................................................................................... 326 252 74 9 7 2 2 2 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 6,640 3,730 2,910 336 216 120 108 91 17

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 4,460 623 3,837 516 101 415 2 0 2

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,715 91 1,624 266 37 229 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,745 532 2,213 250 64 186 2 0 2

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 0 0 0 147 107 40 73 56 17

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 6,133 1,981 4,152 1,212 557 655 162 109 53

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 18,370 916 17,454 2,570 252 2,318 247 78 169

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 17,047 606 16,441 2,433 240 2,193 230 75 155

Home economics, general .............................................................. 5,802 128 5,674 836 30 806 73 11 62

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 3,304 158 3,146 651 108 543 97 43 54

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 3,235 209 3,026 748 81 667 44 16 28

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 3,250 48 3,202 114 6 108 9 1 8

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,456 63 1,393 84 15 69 7 4 3

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,323 310 1,013 137 12 125 17 3 14

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 739 60 679 78 2 76 17 3 14

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 584 250 334 59 10 49 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 776 388 388 1,832 1,506 326 60 56 4

Law, general ................................................................................... 755 381 374 1,517 1,247 270 60 56 4

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 21 7 14 315 259 56 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 21,643 9,709 11,934 2,375 1,194 1,181 121 61 60
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 181

Table 26.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1980–81—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 21,643 9,709 11,934 2,375 1,194 1,181 121 61 60

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 18,596 8,493 10,103 1,085 410 675 23 10 13

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 3,047 1,216 1,831 1,290 784 506 98 51 47

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 375 22 353 4,859 841 4,018 71 31 40

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 366 20 346 4,786 829 3,957 63 28 35

Library science, other ..................................................................... 9 2 7 73 12 61 8 3 5

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 11,433 6,614 4,819 3,074 2,106 968 775 656 119

Mathematics .................................................................................... 10,169 5,774 4,395 1,890 1,221 669 529 448 81

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 871 600 271 686 543 143 97 84 13

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 516 328 188 179 129 50 50 42 8

Operations research .................................................................... 355 272 83 507 414 93 47 42 5

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 226 131 95 467 323 144 144 122 22

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 167 109 58 31 19 12 5 2 3

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 12,848 7,175 5,673 2,144 1,527 617 158 109 49

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,591 2,297 1,294 284 178 106 41 38 3

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 9,257 4,878 4,379 1,860 1,349 511 117 71 46

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 5,729 2,223 3,506 643 303 340 42 30 12

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 5,729 2,223 3,506 643 303 340 42 30 12

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 6,776 4,556 2,220 1,229 728 501 410 328 82

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,643 2,580 1,063 469 356 113 280 224 56

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 3,133 1,976 1,157 760 372 388 130 104 26

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 23,952 18,064 5,888 5,284 4,200 1,084 3,141 2,765 376

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 23,952 18,064 5,888 5,284 4,200 1,084 3,141 2,765 376

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 958 772 186 98 75 23 23 21 2

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 98 79 19 51 44 7 77 69 8

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 31 24 7 7 5 2 13 13 0

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 359 302 57 174 154 20 52 49 3

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 11,347 7,953 3,394 1,654 1,184 470 1,622 1,371 251

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 11,282 7,907 3,375 1,557 1,113 444 1,501 1,273 228

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 3 2 1 15 7 8 19 15 4

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 24 15 9 11 7 4 12 8 4

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 4 0 4 22 20 2 31 22 9

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 16 12 4 38 28 10 36 32 4

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 18 17 1 11 9 2 23 21 2

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 5,202 3,899 1,303 1,396 1,076 320 294 264 30

Geology ....................................................................................... 5,010 3,737 1,273 1,275 980 295 237 210 27

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 7 4 3 21 13 8 15 14 1

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 185 158 27 100 83 17 42 40 2

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,442 1,048 394 448 352 96 151 133 18

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 35 30 5 58 52 6 21 20 1

Oceanography ............................................................................. 225 176 49 175 141 34 58 51 7

Earth science .............................................................................. 904 647 257 129 97 32 48 39 9

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 278 195 83 86 62 24 24 23 1

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,441 3,009 432 1,294 1,179 115 866 805 61

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,401 2,979 422 1,287 1,175 112 861 800 61

Physics, other .............................................................................. 40 30 10 7 4 3 5 5 0

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 1,074 978 96 162 131 31 43 40 3

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 13,707 8,703 5,004 1,538 1,140 398 21 13 8

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 13,707 8,703 5,004 1,538 1,140 398 21 13 8

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 13,707 8,703 5,004 1,538 1,140 398 21 13 8

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 41,068 14,332 26,736 10,223 4,066 6,157 3,576 2,002 1,574

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 39,312 13,745 25,567 4,721 2,086 2,635 2,151 1,258 893

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 21 5 16 662 305 357 456 239 217

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 210 65 145 1,819 655 1,164 153 79 74

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 230 26 204 211 69 142 44 23 21

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 55 33 22 62 30 32 64 34 30

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 46 25 21 100 58 42 13 9 4
182 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 26.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1980–81—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 58 24 34 1 1 0 26 15 11

Social psychology ........................................................................... 564 266 298 222 103 119 40 18 22

School psychology .......................................................................... 235 37 198 2,225 708 1,517 621 321 300

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 337 106 231 200 51 149 8 6 2

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 16,707 4,248 12,459 17,803 7,460 10,343 362 212 150

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,609 486 1,123 566 246 320 44 22 22

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,016 1,224 792 6,680 4,380 2,300 118 94 24

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 12,410 2,107 10,303 10,240 2,614 7,626 193 89 104

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 672 431 241 317 220 97 7 7 0

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 42 40 2 43 43 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 15 13 2 43 43 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 27 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 100,513 56,131 44,382 11,945 7,457 4,488 3,122 2,274 848

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 8,167 4,006 4,161 1,189 686 503 69 53 16

Anthropology ................................................................................... 3,330 1,222 2,108 868 366 502 358 218 140

Archeology ...................................................................................... 74 23 51 24 8 16 15 5 10

Criminology ..................................................................................... 2,247 1,303 944 268 234 34 7 7 0

Demography and population studies .............................................. 10 4 6 14 8 6 3 1 2

Economics ...................................................................................... 18,753 13,036 5,717 1,911 1,467 444 727 627 100

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,273 2,184 1,089 562 410 152 119 95 24

Geography ................................................................................... 3,273 2,184 1,089 562 410 152 119 95 24

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 18,301 11,363 6,938 2,237 1,330 907 643 444 199

International relations and affairs ................................................... 2,124 1,016 1,108 974 649 325 55 46 9

Political science and government, general ..................................... 24,977 15,796 9,181 1,875 1,342 533 484 388 96

Sociology ........................................................................................ 17,272 5,247 12,025 1,240 590 650 610 371 239

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 1,217 603 614 640 320 320 22 13 9

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 768 328 440 143 47 96 10 6 4

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,841 4,358 1,483 4,220 2,801 1,419 1,276 1,175 101

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 33 31 2 57 46 11 3 1 2

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,510 777 733 1,277 623 654 28 25 3

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 300 171 129 209 151 58 18 16 2

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 3,693 3,167 526 2,499 1,879 620 1,195 1,104 91

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 305 212 93 178 102 76 32 29 3

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,801 1,528 273 120 111 9 3 3 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 263 253 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,538 1,275 263 120 111 9 3 3 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 40,479 14,798 25,681 8,629 4,056 4,573 654 396 258

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 4,440 1,413 3,027 712 330 382 41 22 19

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 767 71 696 245 33 212 7 0 7

Design and applied art ................................................................... 4,564 1,373 3,191 260 119 141 2 1 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,334 2,123 3,211 1,275 635 640 97 62 35

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,675 1,115 560 215 149 66 4 3 1

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 604 429 175 138 103 35 4 3 1

Photography ................................................................................ 1,071 686 385 77 46 31 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 14,453 4,381 10,072 2,458 1,057 1,401 121 37 84

Art, general .................................................................................. 12,617 4,042 8,575 2,109 973 1,136 11 5 6

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 1,836 339 1,497 349 84 265 110 32 78

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 8,657 4,103 4,554 3,332 1,689 1,643 381 271 110

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 229 110 119 128 65 63 20 13 7

Music, general performance ....................................................... 5,342 2,624 2,718 2,690 1,346 1,344 276 199 77

Music theory and composition .................................................... 3,086 1,369 1,717 514 278 236 85 59 26

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 589 219 370 132 44 88 1 0 1

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1980–81’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 183

Table 27.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1981–82

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 952,998 473,364 479,634 295,546 145,532 150,014 32,707 22,224 10,483

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 21,029 14,443 6,586 4,163 3,114 1,049 1,079 925 154

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 10,909 7,954 2,955 1,978 1,526 452 505 435 70

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 7,424 5,844 1,580 1,494 1,212 282 389 336 53

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 2,195 1,594 601 412 326 86 14 14 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 3,017 2,435 582 535 447 88 214 184 30

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,909 1,551 358 535 428 107 160 137 23

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 303 264 39 12 11 1 1 1 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 1,986 1,031 955 269 164 105 97 80 17

International agriculture .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 1,499 1,079 420 215 150 65 19 19 0

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 5,383 3,080 2,303 1,153 778 375 381 315 66

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,967 2,253 1,714 561 376 185 178 158 20

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,551 1,959 1,592 453 301 152 146 129 17

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 275 192 83 69 51 18 17 14 3

Poultry science ............................................................................ 141 102 39 39 24 15 15 15 0

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 724 320 404 347 205 142 99 67 32

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 235 190 45 80 69 11 21 18 3

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 235 190 45 80 69 11 21 18 3

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 457 317 140 165 128 37 83 72 11

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 4,737 3,409 1,328 1,032 810 222 193 175 18

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 1,788 1,126 662 264 197 67 30 25 5

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 144 131 13 16 14 2 11 10 1

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,665 1,334 331 426 330 96 88 78 10

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,140 818 322 326 269 57 64 62 2

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,728 6,825 2,903 3,327 2,242 1,085 80 58 22

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,796 4,720 1,076 1,610 1,213 397 22 16 6

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 962 633 329 111 52 59 3 3 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,076 137 939 27 9 18 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 1,014 674 340 264 150 114 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 511 372 139 1,213 772 441 42 27 15

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 369 289 80 102 46 56 13 12 1

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 2,862 1,032 1,830 809 410 399 102 58 44

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,163 786 1,377 666 346 320 87 49 38

African studies ............................................................................. 17 7 10 16 8 8 2 2 0

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,251 427 824 208 74 134 56 27 29

Latin American studies ................................................................ 243 93 150 130 73 57 2 1 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 35 12 23 61 39 22 10 7 3

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 77 40 37 27 19 8 1 1 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 404 168 236 169 96 73 16 11 5

European studies ........................................................................ 134 37 97 46 33 13 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 2 2 0 9 4 5 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 353 130 223 59 30 29 4 3 1

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 219 84 135 46 27 19 3 3 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 110 34 76 13 3 10 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 24 12 12 0 0 0 1 0 1

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 346 116 230 84 34 50 11 6 5

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 41,639 22,754 18,885 5,874 3,426 2,448 3,743 2,654 1,089

Biology, general .............................................................................. 29,651 15,931 13,720 2,579 1,545 1,034 678 452 226

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,913 1,236 677 299 186 113 535 406 129

Botany, total .................................................................................... 718 366 352 400 231 169 303 224 79

Botany, general ........................................................................... 563 272 291 252 129 123 183 131 52

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 58 32 26 131 93 38 97 75 22

Botany, other ............................................................................... 97 62 35 17 9 8 23 18 5

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 312 188 124 46 26 20 144 92 52

Cell biology .................................................................................. 40 18 22 20 13 7 49 33 16
184 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 27.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1981–82—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 272 170 102 26 13 13 95 59 36

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,377 1,131 1,246 470 254 216 350 250 100

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,741 981 760 863 430 433 575 381 194

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 61 40 21 63 36 27 147 91 56

Ecology ........................................................................................ 792 464 328 236 158 78 76 63 13

Marine biology ............................................................................. 488 319 169 70 49 21 13 11 2

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 76 35 41 12 9 3 51 32 19

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 138 32 106 195 42 153 81 43 38

Toxicology ................................................................................... 49 25 24 57 37 20 24 16 8

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 106 50 56 107 38 69 123 77 46

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 31 16 15 103 46 57 52 42 10

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 0 0 0 20 15 5 8 6 2

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 3,664 2,165 1,499 1,028 657 371 936 710 226

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 3,089 1,802 1,287 413 229 184 223 167 56

Entomology ................................................................................. 186 145 41 256 193 63 158 139 19

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 23 8 15 90 46 44 103 72 31

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 26 19 7 70 46 24 208 147 61

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 340 191 149 199 143 56 244 185 59

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,263 756 507 189 97 92 222 139 83

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 213,374 129,262 84,112 60,763 43,807 16,956 815 668 147

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 186,429 114,154 72,275 58,741 42,566 16,175 791 648 143

Business, general ........................................................................... 37,326 22,631 14,695 9,144 6,601 2,543 155 125 30

Business administration and management, total ........................... 74,496 46,899 27,597 36,925 27,044 9,881 424 342 82

Office supervision and management .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 74,496 46,899 27,597 36,925 27,044 9,881 424 342 82

Accounting ...................................................................................... 45,542 26,213 19,329 3,246 2,160 1,086 61 53 8

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 1,527 62 1,465 4 2 2 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,712 1,868 844 341 267 74 55 49 6

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 15,232 10,616 4,616 4,788 3,559 1,229 39 35 4

Finance, general ......................................................................... 14,383 9,991 4,392 4,631 3,438 1,193 35 32 3

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 613 466 147 46 32 14 4 3 1

Investments and securities ......................................................... 236 159 77 111 89 22 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 2,169 1,419 750 97 66 31 2 2 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 4,059 2,235 1,824 1,482 923 559 21 14 7

Human resources management .................................................. 2,430 1,288 1,142 473 297 176 4 2 2

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,629 947 682 1,009 626 383 17 12 5

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

International business ..................................................................... 571 295 276 1,429 946 483 5 5 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 357 209 148 96 70 26 11 8 3

Business statistics ....................................................................... 357 209 148 96 70 26 11 8 3

Management science, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Real estate ...................................................................................... 774 615 159 103 81 22 2 2 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 1,664 1,092 572 1,086 847 239 16 13 3

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 26,945 15,108 11,837 2,022 1,241 781 24 20 4

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 26,945 15,108 11,837 2,022 1,241 781 24 20 4

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 34,222 14,917 19,305 3,327 1,578 1,749 200 136 64

Communications, total ........................................................................ 32,428 13,947 18,481 3,104 1,450 1,654 182 124 58

Communications, general ............................................................... 15,567 6,419 9,148 1,727 766 961 139 94 45

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,228 791 1,437 145 59 86 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 14,207 6,489 7,718 1,157 579 578 38 26 12

Journalism ................................................................................... 8,841 3,408 5,433 901 440 461 27 18 9

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 5,366 3,081 2,285 256 139 117 11 8 3

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications, other ................................................................... 426 248 178 75 46 29 5 4 1

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,794 970 824 223 128 95 18 12 6

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 1,794 970 824 223 128 95 18 12 6

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 20,267 13,218 7,049 4,935 3,625 1,310 251 230 21
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 185

Table 27.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1981–82—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 16,368 10,870 5,498 4,268 3,156 1,112 241 221 20

Computer programming .................................................................. 231 144 87 40 29 11 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 960 564 396 28 23 5 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 2,433 1,458 975 541 368 173 10 9 1

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 217 145 72 52 43 9 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 58 37 21 6 6 0 0 0 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 100,932 24,380 76,552 91,601 25,339 66,262 6,999 3,612 3,387

Education, general .......................................................................... 3,157 520 2,637 11,667 3,166 8,501 1,360 687 673

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 247 13 234 3,701 946 2,755 742 334 408

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 260 83 177 22,983 9,129 13,854 2,117 1,218 899

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 91 32 59 10,693 5,511 5,182 1,474 888 586

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 44 11 33 19 9 10

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Elementary, middle and secondary education administration .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 169 51 118 12,246 3,607 8,639 624 321 303

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 4 3 1 217 57 160 64 31 33

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 0 0 0 57 25 32 49 21 28

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 4 3 1 160 32 128 15 10 5

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 42 12 30 336 125 211 187 96 91

Special education, total .................................................................. 12,804 934 11,870 13,153 1,742 11,411 306 107 199

Special education, general .......................................................... 8,217 635 7,582 9,157 1,229 7,928 253 89 164

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 344 9 335 398 51 347 3 0 3

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 25 0 25 166 20 146 4 1 3

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 425 29 396 353 68 285 6 2 4

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 1,394 100 1,294 403 66 337 9 6 3

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 54 9 45 142 23 119 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 122 21 101 78 16 62 4 0 4

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 64 9 55 146 36 110 1 0 1

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 792 46 746 1,573 158 1,415 22 8 14

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 1,120 50 1,070 443 26 417 1 0 1

Special education, other ............................................................. 247 26 221 294 49 245 3 1 2

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

General teacher education, total .................................................... 44,272 4,255 40,017 20,455 3,706 16,749 1,080 526 554

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 70 15 55 956 296 660 143 62 81

Elementary education ................................................................. 37,261 3,141 34,120 12,788 1,345 11,443 201 73 128

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 301 65 236 249 37 212 12 9 3

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,183 104 4,079 1,383 56 1,327 54 13 41

Secondary education .................................................................. 2,419 923 1,496 4,498 1,710 2,788 175 78 97

General teacher education, other ............................................... 38 7 31 581 262 319 495 291 204

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 38,994 18,046 20,948 16,944 5,845 11,099 1,001 557 444

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 835 668 167 257 226 31 28 26 2

Art education ............................................................................... 1,897 365 1,532 673 182 491 43 18 25

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 3,167 605 2,562 1,067 205 862 57 27 30

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 125 105 20 220 173 47 6 6 0

English education ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health education ......................................................................... 2,175 525 1,650 845 191 654 72 31 41

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 1,442 18 1,424 356 7 349 14 0 14

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 5,525 4,687 838 2,133 1,432 701 252 166 86

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 629 243 386 347 134 213 32 22 10

Music education .......................................................................... 4,915 2,036 2,879 1,084 509 575 89 53 36

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 17,391 8,545 8,846 4,077 2,162 1,915 226 137 89

Reading education ...................................................................... 227 14 213 5,470 422 5,048 123 31 92

Science education ....................................................................... 558 234 324 406 202 204 59 40 19

Social science education ............................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 108 1 107 9 0 9 0 0 0

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 50 17 33 653 182 471 4 1 3

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,102 497 605 1,492 441 1,051 138 55 83

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 80,005 70,899 9,106 17,939 16,311 1,628 2,636 2,496 140

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 67,021 58,790 8,231 17,526 15,953 1,573 2,621 2,483 138

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 4,318 3,685 633 1,497 1,346 151 316 297 19

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,120 1,949 171 521 482 39 96 95 1

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 838 779 59 129 123 6 38 38 0

Architectural engineering 438 375 63 46 44 2 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 508 368 140 236 193 43 50 45 5
186 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 27.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1981–82—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 258 207 51 65 58 7 12 12 0

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 6,740 5,273 1,467 1,285 1,104 181 311 292 19

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 10,524 9,333 1,191 2,995 2,725 270 329 315 14

Computer engineering .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 16,455 15,046 1,409 4,462 4,174 288 526 505 21

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 327 281 46 140 128 12 62 58 4

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 302 267 35 46 44 2 14 13 1

Engineering science ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 272 212 60 412 332 80 39 37 2

Geological engineering ................................................................... 269 215 54 31 29 2 2 2 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 73 64 9 4 4 0 0 0 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,992 3,049 943 1,656 1,446 210 116 103 13

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 798 629 169 282 246 36 129 114 15

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 13,922 12,702 1,220 2,399 2,260 139 333 320 13

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 592 494 98 262 235 27 59 59 0

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 662 614 48 88 85 3 10 10 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 606 590 16 81 80 1 1 1 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 394 359 35 325 287 38 124 118 6

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 202 179 23 116 108 8 11 10 1

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 1,245 1,119 126 122 116 6 21 19 2

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 44 27 17 0 0 0 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,122 974 148 326 304 22 21 19 2

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 12,984 12,109 875 413 358 55 15 13 2

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 12,984 12,109 875 413 358 55 15 13 2

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 33,419 11,414 22,005 5,772 1,983 3,789 1,101 511 590

English language and literature, general ........................................ 24,963 8,205 16,758 4,202 1,420 2,782 811 381 430

Comparative literature .................................................................... 341 114 227 179 67 112 115 44 71

English composition ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 467 184 283 295 149 146 0 0 0

American literature (United States) ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 6,646 2,549 4,097 992 306 686 144 68 76

English technical and business writing ........................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,002 362 640 104 41 63 31 18 13

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 10,756 2,741 8,015 2,657 882 1,775 748 358 390

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,254 353 901 840 318 522 285 148 137

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 720 195 525 324 107 217 121 62 59

Linguistics .................................................................................... 534 158 376 516 211 305 164 86 78

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 168 76 92 30 8 22 13 9 4

Chinese ....................................................................................... 68 33 35 14 2 12 10 6 4

Japanese ..................................................................................... 100 43 57 16 6 10 3 3 0

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 324 140 184 49 17 32 7 0 7

Russian ....................................................................................... 324 140 184 49 17 32 7 0 7

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 1,406 468 938 362 146 216 96 41 55

German ....................................................................................... 1,327 447 880 324 127 197 76 34 42

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 31 4 27 8 5 3 2 0 2

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 48 17 31 30 14 16 18 7 11

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 4 3 1 6 3 3 7 2 5

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 6,895 1,376 5,519 1,108 269 839 246 103 143

French ......................................................................................... 3,054 527 2,527 485 112 373 92 38 54

Italian ........................................................................................... 208 43 165 55 16 39 14 6 8

Portuguese .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 3,633 806 2,827 568 141 427 140 59 81

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 59 20 39 34 21 13 5 3 2

Arabic .......................................................................................... 15 3 12 4 2 2 4 2 2

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 44 17 27 30 19 11 1 1 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 187

Table 27.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1981–82—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 549 271 278 150 67 83 53 35 18

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 381 189 192 133 62 71 48 30 18

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 82 48 34 7 2 5 3 3 0

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 86 34 52 10 3 7 2 2 0

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 97 34 63 78 33 45 36 17 19

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 63,653 10,105 53,548 16,503 4,006 12,497 925 503 422

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 64 53 11 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,414 179 3,235 3,104 209 2,895 114 47 67

Community health liason ................................................................ 705 228 477 2,312 972 1,340 207 105 102

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 0 0 0 359 307 52 9 7 2

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,172 24 1,148 34 11 23 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 2,590 605 1,985 1,645 835 810 20 15 5

Health care and services administration ..................................... 1,978 581 1,397 1,640 835 805 20 15 5

Medical records administration ................................................... 612 24 588 5 0 5 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 5,049 994 4,055 241 100 141 8 4 4

Medical technology ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 5,049 994 4,055 241 100 141 8 4 4

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 4,867 1,458 3,409 1,015 361 654 124 88 36

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 268 41 227 561 163 398 15 4 11

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 268 41 227 561 163 398 15 4 11

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 33,177 1,695 31,482 5,312 278 5,034 134 6 128

Optometry ....................................................................................... 396 305 91 9 9 0 2 1 1

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 6,367 3,437 2,930 368 233 135 127 106 21

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 4,399 614 3,785 572 104 468 0 0 0

Art therapy ................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,663 78 1,585 255 20 235 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,736 536 2,200 317 84 233 0 0 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 0 0 0 184 126 58 65 54 11

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 1,185 472 713 787 298 489 100 66 34

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 17,872 1,016 16,856 2,355 201 2,154 247 73 174

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 16,618 674 15,944 2,252 195 2,057 241 73 168

Home economics, general .............................................................. 5,535 138 5,397 753 23 730 83 14 69

Business home economics ............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 3,005 151 2,854 515 93 422 86 35 51

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 3,082 198 2,884 749 58 691 41 17 24

Housing studies .............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 3,270 72 3,198 98 5 93 18 0 18

Home economics, other .................................................................. 1,726 115 1,611 137 16 121 13 7 6

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,254 342 912 103 6 97 6 0 6

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 647 50 597 73 4 69 6 0 6

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 607 292 315 30 2 28 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 846 416 430 1,893 1,510 383 22 20 2

Law, general ................................................................................... 592 300 292 1,468 1,163 305 22 20 2

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 254 116 138 425 347 78 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 21,089 9,107 11,982 2,425 1,103 1,322 155 90 65
188 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 27.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1981–82—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 21,089 9,107 11,982 2,425 1,103 1,322 155 90 65

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 18,145 8,003 10,142 1,094 426 668 35 20 15

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 2,944 1,104 1,840 1,331 677 654 120 70 50

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 307 43 264 4,506 799 3,707 84 31 53

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 282 33 249 4,385 773 3,612 82 29 53

Library science, other ..................................................................... 25 10 15 121 26 95 2 2 0

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 12,226 6,999 5,227 3,263 2,257 1,006 721 623 98

Mathematics .................................................................................... 10,450 5,815 4,635 1,927 1,234 693 512 450 62

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,187 783 404 772 624 148 74 68 6

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 560 377 183 236 188 48 34 32 2

Operations research .................................................................... 627 406 221 536 436 100 40 36 4

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 258 152 106 479 334 145 125 100 25

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 331 249 82 85 65 20 10 5 5

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 14,707 8,037 6,670 2,553 1,737 816 238 152 86

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,125 1,956 1,169 253 171 82 31 18 13

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 11,582 6,081 5,501 2,300 1,566 734 207 134 73

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 5,335 2,006 3,329 526 276 250 33 26 7

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 5,335 2,006 3,329 526 276 250 33 26 7

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 6,309 4,208 2,101 1,152 688 464 364 287 77

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,391 2,408 983 445 324 121 247 190 57

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,918 1,800 1,118 707 364 343 117 97 20

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 24,052 17,866 6,186 5,514 4,318 1,196 3,286 2,835 451

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 24,052 17,866 6,186 5,514 4,318 1,196 3,286 2,835 451

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 765 589 176 131 93 38 24 21 3

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 81 65 16 61 51 10 66 52 14

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 32 27 5 19 18 1 10 10 0

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 412 346 66 164 140 24 45 41 4

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 11,062 7,571 3,491 1,751 1,259 492 1,722 1,441 281

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 11,025 7,543 3,482 1,618 1,163 455 1,595 1,336 259

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 16 12 4 18 10 8 15 13 2

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 5 5 0 14 11 3

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 4 2 2 19 17 2 35 30 5

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 7 5 2 68 44 24 40 31 9

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 10 9 1 23 20 3 23 20 3

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 5,538 4,123 1,415 1,540 1,196 344 282 232 50

Geology ....................................................................................... 5,337 3,967 1,370 1,411 1,088 323 241 197 44

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 8 6 2 13 10 3 4 4 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 193 150 43 116 98 18 37 31 6

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,418 1,006 412 431 316 115 215 184 31

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 48 42 6 23 21 2 24 23 1

Oceanography ............................................................................. 220 177 43 166 119 47 98 84 14

Earth science .............................................................................. 886 604 282 136 101 35 59 49 10

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 264 183 81 106 75 31 34 28 6

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,472 3,012 460 1,284 1,128 156 873 807 66

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,472 3,012 460 1,282 1,126 156 863 799 64

Physics, other .............................................................................. 0 0 0 2 2 0 10 8 2

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 1,272 1,127 145 133 117 16 49 47 2

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 12,438 7,686 4,752 1,336 974 362 24 14 10

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 12,438 7,686 4,752 1,336 974 362 24 14 10

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 12,438 7,686 4,752 1,336 974 362 24 14 10

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 41,212 13,645 27,567 9,947 3,823 6,124 3,461 1,856 1,605

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 39,251 13,034 26,217 4,448 1,938 2,510 1,845 1,038 807

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 81 33 48 663 300 363 555 282 273

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 218 55 163 1,861 651 1,210 163 86 77

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 231 20 211 160 54 106 63 31 32

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 237 96 141 98 44 54 69 34 35

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 57 19 38 141 66 75 13 11 2
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 189

Table 27.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1981–82—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 83 41 42 5 3 2 19 10 9

Social psychology ........................................................................... 441 176 265 203 94 109 39 20 19

School psychology .......................................................................... 181 22 159 2,156 614 1,542 681 338 343

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 432 149 283 212 59 153 14 6 8

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 16,495 4,176 12,319 17,416 6,975 10,441 372 205 167

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,469 498 971 473 243 230 36 16 20

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,122 1,308 814 6,503 4,139 2,364 134 97 37

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 11,813 1,867 9,946 9,959 2,295 7,664 198 90 108

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 1,091 503 588 481 298 183 4 2 2

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 55 55 0 49 48 1 0 0 0

Reserve Officer Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................... 28 28 0 49 48 1 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 27 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 99,705 55,196 44,509 12,002 7,468 4,534 3,061 2,237 824

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 7,954 3,667 4,287 1,107 613 494 66 51 15

Anthropology ................................................................................... 3,069 1,124 1,945 826 418 408 334 191 143

Archeology ...................................................................................... 72 23 49 23 3 20 11 3 8

Criminology ..................................................................................... 2,051 1,184 867 289 245 44 11 5 6

Demography and population studies .............................................. 9 3 6 24 14 10 10 8 2

Economics ...................................................................................... 19,876 13,424 6,452 1,964 1,481 483 677 581 96

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,445 2,366 1,079 553 393 160 123 101 22

Geography ................................................................................... 3,445 2,366 1,079 553 393 160 123 101 22

Cartography ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 17,146 10,706 6,440 2,210 1,330 880 636 455 181

International relations and affairs ................................................... 2,496 1,209 1,287 1,185 747 438 56 47 9

Political science and government, general ..................................... 25,658 15,883 9,775 1,954 1,344 610 513 401 112

Sociology ........................................................................................ 16,042 4,771 11,271 1,145 519 626 558 351 207

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 1,122 514 608 589 325 264 30 21 9

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 765 322 443 133 36 97 36 22 14

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,998 4,461 1,537 4,064 2,650 1,414 1,288 1,185 103

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 78 64 14 56 48 8 6 5 1

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,561 805 756 1,284 647 637 44 42 2

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 317 205 112 183 139 44 10 9 1

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 3,464 2,964 500 2,266 1,662 604 1,160 1,075 85

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 578 423 155 275 154 121 68 54 14

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 2,044 1,638 406 129 116 13 2 1 1

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 228 207 21 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,816 1,431 385 129 116 13 2 1 1

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 40,422 14,819 25,603 8,746 3,866 4,880 670 380 290

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 3,834 1,263 2,571 557 221 336 40 13 27

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 795 76 719 269 65 204 4 1 3

Design and applied art ................................................................... 4,747 1,482 3,265 347 138 209 1 0 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,286 2,159 3,127 1,258 603 655 93 45 48

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,760 1,149 611 243 155 88 8 4 4

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 692 478 214 159 103 56 8 4 4

Photography ................................................................................ 1,068 671 397 84 52 32 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 13,490 4,001 9,489 2,283 890 1,393 107 35 72

Art, general .................................................................................. 11,515 3,646 7,869 1,873 817 1,056 12 4 8

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 1,975 355 1,620 410 73 337 95 31 64

Arts management ........................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 8,418 4,009 4,409 3,361 1,618 1,743 406 276 130

Music, general ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music history and literature ......................................................... 143 78 65 105 40 65 29 16 13

Music, general performance ....................................................... 5,138 2,476 2,662 2,596 1,249 1,347 298 209 89

Music theory and composition .................................................... 3,137 1,455 1,682 660 329 331 79 51 28

Music, other ................................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 2,092 680 1,412 428 176 252 11 6 5

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1981–82’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
190 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 28.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1982–83

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 969,510 479,140 490,370 289,921 144,697 145,224 32,775 21,902 10,873

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 20,909 14,085 6,824 4,254 3,129 1,125 1,149 1,004 145

Agricultural business and management, total .................................... 6,227 4,737 1,490 842 647 195 198 175 23

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,102 3,279 823 666 507 159 166 147 19

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 506 425 81 26 19 7 3 3 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,510 1,215 295 41 33 8 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,846 1,438 408 592 450 142 163 144 19

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 240 201 39 7 5 2 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 362 349 13 20 19 1 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 134 98 36 39 30 9 6 6 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 778 427 351 32 21 11 10 9 1

International agriculture .................................................................. 16 10 6 20 16 4 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 835 574 261 65 54 11 16 13 3

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 9,768 5,929 3,839 2,224 1,564 660 735 634 101

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 1,681 1,234 447 297 225 72 7 7 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 4,079 2,211 1,868 552 370 182 187 162 25

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,201 1,670 1,531 350 236 114 122 106 16

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 180 125 55 36 27 9 17 15 2

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 35 15 20 12 6 6 6 4 2

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 34 23 11 27 19 8 11 9 2

Dairy science ............................................................................... 312 212 100 63 41 22 14 14 0

Poultry science ............................................................................ 136 102 34 53 34 19 13 11 2

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 181 64 117 11 7 4 4 3 1

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 637 297 340 276 141 135 103 76 27

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 2,727 1,764 963 913 677 236 345 308 37

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 433 260 173 79 63 16 8 6 2

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 1,020 794 226 386 320 66 203 184 19

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 963 475 488 230 123 107 65 56 9

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 36 33 3 26 23 3

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 19 11 8 28 19 9 22 19 3

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 52 40 12 53 32 21 1 1 0

Range science and management ............................................... 194 155 39 76 67 9 19 19 0

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 46 29 17 25 20 5 1 0 1

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 264 188 76 144 118 26 67 59 8

Agricultural sciences, other ............................................................ 380 235 145 42 33 9 26 22 4

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 4,914 3,419 1,495 1,188 918 270 216 195 21

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 1,489 902 587 316 242 74 37 33 4

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 230 133 97 2 0 2 0 0 0

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 221 177 44 120 104 16 34 30 4

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 299 255 44 37 32 5 15 15 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,649 1,283 366 535 406 129 95 86 9

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 794 526 268 135 106 29 25 21 4

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 232 143 89 43 28 15 10 10 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,823 6,403 3,420 3,357 2,224 1,133 97 74 23

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,201 4,019 1,182 1,652 1,224 428 26 19 7

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 450 309 141 1,043 645 398 67 52 15

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 986 662 324 86 38 48 2 2 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,450 153 1,297 20 5 15 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 1,030 680 350 285 146 139 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 3 0 3 107 80 27 1 0 1

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 703 580 123 164 86 78 1 1 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,068 1,101 1,967 845 411 434 155 90 65

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,476 915 1,561 711 363 348 137 80 57

African studies ............................................................................. 30 14 16 38 19 19 2 2 0

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,193 407 786 184 67 117 95 52 43

Latin American studies ................................................................ 254 94 160 122 61 61 1 1 0

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 48 16 32 85 55 30 19 14 5

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 105 42 63 46 29 17 4 2 2

Asian studies ............................................................................... 498 233 265 163 91 72 10 6 4

European studies ........................................................................ 136 42 94 42 28 14 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 212 67 145 31 13 18 6 3 3

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 443 137 306 84 23 61 8 4 4

Afro-American (Black) studies .................................................... 190 85 105 22 11 11 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 89 30 59 31 8 23 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 97 1 96 19 0 19 2 0 2

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 67 21 46 12 4 8 6 4 2

Area and ethnic studies, other ....................................................... 149 49 100 50 25 25 10 6 4

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 39,982 21,564 18,418 5,696 3,214 2,482 3,341 2,266 1,075

Biology, general .............................................................................. 28,022 14,965 13,057 2,354 1,342 1,012 521 344 177

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,876 1,160 716 270 165 105 518 366 152

Botany, total .................................................................................... 452 217 235 367 212 155 266 181 85

Botany, general ........................................................................... 421 204 217 246 138 108 157 102 55

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 20 11 9 104 65 39 83 62 21

Botany, other ............................................................................... 11 2 9 17 9 8 26 17 9

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 474 293 181 45 25 20 130 84 46

Cell biology .................................................................................. 53 27 26 20 13 7 38 27 11
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 191

Table 28.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1982–83—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 271 160 111 19 8 11 74 46 28

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 150 106 44 6 4 2 18 11 7

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,306 1,086 1,220 446 233 213 331 210 121

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,904 1,060 844 1,071 508 563 589 379 210

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 0 0 0 64 47 17 101 61 40

Ecology ........................................................................................ 659 368 291 234 143 91 88 79 9

Marine biology ............................................................................. 361 238 123 84 54 30 21 15 6

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 157 89 68 18 14 4 55 38 17

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 161 32 129 281 65 216 79 40 39

Toxicology ................................................................................... 65 40 25 73 43 30 28 18 10

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 135 52 83 93 25 68 107 57 50

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 10 5 5 109 46 63 43 25 18

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 356 236 120 115 71 44 67 46 21

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 3,453 2,022 1,431 918 599 319 809 586 223

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,805 1,651 1,154 336 195 141 204 135 69

Entomology ................................................................................. 208 146 62 236 191 45 140 119 21

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 18 4 14 82 40 42 90 65 25

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 28 18 10 98 60 38 186 127 59

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 387 203 184 165 112 53 189 140 49

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 7 0 7 1 1 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,495 761 734 225 130 95 177 116 61

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 226,627 131,538 95,089 64,758 45,999 18,759 776 644 132

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 223,400 130,161 93,239 64,715 45,967 18,748 776 644 132

Business, general ........................................................................... 42,174 24,806 17,368 11,543 8,076 3,467 164 129 35

Business administration and management, total ........................... 69,889 41,346 28,543 36,637 26,444 10,193 357 298 59

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,283 125 1,158 9 9 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 622 499 123 32 28 4 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 67,984 40,722 27,262 36,596 26,407 10,189 357 298 59

Accounting ...................................................................................... 46,081 25,117 20,964 3,056 2,000 1,056 66 53 13

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 871 47 824 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,209 2,172 1,037 333 240 93 44 41 3

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 92 66 26 0 0 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 16,435 11,066 5,369 4,293 3,105 1,188 30 28 2

Finance, general ......................................................................... 15,556 10,470 5,086 4,062 2,935 1,127 28 26 2

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 159 107 52 27 20 7 1 1 0

Banking and financial support services ...................................... 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 520 362 158 38 30 8 1 1 0

Investments and securities ............................................................. 197 125 72 166 120 46 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 3,486 2,350 1,136 268 195 73 1 1 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 4,240 2,264 1,976 1,863 1,052 811 37 26 11

Human resources management .................................................. 2,508 1,329 1,179 676 361 315 7 1 6

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,296 713 583 898 515 383 11 10 1

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 436 222 214 289 176 113 19 15 4

International business ..................................................................... 636 318 318 1,519 1,056 463 9 9 0

Business information systems, total ............................................... 2,513 1,439 1,074 360 290 70 0 0 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 1,784 1,032 752 359 289 70 0 0 0

Business information and data processing services, other ........ 729 407 322 1 1 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management sciences, total ................ 1,666 984 682 287 215 72 15 14 1

Business statistics ....................................................................... 101 51 50 17 12 5 6 6 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,565 933 632 270 203 67 9 8 1

Marketing management and research ............................................ 24,764 13,549 11,215 1,747 1,031 716 25 19 6

Real estate ...................................................................................... 646 505 141 133 111 22 0 0 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 967 771 196 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 47 42 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 6,651 4,090 2,561 1,709 1,381 328 28 26 2

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 3,227 1,377 1,850 43 32 11 0 0 0

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 760 21 739 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 632 388 244 3 3 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 1,192 644 548 10 9 1 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 242 104 138 30 20 10 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 401 220 181 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 38,567 16,161 22,406 3,604 1,661 1,943 214 126 88

Communications, total ........................................................................ 36,954 15,318 21,636 3,502 1,611 1,891 205 120 85

Communications, general ............................................................... 16,277 6,448 9,829 1,575 693 882 124 68 56

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,081 768 1,313 165 74 91 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 10,971 4,252 6,719 1,138 525 613 41 27 14

Journalism ................................................................................... 10,074 3,849 6,225 1,102 508 594 40 27 13

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 897 403 494 36 17 19 1 0 1

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 1,069 301 768 78 29 49 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 5,218 2,976 2,242 298 173 125 20 13 7

Communications, other ................................................................... 1,338 573 765 248 117 131 20 12 8

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,613 843 770 102 50 52 9 6 3

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 40 17 23 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 1,392 723 669 89 45 44 3 3 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 181 103 78 13 5 8 6 3 3
192 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 28.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1982–83—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 24,510 15,606 8,904 5,321 3,813 1,508 262 228 34

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 19,549 12,596 6,953 4,525 3,303 1,222 250 218 32

Computer programming .................................................................. 221 152 69 16 12 4 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 860 509 351 68 54 14 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 2,582 1,501 1,081 492 287 205 5 4 1

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 257 171 86 53 38 15 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 1,041 677 364 167 119 48 7 6 1

Education, total ...................................................................................... 97,895 23,644 74,251 83,250 22,823 60,427 7,057 3,547 3,510

Education, general .......................................................................... 1,528 346 1,182 8,153 2,151 6,002 1,146 548 598

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 110 18 92 191 38 153 16 6 10

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 305 12 293 3,836 889 2,947 866 368 498

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 75 1 74 11,018 5,429 5,589 1,989 1,140 849

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 1 1 0 7,249 3,722 3,527 1,351 796 555

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 67 14 53 20 9 11

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 108 41 67 34 20 14

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 1,132 413 719 107 56 51

Elementary and secondary education administration ................. 66 0 66 1,402 758 644 70 43 27

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 339 151 188 361 190 171

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 72 42 30 10 3 7

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 8 0 8 649 288 361 36 23 13

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 54 10 44 996 313 683 69 42 27

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 381 19 362 320 136 184 204 108 96

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 381 19 362 183 90 93 140 73 67

Educational statistics and research ............................................ 0 0 0 50 26 24 55 30 25

Educational testing, evaluation, and measurement .................... 0 0 0 87 20 67 9 5 4

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 75 6 69 272 95 177 111 76 35

Special education, total .................................................................. 11,418 816 10,602 11,301 1,399 9,902 271 99 172

Special education, general .......................................................... 7,358 537 6,821 7,958 1,031 6,927 213 74 139

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 314 16 298 316 22 294 0 0 0

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 17 0 17 179 22 157 1 0 1

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 419 37 382 311 45 266 8 4 4

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 1,190 100 1,090 306 56 250 8 4 4

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 102 7 95 208 26 182 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 90 10 80 83 13 70 4 3 1

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 45 4 41 92 23 69 3 1 2

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 476 27 449 1,145 83 1,062 14 2 12

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 990 52 938 403 26 377 4 3 1

Special education, other ............................................................. 417 26 391 300 52 248 16 8 8

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 143 32 111 9,915 2,795 7,120 512 255 257

General teacher education, total .................................................... 43,125 4,002 39,123 17,276 2,838 14,438 479 188 291

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 413 54 359 806 244 562 118 54 64

Elementary education ................................................................. 34,876 2,729 32,147 10,588 1,111 9,477 145 37 108

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 424 64 360 315 48 267 4 2 2

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,681 118 4,563 1,590 52 1,538 48 10 38

Secondary education .................................................................. 2,508 1,005 1,503 3,501 1,265 2,236 117 59 58

General teacher education, other ............................................... 223 32 191 476 118 358 47 26 21

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 37,867 17,507 20,360 16,034 5,606 10,428 1,013 531 482

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 809 622 187 304 241 63 33 26 7

Art education ............................................................................... 1,695 343 1,352 640 165 475 47 18 29

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 2,288 395 1,893 746 134 612 30 17 13

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 88 67 21 128 101 27 3 3 0

English education ........................................................................ 925 194 731 369 66 303 15 3 12

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 144 30 114 82 24 58 9 8 1

Health education ......................................................................... 1,711 453 1,258 815 178 637 79 28 51

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 1,551 66 1,485 304 2 302 18 1 17

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 2,851 2,521 330 718 603 115 48 36 12

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 325 144 181 38 19 19 4 4 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 672 256 416 439 156 283 24 10 14

Music education .......................................................................... 4,378 1,855 2,523 1,017 484 533 65 47 18

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 14,919 7,356 7,563 3,617 1,885 1,732 226 128 98

Reading education ...................................................................... 185 14 171 4,295 346 3,949 123 36 87

Science education ....................................................................... 615 243 372 427 191 236 58 41 17

Social science education ............................................................ 598 319 279 142 61 81 8 2 6

Social studies education ............................................................. 934 530 404 139 78 61 10 6 4

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 182 138 44 151 69 82 51 27 24

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,856 1,521 335 863 499 364 71 44 27

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 1,141 440 701 800 304 496 91 46 45

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 21 3 18 666 166 500 4 1 3

Education, other .............................................................................. 2,793 872 1,921 3,272 968 2,304 377 185 192

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 89,018 78,096 10,922 19,344 17,548 1,796 2,831 2,706 125

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 72,163 62,574 9,589 18,807 17,063 1,744 2,818 2,693 125

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 3,357 2,829 528 1,311 1,204 107 284 275 9

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,127 1,955 172 491 454 37 90 88 2

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 776 689 87 131 125 6 40 39 1

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 465 373 92 28 28 0 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 529 384 145 228 189 39 43 37 6
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 193

Table 28.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1982–83—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 311 243 68 74 59 15 22 20 2

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 7,185 5,569 1,616 1,368 1,204 164 319 298 21

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 9,989 8,668 1,321 3,074 2,780 294 340 327 13

Computer engineering .................................................................... 1,015 874 141 287 245 42 23 22 1

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 18,049 16,275 1,774 4,531 4,238 293 550 541 9

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 302 262 40 172 155 17 55 54 1

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 291 263 28 77 75 2 14 14 0

Engineering science ....................................................................... 216 181 35 81 73 8 22 19 3

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 228 162 66 394 307 87 35 34 1

Geological engineering ................................................................... 347 283 64 54 46 8 6 6 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 93 74 19 10 7 3 2 2 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,748 2,761 987 1,432 1,226 206 118 107 11

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 434 333 101 301 248 53 146 127 19

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 15,675 14,232 1,443 2,511 2,362 149 299 291 8

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 645 528 117 253 224 29 79 74 5

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 597 553 44 131 121 10 22 22 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 629 601 28 62 62 0 2 2 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 391 365 26 292 276 16 109 103 6

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 181 166 15 85 82 3 15 15 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 1,294 1,143 151 174 162 12 14 14 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 270 219 51 149 122 27 24 24 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 41 27 14 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 2,978 2,562 416 1,106 989 117 145 138 7

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 16,855 15,522 1,333 537 485 52 13 13 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 1,042 978 64 13 12 1 0 0 0

Civil engineering/civil technologies ................................................. 715 662 53 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical, electronic engineering-related technologies .................. 3,759 3,560 199 12 10 2 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 113 98 15 7 7 0 2 2 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 203 139 64 36 30 6 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,193 3,770 423 232 203 29 2 2 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 338 282 56 105 95 10 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 2,440 2,306 134 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 184 170 14 11 11 0 5 5 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 100 91 9 17 16 1 4 4 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 17 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 54 51 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering and related technologies, other .................................. 3,697 3,398 299 104 101 3 0 0 0

English language and literatures/letters, total ....................................... 31,829 10,859 20,970 5,048 1,710 3,338 991 471 520

English language and literature, general ........................................ 22,656 7,394 15,262 3,533 1,218 2,315 666 307 359

Comparative literature .................................................................... 502 160 342 182 57 125 114 52 62

English composition ........................................................................ 93 34 59 7 0 7 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 411 166 245 282 126 156 0 0 0

American literature (United States) ................................................ 121 42 79 9 5 4 5 1 4

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,278 501 777 197 63 134 66 35 31

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 5,633 2,178 3,455 667 201 466 97 57 40

English technical and business writing ........................................... 129 33 96 18 5 13 0 0 0

English language and literatures/letters, other ............................... 1,006 351 655 153 35 118 43 19 24

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 10,599 2,822 7,777 2,478 908 1,570 673 308 365

Foreign languages and literatures, general .................................... 662 184 478 164 47 117 52 15 37

Linguistics ....................................................................................... 472 117 355 597 240 357 146 77 69

East and Southeast asian languages and literatures, total ........... 224 106 118 54 26 28 20 13 7

Chinese ....................................................................................... 92 52 40 15 8 7 7 5 2

Japanese ..................................................................................... 90 35 55 5 2 3 0 0 0

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 42 19 23 34 16 18 13 8 5

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 390 146 244 95 43 52 23 9 14

Russian ....................................................................................... 342 128 214 33 18 15 5 2 3

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 42 13 29 60 24 36 17 6 11

East european languages, other ................................................. 6 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,426 505 921 292 119 173 73 27 46

German ....................................................................................... 1,367 489 878 281 115 166 68 23 45

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 41 11 30 6 2 4 1 1 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 18 5 13 5 2 3 4 3 1

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 4 2 2 4 2 2 9 7 2

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 6,562 1,378 5,184 940 256 684 265 104 161

French ......................................................................................... 2,871 548 2,323 360 93 267 106 32 74

Italian ........................................................................................... 224 49 175 45 11 34 18 11 7

Portuguese .................................................................................. 65 24 41 10 3 7 4 0 4

Spanish ....................................................................................... 3,349 746 2,603 506 145 361 129 58 71

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 53 11 42 19 4 15 8 3 5

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 66 22 44 48 35 13 9 8 1

Arabic .......................................................................................... 12 7 5 4 2 2 1 1 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 45 14 31 22 17 5 3 2 1

Middle eastern languages and literatures, other ........................ 9 1 8 22 16 6 5 5 0

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 594 304 290 150 76 74 42 24 18
194 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 28.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1982–83—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 442 220 222 122 64 58 39 21 18

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 66 48 18 10 4 6 1 1 0

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 86 36 50 18 8 10 2 2 0

Foreign languages, other ................................................................ 199 58 141 134 64 70 34 24 10

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 64,685 10,218 54,467 17,047 4,235 12,812 1,155 649 506

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 76 56 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,041 164 2,877 2,859 210 2,649 93 31 62

Community health liason ................................................................ 213 42 171 252 51 201 7 2 5

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 92 76 16 403 333 70 24 19 5

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,209 24 1,185 25 5 20 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 3,146 651 2,495 2,014 953 1,061 34 28 6

Health care and services administration ..................................... 2,267 566 1,701 1,729 826 903 14 10 4

Medical office management ........................................................ 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records administration ................................................... 523 32 491 1 1 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 43 1 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 312 51 261 284 126 158 20 18 2

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 545 244 301 31 9 22 0 0 0

Medical laboratory assistant ....................................................... 10 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 535 241 294 31 9 22 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 797 302 495 53 38 15 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 205 84 121 4 4 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 592 218 374 49 34 15 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 4,356 832 3,524 1,300 506 794 96 42 54

Medical technology ..................................................................... 1,508 273 1,235 92 31 61 1 0 1

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 2,848 559 2,289 1,208 475 733 95 42 53

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 1,040 759 281 3 1 2 1 0 1

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 133 104 29 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 738 541 197 0 0 0 1 0 1

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 166 112 54 3 1 2 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 236 89 147 188 120 68 252 182 70

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 97 37 60 164 90 74 84 60 24

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 313 65 248 141 50 91 12 7 5

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 35 10 25 11 4 7 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 89 12 77 87 28 59 0 0 0

Medical social work ..................................................................... 87 18 69 22 12 10 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 102 25 77 21 6 15 12 7 5

Nursing ............................................................................................ 32,525 1,652 30,873 5,946 481 5,465 175 27 148

Optometry ....................................................................................... 275 183 92 13 10 3 3 3 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 5 2 3 39 28 11 12 5 7

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 5,708 2,913 2,795 331 208 123 111 86 25

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 128 58 70 38 18 20

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 5,395 770 4,625 1,508 389 1,119 12 10 2

Art therapy ................................................................................... 60 4 56 138 18 120 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 2 0 2 42 2 40 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 306 25 281 37 10 27 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,807 112 1,695 234 22 212 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 6 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,581 507 2,074 303 105 198 1 1 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 169 35 134 12 3 9 1 1 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 205 43 162 591 181 410 9 7 2

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 259 39 220 151 48 103 1 1 0

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 210 96 114 185 118 67 91 56 35

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 475 63 412 132 15 117 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 4,931 1,198 3,733 1,332 562 770 110 73 37

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 16,296 910 15,386 2,385 220 2,165 255 84 171

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 15,146 736 14,410 2,264 203 2,061 241 76 165

Home economics, general .............................................................. 4,490 111 4,379 653 16 637 60 14 46

Business home economics ............................................................. 168 8 160 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 313 21 292 19 1 18 0 0 0

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 745 56 689 47 2 45 3 1 2

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 3,354 283 3,071 783 75 708 63 21 42

Housing studies .............................................................................. 573 26 547 18 1 17 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 2,259 149 2,110 537 85 452 84 34 50

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,804 65 2,739 107 8 99 13 1 12

Home economics, other .................................................................. 440 17 423 100 15 85 18 5 13

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,150 174 976 121 17 104 14 8 6

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 747 62 685 75 14 61 14 8 6

Custodial, housekeeping and home service workers

and managers ............................................................................. 273 96 177 31 2 29 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 130 16 114 15 1 14 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 1,099 457 642 2,091 1,603 488 72 55 17

Law, general ................................................................................... 101 55 46 1,282 962 320 71 54 17

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 486 302 184 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 300 41 259 0 0 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 212 59 153 809 641 168 1 1 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 21,603 9,710 11,893 1,286 502 784 215 113 102
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 195

Table 28.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1982–83—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 13,999 7,052 6,947 759 289 470 49 26 23

Humanities and humanistic studies ................................................ 3,079 1,205 1,874 397 156 241 160 84 76

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 4,525 1,453 3,072 130 57 73 6 3 3

Library science, total .............................................................................. 254 26 228 3,904 716 3,188 52 21 31

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 253 26 227 3,875 713 3,162 52 21 31

Library science, other ..................................................................... 1 0 1 29 3 26 0 0 0

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 12,719 7,175 5,544 3,398 2,316 1,082 731 611 120

Mathematics, general ..................................................................... 10,831 6,027 4,804 1,945 1,255 690 503 420 83

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 998 652 346 847 658 189 86 71 15

Applied mathematics ................................................................... 573 365 208 259 180 79 52 41 11

Operations research .................................................................... 425 287 138 588 478 110 34 30 4

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 273 140 133 459 293 166 128 111 17

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 617 356 261 147 110 37 14 9 5

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 14,107 7,500 6,607 2,499 1,487 1,012 225 148 77

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 3,074 1,971 1,103 306 187 119 23 20 3

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 43 28 15 54 43 11 8 8 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 2 2 0 74 18 56 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 10,988 5,499 5,489 2,065 1,239 826 194 120 74

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 5,214 1,930 3,284 608 273 335 33 23 10

Parks, recreation and leisure studies, general ............................... 2,220 779 1,441 245 106 139 17 12 5

Park, recreation and leisure facilities management ....................... 2,672 1,015 1,657 268 122 146 8 5 3

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 16 4 12 43 9 34 0 0 0

Parks and recreation, other ............................................................ 306 132 174 52 36 16 8 6 2

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 6,483 4,341 2,142 1,091 667 424 404 306 98

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,322 2,315 1,007 467 346 121 232 170 62

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,803 1,769 1,034 597 302 295 166 131 35

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 358 257 101 27 19 8 6 5 1

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 23,381 16,993 6,388 5,290 4,157 1,133 3,269 2,811 458

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 23,314 16,949 6,365 5,284 4,151 1,133 3,269 2,811 458

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 592 416 176 47 36 11 4 4 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 75 55 20 58 47 11 60 52 8

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 20 17 3 9 8 1 17 17 0

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 396 330 66 183 159 24 80 75 5

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 10,796 7,166 3,630 1,622 1,162 460 1,746 1,451 295

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 10,599 7,030 3,569 1,484 1,064 420 1,594 1,324 270

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 3 1 2 13 8 5 5 5 0

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 5 4 1 12 11 1

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 0 0 0 23 19 4 24 23 1

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 7 5 2 40 26 14 55 44 11

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 187 130 57 57 41 16 56 44 12

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 6,102 4,534 1,568 1,552 1,199 353 295 247 48

Geology ....................................................................................... 5,704 4,224 1,480 1,332 1,021 311 222 187 35

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 68 60 8 29 21 8 9 7 2

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 140 105 35 95 78 17 40 35 5

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 190 145 45 96 79 17 24 18 6

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 955 706 249 316 226 90 126 97 29

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 2 0 2 44 36 8 10 10 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 208 178 30 110 82 28 76 59 17

Earth science .............................................................................. 670 472 198 121 80 41 33 21 12

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 75 56 19 41 28 13 7 7 0

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,793 3,311 482 1,369 1,208 161 873 811 62

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,718 3,247 471 1,290 1,145 145 807 751 56

Physics, other .............................................................................. 75 64 11 79 63 16 66 60 6

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 585 414 171 128 106 22 68 57 11

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 67 44 23 6 6 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 384 314 70 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 265 237 28 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 119 77 42 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 12,579 7,610 4,969 1,300 951 349 38 30 8

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 12,282 7,367 4,915 1,108 772 336 38 30 8

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 624 272 352 132 85 47 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 3,216 2,012 1,204 295 236 59 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 6,107 3,618 2,489 487 316 171 32 24 8

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 89 46 43 27 18 9 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,410 950 460 61 40 21 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 836 469 367 106 77 29 6 6 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 103 100 3 2 2 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 194 143 51 190 177 13 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 40,460 13,131 27,329 9,981 3,647 6,334 3,602 1,838 1,764

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 37,781 12,260 25,521 4,111 1,703 2,408 1,783 956 827

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 64 17 47 677 248 429 681 352 329

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 104 36 68 1,815 586 1,229 183 96 87

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 244 22 222 177 43 134 54 20 34

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 256 92 164 68 35 33 64 37 27

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 68 25 43 319 198 121 15 6 9

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 132 56 76 6 2 4 21 10 11

Social psychology ........................................................................... 409 168 241 97 35 62 30 13 17
196 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 28.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1982–83—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

School psychology .......................................................................... 96 26 70 1,603 409 1,194 494 217 277

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,306 429 877 1,108 388 720 277 131 146

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 14,414 3,343 11,071 16,046 5,961 10,085 347 184 163

Community services ....................................................................... 1,182 276 906 212 95 117 14 7 7

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,317 1,281 1,036 5,894 3,613 2,281 106 75 31

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 196 100 96 248 148 100 19 12 7

Public works .................................................................................... 60 12 48 57 22 35 3 3 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 10,176 1,504 8,672 9,222 1,862 7,360 201 84 117

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 483 170 313 413 221 192 4 3 1

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 267 238 29 110 109 1 0 0 0

Reserve Officers Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................. 161 146 15 76 75 1 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 106 92 14 34 34 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 95,228 52,771 42,457 11,205 6,974 4,231 2,931 2,042 889

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 3,694 1,706 1,988 395 215 180 32 22 10

Anthropology ................................................................................... 2,806 992 1,814 788 363 425 369 194 175

Archeology ...................................................................................... 56 18 38 27 9 18 9 3 6

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,337 758 579 61 38 23 5 5 0

Demography and population studies .............................................. 4 3 1 43 29 14 5 3 2

Economics ...................................................................................... 20,517 13,692 6,825 1,972 1,503 469 734 613 121

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,352 2,240 1,112 579 388 191 124 88 36

Geography ................................................................................... 3,341 2,234 1,107 573 383 190 124 88 36

Cartography ................................................................................. 11 6 5 6 5 1 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 16,467 10,189 6,278 2,041 1,260 781 575 389 186

International relations and affairs ................................................... 2,829 1,321 1,508 1,223 796 427 44 32 12

Political science and government, general ..................................... 25,791 15,658 10,133 1,829 1,286 543 435 334 101

Sociology ........................................................................................ 14,105 4,273 9,832 1,112 485 627 522 301 221

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 835 408 427 490 238 252 20 15 5

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 3,435 1,513 1,922 645 364 281 57 43 14

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 6,054 4,412 1,642 4,871 3,339 1,532 1,208 1,119 89

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 69 66 3 46 36 10 3 2 1

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,775 1,405 370 251 210 41 14 12 2

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 179 101 78 57 48 9 18 18 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,224 594 630 854 390 464 62 57 5

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 210 115 95 133 90 43 19 18 1

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 1,927 1,656 271 2,602 1,979 623 896 839 57

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 1 1 0 89 51 38 0 0 0

Theology studies and religious vocations, other ............................ 669 474 195 839 535 304 196 173 23

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,662 1,492 170 91 87 4 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,662 1,492 170 91 87 4 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 39,794 14,690 25,104 8,763 4,013 4,750 692 404 288

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,652 550 1,102 200 96 104 10 7 3

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 146 43 103 29 8 21 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 748 83 665 202 24 178 4 0 4

Design and applied art ................................................................... 4,557 1,511 3,046 269 137 132 1 0 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stage craft ............................................. 5,208 2,148 3,060 1,157 572 585 97 57 40

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,586 991 595 293 185 108 6 1 5

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 522 329 193 156 102 54 6 1 5

Photography ................................................................................ 772 458 314 89 54 35 0 0 0

Film/video and photograhpic arts, other ..................................... 292 204 88 48 29 19 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 16,414 5,005 11,409 2,889 1,143 1,746 153 52 101

Art, general .................................................................................. 10,847 3,386 7,461 1,596 677 919 22 12 10

Art history, criticism and conservation ........................................ 1,749 351 1,398 392 112 280 112 34 78

Arts management ........................................................................ 206 77 129 55 17 38 2 0 2

Painting ....................................................................................... 846 306 540 202 78 124 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 104 31 73 35 15 20 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 156 26 130 10 1 9 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 47 15 32 11 6 5 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 2,459 813 1,646 588 237 351 17 6 11

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 191 88 103 16 7 9 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 7,910 3,701 4,209 3,551 1,757 1,794 421 287 134

Music, general ............................................................................. 4,287 1,929 2,358 1,437 684 753 214 140 74

Music history and literature ......................................................... 138 51 87 148 75 73 26 16 10

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,580 1,173 1,407 1,554 740 814 103 70 33

Music theory and composition .................................................... 395 271 124 231 157 74 63 49 14

Music, other ................................................................................. 510 277 233 181 101 80 15 12 3

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 1,382 570 812 157 84 73 0 0 0

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1982–83’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 197

Table 29.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1983–84

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 974,309 482,319 491,990 284,263 143,595 140,668 33,209 22,064 11,145

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 19,317 13,206 6,111 4,178 2,989 1,189 1,172 1,001 171

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 6,433 4,901 1,532 895 674 221 197 155 42

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,492 3,572 920 727 560 167 166 132 34

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 507 408 99 65 54 11 3 3 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,628 1,292 336 62 54 8 2 0 2

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 2,094 1,667 427 586 441 145 161 129 32

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 263 205 58 14 11 3 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 394 383 11 10 10 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 177 129 48 39 33 6 5 4 1

Horticulture services operation and management .......................... 664 390 274 49 29 20 16 12 4

International agriculture .................................................................. 21 19 2 17 5 12 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 685 408 277 53 37 16 10 7 3

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 8,787 5,462 3,325 2,193 1,509 684 739 632 107

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 1,519 1,119 400 273 220 53 6 6 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,949 2,190 1,759 584 368 216 197 163 34

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,316 1,777 1,539 430 269 161 125 102 23

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 35 28 7 28 18 10 17 15 2

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 25 13 12 8 4 4 5 4 1

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 4 0 4 14 10 4 11 10 1

Dairy science ............................................................................... 298 215 83 54 34 20 18 15 3

Poultry science ............................................................................ 109 83 26 38 25 13 12 11 1

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 162 74 88 12 8 4 9 6 3

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 553 249 304 318 165 153 78 57 21

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 2,446 1,693 753 876 636 240 361 318 43

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 343 213 130 84 52 32 23 19 4

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 956 801 155 357 287 70 192 175 17

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 888 477 411 236 145 91 72 55 17

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 43 36 7 33 30 3

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 15 6 9 29 22 7 13 13 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 40 37 3 35 24 11 1 1 0

Range science and management ............................................... 172 136 36 68 52 16 25 23 2

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 32 23 9 24 18 6 2 2 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 257 182 75 120 102 18 86 81 5

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 63 29 34 22 18 4 11 7 4

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 4,097 2,843 1,254 1,090 806 284 236 214 22

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 1,130 667 463 253 170 83 46 41 5

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 217 133 84 15 11 4 4 3 1

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 164 136 28 111 84 27 42 37 5

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 297 245 52 47 42 5 16 16 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,451 1,109 342 492 365 127 103 96 7

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 702 479 223 139 111 28 22 18 4

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 136 74 62 33 23 10 3 3 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,186 5,895 3,291 3,223 2,197 1,026 84 62 22

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,133 3,957 1,176 1,651 1,228 423 23 18 5

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 360 243 117 879 555 324 57 41 16

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 956 626 330 91 49 42 1 1 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,356 162 1,194 18 7 11 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 957 581 376 340 205 135 1 0 1

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 1 1 0 97 77 20 1 1 0

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 423 325 98 147 76 71 1 1 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,005 1,195 1,810 897 463 434 141 90 51

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,291 941 1,350 747 396 351 111 68 43

African studies ............................................................................. 16 5 11 13 6 7 5 4 1

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,119 435 684 198 71 127 62 34 28

Latin American studies ................................................................ 196 76 120 139 76 63 3 2 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 39 18 21 80 52 28 11 7 4

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 137 65 72 61 28 33 3 3 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 409 198 211 172 110 62 22 14 8

European studies ........................................................................ 181 69 112 51 35 16 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 194 75 119 33 18 15 5 4 1

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 588 199 389 80 33 47 9 6 3

Afro-American (Black) studies .................................................... 218 95 123 24 15 9 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 84 28 56 26 7 19 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 126 11 115 9 0 9 2 0 2

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 160 65 95 21 11 10 7 6 1

Area and ethnic studies, other ....................................................... 126 55 71 70 34 36 21 16 5

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 38,640 20,558 18,082 5,406 2,996 2,410 3,437 2,381 1,056

Biology, general .............................................................................. 27,379 14,408 12,971 2,313 1,305 1,008 617 429 188

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,052 1,209 843 254 145 109 490 348 142

Botany, total .................................................................................... 449 221 228 365 189 176 254 187 67

Botany, general ........................................................................... 419 209 210 239 113 126 168 122 46

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 15 6 9 106 64 42 59 47 12

Botany, other ............................................................................... 15 6 9 20 12 8 27 18 9

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 509 320 189 73 45 28 165 100 65

Cell biology .................................................................................. 36 22 14 17 10 7 43 25 18
198 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 29.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1983–84—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 270 164 106 49 30 19 95 57 38

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 203 134 69 7 5 2 27 18 9

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,329 1,072 1,257 447 220 227 360 216 144

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,839 1,005 834 905 423 482 610 405 205

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 0 0 0 53 26 27 103 67 36

Ecology ........................................................................................ 593 349 244 177 108 69 79 65 14

Marine biology ............................................................................. 328 224 104 67 47 20 23 15 8

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 148 66 82 21 15 6 61 49 12

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 188 48 140 236 58 178 78 42 36

Toxicology ................................................................................... 88 50 38 82 56 26 40 29 11

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 162 81 81 98 24 74 108 66 42

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 11 4 7 80 33 47 49 32 17

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 321 183 138 91 56 35 69 40 29

Zoology total ................................................................................... 3,294 1,904 1,390 867 548 319 826 622 204

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,616 1,483 1,133 347 207 140 188 140 48

Entomology ................................................................................. 161 109 52 197 146 51 142 116 26

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 21 9 12 76 39 37 107 74 33

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 42 29 13 91 54 37 198 145 53

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 443 267 176 156 102 54 188 144 44

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 11 7 4 0 0 0 3 3 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 789 419 370 182 121 61 115 74 41

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 229,478 129,559 99,919 66,150 46,178 19,972 929 730 199

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 226,123 128,130 97,993 66,104 46,155 19,949 928 730 198

Business, general ........................................................................... 42,723 24,534 18,189 12,271 8,655 3,616 189 142 47

Business administration and management, total ........................... 70,150 40,540 29,610 34,964 24,645 10,319 425 354 71

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,263 87 1,176 1 0 1 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 658 521 137 46 40 6 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 68,229 39,932 28,297 34,917 24,605 10,312 425 354 71

Accounting ...................................................................................... 47,901 25,362 22,539 3,297 2,090 1,207 53 36 17

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 927 37 890 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,197 2,098 1,099 336 232 104 36 28 8

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 79 55 24 1 0 1 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 18,389 12149 6240 4,628 3335 1293 53 43 10

Finance, general ......................................................................... 17,576 11,622 5,954 4,433 3,174 1,259 49 42 7

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 124 76 48 18 18 0 0 0 0

Banking and financial support services ...................................... 9 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 486 342 144 47 36 11 4 1 3

Investments and securities ............................................................. 194 105 89 130 107 23 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 3,392 2,044 1,348 180 128 52 2 1 1

Human resources management, total ............................................ 4,214 2,153 2,061 1,856 1,065 791 73 50 23

Human resources management .................................................. 2,408 1,201 1,207 889 502 387 29 17 12

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,427 765 662 809 468 341 17 13 4

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 379 187 192 158 95 63 27 20 7

International business ..................................................................... 768 361 407 1,610 1,076 534 4 3 1

Business information systems, total ............................................... 3,647 2056 1591 613 467 146 1 1 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 2,440 1,354 1,086 605 460 145 1 1 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 1,207 702 505 8 7 1 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 1,933 1,168 765 1,950 1,401 549 20 19 1

Business statistics ....................................................................... 164 93 71 21 11 10 3 3 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,769 1,075 694 1,929 1,390 539 17 16 1

Marketing management and research ............................................ 25,116 13,243 11,873 1,659 931 728 41 27 14

Real estate ...................................................................................... 592 470 122 129 111 18 4 4 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 1,231 919 312 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 51 40 11 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 3,044 1,820 1,224 1,379 1,100 279 27 22 5

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 3,355 1,429 1,926 46 23 23 1 0 1

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 756 23 733 1 0 1 1 0 1

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 791 467 324 4 4 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 1,213 630 583 2 1 1 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 190 63 127 28 10 18 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 405 246 159 11 8 3 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 40,113 16,604 23,509 3,656 1,600 2,056 219 131 88

Communications, total ........................................................................ 38,586 15,774 22,812 3,513 1,511 2,002 215 128 87

Communications, general ............................................................... 17,173 6,652 10,521 1,472 604 868 158 90 68

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,360 850 1,510 127 53 74 1 0 1

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 10,781 4,101 6,680 1,173 513 660 33 20 13

Journalism ................................................................................... 9,795 3,669 6,126 1,141 501 640 33 20 13

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 986 432 554 32 12 20 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 1,171 337 834 100 36 64 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 5,878 3,284 2,594 262 149 113 16 13 3

Communications, other ................................................................... 1,223 550 673 379 156 223 7 5 2

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,527 830 697 143 89 54 4 3 1

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 16 11 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 1,451 787 664 65 32 33 1 1 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 60 32 28 78 57 21 3 2 1
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 199

Table 29.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1983–84—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 32,172 20,246 11,926 6,190 4,379 1,811 251 225 26

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 26,191 16,699 9,492 5,292 3,805 1,487 242 218 24

Computer programming .................................................................. 323 213 110 2 2 0 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 882 537 345 52 44 8 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 3,475 1,993 1,482 618 368 250 6 4 2

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 330 202 128 75 50 25 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 971 602 369 151 110 41 3 3 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 92,299 22,195 70,104 75,664 21,142 54,522 6,911 3,446 3,465

Education, general .......................................................................... 1,766 354 1,412 7,954 2,213 5,741 1,227 574 653

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 91 10 81 309 80 229 16 7 9

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 306 15 291 3,231 760 2,471 726 270 456

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 101 6 95 10,151 4,981 5,170 1,909 1,110 799

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 12 3 9 6,765 3,413 3,352 1,320 801 519

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 64 21 43 21 5 16

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 97 29 68 24 8 16

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 963 360 603 32 10 22

Elementary and secondary education administration ................. 59 1 58 1,333 734 599 64 33 31

Higher education administration ................................................. 6 2 4 225 99 126 338 193 145

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 143 81 62 19 9 10

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 24 0 24 561 244 317 91 51 40

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 54 8 46 877 240 637 53 30 23

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 439 20 419 263 92 171 195 99 96

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 437 20 417 132 46 86 125 60 65

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 2 0 2 45 25 20 62 35 27

Educational assessment, testing and measurement .................. 0 0 0 86 21 65 8 4 4

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 25 3 22 224 72 152 146 86 60

Special education, total .................................................................. 10,301 656 9,645 10,547 1,342 9,205 239 81 158

Special education, general .......................................................... 6,737 442 6,295 7,390 963 6,427 203 66 137

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 322 12 310 278 33 245 3 2 1

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 5 1 4 142 18 124 2 2 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 305 27 278 262 37 225 3 2 1

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 1,051 63 988 231 46 185 8 1 7

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 46 2 44 144 19 125 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 71 5 66 91 12 79 3 0 3

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 41 3 38 60 18 42 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 490 34 456 1,140 98 1,042 11 4 7

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 872 44 828 383 23 360 1 1 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 361 23 338 426 75 351 5 3 2

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 122 28 94 9,352 2,630 6,722 483 250 233

General teacher education, total .................................................... 42,164 3,888 38,276 15,558 2,746 12,812 463 188 275

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 136 34 102 678 202 476 144 69 75

Elementary education ................................................................. 34,334 2,637 31,697 9,226 1,025 8,201 127 46 81

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 393 77 316 337 53 284 1 0 1

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,555 105 4,450 1,595 93 1,502 24 1 23

Secondary education .................................................................. 2,509 1,010 1,499 3,150 1,197 1,953 101 44 57

General teacher education, other ............................................... 237 25 212 572 176 396 66 28 38

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 35,868 16,830 19,038 15,142 5,328 9,814 1,054 549 505

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 859 715 144 292 218 74 28 23 5

Art education ............................................................................... 1,428 288 1,140 589 143 446 42 19 23

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 2,080 323 1,757 732 123 609 33 15 18

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 72 64 8 109 93 16 4 3 1

English education ........................................................................ 979 182 797 333 52 281 14 2 12

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 149 22 127 93 13 80 18 9 9

Health education ......................................................................... 1,657 466 1,191 721 157 564 58 17 41

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 1,277 26 1,251 285 3 282 10 1 9

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 2,878 2,571 307 832 686 146 83 52 31

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution (vocational) .... 283 119 164 27 9 18 1 1 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 775 302 473 416 149 267 32 14 18

Music education .......................................................................... 4,085 1,773 2,312 920 433 487 73 48 25

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 13,936 6,935 7,001 3,575 1,855 1,720 204 124 80

Reading education ...................................................................... 188 18 170 3,694 265 3,429 110 26 84

Science education ....................................................................... 702 327 375 411 168 243 56 38 18

Social science education ............................................................ 638 341 297 123 60 63 2 1 1

Social studies education ............................................................. 885 494 391 116 68 48 14 11 3

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 222 156 66 150 79 71 42 22 20

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,810 1,417 393 794 452 342 71 47 24

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 965 291 674 930 302 628 159 76 83

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 32 11 21 565 141 424 4 2 2

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,030 366 664 1,491 517 974 396 200 196

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 94,185 82,092 12,093 20,655 18,500 2,155 2,981 2,816 165

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 75,638 64,991 10,647 20,078 17,984 2,094 2,979 2,814 165

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 3,706 3,080 626 1,230 1,083 147 307 300 7

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,534 2,359 175 562 535 27 106 104 2

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 735 675 60 142 127 15 44 43 1

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 411 358 53 40 38 2 5 5 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 540 388 152 245 180 65 51 42 9
200 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 29.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1983–84—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 304 226 78 100 81 19 17 16 1

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 7,475 5,604 1,871 1,514 1,320 194 330 311 19

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 9,693 8,390 1,303 3,146 2,820 326 369 345 24

Computer engineering .................................................................... 1,480 1,223 257 440 387 53 23 20 3

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 19,943 17,919 2,024 5,078 4,693 385 585 571 14

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 349 301 48 167 152 15 67 64 3

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 342 314 28 63 59 4 22 21 1

Engineering science ....................................................................... 260 205 55 104 93 11 24 23 1

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 190 129 61 360 273 87 36 34 2

Geological engineering ................................................................... 381 312 69 44 39 5 8 8 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 103 88 15 11 10 1 5 4 1

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,937 2,883 1,054 1,557 1,279 278 119 102 17

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 394 295 99 301 234 67 152 138 14

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 16,629 14,868 1,761 2,797 2,613 184 319 312 7

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 654 510 144 283 252 31 98 84 14

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 524 485 39 91 87 4 12 12 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 651 616 35 92 87 5 5 5 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 421 384 37 297 286 11 114 108 6

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 166 149 17 95 88 7 9 9 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 1,634 1,454 180 281 267 14 21 21 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 242 184 58 144 124 20 21 21 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 40 24 16 11 8 3 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,900 1,568 332 883 769 114 109 90 19

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 18,547 17,101 1,446 577 516 61 2 2 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 1,077 983 94 15 13 2 0 0 0

Civil engingeering/civil technologies ............................................... 735 682 53 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 4,525 4,261 264 4 4 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 79 74 5 9 9 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 158 119 39 42 33 9 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,544 4,150 394 287 255 32 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 321 254 67 88 76 12 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 2,553 2,427 126 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 63 57 6 1 1 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 101 89 12 10 10 0 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 99 97 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 11 10 1 16 15 1 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies, other ......................................... 4,281 3,898 383 105 100 5 2 2 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 32,834 11,170 21,664 5,010 1,736 3,274 1,018 459 559

English language and literature, general ........................................ 23,434 7,575 15,859 3,500 1,211 2,289 695 317 378

Comparative literature .................................................................... 538 163 375 196 55 141 119 46 73

English composition ........................................................................ 68 21 47 10 3 7 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 423 157 266 300 128 172 0 0 0

American literature (United States) ................................................ 103 47 56 13 4 9 6 1 5

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,261 508 753 243 90 153 63 26 37

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 6,127 2,409 3,718 662 217 445 106 59 47

English technical and business writing ........................................... 163 58 105 11 4 7 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 717 232 485 75 24 51 29 10 19

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 10,384 2,877 7,507 2,581 893 1,688 659 306 353

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,145 292 853 867 308 559 203 93 110

Foreign languages and literatures, general .................................... 669 149 520 189 57 132 64 26 38

Linguistics ....................................................................................... 476 143 333 678 251 427 139 67 72

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ........ 266 126 140 33 14 19 14 5 9

Chinese ....................................................................................... 115 52 63 14 7 7 10 4 6

Japanese ..................................................................................... 107 45 62 7 1 6 2 0 2

East and southeast asian languages, other ................................... 44 29 15 12 6 6 2 1 1

East european languages and literatures, total .......................... 387 160 227 92 39 53 40 21 19

Russian ....................................................................................... 340 136 204 39 14 25 3 3 0

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 42 23 19 49 21 28 35 16 19

East european languages, other .................................................... 5 1 4 4 4 0 2 2 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total .................................. 1,347 473 874 262 99 163 74 40 34

German ....................................................................................... 1,292 455 837 241 91 150 63 30 33

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 28 7 21 4 2 2 1 1 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 27 11 16 17 6 11 10 9 1

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 2 1 1 4 2 2 7 3 4

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 6,411 1,466 4,945 1,023 276 747 210 82 128

French ......................................................................................... 2,876 575 2,301 418 101 317 86 27 59

Italian ........................................................................................... 206 43 163 41 13 28 13 3 10

Portuguese .................................................................................. 34 7 27 7 2 5 1 1 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 3,254 835 2,419 537 157 380 102 50 52

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 41 6 35 20 3 17 8 1 7

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 70 24 46 37 25 12 15 14 1

Arabic .......................................................................................... 6 2 4 2 2 0 0 0 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 53 18 35 17 10 7 6 6 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 11 4 7 18 13 5 9 8 1

Classical and ancient near east languages and literatures, total .. 606 282 324 152 82 70 65 35 30
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 201

Table 29.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1983–84—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 429 194 235 130 71 59 58 31 27

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 56 38 18 10 6 4 3 2 1

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 121 50 71 12 5 7 4 2 2

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 150 53 97 111 48 63 31 13 18

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 64,288 10,040 54,248 17,411 4,251 13,160 1,164 574 590

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 2,901 155 2,746 3,067 187 2,880 120 54 66

Community health liason ................................................................ 171 28 143 269 70 199 10 3 7

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 146 112 34 433 351 82 8 6 2

Dental services ............................................................................... 1,071 11 1,060 17 4 13 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 3,047 575 2,472 2,176 961 1,215 27 15 12

Health services administration .................................................... 1,948 491 1,457 1,805 832 973 22 12 10

Medical records administration ................................................... 531 34 497 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 33 3 30 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 535 47 488 371 129 242 5 3 2

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 588 265 323 28 9 19 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 20 11 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical laboratory assistant ....................................................... 7 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy assistant .......................................................... 16 1 15 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 544 250 294 28 9 19 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, other .......................................... 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 917 359 558 32 21 11 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 245 92 153 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 672 267 405 32 21 11 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 4,415 914 3501 1,483 627 856 164 87 77

Medical technology ..................................................................... 1,504 297 1,207 89 23 66 2 0 2

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 2,911 617 2,294 1,394 604 790 162 87 75

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 1,077 730 347 2 2 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 136 106 30 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 757 527 230 2 2 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 183 97 86 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 342 176 166 112 64 48 66 45 21

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 134 55 79 225 133 92 79 57 22

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 253 51 202 236 66 170 8 5 3

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 49 12 37 9 5 4 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 84 15 69 78 29 49 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 48 7 41 16 4 12 1 1 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 72 17 55 133 28 105 7 4 3

Nursing ............................................................................................ 33,569 1,841 31,728 5,745 448 5,297 220 16 204

Optometry ....................................................................................... 265 181 84 5 3 2 2 2 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 4 4 0 43 37 6 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 5,480 2,774 2,706 333 215 118 153 105 48

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 93 51 42 57 20 37

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 5,661 806 4,855 1,520 362 1,158 14 7 7

Art therapy ................................................................................... 59 2 57 163 14 149 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 5 0 5 21 1 20 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 292 24 268 19 6 13 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,692 93 1,599 258 34 224 1 0 1

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 13 10 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,947 552 2,395 399 110 289 3 2 1

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 175 32 143 21 5 16 1 0 1

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 252 50 202 513 149 364 7 5 2

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 226 43 183 126 43 83 2 0 2

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 203 115 88 169 108 61 104 81 23

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 511 57 454 209 21 188 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,533 831 2,702 1,211 509 702 132 71 61

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 15,948 995 14,953 2,416 276 2,140 277 70 207

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 14,593 732 13,861 2,310 247 2,063 270 67 203

Home economics, general .............................................................. 4,217 115 4,102 664 29 635 86 13 73

Business home economics ............................................................. 157 7 150 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 256 16 240 31 3 28 1 0 1

Family/consumer resource management ....................................... 687 70 617 52 4 48 11 2 9

Foods and nutrition studies ............................................................ 3,399 252 3,147 778 85 693 59 25 34

Housing studies .............................................................................. 592 43 549 49 12 37 3 0 3

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 2,206 122 2,084 580 100 480 95 27 68

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,869 97 2,772 117 7 110 14 0 14

Home economics, other .................................................................. 210 10 200 39 7 32 1 0 1

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,355 263 1,092 106 29 77 7 3 4

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 665 56 609 39 10 29 7 3 4

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 382 151 231 38 12 26 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 308 56 252 29 7 22 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 1,272 533 739 1,802 1,387 415 121 100 21

Law, general ................................................................................... 139 76 63 1,379 1,065 314 121 100 21

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 423 274 149 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 457 86 371 0 0 0 0 0 0
202 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 29.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1983–84—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 253 97 156 423 322 101 0 0 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 21,479 9,659 11,820 1,796 694 1,102 173 93 80

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 14,172 7,284 6,888 994 353 641 30 17 13

Humanities/humanistic studies ....................................................... 2,664 941 1,723 623 277 346 125 66 59

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 4,643 1,434 3,209 179 64 115 18 10 8

Library science, total .............................................................................. 252 32 220 3,782 762 3,020 74 38 36

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 250 31 219 3,759 756 3,003 65 32 33

Library science, other ..................................................................... 2 1 1 23 6 17 9 6 3

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 13,764 7,716 6,048 3,244 2,178 1,066 743 614 129

Mathematics, general ..................................................................... 11,582 6,383 5,199 1,871 1,189 682 496 401 95

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,419 873 546 774 582 192 90 82 8

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 742 447 295 253 177 76 42 37 5

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 677 426 251 521 405 116 48 45 3

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 298 167 131 471 318 153 149 126 23

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 465 293 172 128 89 39 8 5 3

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 13,940 7,266 6,674 2,431 1,537 894 249 172 77

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,558 1,656 902 280 158 122 31 24 7

Systems science ............................................................................. 32 15 17 878 758 120 10 8 2

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 2 1 1 20 3 17 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 11,348 5,594 5,754 1,253 618 635 208 140 68

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 4,850 1,811 3,039 603 276 327 27 19 8

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 2,037 689 1,348 231 100 131 12 8 4

Park, recreation and leisure facilities management ....................... 2,451 932 1,519 245 116 129 8 6 2

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 98 46 52 48 22 26 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 264 144 120 79 38 41 7 5 2

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 6,435 4,299 2,136 1,153 741 412 442 330 112

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,300 2,305 995 477 354 123 219 170 49

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,818 1,767 1,051 592 340 252 204 144 60

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 317 227 90 84 47 37 19 16 3

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 23,651 17,116 6,535 5,576 4,268 1,308 3,306 2,815 491

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 23,604 17,091 6,513 5,561 4,257 1,304 3,298 2,809 489

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 475 338 137 129 65 64 4 4 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 73 55 18 56 46 10 56 52 4

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 21 19 2 11 11 0 10 9 1

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 478 380 98 246 213 33 50 45 5

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 10,704 6,973 3,731 1,667 1,137 530 1,744 1,425 319

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 10,468 6,815 3,653 1,549 1,057 492 1,592 1,299 293

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 26 17 9 10 6 4 6 5 1

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 6 4 2 15 10 5

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 0 0 0 20 17 3 37 33 4

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 6 4 2 35 19 16 37 26 11

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 204 137 67 47 34 13 57 52 5

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 6,549 4,934 1,615 1,514 1,149 365 315 266 49

Geology ....................................................................................... 6,171 4,645 1,526 1,311 998 313 233 192 41

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 12 7 5 18 13 5 17 16 1

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 175 142 33 107 90 17 36 32 4

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 191 140 51 78 48 30 29 26 3

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,014 761 253 314 234 80 119 90 29

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 3 2 1 42 38 4 9 8 1

Oceanography ............................................................................. 241 187 54 130 99 31 69 50 19

Earth science .............................................................................. 733 542 191 103 67 36 22 17 5

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 37 30 7 39 30 9 19 15 4

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,907 3,350 557 1,532 1,340 192 953 877 76

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,731 3,198 533 1,440 1,256 184 863 792 71

Physics, other .............................................................................. 176 152 24 92 84 8 90 85 5

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 383 281 102 92 62 30 47 41 6

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 47 25 22 15 11 4 8 6 2

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 371 294 77 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 249 216 33 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 122 78 44 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 12,654 7,804 4,850 1,219 901 318 31 26 5

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 12,293 7,524 4,769 1,189 876 313 31 26 5

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 656 278 378 151 91 60 1 1 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 3,305 2,043 1,262 285 212 73 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 6,067 3,684 2,383 606 473 133 21 17 4

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 78 39 39 39 28 11 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,431 1,044 387 40 27 13 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 756 436 320 68 45 23 9 8 1

Fire protection ................................................................................. 117 113 4 3 3 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 244 167 77 27 22 5 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 39,955 12,812 27,143 9,525 3,400 6,125 3,535 1,774 1,761

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 37,575 12,023 25,552 4,206 1,641 2,565 1,747 891 856

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 74 15 59 701 260 441 699 349 350

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 100 25 75 1,771 580 1,191 179 92 87

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 315 34 281 128 34 94 45 22 23

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 167 53 114 40 17 23 69 40 29

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 73 22 51 348 168 180 35 20 15
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 203

Table 29.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1983–84—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 141 54 87 3 2 1 31 21 10

Social psychology ........................................................................... 410 171 239 48 19 29 18 10 8

School psychology .......................................................................... 83 20 63 1,523 439 1,084 562 257 305

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,017 395 622 757 240 517 150 72 78

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 12,570 2,998 9,572 15,060 5,634 9,426 420 230 190

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 877 240 637 237 136 101 6 3 3

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,447 1,260 1,187 5,627 3,405 2,222 157 114 43

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 209 121 88 297 185 112 30 18 12

Social work ..................................................................................... 8,776 1,241 7,535 8,531 1,755 6,776 226 94 132

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 261 136 125 368 153 215 1 1 0

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 195 179 16 127 126 1 0 0 0

Reserve Officers Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................. 195 179 16 78 77 1 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 0 0 0 49 49 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 93,323 52,154 41,169 10,577 6,551 4,026 2,911 2,030 881

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 4,643 1,991 2,652 582 318 264 34 17 17

Anthropology ................................................................................... 2,693 999 1,694 740 312 428 327 164 163

Archeology ...................................................................................... 67 29 38 39 12 27 11 3 8

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,005 565 440 79 56 23 5 4 1

Demography and population studies .............................................. 27 18 9 6 4 2 9 5 4

Economics ...................................................................................... 20,719 13,645 7,074 1,891 1,446 445 729 620 109

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,225 2194 1031 589 410 179 120 95 25

Geography ................................................................................... 3,195 2,175 1,020 583 406 177 120 95 25

Cartography ................................................................................. 30 19 11 6 4 2 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 16,643 10,363 6,280 1,940 1,165 775 561 376 185

International relations and affairs ................................................... 3,007 1,426 1,581 1,252 798 454 63 55 8

Political science and government, general ..................................... 25,719 15,655 10,064 1,769 1,232 537 457 352 105

Sociology ........................................................................................ 13,145 4,218 8,927 1,008 456 552 520 289 231

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 767 357 410 433 236 197 26 18 8

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 1,663 694 969 249 106 143 49 32 17

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,920 4,371 1,549 5,211 3,462 1,749 1,204 1,126 78

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 63 58 5 37 36 1 1 1 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 2,128 1,761 367 307 258 49 9 7 2

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 243 162 81 122 104 18 18 18 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,199 613 586 1,042 525 517 47 44 3

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 271 160 111 106 69 37 6 4 2

Theological and theological studies ............................................... 1,333 1,133 200 2,058 1,465 593 848 792 56

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 6 5 1 105 54 51 2 2 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 677 479 198 1,434 951 483 273 258 15

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,698 1,554 144 194 181 13 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,698 1,554 144 194 181 13 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 40,131 15,089 25,042 8,526 3,897 4,629 730 406 324

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,478 504 974 192 75 117 10 6 4

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 166 49 117 7 3 4 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 793 87 706 174 25 149 3 0 3

Design and applied art ................................................................... 5,252 1,849 3,403 260 124 136 2 0 2

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,315 2,209 3,106 1,181 589 592 100 55 45

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,699 1,070 629 309 210 99 5 3 2

Film-video making/Cinematography and production .................. 618 424 194 192 133 59 5 3 2

Photography ................................................................................ 787 458 329 84 55 29 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 294 188 106 33 22 11 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 16,461 5,170 11,291 2,872 1,134 1,738 147 38 109

Art, general .................................................................................. 10,771 3,386 7,385 1,634 701 933 23 5 18

Art history criticism and conservation ......................................... 1,705 363 1,342 398 87 311 106 27 79

Arts management ........................................................................ 111 43 68 42 11 31 1 0 1

Painting ....................................................................................... 917 336 581 181 80 101 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 102 32 70 26 11 15 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 117 12 105 17 2 15 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 32 6 26 10 2 8 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 2,706 992 1,714 564 240 324 17 6 11

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 210 91 119 9 6 3 5 4 1

Music, total ...................................................................................... 7,870 3,678 4,192 3,450 1,699 1,751 458 300 158

Music, general ............................................................................. 4,323 1,896 2,427 1,360 648 712 216 149 67

Music history and literature ......................................................... 97 39 58 69 21 48 32 16 16

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,532 1,212 1,320 1,583 757 826 116 72 44

Music theory and composition .................................................... 352 231 121 222 152 70 84 54 30

Music, other ................................................................................. 566 300 266 216 121 95 10 9 1

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 887 382 505 72 32 40 0 0 0

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1983–84’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
204 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 30.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1984–85

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 979,477 482,528 496,949 286,251 143,390 142,861 32,943 21,700 11,243

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 18,107 12,477 5,630 3,928 2,846 1,082 1,213 1,036 177

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 6,086 4,647 1,439 798 615 183 195 164 31

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,490 3,539 951 645 497 148 164 138 26

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 507 384 123 60 50 10 8 6 2

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,417 1,148 269 47 39 8 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 2,304 1,794 510 532 405 127 156 132 24

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 262 213 49 6 3 3 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 335 330 5 17 17 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 154 115 39 33 28 5 8 5 3

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 489 281 208 39 22 17 15 14 1

International agriculture .................................................................. 19 12 7 17 15 2 0 0 0

Agribusiness and agricultural production, other ............................. 599 370 229 47 36 11 8 7 1

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 8,365 5,258 3,107 2,030 1,394 636 806 695 111

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 1,513 1,100 413 249 185 64 6 6 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,774 2,115 1,659 606 409 197 220 186 34

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,031 1,639 1,392 391 261 130 131 108 23

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 183 116 67 36 27 9 9 8 1

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 6 3 3 10 4 6 9 7 2

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 4 2 2 18 11 7 11 8 3

Dairy science ............................................................................... 262 196 66 63 48 15 20 19 1

Poultry science ............................................................................ 78 59 19 37 24 13 17 16 1

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 210 100 110 51 34 17 23 20 3

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 546 260 286 237 130 107 102 80 22

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 2,262 1,603 659 815 577 238 389 340 49

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 343 217 126 80 55 25 12 11 1

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 841 706 135 379 300 79 215 193 22

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 846 510 336 194 109 85 74 60 14

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 33 22 11 39 33 6

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 12 11 1 22 14 8 14 11 3

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 39 31 8 38 25 13 2 2 0

Range science and management ............................................... 152 109 43 54 43 11 26 23 3

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 29 19 10 15 9 6 7 7 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 209 148 61 105 83 22 82 77 5

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 61 32 29 18 10 8 7 6 1

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 3,656 2,572 1,084 1,100 837 263 212 177 35

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 1,081 638 443 264 190 74 35 27 8

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 139 82 57 3 3 0 0 0 0

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 181 139 42 148 111 37 33 24 9

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 240 200 40 36 33 3 18 18 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,314 1,027 287 486 373 113 102 87 15

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 591 421 170 124 98 26 17 15 2

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 110 65 45 39 29 10 7 6 1

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,325 6,019 3,306 3,275 2,148 1,127 89 66 23

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,324 4,056 1,268 1,775 1,249 526 25 16 9

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 305 218 87 919 568 351 60 47 13

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 906 610 296 72 30 42 3 2 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,362 144 1,218 22 5 17 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 903 588 315 276 155 121 1 1 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 3 1 2 80 65 15 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 522 402 120 131 76 55 0 0 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 2,985 1,104 1,881 904 473 431 140 87 53

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,356 907 1,449 741 403 338 117 74 43

African studies ............................................................................. 35 7 28 14 8 6 5 4 1

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,067 380 687 178 76 102 74 37 37

Latin American studies ................................................................ 253 101 152 145 75 70 4 3 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 56 28 28 88 60 28 5 3 2

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 149 62 87 83 47 36 3 3 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 429 192 237 167 90 77 18 17 1

European studies ........................................................................ 164 61 103 45 34 11 2 1 1

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 203 76 127 21 13 8 6 6 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 448 126 322 95 36 59 9 4 5

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 162 64 98 24 10 14 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 58 16 42 18 7 11 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 118 5 113 25 9 16 3 1 2

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 110 41 69 28 10 18 6 3 3

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 181 71 110 68 34 34 14 9 5

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 38,445 20,064 18,381 5,059 2,647 2,412 3,432 2,307 1,125

Biology, general .............................................................................. 27,593 14,205 13,388 2,130 1,122 1,008 658 431 227

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,111 1,261 850 257 142 115 464 327 137

Botany, total .................................................................................... 341 174 167 297 177 120 263 195 68

Botany, general ........................................................................... 317 161 156 192 104 88 152 110 42

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 11 8 3 94 66 28 86 65 21

Botany, other ............................................................................... 13 5 8 11 7 4 25 20 5

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 592 354 238 87 49 38 186 127 59

Cell biology .................................................................................. 29 10 19 28 17 11 51 32 19
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 205

Table 30.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1984–85—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 322 199 123 51 26 25 104 74 30

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 241 145 96 8 6 2 31 21 10

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,180 1,070 1,110 413 188 225 302 189 113

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,588 767 821 938 392 546 622 374 248

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 1 1 0 52 36 16 120 68 52

Ecology ........................................................................................ 494 265 229 188 105 83 81 53 28

Marine biology ............................................................................. 318 205 113 63 38 25 23 17 6

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 125 54 71 9 5 4 57 33 24

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 220 48 172 253 42 211 87 40 47

Toxicology ................................................................................... 90 30 60 57 29 28 43 34 9

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 166 71 95 124 48 76 115 66 49

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 15 5 10 85 31 54 42 27 15

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 159 88 71 107 58 49 54 36 18

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 3,128 1,766 1,362 778 503 275 802 571 231

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,544 1,438 1,106 329 209 120 175 130 45

Entomology ................................................................................. 136 91 45 189 140 49 169 138 31

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 21 4 17 60 30 30 98 70 28

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 38 18 20 54 26 28 196 124 72

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 389 215 174 146 98 48 158 107 51

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 4

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 912 467 445 159 74 85 135 93 42

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 232,636 127,659 104,977 66,996 46,209 20,787 831 688 143

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 228,883 126,119 102,764 66,970 46,197 20,773 829 688 141

Business, general ........................................................................... 42,904 24,098 18,806 14,001 9,621 4,380 181 150 31

Business administration and management, total ........................... 68,272 38,362 29,910 35,122 24,734 10,388 392 330 62

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,463 125 1,338 4 0 4 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 736 616 120 94 78 16 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 66,073 37,621 28,452 35,024 24,656 10,368 392 330 62

Accounting ...................................................................................... 47,333 24,108 23,225 3,215 1,951 1,264 59 46 13

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 861 53 808 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,583 2,317 1,266 248 186 62 41 38 3

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 69 54 15 1 1 0 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 20,625 13,362 7,263 4,989 3,530 1,459 34 31 3

Finance, general ......................................................................... 19,881 12,878 7,003 4,790 3,382 1,408 31 29 2

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 137 84 53 23 16 7 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 425 276 149 44 33 11 3 2 1

Investments and securities ......................................................... 182 124 58 132 99 33 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 3,774 2,174 1,600 297 188 109 0 0 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 4,197 2,089 2,108 1,819 951 868 49 32 17

Human resources management .................................................. 2,528 1,238 1,290 962 474 488 12 6 6

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,265 642 623 722 421 301 17 14 3

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 404 209 195 135 56 79 20 12 8

International business ..................................................................... 914 413 501 1,814 1,250 564 6 5 1

Business information systems, total ............................................... 4,211 2382 1829 791 589 202 1 1 0

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 3,025 1,735 1,290 789 589 200 1 1 0

Business information systems, other .......................................... 1,186 647 539 2 0 2 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 1,501 881 620 264 199 65 9 8 1

Business statistics ....................................................................... 117 61 56 15 10 5 4 3 1

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,384 820 564 249 189 60 5 5 0

Marketing management and research ............................................ 26,406 13,378 13,028 1,707 956 751 27 21 6

Real estate ...................................................................................... 645 511 134 159 126 33 1 0 1

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 1,175 861 314 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 159 87 72 7 1 6 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 3,429 1,850 1,579 1,361 1,053 308 29 26 3

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 3,753 1,540 2,213 26 12 14 2 0 2

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 813 38 775 1 0 1 2 0 2

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 979 494 485 5 1 4 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 1,322 682 640 1 1 0 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 186 56 130 13 5 8 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 453 270 183 6 5 1 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 42,002 17,175 24,827 3,669 1,576 2,093 234 143 91

Communications, total ........................................................................ 40,358 16,318 24,040 3,460 1,447 2,013 228 138 90

Communications, general ............................................................... 17,886 6,991 10,895 1,486 597 889 152 92 60

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,495 906 1,589 137 47 90 0 0 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 11,615 4,338 7,277 1,173 493 680 38 26 12

Journalism ................................................................................... 10,503 3,868 6,635 1,143 482 661 38 26 12

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 1,112 470 642 30 11 19 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 1,250 338 912 88 24 64 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 6,059 3,336 2,723 318 168 150 19 10 9

Communications, other ................................................................... 1,053 409 644 258 118 140 19 10 9

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,644 857 787 209 129 80 6 5 1

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 12 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 1,548 792 756 89 43 46 4 3 1

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 84 57 27 120 86 34 2 2 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 38,878 24,579 14,299 7,101 5,064 2,037 248 223 25
206 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 30.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1984–85—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 31,463 20,128 11,335 6,070 4,387 1,683 231 209 22

Computer programming .................................................................. 337 263 74 29 25 4 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 1,053 622 431 21 14 7 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 4,293 2,494 1,799 719 451 268 10 7 3

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 515 292 223 91 71 20 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 1,217 780 437 171 116 55 7 7 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 88,072 21,252 66,820 74,654 20,537 54,117 6,612 3,172 3,440

Education, general .......................................................................... 2,032 427 1,605 8,256 2,292 5,964 1,157 538 619

Bilingual and bicultural education ................................................... 115 14 101 309 71 238 10 3 7

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 341 14 327 3,245 732 2,513 732 275 457

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 40 6 34 10,571 4,979 5,592 2,003 1,085 918

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 15 4 11 7,051 3,410 3,641 1,448 816 632

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 71 37 34 19 7 12

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 1 0 1 152 31 121 22 8 14

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 815 310 505 34 13 21

Elementary and secondary education administration ................. 8 2 6 1,424 739 685 50 27 23

Higher education administration ................................................. 2 0 2 264 89 175 311 160 151

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 97 39 58 13 6 7

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 14 0 14 697 324 373 106 48 58

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 39 3 36 917 269 648 53 26 27

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 0 0 0 194 69 125 129 62 67

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 0 0 0 145 49 96 77 40 37

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 0 0 0 44 16 28 52 22 30

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, other ............... 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 0 0 0 220 71 149 131 70 61

Special education, total .................................................................. 9,134 574 8,560 9,933 1,211 8,722 235 81 154

Special education, general .......................................................... 5,940 374 5,566 7,070 901 6,169 199 70 129

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 280 14 266 252 22 230 1 0 1

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 10 0 10 143 14 129 2 2 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 306 35 271 325 54 271 2 0 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 883 57 826 264 43 221 3 2 1

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 28 4 24 125 10 115 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 53 11 42 96 7 89 2 0 2

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 27 0 27 81 22 59 1 1 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 433 32 401 908 80 828 18 4 14

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 775 28 747 354 16 338 3 1 2

Special education, other ............................................................. 399 19 380 315 42 273 4 1 3

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 118 33 85 9,089 2,469 6,620 456 205 251

General teacher education, total .................................................... 41,167 3,684 37,483 15,420 2,550 12,870 495 202 293

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 300 38 262 661 206 455 134 59 75

Elementary education ................................................................. 33,162 2,442 30,720 9,075 909 8,166 130 43 87

Junior high/intermediate and middle school education .............. 484 79 405 403 50 353 3 2 1

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,275 79 4,196 1,325 40 1,285 30 5 25

Secondary education .................................................................. 2,604 998 1,606 3,195 1,145 2,050 112 50 62

General teacher education, other ............................................... 342 48 294 761 200 561 86 43 43

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 34,216 16,229 17,987 14,531 5,269 9,262 968 511 457

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 812 667 145 363 286 77 23 20 3

Art education ............................................................................... 1,272 243 1,029 579 154 425 38 16 22

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 2,078 359 1,719 706 106 600 41 19 22

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 72 63 9 74 66 8 3 2 1

English education ........................................................................ 1,035 208 827 378 73 305 31 6 25

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 139 21 118 147 66 81 19 8 11

Health education ......................................................................... 1,464 391 1,073 749 175 574 97 40 57

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 1,080 16 1,064 238 2 236 11 0 11

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 2,666 2,401 265 622 509 113 52 34 18

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 322 121 201 33 14 19 2 2 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,027 407 620 426 125 301 29 14 15

Music education .......................................................................... 3,671 1,527 2,144 945 409 536 75 54 21

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 13,484 6,913 6,571 3,603 1,850 1,753 227 134 93

Reading education ...................................................................... 161 16 145 3,211 235 2,976 82 14 68

Science education ....................................................................... 842 379 463 455 184 271 64 38 26

Social science education ............................................................ 533 275 258 133 47 86 9 7 2

Social studies education ............................................................. 957 548 409 168 89 79 7 4 3

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 232 158 74 162 100 62 33 18 15

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,553 1,217 336 765 465 300 61 44 17

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 816 299 517 774 314 460 64 37 27

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 29 6 23 564 141 423 11 4 7

Education, other .............................................................................. 841 262 579 1,405 414 991 232 110 122

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 95,828 83,232 12,596 21,555 19,247 2,308 3,230 3,022 208

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 77,066 65,889 11,177 20,905 18,664 2,241 3,221 3,014 207

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 3,366 2,803 563 1,375 1,220 155 274 261 13

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,854 2,613 241 605 574 31 110 106 4

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 770 702 68 197 182 15 35 35 0

Architectural engineering 372 303 69 49 45 4 6 6 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 605 424 181 290 220 70 49 43 6
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 207

Table 30.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1984–85—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 274 202 72 77 61 16 15 15 0

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 7,146 5,289 1,857 1,544 1,277 267 418 379 39

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 9,162 7,931 1,231 3,172 2,835 337 377 356 21

Computer engineering .................................................................... 1,839 1,529 310 495 434 61 30 30 0

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 21,691 19,275 2,416 5,153 4,719 434 660 632 28

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 349 302 47 219 196 23 64 62 2

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 339 295 44 94 91 3 26 23 3

Engineering science ....................................................................... 356 299 57 183 164 19 26 25 1

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 150 110 40 319 246 73 25 23 2

Geological engineering ................................................................... 369 292 77 79 63 16 5 5 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 98 86 12 11 9 2 3 3 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,914 2,766 1,148 1,462 1,235 227 139 125 14

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 388 283 105 348 275 73 180 157 23

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 16,794 15,045 1,749 3,053 2,848 205 409 385 24

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 613 505 108 251 228 23 88 79 9

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 462 432 30 92 88 4 10 10 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 595 567 28 101 95 6 9 9 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 401 355 46 290 271 19 85 82 3

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 130 109 21 85 80 5 24 24 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 1,719 1,501 218 265 248 17 24 24 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 263 184 79 143 121 22 20 19 1

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 29 18 11 8 7 1 4 4 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 2,018 1,669 349 945 832 113 106 92 14

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 18,762 17,343 1,419 650 583 67 9 8 1

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 1,069 987 82 15 15 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/ civil technologies ................................................ 649 599 50 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 4,874 4,617 257 10 10 0 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 189 181 8 14 12 2 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 125 94 31 26 23 3 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,784 4,349 435 320 292 28 1 1 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 213 177 36 88 81 7 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 2,844 2,701 143 3 3 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 119 110 9 2 2 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 93 79 14 19 18 1 0 0 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 170 160 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 14 14 0 24 20 4 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies/technicians, other ...................... 3,619 3,275 344 129 107 22 8 7 1

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 33,218 11,334 21,884 5,187 1,786 3,401 1,041 470 571

English language and literature, general ........................................ 23,572 7,742 15,830 3,640 1,246 2,394 698 314 384

Comparative literature .................................................................... 532 139 393 200 63 137 126 56 70

English composition ........................................................................ 68 30 38 14 5 9 1 0 1

English creative writing ................................................................... 427 178 249 357 150 207 1 0 1

American literature (United States) ................................................ 43 18 25 5 1 4 1 0 1

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,321 501 820 226 65 161 73 31 42

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 6,287 2,396 3,891 610 208 402 108 58 50

English technical and business writing ........................................... 190 65 125 15 6 9 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 778 265 513 120 42 78 33 11 22

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 10,827 2,979 7,848 2,471 837 1,634 635 286 349

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,150 322 828 816 276 540 209 97 112

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 660 182 478 183 52 131 54 20 34

Linguistics .................................................................................... 490 140 350 633 224 409 155 77 78

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 263 122 141 51 25 26 19 9 10

Chinese ....................................................................................... 97 42 55 21 10 11 3 2 1

Japanese ..................................................................................... 116 48 68 8 3 5 3 1 2

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 50 32 18 22 12 10 13 6 7

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 500 208 292 114 43 71 28 14 14

Russian ....................................................................................... 432 180 252 47 17 30 6 3 3

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 59 24 35 64 24 40 21 10 11

East european languages, other ................................................. 9 4 5 3 2 1 1 1 0

Germanic languages, total .............................................................. 1,465 535 930 259 100 159 63 28 35

German ....................................................................................... 1,411 515 896 240 94 146 58 24 34

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 29 13 16 6 2 4 0 0 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 25 7 18 13 4 9 5 4 1

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 0 0 0 5 1 4 6 2 4

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 6,705 1,445 5,260 956 257 699 209 76 133

French ......................................................................................... 2,991 545 2,446 385 81 304 74 24 50

Italian ........................................................................................... 190 46 144 44 19 25 9 6 3

Portuguese .................................................................................. 29 10 19 8 3 5 2 1 1

Spanish ....................................................................................... 3,415 830 2,585 505 150 355 115 41 74

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 80 14 66 14 4 10 9 4 5

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 82 37 45 43 25 18 8 7 1

Arabic .......................................................................................... 8 3 5 4 2 2 0 0 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 71 31 40 23 12 11 4 4 0

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 3 3 0 16 11 5 4 3 1
208 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 30.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1984–85—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 509 256 253 143 68 75 44 26 18

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 383 189 194 114 54 60 43 25 18

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 50 28 22 6 4 2 1 1 0

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 76 39 37 23 10 13 0 0 0

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 153 54 99 84 42 42 49 27 22

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 64,422 9,741 54,681 17,385 4,119 13,266 1,199 565 634

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 41 32 9 12 4 8 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 2,526 132 2,394 2,838 156 2,682 92 37 55

Community health liason ................................................................ 208 38 170 338 85 253 11 5 6

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 141 111 30 426 338 88 4 3 1

Dental services ............................................................................... 942 20 922 23 1 22 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 3,190 677 2,513 2,386 1,007 1,379 24 11 13

Health care and services administration ..................................... 2,138 584 1,554 1,967 882 1,085 19 9 10

Medical records administration ................................................... 619 45 574 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 433 48 385 419 125 294 5 2 3

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 576 259 317 44 15 29 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 1 0 1 11 7 4 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 575 259 316 33 8 25 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 867 318 549 53 41 12 1 1 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 255 93 162 3 3 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 612 225 387 50 38 12 1 1 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 4,406 865 3,541 1,264 496 768 116 53 63

Medical technology ..................................................................... 1,492 277 1,215 105 25 80 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 2,914 588 2,326 1,159 471 688 116 53 63

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 1,032 692 340 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 151 127 24 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 707 476 231 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 171 89 82 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 216 56 160 239 149 90 126 84 42

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 108 50 58 187 112 75 69 52 17

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 306 57 249 250 80 170 8 2 6

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 33 7 26 28 9 19 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 75 9 66 60 20 40 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 41 8 33 54 10 44 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 157 33 124 108 41 67 8 2 6

Nursing ............................................................................................ 34,473 1,976 32,497 5,821 461 5,360 273 27 246

Optometry ....................................................................................... 255 168 87 5 3 2 0 0 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 5,011 2,343 2,668 282 175 107 147 100 47

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 116 58 58 50 16 34

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 5,865 882 4,983 1,518 315 1,203 23 11 12

Art therapy ................................................................................... 58 3 55 155 14 141 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 4 0 4 34 1 33 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 280 31 249 22 2 20 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,853 112 1,741 309 21 288 1 0 1

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 15 11 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,129 626 2,503 400 114 286 2 2 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 160 32 128 13 3 10 1 0 1

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 151 30 121 504 134 370 12 6 6

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 215 37 178 81 26 55 7 3 4

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 203 107 96 130 89 41 126 83 43

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 510 46 464 290 23 267 3 1 2

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,543 910 2,633 1,163 511 652 126 79 47

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 15,157 993 14,164 2,375 279 2,096 273 78 195

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 14,031 732 13,299 2,264 258 2,006 267 75 192

Home economics, general .............................................................. 4,043 144 3,899 597 16 581 70 12 58

Business home economics ............................................................. 154 8 146 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 184 14 170 13 2 11 0 0 0

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 565 61 504 54 10 44 15 4 11

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 3,277 215 3,062 786 81 705 69 25 44

Housing studies .............................................................................. 696 54 642 45 6 39 2 0 2

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 2,078 120 1,958 629 135 494 92 31 61

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,818 99 2,719 118 4 114 19 3 16

Home economics, other .................................................................. 216 17 199 22 4 18 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,126 261 865 111 21 90 6 3 3

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 542 27 515 50 10 40 6 3 3

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 222 88 134 19 2 17 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 362 146 216 42 9 33 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 1,157 449 708 1,796 1,377 419 105 88 17

Law, general ................................................................................... 231 108 123 1,354 1,047 307 103 86 17

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 278 179 99 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 368 67 301 1 1 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 280 95 185 441 329 112 2 2 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 21,818 9,507 12,311 1,696 637 1,059 112 56 56
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 209

Table 30.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1984–85—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, total ............................ 17,033 8119 8914 1,532 561 971 99 48 51

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 14,406 7,183 7,223 1,016 373 643 40 20 20

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 2,627 936 1,691 516 188 328 59 28 31

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 4,785 1,388 3,397 164 76 88 13 8 5

Library science, total .............................................................................. 197 23 174 3,870 753 3,117 87 39 48

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 192 21 171 3,851 746 3,105 72 31 41

Library science, other ..................................................................... 5 2 3 19 7 12 15 8 7

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 15,861 8,537 7,324 3,413 2,289 1,124 734 620 114

Mathematics .................................................................................... 12,975 6,889 6,086 1,892 1,186 706 471 402 69

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,700 940 760 838 635 203 93 77 16

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 848 483 365 284 204 80 58 47 11

Operations research .................................................................... 852 457 395 554 431 123 35 30 5

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 98 60 38 27 15 12 13 11 2

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 371 220 151 490 325 165 137 112 25

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 717 428 289 166 128 38 20 18 2

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 12,978 6,576 6,402 2,583 1,618 965 219 145 74

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,416 1,438 978 254 148 106 16 11 5

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 31 18 13 876 750 126 8 7 1

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 4 2 2 23 5 18 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 10,527 5,118 5,409 1,430 715 715 195 127 68

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies total ............................... 4,725 1,792 2,933 596 267 329 36 23 13

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 2,127 750 1,377 257 105 152 20 11 9

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,254 879 1,375 228 97 131 6 4 2

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 132 53 79 52 26 26 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 212 110 102 59 39 20 10 8 2

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 6,400 4,244 2,156 1,167 701 466 468 377 91

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,354 2,269 1,085 431 316 115 234 191 43

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,763 1,778 985 677 352 325 214 168 46

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 283 197 86 59 33 26 20 18 2

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 23,704 17,069 6,635 5,796 4,452 1,344 3,403 2,851 552

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 23,626 17,036 6,590 5,785 4,444 1,341 3,390 2,838 552

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 572 415 157 83 62 21 14 11 3

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 90 71 19 70 56 14 50 44 6

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 21 18 3 21 20 1 9 8 1

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 414 346 68 236 196 40 70 64 6

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 10,482 6,691 3,791 1,719 1,162 557 1,789 1,438 351

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 10,196 6,506 3,690 1,598 1,080 518 1,631 1,311 320

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 7 5 2 9 8 1

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 1 1 0 11 9 2

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 1 1 0 5 2 3 21 18 3

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 10 4 6 44 27 17 54 43 11

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 275 180 95 64 47 17 63 49 14

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 6,308 4,750 1,558 1,692 1,283 409 289 234 55

Geology ....................................................................................... 5,902 4,440 1,462 1,489 1,135 354 220 178 42

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 8 5 3 3 2 1 7 5 2

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 226 179 47 107 81 26 39 33 6

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 172 126 46 93 65 28 23 18 5

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 969 716 253 317 233 84 138 108 30

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 1 0 1 37 36 1 12 11 1

Oceanography ............................................................................. 190 150 40 121 84 37 62 43 19

Earth science .............................................................................. 688 491 197 114 78 36 46 38 8

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 90 75 15 45 35 10 18 16 2

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,097 3,538 559 1,523 1,333 190 951 867 84

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,988 3,443 545 1,445 1,268 177 874 797 77

Physics, other .............................................................................. 109 95 14 78 65 13 77 70 7

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 673 491 182 124 99 25 80 64 16

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 78 33 45 11 8 3 13 13 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 553 357 196 4 3 1 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 278 227 51 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 275 130 145 4 3 1 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 12,510 7,694 4,816 1,235 850 385 33 27 6

Criminal justice, total ...................................................................... 12,211 7,462 4,749 1,196 823 373 33 27 6

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 619 287 332 133 83 50 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 3,365 2,082 1,283 347 250 97 3 2 1

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 6,063 3,642 2,421 579 408 171 30 25 5

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 91 47 44 33 22 11 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,384 984 400 60 36 24 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 689 420 269 44 24 20 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 136 134 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 163 98 65 39 27 12 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 39,900 12,706 27,194 9,891 3,452 6,439 3,447 1,739 1,708

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 37,254 11,846 25,408 4,116 1,509 2,607 1,638 873 765

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 95 35 60 703 267 436 784 374 410

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 107 27 80 1,925 609 1,316 162 84 78

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 317 30 287 149 45 104 52 23 29

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 152 57 95 29 17 12 58 34 24

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 93 29 64 321 171 150 23 13 10
210 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 30.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1984–85—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 147 68 79 1 1 0 13 10 3

Social psychology ........................................................................... 393 155 238 150 57 93 35 14 21

School psychology .......................................................................... 89 12 77 1,483 408 1,075 539 247 292

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,253 447 806 1,014 368 646 143 67 76

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 11,754 2,829 8,925 15,575 5,573 10,002 431 213 218

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 797 214 583 327 156 171 13 4 9

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,528 1,296 1,232 5,674 3,369 2,305 142 99 43

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 170 68 102 328 194 134 26 17 9

Social work ..................................................................................... 8,022 1,156 6,866 8,846 1,707 7,139 244 90 154

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 237 95 142 400 147 253 6 3 3

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 299 273 26 119 118 1 0 0 0

Reserve Officers Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................. 298 272 26 68 67 1 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 1 1 0 51 51 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 91,570 51,226 40,344 10,503 6,475 4,028 2,851 1,933 918

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 4,268 1,805 2,463 520 290 230 40 30 10

Anthropology ................................................................................... 2,625 995 1,630 742 313 429 343 174 169

Archeology ...................................................................................... 49 20 29 29 12 17 7 4 3

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,109 629 480 58 36 22 3 1 2

Demography and population studies .............................................. 36 8 28 22 14 8 5 3 2

Economics ...................................................................................... 20,711 13,562 7,149 1,992 1,508 484 749 627 122

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,127 2120 1007 564 382 182 134 103 31

Geography ................................................................................... 3,100 2,100 1,000 562 380 182 134 103 31

Cartography ................................................................................. 27 20 7 2 2 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 16,049 10,076 5,973 1,921 1,120 801 468 304 164

International relations and affairs ................................................... 3,354 1,570 1,784 1,471 970 501 65 54 11

Political science and government, general ..................................... 25,834 15,640 10,194 1,500 1,062 438 441 326 115

Sociology ........................................................................................ 11,968 3,701 8,267 1,022 456 566 480 232 248

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 563 277 286 365 190 175 34 22 12

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 1,877 823 1,054 297 122 175 82 53 29

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 6,047 4,411 1,636 4,435 2,881 1,554 1,144 1,039 105

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 77 68 9 37 32 5 0 0 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 2,184 1,712 472 226 169 57 8 8 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 206 132 74 144 108 36 44 42 2

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,206 636 570 903 424 479 18 13 5

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 291 156 135 148 95 53 8 6 2

Theological and ministerial studies ................................................ 1,541 1,321 220 1,988 1,429 559 849 766 83

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 8 8 0 83 35 48 4 3 1

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 534 378 156 906 589 317 213 201 12

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,962 1765 197 295 282 13 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,962 1,765 197 295 282 13 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 38,140 14,462 23,678 8,718 3,894 4,824 696 407 289

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,494 511 983 220 81 139 4 3 1

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 190 53 137 10 6 4 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 730 78 652 236 27 209 6 0 6

Design and applied art ................................................................... 5,098 1,799 3,299 275 133 142 3 0 3

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 4,997 2,124 2,873 1,175 571 604 83 46 37

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,632 956 676 316 203 113 5 3 2

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 596 380 216 203 136 67 4 3 1

Photography ................................................................................ 677 345 332 84 52 32 1 0 1

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 359 231 128 29 15 14 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 15,279 4,835 10,444 2,870 1,106 1,764 161 54 107

Art, general .................................................................................. 9,833 3,165 6,668 1,564 637 927 35 12 23

Art history,criticism and conservation ......................................... 1,694 337 1,357 411 102 309 105 35 70

Arts management ........................................................................ 100 23 77 67 14 53 1 0 1

Painting ....................................................................................... 849 309 540 200 89 111 1 1 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 91 31 60 25 10 15 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 96 9 87 14 2 12 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 39 6 33 7 4 3 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 2,577 955 1,622 582 248 334 19 6 13

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 180 79 101 16 5 11 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 7,613 3,612 4,001 3,533 1,723 1,810 432 299 133

Music, general ............................................................................. 3,919 1,772 2,147 1,418 696 722 205 142 63

Music history and literature ......................................................... 130 51 79 59 22 37 19 11 8

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,615 1,226 1,389 1,651 774 877 133 86 47

Music theory and composition .................................................... 297 196 101 160 102 58 51 41 10

Music, other ................................................................................. 652 367 285 245 129 116 24 19 5

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 927 415 512 67 39 28 2 2 0

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1984–85’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 211

Table 31.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1985–86

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 987,823 485,923 501,900 288,567 143,508 145,059 33,653 21,819 11,834

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 16,823 11,544 5,279 3,801 2,701 1,100 1,158 966 192

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 5,813 4,380 1,433 832 647 185 191 173 18

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 4,336 3,384 952 682 551 131 171 155 16

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 538 404 134 80 64 16 7 6 1

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,380 1,116 264 38 33 5 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 2,144 1,648 496 551 441 110 164 149 15

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 274 216 58 13 13 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 287 286 1 10 10 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 136 98 38 29 23 6 2 2 0

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 452 265 187 35 21 14 4 4 0

International agriculture .................................................................. 16 12 4 8 6 2 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 586 335 251 68 36 32 14 12 2

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 7,707 4,797 2,910 1,992 1,353 639 773 638 135

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 1,364 971 393 239 180 59 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,554 1,946 1,608 572 384 188 197 157 40

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 3,081 1,662 1,419 416 280 136 141 113 28

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 14 10 4 8 7 1

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 19 4 15 18 7 11 6 4 2

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 12 8 4 8 8 0

Dairy science ............................................................................... 208 146 62 42 29 13 11 9 2

Poultry science ............................................................................ 94 72 22 33 24 9 12 8 4

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 152 62 90 37 26 11 11 8 3

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 537 264 273 253 137 116 101 73 28

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 2,027 1,465 562 777 545 232 390 335 55

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 326 213 113 92 67 25 19 16 3

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 781 656 125 357 271 86 211 190 21

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 693 421 272 183 107 76 63 48 15

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 8 8 0 24 16 8 39 32 7

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 2 2 0 16 9 7 20 15 5

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 40 32 8 26 13 13 2 2 0

Range science and management ............................................... 137 104 33 66 54 12 34 30 4

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 40 29 11 13 8 5 2 2 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 167 123 44 129 89 40 77 68 9

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 58 28 30 22 18 4 8 5 3

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 3,303 2,367 936 977 701 276 194 155 39

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 942 570 372 217 139 78 36 27 9

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 179 111 68 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 179 149 30 114 83 31 27 18 9

Forestry production and processing technology/technician ........... 185 157 28 27 25 2 15 11 4

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,113 891 222 464 333 131 95 83 12

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 586 419 167 114 91 23 15 11 4

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 119 70 49 41 30 11 6 5 1

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,119 5,824 3,295 3,260 2,129 1,131 73 56 17

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,149 3,875 1,274 1,765 1,266 499 19 17 2

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 323 240 83 861 528 333 50 37 13

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 810 496 314 49 24 25 2 2 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,474 204 1,270 25 8 17 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 735 495 240 310 152 158 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 1 0 1 64 46 18 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 627 514 113 186 105 81 2 0 2

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,178 1,264 1,914 945 490 455 159 89 70

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,488 980 1,508 772 410 362 121 70 51

African studies ............................................................................. 91 43 48 18 8 10 7 4 3

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 907 325 582 184 85 99 64 34 30

Latin American studies ................................................................ 244 77 167 133 64 69 2 2 0

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 55 33 22 82 55 27 12 7 5

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 218 112 106 94 57 37 3 2 1

Asian studies ............................................................................... 538 252 286 154 85 69 24 15 9

European studies ........................................................................ 193 60 133 68 47 21 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 242 78 164 39 9 30 9 6 3

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 532 225 307 101 46 55 14 6 8

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 156 60 96 21 13 8 2 1 1

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 49 20 29 20 10 10 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 118 4 114 18 1 17 2 0 2

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 209 141 68 42 22 20 10 5 5

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 158 59 99 72 34 38 24 13 11

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 38,524 19,993 18,531 5,013 2,616 2,397 3,358 2,229 1,129

Biology, general .............................................................................. 27,618 14,135 13,483 2,173 1,131 1,042 574 382 192

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,109 1,242 867 279 165 114 468 306 162

Botany, total .................................................................................... 296 153 143 304 157 147 267 197 70

Botany, general ........................................................................... 273 140 133 212 116 96 155 108 47

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 17 10 7 78 32 46 84 73 11

Botany, other ............................................................................... 6 3 3 14 9 5 28 16 12

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 607 357 250 82 45 37 196 122 74

Cell biology .................................................................................. 61 32 29 17 10 7 61 40 21
212 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 31.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1985–86—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 341 192 149 47 23 24 107 68 39

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 205 133 72 18 12 6 28 14 14

Microbiology/ bacteriology .............................................................. 2,217 1,084 1,133 353 186 167 336 220 116

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,596 799 797 927 391 536 542 315 227

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 13 4 9 76 43 33 77 53 24

Ecology ........................................................................................ 478 280 198 208 125 83 68 53 15

Marine biology ............................................................................. 281 174 107 53 37 16 18 12 6

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 75 50 25 21 14 7 53 37 16

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 265 49 216 244 36 208 89 30 59

Toxicology ................................................................................... 85 46 39 51 25 26 40 26 14

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 206 105 101 108 33 75 95 48 47

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 12 6 6 66 27 39 42 24 18

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 181 85 96 100 51 49 60 32 28

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 2,940 1,599 1,341 723 446 277 844 604 240

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,395 1,330 1,065 289 172 117 201 141 60

Entomology ................................................................................. 92 67 25 166 116 50 168 146 22

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 14 5 9 45 24 21 97 64 33

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 32 15 17 60 31 29 199 131 68

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 406 181 225 163 103 60 173 120 53

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 1 1 0 0 0 0 6 2 4

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,141 624 517 172 95 77 131 83 48

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 237,319 128,780 108,539 66,689 45,938 20,751 934 729 205

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 233,893 127,424 106,469 66,619 45,891 20,728 930 729 201

Business, general ........................................................................... 42,501 23,394 19,107 11,128 7,773 3,355 195 151 44

Business administration and management, total ........................... 68,843 37,998 30,845 36,392 25,399 10,993 433 350 83

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,336 104 1,232 1 0 1 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 701 543 158 85 77 8 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 66,806 37,351 29,455 36,306 25,322 10,984 433 350 83

Accounting ...................................................................................... 45,885 22,771 23,114 3,141 1,919 1,222 53 38 15

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 777 25 752 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,651 2,407 1,244 234 176 58 44 37 7

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 103 62 41 4 2 2 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 23,375 15244 8131 5,056 3597 1459 56 50 6

Finance, general ......................................................................... 22,483 14,692 7,791 4,872 3,464 1,408 53 48 5

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 184 102 82 28 19 9 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 451 296 155 38 25 13 3 2 1

Investments and securities ......................................................... 257 154 103 118 89 29 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 4,424 2,502 1,922 252 174 78 1 0 1

Human resources management, total ............................................ 4,101 1955 2146 1,634 852 782 42 30 12

Human resources management .................................................. 2,479 1,149 1,330 915 479 436 5 2 3

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,205 601 604 593 316 277 16 13 3

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 417 205 212 126 57 69 21 15 6

International business ..................................................................... 1,043 451 592 1,637 1,090 547 12 9 3

Business information systems, total ............................................... 4,492 2539 1953 996 740 256 5 3 2

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 3,205 1,812 1,393 995 739 256 5 3 2

Business information systems, other .......................................... 1,287 727 560 1 1 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 1,478 877 601 268 205 63 15 12 3

Business statistics ....................................................................... 141 79 62 13 11 2 11 9 2

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,337 798 539 255 194 61 4 3 1

Marketing management and research ............................................ 27,804 13,978 13,826 1,770 986 784 25 14 11

Real estate ...................................................................................... 865 648 217 188 138 50 1 1 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 19 18 1 1,083 789 294 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 219 128 91 6 1 5 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 4,313 2,427 1,886 2,830 2,050 780 48 34 14

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 3,426 1,356 2,070 70 47 23 4 0 4

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 871 33 838 1 0 1 4 0 4

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 739 403 336 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 1,111 588 523 42 29 13 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 199 58 141 14 10 4 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 506 274 232 13 8 5 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 43,076 17,639 25,437 3,823 1,610 2,213 223 116 107

Communications, total ........................................................................ 41,666 16,887 24,779 3,500 1,405 2,095 212 111 101

Communications, general ............................................................... 18,504 7,152 11,352 1,452 565 887 158 74 84

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,677 974 1,703 136 46 90 3 2 1

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 11,495 4,315 7,180 1,142 456 686 27 20 7

Journalism ................................................................................... 10,402 3,828 6,574 1,128 449 679 27 20 7

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 1,093 487 606 14 7 7 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 1,215 363 852 78 28 50 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 6,140 3,403 2,737 298 166 132 11 8 3

Communications, other ................................................................... 1,635 680 955 394 144 250 13 7 6

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,410 752 658 323 205 118 11 5 6

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 19 13 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 1,269 662 607 192 117 75 6 5 1

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 122 77 45 131 88 43 5 0 5

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 41,889 26,923 14,966 8,070 5,658 2,412 344 299 45
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 213

Table 31.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1985–86—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 34,072 22,285 11,787 6,813 4,881 1,932 332 291 41

Computer programming .................................................................. 340 262 78 14 8 6 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 1,067 602 465 35 20 15 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 4,305 2,465 1,840 893 526 367 3 1 2

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 487 289 198 96 59 37 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 1,618 1,020 598 219 164 55 9 7 2

Education, total ...................................................................................... 87,114 20,959 66,155 74,801 20,295 54,506 6,605 3,088 3,517

Education, general .......................................................................... 1,694 364 1,330 8,038 2,119 5,919 1,093 463 630

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 95 8 87 327 73 254 13 6 7

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 434 20 414 3,237 713 2,524 678 263 415

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 51 4 47 10,296 4,917 5,379 2,108 1,102 1,006

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 2 0 2 6,659 3,277 3,382 1,406 767 639

Administration of special education ............................................ 3 0 3 24 6 18 51 17 34

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 80 24 56 25 8 17

Educational supervision .............................................................. 1 0 1 863 303 560 35 11 24

Elementary and secondary education administration ................. 35 3 32 1,420 757 663 100 52 48

Higher education administration ................................................. 1 1 0 300 108 192 397 192 205

Community and junior college administration ............................. 0 0 0 94 36 58 14 8 6

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 9 0 9 856 406 450 80 47 33

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 30 10 20 948 286 662 54 23 31

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 7 0 7 202 77 125 142 66 76

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 7 0 7 79 32 47 63 30 33

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 31 19 12 45 21 24

Educational assessment, testing, and measurement ................. 0 0 0 92 26 66 34 15 19

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 0 0 0 221 79 142 132 52 80

Special education, total .................................................................. 8,206 540 7,666 9,311 1,079 8,232 245 86 159

Special education, general .......................................................... 5,165 346 4,819 6,894 836 6,058 201 75 126

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 231 11 220 221 25 196 2 0 2

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 3 0 3 158 12 146 3 0 3

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 280 26 254 228 37 191 2 0 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 742 65 677 182 27 155 4 0 4

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 58 5 53 97 9 88 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 49 6 43 45 5 40 1 0 1

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 31 1 30 74 12 62 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 427 25 402 785 72 713 21 7 14

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 753 24 729 299 10 289 1 1 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 467 31 436 328 34 294 10 3 7

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 122 23 99 9,314 2,362 6,952 417 215 202

General teacher education, total .................................................... 43,075 4,063 39,012 16,161 2,676 13,485 477 186 291

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 204 29 175 767 207 560 126 55 71

Elementary education ................................................................. 34,725 2,579 32,146 9,550 894 8,656 110 26 84

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 570 100 470 406 51 355 3 2 1

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,113 81 4,032 1,318 35 1,283 33 4 29

Secondary education .................................................................. 3,219 1,254 1,965 3,210 1,215 1,995 121 57 64

General teacher education .......................................................... 244 20 224 910 274 636 84 42 42

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 32,260 15,519 16,741 13,927 4,913 9,014 944 509 435

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 713 577 136 311 253 58 26 22 4

Art education ............................................................................... 1,070 230 840 511 136 375 39 17 22

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 2,134 411 1,723 604 122 482 34 16 18

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 63 52 11 74 62 12 0 0 0

English education ........................................................................ 1,005 186 819 383 75 308 28 8 20

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 197 40 157 131 50 81 19 10 9

Health education ......................................................................... 1,412 348 1,064 712 153 559 79 27 52

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 866 6 860 202 4 198 8 1 7

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 2,360 2,091 269 648 510 138 53 36 17

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution (vocational) .... 231 83 148 29 15 14 3 2 1

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,259 493 766 444 153 291 32 16 16

Music education .......................................................................... 3,330 1,415 1,915 862 368 494 80 52 28

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 12,811 6,718 6,093 3,439 1,729 1,710 222 136 86

Reading education ...................................................................... 127 10 117 3,209 202 3,007 99 23 76

Science education ....................................................................... 1,052 465 587 508 207 301 51 34 17

Social science education ............................................................ 518 317 201 155 62 93 8 6 2

Social studies education ............................................................. 874 538 336 144 67 77 11 8 3

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 220 171 49 171 95 76 25 12 13

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,493 1,161 332 691 412 279 71 46 25

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 525 207 318 699 238 461 56 37 19

Teaching English as a second language ....................................... 23 5 18 557 155 402 10 1 9

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,117 403 714 2,262 846 1,416 292 116 176

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 95,660 83,117 12,543 21,657 19,165 2,492 3,410 3,181 229

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 76,225 65,194 11,031 21,040 18,647 2,393 3,398 3,170 228

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,886 2,379 507 1,191 1,068 123 261 247 14

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,902 2,654 248 621 578 43 112 110 2

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 737 660 77 156 142 14 43 42 1

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 377 319 58 52 49 3 6 6 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 607 399 208 286 212 74 57 50 7

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 285 192 93 105 85 20 26 22 4
214 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 31.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1985–86—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 5,877 4,425 1,452 1,361 1,147 214 446 396 50

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 8,679 7,538 1,141 2,926 2,626 300 395 366 29

Computer engineering .................................................................... 2,192 1,839 353 612 529 83 56 55 1

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 23,742 20,906 2,836 5,534 4,978 556 722 683 39

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 307 274 33 180 163 17 79 78 1

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 376 320 56 72 70 2 26 26 0

Engineering science ....................................................................... 319 247 72 188 165 23 31 29 2

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 118 93 25 301 231 70 22 20 2

Geological engineering ................................................................... 287 240 47 56 51 5 2 2 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 96 83 13 3 3 0 1 1 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 4,162 2,902 1,260 1,653 1,374 279 130 111 19

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 436 300 136 394 333 61 165 144 21

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 16,194 14,525 1,669 3,075 2,838 237 426 415 11

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 536 430 106 284 232 52 102 95 7

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 342 323 19 95 85 10 19 17 2

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 487 466 21 63 61 2 12 12 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 413 366 47 260 242 18 74 70 4

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 133 115 18 89 86 3 37 33 4

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 1,459 1,322 137 274 248 26 32 31 1

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 231 154 77 186 155 31 14 14 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 26 21 5 4 4 0 3 3 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 2,019 1,702 317 1,019 892 127 99 92 7

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 19,435 17,923 1,512 617 518 99 12 11 1

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 881 818 63 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil engineering/civil technologies ................................................. 593 552 41 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic-related technologies ................................ 4,666 4,369 297 26 24 2 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 58 51 7 10 9 1 2 2 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 155 118 37 54 32 22 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,834 4,418 416 302 263 39 0 0 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 172 138 34 78 63 15 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 2,570 2,406 164 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 116 106 10 3 2 1 8 7 1

Surveying ........................................................................................ 123 107 16 15 13 2 2 2 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 151 146 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 26 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies, other ......................................... 5,090 4,668 422 129 112 17 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 34,552 11,819 22,733 5,518 1,881 3,637 991 428 563

English language and literature, general ........................................ 24,352 8,005 16,347 3,882 1,326 2,556 710 301 409

Comparative literature .................................................................... 469 162 307 183 70 113 96 38 58

English composition ........................................................................ 128 47 81 22 5 17 0 0 0

English creative writing ................................................................... 412 154 258 384 173 211 5 3 2

American literature (United States) ................................................ 45 20 25 6 3 3 5 1 4

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,345 501 844 261 74 187 72 30 42

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 6,702 2,597 4,105 606 190 416 87 49 38

English technical and business writing ........................................... 197 56 141 39 9 30 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 902 277 625 135 31 104 16 6 10

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 10,984 3,130 7,854 2,494 797 1,697 672 300 372

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,172 364 808 827 261 566 228 98 130

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 702 223 479 200 53 147 53 15 38

Linguistics .................................................................................... 470 141 329 627 208 419 175 83 92

East and southeast languages and literatures, total ...................... 282 126 156 41 19 22 16 9 7

Chinese ....................................................................................... 87 33 54 23 10 13 11 6 5

Japanese ..................................................................................... 150 68 82 3 1 2 1 0 1

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 45 25 20 15 8 7 4 3 1

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 562 246 316 100 47 53 31 17 14

Russian ....................................................................................... 493 217 276 33 14 19 3 1 2

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 66 28 38 66 32 34 24 13 11

East european languages and literatures, other ........................ 3 1 2 1 1 0 4 3 1

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,478 587 891 265 100 165 85 38 47

German ....................................................................................... 1,396 551 845 249 95 154 73 35 38

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 32 13 19 9 3 6 2 1 1

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 50 23 27 7 2 5 10 2 8

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 6 4 2 5 2 3 7 5 2

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 6,724 1,480 5,244 1,005 236 769 214 72 142

French ......................................................................................... 3,015 545 2,470 409 84 325 86 22 64

Italian ........................................................................................... 240 51 189 42 7 35 10 5 5

Portuguese .................................................................................. 21 11 10 3 0 3 4 1 3

Spanish ....................................................................................... 3,385 859 2,526 521 138 383 95 34 61

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 63 14 49 30 7 23 19 10 9

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 54 19 35 39 25 14 20 17 3

Arabic .......................................................................................... 4 2 2 4 2 2 0 0 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 39 12 27 20 13 7 2 1 1

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 11 5 6 15 10 5 18 16 2

Classical and ancient near east languages and literatures, total .. 565 262 303 165 87 78 52 33 19

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 412 205 207 146 80 66 49 32 17
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 215

Table 31.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1985–86—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 62 20 42 6 4 2 1 0 1

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 91 37 54 13 3 10 2 1 1

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 141 42 99 47 20 27 19 11 8

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 64,396 9,630 54,766 18,573 4,428 14,145 1,241 604 637

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 28 21 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 2,464 108 2,356 2,868 160 2,708 78 22 56

Community health liason ................................................................ 202 39 163 277 55 222 12 3 9

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 180 105 75 460 353 107 8 7 1

Dental services ............................................................................... 846 8 838 29 4 25 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 3,173 610 2563 2,549 987 1562 26 18 8

Health care and services administration ..................................... 2,351 525 1,826 2,171 838 1,333 12 7 5

Medical records administration ................................................... 613 37 576 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 19 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 190 48 142 378 149 229 14 11 3

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 516 222 294 57 17 40 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 2 1 1 21 10 11 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 514 221 293 36 7 29 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 915 348 567 38 23 15 1 1 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 237 83 154 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 678 265 413 38 23 15 1 1 0

Health and medical laboratory technology/technicians, total ......... 4,016 812 3204 1,220 467 753 112 55 57

Medical technology ..................................................................... 1,305 270 1,035 80 26 54 1 0 1

Health and medical laboratory technology/technicians, other .... 2,711 542 2,169 1,140 441 699 111 55 56

Health and preparatory programs, total ......................................... 836 578 258 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 128 95 33 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 668 464 204 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 39 19 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 118 63 55 493 354 139 100 67 33

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 136 56 80 183 97 86 82 59 23

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 412 74 338 246 78 168 11 6 5

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 42 16 26 30 9 21 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 64 10 54 66 18 48 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 48 9 39 24 3 21 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 258 39 219 126 48 78 11 6 5

Nursing ............................................................................................ 34,483 1,977 32,506 6,154 502 5,652 277 20 257

Optometry ....................................................................................... 279 160 119 12 7 5 1 0 1

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 5,130 2,364 2,766 277 174 103 184 135 49

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 112 56 56 51 13 38

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 5,917 870 5,047 1,554 334 1,220 20 12 8

Art therapy ................................................................................... 68 9 59 148 10 138 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 10 0 10 28 1 27 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 231 20 211 16 3 13 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 2,015 114 1,901 281 21 260 1 0 1

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 13 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,039 627 2,412 405 113 292 1 1 0

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 172 23 149 16 5 11 1 0 1

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 141 24 117 569 153 416 7 5 2

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 228 46 182 91 28 63 10 6 4

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 322 166 156 107 74 33 101 68 33

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 582 51 531 304 21 283 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,835 992 2,843 1,633 665 968 177 118 59

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 14,889 1,032 13,857 2,294 281 2,013 311 78 233

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 13,756 752 13,004 2,170 255 1,915 257 68 189

Home economics, general .............................................................. 3,916 134 3,782 525 28 497 58 12 46

Business home economics ............................................................. 165 8 157 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 184 9 175 15 1 14 0 0 0

Family/consumer resource management ....................................... 617 100 517 47 3 44 13 0 13

Foods and nutrition studies ............................................................ 3,191 232 2,959 678 67 611 62 23 39

Housing studies .............................................................................. 637 48 589 46 13 33 6 0 6

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 2,139 119 2,020 666 104 562 103 31 72

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,697 91 2,606 108 13 95 10 1 9

Home economics, other .................................................................. 210 11 199 85 26 59 5 1 4

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,133 280 853 124 26 98 54 10 44

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 573 37 536 37 10 27 11 3 8

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 79 24 55 24 3 21 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 481 219 262 63 13 50 43 7 36

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 1,197 419 778 1,924 1,441 483 54 48 6

Law, general ................................................................................... 8 4 4 691 529 162 49 43 6

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 275 166 109 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 366 44 322 2 2 0 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 548 205 343 1,231 910 321 5 5 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 21,336 9,415 11,921 1,586 620 966 90 52 38

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 14,236 7,004 7,232 969 358 611 19 11 8

Humanities and humanistic studies ................................................ 2,088 771 1,317 432 172 260 52 26 26
216 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 31.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1985–86—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 5,012 1,640 3,372 185 90 95 19 15 4

Library science, total .............................................................................. 155 17 138 3,564 705 2,859 62 27 35

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 150 15 135 3,553 702 2,851 53 22 31

Library science, other ..................................................................... 5 2 3 11 3 8 9 5 4

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 17,147 9,216 7,931 3,607 2,397 1,210 777 648 129

Mathematics, general ..................................................................... 13,784 7,209 6,575 2,080 1,332 748 504 423 81

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,941 1135 806 843 628 215 106 90 16

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 916 542 374 367 259 108 71 60 11

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 1,025 593 432 476 369 107 35 30 5

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 438 243 195 478 298 180 146 120 26

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 984 629 355 206 139 67 21 15 6

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 13,489 6,730 6,759 2,625 1,603 1,022 263 171 92

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,154 1,282 872 245 115 130 29 21 8

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 23 17 6 811 694 117 7 6 1

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 0 0 0 60 15 45 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 11,312 5,431 5,881 1,509 779 730 227 144 83

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies , total ............................ 4,620 1,725 2,895 570 269 301 39 26 13

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 1,905 689 1,216 229 105 124 21 13 8

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,271 860 1,411 220 102 118 9 6 3

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 187 62 125 75 35 40 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies , other ..................... 257 114 143 46 27 19 9 7 2

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 6,239 4,161 2,078 1,163 713 450 477 373 104

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,265 2,193 1,072 437 308 129 242 187 55

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,680 1,765 915 692 387 305 221 178 43

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 294 203 91 34 18 16 14 8 6

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 21,717 15,755 5,962 5,902 4,470 1,432 3,551 2,963 588

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 21,645 15,710 5,935 5,902 4,470 1,432 3,551 2,963 588

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 596 446 150 97 75 22 21 15 6

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 98 81 17 79 68 11 63 58 5

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 32 29 3 4 4 0 18 18 0

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 355 296 59 204 172 32 54 50 4

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 10,116 6,483 3,633 1,754 1,159 595 1,908 1,508 400

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 9,893 6,352 3,541 1,592 1,045 547 1,737 1,374 363

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 15 14 1 15 13 2

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 9 7 2 11 8 3

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 0 0 0 12 11 1 41 35 6

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 6 5 1 42 27 15 30 17 13

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 217 126 91 84 55 29 74 61 13

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 4,974 3,871 1,103 1,767 1,360 407 271 215 56

Geology ....................................................................................... 4,605 3,577 1,028 1,515 1,167 348 197 154 43

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 25 17 8 24 20 4 10 9 1

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 173 141 32 133 108 25 43 38 5

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 171 136 35 95 65 30 21 14 7

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 819 611 208 343 246 97 149 129 20

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 2 2 0 27 23 4 15 14 1

Oceanography ............................................................................. 191 151 40 141 104 37 83 73 10

Earth science .............................................................................. 576 417 159 128 84 44 41 35 6

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 50 41 9 47 35 12 10 7 3

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,180 3,569 611 1,501 1,277 224 1,010 919 91

Physics, general .......................................................................... 4,056 3,467 589 1,422 1,212 210 947 866 81

Physics, other .............................................................................. 124 102 22 79 65 14 63 53 10

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 475 324 151 153 109 44 57 51 6

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 72 45 27 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades total ........................................................... 400 328 72 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 278 247 31 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 122 81 41 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 12,704 7,963 4,741 1,074 748 326 21 17 4

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 12,478 7,773 4,705 1,056 739 317 21 17 4

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 531 256 275 99 68 31 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 3,146 1,967 1,179 352 246 106 4 3 1

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 6,465 3,975 2,490 471 334 137 17 14 3

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 115 48 67 33 26 7 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,473 1,086 387 55 35 20 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 748 441 307 46 30 16 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 121 114 7 4 3 1 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 105 76 29 14 6 8 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 40,628 12,605 28,023 9,845 3,347 6,498 3,593 1,724 1,869

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 37,875 11,772 26,103 3,837 1,416 2,421 1,628 810 818

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 60 18 42 968 302 666 831 377 454

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 104 24 80 1,905 578 1,327 209 111 98

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 279 27 252 126 34 92 36 17 19

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 173 55 118 29 15 14 53 28 25

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 82 28 54 350 195 155 25 14 11

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 102 46 56 12 4 8 20 8 12

Social psychology ........................................................................... 388 143 245 61 24 37 41 17 24

School psychology .......................................................................... 107 27 80 1,552 424 1,128 505 227 278

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,458 465 993 1,005 355 650 245 115 130
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 217

Table 31.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1985–86—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 11,887 2,966 8,921 15,692 5,594 10,098 382 171 211

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 922 273 649 246 81 165 2 1 1

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,367 1,277 1,090 5,454 3,241 2,213 109 70 39

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 211 91 120 407 250 157 24 13 11

Social work ..................................................................................... 8,046 1,177 6,869 9,077 1,827 7,250 225 81 144

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 341 148 193 508 195 313 22 6 16

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 256 235 21 83 81 2 0 0 0

Reserve Officers Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................. 256 235 21 60 58 2 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 0 0 0 23 23 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 93,840 52,724 41,116 10,564 6,419 4,145 2,955 1,970 985

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 4,231 1,856 2,375 453 225 228 31 19 12

Anthropology ................................................................................... 2,594 962 1,632 713 307 406 373 182 191

Archeology ...................................................................................... 56 23 33 33 11 22 15 5 10

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,097 651 446 69 43 26 0 0 0

Demography and population studies .............................................. 0 0 0 21 11 10 6 5 1

Economics ...................................................................................... 21,602 14,163 7,439 1,937 1,434 503 789 632 157

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,085 2151 934 568 355 213 131 90 41

Geography ................................................................................... 3,056 2,129 927 564 352 212 131 90 41

Cartography ................................................................................. 29 22 7 4 3 1 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 16,415 10,409 6,006 1,961 1,169 792 497 331 166

International relations and affairs ................................................... 3,524 1,558 1,966 1,462 951 511 51 37 14

Political science and government, general ..................................... 26,439 15,959 10,480 1,704 1,154 550 439 324 115

Sociology ........................................................................................ 12,271 3,811 8,460 965 429 536 504 277 227

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 531 269 262 334 171 163 33 19 14

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 1,995 912 1,083 344 159 185 86 49 37

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,607 4,127 1,480 4,556 2,902 1,654 1,185 1,067 118

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 97 82 15 13 11 2 0 0 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,817 1,457 360 315 259 56 4 4 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 259 166 93 122 90 32 29 27 2

Religious education ........................................................................ 1,049 571 478 858 424 434 17 13 4

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 292 159 133 130 80 50 6 5 1

Theological/ministerial studies ........................................................ 1,293 1,031 262 1,971 1,332 639 790 708 82

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 5 0 5 89 33 56 2 1 1

Theology studies and religious vocations, other ............................ 795 661 134 1,058 673 385 337 309 28

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,837 1,647 190 454 435 19 3 3 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,837 1,647 190 454 435 19 3 3 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 37,241 14,236 23,005 8,420 3,775 4,645 722 396 326

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,504 514 990 177 83 94 5 1 4

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 156 40 116 8 7 1 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 695 95 600 197 28 169 5 1 4

Design and applied art ................................................................... 5,146 1,871 3,275 296 138 158 0 0 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 4,598 1,941 2,657 1,192 598 594 74 38 36

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,663 1,013 650 219 139 80 6 3 3

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 622 403 219 118 79 39 4 2 2

Photography ................................................................................ 682 374 308 73 47 26 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 359 236 123 28 13 15 2 1 1

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 14,960 4,778 10,182 2,779 1,005 1,774 154 46 108

Art, general .................................................................................. 9,785 3,257 6,528 1,536 586 950 34 12 22

Art history, crticism and conservation ......................................... 1,670 338 1,332 372 78 294 95 24 71

Arts management ........................................................................ 94 13 81 83 30 53 1 0 1

Painting ....................................................................................... 777 293 484 169 71 98 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 74 33 41 23 13 10 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 90 7 83 22 1 21 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 44 14 30 7 3 4 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 2,426 823 1,603 567 223 344 24 10 14

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 199 95 104 19 10 9 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 7,175 3,387 3,788 3,453 1,726 1,727 476 305 171

Music, general ............................................................................. 3,730 1,663 2,067 1,302 655 647 231 144 87

Music history and literature ......................................................... 109 43 66 64 27 37 27 17 10

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,481 1,182 1,299 1,656 804 852 156 98 58

Music theory and composition .................................................... 306 200 106 189 112 77 44 34 10

Music, other ................................................................................. 549 299 250 242 128 114 18 12 6

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 1,145 502 643 80 41 39 2 2 0

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs produced by the Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education Statistics, ‘‘Degrees

and Other Formal Awards Conferred, 1985–86’’ survey. (This table was prepared September, 1993.)
218 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 32.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1986–87

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 991,264 480,782 510,482 289,349 141,269 148,080 34,041 22,061 11,980

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 14,991 10,314 4,677 3,522 2,460 1,062 1,049 871 178

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 5,337 4,070 1,267 732 564 168 181 151 30

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 3,915 3,052 863 535 414 121 138 115 23

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 424 310 114 51 37 14 4 4 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,361 1,076 285 24 21 3 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,978 1,532 446 453 349 104 134 111 23

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 152 134 18 7 7 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 279 276 3 13 12 1 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 142 116 26 66 59 7 16 14 2

Horticulture services operation and management .......................... 415 268 147 49 32 17 12 10 2

International agriculture .................................................................. 26 16 10 13 10 3 0 0 0

Agricultural business and agricultural production, other ................ 560 342 218 56 37 19 15 12 3

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 6,834 4,216 2,618 1,841 1,216 625 680 549 131

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 1,185 829 356 216 154 62 1 1 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,181 1,751 1,430 583 364 219 196 160 36

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,718 1,455 1,263 435 269 166 139 113 26

Animal breeding and genetics .................................................... 0 0 0 9 5 4 3 3 0

Animal health .............................................................................. 16 8 8 13 4 9 2 2 0

Animal nutrition ........................................................................... 0 0 0 10 5 5 10 6 4

Dairy science ............................................................................... 197 137 60 53 42 11 14 12 2

Poultry science ............................................................................ 98 75 23 21 13 8 11 8 3

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 152 76 76 42 26 16 17 16 1

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 489 230 259 247 121 126 110 73 37

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 1,732 1,243 489 652 475 177 297 251 46

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 226 161 65 63 45 18 17 15 2

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 739 609 130 348 274 74 182 161 21

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 624 363 261 158 100 58 69 49 20

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 36 28 8 24 15 9 1 1 0

Range science and management ............................................... 88 65 23 55 38 17 27 24 3

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 19 17 2 4 3 1 1 1 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 140 99 41 116 84 32 67 59 8

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 107 64 43 27 18 9 9 5 4

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 2,820 2,028 792 949 680 269 188 171 17

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 686 428 258 197 127 70 39 31 8

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 205 143 62 22 17 5 0 0 0

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 127 103 24 77 60 17 19 19 0

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 203 169 34 48 41 7 14 14 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 872 692 180 430 311 119 94 87 7

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 593 396 197 130 91 39 16 14 2

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 134 97 37 45 33 12 6 6 0

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 8,950 5,617 3,333 3,163 2,086 1,077 92 66 26

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,120 3,792 1,328 1,669 1,196 473 27 23 4

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 309 221 88 815 532 283 56 35 21

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 690 464 226 36 18 18 1 0 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,456 160 1,296 37 4 33 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 812 544 268 271 125 146 1 1 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 2 2 0 81 54 27 2 2 0

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 561 434 127 254 157 97 5 5 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,427 1,253 2,174 864 458 406 134 73 61

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,770 1,042 1,728 742 403 339 116 60 56

African studies ............................................................................. 19 7 12 14 7 7 3 0 3

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,024 371 653 173 64 109 70 31 39

Latin American studies ................................................................ 224 73 151 156 78 78 0 0 0

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 67 28 39 77 54 23 15 11 4

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 251 116 135 97 57 40 1 0 1

Asian studies ............................................................................... 574 254 320 148 92 56 20 15 5

European studies ........................................................................ 219 61 158 54 40 14 1 0 1

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 392 132 260 23 11 12 6 3 3

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 505 155 350 70 27 43 10 5 5

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 150 66 84 17 7 10 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 47 18 29 13 4 9 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 119 3 116 9 0 9 2 0 2

Ethnic studies, other ................................................................... 189 68 121 31 16 15 8 5 3

Area and ethnic studies, other ....................................................... 152 56 96 52 28 24 8 8 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 38,121 19,657 18,464 4,952 2,538 2,414 3,419 2,225 1,194

Biology, general .............................................................................. 27,465 14,060 13,405 2,022 1,050 972 537 339 198

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,111 1,194 917 263 150 113 461 297 164

Botany, total .................................................................................... 269 144 125 336 175 161 294 209 85

Botany, general ........................................................................... 237 126 111 195 89 106 159 109 50

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 16 9 7 84 52 32 87 62 25

Botany, other ............................................................................... 16 9 7 57 34 23 48 38 10

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 629 379 250 98 48 50 180 118 62

Cell biology .................................................................................. 90 48 42 40 18 22 57 36 21
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 219

Table 32.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1986–87—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 329 204 125 53 26 27 87 56 31

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 210 127 83 5 4 1 36 26 10

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,098 999 1,099 390 188 202 337 228 109

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,588 766 822 930 381 549 663 397 266

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 87 52 35 53 28 25 87 44 43

Ecology ........................................................................................ 439 245 194 180 108 72 70 51 19

Marine biology ............................................................................. 269 159 110 64 34 30 27 20 7

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 97 58 39 15 9 6 72 52 20

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 225 37 188 264 42 222 113 47 66

Toxicology ................................................................................... 82 37 45 58 29 29 59 42 17

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 174 78 96 95 29 66 108 59 49

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 8 6 2 92 38 54 45 28 17

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 207 94 113 109 64 45 82 54 28

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 2,858 1,565 1,293 740 458 282 787 535 252

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,299 1,264 1,035 241 144 97 172 121 51

Entomology ................................................................................. 90 63 27 155 103 52 113 92 21

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 26 8 18 52 32 20 113 71 42

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 41 22 19 65 31 34 210 126 84

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 402 208 194 227 148 79 175 122 53

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,103 550 553 173 88 85 160 102 58

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 240,546 128,603 111,943 67,093 44,913 22,180 1,062 808 254

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 236,296 127,188 109,108 66,994 44,867 22,127 1,062 808 254

Business, general ........................................................................... 41,776 22,663 19,113 11,881 8,197 3,684 175 145 30

Business administration and management, total ........................... 70,314 38,490 31,824 36,007 24,293 11,714 524 381 143

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,302 104 1,198 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 1,002 775 227 163 141 22 1 1 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 68,010 37,611 30,399 35,844 24,152 11,692 523 380 143

Accounting ...................................................................................... 44,071 21,372 22,699 2,957 1,750 1,207 61 44 17

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 648 41 607 3 0 3 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,555 2,346 1,209 201 143 58 59 51 8

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 70 51 19 5 3 2 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 25,192 16,362 8830 4,727 3331 1396 70 62 8

Finance, general ......................................................................... 24,339 15,820 8,519 4,516 3,166 1,350 67 60 7

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 187 119 68 36 27 9 2 1 1

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 397 254 143 33 25 8 1 1 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 269 169 100 142 113 29 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 4,813 2,581 2,232 244 159 85 3 3 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 4,165 1961 2204 1,843 905 938 43 27 16

Human resources management .................................................. 2,624 1,229 1,395 1,049 546 503 8 5 3

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,062 538 524 644 291 353 15 10 5

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 479 194 285 150 68 82 20 12 8

International business ..................................................................... 1,109 487 622 1,734 1,174 560 16 12 4

Business information systems, total ............................................... 4,304 2,469 1835 1,103 800 303 9 7 2

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 4,085 2,355 1,730 1,103 800 303 9 7 2

Business information systems, other .......................................... 219 114 105 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science ........................... 1,465 891 574 273 213 60 11 8 3

Business statistics ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,465 891 574 273 213 60 11 8 3

Marketing management and research ............................................ 29,575 14,446 15,129 1,828 984 844 33 24 9

Real estate ...................................................................................... 838 590 248 206 173 33 1 1 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 1,016 708 308 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 70 53 17 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 4,331 2,385 1,946 2,966 2,034 932 57 43 14

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 4,250 1,415 2,835 99 46 53 0 0 0

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 1,547 40 1,507 5 1 4 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 758 419 339 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 1,264 618 646 49 24 25 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 209 62 147 37 15 22 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 472 276 196 8 6 2 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 45,337 18,110 27,227 3,893 1,590 2,303 275 158 117

Communications, total ........................................................................ 43,953 17,386 26,567 3,622 1,441 2,181 273 157 116

Communications, general ............................................................... 20,333 7,702 12,631 1,426 553 873 215 120 95

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,665 948 1,717 165 70 95 4 2 2

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 11,833 4,391 7,442 1,227 482 745 25 18 7

Journalism ................................................................................... 10,891 3,963 6,928 1,217 481 736 25 18 7

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 942 428 514 10 1 9 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 1,376 405 971 60 13 47 0 0 0

Radio television broadcasting ......................................................... 5,604 3,032 2,572 244 132 112 12 9 3

Communications, other ................................................................... 2,142 908 1,234 500 191 309 17 8 9

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,384 724 660 271 149 122 2 1 1

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 27 14 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 1,233 646 587 198 106 92 2 1 1

Communications technologies, other ............................................. 124 64 60 73 43 30 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 39,589 25,865 13,724 8,481 5,985 2,496 374 322 52
220 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 32.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1986–87—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 31,713 21,078 10,635 7,066 5,109 1,957 350 306 44

Computer programming .................................................................. 346 270 76 40 32 8 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 754 418 336 33 23 10 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 4,678 2,770 1,908 964 544 420 17 12 5

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 454 275 179 149 121 28 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 1,644 1,054 590 229 156 73 7 4 3

Education, total ...................................................................................... 86,936 20,729 66,207 74,045 19,293 54,752 6,407 2,931 3,476

Education, general .......................................................................... 1,880 406 1,474 7,530 2,045 5,485 1,026 438 588

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 359 115 244 409 130 279 42 23 19

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 394 21 373 3,699 782 2,917 713 260 453

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 25 7 18 8,965 4,037 4,928 2,122 1,097 1,025

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 3 0 3 5,670 2,662 3,008 1,502 804 698

Administration of special education ............................................ 3 0 3 22 9 13 18 6 12

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 119 39 80 44 22 22

Educational supervision .............................................................. 3 3 0 845 308 537 19 8 11

Elementary and secondary education administration ................. 14 2 12 1,394 664 730 84 49 35

Higher education administration ................................................. 2 2 0 293 102 191 359 165 194

Community and junior college administration ............................. 0 0 0 86 30 56 12 7 5

Education administration and supervision, other ........................ 0 0 0 536 223 313 84 36 48

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 28 6 22 765 181 584 32 18 14

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 1 0 1 154 56 98 117 49 68

Evaluation and research, general ............................................... 0 0 0 58 23 35 47 18 29

Educational statistics and research ............................................ 1 0 1 36 18 18 50 24 26

Educational testing, evaluation, and measurement .................... 0 0 0 60 15 45 20 7 13

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 0 0 0 185 69 116 121 60 61

Special education, total .................................................................. 6,996 492 6,504 8,826 1,025 7,801 230 61 169

Special education, general .......................................................... 4,664 346 4,318 6,519 793 5,726 193 50 143

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 183 5 178 229 26 203 2 1 1

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 2 0 2 162 11 151 3 0 3

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 169 15 154 254 44 210 2 1 1

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 554 47 507 206 23 183 2 1 1

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 66 6 60 94 6 88 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 42 1 41 51 2 49 3 0 3

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 26 3 23 65 12 53 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 285 8 277 634 57 577 14 2 12

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 645 31 614 282 7 275 0 0 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 360 30 330 330 44 286 11 6 5

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 103 23 80 9,314 2,395 6,919 441 213 228

General teacher education, total .................................................... 44,121 4,308 39,813 16,704 2,561 14,143 428 174 254

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 79 25 54 553 161 392 109 42 67

Elementary education ................................................................. 35,762 2,676 33,086 10,238 951 9,287 104 20 84

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 549 88 461 413 61 352 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 3,975 85 3,890 1,415 36 1,379 26 3 23

Secondary education .................................................................. 3,482 1,413 2,069 3,174 1,126 2,048 97 55 42

General teacher education, other ............................................... 274 21 253 911 226 685 92 54 38

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 32,234 15,115 17,119 14,323 5,028 9,295 899 436 463

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 693 539 154 345 270 75 31 24 7

Art education ............................................................................... 1,211 216 995 620 143 477 49 18 31

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 1,919 389 1,530 622 118 504 26 12 14

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 49 42 7 77 67 10 0 0 0

English education ........................................................................ 1,143 219 924 421 79 342 31 7 24

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 210 39 171 91 16 75 30 16 14

Health education ......................................................................... 1,694 416 1,278 679 134 545 84 29 55

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 650 1 649 202 1 201 13 0 13

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 2,315 2,087 228 611 488 123 39 22 17

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 236 101 135 35 10 25 1 1 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,419 512 907 478 164 314 33 14 19

Music education .......................................................................... 3,114 1,273 1,841 955 425 530 87 47 40

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 12,255 6,428 5,827 3,557 1,825 1,732 196 110 86

Reading education ...................................................................... 181 15 166 3,063 176 2,887 75 9 66

Science education ....................................................................... 1,215 505 710 481 212 269 47 32 15

Social science education ............................................................ 619 346 273 119 39 80 4 2 2

Social studies education ............................................................. 948 536 412 112 59 53 5 3 2

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 305 215 90 131 73 58 23 12 11

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,284 981 303 635 348 287 78 53 25

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 774 255 519 1,089 381 708 47 25 22

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 27 7 20 657 184 473 1 0 1

Education, other .............................................................................. 768 229 539 2,514 800 1,714 235 102 133

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 92,816 80,104 12,712 22,654 19,804 2,850 3,818 3,555 263

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 73,747 62,496 11,251 22,015 19,250 2,765 3,801 3,540 261

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,746 2,301 445 1,046 920 126 228 216 12

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,989 2,741 248 737 682 55 129 119 10

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 559 498 61 151 138 13 68 63 5

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 465 380 85 50 45 5 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 637 411 226 313 231 82 58 47 11

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 301 217 84 107 81 26 34 31 3
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 221

Table 32.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1986–87—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 4,991 3,607 1,384 1,184 961 223 497 439 58

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 8,147 7,068 1,079 2,901 2,522 379 451 434 17

Computer engineering .................................................................... 2,021 1,666 355 709 595 114 57 51 6

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 24,547 21,384 3,163 6,183 5,580 603 724 689 35

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 159 139 20 181 161 20 103 100 3

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 393 332 61 117 107 10 37 35 2

Engineering science ....................................................................... 266 207 59 204 173 31 41 38 3

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 96 70 26 312 221 91 41 35 6

Geological engineering ................................................................... 243 195 48 76 66 10 5 5 0

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 78 65 13 29 24 5 6 6 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 4,166 2,828 1,338 1,726 1,407 319 165 145 20

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 409 289 120 387 289 98 210 179 31

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 15,450 13,755 1,695 3,198 2,971 227 528 511 17

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 440 347 93 258 220 38 111 104 7

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 298 266 32 89 83 6 28 26 2

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 446 412 34 31 30 1 5 5 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 323 296 27 261 234 27 90 88 2

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 118 105 13 86 75 11 21 21 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 1,067 932 135 201 181 20 20 20 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 310 247 63 226 186 40 27 27 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 26 17 9 2 2 0 0 0 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 2,056 1,721 335 1,250 1,065 185 117 106 11

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 19,069 17,608 1,461 639 554 85 17 15 2

Architectural engineering technology ............................................. 896 832 64 13 12 1 0 0 0

Civil engineering/civil technology .................................................... 549 508 41 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 5,145 4,822 323 24 20 4 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 214 201 13 11 11 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 104 84 20 44 30 14 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,629 4,216 413 176 158 18 6 5 1

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 235 187 48 138 115 23 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 2,421 2,283 138 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 66 63 3 5 4 1 5 4 1

Surveying ........................................................................................ 113 97 16 27 25 2 6 6 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 187 182 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 27 22 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies, other ......................................... 4,483 4,111 372 201 179 22 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 36,284 12,353 23,931 5,483 1,891 3,592 961 415 546

English language and literature, general ........................................ 25,753 8,424 17,329 3,884 1,344 2,540 659 281 378

Comparative literature .................................................................... 617 220 397 185 72 113 108 48 60

English composition ........................................................................ 147 59 88 10 4 6 1 0 1

English creative writing ................................................................... 468 193 275 413 179 234 1 0 1

American literature (United States) ................................................ 26 9 17 9 0 9 6 2 4

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,318 432 886 206 65 141 72 30 42

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 6,817 2,645 4,172 576 177 399 79 40 39

English technical and business writing ........................................... 130 51 79 80 26 54 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,008 320 688 120 24 96 35 14 21

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 11,034 3,116 7,918 2,379 766 1,613 661 284 377

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,164 336 828 777 254 523 211 92 119

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 689 196 493 236 59 177 40 18 22

Linguistics .................................................................................... 475 140 335 541 195 346 171 74 97

East and southeast asian languagues and literatures, total .......... 288 152 136 43 19 24 22 16 6

Chinese ....................................................................................... 110 54 56 16 7 9 10 7 3

Japanese ..................................................................................... 135 70 65 10 2 8 3 2 1

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 43 28 15 17 10 7 9 7 2

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 577 232 345 110 50 60 22 9 13

Russian languages ...................................................................... 502 201 301 54 25 29 8 2 6

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 75 31 44 56 25 31 14 7 7

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,419 549 870 249 97 152 77 37 40

German ....................................................................................... 1,366 537 829 234 87 147 70 33 37

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 35 10 25 8 5 3 1 1 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 18 2 16 7 5 2 6 3 3

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 2 0 2 1 0 1 4 1 3

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 6,812 1,509 5,303 1,026 250 776 225 71 154

French ......................................................................................... 3,062 584 2,478 421 94 327 85 22 63

Italian ........................................................................................... 219 48 171 53 14 39 17 6 11

Portuguese .................................................................................. 16 7 9 5 2 3 3 2 1

Spanish ....................................................................................... 3,450 854 2,596 504 127 377 104 36 68

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 65 16 49 43 13 30 16 5 11

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 71 17 54 27 16 11 13 10 3

Arabic .......................................................................................... 8 3 5 1 1 0 1 1 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 55 9 46 16 10 6 5 3 2

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 8 5 3 10 5 5 7 6 1

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 491 246 245 115 66 49 53 28 25
222 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 32.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1986–87—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 362 184 178 92 54 38 49 26 23

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 50 33 17 7 6 1 2 2 0

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 79 29 50 16 6 10 2 0 2

Foreign languages, other ................................................................ 210 75 135 31 14 17 34 20 14

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 63,103 9,134 53,969 18,394 3,874 14,520 1,213 564 649

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and related services .............. 2,575 128 2,447 2,985 165 2,820 89 24 65

Community health liason ................................................................ 445 63 382 456 115 341 12 7 5

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 180 96 84 411 315 96 14 10 4

Dental services ............................................................................... 736 11 725 39 19 20 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 3,231 687 2,544 2,593 955 1,638 23 14 9

Health care and services administration ..................................... 2,295 594 1,701 2,216 853 1,363 16 10 6

Medical records administration ................................................... 671 46 625 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 21 1 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health services administration, other .......................................... 244 46 198 377 102 275 7 4 3

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 603 233 370 79 24 55 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 15 6 9 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 587 233 354 64 18 46 0 0 0

Veterinarian assistant/animal health technician .......................... 16 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 945 324 621 36 23 13 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 286 91 195 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 659 233 426 36 23 13 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 3,660 827 2833 1,284 425 859 112 50 62

Medical technology ..................................................................... 3,148 683 2,465 102 23 79 4 2 2

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 512 144 368 1,182 402 780 108 48 60

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 680 474 206 1 0 1 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 110 79 31 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 527 370 157 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 33 20 13 1 0 1 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 63 28 35 1 0 1 16 11 5

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 65 20 45 162 83 79 56 38 18

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 175 45 130 152 49 103 0 0 0

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 33 20 13 36 16 20 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 95 14 81 58 13 45 0 0 0

Medical social work ..................................................................... 47 11 36 58 20 38 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 34,273 1,858 32,415 6,277 441 5,836 275 27 248

Optometry ....................................................................................... 278 171 107 11 10 1 2 0 2

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 5,022 2,213 2,809 265 149 116 199 141 58

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 166 88 78 47 18 29

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 6,061 899 5,162 1,720 350 1,370 29 13 16

Art therapy ................................................................................... 44 0 44 156 14 142 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 5 1 4 27 2 25 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 216 12 204 22 3 19 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,952 129 1,823 307 27 280 2 0 2

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 11 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,239 668 2,571 522 127 395 3 1 2

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 169 25 144 7 1 6 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation therapy ................................................. 168 25 143 549 134 415 16 11 5

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 257 31 226 130 42 88 8 1 7

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 194 104 90 117 67 50 62 42 20

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 41 14 27 27 15 12 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,875 939 2,936 1,611 581 1,030 277 169 108

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 14,417 1,090 13,327 2,064 256 1,808 296 65 231

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 13,492 868 12,624 1,985 244 1,741 249 57 192

Home economics, general .............................................................. 4,014 162 3,852 466 19 447 55 9 46

Business home economics ............................................................. 176 5 171 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 170 13 157 28 6 22 0 0 0

Family/consumer resource management ....................................... 623 105 518 41 4 37 18 2 16

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 3,022 252 2,770 660 57 603 59 17 42

Housing studies .............................................................................. 691 61 630 38 17 21 1 0 1

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 2,316 150 2,166 611 126 485 100 28 72

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,338 115 2,223 92 4 88 13 1 12

Home economics, other .................................................................. 142 5 137 49 11 38 3 0 3

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 925 222 703 79 12 67 47 8 39

Child care and guidance management .......................................... 337 7 330 55 6 49 45 8 37

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 91 33 58 16 5 11 2 0 2

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 497 182 315 8 1 7 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 1,178 370 808 1,943 1,423 520 120 79 41

Law, general ................................................................................... 1 0 1 733 542 191 61 40 21

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 251 141 110 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 425 62 363 2 0 2 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 501 167 334 1,208 881 327 59 39 20

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 23,717 10,191 13,526 1,581 622 959 56 28 28
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 223

Table 32.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1986–87—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 13,308 6,049 7,259 990 400 590 17 8 9

Humanities/humanistic studies ....................................................... 2,351 876 1,475 452 162 290 27 13 14

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 8,058 3,266 4,792 139 60 79 12 7 5

Library science, total .............................................................................. 136 20 116 3,783 788 2,995 57 18 39

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 131 20 111 3,764 787 2,977 52 15 37

Library science, other ..................................................................... 5 0 5 19 1 18 5 3 2

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 16,999 9,110 7,889 3,730 2,328 1,402 759 628 131

Mathematics, general ..................................................................... 13,996 7,324 6,672 2,276 1,362 914 539 456 83

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,711 1,000 711 798 573 225 95 78 17

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 969 563 406 351 240 111 59 48 11

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 742 437 305 447 333 114 36 30 6

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 463 266 197 577 343 234 115 85 30

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 829 520 309 79 50 29 10 9 1

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 13,933 6,718 7,215 2,482 1,553 929 247 161 86

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,002 1,142 860 261 129 132 22 17 5

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 34 21 13 885 732 153 3 3 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 11,897 5,555 6,342 1,336 692 644 222 141 81

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 4,264 1,690 2,574 560 244 316 32 20 12

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 1,709 638 1,071 174 72 102 19 10 9

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,184 884 1,300 236 95 141 9 8 1

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 157 54 103 84 31 53 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 214 114 100 66 46 20 4 2 2

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 5,984 3,845 2,139 1,109 698 411 421 329 92

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,252 2,180 1,072 415 296 119 223 180 43

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,473 1,490 983 576 348 228 192 144 48

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 259 175 84 118 54 64 6 5 1

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 20,070 14,372 5,698 5,629 4,219 1,410 3,673 3,039 634

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 19,989 14,326 5,663 5,628 4,219 1,409 3,672 3,038 634

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 621 478 143 65 45 20 2 2 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 100 84 16 60 44 16 52 43 9

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 29 22 7 11 11 0 14 11 3

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 345 284 61 216 187 29 63 53 10

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 9,670 6,068 3,602 1,738 1,174 564 1,976 1,555 421

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 9,474 5,934 3,540 1,611 1,093 518 1,818 1,427 391

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 1 1 0 14 8 6 12 9 3

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 7 5 2 13 10 3

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 0 0 0 15 13 2 33 28 5

Medical/pharmaceutical chemistry .............................................. 10 7 3 43 26 17 44 35 9

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 185 126 59 48 29 19 56 46 10

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 3,665 2,814 851 1,603 1,188 415 280 223 57

Geology ....................................................................................... 3,367 2,591 776 1,386 1,029 357 220 173 47

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 9 6 3 15 12 3 6 4 2

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 142 110 32 114 87 27 26 23 3

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 147 107 40 88 60 28 28 23 5

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 707 550 157 297 195 102 147 126 21

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 2 1 1 13 10 3 15 15 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 163 130 33 109 74 35 69 58 11

Earth science .............................................................................. 524 405 119 126 84 42 61 51 10

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 18 14 4 49 27 22 2 2 0

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,318 3,623 695 1,543 1,300 243 1,074 972 102

Physics, general .......................................................................... 4,180 3,515 665 1,455 1,226 229 999 905 94

Physics, other .............................................................................. 138 108 30 88 74 14 75 67 8

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 534 403 131 95 75 20 64 53 11

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 81 46 35 1 0 1 1 1 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 455 332 123 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 258 229 29 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 197 103 94 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 12,930 7,974 4,956 1,019 719 300 18 15 3

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 12,777 7,827 4,950 1,012 712 300 18 15 3

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 520 240 280 92 64 28 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 3,313 2,089 1,224 373 247 126 3 2 1

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 6,596 3,966 2,630 449 339 110 15 13 2

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 182 79 103 37 22 15 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,313 937 376 41 30 11 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 853 516 337 20 10 10 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 145 141 4 7 7 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 8 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 42,994 13,362 29,632 9,562 3,172 6,390 3,560 1,615 1,945

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 39,981 12,337 27,644 3,873 1,411 2,462 1,633 766 867

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 68 20 48 857 264 593 819 371 448

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 196 53 143 1,850 532 1,318 214 101 113

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 250 25 225 108 36 72 51 20 31

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 165 54 111 37 20 17 57 31 26

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 113 40 73 441 217 224 37 20 17

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 121 56 65 9 5 4 24 12 12

Social psychology ........................................................................... 487 199 288 40 20 20 48 18 30

School psychology .......................................................................... 158 33 125 1,438 344 1,094 502 186 316
224 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 32.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1986–87—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,455 545 910 909 323 586 175 90 85

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 12,328 2,993 9,335 16,432 5,673 10,759 398 216 182

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 998 252 746 353 169 184 8 3 5

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,281 1,255 1,026 5,542 3,237 2,305 116 88 28

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 218 96 122 458 264 194 41 21 20

Social work ..................................................................................... 8,327 1,185 7,142 9,384 1,760 7,624 203 86 117

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 504 205 299 695 243 452 30 18 12

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 384 358 26 119 118 1 0 0 0

Reserve Officers Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................. 383 357 26 68 67 1 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 1 1 0 51 51 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 96,342 53,949 42,393 10,506 6,373 4,133 2,916 2,026 890

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 4,422 1,928 2,494 493 269 224 30 19 11

Anthropology ................................................................................... 2,730 981 1,749 710 294 416 346 169 177

Archeology ...................................................................................... 67 21 46 36 11 25 17 7 10

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,141 683 458 57 36 21 3 2 1

Demography and population studies .............................................. 10 7 3 18 10 8 9 7 2

Economics ...................................................................................... 22,378 14,775 7,603 1,855 1,381 474 750 624 126

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,077 2,138 939 558 364 194 131 100 31

Geography ................................................................................... 3,055 2,124 931 554 360 194 131 100 31

Cartography ................................................................................. 22 14 8 4 4 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 16,997 10,591 6,406 2,021 1,204 817 534 360 174

International relations and affairs ................................................... 3,790 1,719 2,071 1,522 948 574 61 53 8

Political science and government, general ..................................... 26,817 15,985 10,832 1,618 1,111 507 435 316 119

Sociology ........................................................................................ 12,239 3,848 8,391 950 414 536 451 271 180

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 559 300 259 261 133 128 30 14 16

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,115 973 1,142 407 198 209 119 84 35

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,730 4,331 1,399 4,966 3,249 1,717 1,230 1,103 127

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 43 38 5 10 9 1 0 0 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,887 1,515 372 270 231 39 17 17 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 243 163 80 196 147 49 24 22 2

Religious education ........................................................................ 924 547 377 716 367 349 38 28 10

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 204 118 86 126 75 51 6 4 2

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 1,603 1,291 312 2,303 1,562 741 830 758 72

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 125 56 69 0 0 0

Theology studies and religious vocations, other ............................ 826 659 167 1,220 802 418 315 274 41

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,654 1,471 183 433 420 13 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,654 1,471 183 433 420 13 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 36,615 13,751 22,864 8,508 3,756 4,752 793 447 346

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,549 539 1,010 228 100 128 1 1 0

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 151 41 110 12 6 6 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 676 79 597 185 25 160 4 0 4

Design and applied art ................................................................... 5,219 1,855 3,364 266 117 149 1 0 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 4,609 1,892 2,717 1,129 575 554 84 55 29

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,695 1,011 684 368 220 148 6 4 2

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 673 435 238 213 129 84 6 4 2

Photography ................................................................................ 642 335 307 86 46 40 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 380 241 139 69 45 24 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 14,841 4,673 10,168 2,769 1,002 1,767 175 54 121

Art, general .................................................................................. 9,827 3,259 6,568 1,572 626 946 44 18 26

Art history, crticism and conservation ......................................... 1,791 351 1,440 385 70 315 110 30 80

Arts management ........................................................................ 73 12 61 69 24 45 1 0 1

Painting ....................................................................................... 783 278 505 176 80 96 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 72 24 48 42 19 23 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 80 7 73 19 2 17 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 50 13 37 15 4 11 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 2,165 729 1,436 491 177 314 20 6 14

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 6,925 3,254 3,671 3,455 1,670 1,785 518 329 189

Music, general ............................................................................. 3,698 1,678 2,020 1,250 599 651 236 148 88

Music history and literature ......................................................... 56 23 33 52 32 20 29 16 13

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,313 1,069 1,244 1,629 761 868 164 96 68

Music theory and composition .................................................... 276 197 79 218 138 80 53 40 13

Music, other ................................................................................. 582 287 295 306 140 166 36 29 7

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 950 407 543 96 41 55 4 4 0

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 225

Table 33.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1987–88

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 994,829 477,203 517,626 299,317 145,163 154,154 34,870 22,615 12,255

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 14,222 9,744 4,478 3,479 2,427 1,052 1,142 926 216

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 4,800 3,648 1,152 710 536 174 199 162 37

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 3,542 2,770 772 566 443 123 164 132 32

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 423 334 89 38 29 9 1 1 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness oprations .............................. 1,235 996 239 46 41 5 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,758 1,331 427 467 359 108 163 131 32

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 126 109 17 15 14 1 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 237 230 7 7 7 0 1 1 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 109 86 23 17 11 6 11 9 2

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 356 231 125 43 28 15 12 11 1

International agriculture .................................................................. 20 10 10 16 6 10 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 536 321 215 61 41 20 11 9 2

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 6,392 3,869 2,523 1,762 1,204 558 726 588 138

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 1,045 737 308 209 150 59 0 0 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,034 1,617 1,417 529 365 164 190 157 33

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,547 1,302 1,245 363 240 123 139 115 24

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 0 0 0 12 12 0 8 8 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 21 10 11 20 13 7 5 2 3

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 9 9 0 7 6 1

Dairy science ............................................................................... 210 163 47 52 38 14 13 10 3

Poultry science ............................................................................ 101 70 31 39 26 13 9 8 1

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 155 72 83 34 27 7 9 8 1

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 589 270 319 247 109 138 114 85 29

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 1,573 1,146 427 668 493 175 336 273 63

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 240 169 71 72 53 19 25 18 7

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 638 543 95 333 262 71 226 191 35

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 565 341 224 162 101 61 57 41 16

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricutural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 26 15 11 24 18 6 1 1 0

Range science and management ............................................... 87 66 21 66 51 15 23 18 5

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 17 12 5 11 8 3 4 4 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 102 75 27 94 78 16 78 68 10

Agricultural sciences, other ............................................................ 49 24 25 15 9 6 8 5 3

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 3,030 2,227 803 1,007 687 320 217 176 41

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 872 566 306 258 159 99 30 23 7

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 144 105 39 0 0 0 0 0 0

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 146 124 22 127 94 33 33 25 8

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 226 180 46 28 21 7 10 7 3

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 955 780 175 440 309 131 126 106 20

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 580 411 169 108 74 34 14 13 1

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 107 61 46 46 30 16 4 2 2

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 8,603 5,271 3,332 3,159 2,042 1,117 98 66 32

Architecture ..................................................................................... 4,915 3,594 1,321 1,746 1,246 500 32 23 9

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 274 199 75 864 535 329 59 38 21

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 672 473 199 45 30 15 2 2 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,540 174 1,366 37 5 32 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 814 554 260 284 137 147 2 2 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 1 1 0 49 34 15 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 387 276 111 134 55 79 3 1 2

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 3,601 1,392 2,209 911 490 421 142 71 71

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 2,976 1,198 1,778 702 342 360 118 57 61

African studies ............................................................................. 13 6 7 16 5 11 10 7 3

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,181 449 732 189 63 126 59 21 38

Latin American studies ................................................................ 242 90 152 126 72 54 6 3 3

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 63 34 29 60 25 35 16 11 5

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 245 136 109 85 46 39 3 2 1

Asian studies ............................................................................... 626 270 356 176 105 71 17 11 6

European studies ........................................................................ 205 68 137 27 11 16 4 1 3

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 401 145 256 23 15 8 3 1 2

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 530 153 377 74 30 44 12 7 5

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 155 61 94 25 12 13 3 1 2

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 53 25 28 11 3 8 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 148 2 146 8 0 8 2 0 2

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 174 65 109 30 15 15 7 6 1

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 95 41 54 135 118 17 12 7 5

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 36,755 18,245 18,510 4,784 2,423 2,361 3,629 2,349 1,280

Biology, general .............................................................................. 26,838 13,187 13,651 1,981 1,011 970 576 359 217

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,060 1,144 916 248 142 106 533 362 171

Botany, total .................................................................................... 234 123 111 292 146 146 255 177 78

Botany, general ........................................................................... 216 113 103 176 91 85 153 97 56

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 11 7 4 94 48 46 72 55 17

Botany, other ............................................................................... 7 3 4 22 7 15 30 25 5

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 657 374 283 77 42 35 192 124 68

Cell biology .................................................................................. 60 23 37 25 13 12 52 36 16
226 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 33.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1987–88—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 345 207 138 39 23 16 113 72 41

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 252 144 108 13 6 7 27 16 11

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 2,014 922 1,092 357 165 192 386 233 153

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,566 703 863 933 370 563 735 455 280

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 47 23 24 61 35 26 109 62 47

Ecology ........................................................................................ 370 200 170 147 82 65 85 58 27

Marine biology ............................................................................. 234 132 102 68 40 28 38 30 8

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 112 65 47 14 10 4 82 51 31

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 229 31 198 258 40 218 98 42 56

Toxicology ................................................................................... 88 38 50 44 20 24 55 44 11

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 214 98 116 125 44 81 145 89 56

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 26 9 17 103 39 64 41 28 13

Miscellaneous biological specializations, other .......................... 246 107 139 113 60 53 82 51 31

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 2,580 1,359 1,221 725 456 269 786 531 255

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,095 1,095 1,000 224 133 91 190 139 51

Entomology ................................................................................. 92 68 24 155 117 38 137 109 28

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 22 8 14 52 29 23 103 64 39

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 21 13 8 44 21 23 191 120 71

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 350 175 175 250 156 94 161 98 63

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 3

Biological/life sciences, other ......................................................... 806 433 373 171 91 80 166 108 58

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 243,021 129,552 113,469 69,230 45,980 23,250 1,063 810 253

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 238,230 127,953 110,277 69,115 45,924 23,191 1,062 810 252

Business, general ........................................................................... 41,102 22,372 18,730 11,626 7,897 3,729 210 174 36

Business administration and management, total ........................... 70,875 38,557 32,318 37,708 25,451 12,257 541 417 124

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,287 131 1,156 6 0 6 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 1,188 935 253 201 161 40 3 3 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 68,400 37,491 30,909 37,501 25,290 12,211 538 414 124

Accounting ...................................................................................... 43,277 20,500 22,777 3,139 1,764 1,375 57 35 22

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 671 53 618 2 0 2 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,448 2,306 1,142 175 120 55 36 28 8

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 56 38 18 8 7 1 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 27,150 17,629 9,521 5,485 3,858 1,627 47 40 7

Finance, general ......................................................................... 26,148 17,014 9,134 5,258 3,703 1,555 43 36 7

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 192 115 77 29 14 15 0 0 0

Banking and financial support services ...................................... 13 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 562 354 208 31 21 10 4 4 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 235 141 94 167 120 47 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 5,083 2,696 2,387 253 163 90 1 1 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 4,776 2,260 2,516 1,796 911 885 51 30 21

Human resources management .................................................. 3,127 1,468 1,659 1,046 545 501 16 8 8

Labor/industrial relations and studies ......................................... 1,065 530 535 609 309 300 11 8 3

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 584 262 322 141 57 84 24 14 10

International business ..................................................................... 1,255 525 730 1,709 1,128 581 6 5 1

Business information systems, total ............................................... 3,810 2,206 1,604 1,055 761 294 4 3 1

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 3,682 2,123 1,559 1,055 761 294 4 3 1

Business information systems, other .......................................... 128 83 45 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science ........................... 1,383 791 592 180 132 48 10 8 2

Business statistics ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,383 791 592 180 132 48 10 8 2

Marketing management and research ............................................ 30,353 14,983 15,370 1,976 1,017 959 47 32 15

Real estate ...................................................................................... 835 595 240 195 151 44 1 1 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 832 559 273 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 39 34 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 4,117 2,408 1,709 2,976 2,005 971 51 36 15

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 4,791 1,599 3,192 115 56 59 1 0 1

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 1,790 94 1,696 2 0 2 1 0 1

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 775 428 347 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 1,500 742 758 11 6 5 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 222 39 183 58 17 41 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 504 296 208 44 33 11 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 46,649 18,527 28,122 3,925 1,568 2,357 234 134 100

Communications, total ........................................................................ 45,410 17,857 27,553 3,678 1,446 2,232 230 132 98

Communications, general ............................................................... 21,451 8,070 13,381 1,452 562 890 172 96 76

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,745 957 1,788 222 89 133 1 0 1

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 11,989 4,345 7,644 1,077 421 656 22 15 7

Journalism ................................................................................... 11,052 3,926 7,126 1,035 400 635 22 15 7

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 937 419 518 42 21 21 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 1,453 481 972 94 22 72 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 5,404 3,004 2,400 238 113 125 15 12 3

Communications, other ................................................................... 2,368 1,000 1,368 595 239 356 20 9 11

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,239 670 569 247 122 125 4 2 2

Photographic technology ................................................................ 28 16 12 1 1 0 0 0 0

Radio and television technology/technician ................................... 1,136 605 531 182 96 86 3 1 2

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 75 49 26 64 25 39 1 1 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 227

Table 33.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1987–88—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 34,523 23,331 11,192 9,197 6,726 2,471 428 380 48

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 27,122 18,792 8,330 7,607 5,684 1,923 405 365 40

Computer programming .................................................................. 303 246 57 120 94 26 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 700 410 290 25 16 9 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 4,491 2,677 1,814 1,067 662 405 17 10 7

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 383 220 163 93 72 21 1 0 1

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 1,524 986 538 285 198 87 5 5 0

Education, total ...................................................................................... 91,112 20,988 70,124 76,566 19,108 57,458 6,060 2,739 3,321

Education, general .......................................................................... 2,113 407 1,706 7,739 2,022 5,717 949 417 532

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 308 119 189 387 137 250 55 30 25

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 329 17 312 3,605 704 2,901 663 245 418

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 9 0 9 9,586 4,008 5,578 1,870 956 914

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 1 0 1 6,048 2,623 3,425 1,310 687 623

Administration of special education ............................................ 3 0 3 16 3 13 11 2 9

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 142 44 98 38 18 20

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 805 251 554 29 9 20

Elementary and secondary education administration ................. 5 0 5 1,684 723 961 51 32 19

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 268 100 168 299 138 161

Community college education administration ............................. 0 0 0 98 49 49 5 1 4

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 0 0 0 525 215 310 127 69 58

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 22 10 12 827 213 614 28 14 14

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 19 5 14 149 44 105 130 63 67

Educational evaluation and research .......................................... 14 2 12 72 23 49 69 29 40

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 5 3 2 27 11 16 32 19 13

Educational assessment, testing and measurement .................. 0 0 0 50 10 40 29 15 14

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 0 0 0 175 57 118 136 60 76

Special education, total .................................................................. 6,573 478 6,095 8,581 1,026 7,555 217 55 162

Special education, general .......................................................... 4,267 346 3,921 6,546 793 5,753 194 48 146

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 201 4 197 180 17 163 1 0 1

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 3 0 3 175 15 160 1 0 1

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 166 12 154 200 37 163 1 0 1

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 620 41 579 160 21 139 3 2 1

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 54 2 52 109 18 91 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 24 2 22 36 1 35 0 0 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 22 1 21 44 13 31 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 340 22 318 570 46 524 6 1 5

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 513 22 491 263 14 249 0 0 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 363 26 337 298 51 247 11 4 7

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 76 25 51 9,277 2,211 7,066 442 193 249

General teacher education, total .................................................... 48,261 4,514 43,747 18,261 2,715 15,546 430 162 268

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 92 42 50 612 172 440 110 53 57

Elementary education ................................................................. 39,547 2,830 36,717 11,053 918 10,135 97 23 74

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 693 123 570 455 56 399 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,071 82 3,989 1,514 47 1,467 24 3 21

Secondary education .................................................................. 3,532 1,390 2,142 3,408 1,202 2,206 102 45 57

General teacher education, other ............................................... 326 47 279 1,219 320 899 97 38 59

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs ............... 32,550 15,150 17,400 15,005 5,143 9,862 839 412 427

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 575 445 130 292 230 62 21 20 1

Art education ............................................................................... 1,022 220 802 441 93 348 33 13 20

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 1,941 404 1,537 541 93 448 24 16 8

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 41 34 7 95 80 15 3 3 0

English education ........................................................................ 1,477 302 1,175 453 124 329 33 11 22

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 266 42 224 143 30 113 35 9 26

Health education ......................................................................... 1,627 358 1,269 690 149 541 77 25 52

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 539 4 535 198 0 198 12 0 12

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 2,111 1,884 227 627 507 120 41 27 14

Marketing operations/marketing and distributive education ....... 242 87 155 13 3 10 1 0 1

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,646 588 1,058 626 201 425 21 7 14

Music education .......................................................................... 2,919 1,208 1,711 859 369 490 64 40 24

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 12,216 6,395 5,821 3,501 1,765 1,736 211 118 93

Reading education ...................................................................... 189 14 175 3,153 171 2,982 55 8 47

Science education ....................................................................... 1,415 677 738 800 334 466 38 23 15

Social science education ............................................................ 697 330 367 138 46 92 2 1 1

Social studies education ............................................................. 1,265 736 529 180 99 81 6 4 2

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 287 209 78 163 90 73 40 17 23

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,164 905 259 579 290 289 56 36 20

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 911 308 603 1,513 469 1,044 66 34 32

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 42 9 33 624 151 473 5 1 4

Education, other .............................................................................. 810 254 556 2,350 677 1,673 296 131 165

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 88,506 76,372 12,134 23,385 20,476 2,909 4,191 3,898 293

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 69,380 58,742 10,638 22,627 19,837 2,790 4,174 3,881 293

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,590 2,111 479 1,050 922 128 275 261 14

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 3,092 2,794 298 797 734 63 141 134 7

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 460 423 37 185 167 18 60 57 3

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 461 397 64 31 29 2 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 642 434 208 306 217 89 77 63 14
228 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 33.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1987–88—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 332 229 103 96 73 23 25 24 1

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,917 2,864 1,053 1,088 901 187 579 526 53

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 7,488 6,429 1,059 2,836 2,512 324 481 455 26

Computer engineering .................................................................... 2,115 1,799 316 760 660 100 77 71 6

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 23,597 20,425 3,172 6,688 5,974 714 860 818 42

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 286 253 33 182 166 16 81 77 4

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 340 302 38 54 50 4 24 24 0

Engineering science ....................................................................... 306 240 66 268 245 23 42 29 13

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 135 97 38 267 184 83 39 29 10

Geological engineering ................................................................... 170 129 41 68 58 10 6 5 1

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 52 36 16 17 15 2 1 1 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 4,082 2,886 1,196 1,815 1,491 324 162 140 22

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 418 305 113 410 317 93 226 204 22

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 14,900 13,182 1,718 3,329 3,050 279 596 571 25

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 453 353 100 221 186 35 104 97 7

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 227 199 28 82 81 1 11 11 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 371 349 22 41 40 1 4 4 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 296 264 32 212 196 16 97 94 3

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 95 80 15 90 85 5 22 22 0

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 667 611 56 216 198 18 35 33 2

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 313 245 68 242 191 51 24 19 5

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 21 12 9 20 12 8 2 2 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,554 1,294 260 1,256 1,083 173 123 110 13

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 19,126 17,630 1,496 758 639 119 17 17 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 808 749 59 20 16 4 0 0 0

Civil engineering/civil technology .................................................... 460 417 43 2 2 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 5,323 5,009 314 46 38 8 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 171 159 12 6 6 0 1 1 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 150 114 36 34 22 12 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,898 4,400 498 180 150 30 6 6 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 245 199 46 156 127 29 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 2,611 2,465 146 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 41 39 2 4 3 1 3 3 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 93 85 8 25 23 2 7 7 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 197 190 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 47 40 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies, other ......................................... 4,082 3,764 318 285 252 33 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 38,661 12,836 25,825 5,562 1,870 3,692 981 428 553

English language and literature, general ........................................ 27,768 8,897 18,871 3,878 1,288 2,590 687 302 385

Comparative literature .................................................................... 555 149 406 196 74 122 123 48 75

English composition ........................................................................ 182 66 116 4 1 3 5 1 4

English creative writing ................................................................... 481 185 296 451 183 268 3 2 1

American literature (United States) ................................................ 35 18 17 3 1 2 6 3 3

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,296 416 880 189 66 123 65 23 42

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 7,137 2,696 4,441 587 182 405 69 37 32

English technical and business writing ........................................... 117 36 81 69 17 52 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,090 373 717 185 58 127 23 12 11

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 10,926 3,053 7,873 2,469 844 1,625 602 282 320

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,170 331 839 764 275 489 182 90 92

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 694 202 492 237 75 162 44 18 26

Linguistics .................................................................................... 476 129 347 527 200 327 138 72 66

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 316 141 175 61 25 36 17 9 8

Chinese ....................................................................................... 103 44 59 31 11 20 9 3 6

Japanese ..................................................................................... 144 60 84 9 4 5 1 1 0

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 69 37 32 21 10 11 7 5 2

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 536 205 331 117 49 68 15 7 8

Russian ....................................................................................... 472 173 299 54 21 33 8 5 3

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 64 32 32 63 28 35 7 2 5

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,395 505 890 260 95 165 74 33 41

German ....................................................................................... 1,350 487 863 244 90 154 71 31 40

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 31 10 21 10 2 8 1 1 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 14 8 6 6 3 3 2 1 1

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 3 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 1

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 6,802 1,551 5,251 1,069 288 781 205 72 133

French ......................................................................................... 3,082 589 2,493 437 102 335 89 29 60

Italian ........................................................................................... 224 50 174 45 18 27 7 3 4

Portuguese .................................................................................. 20 7 13 2 1 1 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 3,416 898 2,518 553 159 394 93 32 61

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 60 7 53 32 8 24 16 8 8

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 44 22 22 49 31 18 22 18 4

Arabic .......................................................................................... 9 6 3 4 2 2 0 0 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 28 13 15 30 18 12 11 9 2

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 7 3 4 15 11 4 11 9 2
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 229

Table 33.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1987–88—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classical and ancient near eastern languages and literatures,

total .............................................................................................. 526 255 271 125 66 59 53 30 23

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 405 192 213 98 53 45 53 30 23

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 33 19 14 10 5 5 0 0 0

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 88 44 44 17 8 9 0 0 0

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 134 41 93 22 14 8 31 21 10

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 60,644 8,929 51,715 18,657 4,047 14,610 1,261 548 713

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services, total ................. 2,498 109 2,389 2,820 158 2,662 81 29 52

Sign language interpreter ............................................................ 15 2 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services, other ............ 2,483 107 2,376 2,820 158 2,662 81 29 52

Community health liason ................................................................ 606 92 514 258 59 199 3 2 1

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 150 79 71 416 314 102 17 9 8

Dental services ............................................................................... 727 7 720 12 2 10 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 3,261 639 2,622 2,873 1,038 1,835 33 15 18

Health care and services administration ..................................... 2,326 522 1,804 2,370 888 1,482 21 9 12

Medical records administration ................................................... 701 40 661 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 18 1 17 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 216 76 140 503 150 353 12 6 6

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 584 228 356 55 12 43 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 20 11 9 14 1 13 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 556 215 341 41 11 30 0 0 0

Veterinarian assistant/animal health technician .......................... 8 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 1,019 350 669 33 23 10 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 257 90 167 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 762 260 502 33 23 10 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 2,958 643 2,315 1,350 491 859 153 58 95

Medical technology ..................................................................... 2,541 537 2,004 100 29 71 1 0 1

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 417 106 311 1,250 462 788 152 58 94

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 777 528 249 1 0 1 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 105 83 22 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 591 405 186 1 0 1 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 80 39 41 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 64 38 26 3 1 2 15 11 4

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 84 31 53 200 108 92 86 46 40

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 162 29 133 189 51 138 4 2 2

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 35 15 20 18 9 9 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 75 7 68 73 15 58 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 47 7 40 75 21 54 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 5 0 5 23 6 17 4 2 2

Nursing ............................................................................................ 31,929 1,649 30,280 6,540 508 6,032 283 27 256

Optometry ....................................................................................... 214 112 102 3 1 2 5 3 2

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 5,360 2,282 3,078 244 142 102 178 118 60

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 236 99 137 38 15 23

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 6,202 1,036 5,166 1,779 360 1,419 27 14 13

Art therapy ................................................................................... 34 1 33 116 9 107 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 3 1 2 35 1 34 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 179 19 160 29 6 23 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,963 147 1,816 332 23 309 2 0 2

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,402 753 2,649 664 154 510 5 3 2

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 152 24 128 5 1 4 1 0 1

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 217 34 183 492 132 360 12 6 6

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 244 49 195 106 34 72 7 5 2

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 330 144 186 132 70 62 69 43 26

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 36 13 23 38 13 25 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,682 920 2,762 1,474 597 877 269 156 113

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 14,320 1,188 13,132 2,047 246 1,801 307 82 225

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 13,238 939 12,299 1,978 235 1,743 270 77 193

Home economics, general .............................................................. 3,658 156 3,502 407 11 396 36 4 32

Business home economics ............................................................. 182 10 172 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 181 17 164 28 6 22 0 0 0

Family/consumer resource management ....................................... 660 142 518 40 3 37 16 7 9

Foods and nutrition studies ............................................................ 2,852 251 2,601 611 55 556 58 17 41

Housing studies .............................................................................. 683 73 610 39 10 29 0 0 0

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 2,558 173 2,385 732 145 587 136 46 90

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,323 111 2,212 93 1 92 11 1 10

Home economics, other .................................................................. 141 6 135 28 4 24 13 2 11

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,082 249 833 69 11 58 37 5 32

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 355 11 344 44 8 36 37 5 32

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 77 24 53 18 3 15 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 650 214 436 7 0 7 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 1,303 413 890 1,880 1,386 494 89 66 23

Law, general ................................................................................... 3 1 2 1,000 752 248 31 25 6
230 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 33.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1987–88—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 275 159 116 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 471 61 410 2 1 1 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 554 192 362 878 633 245 58 41 17

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 24,274 10,387 13,887 1,814 687 1,127 66 39 27

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 12,831 5,870 6,961 1,197 483 714 19 8 11

Humanities/humanistic studies ....................................................... 2,484 888 1,596 460 169 291 35 23 12

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 8,959 3,629 5,330 157 35 122 12 8 4

Library science, total .............................................................................. 119 17 102 3,674 780 2,894 46 22 24

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 118 17 101 3,648 775 2,873 44 20 24

Library science, other ..................................................................... 1 0 1 26 5 21 2 2 0

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 16,608 8,919 7,689 3,867 2,391 1,476 796 668 128

Mathematics, general ..................................................................... 13,607 7,163 6,444 2,350 1,401 949 516 430 86

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,991 1,150 841 883 612 271 129 117 12

Applied mathematics ................................................................... 1,095 639 456 429 273 156 83 74 9

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 896 511 385 454 339 115 46 43 3

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 440 246 194 580 340 240 140 111 29

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 570 360 210 54 38 16 11 10 1

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 14,723 7,298 7,425 2,575 1,590 985 224 144 80

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,151 1,261 890 253 133 120 17 10 7

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 29 10 19 891 738 153 7 6 1

Museum studies/museology ........................................................... 4 0 4 36 10 26 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 12,539 6,027 6,512 1,395 709 686 200 128 72

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, total ............................... 4,235 1,744 2,491 544 238 306 29 19 10

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 1,770 708 1,062 197 85 112 15 10 5

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 1,946 793 1,153 198 85 113 9 5 4

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 157 63 94 83 33 50 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 362 180 182 66 35 31 5 4 1

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 5,963 3,855 2,108 1,099 677 422 405 306 99

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,565 2,411 1,154 465 339 126 222 172 50

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,173 1,297 876 532 298 234 176 128 48

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 225 147 78 102 40 62 7 6 1

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 17,806 12,389 5,417 5,733 4,324 1,409 3,809 3,123 686

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 17,709 12,329 5,380 5,648 4,274 1,374 3,797 3,114 683

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 477 331 146 36 20 16 1 1 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 92 77 15 64 49 15 76 63 13

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 33 29 4 21 19 2 20 18 2

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 348 291 57 191 155 36 76 64 12

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 9,052 5,452 3,600 1,708 1,158 550 1,995 1,552 443

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 8,826 5,304 3,522 1,567 1,060 507 1,847 1,440 407

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 8 6 2 9 6 3

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 6 4 2 15 10 5

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 9 6 3 20 14 6 20 15 5

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 9 4 5 37 24 13 51 38 13

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 208 138 70 70 50 20 53 43 10

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 2,551 1,930 621 1,523 1,146 377 350 287 63

Geology ....................................................................................... 2,374 1,788 586 1,283 968 315 273 223 50

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 3 2 1 13 8 5 4 3 1

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 84 71 13 101 79 22 44 42 2

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 90 69 21 126 91 35 29 19 10

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 704 524 180 316 214 102 134 106 28

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 8 4 4 22 21 1 8 7 1

Oceanography ............................................................................. 148 121 27 105 73 32 85 65 20

Earth science .............................................................................. 509 369 140 100 58 42 27 23 4

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 39 30 9 89 62 27 14 11 3

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,100 3,488 612 1,675 1,423 252 1,093 982 111

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,970 3,375 595 1,555 1,329 226 1,018 917 101

Physics, other .............................................................................. 130 113 17 120 94 26 75 65 10

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 352 207 145 114 90 24 52 41 11

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 97 60 37 85 50 35 12 9 3

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 481 308 173 4 3 1 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 175 146 29 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 306 162 144 4 3 1 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 13,367 8,352 5,015 1,024 727 297 32 23 9

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 13,206 8,207 4,999 1,022 725 297 32 23 9

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 522 255 267 99 63 36 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 3,454 2,175 1,279 342 252 90 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 6,844 4,200 2,644 500 364 136 32 23 9

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 239 102 137 18 10 8 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,294 955 339 43 23 20 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 853 520 333 20 13 7 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 130 127 3 2 2 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 31 18 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 45,187 13,538 31,649 9,180 2,923 6,257 3,480 1,573 1,907

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 42,204 12,618 29,586 3,886 1,302 2,584 1,565 753 812

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 72 11 61 767 240 527 858 373 485

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 167 48 119 1,884 534 1,350 177 85 92

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 249 24 225 58 13 45 33 13 20
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 231

Table 33.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1987–88—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 186 60 126 41 17 24 92 38 54

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 132 56 76 410 205 205 37 18 19

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 123 49 74 6 3 3 30 11 19

Psychometrics and quantitative psychology ................................... 1 1 0 9 3 6 2 0 2

Social psychology ........................................................................... 585 229 356 44 16 28 32 11 21

School psychology .......................................................................... 184 41 143 1,308 330 978 493 210 283

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,284 401 883 767 260 507 161 61 100

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 12,385 2,923 9,462 16,424 5,631 10,793 470 238 232

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 997 251 746 146 50 96 8 4 4

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,313 1,249 1,064 5,669 3,322 2,347 121 78 43

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 208 102 106 433 229 204 93 59 34

Social work ..................................................................................... 8,471 1,163 7,308 9,401 1,745 7,656 226 89 137

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 396 158 238 775 285 490 22 8 14

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 82 74 8 49 48 1 0 0 0

Reserve Officers Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................. 82 74 8 49 48 1 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 100,460 56,377 44,083 10,412 6,310 4,102 2,781 1,849 932

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 4,766 2,062 2,704 449 212 237 29 19 10

Anthropology ................................................................................... 2,909 1,072 1,837 696 295 401 304 149 155

Archeology ...................................................................................... 88 28 60 45 19 26 20 13 7

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,180 687 493 76 49 27 2 2 0

Demography and population studies .............................................. 14 7 7 30 13 17 9 7 2

Economics ...................................................................................... 22,911 15,412 7,499 1,847 1,377 470 770 619 151

Geography, total ............................................................................. 2,969 2,065 904 572 362 210 135 99 36

Geography ................................................................................... 2,944 2,045 899 569 361 208 135 99 36

Cartography ................................................................................. 25 20 5 3 1 2 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 18,207 11,388 6,819 2,093 1,268 825 517 325 192

International relations and affairs ................................................... 4,375 1,956 2,419 1,325 879 446 63 50 13

Political science and government, general ..................................... 27,207 16,297 10,910 1,579 1,056 523 391 305 86

Sociology ........................................................................................ 13,024 4,065 8,959 984 424 560 452 210 242

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 548 285 263 292 159 133 40 20 20

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,262 1,053 1,209 424 197 227 49 31 18

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,565 4,173 1,392 4,905 3,251 1,654 1,199 1,072 127

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 19 19 0 15 13 2 0 0 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,922 1,483 439 306 252 54 28 28 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 242 164 78 193 135 58 26 25 1

Religious education ........................................................................ 915 516 399 909 475 434 38 26 12

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 181 97 84 100 63 37 5 4 1

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 1,514 1,245 269 2,125 1,483 642 891 801 90

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 2 0 2 91 52 39 0 0 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 770 649 121 1,166 778 388 211 188 23

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 1,983 1,809 174 679 635 44 0 0 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 268 254 14 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,715 1,555 160 679 635 44 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 36,944 14,068 22,876 7,939 3,442 4,497 727 424 303

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,739 628 1,111 191 66 125 3 0 3

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 100 38 62 9 3 6 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 623 79 544 174 23 151 6 1 5

Design and applied art ................................................................... 5,292 1,887 3,405 257 114 143 2 0 2

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 4,628 1,913 2,715 1,123 564 559 73 36 37

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,807 1,113 694 226 130 96 1 0 1

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 716 485 231 130 74 56 1 0 1

Photography ................................................................................ 657 342 315 70 43 27 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 434 286 148 26 13 13 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 15,412 4,873 10,539 2,704 986 1,718 139 51 88

Art, general .................................................................................. 9,809 3,253 6,556 1,484 560 924 28 14 14

Art history, criticism and conservation ........................................ 1,910 372 1,538 394 87 307 97 31 66

Arts management ........................................................................ 91 18 73 70 26 44 1 0 1

Painting ....................................................................................... 711 243 468 173 81 92 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 115 47 68 42 21 21 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 107 7 100 26 2 24 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 66 9 57 19 9 10 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 2,603 924 1,679 496 200 296 13 6 7

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 6,708 3,263 3,445 3,183 1,517 1,666 502 335 167

Music, general ............................................................................. 3,248 1,493 1,755 1,030 471 559 209 132 77

Music history and literature ......................................................... 64 30 34 55 30 25 33 21 12

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,382 1,126 1,256 1,628 764 864 166 111 55

Music theory and composition .................................................... 203 132 71 125 77 48 54 39 15

Music, other ................................................................................. 811 482 329 345 175 170 40 32 8

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 635 274 361 72 39 33 1 1 0

Not classified by field of study ............................................................... 1,801 1,131 670 4,144 1,873 2,271 579 336 243

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared September, 1993.)
232 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 34.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1988–89

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 1,018,755 483,346 535,409 310,621 149,354 161,267 35,720 22,648 13,072

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 13,492 9,298 4,194 3,245 2,231 1,014 1,183 950 233

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 4,736 3,577 1,159 654 495 159 203 162 41

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 3,448 2,669 779 510 396 114 160 129 31

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 339 270 69 27 19 8 1 1 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,222 951 271 24 20 4 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,750 1,329 421 452 351 101 159 128 31

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 137 119 18 7 6 1 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 233 230 3 15 14 1 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 93 72 21 26 23 3 13 12 1

Horticulture service operations and management, total ................. 339 236 103 37 18 19 17 13 4

International agriculture .................................................................. 24 15 9 12 11 1 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 599 355 244 54 33 21 13 8 5

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 5,921 3,554 2,367 1,680 1,102 578 751 598 153

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 977 687 290 176 121 55 21 17 4

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 2,803 1,499 1,304 462 287 175 210 167 43

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,369 1,226 1,143 344 208 136 160 123 37

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 14 8 6 4 2 2 7 6 1

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 15 3 12 12 5 7 2 2 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 1 1 0 8 7 1 13 10 3

Dairy science ............................................................................... 152 120 32 40 26 14 14 13 1

Poultry science ............................................................................ 97 77 20 27 22 5 6 5 1

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 155 64 91 27 17 10 8 8 0

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 558 230 328 300 141 159 112 82 30

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 1,383 990 393 587 443 144 317 257 60

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 216 149 67 66 53 13 33 23 10

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 548 480 68 287 231 56 196 166 30

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 495 275 220 155 99 56 63 47 16

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricutural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 20 16 4 19 12 7 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 67 44 23 50 40 10 18 15 3

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 37 26 11 10 8 2 7 6 1

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 103 81 22 107 75 32 57 49 8

Agricultural sciences, other ............................................................ 97 67 30 48 35 13 34 26 8

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 2,835 2,167 668 911 634 277 229 190 39

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 771 519 252 211 131 80 33 25 8

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 201 148 53 22 18 4 0 0 0

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 135 112 23 92 66 26 28 24 4

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 213 184 29 34 27 7 16 16 0

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 817 683 134 422 300 122 119 101 18

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 664 496 168 117 85 32 15 9 6

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 34 25 9 13 7 6 18 15 3

Architecture and environmental design, total ........................................ 9,150 5,545 3,605 3,383 2,192 1,191 86 63 23

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,166 3,739 1,427 1,795 1,281 514 33 21 12

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 309 227 82 989 618 371 39 30 9

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 734 487 247 64 32 32 4 4 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,721 192 1,529 41 12 29 1 1 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 882 646 236 280 141 139 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 1 1 0 83 53 30 0 0 0

Architecture and and related programs, other ............................... 337 253 84 131 55 76 9 7 2

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 4,102 1,611 2,491 1,016 511 505 114 57 57

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 3,323 1,336 1,987 819 395 424 98 51 47

African studies ............................................................................. 23 10 13 11 4 7 1 1 0

American studies ......................................................................... 1,246 444 802 215 93 122 61 26 35

Latin American studies ................................................................ 213 80 133 156 64 92 1 0 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 50 20 30 60 37 23 10 8 2

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 256 126 130 93 48 45 1 1 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 722 308 414 199 111 88 17 13 4

European studies ........................................................................ 350 169 181 48 20 28 5 1 4

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 463 179 284 37 18 19 2 1 1

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 655 221 434 93 34 59 7 3 4

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 177 68 109 35 15 20 0 0 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 59 22 37 13 2 11 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 157 1 156 12 0 12 1 0 1

Ethnic and cultural studies, other ............................................... 262 130 132 33 17 16 6 3 3

Area and ethnic studies, other ....................................................... 124 54 70 104 82 22 9 3 6

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 36,059 17,953 18,106 4,961 2,492 2,469 3,520 2,234 1,286

Biology, general .............................................................................. 26,229 12,850 13,379 2,097 1,045 1,052 527 349 178

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 1,978 1,107 871 244 131 113 558 354 204

Botany, total .................................................................................... 199 96 103 297 151 146 230 141 89

Botany, general ........................................................................... 184 89 95 185 89 96 149 87 62

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 13 7 6 100 53 47 60 39 21

Botany, other ............................................................................... 2 0 2 12 9 3 21 15 6

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 693 396 297 92 57 35 208 134 74

Cell biology .................................................................................. 54 30 24 31 20 11 46 30 16
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 233

Table 34.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1988–89—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 383 226 157 39 29 10 117 79 38

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 256 140 116 22 8 14 45 25 20

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,780 844 936 411 182 229 356 228 128

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,651 813 838 947 400 547 691 406 285

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 123 67 56 54 34 20 101 66 35

Ecology ........................................................................................ 417 245 172 203 121 82 68 51 17

Marine/aquatic biology ................................................................ 267 158 109 72 39 33 18 16 2

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 111 63 48 25 15 10 82 54 28

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 207 34 173 240 38 202 102 39 63

Toxicology ................................................................................... 72 35 37 43 24 19 64 41 23

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 202 102 100 115 41 74 128 69 59

Biometrics and biostatistics ......................................................... 16 3 13 96 44 52 40 18 22

Miscellaneous specialized areas, other ...................................... 236 106 130 99 44 55 88 52 36

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 2,582 1,341 1,241 736 445 291 744 497 247

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,111 1,100 1,011 253 146 107 143 100 43

Entomology ................................................................................. 51 39 12 147 99 48 135 110 25

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 15 6 9 52 27 25 109 69 40

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 18 10 8 50 26 24 169 95 74

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 387 186 201 234 147 87 186 122 64

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 947 506 441 137 81 56 206 125 81

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 246,399 131,157 115,242 73,065 48,540 24,525 1,100 800 300

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 241,278 129,277 112,001 72,931 48,452 24,479 1,100 800 300

Business, general ........................................................................... 41,029 21,983 19,046 12,957 8,676 4,281 185 138 47

Business administration and management, total ........................... 71,423 38,962 32,461 38,546 26,075 12,471 549 395 154

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,294 157 1,137 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 1,216 949 267 116 99 17 5 5 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 68,913 37,856 31,057 38,430 25,976 12,454 544 390 154

Accounting ...................................................................................... 43,864 20,393 23,471 3,081 1,734 1,347 72 48 24

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 681 56 625 1 0 1 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,464 2,259 1,205 174 125 49 32 23 9

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 103 77 26 6 5 1 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 27,627 18259 9368 5,364 3880 1484 60 49 11

Finance, general ......................................................................... 26,569 17,593 8,976 5,080 3,677 1,403 52 42 10

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 201 108 93 42 28 14 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 513 316 197 33 23 10 8 7 1

Investments and securities ......................................................... 344 242 102 209 152 57 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 5,690 2,982 2,708 366 201 165 5 5 0

Human resources management, total ............................................ 5,156 2427 2729 1,767 782 985 55 32 23

Human resources management .................................................. 3,376 1,596 1,780 973 443 530 8 3 5

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,012 473 539 657 279 378 16 11 5

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 768 358 410 137 60 77 31 18 13

International business ..................................................................... 1,445 622 823 1,797 1,124 673 23 18 5

Business information systems, total ............................................... 3,528 2064 1464 1,013 767 246 6 4 2

Management information systems and business data processing, gener ................................................................................. 3,422 2,008 1,414 1,013 767 246 6 4 2

Business information systems, other .......................................... 106 56 50 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 1,490 888 602 611 477 134 4 3 1

Business statistics ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,490 888 602 611 477 134 4 3 1

Marketing management and research ............................................ 30,086 14,845 15,241 2,157 1,125 1,032 39 29 10

Real estate ...................................................................................... 1,058 764 294 223 178 45 1 1 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 829 526 303 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 106 77 29 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 4,528 2,619 1,909 4,039 2,777 1,262 69 55 14

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 5,121 1,880 3,241 134 88 46 0 0 0

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 1,683 82 1,601 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 837 468 369 0 0 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 1,902 1,003 899 8 6 2 0 0 0

Tourism and travel services marketing operations ........................ 185 43 142 53 24 29 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 514 284 230 73 58 15 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 48,609 19,215 29,394 4,257 1,737 2,520 253 138 115

Communications, total ........................................................................ 47,405 18,551 28,854 3,940 1,563 2,377 247 136 111

Communications, general ............................................................... 22,539 8,459 14,080 1,529 574 955 181 100 81

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,649 939 1,710 204 77 127 2 2 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 12,337 4,514 7,823 1,322 524 798 29 17 12

Journalism ................................................................................... 11,503 4,170 7,333 1,275 495 780 29 17 12

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 834 344 490 47 29 18 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 1,711 517 1,194 92 21 71 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 5,562 2,986 2,576 242 132 110 20 10 10

Communications, other ................................................................... 2,607 1,136 1,471 551 235 316 15 7 8

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,204 664 540 317 174 143 6 2 4

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 25 12 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 1,111 614 497 246 143 103 1 1 0

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 68 38 30 71 31 40 5 1 4

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 30,454 21,087 9,367 9,414 6,775 2,639 551 466 85
234 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 34.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1988–89—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 23,927 16,954 6,973 7,765 5,712 2,053 517 450 67

Computer programming .................................................................. 363 275 88 130 109 21 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 507 293 214 30 17 13 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 4,112 2,541 1,571 1,073 627 446 28 11 17

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 272 172 100 96 75 21 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 1,273 852 421 320 235 85 6 5 1

Education, total ...................................................................................... 96,913 21,662 75,251 81,174 19,956 61,218 6,337 2,704 3,633

Education, general .......................................................................... 2,238 418 1,820 8,778 2,221 6,557 1,047 413 634

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 95 8 87 158 54 104 48 27 21

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 424 35 389 4,543 970 3,573 750 266 484

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 74 22 52 9,797 4,156 5,641 1,914 967 947

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 68 19 49 6,054 2,695 3,359 1,357 724 633

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 11 1 10 11 2 9

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 2 0 2 173 41 132 53 20 33

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 809 255 554 36 15 21

Elementary and secondary education administration ................. 1 1 0 1,858 803 1,055 51 23 28

Higher education administration ................................................. 2 2 0 258 87 171 280 131 149

Community and junior college administration ............................. 0 0 0 57 28 29 10 4 6

Education administration and supervision, other ........................ 1 0 1 577 246 331 116 48 68

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 29 9 20 779 209 570 40 18 22

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 14 5 9 161 62 99 130 56 74

Educational evaluation and research .......................................... 14 5 9 66 24 42 62 26 36

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 0 0 0 41 28 13 38 13 25

Educational assessment, testing and measurement .................. 0 0 0 54 10 44 30 17 13

Social and philisophical foundations of education ......................... 0 0 0 204 78 126 135 51 84

Special education, total .................................................................. 6,667 440 6,227 8,791 1,031 7,760 251 45 206

Special education, general .......................................................... 4,384 285 4,099 6,461 762 5,699 200 37 163

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 190 4 186 185 19 166 1 0 1

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 2 0 2 167 17 150 4 0 4

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 188 18 170 244 42 202 1 0 1

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 600 45 555 200 25 175 7 2 5

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 61 5 56 117 20 97 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 53 1 52 29 3 26 3 0 3

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 15 1 14 28 5 23 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 295 29 266 731 62 669 11 2 9

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 589 27 562 216 15 201 0 0 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 290 25 265 413 61 352 24 4 20

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 81 18 63 9,627 2,223 7,404 418 180 238

General teacher education, total .................................................... 52,788 4,808 47,980 19,085 2,846 16,239 401 135 266

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 89 30 59 620 198 422 143 44 99

Elementary education ................................................................. 43,423 3,134 40,289 11,690 1,054 10,636 90 15 75

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 766 140 626 519 71 448 0 0 0

Pre-elementary education/early childhood/kindergarten education ....................................................................................... 4,480 56 4,424 1,489 23 1,466 23 4 19

Secondary education .................................................................. 3,647 1,413 2,234 3,490 1,196 2,294 80 44 36

General teacher education, other ............................................... 383 35 348 1,277 304 973 65 28 37

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 33,589 15,657 17,932 15,740 5,162 10,578 908 418 490

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 571 479 92 520 237 283 26 19 7

Art education ............................................................................... 1,019 188 831 556 104 452 47 23 24

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 1,860 388 1,472 560 111 449 33 10 23

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 48 40 8 64 46 18 2 0 2

English education ........................................................................ 1,674 328 1,346 475 91 384 13 2 11

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 326 64 262 140 33 107 11 4 7

Health education ......................................................................... 1,533 342 1,191 819 192 627 116 34 82

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 529 4 525 195 3 192 16 2 14

Technology/industrial arts teacher education ............................. 1,946 1,681 265 668 518 150 33 23 10

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 265 105 160 14 3 11 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,685 638 1,047 669 212 457 41 17 24

Music education .......................................................................... 2,862 1,216 1,646 849 388 461 77 47 30

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 12,442 6,564 5,878 3,524 1,727 1,797 204 112 92

Reading education ...................................................................... 251 24 227 3,578 176 3,402 82 13 69

Science education, general ......................................................... 1,449 639 810 713 290 423 36 19 17

Social science education ............................................................ 840 393 447 118 45 73 2 1 1

Social studies education ............................................................. 1,494 909 585 240 129 111 8 6 2

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 302 220 82 158 96 62 39 18 21

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,211 869 342 531 271 260 46 30 16

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 1,282 566 716 1,349 490 859 76 38 38

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 33 7 26 897 215 682 4 0 4

Education, other .............................................................................. 881 235 646 2,614 729 1,885 291 128 163

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 85,002 73,436 11,566 24,568 21,374 3,194 4,523 4,123 400

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 66,099 56,069 10,030 23,740 20,652 3,088 4,506 4,107 399

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,574 2,185 389 964 854 110 250 233 17

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,945 2,645 300 862 797 65 154 147 7

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 461 414 47 167 153 14 96 90 6

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 512 423 89 63 60 3 5 5 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 672 448 224 383 291 92 81 61 20
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 235

Table 34.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1988–89—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 275 203 72 101 73 28 25 23 2

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,663 2,561 1,102 1,093 884 209 602 522 80

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 7,312 6,268 1,044 2,903 2,541 362 505 457 48

Computer engineering .................................................................... 2,198 1,871 327 823 697 126 74 65 9

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 21,908 19,080 2,828 7,028 6,227 801 998 932 66

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 188 172 16 179 156 23 98 90 8

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 337 303 34 74 64 10 43 40 3

Engineering science ....................................................................... 262 215 47 283 238 45 51 46 5

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 104 67 37 327 250 77 34 26 8

Geological engineering ................................................................... 127 95 32 45 41 4 4 3 1

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 24 22 2 16 16 0 0 0 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,965 2,767 1,198 1,810 1,456 354 198 172 26

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 421 305 116 453 346 107 245 208 37

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 14,843 13,189 1,654 3,498 3,198 300 633 609 24

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 418 345 73 252 208 44 95 85 10

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 99 90 9 77 70 7 33 32 1

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 327 315 12 52 50 2 9 8 1

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 287 252 35 246 219 27 83 78 5

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 97 81 16 69 64 5 15 14 1

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 452 405 47 218 202 16 32 31 1

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 285 229 56 269 224 45 21 19 2

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 33 21 12 21 17 4 0 0 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,310 1,098 212 1,464 1,256 208 122 111 11

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 18,903 17,367 1,536 828 722 106 17 16 1

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 791 733 58 22 20 2 0 0 0

Civil engineering/civil technologies ................................................. 480 447 33 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 5,200 4,832 368 46 41 5 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 252 240 12 7 7 0 0 0 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 140 113 27 74 52 22 4 4 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,827 4,349 478 183 167 16 5 5 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 272 209 63 179 157 22 0 0 0

Mechanical and engineering-related technologies ......................... 2,408 2,255 153 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 52 47 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 128 118 10 30 27 3 5 4 1

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 197 190 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 30 28 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies, other ......................................... 4,126 3,806 320 287 251 36 3 3 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 42,470 13,927 28,543 5,950 2,002 3,948 1,022 458 564

English language and literature, general ........................................ 30,374 9,604 20,770 4,123 1,384 2,739 726 314 412

Comparative literature .................................................................... 684 198 486 234 72 162 93 53 40

English composition ........................................................................ 164 59 105 9 2 7 11 3 8

English creative writing ................................................................... 592 238 354 521 207 314 4 2 2

American literature (United States) ................................................ 34 8 26 4 2 2 1 0 1

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,600 557 1,043 266 78 188 46 18 28

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 7,864 2,885 4,979 548 173 375 107 56 51

English technical and business writing ........................................... 134 38 96 83 21 62 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,024 340 684 162 63 99 34 12 22

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 11,693 3,217 8,476 2,595 875 1,720 632 263 369

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,180 327 853 821 288 533 198 82 116

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 726 192 534 240 73 167 37 14 23

Linguistics .................................................................................... 454 135 319 581 215 366 161 68 93

East and southeast asian languages and literatures, total ............ 341 147 194 65 27 38 21 13 8

Chinese ....................................................................................... 138 55 83 27 14 13 8 7 1

Japanese ..................................................................................... 162 75 87 14 1 13 4 1 3

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 41 17 24 24 12 12 9 5 4

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 535 215 320 127 59 68 16 8 8

Russian ....................................................................................... 469 186 283 55 21 34 6 3 3

Slavic (other than Russian) ......................................................... 66 29 37 72 38 34 10 5 5

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,477 523 954 281 91 190 68 28 40

German ....................................................................................... 1,428 509 919 263 86 177 59 23 36

Scandinavian ............................................................................... 32 7 25 7 2 5 2 2 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 17 7 10 11 3 8 7 3 4

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 1 0 1 1 0 1 9 5 4

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 7,352 1,669 5,683 1,089 292 797 221 66 155

French ......................................................................................... 3,297 630 2,667 444 105 339 83 16 67

Italian ........................................................................................... 239 53 186 45 13 32 17 7 10

Portuguese .................................................................................. 28 16 12 3 2 1 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 3,748 964 2,784 552 162 390 101 37 64

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 40 6 34 45 10 35 20 6 14

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 66 21 45 18 10 8 17 11 6

Arabic .......................................................................................... 6 1 5 2 1 1 1 0 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 54 17 37 11 5 6 5 3 2

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 6 3 3 5 4 1 11 8 3

Classical and ancient near east languages and literatures, total .. 573 260 313 146 86 60 54 33 21
236 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 34.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1988–89—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 459 207 252 116 67 49 51 32 19

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 33 19 14 15 11 4 2 0 2

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 81 34 47 15 8 7 1 1 0

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 168 55 113 47 22 25 28 17 11

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 59,005 8,872 50,133 19,268 4,226 15,042 1,437 609 828

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 2,499 105 2,394 2,774 142 2,632 87 23 64

Community Health Liason .............................................................. 565 100 465 533 139 394 10 2 8

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 156 87 69 385 289 96 17 15 2

Dental services ............................................................................... 732 7 725 22 2 20 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, total .......................... 3,294 705 2,589 2,890 985 1,905 26 12 14

Health care and services administration ..................................... 2,454 618 1,836 2,386 812 1,574 20 11 9

Medical records administration ................................................... 624 36 588 1 0 1 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 20 3 17 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 196 48 148 503 173 330 6 1 5

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 669 296 373 81 16 65 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 18 4 14 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 664 295 369 63 12 51 0 0 0

Veterinarian assistant/animal health technician .......................... 5 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 994 356 638 39 24 15 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 264 84 180 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 730 272 458 39 24 15 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 2,696 575 2,121 1,291 474 817 146 55 91

Medical technology ..................................................................... 2,288 471 1,817 109 36 73 1 0 1

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 408 104 304 1,182 438 744 145 55 90

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 675 440 235 2 2 0 2 1 1

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 85 52 33 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 531 358 173 0 0 0 2 1 1

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 6 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 53 27 26 2 2 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 77 42 35 14 11 3 22 17 5

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 139 57 82 225 110 115 118 68 50

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 254 41 213 161 43 118 0 0 0

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 67 19 48 42 9 33 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 127 16 111 55 16 39 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 60 6 54 58 15 43 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 30,165 1,591 28,574 6,503 562 5,941 372 27 345

Optometry ....................................................................................... 216 129 87 13 7 6 5 5 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 5,486 2,238 3,248 251 144 107 178 114 64

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 193 93 100 39 13 26

Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 6,420 1,081 5,339 1,981 432 1,549 24 14 10

Art therapy ................................................................................... 29 1 28 164 12 152 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 7 0 7 36 1 35 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 194 13 181 28 7 21 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 2,016 148 1,868 329 31 298 2 1 1

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,514 792 2,722 769 205 564 3 2 1

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 186 36 150 537 138 399 13 10 3

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 474 91 383 118 38 80 6 1 5

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 241 103 138 112 69 43 68 42 26

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 36 12 24 44 17 27 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,686 902 2,784 1,754 665 1,089 323 201 122

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 14,160 1,335 12,825 2,164 307 1,857 264 59 205

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 13,102 1,052 12,050 2,111 297 1,814 249 59 190

Home economics, general .............................................................. 3,346 221 3,125 355 20 335 33 2 31

Business home economics ............................................................. 193 8 185 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 170 14 156 46 12 34 0 0 0

Family/consumer resource management ....................................... 747 198 549 41 2 39 12 2 10

Foods and nutrition studies ............................................................ 2,619 257 2,362 597 62 535 64 19 45

Housing studies .............................................................................. 655 67 588 50 18 32 6 0 6

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 2,697 159 2,538 852 159 693 121 36 85

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,463 113 2,350 98 12 86 12 0 12

Home economics, other .................................................................. 212 15 197 72 12 60 1 0 1

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,058 283 775 53 10 43 15 0 15

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 323 12 311 35 10 25 13 0 13

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 94 37 57 9 0 9 2 0 2

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 641 234 407 9 0 9 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 1,976 785 1,191 2,013 1,431 582 76 47 29

Law, general ................................................................................... 657 354 303 1,195 835 360 71 44 27

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 316 166 150 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 523 76 447 3 0 3 0 0 0

Law and legal studes, other ........................................................... 480 189 291 815 596 219 5 3 2

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 26,388 11,204 15,184 1,850 683 1,167 72 32 40

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 13,030 5,809 7,221 1,246 442 804 19 9 10

Humanities/humanistic studies ....................................................... 2,890 1,137 1,753 400 184 216 40 16 24
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 237

Table 34.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1988–89—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 10,468 4,258 6,210 204 57 147 13 7 6

Library science, total .............................................................................. 121 15 106 3,906 811 3,095 61 27 34

Library science ................................................................................ 118 14 104 3,881 804 3,077 61 27 34

Library science, other ..................................................................... 3 1 2 25 7 18 0 0 0

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 15,994 8,662 7,332 3,903 2,418 1,485 915 737 178

Mathematics .................................................................................... 13,119 6,929 6,190 2,332 1,428 904 591 487 104

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1965 1174 791 858 586 272 149 119 30

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 988 593 395 360 229 131 100 82 18

Operations research .................................................................... 977 581 396 498 357 141 49 37 12

Mathmatical statistics ...................................................................... 428 247 181 644 359 285 168 125 43

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 482 312 170 69 45 24 7 6 1

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 15,168 7,281 7,887 2,762 1,740 1,022 212 139 73

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,017 1,130 887 218 115 103 24 13 11

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 24 14 10 981 797 184 4 3 1

Museum studies/museology ........................................................... 1 1 0 43 9 34 0 0 ............

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 13,126 6,136 6,990 1,520 819 701 184 123 61

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 4,376 1,788 2,588 535 231 304 35 27 8

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 1,765 654 1,111 172 74 98 16 10 6

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 1,901 813 1,088 197 91 106 10 8 2

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 193 81 112 83 24 59 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 517 240 277 83 42 41 9 9 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 6,425 4,134 2,291 1,280 757 523 465 344 121

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 3,871 2,648 1,223 525 358 167 256 192 64

Religion/ religious studies ............................................................... 2,280 1,318 962 590 342 248 204 147 57

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 274 168 106 165 57 108 5 5 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 17,186 12,077 5,109 5,723 4,199 1,524 3,858 3,088 770

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 17,130 12,049 5,081 5,676 4,165 1,511 3,853 3,084 769

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 422 298 124 56 35 21 0 0 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 113 88 25 81 68 13 53 42 11

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 51 39 12 16 15 1 16 12 4

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 332 280 52 206 174 32 67 60 7

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 8,625 5,283 3,342 1,774 1,120 654 2,037 1,514 523

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 8,414 5,154 3,260 1,668 1,055 613 1,873 1,392 481

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 13 9 4 12 9 3

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 5 2 3 6 3 3

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 17 11 6 11 7 4 11 11 0

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 7 6 1 32 19 13 63 42 21

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 187 112 75 45 28 17 72 57 15

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 2,252 1,685 567 1,404 1,025 379 358 288 70

Geology ....................................................................................... 2,112 1,573 539 1,167 853 314 271 217 54

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 7 6 1 18 11 7 11 8 3

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 54 42 12 95 72 23 46 41 5

Geological and related sciences, other ...................................... 79 64 15 124 89 35 30 22 8

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 645 449 196 315 212 103 158 118 40

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 0 0 0 8 7 1 9 9 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 151 112 39 108 68 40 89 64 25

Earth and planetary science ....................................................... 451 310 141 102 70 32 46 31 15

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 43 27 16 97 67 30 14 14 0

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,352 3,703 649 1,736 1,446 290 1,112 1,009 103

Physics, general .......................................................................... 4,203 3,583 620 1,636 1,366 270 1,026 930 96

Physics, other .............................................................................. 149 120 29 100 80 20 86 79 7

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 338 224 114 88 70 18 52 41 11

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 56 28 28 47 34 13 5 4 1

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 482 307 175 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 193 159 34 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 289 148 141 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 14,698 9,128 5,570 1,047 721 326 26 17 9

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 14,538 8,976 5,562 1,020 696 324 26 17 9

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 651 322 329 87 53 34 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 3,892 2,507 1,385 307 205 102 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 7,389 4,468 2,921 512 366 146 25 16 9

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 362 187 175 27 12 15 1 1 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,343 967 376 56 42 14 0 0 0

Criminal justice, other ................................................................. 901 525 376 31 18 13 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 144 138 6 27 25 2 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 16 14 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 48,910 14,246 34,664 9,940 3,122 6,818 3,685 1,590 2,095

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 45,399 13,137 32,262 3,995 1,320 2,675 1,657 722 935

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 101 26 75 827 227 600 1,002 425 577

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 148 28 120 2,189 621 1,568 198 82 116

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 287 31 256 65 16 49 28 10 18

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 173 49 124 40 14 26 74 34 40

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 162 55 107 451 212 239 40 23 17

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 98 37 61 5 1 4 19 10 9

Social psychology ........................................................................... 698 283 415 58 16 42 31 15 16

School psychology .......................................................................... 173 19 154 1,388 340 1,048 463 183 280

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,671 581 1,090 922 355 567 173 86 87
238 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 34.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1988–89—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 13,162 3,214 9,948 17,020 5,615 11,405 428 210 218

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 828 179 649 122 42 80 10 2 8

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,324 1,306 1,018 5,680 3,160 2,520 145 100 45

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 206 104 102 476 262 214 47 30 17

Social work ..................................................................................... 9,079 1,313 7,766 9,984 1,843 8,141 203 69 134

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 725 312 413 758 308 450 23 9 14

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 198 170 28 0 0 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officers Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................. 29 26 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Military technologies ....................................................................... 169 144 25 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 108,151 60,121 48,030 11,023 6,599 4,424 2,885 1,949 936

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 5,130 2,213 2,917 421 204 217 42 35 7

Anthropology ................................................................................... 3,083 1,139 1,944 701 285 416 320 169 151

Archeology ...................................................................................... 61 21 40 21 5 16 13 5 8

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,080 600 480 57 37 20 2 1 1

Demography and population studies .............................................. 0 0 0 24 12 12 11 7 4

Economics ...................................................................................... 23,454 15,860 7,594 1,886 1,353 533 827 667 160

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3035 2126 909 555 374 181 121 94 27

Geography ................................................................................... 3,005 2,106 899 551 370 181 121 94 27

Cartography ................................................................................. 30 20 10 4 4 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 20,159 12,513 7,646 2,121 1,290 831 487 319 168

International relations and affairs ................................................... 4,396 1,855 2,541 1,658 1,053 605 50 34 16

Political science and government, general ..................................... 30,450 17,974 12,476 1,598 1,078 520 452 334 118

Sociology ........................................................................................ 14,435 4,496 9,939 1,135 486 649 451 225 226

Urban/affairs studies ....................................................................... 544 284 260 336 192 144 41 19 22

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,324 1,040 1,284 510 230 280 68 40 28

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,318 4,102 1,216 4,749 3,061 1,688 1,166 1,020 146

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 19 17 2 8 8 0 2 1 1

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,748 1,410 338 341 289 52 20 20 0

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 307 211 96 203 136 67 30 29 1

Religious education ........................................................................ 820 509 311 936 490 446 41 32 9

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 203 114 89 120 73 47 6 6 0

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 1,380 1,115 265 2,274 1,516 758 832 726 106

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 1 1 0 105 54 51 4 3 1

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 840 725 115 762 495 267 231 203 28

Transportation and material moving workers ........................................ 2,062 1,858 204 692 655 37 0 0 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 221 208 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 1,841 1,650 191 692 655 37 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 38,227 14,539 23,688 8,267 3,611 4,656 753 446 307

Visual and performing arts ............................................................. 1,888 674 1,214 219 98 121 8 3 5

Crafts, folk art and artisanry ........................................................... 91 28 63 13 5 8 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 708 106 602 191 34 157 4 0 4

Design and applied art ................................................................... 5,437 2,063 3,374 275 121 154 1 0 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 4,707 1,978 2,729 1,144 544 600 63 38 25

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 1,985 1,221 764 280 146 134 6 5 1

Film-Video making/cinematography and production ................... 718 485 233 153 78 75 5 4 1

Photography ................................................................................ 842 463 379 82 46 36 0 0 0

Film/video and photographic arts, other ..................................... 425 273 152 45 22 23 1 1 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 16,174 5,057 11,117 2,821 1,027 1,794 151 48 103

Art, general .................................................................................. 10,255 3,446 6,809 1,481 608 873 33 12 21

Art history, criticism and conservation ........................................ 2,250 411 1,839 433 85 348 105 33 72

Arts management ........................................................................ 85 15 70 74 24 50 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 715 253 462 195 82 113 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 147 57 90 47 13 34 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 114 7 107 25 3 22 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 60 8 52 23 12 11 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 2,548 860 1,688 543 200 343 13 3 10

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 6,604 3,153 3,451 3,255 1,597 1,658 519 352 167

Music, general ............................................................................. 3,300 1,479 1,821 1,049 516 533 225 144 81

Music history and literature ......................................................... 65 27 38 62 27 35 32 22 10

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,338 1,087 1,251 1,706 797 909 174 118 56

Music theory and composition .................................................... 176 119 57 163 102 61 47 36 11

Music, other ................................................................................. 725 441 284 275 155 120 41 32 9

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 633 259 374 69 39 30 1 0 1

Not classified by field of study ............................................................... 2,405 1,400 1,005 851 482 369 61 51 10

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared September, 1993.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 239

Table 35.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1989–90

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 1,051,344 491,696 559,648 324,301 153,653 170,648 38,371 24,401 13,970

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 12,900 8,822 4,078 3,382 2,239 1,143 1,295 1,038 257

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 4,456 3,350 1,106 718 535 183 213 165 48

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 3,172 2,450 722 562 422 140 155 125 30

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 337 264 73 49 37 12 5 4 1

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,103 869 234 28 24 4 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,602 1,207 395 474 350 124 150 121 29

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 130 110 20 11 11 0 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 224 218 6 4 4 0 1 1 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 91 73 18 54 45 9 17 13 4

Horticulture services operations and management ........................ 395 260 135 33 20 13 26 17 9

International agriculture .................................................................. 14 10 4 12 6 6 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 560 339 221 53 38 15 14 9 5

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 5,673 3,415 2,258 1,670 1,054 616 847 679 168

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 862 622 240 169 123 46 3 3 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 2,734 1,424 1,310 489 300 189 226 187 39

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,245 1,142 1,103 359 214 145 165 139 26

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 9 2 7 18 16 2 1 0 1

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 20 6 14 14 6 8 8 2 6

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 3 3 0 10 7 3

Dairy science ............................................................................... 135 85 50 32 22 10 19 19 0

Poultry science ............................................................................ 123 98 25 27 15 12 11 10 1

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 202 91 111 36 24 12 12 10 2

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 522 256 266 299 114 185 125 77 48

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 1,378 994 384 584 423 161 380 315 65

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 212 144 68 64 51 13 27 20 7

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 477 402 75 294 232 62 228 197 31

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 519 328 191 151 84 67 94 72 22

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 23 14 9 15 9 6 0 0 0

Range science and management ............................................... 98 78 20 47 37 10 22 20 2

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 49 28 21 13 10 3 9 6 3

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 98 74 24 89 70 19 85 76 9

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 79 45 34 40 24 16 28 21 7

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 2,771 2,057 714 994 650 344 235 194 41

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 801 528 273 290 171 119 46 38 8

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 118 82 36 3 2 1 0 0 0

Fishing and fisheries science and management ............................ 104 84 20 94 67 27 18 16 2

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 212 178 34 28 21 7 23 19 4

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 771 634 137 408 265 143 108 88 20

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 608 453 155 110 84 26 19 18 1

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 157 98 59 61 40 21 21 15 6

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,364 5,703 3,661 3,499 2,228 1,271 103 73 30

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,175 3,806 1,369 1,869 1,316 553 30 21 9

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 376 280 96 996 575 421 62 47 15

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 686 456 230 74 40 34 5 2 3

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 1,763 190 1,573 38 17 21 3 1 2

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 933 661 272 320 178 142 1 1 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 0 0 0 89 54 35 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 431 310 121 113 48 65 2 1 1

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 4,613 1,768 2,845 1,212 650 562 131 71 60

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 3,765 1,476 2,289 1,006 523 483 101 54 47

African studies ............................................................................. 43 16 27 14 7 7 3 3 0

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,408 508 900 213 98 115 65 33 32

Latin American studies ................................................................ 283 105 178 192 93 99 4 2 2

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 65 31 34 69 38 31 11 7 4

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 270 120 150 107 61 46 1 1 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 868 357 511 241 133 108 15 6 9

European studies ........................................................................ 370 187 183 76 41 35 1 1 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 458 152 306 94 52 42 1 1 0

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 743 253 490 106 42 64 20 13 7

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 237 90 147 37 19 18 1 1 0

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 81 33 48 11 2 9 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 202 2 200 16 0 16 1 0 1

Ethnic studies, other ................................................................... 223 128 95 42 21 21 18 12 6

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 105 39 66 100 85 15 10 4 6

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 37,204 18,312 18,892 4,869 2,395 2,474 3,844 2,394 1,450

Biology, general .............................................................................. 27,213 13,138 14,075 1,998 974 1,024 551 331 220

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,030 1,128 902 290 170 120 588 388 200

Botany, total .................................................................................... 194 96 98 242 128 114 250 165 85

Botany, general ........................................................................... 176 84 92 139 70 69 141 98 43

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 13 10 3 90 55 35 85 53 32

Botany, other ............................................................................... 5 2 3 13 3 10 24 14 10

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 733 430 303 99 48 51 256 157 99

Cell biology .................................................................................. 51 29 22 24 13 11 61 36 25
240 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 35.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1989–90—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 355 220 135 57 27 30 138 88 50

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 327 181 146 18 8 10 57 33 24

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,814 834 980 366 170 196 409 244 165

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,738 905 833 1,072 413 659 752 421 331

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 103 59 44 54 20 34 105 59 46

Ecology ........................................................................................ 481 292 189 191 98 93 76 53 23

Marine biology ............................................................................. 297 175 122 79 45 34 24 19 5

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 100 58 42 35 17 18 85 53 32

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 190 41 149 303 46 257 85 24 61

Toxicology ................................................................................... 52 28 24 54 26 28 55 27 28

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 163 69 94 119 46 73 185 107 78

Biometrics .................................................................................... 16 8 8 110 47 63 39 19 20

Miscellaneous biological specilizations, other ............................ 336 175 161 127 68 59 98 60 38

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 2,501 1,266 1,235 638 410 228 810 546 264

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,016 1,004 1,012 226 149 77 166 112 54

Entomology ................................................................................. 60 47 13 139 97 42 145 118 27

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 8 2 6 36 17 19 91 61 30

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 20 8 12 54 30 24 174 105 69

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 397 205 192 183 117 66 230 146 84

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 981 515 466 164 82 82 228 142 86

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 248,698 132,329 116,369 76,676 50,585 26,091 1,093 818 275

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 243,385 130,300 113,085 76,587 50,524 26,063 1,091 818 273

Business, general ........................................................................... 42,262 22,812 19,450 13,872 9,351 4,521 186 125 61

Business administration and management, total ........................... 71,537 38,570 32,967 39,659 26,618 13,041 556 437 119

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,117 104 1,013 7 3 4 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 1,215 920 295 158 126 32 5 4 1

Business administration and management, other ...................... 69,205 37,546 31,659 39,494 26,489 13,005 551 433 118

Accounting ...................................................................................... 44,563 20,829 23,734 3,266 1,825 1,441 60 34 26

Administrative and secretarial services .......................................... 666 57 609 1 0 1 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,638 2,413 1,225 172 124 48 32 29 3

Enterprise management and operation .......................................... 130 105 25 8 5 3 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 27,116 18,055 9,061 5,649 3,999 1,650 51 46 5

Finance, general ......................................................................... 25,952 17,364 8,588 5,290 3,758 1,532 48 43 5

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 233 134 99 52 30 22 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 540 319 221 46 32 14 3 3 0

Investments and securities ......................................................... 391 238 153 261 179 82 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 5,818 3,013 2,805 406 257 149 2 1 1

Human resources management, total ............................................ 5,474 2,515 2,959 2,143 983 1,160 67 44 23

Human resources management .................................................. 3,891 1,757 2,134 1,270 571 699 20 12 8

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................ 1,024 482 542 707 335 372 17 14 3

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 559 276 283 166 77 89 30 18 12

International business ..................................................................... 1,565 656 909 1,840 1,165 675 14 12 2

Business information systems, total ............................................... 3,406 2,019 1,387 1,101 795 306 9 8 1

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 3,316 1,977 1,339 1,101 795 306 9 8 1

Business information systems, other .......................................... 90 42 48 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 1,640 962 678 665 510 155 15 13 2

Business statistics ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,640 962 678 665 510 155 15 13 2

Marketing management and research ............................................ 30,301 15,095 15,206 2,395 1,236 1,159 51 34 17

Real estate ...................................................................................... 834 609 225 284 232 52 0 0 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 960 600 360 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 80 59 21 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 4,355 2,531 1,824 4,166 2,824 1,342 48 35 13

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 5,313 2,029 3,284 89 61 28 2 0 2

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 1,546 56 1,490 0 0 0 2 0 2

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 772 436 336 1 1 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 2,292 1,217 1,075 21 14 7 0 0 0

Transportation and travel services marketing operations .............. 246 47 199 29 14 15 0 0 0

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, other ................. 457 273 184 38 32 6 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 51,308 20,218 31,090 4,362 1,707 2,655 273 145 128

Communications, total ........................................................................ 50,114 19,591 30,523 4,063 1,557 2,506 267 142 125

Communications, general ............................................................... 24,181 9,071 15,110 1,512 561 951 187 94 93

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,776 984 1,792 227 71 156 1 1 0

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 12,599 4,612 7,987 1,325 509 816 44 29 15

Journalism ................................................................................... 11,566 4,153 7,413 1,298 497 801 44 29 15

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 1,033 459 574 27 12 15 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 1,807 526 1,281 103 29 74 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 5,571 3,011 2,560 270 139 131 12 5 7

Communications, other ................................................................... 3,180 1,387 1,793 626 248 378 23 13 10

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,194 627 567 299 150 149 6 3 3

Photographic technology/technician ............................................... 39 16 23 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting technology/technician .............. 1,054 550 504 264 129 135 5 3 2

Communications technologies/technicians, other .......................... 101 61 40 35 21 14 1 0 1

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 27,257 19,117 8,140 9,677 6,960 2,717 627 534 93
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 241

Table 35.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1989–90—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 21,108 15,163 5,945 7,881 5,773 2,108 600 517 83

Computer programming .................................................................. 485 395 90 124 99 25 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 531 299 232 73 58 15 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 3,676 2,281 1,395 1,171 719 452 17 8 9

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 263 178 85 67 56 11 2 2 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 1,194 801 393 361 255 106 8 7 1

Education, total ...................................................................................... 105,112 23,007 82,105 84,881 20,467 64,414 6,502 2,776 3,726

Education, general .......................................................................... 2,235 455 1,780 9,134 2,396 6,738 1,240 474 766

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 131 10 121 195 67 128 34 20 14

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 529 21 508 5,230 966 4,264 728 262 466

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 21 0 21 9,935 4,101 5,834 2,016 986 1,030

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 3 0 3 6,414 2,778 3,636 1,406 709 697

Administration of special education ............................................ 13 0 13 7 2 5 10 4 6

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 166 51 115 52 25 27

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 813 248 565 38 17 21

Elementary and secondary education administration ................. 0 0 0 1,631 661 970 57 27 30

Higher education administration ................................................. 5 0 5 260 101 159 342 153 189

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 102 30 72 4 2 2

Educational administration and supervision, other ..................... 0 0 0 542 230 312 107 49 58

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 17 4 13 809 197 612 29 14 15

Educational evaluation, research, and statistics, total ................... 5 3 2 175 59 116 131 51 80

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 3 2 1 77 22 55 79 31 48

Educational statistics and research methods ............................. 2 1 1 24 11 13 30 12 18

Educational assessment, testing and measurement .................. 0 0 0 74 26 48 22 8 14

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 0 0 0 203 67 136 139 56 83

Special education, total .................................................................. 6,615 462 6,153 9,025 1,102 7,923 203 58 145

Special education, general .......................................................... 4,236 323 3,913 6,791 853 5,938 169 51 118

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 219 14 205 155 22 133 2 0 2

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 4 0 4 171 8 163 5 0 5

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 221 25 196 203 35 168 1 0 1

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 612 37 575 187 28 159 2 1 1

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 58 5 53 81 8 73 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 30 3 27 30 2 28 0 0 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 17 0 17 21 5 16 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 376 17 359 731 72 659 12 2 10

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 548 17 531 256 11 245 0 0 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 294 21 273 399 58 341 12 4 8

Counseling education/counseling and guidance services .............. 48 9 39 10,515 2,357 8,158 414 164 250

General teacher education, total .................................................... 59,481 5,413 54,068 20,037 2,932 17,105 397 140 257

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 83 18 65 700 218 482 152 64 88

Elementary education ................................................................. 49,104 3,529 45,575 12,184 1,058 11,126 88 20 68

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 867 154 713 551 71 480 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 4,855 75 4,780 1,624 31 1,593 18 1 17

Secondary education .................................................................. 4,102 1,564 2,538 3,667 1,235 2,432 80 30 50

General teacher education, other ............................................... 470 73 397 1,311 319 992 59 25 34

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, total ...... 35,113 16,389 18,724 15,873 5,252 10,621 867 430 437

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 501 389 112 263 205 58 35 26 9

Art education ............................................................................... 1,179 229 950 536 86 450 40 15 25

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 1,920 383 1,537 542 123 419 15 4 11

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 55 43 12 58 46 12 0 0 0

English education ........................................................................ 1,934 367 1,567 454 94 360 23 9 14

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 393 64 329 157 33 124 19 10 9

Health education ......................................................................... 1,658 444 1,214 796 199 597 113 35 78

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 465 4 461 191 3 188 7 0 7

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 1,891 1,659 232 608 484 124 35 20 15

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 274 126 148 18 7 11 1 0 1

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,726 644 1,082 783 241 542 44 25 19

Music education .......................................................................... 2,847 1,138 1,709 891 365 526 73 41 32

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 13,022 7,063 5,959 3,485 1,723 1,762 213 130 83

Reading education ...................................................................... 222 21 201 3,549 179 3,370 79 15 64

Science education ....................................................................... 1,511 669 842 802 341 461 44 27 17

Social science education ............................................................ 785 385 400 163 49 114 2 1 1

Social studies education ............................................................. 1,727 1,031 696 212 127 85 5 3 2

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 254 189 65 231 149 82 23 16 7

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,333 953 380 530 273 257 56 34 22

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 1,416 588 828 1,604 525 1,079 40 19 21

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 39 9 30 921 210 711 1 1 0

Education, other .............................................................................. 878 232 646 2,829 761 2,068 303 120 183

Engineering and engineering technologies, total .................................. 81,322 70,071 11,251 24,772 21,357 3,415 4,981 4,536 445

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 63,609 53,804 9,805 23,863 20,612 3,251 4,967 4,522 445

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,574 2,153 421 1,122 979 143 252 237 15

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 3,035 2,698 337 1,023 942 81 180 177 3

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 447 391 56 186 162 24 81 75 6

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 530 439 91 34 34 0 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 688 467 221 360 243 117 112 92 20

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 349 274 75 90 69 21 42 32 10
242 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 35.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1989–90—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,430 2,398 1,032 1,035 855 180 562 487 75

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 7,252 6,134 1,118 2,812 2,406 406 516 468 48

Computer engineering .................................................................... 1,903 1,654 249 783 645 138 86 75 11

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 20,711 18,138 2,573 7,225 6,365 860 1,162 1,076 86

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 131 114 17 173 149 24 95 89 6

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 331 286 45 76 67 9 27 25 2

Engineering science ....................................................................... 224 187 37 305 265 40 73 66 7

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 108 63 45 354 247 107 36 27 9

Geological engineering ................................................................... 67 51 16 40 32 8 6 5 1

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 19 15 4 11 11 0 3 2 1

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,915 2,760 1,155 1,841 1,495 346 194 160 34

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 456 326 130 483 392 91 262 231 31

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 14,336 12,646 1,690 3,424 3,098 326 742 706 36

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 357 284 73 197 165 32 103 95 8

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 86 82 4 57 54 3 37 34 3

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 322 309 13 45 44 1 6 4 2

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 251 218 33 227 202 25 123 113 10

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 82 70 12 94 84 10 17 15 2

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 307 283 24 165 156 9 54 54 0

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 327 258 69 306 257 49 25 25 0

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 39 18 21 22 16 6 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,332 1,088 244 1,373 1,178 195 170 151 19

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 17,713 16,267 1,446 909 745 164 14 14 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 811 748 63 11 9 2 0 0 0

Civil engineering/civil technologies ................................................. 482 446 36 1 1 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic engineering-related technologies ............ 4,580 4,284 296 46 37 9 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 416 389 27 11 11 0 1 1 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 166 132 34 59 36 23 1 1 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,487 4,043 444 198 163 35 4 4 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 342 262 80 177 147 30 0 0 0

Mechanical engineering-related technologies ................................ 2,556 2,419 137 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum engineering technologies ............................ 25 24 1 2 1 1 6 6 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 104 94 10 22 19 3 2 2 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 202 198 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 19 17 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering-related technologies, other ......................................... 3,523 3,211 312 382 321 61 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 47,519 15,662 31,857 6,567 2,205 4,362 1,078 480 598

English language and literature, general ........................................ 34,412 10,907 23,505 4,588 1,539 3,049 771 347 424

Comparative literature .................................................................... 716 225 491 250 80 170 92 36 56

English composition ........................................................................ 200 86 114 10 2 8 6 2 4

English creative writing ................................................................... 633 250 383 630 244 386 1 0 1

American literature (United States) ................................................ 55 13 42 2 0 2 2 1 1

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,642 552 1,090 265 81 184 64 24 40

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 8,553 3,175 5,378 577 177 400 101 54 47

English technical and business writing ........................................... 144 41 103 88 26 62 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,164 413 751 157 56 101 41 16 25

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 12,386 3,387 8,999 2,760 900 1,860 724 312 412

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,299 357 942 872 288 584 222 97 125

Foreign languages, general ........................................................ 785 214 571 259 68 191 61 23 38

Linguistics .................................................................................... 514 143 371 613 220 393 161 74 87

East and southeast asian languages and literatures , total ........... 402 181 221 77 28 49 19 11 8

Chinese ....................................................................................... 144 60 84 33 13 20 8 5 3

Japanese ..................................................................................... 193 80 113 22 4 18 1 0 1

East and southeast asian languages, other ............................... 65 41 24 22 11 11 10 6 4

East european languages and literatures, total ............................. 615 272 343 122 49 73 21 7 14

Russian ....................................................................................... 549 246 303 52 18 34 5 3 2

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 66 26 40 70 31 39 16 4 12

East european languages, other ................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,482 510 972 272 99 173 77 32 45

German ....................................................................................... 1,437 501 936 253 92 161 67 27 40

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 33 7 26 7 3 4 2 2 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 12 2 10 12 4 8 8 3 5

South asian languages and literatures ........................................... 2 0 2 1 0 1 2 1 1

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 7,746 1,702 6,044 1,157 311 846 274 93 181

French ......................................................................................... 3,259 569 2,690 478 120 358 115 36 79

Italian ........................................................................................... 247 57 190 38 12 26 19 10 9

Portuguese .................................................................................. 30 14 16 7 0 7 1 0 1

Spanish ....................................................................................... 4,176 1,055 3,121 573 168 405 108 35 73

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 34 7 27 61 11 50 31 12 19

Middle eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 60 23 37 43 29 14 21 16 5

Arabic .......................................................................................... 4 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 44 16 28 31 19 12 10 7 3

Middle eastern languages, other ................................................ 12 4 8 12 10 2 10 9 1

Classical and ancient Near East languages and literatures, total . 585 280 305 160 76 84 46 26 20

Classics and classical languages ............................................... 457 213 244 132 63 69 46 26 20
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 243

Table 35.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1989–90—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 38 22 16 6 6 0 0 0 0

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 90 45 45 22 7 15 0 0 0

Foreign languages and literatures, other ....................................... 195 62 133 56 20 36 42 29 13

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 58,302 9,118 49,184 20,321 4,534 15,787 1,536 704 832

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 2,868 140 2,728 2,940 135 2,805 89 23 66

Community health liason ................................................................ 587 97 490 585 179 406 63 26 37

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 87 57 30 449 342 107 14 9 5

Dental services ............................................................................... 711 8 703 28 3 25 0 0 0

Health and administrative services, total ........................................ 3,180 637 2,543 2,984 1,015 1,969 29 12 17

Health services administration .................................................... 2,347 539 1,808 2,465 836 1,629 18 8 10

Medical records administration ................................................... 612 44 568 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 18 4 14 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health services administration, other .......................................... 203 50 153 519 179 340 11 4 7

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 625 249 376 51 14 37 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 0 0 0 20 4 16 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 611 248 363 31 10 21 0 0 0

Veterinarian assistant/animal health technician .......................... 14 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, other .......................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 942 352 590 26 15 11 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 219 83 136 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 723 269 454 26 15 11 0 0 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, total ...... 2,527 634 1,893 1,318 457 861 116 48 68

Medical laboratory ....................................................................... 2,093 486 1,607 73 21 52 1 0 1

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 434 148 286 1,245 436 809 115 48 67

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 642 418 224 2 1 1 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 47 37 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 564 369 195 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 29 10 19 2 1 1 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 92 59 33 34 17 17 6 3 3

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 155 72 83 166 89 77 99 65 34

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 238 58 180 163 44 119 0 0 0

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 73 31 42 35 11 24 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 119 21 98 54 10 44 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 46 6 40 68 19 49 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 6 4 2 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 28,822 1,704 27,118 6,790 592 6,198 319 31 288

Optometry ....................................................................................... 252 129 123 17 8 9 0 0 0

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 2 1 1 8 5 3 0 0 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 6,020 2,426 3,594 286 153 133 163 105 58

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 258 111 147 54 28 26

Rehabilitative/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 6,331 1,090 5,241 2,239 448 1,791 26 14 12

Art therapy ................................................................................... 39 2 37 124 8 116 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 2 0 2 44 4 40 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 164 18 146 20 5 15 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 1,978 141 1,837 389 25 364 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 23 20 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,497 817 2,680 927 225 702 2 0 2

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 156 27 129 18 6 12 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation therapy ................................................. 185 25 160 599 146 453 13 8 5

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 287 40 247 118 29 89 11 6 5

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 246 100 146 104 64 40 86 57 29

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 17 7 10 51 16 35 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,958 880 3,078 1,822 826 996 472 283 189

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 14,491 1,454 13,037 2,100 305 1,795 301 90 211

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 13,368 1,135 12,233 2,036 290 1,746 296 90 206

Home economics, general .............................................................. 3,230 189 3,041 410 16 394 54 8 46

Business home economics ............................................................. 207 16 191 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 205 22 183 46 12 34 7 5 2

Family/consumer resource management ....................................... 902 282 620 34 4 30 20 5 15

Foods and nutrition studies ............................................................ 2,398 229 2,169 468 52 416 55 20 35

Housing studies .............................................................................. 648 50 598 45 12 33 3 1 2

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 3,087 218 2,869 858 169 689 136 47 89

Textiles and clothing ....................................................................... 2,453 116 2,337 105 12 93 18 4 14

Home economics, other .................................................................. 238 13 225 70 13 57 3 0 3

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,123 319 804 64 15 49 5 0 5

Consumer and homemaking education .......................................... 352 10 342 46 12 34 3 0 3

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 72 33 39 7 2 5 2 0 2

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 699 276 423 11 1 10 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 1,592 514 1,078 1,888 1,318 570 111 87 24

Law, general ................................................................................... 2 1 1 957 655 302 106 82 24

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 311 166 145 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 604 90 514 4 2 2 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 675 257 418 927 661 266 5 5 0

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 27,985 11,395 16,590 1,999 721 1,278 63 31 32
244 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 35.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1989–90—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies, total ............................... 16,212 6,796 9,416 1,786 643 1,143 57 27 30

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ..................................... 13,403 5,838 7,565 1,383 477 906 23 9 14

Humanities/humanistic studies .................................................... 2,809 958 1,851 403 166 237 34 18 16

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 11,773 4,599 7,174 213 78 135 6 4 2

Library science, total .............................................................................. 77 13 64 4,341 981 3,360 42 11 31

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 76 13 63 4,315 978 3,337 42 11 31

Library science, other ..................................................................... 1 0 1 26 3 23 0 0 0

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 15,176 8,236 6,940 4,146 2,568 1,578 966 794 172

Mathematics, general ..................................................................... 12,458 6,553 5,905 2,457 1,483 974 608 506 102

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,774 1,110 664 907 637 270 139 116 23

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 874 548 326 385 241 144 90 76 14

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 900 562 338 522 396 126 49 40 9

Pure mathematics ........................................................................... 99 58 41 16 10 6 10 9 1

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 450 265 185 674 386 288 197 155 42

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 395 250 145 92 52 40 12 8 4

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 16,267 7,843 8,424 2,834 1,700 1,134 272 176 96

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,193 1,218 975 250 124 126 44 36 8

Systems science ............................................................................. 41 25 16 1,002 807 195 10 8 2

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 3 2 1 54 10 44 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 14,030 6,598 7,432 1,528 759 769 218 132 86

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 4,582 2,016 2,566 529 211 318 35 18 17

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 1,835 775 1,060 180 76 104 18 8 10

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 1,906 838 1,068 169 61 108 16 9 7

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 198 87 111 111 38 73 0 0 0

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, other ..................... 643 316 327 69 36 33 1 1 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 6,868 4,402 2,466 1,306 824 482 439 325 114

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 4,287 2,926 1,361 550 388 162 248 191 57

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,274 1,305 969 581 379 202 185 128 57

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 307 171 136 175 57 118 6 6 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 16,066 11,031 5,035 5,449 4,010 1,439 4,164 3,356 808

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 15,959 10,963 4,996 5,395 3,975 1,420 4,155 3,347 808

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 441 308 133 52 37 15 1 1 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 104 71 33 94 74 20 69 56 13

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 46 36 10 13 11 2 22 19 3

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 355 281 74 200 171 29 60 48 12

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 8,132 4,893 3,239 1,682 1,022 660 2,183 1,641 542

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 7,939 4,768 3,171 1,554 951 603 2,023 1,533 490

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 1 1 0 12 7 5 15 13 2

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 10 5 5 8 5 3

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 14 7 7 10 6 4 16 13 3

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 10 5 5 39 14 25 48 28 20

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 168 112 56 57 39 18 73 49 24

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 1,767 1,252 515 1,200 913 287 414 340 74

Geology ....................................................................................... 1,634 1,153 481 957 727 230 301 249 52

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 12 9 3 9 8 1 13 11 2

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 39 33 6 90 71 19 51 40 11

Geological sciences, other .......................................................... 82 57 25 144 107 37 49 40 9

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 648 449 199 257 164 93 140 106 34

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 2 2 0 10 9 1 3 3 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 166 119 47 81 53 28 83 60 23

Earth science .............................................................................. 439 307 132 115 80 35 52 41 11

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 41 21 20 51 22 29 2 2 0

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,155 3,479 676 1,831 1,532 299 1,192 1,073 119

Physics, general .......................................................................... 4,022 3,371 651 1,697 1,420 277 1,115 1,003 112

Physics, other .............................................................................. 133 108 25 134 112 22 77 70 7

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 311 194 117 66 51 15 74 63 11

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 107 68 39 54 35 19 9 9 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 528 388 140 3 2 1 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 256 225 31 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 272 163 109 3 2 1 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 15,354 9,519 5,835 1,151 791 360 38 25 13

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 15,164 9,344 5,820 1,145 785 360 38 25 13

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 609 291 318 146 116 30 0 0 0

Criminal justice administration .................................................... 4,140 2,637 1,503 351 221 130 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 7,695 4,629 3,066 543 383 160 38 25 13

Forensic technology/technician ................................................... 378 197 181 33 26 7 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,432 1,036 396 32 17 15 0 0 0

Criminal justice and corrections, other ....................................... 910 554 356 40 22 18 0 0 0

Fire protection ................................................................................. 156 150 6 6 6 0 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 34 25 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 53,952 15,336 38,616 10,730 3,377 7,353 3,811 1,566 2,245

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 50,492 14,310 36,182 4,078 1,385 2,693 1,651 720 931

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 86 21 65 812 245 567 1,069 421 648

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 147 49 98 2,648 761 1,887 231 99 132

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 374 46 328 76 15 61 33 8 25

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 208 64 144 29 14 15 74 34 40

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 171 59 112 451 210 241 53 33 20
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 245

Table 35.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred 1 by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1989–90—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Physiological psychology ................................................................ 72 31 41 9 4 5 12 3 9

Social psychology ........................................................................... 558 229 329 47 9 38 27 8 19

School psychology .......................................................................... 158 14 144 1,538 389 1,149 489 175 314

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,686 513 1,173 1,042 345 697 172 65 107

Public administrations and services, total ............................................. 13,908 3,334 10,574 17,399 5,634 11,765 508 235 273

Public affairs, general ..................................................................... 808 459 349 504 284 220 17 12 5

Community organizations, resources and services ........................ 947 219 728 95 39 56 10 5 5

Public administration ....................................................................... 1,850 973 877 5,207 2,893 2,314 117 85 32

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 258 133 125 416 228 188 56 39 17

Social work ..................................................................................... 9,651 1,333 8,318 10,594 1,966 8,628 288 90 198

Public administration and services, other ....................................... 394 217 177 583 224 359 20 4 16

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 196 177 19 0 0 0 0 0 0

Reserve Officers Training Corps (R.O.T.C.) .................................. 35 32 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Military technologies, total .............................................................. 161 145 16 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 118,083 65,887 52,196 11,634 6,898 4,736 3,010 2,019 991

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 5,705 2,459 3,246 520 254 266 39 28 11

Anthropology ................................................................................... 3,603 1,311 2,292 800 333 467 324 151 173

Archeology ...................................................................................... 84 30 54 36 17 19 13 4 9

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,425 869 556 68 38 30 3 0 3

Demography and population studies .............................................. 1 0 1 30 17 13 10 5 5

Economics ...................................................................................... 23,923 16,467 7,456 1,950 1,444 506 806 645 161

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,230 2,243 987 556 351 205 146 109 37

Geography ................................................................................... 3,210 2,229 981 555 350 205 146 109 37

Cartography ................................................................................. 20 14 6 1 1 0 0 0 0

History, total .................................................................................... 22,476 14,053 8,423 2,369 1,467 902 570 381 189

History ......................................................................................... 22,476 14,053 8,423 2,365 1,466 899 570 381 189

Public/applied history and archival administration ...................... 0 0 0 4 1 3 0 0 0

International relations and affairs ................................................... 4,862 1,979 2,883 1,670 1,009 661 87 69 18

Political science and government ................................................... 33,560 19,885 13,675 1,580 1,069 511 480 365 115

Sociology ........................................................................................ 16,035 5,083 10,952 1,198 490 708 432 220 212

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 599 327 272 333 201 132 38 14 24

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,580 1,181 1,399 524 208 316 62 28 34

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,200 3,950 1,250 4,959 3,149 1,810 1,317 1,162 155

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 15 13 2 8 7 1 0 0 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,589 1,279 310 349 298 51 27 26 1

Missions/missionary studies and missiology .................................. 317 204 113 184 125 59 56 53 3

Religious education ........................................................................ 938 555 383 955 478 477 72 58 14

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 170 99 71 142 85 57 9 8 1

Theology and theological studies ................................................... 1,409 1,147 262 2,463 1,615 848 894 796 98

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 1 1 0 306 164 142 5 3 2

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 761 652 109 552 377 175 254 218 36

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 2,387 2,119 268 538 504 34 0 0 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 221 207 14 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 2,166 1,912 254 538 504 34 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 39,934 15,189 24,745 8,481 3,706 4,775 849 472 377

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 2,112 776 1,336 185 64 121 7 3 4

Crafts, folk arts and artisanry ......................................................... 102 40 62 15 9 6 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 621 63 558 167 29 138 8 2 6

Design and applied art ................................................................... 5,787 2,178 3,609 287 110 177 1 0 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 4,742 1,886 2,856 1,205 598 607 93 50 43

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 2,103 1,285 818 340 204 136 6 3 3

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 810 537 273 151 88 63 5 2 3

Photography ................................................................................ 773 411 362 104 62 42 0 0 0

Film arts, other ............................................................................ 520 337 183 85 54 31 1 1 0

Fine arts, total ................................................................................. 16,971 5,305 11,666 2,938 1,058 1,880 158 45 113

Art, general .................................................................................. 10,779 3,596 7,183 1,581 638 943 22 10 12

Art history, crticism and conservation ......................................... 2,334 400 1,934 480 106 374 108 26 82

Arts management ........................................................................ 101 22 79 99 20 79 2 1 1

Painting ....................................................................................... 747 265 482 182 88 94 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 163 49 114 48 22 26 0 0 0

Fiber, textile, and weaving arts ................................................... 116 11 105 9 1 8 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 65 12 53 18 5 13 0 0 0

Fine arts, other ............................................................................ 2,666 950 1,716 521 178 343 26 8 18

Graphic arts technology .................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 6,879 3,411 3,468 3,260 1,588 1,672 574 367 207

Music, general ............................................................................. 3,384 1,591 1,793 1,056 503 553 248 156 92

Music history and literature ......................................................... 67 32 35 56 34 22 31 18 13

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,478 1,220 1,258 1,664 780 884 185 112 73

Music theory and composition .................................................... 206 132 74 155 99 56 70 56 14

Music, other ................................................................................. 744 436 308 329 172 157 40 25 15

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 617 245 372 84 46 38 2 2 0

Not classified by field of study ............................................................... 2,713 1,379 1,334 1,836 727 1,109 258 153 105

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared September, 1993.)
246 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 36.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1990–91

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 1,094,538 504,045 590,493 337,168 156,482 180,686 39,294 24,756 14,538

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 13,124 8,832 4,292 3,295 2,160 1,135 1,185 953 232

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 4,544 3,387 1,157 681 487 194 209 163 46

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 3,217 2,441 776 528 380 148 168 131 37

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 289 222 67 45 35 10 3 2 1

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,072 822 250 21 17 4 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,741 1,300 441 451 320 131 165 129 36

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 115 97 18 11 8 3 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 216 215 1 9 9 0 2 2 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 121 95 26 30 24 6 12 11 1

Horticulture service operations and management .......................... 388 258 130 49 28 21 13 10 3

International agriculture .................................................................. 14 9 5 12 6 6 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 588 369 219 53 40 13 14 9 5

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 5,479 3,194 2,285 1,606 1,011 595 745 598 147

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 908 628 280 192 139 53 6 4 2

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 2,674 1,352 1,322 416 252 164 204 168 36

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,217 1,094 1,123 309 191 118 146 123 23

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 17 8 9 9 7 2 3 3 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 14 6 8 16 7 9 10 6 4

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 6 4 2 6 4 2

Dairy science ............................................................................... 127 87 40 31 15 16 13 9 4

Poultry science ............................................................................ 104 73 31 14 5 9 12 11 1

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 195 84 111 31 23 8 14 12 2

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 471 209 262 294 120 174 123 85 38

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 1,271 903 368 603 431 172 317 265 52

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 208 136 72 72 55 17 29 24 5

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 436 365 71 294 234 60 170 150 20

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 471 290 181 141 73 68 73 55 18

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 20 12 8 18 15 3 2 2 0

Range science and management ............................................... 85 68 17 46 32 14 22 18 4

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 51 32 19 32 22 10 21 16 5

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 97 75 22 83 61 22 87 71 16

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 58 27 31 18 8 10 8 5 3

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 3,101 2,251 850 1,008 662 346 231 192 39

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 927 561 366 311 180 131 46 33 13

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 137 102 35 13 9 4 0 0 0

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 156 126 30 77 51 26 27 25 2

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 211 185 26 25 21 4 12 11 1

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 832 691 141 413 274 139 117 100 17

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 661 476 185 140 107 33 17 15 2

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 177 110 67 29 20 9 12 8 4

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,781 5,788 3,993 3,490 2,244 1,246 135 101 34

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,203 3,786 1,417 1,840 1,281 559 46 33 13

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 429 284 145 1,097 663 434 75 60 15

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 759 502 257 67 38 29 5 1 4

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 2,016 234 1,782 25 6 19 3 1 2

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 928 649 279 293 152 141 2 2 0

Architectural urban design .............................................................. 0 0 0 66 46 20 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 446 333 113 102 58 44 4 4 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 4,884 1,860 3,024 1,263 637 626 167 94 73

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 3,918 1,575 2,343 1,029 517 512 138 75 63

African studies ............................................................................. 37 11 26 17 7 10 5 4 1

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,426 534 892 212 79 133 86 35 51

Latin American studies ................................................................ 321 110 211 163 86 77 6 5 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 50 32 18 60 31 29 16 12 4

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 269 113 156 124 65 59 1 1 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 919 401 518 284 154 130 15 11 4

European studies ........................................................................ 360 180 180 68 32 36 0 0 0

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 536 194 342 101 63 38 9 7 2

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 803 226 577 127 50 77 22 14 8

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 274 92 182 48 22 26 4 2 2

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 74 30 44 12 3 9 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 261 2 259 13 0 13 0 0 0

Ethnic studies, other ................................................................... 194 102 92 54 25 29 18 12 6

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 163 59 104 107 70 37 7 5 2

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 39,530 19,412 20,118 4,765 2,302 2,463 4,093 2,577 1,516

Biology, general .............................................................................. 29,285 14,085 15,200 1,956 958 998 632 392 240

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,094 1,177 917 254 125 129 650 417 233

Botany, total .................................................................................... 175 99 76 236 133 103 267 178 89

Botany, general ........................................................................... 162 92 70 136 78 58 136 85 51

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 7 3 4 93 51 42 103 71 32

Botany, other ............................................................................... 6 4 2 7 4 3 28 22 6

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 816 477 339 81 40 41 261 163 98

Cell biology .................................................................................. 89 47 42 26 16 10 61 38 23
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 247

Table 36.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1990–91—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 419 247 172 40 20 20 141 87 54

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 308 183 125 15 4 11 59 38 21

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,757 799 958 324 163 161 419 248 171

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,890 957 933 1,083 419 664 800 471 329

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 46 18 28 73 32 41 114 64 50

Ecology ........................................................................................ 567 343 224 219 130 89 96 62 34

Marine/aquatic biology ................................................................ 370 195 175 87 39 48 29 25 4

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 105 60 45 38 21 17 118 71 47

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 213 54 159 283 31 252 86 42 44

Toxicology ................................................................................... 27 15 12 48 22 26 48 30 18

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 187 81 106 109 39 70 185 113 72

Biometrics .................................................................................... 20 6 14 99 36 63 44 20 24

Miscellaneous specialized areas, other ...................................... 355 185 170 127 69 58 80 44 36

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 2,673 1,372 1,301 640 358 282 833 558 275

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,217 1,124 1,093 211 119 92 164 104 60

Entomology ................................................................................. 52 42 10 118 69 49 140 108 32

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 9 2 7 42 23 19 112 78 34

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 23 9 14 47 28 19 205 133 72

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 372 195 177 222 119 103 210 133 77

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 840 446 394 191 106 85 231 150 81

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 249,311 131,624 117,687 78,255 50,883 27,372 1,185 876 309

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 243,650 129,465 114,185 78,121 50,794 27,327 1,185 876 309

Business, general ........................................................................... 40,110 21,087 19,023 14,373 9,640 4,733 227 170 57

Business administration and management, total ........................... 72,391 38,998 33,393 40,121 26,413 13,708 600 448 152

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,033 97 936 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 1,341 1,041 300 294 221 73 12 12 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 70,017 37,860 32,157 39,827 26,192 13,635 588 436 152

Accounting ...................................................................................... 45,860 21,172 24,688 3,611 2,014 1,597 38 25 13

Secretarial and related programs ................................................... 589 72 517 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,613 2,362 1,251 222 157 65 35 22 13

Small business management and ownership ................................. 120 96 24 13 9 4 0 0 0

Financial management and services, total ..................................... 25,849 17,395 8,454 5,544 3,976 1,568 58 53 5

Finance, general ......................................................................... 24,499 16,551 7,948 5,145 3,703 1,442 53 49 4

Actuarial sciences ....................................................................... 268 164 104 66 41 25 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management ................................................ 570 351 219 54 42 12 5 4 1

Investments and securities ......................................................... 512 329 183 279 190 89 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 6,388 3,260 3,128 475 277 198 3 2 1

Human resources management, total ............................................ 6,383 2,897 3,486 2,070 882 1,188 58 29 29

Human resources management .................................................. 4,521 1,967 2,554 1,156 485 671 14 2 12

Labor/industrial relations ............................................................. 1,101 563 538 723 321 402 19 16 3

Organizational behavior studies .................................................. 761 367 394 191 76 115 25 11 14

International business ..................................................................... 1,812 819 993 2,110 1,377 733 16 15 1

Business information systems, total ............................................... 3,474 2,056 1,418 1,293 891 402 11 10 1

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 3,398 2,011 1,387 1,293 891 402 11 10 1

Business information systems, other .......................................... 76 45 31 0 0 0 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 1,635 932 703 620 474 146 26 18 8

Business statistics ....................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,635 932 703 620 474 146 26 18 8

Marketing management and research ............................................ 29,529 14,770 14,759 2,389 1,241 1,148 50 39 11

Real estate ...................................................................................... 774 601 173 243 199 44 5 4 1

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 1,179 715 464 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 105 74 31 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 5,018 2,874 2,144 3,858 2,529 1,329 58 41 17

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 5,661 2,159 3,502 134 89 45 0 0 0

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 1,655 72 1,583 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 749 416 333 1 1 0 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 2,485 1,310 1,175 23 16 7 0 0 0

Transportation and travel marketing ............................................... 239 37 202 42 20 22 0 0 0

Marketing and distribution, other .................................................... 533 324 209 68 52 16 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 52,773 20,645 32,128 4,336 1,711 2,625 274 151 123

Communications, total ........................................................................ 51,650 20,043 31,607 4,123 1,618 2,505 259 140 119

Communications, general ............................................................... 24,652 9,208 15,444 1,527 587 940 170 95 75

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,957 1,021 1,936 209 74 135 3 0 3

Journalism and mass communications, total ................................. 13,050 4,672 8,378 1,404 563 841 44 27 17

Journalism ................................................................................... 12,019 4,229 7,790 1,382 554 828 43 27 16

Broadcast journalism ................................................................... 1,031 443 588 22 9 13 1 0 1

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 1,897 575 1,322 127 26 101 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 5,610 3,043 2,567 244 135 109 8 4 4

Communications, other ................................................................... 3,484 1,524 1,960 612 233 379 34 14 20

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 1,123 602 521 213 93 120 15 11 4

Photographic technology ................................................................ 24 14 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television technology ..................................................... 1,023 546 477 157 65 92 13 10 3

Communications technologies, other ............................................. 76 42 34 56 28 28 2 1 1

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 25,083 17,726 7,357 9,324 6,563 2,761 676 584 92
248 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 36.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1990–91—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 19,453 14,214 5,239 7,555 5,470 2,085 633 557 76

Computer programming .................................................................. 390 292 98 102 85 17 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 395 242 153 95 63 32 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 3,707 2,271 1,436 1,177 697 480 24 12 12

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 217 135 82 67 52 15 5 4 1

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 921 572 349 328 196 132 14 11 3

Education, total ...................................................................................... 110,807 23,417 87,390 87,343 20,448 66,895 6,187 2,613 3,574

Education, general .......................................................................... 1,996 326 1,670 9,560 2,351 7,209 1,079 407 672

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 112 7 105 140 25 115 12 2 10

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 582 36 546 5,799 1,105 4,694 693 242 451

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 41 7 34 9,904 4,011 5,893 2,055 982 1,073

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 27 3 24 6,571 2,691 3,880 1,494 727 767

Administration of special education ............................................ 12 2 10 17 1 16 11 5 6

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 117 39 78 44 19 25

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 722 226 496 38 14 24

Elementary and secondary education administration ................. 0 0 0 1,615 673 942 20 10 10

Higher education administration ................................................. 1 1 0 374 159 215 328 158 170

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 89 42 47 6 5 1

Education administration and supervision, other ........................ 1 1 0 399 180 219 114 44 70

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 16 4 12 829 210 619 49 21 28

Educational evaluation, research and statistics, total .................... 18 1 17 155 47 108 146 66 80

Educational evaluation and research, general ........................... 15 1 14 83 32 51 91 38 53

Educational statistics and research ............................................ 3 0 3 20 6 14 30 15 15

Educational assessment, testing and measurement .................. 0 0 0 52 9 43 25 13 12

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 0 0 0 230 64 166 121 50 71

Special education, total .................................................................. 6,976 526 6,450 9,059 1,106 7,953 183 48 135

Special education, general .......................................................... 4,722 381 4,341 6,894 907 5,987 163 40 123

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 220 12 208 185 17 168 0 0 0

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 1 0 1 140 12 128 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 197 26 171 208 37 171 1 1 0

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 543 24 519 194 16 178 0 0 0

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 70 6 64 96 12 84 1 1 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 19 1 18 36 1 35 0 0 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 20 5 15 10 3 7 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 343 27 316 673 37 636 11 3 8

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 605 30 575 211 14 197 0 0 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 236 14 222 412 50 362 7 3 4

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 49 6 43 11,094 2,445 8,649 361 144 217

General teacher education, total .................................................... 64,257 5,541 58,716 20,887 2,988 17,899 391 142 249

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 93 18 75 845 222 623 125 59 66

Elementary education ................................................................. 52,884 3,557 49,327 12,597 1,059 11,538 85 15 70

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 1,093 183 910 482 80 402 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 5,385 84 5,301 1,689 23 1,666 28 5 23

Secondary education .................................................................. 4,483 1,680 2,803 3,720 1,276 2,444 96 46 50

Teacher education, general programs, other ............................. 319 19 300 1,554 328 1,226 57 17 40

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs ............... 35,703 16,673 19,030 16,208 5,300 10,908 828 385 443

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 463 365 98 274 216 58 32 23 9

Art education ............................................................................... 1,257 275 982 597 138 459 21 7 14

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 1,920 434 1,486 557 99 458 26 9 17

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 37 31 6 59 50 9 0 0 0

English education ........................................................................ 2,014 378 1,636 481 102 379 21 8 13

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 418 68 350 201 39 162 21 12 9

Health education ......................................................................... 1,699 424 1,275 864 217 647 102 38 64

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 426 7 419 152 3 149 15 2 13

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 1,641 1,395 246 617 451 166 27 17 10

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 145 63 82 18 7 11 1 0 1

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,786 660 1,126 733 218 515 38 15 23

Music education .......................................................................... 2,883 1,192 1,691 881 359 522 71 37 34

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 13,369 7,433 5,936 3,455 1,780 1,675 199 119 80

Reading education ...................................................................... 179 12 167 3,691 171 3,520 69 11 58

Science education ....................................................................... 1,498 649 849 854 342 512 52 21 31

Social science education ............................................................ 843 432 411 152 68 84 1 0 1

Social studies education ............................................................. 1,863 1,062 801 274 152 122 2 2 0

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 249 180 69 180 101 79 19 8 11

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,290 933 357 506 245 261 50 27 23

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 1,723 680 1,043 1,662 542 1,120 61 29 32

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 50 11 39 1,083 262 821 5 5 0

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,007 279 728 2,395 534 1,861 264 119 145

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 78,650 67,738 10,912 24,958 21,430 3,528 5,272 4,787 485

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 61,531 52,043 9,488 23,962 20,615 3,347 5,258 4,774 484

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,423 2,051 372 1,216 1,040 176 251 234 17

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering ............... 2,869 2,545 324 941 855 86 190 184 6

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 447 395 52 173 160 13 70 61 9

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 522 418 104 39 32 7 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 670 420 250 359 249 110 141 107 34

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 310 257 53 102 82 20 56 46 10

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,444 2,338 1,106 903 735 168 611 544 67
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 249

Table 36.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1990–91—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Civil engineering, general ............................................................... 7,314 6,193 1,121 2,927 2,521 406 536 496 40

Computer engineering .................................................................... 2,053 1,791 262 844 712 132 111 95 16

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 19,320 16,848 2,472 7,095 6,294 801 1,220 1,147 73

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 140 124 16 162 145 17 101 96 5

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 359 311 48 100 89 11 46 43 3

Engineering science ....................................................................... 216 168 48 292 242 50 74 68 6

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 158 124 34 434 307 127 46 35 11

Geological engineering ................................................................... 60 45 15 57 50 7 11 8 3

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 13 12 1 9 8 1 2 1 1

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,736 2,686 1,050 2,029 1,599 430 217 189 28

Materials engineering ..................................................................... 509 379 130 498 371 127 330 274 56

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 13,977 12,423 1,554 3,516 3,173 343 757 708 49

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 346 276 70 181 148 33 88 79 9

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 99 90 9 51 45 6 42 36 6

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 283 260 23 50 47 3 15 14 1

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 265 229 36 225 204 21 110 102 8

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 81 67 14 82 73 9 19 18 1

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 202 181 21 118 114 4 28 27 1

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 336 268 68 298 247 51 21 20 1

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 50 31 19 20 20 0 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,329 1,113 216 1,241 1,053 188 164 141 23

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 17,119 15,695 1,424 996 815 181 14 13 1

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 744 669 75 24 23 1 0 0 0

Civil technologies ............................................................................ 428 395 33 18 11 7 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic technologies ............................................ 4,472 4,171 301 27 22 5 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 214 204 10 15 14 1 2 2 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 140 110 30 105 61 44 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,276 3,837 439 278 236 42 4 3 1

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 296 228 68 137 110 27 0 0 0

Mechanical and related technologies ............................................. 2,467 2,345 122 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum technologies ................................................ 32 29 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 92 78 14 21 20 1 4 4 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 200 188 12 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 24 20 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering and related technologies, other .................................. 3,734 3,421 313 371 318 53 4 4 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 51,841 17,146 34,695 7,026 2,296 4,730 1,184 517 667

English language and literature, general ........................................ 37,628 11,970 25,658 4,907 1,567 3,340 827 360 467

Comparative literature .................................................................... 777 255 522 242 93 149 128 48 80

English composition ........................................................................ 188 55 133 17 5 12 9 4 5

English creative writing ................................................................... 704 295 409 677 280 397 8 5 3

American literature (United States) ................................................ 32 16 16 2 0 2 3 3 0

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,813 607 1,206 261 62 199 51 25 26

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 9,367 3,470 5,897 675 210 465 106 48 58

English technical and business writing ........................................... 96 33 63 97 28 69 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,236 445 791 148 51 97 52 24 28

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 13,133 3,739 9,394 2,800 918 1,882 758 345 413

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,373 384 989 871 293 578 237 120 117

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 809 207 602 267 76 191 47 27 20

Linguistics .................................................................................... 564 177 387 604 217 387 190 93 97

East and southeast Asian languages and literatures, total ............ 418 213 205 72 27 45 19 12 7

Chinese ....................................................................................... 150 65 85 24 8 16 9 6 3

Japanese ..................................................................................... 187 99 88 28 9 19 0 0 0

East and southeast Asian languages, other ............................... 81 49 32 20 10 10 10 6 4

East European languages and literatures, total ............................. 675 275 400 139 45 94 31 17 14

Russian languages ...................................................................... 593 245 348 70 24 46 6 4 2

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 82 30 52 69 21 48 25 13 12

East European languages, other ................................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,584 610 974 253 98 155 73 28 45

German ....................................................................................... 1,543 595 948 242 94 148 58 22 36

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 30 12 18 3 0 3 3 1 2

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 11 3 8 8 4 4 12 5 7

South Asian languages and literatures .......................................... 3 3 0 2 1 1 6 4 2

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 8,176 1,877 6,299 1,185 316 869 289 104 185

French ......................................................................................... 3,355 619 2,736 480 109 371 98 34 64

Italian ........................................................................................... 253 70 183 36 8 28 21 8 13

Portuguese .................................................................................. 33 18 15 4 0 4 5 2 3

Spanish ....................................................................................... 4,480 1,155 3,325 609 181 428 125 49 76

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 55 15 40 56 18 38 40 11 29

Middle Eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 59 22 37 55 32 23 12 8 4

Arabic .......................................................................................... 9 6 3 0 0 0 1 0 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 43 15 28 46 27 19 7 5 2

Middle East languages, other ..................................................... 7 1 6 9 5 4 4 3 1

Classical and ancient Near East languages and literatures, total . 635 290 345 147 79 68 45 23 22

Classics ....................................................................................... 474 212 262 123 66 57 42 22 20

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 47 29 18 10 8 2 3 1 2
250 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 36.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1990–91—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 114 49 65 14 5 9 0 0 0

Foreign languages, other ................................................................ 210 65 145 76 27 49 46 29 17

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 59,070 9,596 49,474 21,200 4,444 16,756 1,613 694 919

Chiropractic ..................................................................................... 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 3,235 139 3,096 3,171 155 3,016 92 24 68

Community health liaison ............................................................... 584 102 482 636 159 477 83 43 40

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 81 59 22 358 254 104 21 16 5

Dental services ............................................................................... 691 9 682 24 1 23 0 0 0

Health services administration, total ............................................... 3,078 717 2,361 3,042 1,004 2,038 43 20 23

Health services administration .................................................... 2,185 600 1,585 2,522 824 1,698 27 14 13

Health unit manager/ward supervisor ......................................... 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records administration ................................................... 561 42 519 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 13 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 318 75 243 520 180 340 16 6 10

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 643 292 351 119 45 74 0 0 0

Medical assisting ......................................................................... 5 5 0 16 4 12 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 619 286 333 103 41 62 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, other .......................................... 19 1 18 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 1,012 373 639 44 31 13 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 222 70 152 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 790 303 487 44 31 13 0 0 0

Medical laboratory technologies, total ............................................ 2,471 681 1,790 1,373 487 886 133 68 65

Medical technology ..................................................................... 2,081 526 1,555 90 31 59 2 2 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 390 155 235 1,283 456 827 131 66 65

Health and medical preparatory programs, total ............................ 587 365 222 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-dentistry studies ................................................................... 45 36 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ................................................................... 514 317 197 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ................................................................. 4 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ................................................................. 24 11 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medicine .......................................................................................... 113 69 44 37 24 13 6 4 2

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 165 60 105 91 44 47 95 64 31

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 278 51 227 190 59 131 0 0 0

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 86 32 54 54 19 35 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 137 11 126 65 21 44 0 0 0

Medical social work ..................................................................... 55 8 47 62 16 46 0 0 0

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 0 0 0 9 3 6 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 29,361 1,911 27,450 7,129 627 6,502 408 35 373

Optometry ....................................................................................... 198 102 96 19 13 6 5 4 1

Osteopathic medicine ..................................................................... 4 3 1 4 3 1 0 0 0

Pharmacy 1 ...................................................................................... 6,068 2,359 3,709 289 162 127 205 129 76

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 261 102 159 50 19 31

Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 6,438 1,208 5,230 2,479 531 1,948 18 6 12

Art therapy ................................................................................... 30 0 30 132 9 123 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 7 0 7 39 4 35 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 163 14 149 21 2 19 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 2,089 167 1,922 401 29 372 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 17 13 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,425 895 2,530 1,087 301 786 6 1 5

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 165 43 122 3 1 2 0 0 0

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 200 35 165 602 144 458 9 3 6

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 342 41 301 194 41 153 3 2 1

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 196 76 120 107 62 45 102 69 33

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 40 18 22 37 14 23 0 0 0

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,827 1,002 2,825 1,789 666 1,123 352 193 159

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 14,892 1,564 13,328 2,019 299 1,720 253 62 191

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 13,785 1,249 12,536 1,938 290 1,648 235 56 179

Home economics, general .............................................................. 3,184 171 3,013 340 17 323 35 4 31

Home economics business services .............................................. 242 17 225 0 0 0 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 223 26 197 56 16 40 0 0 0

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 845 284 561 40 5 35 26 7 19

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 2,572 306 2,266 464 46 418 35 13 22

Housing studies .............................................................................. 702 82 620 41 12 29 1 0 1

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 3,350 240 3,110 887 185 702 114 29 85

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,447 108 2,339 68 6 62 21 3 18

Home economics, other .................................................................. 220 15 205 42 3 39 3 0 3

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 1,107 315 792 81 9 72 18 6 12

Child care and guidance management .......................................... 408 6 402 59 6 53 16 6 10

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 54 27 27 6 2 4 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 645 282 363 16 1 15 2 0 2

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 1,758 573 1,185 2,057 1,443 614 90 65 25

Law, general ................................................................................... 41 28 13 1,050 747 303 86 62 24

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 313 174 139 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 666 92 574 3 2 1 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 738 279 459 1,004 694 310 4 3 1

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 30,526 12,247 18,279 2,213 745 1,468 70 36 34

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 14,423 6,255 8,168 1,456 507 949 6 3 3
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 251

Table 36.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1990–91—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Humanities/humanistic studies ....................................................... 3,834 1,324 2,510 477 151 326 34 18 16

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 12,269 4,668 7,601 280 87 193 30 15 15

Library science, total .............................................................................. 90 6 84 4,763 991 3,772 56 22 34

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 88 6 82 4,732 983 3,749 56 22 34

Library science, other ..................................................................... 2 0 2 31 8 23 0 0 0

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 15,310 8,178 7,132 4,041 2,446 1,595 1,036 837 199

Mathematics, general ..................................................................... 12,552 6,457 6,095 2,423 1,414 1,009 706 577 129

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,819 1,151 668 889 617 272 152 125 27

Applied mathematics, general ..................................................... 902 553 349 397 267 130 94 78 16

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 917 598 319 492 350 142 58 47 11

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 447 253 194 631 355 276 165 122 43

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 492 317 175 98 60 38 13 13 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 17,561 8,036 9,525 1,796 915 881 220 128 92

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,370 1,291 1,079 241 124 117 22 16 6

Systems science ............................................................................. 57 35 22 58 33 25 10 10 0

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 3 0 3 40 7 33 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 15,131 6,710 8,421 1,457 751 706 188 102 86

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 4,315 1,869 2,446 483 206 277 28 15 13

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 1,795 741 1,054 175 75 100 15 7 8

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,018 873 1,145 168 62 106 10 7 3

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 253 107 146 90 37 53 1 0 1

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 249 148 101 50 32 18 2 1 1

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 7,315 4,657 2,658 1,441 833 608 456 344 112

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 4,588 3,074 1,514 539 379 160 281 212 69

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,376 1,375 1,001 609 383 226 175 132 43

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 351 208 143 293 71 222 0 0 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 16,344 11,176 5,168 5,309 3,837 1,472 4,290 3,447 843

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 16,252 11,129 5,123 5,268 3,817 1,451 4,281 3,440 841

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 455 296 159 59 42 17 0 0 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 104 80 24 83 66 17 55 48 7

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 46 31 15 6 6 0 21 18 3

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 360 303 57 172 138 34 78 66 12

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 8,321 4,983 3,338 1,665 989 676 2,238 1,693 545

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 8,111 4,855 3,256 1,546 914 632 2,060 1,551 509

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 20 13 7 23 17 6

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 6 3 3 12 10 2

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 8 5 3 8 6 2 19 18 1

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 10 6 4 28 14 14 42 30 12

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 192 117 75 57 39 18 82 67 15

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 1,784 1,233 551 1,089 822 267 446 364 82

Geology ....................................................................................... 1,655 1,147 508 919 690 229 338 278 60

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 5 3 2 12 10 2 16 10 6

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 50 36 14 64 54 10 58 47 11

Geological and related sciences, other ...................................... 74 47 27 94 68 26 34 29 5

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 656 455 201 332 220 112 168 121 47

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 1 0 1 6 6 0 7 7 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 155 114 41 134 92 42 87 62 25

Earth science .............................................................................. 428 296 132 113 70 43 67 47 20

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 72 45 27 79 52 27 7 5 2

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,236 3,572 664 1,725 1,441 284 1,209 1,076 133

Physics, general .......................................................................... 4,044 3,427 617 1,609 1,346 263 1,129 1,008 121

Physics, other .............................................................................. 192 145 47 116 95 21 80 68 12

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 290 176 114 137 93 44 66 54 12

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 92 47 45 41 20 21 9 7 2

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 460 309 151 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 184 146 38 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 276 163 113 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 16,806 10,405 6,401 1,108 739 369 28 12 16

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 16,603 10,225 6,378 1,085 717 368 28 12 16

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 702 369 333 107 68 39 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 4,508 2,835 1,673 342 218 124 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 8,307 4,978 3,329 510 361 149 28 12 16

Forensic studies .......................................................................... 418 235 183 57 37 20 0 0 0

Law enforcement ......................................................................... 1,871 1,335 536 43 22 21 0 0 0

Criminal justice, other ................................................................. 797 473 324 26 11 15 0 0 0

Fire control and safety .................................................................... 176 164 12 23 22 1 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 27 16 11 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 58,655 16,067 42,588 11,349 3,329 8,020 3,932 1,520 2,412

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 55,463 15,283 40,180 4,186 1,439 2,747 1,620 674 946

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 82 12 70 808 242 566 1,035 368 667

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 205 45 160 2,814 706 2,108 241 98 143

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 539 50 489 109 16 93 32 13 19

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 202 48 154 50 22 28 66 27 39

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 129 52 77 482 196 286 82 36 46

Physiological psychology/psychobiology ........................................ 101 35 66 4 2 2 16 8 8

Social psychology ........................................................................... 446 157 289 76 18 58 32 16 16

School psychology .......................................................................... 204 28 176 1,618 354 1,264 510 192 318
252 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 36.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1990–91—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,284 357 927 1,202 334 868 298 88 210

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 14,350 3,215 11,135 17,905 5,679 12,226 430 190 240

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,405 1,240 1,165 5,876 3,179 2,697 111 75 36

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 932 214 718 222 73 149 9 5 4

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 356 165 191 436 250 186 51 33 18

Public works .................................................................................... 0 0 0 7 7 0 0 0 0

Social work ..................................................................................... 10,325 1,401 8,924 10,817 1,972 8,845 231 67 164

Public affairs, other ......................................................................... 332 195 137 547 198 349 28 10 18

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 183 157 26 0 0 0 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 125,107 68,701 56,406 12,233 7,016 5,217 3,012 1,956 1,056

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 6,411 2,761 3,650 525 243 282 29 18 11

Anthropology ................................................................................... 4,105 1,445 2,660 811 340 471 330 130 200

Archeology ...................................................................................... 92 34 58 40 10 30 15 7 8

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,546 881 665 49 33 16 2 2 0

Demography and population studies .............................................. 10 5 5 30 12 18 12 4 8

Economics ...................................................................................... 23,488 16,374 7,114 1,951 1,387 564 802 649 153

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,427 2,305 1,122 623 413 210 119 82 37

Geography ................................................................................... 3,397 2,282 1,115 622 413 209 119 82 37

Cartography ................................................................................. 30 23 7 1 0 1 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 24,541 15,133 9,408 2,591 1,561 1,030 606 385 221

International relations and affairs ................................................... 5,180 2,145 3,035 1,677 989 688 61 45 16

Political science and government, general ..................................... 35,737 20,806 14,931 1,772 1,111 661 468 353 115

Sociology ........................................................................................ 17,550 5,398 12,152 1,260 502 758 465 232 233

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 610 329 281 343 168 175 29 14 15

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,410 1,085 1,325 561 247 314 74 35 39

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 4,813 3,649 1,164 4,810 3,075 1,735 1,079 941 138

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 14 14 0 7 7 0 3 3 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,552 1,192 360 355 300 55 10 10 0

Missions/missionary studies and misology ..................................... 346 226 120 183 133 50 50 47 3

Religious education ........................................................................ 818 491 327 876 460 416 35 23 12

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 199 105 94 108 64 44 6 5 1

Theology/theological studies .......................................................... 1,245 1,090 155 2,327 1,494 833 747 660 87

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 0 0 0 302 153 149 4 4 0

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 639 531 108 652 464 188 224 189 35

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 2,622 2,331 291 406 377 29 0 0 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 235 214 21 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 2,387 2,117 270 406 377 29 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 42,186 15,761 26,425 8,657 3,830 4,827 838 466 372

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 2,256 812 1,444 248 109 139 14 10 4

Crafts, folk art, and artisanry .......................................................... 118 42 76 9 2 7 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 732 59 673 182 37 145 3 0 3

Design and applied art ................................................................... 5,893 2,283 3,610 316 140 176 2 0 2

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,061 1,967 3,094 1,177 587 590 86 43 43

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 2,148 1,244 904 381 218 163 5 2 3

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 777 495 282 194 119 75 5 2 3

Photography ................................................................................ 860 428 432 99 57 42 0 0 0

Film arts, other ............................................................................ 511 321 190 88 42 46 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 18,424 5,766 12,658 3,002 1,120 1,882 155 50 105

Art, general .................................................................................. 11,854 3,937 7,917 1,593 677 916 27 14 13

Art history, criticism and conservation ........................................ 2,564 450 2,114 489 103 386 101 28 73

Arts management ........................................................................ 95 18 77 66 13 53 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 751 297 454 216 100 116 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 181 59 122 49 21 28 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 108 8 100 28 5 23 5 0 5

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 77 13 64 14 4 10 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 2,794 984 1,810 547 197 350 22 8 14

Music, total ...................................................................................... 6,989 3,355 3,634 3,267 1,579 1,688 567 357 210

Music, general ............................................................................. 3,475 1,600 1,875 979 470 509 241 159 82

Music history and literature ......................................................... 63 35 28 58 29 29 37 19 18

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,481 1,105 1,376 1,663 757 906 167 93 74

Music theory and composition .................................................... 217 150 67 190 123 67 57 42 15

Music, other ................................................................................. 753 465 288 377 200 177 65 44 21

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 565 233 332 75 38 37 6 4 2

Not classified by field of study ............................................................... 13,258 7,621 5,637 8,523 4,686 3,837 747 423 324

1 Includes pre-pharmacy studies.

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1994.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 253

Table 37.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1991–92

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 1,136,553 520,811 615,742 352,838 161,842 190,996 40,659 25,557 15,102

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 15,124 9,869 5,255 3,735 2,413 1,322 1,214 963 251

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 4,682 3,392 1,290 687 490 197 176 147 29

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 3,349 2,458 891 534 385 149 139 115 24

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 692 450 242 56 36 20 0 0 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,014 783 231 18 15 3 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,487 1,103 384 449 326 123 139 115 24

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 156 122 34 11 8 3 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 177 172 5 7 7 0 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 106 82 24 56 50 6 12 11 1

Horticulture service operations and management .......................... 370 266 104 25 15 10 13 12 1

International agriculture .................................................................. 15 9 6 15 7 8 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 665 405 260 50 26 24 12 9 3

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 5,793 3,384 2,409 1,592 1,012 580 773 601 172

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 847 600 247 132 87 45 2 2 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 2,858 1,429 1,429 454 291 163 228 182 46

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,369 1,151 1,218 343 217 126 169 134 35

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 11 2 9 8 5 3 8 8 0

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 8 1 7 15 6 9 9 9 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 3 1 2 4 2 2

Dairy science ............................................................................... 124 94 30 34 22 12 10 8 2

Poultry science ............................................................................ 100 73 27 28 21 7 17 13 4

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 246 108 138 23 19 4 11 8 3

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 449 198 251 306 143 163 133 83 50

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 1,362 983 379 531 378 153 329 266 63

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 201 130 71 60 39 21 28 20 8

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 438 376 62 255 203 52 188 154 34

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 477 295 182 146 82 64 60 46 14

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 9 9 0 15 13 2

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 1 0 1 4 3 1 9 8 1

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 17 15 2 18 11 7 3 3 0

Range science and management ............................................... 111 78 33 39 31 8 26 22 4

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 117 89 28 0 0 0 0 0 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 94 70 24 91 67 24 59 53 6

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 183 104 79 78 46 32 22 15 7

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 4,649 3,093 1,556 1,456 911 545 265 215 50

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 2,005 1,130 875 627 362 265 72 50 22

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 280 186 94 101 67 34 3 3 0

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 183 153 30 88 62 26 21 18 3

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 191 160 31 21 19 2 20 17 3

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 946 749 197 423 282 141 123 105 18

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 808 571 237 127 83 44 15 13 2

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 236 144 92 69 36 33 11 9 2

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 8,753 5,805 2,948 3,640 2,271 1,369 132 93 39

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,001 3,598 1,403 1,832 1,258 574 50 35 15

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 481 349 132 1,212 712 500 75 53 22

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 799 551 248 74 33 41 2 1 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 844 117 727 19 3 16 4 3 1

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 1,064 782 282 323 169 154 0 0 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 0 0 0 63 37 26 0 0 0

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 564 408 156 117 59 58 1 1 0

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 5,342 1,907 3,435 1,385 688 697 155 90 65

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 4,029 1,514 2,515 1,057 515 542 123 68 55

African studies ............................................................................. 45 20 25 24 9 15 5 4 1

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,597 577 1,020 238 98 140 72 32 40

Latin American studies ................................................................ 339 104 235 220 122 98 5 4 1

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 63 29 34 73 32 41 16 12 4

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 321 120 201 120 66 54 0 0 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 991 470 521 278 133 145 11 9 2

European studies ........................................................................ 257 85 172 46 20 26 9 3 6

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 416 109 307 58 35 23 5 4 1

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 1,063 316 747 169 62 107 11 5 6

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 410 148 262 62 28 34 5 2 3

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 87 36 51 24 11 13 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 330 4 326 24 0 24 0 0 0

Ethnic studies, other ................................................................... 236 128 108 59 23 36 6 3 3

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 250 77 173 159 111 48 21 17 4

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 42,941 20,798 22,143 4,785 2,301 2,484 4,243 2,620 1,623

Biology, general .............................................................................. 31,909 15,109 16,800 1,995 1,001 994 657 404 253

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,148 1,204 944 239 120 119 620 382 238

Botany, total .................................................................................... 222 93 129 220 111 109 293 194 99

Botany, general ........................................................................... 207 88 119 130 69 61 156 95 61

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 12 5 7 79 37 42 85 59 26

Botany, other ............................................................................... 3 0 3 11 5 6 52 40 12

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 1,108 638 470 180 93 87 323 198 125

Cell biology .................................................................................. 122 67 55 75 33 42 103 56 47
254 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 37.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1991–92—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 425 252 173 80 47 33 157 101 56

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 561 319 242 25 13 12 63 41 22

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,722 842 880 336 164 172 454 251 203

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 1,853 871 982 1,062 396 666 872 504 368

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 31 10 21 59 29 30 95 53 42

Ecology ........................................................................................ 438 235 203 194 106 88 80 49 31

Marine/aquatic biology ................................................................ 394 196 198 100 59 41 29 21 8

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 111 68 43 46 26 20 119 73 46

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 284 53 231 288 30 258 115 38 77

Toxicology ................................................................................... 60 29 31 65 30 35 70 46 24

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 147 73 74 123 32 91 170 105 65

Biometrics .................................................................................... 23 16 7 30 10 20 20 13 7

Miscellaneous specialized areas, other ...................................... 365 191 174 157 74 83 174 106 68

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 2,840 1,466 1,374 620 335 285 818 563 255

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,350 1,183 1,167 214 103 111 161 112 49

Entomology ................................................................................. 65 49 16 120 79 41 132 98 34

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 12 7 5 33 15 18 101 65 36

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 27 16 11 58 28 30 223 147 76

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 353 188 165 195 110 85 201 141 60

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 33 23 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,139 575 564 133 81 52 206 124 82

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 256,603 135,440 121,163 84,642 54,705 29,937 1,242 953 289

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 249,062 132,450 116,612 84,047 54,369 29,678 1,238 952 286

Business, general ........................................................................... 27,742 14,777 12,965 12,424 8,300 4,124 241 177 64

Business administration and management, total ........................... 87,652 46,864 40,788 46,752 30,463 16,289 608 470 138

Office supervision and management .......................................... 953 86 867 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 1,532 1,137 395 455 343 112 9 8 1

Business administration and management, other ...................... 85,167 45,641 39,526 46,297 30,120 16,177 599 462 137

Accounting ...................................................................................... 47,606 21,956 25,650 3,287 1,778 1,509 73 59 14

Secretarial and related programs ................................................... 636 137 499 1 0 1 9 8 1

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,779 2,444 1,335 159 108 51 20 14 6

Small business management and ownership ................................. 282 184 98 18 11 7 0 0 0

Finance, general and banking and financial support services ....... 24,375 16,633 7,742 5,068 3,661 1,407 55 51 4

Actuarial sciences ........................................................................... 351 218 133 76 43 33 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management and financial planning ................ 610 389 221 70 46 24 12 9 3

Investments and securities ............................................................. 327 179 148 253 173 80 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 5,929 2,731 3,198 460 260 200 0 0 0

Human resources management ..................................................... 4,549 1,840 2,709 1,202 488 714 8 5 3

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................... 1,218 556 662 759 308 451 12 5 7

Organizational behavior studies ..................................................... 805 352 453 199 88 111 15 9 6

International business ..................................................................... 1,978 901 1,077 2,532 1,656 876 21 16 5

Business information systems, total ............................................... 4,878 2,838 2,040 1,565 1,078 487 8 6 2

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 4,528 2,611 1,917 1,440 982 458 8 6 2

Business information systems, other .......................................... 350 227 123 125 96 29 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 1,881 1,118 763 747 563 184 45 35 10

Business statistics ....................................................................... 44 24 20 23 20 3 7 5 2

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,837 1,094 743 724 543 181 38 30 8

Marketing management and research ............................................ 28,390 14,741 13,649 2,223 1,242 981 42 29 13

Real estate ...................................................................................... 752 577 175 355 287 68 0 0 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 4 3 1 1,479 905 574 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 155 111 44 3 0 3 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 5,163 2,901 2,262 4,415 2,911 1,504 69 59 10

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 7,541 2,990 4,551 595 336 259 4 1 3

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 1,799 63 1,736 1 0 1 2 0 2

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 576 341 235 5 3 2 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 4,292 2,089 2,203 452 231 221 2 1 1

Transportation and travel marketing ............................................... 173 41 132 19 11 8 0 0 0

Marketing and distribution, other .................................................... 701 456 245 118 91 27 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 54,977 21,497 33,480 4,464 1,692 2,772 255 132 123

Communications, total ........................................................................ 54,257 21,150 33,107 4,180 1,537 2,643 252 131 121

Communications, general ............................................................... 25,363 9,522 15,841 1,445 509 936 158 78 80

Advertising ...................................................................................... 3,342 1,172 2,170 182 42 140 4 2 2

Journalism ....................................................................................... 11,835 4,162 7,673 1,445 546 899 33 18 15

Broadcast journalism ...................................................................... 537 226 311 0 0 0 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 2,138 669 1,469 122 28 94 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 6,398 3,462 2,936 351 177 174 18 10 8

Communications, other ................................................................... 4,644 1,937 2,707 635 235 400 39 23 16

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 720 347 373 284 155 129 3 1 2

Photographic technology ................................................................ 19 7 12 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television technology ..................................................... 648 313 335 226 113 113 3 1 2

Communications technologies, other ............................................. 53 27 26 58 42 16 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 24,557 17,510 7,047 9,530 6,884 2,646 772 669 103

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 16,004 11,688 4,316 6,985 5,210 1,775 667 590 77

Computer programming .................................................................. 375 233 142 71 45 26 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 288 163 125 76 56 20 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 255

Table 37.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1991–92—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Information science and systems ................................................... 3,556 2,225 1,331 1,203 703 500 22 9 13

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 279 186 93 73 60 13 6 6 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 4,055 3,015 1,040 1,122 810 312 77 64 13

Education, total ...................................................................................... 108,006 22,686 85,320 92,668 21,244 71,424 6,864 2,783 4,081

Education, general .......................................................................... 2,176 346 1,830 10,167 2,471 7,696 1,141 420 721

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 63 4 59 153 24 129 10 5 5

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 42 6 36 6,957 1,340 5,617 863 280 583

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 20 4 16 10,329 4,026 6,303 2,131 1,002 1,129

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 3 1 2 6,849 2,740 4,109 1,502 729 773

Administration of special education ............................................ 12 2 10 9 1 8 15 2 13

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 129 26 103 61 25 36

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 725 214 511 26 11 15

Elementary, middle, and secondary education administration ... 5 1 4 1,726 701 1,025 33 14 19

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 384 145 239 359 158 201

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 85 23 62 2 2 0

Education administration and supervision, other ........................ 0 0 0 422 176 246 133 61 72

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 9 2 7 931 239 692 64 24 40

Educational evaluation and research, general ............................... 19 3 16 44 17 27 30 14 16

Educational statistics and research methods ................................. 0 0 0 38 21 17 28 8 20

Educational assessment, testing and measurement ...................... 0 0 0 79 16 63 39 18 21

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 0 0 0 243 64 179 125 52 73

Special education, total .................................................................. 7,867 597 7,270 9,420 1,214 8,206 192 51 141

Special education, general .......................................................... 5,332 449 4,883 7,194 938 6,256 173 48 125

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 236 4 232 175 25 150 0 0 0

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 1 0 1 184 19 165 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 240 31 209 207 52 155 1 1 0

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 551 27 524 221 30 191 2 1 1

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 85 7 78 114 19 95 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 29 6 23 47 7 40 0 0 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 25 3 22 17 2 15 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 468 19 449 661 61 600 7 0 7

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 653 19 634 288 22 266 0 0 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 247 32 215 312 39 273 9 1 8

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 44 12 32 11,429 2,515 8,914 372 159 213

General teacher education, total .................................................... 62,688 5,923 56,765 21,779 3,191 18,588 441 139 302

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 99 25 74 805 236 569 145 56 89

Elementary education ................................................................. 50,619 3,856 46,763 13,122 1,191 11,931 88 18 70

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 1,247 233 1,014 568 82 486 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 6,179 130 6,049 1,913 39 1,874 27 1 26

Secondary education .................................................................. 4,153 1,631 2,522 3,598 1,263 2,335 73 25 48

Teacher education, general programs, other ............................. 391 48 343 1,773 380 1,393 108 39 69

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs ............... 34,273 15,619 18,654 16,413 5,084 11,329 865 422 443

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 408 301 107 237 169 68 39 27 12

Art education ............................................................................... 1,371 249 1,122 580 99 481 40 11 29

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 1,723 380 1,343 557 107 450 13 7 6

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 42 33 9 61 44 17 1 1 0

English education ........................................................................ 2,638 475 2,163 663 142 521 23 10 13

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 330 44 286 203 37 166 19 9 10

Health education ......................................................................... 1,655 440 1,215 804 178 626 107 38 69

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 408 12 396 161 5 156 10 1 9

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 1,495 1,266 229 515 372 143 20 16 4

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 122 57 65 27 6 21 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,834 661 1,173 850 281 569 27 15 12

Music education .......................................................................... 2,885 1,198 1,687 796 341 455 84 44 40

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 11,792 6,676 5,116 3,003 1,598 1,405 173 96 77

Reading education ...................................................................... 210 25 185 4,097 179 3,918 83 12 71

Science education ....................................................................... 1,138 487 651 789 336 453 47 28 19

Social science education ............................................................ 725 363 362 129 55 74 4 3 1

Social studies education ............................................................. 2,270 1,282 988 417 239 178 3 2 1

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 231 145 86 296 149 147 41 24 17

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,080 762 318 459 194 265 69 46 23

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 1,916 763 1,153 1,769 553 1,216 62 32 30

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 48 12 36 1,305 289 1,016 3 2 1

Education, other .............................................................................. 757 158 599 3,381 733 2,648 560 187 373

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 77,541 66,716 10,825 25,977 22,143 3,834 5,499 4,972 527

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 61,206 51,768 9,438 24,983 21,327 3,656 5,488 4,961 527

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,090 1,769 321 1,165 983 182 268 241 27

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,996 2,658 338 933 850 83 226 216 10

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 500 431 69 161 143 18 83 76 7

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 532 421 111 31 27 4 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 623 402 221 407 283 124 137 107 30

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 288 235 53 93 77 16 38 31 7

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 3,754 2,576 1,178 956 740 216 590 491 99

Civil engineering ............................................................................. 8,034 6,712 1,322 3,113 2,648 465 540 498 42

Computer engineering .................................................................... 2,093 1,826 267 908 756 152 91 83 8
256 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 37.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1991–92—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 17,958 15,811 2,147 7,360 6,468 892 1,282 1,182 100

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 150 131 19 171 155 16 102 92 10

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 342 289 53 91 80 11 50 48 2

Engineering science ....................................................................... 254 206 48 249 197 52 33 30 3

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 214 152 62 604 440 164 72 51 21

Geological engineering ................................................................... 90 68 22 32 26 6 11 10 1

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 13 8 5 8 5 3 4 4 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,679 2,623 1,056 2,012 1,596 416 220 191 29

Material engineering ....................................................................... 526 385 141 482 389 93 304 261 43

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 14,067 12,545 1,522 3,653 3,298 355 851 814 37

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 255 208 47 159 136 23 80 74 6

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 101 89 12 65 53 12 28 26 2

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 328 312 16 26 26 0 10 10 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 256 226 30 209 178 31 122 113 9

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 108 86 22 103 88 15 24 22 2

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 238 212 26 123 115 8 50 46 4

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 333 270 63 330 260 70 30 28 2

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 54 27 27 25 19 6 2 2 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,330 1,090 240 1,514 1,291 223 240 214 26

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 16,335 14,948 1,387 994 816 178 11 11 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 664 597 67 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil technologies ............................................................................ 401 370 31 1 1 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic technologies ............................................ 4,364 4,091 273 34 32 2 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 345 315 30 11 9 2 2 2 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 164 122 42 58 37 21 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,352 3,902 450 331 283 48 5 5 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 350 276 74 218 165 53 0 0 0

Mechanical and related technologies ............................................. 1,668 1,599 69 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum technologies ................................................ 36 32 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 107 97 10 25 20 5 4 4 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 78 77 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 67 65 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering and related technologies, other .................................. 3,739 3,405 334 316 269 47 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 54,951 18,536 36,415 7,450 2,513 4,937 1,273 537 736

English language and literature, general ........................................ 40,514 13,191 27,323 5,037 1,716 3,321 893 370 523

Comparative literature .................................................................... 701 222 479 235 72 163 131 53 78

English composition ........................................................................ 307 145 162 14 6 8 7 4 3

English creative writing ................................................................... 783 322 461 720 305 415 3 0 3

American literature (United States) ................................................ 26 13 13 1 0 1 3 0 3

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,513 538 975 373 110 263 64 28 36

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 9,650 3,584 6,066 768 218 550 121 61 60

English technical and business writing ........................................... 115 41 74 110 35 75 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,342 480 862 192 51 141 51 21 30

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 13,903 3,985 9,918 2,926 971 1,955 850 378 472

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,488 432 1,056 872 294 578 252 120 132

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 919 262 657 289 89 200 45 18 27

Linguistics .................................................................................... 569 170 399 583 205 378 207 102 105

East and southeast Asian languages and literatures, total ............ 554 288 266 87 28 59 28 18 10

Chinese ....................................................................................... 183 82 101 36 14 22 14 11 3

Japanese ..................................................................................... 257 132 125 30 5 25 6 5 1

East and southeast Asian languages, other ............................... 114 74 40 21 9 12 8 2 6

East European languages and literatures, total ............................. 703 271 432 140 60 80 34 12 22

Russian languages ...................................................................... 629 244 385 68 31 37 7 3 4

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 67 25 42 66 26 40 27 9 18

East European languages, other ................................................ 7 2 5 6 3 3 0 0 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,657 596 1,061 312 122 190 95 34 61

German ....................................................................................... 1,616 583 1,033 273 104 169 85 29 56

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 31 7 24 10 4 6 2 1 1

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 10 6 4 29 14 15 8 4 4

South Asian languages and literatures .......................................... 5 3 2 1 0 1 4 3 1

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 8,450 1,940 6,510 1,247 326 921 314 123 191

French ......................................................................................... 3,371 637 2,734 465 101 364 112 41 71

Italian ........................................................................................... 238 67 171 55 17 38 18 8 10

Portuguese .................................................................................. 27 15 12 8 5 3 2 0 2

Spanish ....................................................................................... 4,768 1,214 3,554 647 185 462 143 64 79

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 46 7 39 72 18 54 39 10 29

Middle Eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 79 30 49 43 27 16 17 14 3

Arabic .......................................................................................... 13 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 50 14 36 29 19 10 8 6 2

Middle East languages, other ..................................................... 16 10 6 14 8 6 9 8 1

Classical and ancient Near East languages and literatures, total . 714 345 369 163 92 71 58 36 22

Classics ....................................................................................... 563 259 304 142 82 60 57 35 22

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 41 26 15 10 3 7 1 1 0

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 110 60 50 11 7 4 0 0 0

Foreign languages, other ................................................................ 253 80 173 61 22 39 48 18 30
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 257

Table 37.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1991–92—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 61,720 10,189 51,531 23,065 4,691 18,374 1,661 698 963

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 4,157 177 3,980 3,541 155 3,386 81 22 59

Community health liaison ............................................................... 327 78 249 130 34 96 23 15 8

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 85 46 39 325 222 103 13 11 2

Dental services ............................................................................... 732 34 698 72 48 24 0 0 0

Health services administration, total ............................................... 3,222 697 2,525 3,103 1,030 2,073 57 25 32

Health services administration .................................................... 1,641 405 1,236 1,485 544 941 22 9 13

Medical records administration ................................................... 587 54 533 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 22 1 21 8 4 4 4 4 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 972 237 735 1,610 482 1,128 31 12 19

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 897 442 455 136 40 96 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 15 11 4 19 7 12 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 788 407 381 105 30 75 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, other .......................................... 94 24 70 12 3 9 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 1,159 434 725 23 14 9 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 292 113 179 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 867 321 546 23 14 9 0 0 0

Medical laboratory technologies, total ............................................ 2,375 651 1,724 464 208 256 89 46 43

Medical technology ..................................................................... 2,081 543 1,538 62 21 41 2 2 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 294 108 186 402 187 215 87 44 43

Pre-dentistry studies ....................................................................... 92 63 29 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ...................................................................... 611 368 243 6 1 5 10 8 2

Pre-pharmacy studies ..................................................................... 4,421 1,735 2,686 94 53 41 63 34 29

Pre-veterinary studies ..................................................................... 184 78 106 33 23 10 0 0 0

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 224 69 155 153 65 88 232 128 104

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 483 74 409 411 89 322 14 6 8

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 127 31 96 60 18 42 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 137 18 119 53 15 38 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 83 13 70 64 15 49 6 0 6

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 136 12 124 234 41 193 8 6 2

Nursing ............................................................................................ 31,029 2,381 28,648 7,512 507 7,005 408 21 387

Optometry ....................................................................................... 140 63 77 12 4 8 6 4 2

Pharmacy 1 ...................................................................................... 1,280 486 794 118 70 48 201 118 83

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 210 94 116 69 27 42

Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 6,318 1,134 5,184 3,067 698 2,369 28 12 16

Art therapy ................................................................................... 49 1 48 172 24 148 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 5 0 5 46 4 42 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 153 16 137 33 8 25 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 2,149 182 1,967 466 46 420 2 0 2

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 29 18 11 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,111 763 2,348 1,533 413 1,120 7 4 3

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 124 14 110 3 0 3 2 1 1

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 93 21 72 515 121 394 7 3 4

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 605 119 486 299 82 217 10 4 6

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 69 36 33 145 76 69 112 82 30

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 341 205 136 68 43 25 25 17 8

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,574 938 2,636 3,442 1,217 2,225 230 122 108

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 14,898 1,687 13,211 2,412 409 2,003 293 71 222

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 14,139 1,377 12,762 2,389 408 1,981 288 70 218

Home economics, general .............................................................. 3,064 203 2,861 303 22 281 42 9 33

Home economics business services .............................................. 163 16 147 5 0 5 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 219 20 199 65 10 55 2 2 0

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 1,124 334 790 54 11 43 15 4 11

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 2,623 318 2,305 559 71 488 58 17 41

Housing studies .............................................................................. 608 84 524 44 10 34 5 1 4

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 4,020 290 3,730 1,217 268 949 134 35 99

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 2,155 91 2,064 86 13 73 23 2 21

Home economics, other .................................................................. 163 21 142 56 3 53 9 0 9

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 759 310 449 23 1 22 5 1 4

Child care and guidance management .......................................... 196 6 190 19 1 18 0 0 0

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 9 1 8 1 0 1 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 554 303 251 3 0 3 5 1 4

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 2,144 701 1,443 2,369 1,597 772 68 50 18

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 566 272 294 102 54 48 5 3 2

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 776 112 664 4 1 3 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 802 317 485 2,263 1,542 721 63 47 16

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 32,174 12,784 19,390 2,394 870 1,524 67 30 37

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 20,569 7,438 13,131 1,577 566 1,011 28 10 18

Humanities/humanistic studies ....................................................... 3,083 1,014 2,069 492 189 303 32 13 19

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 8,522 4,332 4,190 325 115 210 7 7 0

Library science, total .............................................................................. 97 8 89 4,893 992 3,901 50 16 34

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 90 8 82 4,783 972 3,811 49 16 33

Library science, other ..................................................................... 7 0 7 110 20 90 1 0 1

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 14,783 7,888 6,895 4,011 2,452 1,559 1,082 851 231

Mathematics .................................................................................... 12,679 6,588 6,091 2,329 1,388 941 755 595 160

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,200 778 422 846 547 299 151 123 28
258 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 37.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1991–92—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Applied mathematics, general and other .................................... 885 558 327 393 246 147 117 97 20

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 315 220 95 453 301 152 34 26 8

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 554 296 258 751 457 294 170 129 41

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 350 226 124 85 60 25 6 4 2

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 20,647 8,628 12,019 2,126 995 1,131 231 144 87

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,094 1,119 975 230 129 101 30 20 10

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 75 46 29 107 60 47 9 6 3

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 2 0 2 67 11 56 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 18,476 7,463 11,013 1,722 795 927 192 118 74

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 8,446 4,144 4,302 1,358 650 708 61 41 20

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 2,220 970 1,250 183 91 92 20 14 6

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,253 1,084 1,169 253 110 143 7 5 2

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 3,808 1,978 1,830 893 431 462 33 21 12

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 165 112 53 29 18 11 1 1 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 7,526 4,752 2,774 1,146 731 415 475 365 110

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 4,846 3,293 1,553 555 399 156 282 218 64

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,372 1,272 1,100 521 300 221 191 145 46

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 308 187 121 70 32 38 2 2 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 16,960 11,431 5,529 5,374 3,909 1,465 4,391 3,429 962

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 16,871 11,370 5,501 5,339 3,889 1,450 4,378 3,418 960

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 407 263 144 45 33 12 0 0 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 93 67 26 97 71 26 69 56 13

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 45 30 15 16 10 6 27 23 4

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 412 331 81 180 147 33 70 49 21

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 8,641 5,155 3,486 1,780 1,085 695 2,280 1,648 632

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 8,407 5,006 3,401 1,653 1,007 646 2,113 1,525 588

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 20 12 8 12 11 1

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 2 1 1 7 5 2

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 13 9 4 10 7 3 12 12 0

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 12 6 6 34 21 13 47 27 20

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 209 134 75 61 37 24 89 68 21

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 2,078 1,382 696 990 735 255 413 314 99

Geology ....................................................................................... 1,928 1,286 642 853 633 220 319 241 78

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 8 2 6 9 7 2 12 7 5

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 53 40 13 69 58 11 43 35 8

Geological and related sciences, other ...................................... 89 54 35 59 37 22 39 31 8

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 759 495 264 318 217 101 147 117 30

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 0 0 0 5 4 1 3 3 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 216 137 79 143 105 38 73 57 16

Earth and planetary sciences ..................................................... 490 323 167 112 70 42 63 50 13

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 53 35 18 58 38 20 8 7 1

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,098 3,427 671 1,834 1,539 295 1,337 1,182 155

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,907 3,268 639 1,705 1,440 265 1,233 1,088 145

Physics, other .............................................................................. 191 159 32 129 99 30 104 94 10

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 338 220 118 79 52 27 35 29 6

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 89 61 28 35 20 15 13 11 2

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 378 280 98 0 0 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 193 162 31 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 185 118 67 0 0 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 18,855 11,659 7,196 1,249 797 452 24 13 11

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 18,626 11,462 7,164 1,240 789 451 24 13 11

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 678 350 328 94 57 37 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 5,889 3,664 2,225 405 238 167 3 2 1

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 9,492 5,682 3,810 624 432 192 21 11 10

Forensic studies .......................................................................... 128 73 55 39 24 15 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,623 1,213 410 41 18 23 0 0 0

Criminal justice, other ................................................................. 816 480 336 37 20 17 0 0 0

Fire control and safety .................................................................... 197 185 12 9 8 1 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 32 12 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 63,513 17,031 46,482 10,215 2,988 7,227 3,373 1,359 2,014

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 60,168 16,154 44,014 4,322 1,357 2,965 1,583 700 883

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 43 8 35 1,135 315 820 1,024 356 668

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 205 52 153 2,574 650 1,924 265 107 158

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 768 111 657 98 18 80 57 18 39

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 235 61 174 77 34 43 82 37 45

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 138 36 102 562 253 309 61 29 32

Physiological psychology/psychobiology ........................................ 140 57 83 8 3 5 16 7 9

Social psychology ........................................................................... 268 81 187 84 23 61 26 9 17

School psychology .......................................................................... 39 11 28 458 85 373 85 26 59

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,509 460 1,049 897 250 647 174 70 104

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 15,987 3,479 12,508 19,243 5,769 13,474 432 204 228

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,558 1,330 1,228 6,039 3,186 2,853 105 78 27

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,203 261 942 203 83 120 7 4 3

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 435 200 235 590 302 288 59 33 26

Social work ..................................................................................... 11,427 1,528 9,899 11,993 2,028 9,965 242 82 160

Public affairs, other ......................................................................... 364 160 204 418 170 248 19 7 12

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 184 158 26 0 0 0 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 259

Table 37.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1991–92—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 133,974 73,001 60,973 12,702 7,237 5,465 3,218 2,126 1,092

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 7,024 3,032 3,992 462 209 253 36 15 21

Anthropology ................................................................................... 4,648 1,535 3,113 895 341 554 324 168 156

Archeology ...................................................................................... 102 40 62 18 7 11 10 5 5

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,756 947 809 67 35 32 6 4 2

Demography and population studies .............................................. 0 0 0 28 20 8 5 4 1

Economics ...................................................................................... 23,423 16,416 7,007 2,106 1,520 586 866 690 176

Geography, total ............................................................................. 3,851 2,627 1,224 642 419 223 122 90 32

Geography ................................................................................... 3,808 2,592 1,216 639 419 220 122 90 32

Cartography ................................................................................. 43 35 8 3 0 3 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 26,966 16,434 10,532 2,754 1,645 1,109 644 419 225

International relations and affairs ................................................... 5,860 2,484 3,376 1,715 933 782 58 38 20

Political science and government, general ..................................... 37,805 22,044 15,761 1,908 1,218 690 535 385 150

Sociology ........................................................................................ 19,568 6,096 13,472 1,347 540 807 501 260 241

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 654 357 297 249 123 126 48 21 27

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,317 989 1,328 511 227 284 63 27 36

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 4,729 3,552 1,177 5,185 3,199 1,986 1,259 1,077 182

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 16 15 1 68 31 37 3 3 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,454 1,122 332 373 310 63 11 11 0

Missions/missionary studies and misology ..................................... 317 176 141 197 123 74 36 33 3

Religious education ........................................................................ 825 477 348 942 448 494 41 33 8

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 190 126 64 108 76 32 11 6 5

Theology/theological studies .......................................................... 1,539 1,324 215 2,476 1,598 878 856 739 117

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 65 57 8 506 227 279 152 126 26

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 323 255 68 515 386 129 149 126 23

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 3,598 3,239 359 385 354 31 0 0 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 236 209 27 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 3,362 3,030 332 385 354 31 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 46,522 17,616 28,906 9,353 4,078 5,275 906 504 402

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,494 555 939 128 58 70 1 1 0

Crafts, folk art, and artisanry .......................................................... 104 34 70 4 1 3 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 785 90 695 224 28 196 4 0 4

Design and applied art ................................................................... 8,014 2,812 5,202 354 147 207 5 0 5

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,486 2,245 3,241 1,307 621 686 91 50 41

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 2,517 1,455 1,062 501 292 209 7 5 2

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 882 561 321 280 175 105 4 2 2

Photography ................................................................................ 988 488 500 123 57 66 0 0 0

Film arts, other ............................................................................ 647 406 241 98 60 38 3 3 0

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 19,928 6,449 13,479 3,074 1,165 1,909 149 50 99

Art, general .................................................................................. 10,957 3,717 7,240 1,045 409 636 28 11 17

Art history, criticism and conservation ........................................ 4,871 1,264 3,607 832 245 587 120 38 82

Arts management ........................................................................ 104 23 81 90 29 61 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 771 317 454 221 84 137 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 171 58 113 51 24 27 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 123 12 111 18 2 16 1 1 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 85 18 67 16 6 10 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 2,846 1,040 1,806 801 366 435 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 7,724 3,805 3,919 3,458 1,651 1,807 623 391 232

Music, general ............................................................................. 3,863 1,818 2,045 1,070 539 531 263 154 109

Music history and literature ......................................................... 58 31 27 55 26 29 26 14 12

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,696 1,246 1,450 1,924 854 1,070 215 130 85

Music theory and composition .................................................... 209 160 49 156 109 47 63 55 8

Music, other ................................................................................. 898 550 348 253 123 130 56 38 18

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 470 171 299 303 115 188 26 7 19

Not classified by field of study ............................................................... 6,720 3,835 2,885 4,156 2,299 1,857 569 389 180

1Because of the change in the Classification of Instructional Programs most pharmacy

degrees are now in pre-pharmacy studies for 1991–92.

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared February 1994.)
260 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 38.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1992–93

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 1,165,178 532,881 632,297 369,585 169,258 200,327 42,132 26,073 16,059

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 16,778 11,080 5,698 3,965 2,477 1,488 1,173 879 294

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 4,995 3,661 1,334 679 460 219 195 149 46

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 3,368 2,532 836 512 355 157 146 112 34

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 789 562 227 48 32 16 0 0 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 865 688 177 31 26 5 2 2 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,566 1,159 407 425 291 134 144 110 34

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 148 123 25 8 6 2 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 242 220 22 5 5 0 1 1 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 114 89 25 65 47 18 9 8 1

Horticulture service operations and management .......................... 479 329 150 35 21 14 19 15 4

International agriculture .................................................................. 19 12 7 18 9 9 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 773 479 294 44 23 21 13 13 7

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 5,918 3,457 2,461 1,583 985 598 708 522 186

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 953 670 283 174 129 45 5 5 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 2,811 1,369 1,442 422 286 136 193 144 49

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,359 1,112 1,247 331 219 112 139 106 33

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 22 7 15 13 10 3 5 3 2

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 7 3 4 8 5 3 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 2 2 0 12 11 1

Dairy science ............................................................................... 99 65 34 19 16 3 6 5 1

Poultry science ............................................................................ 107 89 18 24 18 6 12 7 5

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 217 93 124 25 16 9 19 12 7

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 449 197 252 317 134 183 138 75 63

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 1,447 1,066 381 513 345 168 299 237 62

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 216 161 55 75 48 27 48 38 10

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 539 458 81 228 175 53 154 127 27

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 508 322 186 125 68 57 53 37 16

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 16 12 4 7 6 1

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 4 2 2 8 6 2

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 18 12 6 22 11 11 1 0 1

Range science and management ............................................... 112 78 34 30 18 12 22 17 5

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 54 35 19 13 11 2 6 6 0

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 92 69 23 86 54 32 60 53 7

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 166 86 80 71 37 34 13 8 5

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 5,865 3,962 1,903 1,703 1,032 671 270 208 62

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 2,789 1,700 1,089 768 431 337 79 51 28

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 341 236 105 96 58 38 1 1 0

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 207 169 38 98 66 32 24 22 2

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 195 149 46 27 22 5 12 10 2

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,082 887 195 493 314 179 124 104 20

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 912 606 306 166 112 54 17 11 6

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 339 215 124 55 29 26 13 9 4

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 9,167 5,940 3,227 3,808 2,376 1,432 148 105 43

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,267 3,765 1,502 1,950 1,326 624 48 37 11

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 487 349 138 1,272 739 533 79 52 27

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 722 479 243 36 14 22 6 5 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 995 144 851 21 4 17 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 1,033 716 317 327 163 164 2 1 1

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 30 18 12 69 47 22 1 1 0

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 633 469 164 133 83 50 12 9 3

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 5,481 1,977 3,504 1,523 732 791 178 90 88

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 3,978 1,564 2,414 1,164 568 596 154 77 77

African studies ............................................................................. 41 16 25 15 9 6 3 2 1

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,558 580 978 251 100 151 87 36 51

Latin American studies ................................................................ 389 122 267 219 114 105 8 6 2

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 89 40 49 95 45 50 18 10 8

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 292 124 168 126 60 66 2 2 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 934 444 490 311 155 156 24 14 10

European studies ........................................................................ 246 88 158 64 34 30 8 4 4

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 429 150 279 83 51 32 4 3 1

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 1,263 332 931 214 58 156 18 10 8

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 433 159 274 68 21 47 8 4 4

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 133 38 95 28 3 25 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 411 11 400 33 0 33 0 0 0

Ethnic studies, other ................................................................... 286 124 162 85 34 51 10 6 4

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 240 81 159 145 106 39 6 3 3

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 47,038 22,842 24,196 4,756 2,343 2,413 4,435 2,664 1,771

Biology, general .............................................................................. 34,932 16,500 18,432 2,000 1,001 999 671 398 273

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,327 1,370 957 207 108 99 692 448 244

Botany, total .................................................................................... 263 135 128 224 111 113 223 140 83

Botany, general ........................................................................... 249 128 121 137 68 69 119 66 53

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 11 5 6 76 36 40 78 55 23

Botany, other ............................................................................... 3 2 1 11 7 4 26 19 7

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 1,222 688 534 160 72 88 405 235 170

Cell biology .................................................................................. 157 87 70 64 28 36 138 74 64
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 261

Table 38.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1992–93—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 424 244 180 76 37 39 188 111 77

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 641 357 284 20 7 13 79 50 29

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,769 872 897 328 153 175 520 290 230

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 2,098 1,045 1,053 1,086 472 614 945 551 394

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 102 62 40 43 21 22 107 55 52

Ecology ........................................................................................ 485 286 199 240 144 96 83 55 28

Marine/aquatic biology ................................................................ 513 257 256 96 56 40 30 20 10

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 141 75 66 52 35 17 154 99 55

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 254 57 197 234 27 207 100 36 64

Toxicology ................................................................................... 45 20 25 61 30 31 53 30 23

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 160 78 82 123 47 76 219 135 84

Biometrics .................................................................................... 18 8 10 31 15 16 24 20 4

Miscellaneous specialized areas, other ...................................... 380 202 178 206 97 109 175 101 74

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 3,071 1,563 1,508 637 372 265 786 494 292

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,552 1,268 1,284 208 118 90 134 87 47

Entomology ................................................................................. 70 54 16 122 86 36 116 86 30

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 11 3 8 29 16 13 110 72 38

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 33 21 12 51 25 26 215 116 99

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 404 217 187 226 127 99 211 133 78

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,356 669 687 114 54 60 193 108 85

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 256,842 135,573 121,269 89,615 57,651 31,964 1,346 969 377

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 249,871 132,674 117,197 89,064 57,327 31,737 1,339 968 371

Business, general ........................................................................... 26,786 14,655 12,131 12,517 8,373 4,144 271 190 81

Business administration and management, total ........................... 89,390 47,741 41,649 48,695 31,831 16,864 662 488 174

Office supervision and management .......................................... 854 109 745 41 23 18 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 1,855 1,390 465 565 434 131 0 0 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 86,681 46,242 40,439 48,089 31,374 16,715 662 488 174

Accounting ...................................................................................... 48,853 22,371 26,482 3,887 2,111 1,776 69 45 24

Secretarial and related programs ................................................... 443 65 378 1 0 1 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,740 2,452 1,288 209 146 63 42 33 9

Small business management and ownership ................................. 434 288 146 53 37 16 0 0 0

Finance, general and banking and financial support services ....... 22,903 15,602 7,301 4,942 3,573 1,369 53 45 8

Actuarial sciences ........................................................................... 393 243 150 62 38 24 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management .................................................... 658 403 255 108 79 29 4 3 1

Investments and securities and financial planning ......................... 324 197 127 217 152 65 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 5,945 2,737 3,208 533 277 256 4 3 1

Human resources management ..................................................... 5,139 1,972 3,167 2,023 916 1,107 19 10 9

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................... 1,180 579 601 816 325 491 16 8 8

Organizational behavior studies ..................................................... 902 389 513 813 460 353 19 6 13

International business ..................................................................... 2,584 1,236 1,348 2,787 1,713 1,074 12 10 2

Business information systems, total ............................................... 5,570 3,258 2,312 1,800 1,269 531 7 5 2

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 5,174 3,014 2,160 1,592 1,110 482 7 5 2

Business information systems, other .......................................... 396 244 152 208 159 49 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 2,090 1,206 884 921 651 270 32 24 8

Business statistics ....................................................................... 38 22 16 29 18 11 8 5 3

Management science, other ........................................................ 2,052 1,184 868 892 633 259 24 19 5

Marketing management and research ............................................ 27,437 14,424 13,013 2,131 1,161 970 39 29 10

Real estate ...................................................................................... 660 482 178 348 286 62 1 1 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 2 1 1 1,559 934 625 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 160 113 47 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 4,278 2,260 2,018 4,642 2,995 1,647 89 68 21

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 6,971 2,899 4,072 551 324 227 7 1 6

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 1,624 71 1,553 0 0 0 5 0 5

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 561 331 230 7 3 4 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 3,728 1,885 1,843 393 218 175 2 1 1

Transportation and travel marketing ............................................... 284 87 197 20 6 14 0 0 0

Marketing and distribution, other .................................................... 774 525 249 131 97 34 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 54,706 22,028 32,678 5,209 1,980 3,229 301 146 155

Communications, total ........................................................................ 53,874 21,601 32,273 4,754 1,725 3,029 293 143 150

Communications, general ............................................................... 25,308 9,876 15,432 1,565 569 996 184 81 103

Advertising ...................................................................................... 3,109 1,244 1,865 239 83 156 0 0 0

Journalism ....................................................................................... 11,443 4,128 7,315 1,528 518 1,010 26 13 13

Broadcast journalism ...................................................................... 495 203 292 12 6 6 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 2,255 695 1,560 231 49 182 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 6,469 3,374 3,095 365 188 177 14 8 6

Communications, other ................................................................... 4,795 2,081 2,714 814 312 502 69 41 28

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 832 427 405 455 255 200 8 3 5

Photographic technology ................................................................ 23 10 13 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television technology ..................................................... 725 370 355 327 177 150 8 3 5

Communications technologies, other ............................................. 84 47 37 128 78 50 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 24,200 17,403 6,797 10,163 7,410 2,753 805 689 116

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 15,997 11,914 4,083 7,438 5,554 1,884 686 587 99

Computer programming .................................................................. 145 107 38 15 13 2 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 225 127 98 62 44 18 0 0 0
262 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 38.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1992–93—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Information science and systems ................................................... 3,644 2,184 1,460 1,301 790 511 15 11 4

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 231 156 75 78 60 18 8 7 1

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 3,958 2,915 1,043 1,269 949 320 96 84 12

Education, total ...................................................................................... 107,781 23,233 84,548 96,028 22,197 73,831 7,030 2,867 4,163

Education, general .......................................................................... 2,009 287 1,722 10,127 2,379 7,748 1,196 455 741

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 56 5 51 227 38 189 11 6 5

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 9 4 5 7,694 1,430 6,264 785 269 516

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 6 1 5 10,638 4,142 6,496 2,248 1,046 1,202

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 4 0 4 7,030 2,776 4,254 1,620 772 848

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 10 2 8 11 0 11

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 217 49 168 61 21 40

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 724 203 521 24 5 19

Elementary, middle, and secondary education administration ... 0 0 0 1,644 721 923 41 23 18

Higher education administration ................................................. 1 0 1 406 147 259 391 176 215

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 71 31 40 7 4 3

Education administration and supervision, other ........................ 1 1 0 536 213 323 93 45 48

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 27 12 15 939 279 660 62 32 30

Educational evaluation and research, general ............................... 18 7 11 31 7 24 26 10 16

Educational statistics and research methods ................................. 1 0 1 35 13 22 41 23 18

Educational assessment, testing and measurement ...................... 0 0 0 89 18 71 23 13 10

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 24 7 17 250 69 181 102 46 56

Special education, total .................................................................. 8,657 674 7,983 9,765 1,324 8,441 249 67 182

Special education, general .......................................................... 5,835 460 5,375 7,545 1,059 6,486 233 62 171

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 203 11 192 235 25 210 0 0 0

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 1 0 1 171 20 151 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 297 41 256 218 52 166 2 0 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 627 46 581 147 25 122 0 0 0

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 113 5 108 99 3 96 0 0 0

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 28 3 25 63 11 52 0 0 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 27 0 27 28 5 23 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 573 48 525 659 50 609 9 3 6

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 672 21 651 295 22 273 0 0 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 281 39 242 305 52 253 5 2 3

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 76 18 58 11,555 2,502 9,053 375 135 240

General teacher education, total .................................................... 61,244 5,860 55,384 22,127 3,470 18,657 433 144 289

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 24 10 14 927 259 668 148 58 90

Elementary education ................................................................. 49,485 3,881 45,604 13,234 1,250 11,984 76 17 59

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 1,308 254 1,054 563 86 477 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 6,154 163 5,991 1,893 43 1,850 45 2 43

Secondary education .................................................................. 3,773 1,522 2,251 3,707 1,387 2,320 76 32 44

Teacher education, general programs, other ............................. 500 30 470 1,803 445 1,358 88 35 53

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs ............... 34,742 16,059 18,683 16,467 5,124 11,343 821 381 440

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 427 312 115 234 164 70 48 37 11

Art education ............................................................................... 1,804 310 1,494 656 94 562 27 8 19

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 1,572 371 1,201 525 133 392 16 6 10

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 35 29 6 60 42 18 1 1 0

English education ........................................................................ 2,895 596 2,299 739 161 578 21 5 16

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 399 79 320 242 39 203 9 1 8

Health education ......................................................................... 1,540 432 1,108 841 181 660 87 24 63

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 340 8 332 177 6 171 10 0 10

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 1,506 1,307 199 495 361 134 22 19 3

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 99 43 56 17 3 14 2 1 1

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,953 710 1,243 912 282 630 35 11 24

Music education .......................................................................... 2,821 1,175 1,646 896 375 521 74 35 39

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 11,553 6,578 4,975 3,044 1,594 1,450 174 96 78

Reading education ...................................................................... 152 15 137 3,935 183 3,752 71 11 60

Science education ....................................................................... 1,138 468 670 720 313 407 36 22 14

Social science education ............................................................ 855 460 395 118 60 58 6 1 5

Social studies education ............................................................. 2,402 1,416 986 453 260 193 5 4 1

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 223 148 75 275 113 162 42 16 26

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,100 777 323 458 222 236 75 51 24

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 1,928 825 1,103 1,670 538 1,132 60 32 28

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 39 14 25 1,544 365 1,179 2 2 0

Education, other .............................................................................. 873 285 588 4,540 1,037 3,503 656 238 418

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 78,051 66,836 11,215 28,726 24,454 4,272 5,843 5,283 560

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 61,973 52,185 9,788 27,626 23,537 4,089 5,823 5,265 558

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,128 1,802 326 1,338 1,142 196 274 249 25

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical

engineering .................................................................................. 2,735 2,419 316 1,047 941 106 203 197 6

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 512 432 80 150 122 28 80 73 7

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 497 400 97 29 23 6 0 0 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 706 480 226 469 322 147 150 121 29

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 287 234 53 92 69 23 60 52 8

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 4,459 2,995 1,464 990 792 198 595 516 79

Civil engineering ............................................................................. 8,868 7,291 1,577 3,610 3,003 607 577 527 50

Computer engineering .................................................................... 2,138 1,888 250 955 817 138 123 108 15
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 263

Table 38.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1992–93—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Electrical, electronics, and communications

engineering .................................................................................. 17,281 15,314 1,967 7,870 6,957 913 1,413 1,295 118

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 134 116 18 186 170 16 98 90 8

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 295 253 42 68 65 3 50 46 4

Engineering science ....................................................................... 286 215 71 357 285 72 49 41 8

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 262 180 82 783 566 217 40 37 3

Geological engineering ................................................................... 104 71 33 46 40 6 11 10 1

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 8 5 3 10 9 1 1 1 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,300 2,354 946 2,058 1,622 436 267 235 32

Material engineering ....................................................................... 588 447 141 537 434 103 336 275 61

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 14,464 12,863 1,601 3,982 3,598 384 871 823 48

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 298 241 57 171 139 32 93 86 7

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 111 100 11 66 61 5 25 25 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 275 259 16 31 27 4 6 5 1

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 234 207 27 269 236 33 115 108 7

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 99 78 21 94 81 13 29 28 1

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 256 226 30 139 128 11 50 44 6

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 411 342 69 403 318 85 31 25 6

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 34 21 13 19 12 7 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,203 952 251 1,857 1,558 299 275 247 28

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 16,078 14,651 1,427 1,100 917 183 20 18 2

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 600 530 70 1 1 0 0 0 0

Civil technologies ............................................................................ 435 387 48 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic technologies ............................................ 3,986 3,705 281 37 34 3 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 316 303 13 10 9 1 3 2 1

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 253 199 54 58 38 20 1 1 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,377 3,905 472 295 258 37 5 5 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 395 310 85 265 202 63 4 4 0

Mechanical and related technologies ............................................. 1,836 1,715 121 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum technologies ................................................ 24 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 125 115 10 26 19 7 7 6 1

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 69 64 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 105 102 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering and related technologies, other .................................. 3,557 3,292 265 408 356 52 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 56,133 19,247 36,886 7,790 2,667 5,123 1,341 550 791

English language and literature, general ........................................ 41,564 13,822 27,742 5,287 1,812 3,475 949 388 561

Comparative literature .................................................................... 844 240 604 253 97 156 140 55 85

English composition ........................................................................ 307 145 162 12 4 8 7 2 5

English creative writing ................................................................... 872 363 509 749 305 444 7 5 2

American literature (United States) ................................................ 135 48 87 23 5 18 12 3 9

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,493 535 958 332 104 228 69 28 41

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 9,605 3,630 5,975 833 261 572 108 53 55

English technical and business writing ........................................... 106 44 62 158 45 113 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,207 420 787 143 34 109 49 16 33

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 14,387 4,158 10,229 3,198 1,062 2,136 830 355 475

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,481 411 1,070 926 310 616 235 103 132

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 928 252 676 318 93 225 53 19 34

Linguistics .................................................................................... 553 159 394 608 217 391 182 84 98

East and Southeast Asian languages and literatures, total ........... 585 294 291 142 57 85 20 13 7

Chinese ....................................................................................... 129 67 62 54 26 28 8 7 1

Japanese ..................................................................................... 327 151 176 57 13 44 2 1 1

East and Southeast Asian languages, other .............................. 129 76 53 31 18 13 10 5 5

East European languages and literatures, total ............................. 693 266 427 166 62 104 28 14 14

Russian languages ...................................................................... 612 231 381 68 20 48 4 0 4

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 77 33 44 93 39 54 24 14 10

East European languages, other ................................................ 4 2 2 5 3 2 0 0 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,611 640 971 346 133 213 97 42 55

German ....................................................................................... 1,572 629 943 317 123 194 86 37 49

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 20 5 15 8 2 6 1 1 0

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 19 6 13 21 8 13 10 4 6

South Asian languages and literatures .......................................... 4 2 2 1 0 1 5 3 2

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 8,916 2,047 6,869 1,329 364 965 312 107 205

French ......................................................................................... 3,280 634 2,646 513 125 388 98 34 64

Italian ........................................................................................... 274 62 212 50 18 32 13 5 8

Portuguese .................................................................................. 41 27 14 9 3 6 1 1 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 5,233 1,309 3,924 667 194 473 145 47 98

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 88 15 73 90 24 66 55 20 35

Middle Eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 82 36 46 51 35 16 20 12 8

Arabic .......................................................................................... 8 3 5 3 2 1 2 1 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 54 22 32 33 26 7 7 6 1

Middle East languages, other ..................................................... 20 11 9 15 7 8 11 5 6

Classical and ancient Near East languages and literatures, total . 741 371 370 144 77 67 60 34 26

Classics ....................................................................................... 598 300 298 128 69 59 58 33 25

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 35 18 17 3 1 2 1 0 1

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 108 53 55 13 7 6 1 1 0

Foreign languages, other ................................................................ 274 91 183 93 24 69 53 27 26
264 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 38.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1992–93—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 67,089 11,347 55,742 25,718 5,227 20,491 1,767 753 1,014

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 4,814 252 4,562 4,002 171 3,831 102 23 79

Community health liaison ............................................................... 460 86 374 121 37 84 2 2 0

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 0 0 0 352 221 131 27 21 6

Dental services ............................................................................... 927 25 902 48 27 21 0 0 0

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 239 96 143 82 34 48

Health services administration, total ............................................... 3,341 821 2,520 3,303 1,155 2,148 51 26 25

Health services administration .................................................... 1,681 456 1,225 1,774 655 1,119 30 11 19

Medical records administration ................................................... 635 49 586 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 3 0 3 5 3 2 6 5 1

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 1,022 316 706 1,524 497 1,027 15 10 5

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 967 468 499 184 48 136 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 858 441 417 171 44 127 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, other .......................................... 107 27 80 13 4 9 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 1,255 467 788 56 30 26 0 0 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 322 112 210 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 933 355 578 56 30 26 0 0 0

Medical laboratory technologies, total ............................................ 2,458 700 1,758 380 159 221 111 52 59

Medical technology ..................................................................... 2,135 593 1,542 61 21 40 3 2 1

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 323 107 216 319 138 181 108 50 58

Pre-dentistry studies ....................................................................... 176 102 74 3 2 1 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ...................................................................... 690 382 308 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ..................................................................... 400 161 239 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ..................................................................... 265 103 162 2 1 1 0 0 0

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 216 84 132 249 116 133 313 192 121

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 537 86 451 383 90 293 6 2 4

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 88 29 59 52 15 37 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 153 26 127 48 21 27 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 82 9 73 97 24 73 6 2 4

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 214 22 192 186 30 156 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 34,792 2,934 31,858 8,151 527 7,624 396 20 376

Optometry ....................................................................................... 183 81 102 7 2 5 1 1 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 5,489 2,071 3,418 257 115 142 203 124 79

Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 6,625 1,276 5,349 3,889 902 2,987 37 13 24

Art therapy ................................................................................... 58 3 55 202 12 190 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 1 0 1 34 0 34 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 155 19 136 16 4 12 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 2,500 241 2,259 521 51 470 3 1 2

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 34 25 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 2,928 792 2,136 2,202 586 1,616 9 5 4

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 125 24 101 3 1 2 5 0 5

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 178 46 132 578 155 423 5 2 3

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 646 126 520 333 93 240 15 5 10

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 126 53 73 153 87 66 132 87 45

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 297 160 137 201 92 109 28 24 4

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,071 1,035 2,036 3,738 1,349 2,389 276 132 144

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 15,100 1,638 13,462 2,479 422 2,057 345 97 248

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 14,444 1,382 13,062 2,440 417 2,023 335 95 240

Home economics, general .............................................................. 2,974 201 2,773 300 23 277 42 14 28

Home economics business services .............................................. 156 10 146 2 0 2 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 185 24 161 65 16 49 2 2 0

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 1,285 368 917 60 9 51 22 2 20

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 2,735 343 2,392 534 61 473 60 13 47

Housing studies .............................................................................. 576 65 511 51 19 32 1 0 1

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 4,422 279 4,143 1,287 276 1,011 190 58 132

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 1,960 77 1,883 110 12 98 14 5 9

Home economics, other .................................................................. 151 15 136 31 1 30 4 1 3

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 656 256 400 39 5 34 10 2 8

Child care and guidance management .......................................... 180 0 180 34 1 33 4 0 4

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 5 3 2 4 4 0 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 471 253 218 1 0 1 6 2 4

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 2,056 667 1,389 2,197 1,481 716 86 65 21

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 262 140 122 12 4 8 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 913 143 770 13 5 8 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 881 384 497 2,172 1,472 700 86 65 21

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 33,456 13,275 20,181 2,416 840 1,576 81 38 43

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 21,044 7,655 13,389 1,630 548 1,082 18 9 9

Humanities/humanistic studies ....................................................... 2,898 1,011 1,887 491 188 303 32 17 15

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 9,514 4,609 4,905 295 104 191 31 12 19

Library science, total .............................................................................. 83 9 74 4,871 961 3,910 77 26 51

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 81 9 72 4,767 950 3,817 72 22 50

Library science, other ..................................................................... 2 0 2 104 11 93 5 4 1

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 14,812 7,827 6,985 4,067 2,455 1,612 1,189 906 283

Mathematics .................................................................................... 12,635 6,522 6,113 2,423 1,449 974 808 623 185

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,285 758 527 822 553 269 159 116 43
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 265

Table 38.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1992–93—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Applied mathematics, general and other .................................... 857 497 360 399 249 150 108 77 31

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 428 261 167 423 304 119 51 39 12

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 520 296 224 763 420 343 214 160 54

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 372 251 121 59 33 26 8 7 1

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 23,955 8,917 15,038 2,498 1,221 1,277 196 115 81

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,007 1,115 892 163 92 71 24 14 10

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 121 70 51 276 163 113 12 11 1

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 2 1 1 103 24 79 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 21,825 7,731 14,094 1,956 942 1,014 160 90 70

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 9,859 4,885 4,974 1,434 714 720 108 75 33

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 2,040 871 1,169 222 107 115 23 16 7

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,455 1,095 1,360 249 107 142 10 6 4

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 5,230 2,832 2,398 940 493 447 73 52 21

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 134 87 47 23 7 16 2 1 1

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 7,781 4,938 2,843 1,425 988 437 448 323 125

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 4,842 3,310 1,532 707 519 188 266 199 67

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,569 1,415 1,154 680 459 221 177 120 57

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 370 213 157 38 10 28 5 4 1

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 17,545 11,825 5,720 5,366 3,808 1,558 4,393 3,432 961

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 17,462 11,773 5,689 5,347 3,793 1,554 4,376 3,419 957

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 380 270 110 68 52 16 0 0 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 116 89 27 89 66 23 82 68 14

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 51 31 20 46 40 6 16 13 3

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 369 305 64 202 161 41 65 55 10

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 8,914 5,288 3,626 1,842 1,105 737 2,261 1,623 638

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 8,674 5,148 3,526 1,713 1,040 673 2,081 1,494 587

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 19 8 11 22 16 6

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 1

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 11 2 9 11 3 8 14 9 5

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 11 6 5 20 5 15 45 28 17

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 218 132 86 79 49 30 92 70 22

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 2,299 1,554 745 925 670 255 406 334 72

Geology ....................................................................................... 2,136 1,446 690 793 565 228 314 254 60

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 6 3 3 5 3 2 10 8 2

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 45 32 13 69 59 10 53 48 5

Geological and related sciences, other ...................................... 112 73 39 58 43 15 29 24 5

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 924 639 285 335 213 122 233 187 46

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 233 170 63 143 89 54 112 85 27

Earth and planetary sciences ..................................................... 591 415 176 127 86 41 108 90 18

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 100 54 46 62 35 27 13 12 1

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,063 3,390 673 1,777 1,460 317 1,277 1,107 170

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,892 3,249 643 1,643 1,356 287 1,210 1,051 159

Physics, other .............................................................................. 171 141 30 134 104 30 67 56 11

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 346 207 139 63 26 37 36 32 4

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 83 52 31 19 15 4 17 13 4

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 388 281 107 2 2 0 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 149 127 22 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 239 154 85 2 2 0 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 20,902 13,020 7,882 1,357 837 520 32 23 9

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 20,623 12,774 7,849 1,323 806 517 32 23 9

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 666 363 303 56 42 14 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 6,642 4,178 2,464 472 288 184 6 4 2

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 10,436 6,277 4,159 683 416 267 26 19 7

Forensic studies .......................................................................... 163 91 72 38 20 18 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,712 1,287 425 47 24 23 0 0 0

Criminal justice, other ................................................................. 1,004 578 426 27 16 11 0 0 0

Fire control and safety .................................................................... 230 218 12 25 23 2 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 49 28 21 9 8 1 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 66,728 17,908 48,820 10,957 3,029 7,928 3,651 1,415 2,236

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 63,247 17,021 46,226 4,265 1,323 2,942 1,575 659 916

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 64 14 50 1,319 345 974 1,205 426 779

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 261 57 204 3,117 761 2,356 236 88 148

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 732 79 653 115 26 89 57 15 42

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 251 57 194 82 29 53 90 38 52

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 156 62 94 309 124 185 63 28 35

Physiological psychology/psychobiology ........................................ 172 75 97 7 4 3 26 12 14

Social psychology ........................................................................... 195 40 155 110 19 91 34 11 23

School psychology .......................................................................... 0 0 0 609 114 495 108 30 78

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,650 503 1,147 1,024 284 740 257 108 149

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 16,775 3,801 12,974 20,634 6,105 14,529 459 215 244

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,607 1,384 1,223 6,347 3,340 3,007 120 82 38

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,241 312 929 210 72 138 4 1 3

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 382 210 172 670 330 340 70 42 28

Social work ..................................................................................... 12,090 1,663 10,427 13,032 2,223 10,809 233 81 152

Public affairs, other ......................................................................... 455 232 223 375 140 235 32 9 23

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 11 11 0 108 100 8 0 0 0
266 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 38.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1992–93—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 135,703 73,589 62,114 13,471 7,671 5,800 3,460 2,203 1,257

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 7,390 3,188 4,202 473 213 260 70 39 31

Anthropology ................................................................................... 5,098 1,819 3,279 913 388 525 359 138 221

Archeology ...................................................................................... 95 41 54 14 5 9 11 5 6

Criminology ..................................................................................... 1,772 1,005 767 83 48 35 8 2 6

Demography and population studies .............................................. 0 0 0 38 13 25 13 8 5

Economics ...................................................................................... 21,321 14,965 6,356 2,292 1,611 681 879 674 205

Geography, total ............................................................................. 4,151 2,752 1,399 646 423 223 150 105 45

Geography ................................................................................... 4,116 2,724 1,392 643 421 222 150 105 45

Cartography ................................................................................. 35 28 7 3 2 1 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 27,774 17,212 10,562 2,952 1,812 1,140 690 451 239

International relations and affairs ................................................... 6,361 2,721 3,640 1,859 994 865 79 55 24

Political science and government, general ..................................... 37,931 22,052 15,879 1,943 1,239 704 529 389 140

Sociology ........................................................................................ 20,896 6,605 14,291 1,521 591 930 536 272 264

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 699 370 329 291 148 143 74 43 31

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,215 859 1,356 446 186 260 62 22 40

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,433 4,168 1,265 4,985 2,989 1,996 1,417 1,219 198

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 52 37 15 62 23 39 7 7 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,439 1,112 327 275 221 54 11 11 0

Missions/missionary studies and misology ..................................... 312 185 127 195 111 84 45 41 4

Religious education ........................................................................ 832 507 325 788 391 397 55 48 7

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 173 90 83 102 52 50 17 15 2

Theology/theological studies .......................................................... 2,131 1,883 248 2,546 1,682 864 922 812 110

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 101 75 26 680 298 382 198 155 43

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 393 279 114 337 211 126 162 130 32

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 3,930 3,508 422 495 456 39 0 0 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 286 264 22 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 3,644 3,244 400 495 456 39 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 47,761 18,610 29,151 9,440 4,099 5,341 882 478 404

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,477 559 918 120 45 75 9 7 2

Crafts, folk art, and artisanry .......................................................... 99 37 62 7 2 5 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 812 79 733 204 38 166 3 0 3

Design and applied art ................................................................... 7,914 2,929 4,985 431 185 246 1 0 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 5,891 2,357 3,534 1,290 626 664 76 47 29

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 2,681 1,664 1,017 566 347 219 14 9 5

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 868 575 293 284 182 102 5 2 3

Photography ................................................................................ 987 527 460 150 83 67 1 1 0

Film arts, other ............................................................................ 826 562 264 132 82 50 8 6 2

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 20,526 6,825 13,701 3,090 1,143 1,947 137 49 88

Art, general .................................................................................. 11,347 4,039 7,308 980 384 596 39 14 25

Art history, criticism and conservation ........................................ 4,192 998 3,194 798 232 566 97 34 63

Arts management ........................................................................ 119 27 92 111 25 86 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 846 316 530 214 97 117 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 212 73 139 44 21 23 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 118 9 109 37 7 30 1 1 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 75 23 52 20 5 15 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 3,617 1,340 2,277 886 372 514 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 7,853 3,962 3,891 3,488 1,629 1,859 609 357 252

Music, general ............................................................................. 3,836 1,856 1,980 1,090 511 579 238 136 102

Music history and literature ......................................................... 58 18 40 37 18 19 33 21 12

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,683 1,271 1,412 1,862 826 1,036 219 125 94

Music theory and composition .................................................... 209 161 48 151 111 40 62 44 18

Music, other ................................................................................. 1,067 656 411 348 163 185 57 31 26

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 508 198 310 244 84 160 33 9 24

Not classified by field of study ............................................................... 5,247 2,340 2,907 884 504 380 111 93 18

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared January 1995.)
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 267

Table 39.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1993–94

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 1,169,275 532,422 636,853 387,070 176,085 210,985 43,185 26,552 16,633

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 18,070 11,748 6,322 4,119 2,515 1,604 1,278 982 296

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 4,959 3,611 1,348 703 487 216 206 170 36

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 3,370 2,505 865 543 376 167 166 143 23

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 816 556 260 54 35 19 0 0 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,005 779 226 21 11 10 0 0 0

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,368 1,018 350 454 321 133 166 143 23

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 181 152 29 14 9 5 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 244 229 15 9 7 2 1 1 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 140 106 34 59 51 8 12 8 4

Horticulture service operations and management .......................... 466 335 131 23 10 13 16 12 4

International agriculture .................................................................. 18 11 7 19 7 12 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 721 425 296 50 36 14 13 6 5

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 6,432 3,750 2,682 1,595 951 644 789 594 195

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 936 696 240 151 108 43 2 0 2

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,165 1,511 1,654 441 268 173 226 168 58

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,641 1,251 1,390 339 203 136 159 118 41

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 32 12 20 10 7 3 15 14 1

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 14 4 10 4 2 2 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 9 6 3 10 8 2

Dairy science ............................................................................... 109 71 38 22 13 9 3 2 1

Poultry science ............................................................................ 121 92 29 20 15 5 17 14 3

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 248 81 167 37 22 15 22 12 10

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 448 187 261 329 122 207 148 81 67

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 1,557 1,158 399 519 355 164 344 289 55

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 242 180 62 61 42 19 34 29 5

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 526 458 68 234 167 67 195 171 24

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 552 347 205 129 77 52 62 49 13

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 10 7 3 8 7 1

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 0 0 0 2 0 2 8 6 2

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 16 13 3 16 12 4 1 1 0

Range science and management ............................................... 162 116 46 49 38 11 20 12 8

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 59 44 15 18 12 6 16 14 2

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 129 95 34 71 47 24 57 48 9

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 197 103 94 84 51 33 12 8 4

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 6,679 4,387 2,292 1,821 1,077 744 283 218 65

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 3,333 1,955 1,378 925 514 411 80 57 23

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 375 256 119 89 54 35 1 1 0

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 215 171 44 90 53 37 27 22 5

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 218 163 55 25 21 4 15 14 1

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,187 955 232 522 326 196 123 97 26

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 957 654 303 123 86 37 18 14 4

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 394 233 161 47 23 24 19 13 6

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 8,975 5,764 3,211 3,943 2,428 1,515 161 111 50

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,141 3,617 1,524 2,031 1,376 655 53 42 11

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 567 402 165 1,240 710 530 86 55 31

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 717 458 259 49 17 32 2 2 0

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 902 129 773 11 2 9 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 1,045 748 297 378 181 197 2 2 0

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 29 18 11 62 43 19 3 1 2

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 574 392 182 172 99 73 15 9 6

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 5,573 1,958 3,615 1,633 768 865 155 75 80

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 3,931 1,513 2,418 1,207 565 642 123 60 63

African studies ............................................................................. 24 5 19 14 4 10 2 1 1

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,587 569 1,018 244 95 149 76 35 41

Latin American studies ................................................................ 406 153 253 252 116 136 7 1 6

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 96 40 56 94 51 43 18 10 8

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 264 107 157 119 58 61 0 0 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 842 388 454 292 149 143 11 9 2

European studies ........................................................................ 266 86 180 80 35 45 3 0 3

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 446 165 281 112 57 55 6 4 2

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 1,435 369 1,066 264 96 168 26 13 13

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 492 175 317 79 36 43 6 3 3

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 128 42 86 12 3 9 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 479 11 468 52 0 52 5 0 5

Ethnic studies, other ................................................................... 336 141 195 121 57 64 15 10 5

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 207 76 131 162 107 55 6 2 4

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 51,383 25,050 26,333 5,196 2,465 2,731 4,534 2,690 1,844

Biology, general .............................................................................. 38,103 18,252 19,851 2,178 1,033 1,145 665 392 273

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,570 1,420 1,150 276 147 129 659 392 267

Botany, total .................................................................................... 303 138 165 220 122 98 264 173 91

Botany, general ........................................................................... 283 128 155 129 69 60 136 85 51

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 6 3 3 73 46 27 80 56 24

Botany, other ............................................................................... 14 7 7 18 7 11 48 32 16

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 1,574 839 735 170 72 98 444 250 194

Cell biology .................................................................................. 170 77 93 60 23 37 127 68 59
268 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 39.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1993–94—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 544 296 248 64 30 34 205 113 92

Cell and molecular biology, other ................................................... 860 466 394 46 19 27 112 69 43

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,841 916 925 332 139 193 478 273 205

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 2,444 1,143 1,301 1,149 473 676 1,036 586 450

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 20 13 7 72 34 38 111 59 52

Ecology ........................................................................................ 659 354 305 185 102 83 90 57 33

Marine/aquatic biology ................................................................ 613 289 324 89 50 39 41 30 11

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 139 69 70 72 37 35 167 101 66

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 346 75 271 266 32 234 111 40 71

Toxicology ................................................................................... 63 35 28 64 33 31 67 32 35

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 203 99 104 136 54 82 241 153 88

Biometrics .................................................................................... 18 10 8 25 14 11 19 13 6

Miscellaneous specialized areas, other ...................................... 383 199 184 240 117 123 189 101 88

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 3,207 1,688 1,519 749 420 329 805 515 290

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,592 1,354 1,238 278 158 120 156 109 47

Entomology ................................................................................. 83 59 24 135 82 53 123 95 28

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 15 2 13 36 15 21 93 55 38

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 44 24 20 59 30 29 211 116 95

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 465 244 221 241 135 106 222 140 82

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 8 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,341 654 687 122 59 63 183 109 74

Business management and administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 246,654 129,161 117,493 93,437 59,335 34,102 1,364 980 384

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 240,864 126,891 113,973 92,759 58,950 33,809 1,356 979 377

Business, general ........................................................................... 25,572 13,746 11,826 13,191 8,594 4,597 232 174 58

Business administration and management, total ........................... 87,395 46,166 41,229 51,833 33,574 18,259 714 535 179

Office supervision and management .......................................... 1,040 122 918 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 1,993 1,428 565 506 370 136 16 11 5

Business administration and management, other ...................... 84,362 44,616 39,746 51,327 33,204 18,123 698 524 174

Accounting ...................................................................................... 47,804 21,446 26,358 4,162 2,258 1,904 63 34 29

Secretarial and related programs ................................................... 594 152 442 1 0 1 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 3,454 2,274 1,180 251 159 92 47 34 13

Small business management and ownership ................................. 399 258 141 57 40 17 0 0 0

Finance, general and banking and financial support services ....... 21,465 14,593 6,872 4,903 3,470 1,433 64 53 11

Actuarial sciences ........................................................................... 371 227 144 82 53 29 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management .................................................... 600 382 218 66 41 25 7 4 3

Investments and securities and financial planning ......................... 353 212 141 260 198 62 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 5,910 2,662 3,248 421 211 210 2 1 1

Human resources management ..................................................... 4,960 1,953 3,007 2,195 980 1,215 29 17 12

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................... 1,061 544 517 810 333 477 23 14 9

Organizational behavior studies ..................................................... 989 464 525 302 116 186 29 12 17

International business ..................................................................... 2,875 1,325 1,550 3,000 1,878 1,122 21 18 3

Business information systems, total ............................................... 5,839 3,474 2,365 2,140 1,429 711 13 7 6

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 5,434 3,221 2,213 1,877 1,239 638 13 7 6

Business information systems, other .......................................... 405 253 152 263 190 73 0 0 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 1,846 1,031 815 990 634 356 36 31 5

Business statistics ....................................................................... 51 23 28 30 15 15 5 4 1

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,795 1,008 787 960 619 341 31 27 4

Marketing management and research ............................................ 24,692 13,312 11,380 1,891 1,026 865 38 17 21

Real estate ...................................................................................... 558 416 142 317 261 56 1 1 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 1,396 873 523 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 155 98 57 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 3,972 2,156 1,816 4,491 2,822 1,669 37 27 10

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 5,790 2,270 3,520 678 385 293 8 1 7

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 1,383 59 1,324 0 1 2 6 0 6

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 456 247 209 9 2 7 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 3,132 1,506 1,626 440 226 214 2 1 1

Transportation and travel marketing ............................................... 173 44 129 12 3 9 0 0 0

Marketing and distribution, other .................................................... 646 414 232 214 153 61 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 51,827 21,359 30,468 5,419 2,098 3,321 345 174 171

Communications, total ........................................................................ 51,164 21,023 30,141 5,005 1,870 3,135 337 172 165

Communications, general ............................................................... 24,496 9,783 14,713 1,822 636 1,186 215 108 107

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,773 1,095 1,678 256 90 166 4 2 2

Journalism ....................................................................................... 10,214 3,718 6,496 1,432 517 915 28 19 9

Broadcast journalism ...................................................................... 630 258 372 16 7 9 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 2,393 779 1,614 240 58 182 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 5,883 3,246 2,637 383 183 200 10 6 4

Communications, other ................................................................... 4,775 2,144 2,631 856 379 477 80 37 43

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 663 336 327 414 228 186 8 2 6

Photographic technology ................................................................ 11 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television technology ..................................................... 575 292 283 317 165 152 8 2 6

Communications technologies, other ............................................. 77 39 38 97 63 34 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 24,200 17,317 6,883 10,416 7,724 2,692 810 685 125

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 15,411 11,302 4,109 7,533 5,687 1,846 652 555 97

Computer programming .................................................................. 175 122 53 23 19 4 0 0 0

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 222 139 83 0 0 0 1 1 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 269

Table 39.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1993–94—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Information science and systems ................................................... 3,947 2,500 1,447 1,305 832 473 23 13 10

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 301 206 95 51 43 8 12 10 2

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 4,144 3,048 1,096 1,504 1,143 361 122 106 16

Education, total ...................................................................................... 107,600 24,450 83,150 98,938 23,008 75,930 6,908 2,706 4,202

Education, general .......................................................................... 1,617 266 1,351 10,553 2,537 8,016 1,232 440 792

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 54 6 48 264 46 218 13 2 11

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 7 2 5 8,246 1,552 6,694 775 253 522

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 9 3 6 10,892 4,290 6,602 2,187 988 1,199

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 2 0 2 7,339 2,947 4,392 1,562 733 829

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 5 1 4 8 0 8

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 3 1 2 133 32 101 72 29 43

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 683 200 483 30 6 24

Elementary, middle, and secondary education administration ... 3 1 2 1,498 626 872 44 23 21

Higher education administration ................................................. 1 1 0 544 196 348 340 141 199

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 86 38 48 6 4 2

Education administration and supervision, other ........................ 0 0 0 604 250 354 125 52 73

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 35 20 15 957 261 696 60 26 34

Educational evaluation and research, general ............................... 30 8 22 38 11 27 14 4 10

Educational statistics and research methods ................................. 2 0 2 54 37 17 28 14 14

Educational assessment, testing and measurement ...................... 0 0 0 98 21 77 28 12 16

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 3 3 0 262 54 208 131 55 76

Special education, total .................................................................. 9,099 729 8,370 10,497 1,423 9,074 194 34 160

Special education, general .......................................................... 6,085 528 5,557 8,284 1,158 7,126 184 31 153

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 222 8 214 238 25 213 0 0 0

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 4 0 4 135 14 121 0 0 0

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 329 43 286 239 47 192 0 0 0

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 691 37 654 154 24 130 0 0 0

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 125 7 118 187 20 167 1 0 1

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 21 2 19 62 5 57 0 0 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 32 0 32 40 5 35 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 649 58 591 602 66 536 3 1 2

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 673 19 654 224 4 220 0 0 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 268 27 241 332 55 277 6 2 4

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 36 7 29 12,217 2,664 9,553 364 129 235

General teacher education, total .................................................... 61,017 6,699 54,318 22,877 3,808 19,069 402 129 273

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 89 20 69 880 224 656 134 55 79

Elementary education ................................................................. 48,733 4,642 44,091 12,958 1,444 11,514 91 19 72

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 1,378 298 1,080 653 98 555 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 6,474 164 6,310 1,996 41 1,955 31 1 30

Secondary education .................................................................. 3,746 1,537 2,209 3,986 1,467 2,519 56 21 35

Teacher education, general programs, other ............................. 597 38 559 2,404 534 1,870 90 33 57

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs ............... 34,428 16,229 18,199 16,106 4,935 11,171 832 397 435

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 470 312 158 222 131 91 50 38 12

Art education ............................................................................... 1,535 336 1,199 650 118 532 20 5 15

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 1,434 360 1,074 456 122 334 11 5 6

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 46 38 8 56 42 14 0 0 0

English education ........................................................................ 2,904 609 2,295 683 144 539 15 7 8

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 361 64 297 279 55 224 24 8 16

Health education ......................................................................... 1,547 413 1,134 808 151 657 116 42 74

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 318 6 312 112 4 108 8 0 8

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 1,502 1,252 250 493 343 150 30 20 10

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 92 32 60 16 6 10 1 0 1

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,914 741 1,173 846 272 574 31 14 17

Music education .......................................................................... 2,771 1,172 1,599 838 322 516 74 31 43

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 11,888 6,998 4,890 2,994 1,544 1,450 154 92 62

Reading education ...................................................................... 161 13 148 3,869 179 3,690 78 12 66

Science education ....................................................................... 1,102 469 633 720 289 431 48 27 21

Social science education ............................................................ 850 426 424 132 65 67 1 1 0

Social studies education ............................................................. 2,088 1,229 859 501 282 219 3 1 2

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 209 134 75 267 106 161 42 24 18

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 1,014 714 300 391 172 219 74 44 30

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 2,222 911 1,311 1,773 588 1,185 52 26 26

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 45 15 30 1,548 334 1,214 6 1 5

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,218 463 755 4,329 1,035 3,294 642 222 420

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 78,225 66,597 11,628 29,754 25,154 4,600 5,979 5,315 664

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 62,220 52,035 10,185 28,621 24,218 4,403 5,963 5,299 664

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,015 1,670 345 1,391 1,171 220 233 204 29

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering ............... 2,330 2,035 295 1,038 938 100 220 209 11

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 519 440 79 150 121 29 87 77 10

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 525 418 107 36 31 5 1 1 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 719 481 238 489 349 140 168 128 40

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 240 188 52 92 67 25 57 51 6

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 5,163 3,588 1,575 1,032 785 247 604 510 94

Civil engineering ............................................................................. 9,479 7,776 1,703 3,873 3,199 674 651 582 69

Computer engineering .................................................................... 2,237 1,944 293 1,071 893 178 123 109 14

Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering ............... 15,823 13,892 1,931 7,791 6,820 971 1,470 1,331 139

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 128 111 17 172 155 17 92 87 5
270 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 39.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1993–94—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 293 260 33 70 63 7 38 34 4

Engineering science ....................................................................... 268 218 50 295 257 38 50 45 5

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 434 296 138 985 716 269 46 34 12

Geological engineering ................................................................... 143 100 43 57 45 12 12 11 1

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 11 7 4 9 7 2 4 4 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,122 2,207 915 2,096 1,701 395 253 215 38

Material engineering ....................................................................... 532 416 116 569 452 117 347 289 58

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 15,030 13,327 1,703 4,099 3,700 399 887 825 62

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 250 209 41 172 139 33 83 73 10

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 118 107 11 57 49 8 21 20 1

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 307 287 20 23 22 1 5 5 0

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 256 228 28 255 220 35 94 84 10

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 127 97 30 125 108 17 31 29 2

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 316 275 41 167 155 12 45 38 7

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 420 336 84 404 328 76 39 33 6

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 72 45 27 32 24 8 1 1 0

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,343 1,077 266 2,071 1,703 368 301 270 31

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 16,005 14,562 1,443 1,133 936 197 16 16 0

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 670 603 67 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil technologies ............................................................................ 482 443 39 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic technologies ............................................ 4,142 3,869 273 77 65 12 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 202 188 14 6 6 0 8 8 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 263 212 51 53 35 18 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,134 3,651 483 304 248 56 5 5 0

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 554 464 90 301 246 55 0 0 0

Mechanical and related technologies ............................................. 1,750 1,656 94 2 2 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum technologies ................................................ 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 131 118 13 25 22 3 3 3 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 107 106 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 75 70 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

Engineering and related technologies, other .................................. 3,475 3,162 313 365 312 53 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 53,924 18,425 35,499 7,885 2,712 5,173 1,344 568 776

English language and literature, general ........................................ 40,497 13,426 27,071 5,375 1,842 3,533 946 406 540

Comparative literature .................................................................... 774 211 563 274 92 182 139 56 83

English composition ........................................................................ 331 138 193 21 4 17 4 0 4

English creative writing ................................................................... 903 424 479 835 360 475 7 4 3

American literature (United States) ................................................ 59 18 41 16 6 10 4 2 2

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,368 483 885 372 110 262 74 32 42

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 8,637 3,272 5,365 725 210 515 128 54 74

English technical and business writing ........................................... 156 52 104 142 44 98 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,199 401 798 125 44 81 42 14 28

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 14,378 4,304 10,074 3,288 1,087 2,201 886 355 531

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,463 398 1,065 970 316 654 252 108 144

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 852 225 627 321 85 236 63 22 41

Linguistics .................................................................................... 611 173 438 649 231 418 189 86 103

East and Southeast Asian languages and literatures, total ........... 546 276 270 138 46 92 32 18 14

Chinese ....................................................................................... 112 59 53 48 16 32 18 11 7

Japanese ..................................................................................... 311 149 162 48 10 38 2 0 2

East and Southeast Asian languages, other .............................. 123 68 55 42 20 22 12 7 5

East European languages and literatures, total ............................. 702 297 405 179 56 123 38 16 22

Russian languages ...................................................................... 611 259 352 71 22 49 3 0 3

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 83 36 47 98 30 68 33 15 18

East European languages, other ................................................ 8 2 6 10 4 6 2 1 1

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,626 628 998 338 126 212 64 30 34

German ....................................................................................... 1,580 610 970 298 114 184 61 28 33

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 31 9 22 11 1 10 1 0 1

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 15 9 6 29 11 18 2 2 0

South Asian languages and literatures .......................................... 6 2 4 4 1 3 8 6 2

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 8,981 2,215 6,766 1,307 363 944 358 105 253

French ......................................................................................... 3,094 587 2,507 479 116 363 104 31 73

Italian ........................................................................................... 264 67 197 47 13 34 24 10 14

Portuguese .................................................................................. 37 18 19 8 3 5 0 0 0

Spanish ....................................................................................... 5,505 1,516 3,989 691 206 485 160 46 114

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 81 27 54 82 25 57 70 18 52

Middle Eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 72 29 43 56 35 21 15 11 4

Arabic .......................................................................................... 8 3 5 2 1 1 0 0 0

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 49 18 31 35 25 10 3 2 1

Middle East languages, other ..................................................... 15 8 7 19 9 10 12 9 3

Classical and ancient Near East languages and literatures, total . 756 371 385 193 107 86 77 43 34

Classics ....................................................................................... 617 298 319 169 98 71 74 40 34

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 34 17 17 10 7 3 1 1 0

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 105 56 49 14 2 12 2 2 0

Foreign languages, other ................................................................ 226 88 138 103 37 66 42 18 24

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 74,421 13,062 61,359 28,025 5,814 22,211 1,902 789 1,113

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 5,405 270 5,135 4,176 211 3,965 94 21 73

Community health liaison ............................................................... 586 120 466 176 41 135 0 0 0
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 271

Table 39.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1993–94—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Dentistry specialties ........................................................................ 0 0 0 346 251 95 42 32 10

Dental services ............................................................................... 915 27 888 42 20 22 0 0 0

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 271 106 165 111 43 68

Health services administration, total ............................................... 3,635 899 2,736 3,525 1,219 2,306 80 30 50

Health services administration .................................................... 1,815 474 1,341 1,807 683 1,124 47 18 29

Medical records administration ................................................... 699 93 606 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 1 0 1 3 2 1 2 2 0

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 1,120 332 788 1,715 534 1,181 31 10 21

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 1,015 497 518 178 54 124 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 924 479 445 160 49 111 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, other .......................................... 90 18 72 18 5 13 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 1,459 553 906 95 68 27 2 2 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 417 184 233 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 1,042 369 673 95 68 27 2 2 0

Medical laboratory technologies, total ............................................ 2,763 856 1,907 481 185 296 80 33 47

Medical technology ..................................................................... 2,393 725 1,668 75 26 49 4 3 1

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 370 131 239 406 159 247 76 30 46

Pre-dentistry studies ....................................................................... 70 46 24 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ...................................................................... 756 438 318 23 5 18 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ..................................................................... 52 25 27 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ..................................................................... 314 101 213 3 1 2 0 0 0

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 245 94 151 261 136 125 335 201 134

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 546 103 443 384 89 295 31 7 24

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 69 22 47 62 18 44 1 0 1

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 127 26 101 36 11 25 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 119 22 97 103 31 72 30 7 23

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 231 33 198 183 29 154 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 39,076 3,735 35,341 8,991 599 8,392 382 24 358

Optometry ....................................................................................... 221 95 126 18 4 14 1 1 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 6,044 2,235 3,809 243 134 109 278 144 134

Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 7,169 1,531 5,638 4,433 1,084 3,349 34 15 19

Art therapy ................................................................................... 74 1 73 164 9 155 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 2 0 2 30 1 29 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 144 21 123 18 4 14 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 2,652 305 2,347 619 58 561 4 0 4

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 58 46 12 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,265 903 2,362 2,583 734 1,849 4 1 3

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 137 28 109 22 2 20 1 0 1

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 155 45 110 640 175 465 8 6 2

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 682 182 500 357 101 256 17 8 9

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 87 33 54 178 95 83 117 75 42

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 436 205 231 249 122 127 35 23 12

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 3,627 1,199 2,428 3,952 1,390 2,562 280 138 142

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 15,522 1,933 13,589 2,421 405 2,016 365 93 272

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 14,874 1,616 13,258 2,379 401 1,978 361 93 268

Home economics, general .............................................................. 2,801 206 2,595 284 22 262 28 4 24

Home economics business services .............................................. 155 14 141 1 0 1 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 179 23 156 58 10 48 3 1 2

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 1,327 437 890 60 5 55 21 3 18

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 2,967 391 2,576 519 65 454 55 23 32

Housing studies .............................................................................. 583 97 486 18 3 15 2 1 1

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 5,051 362 4,689 1,295 274 1,021 225 56 169

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 1,699 81 1,618 107 19 88 24 4 20

Home economics, other .................................................................. 112 5 107 37 3 34 3 1 2

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 648 317 331 42 4 38 4 0 4

Child care and guidance management .......................................... 148 8 140 40 4 36 3 0 3

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 498 308 190 2 0 2 1 0 1

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 2,171 648 1,523 2,432 1,608 824 79 63 16

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 239 120 119 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 1,028 154 874 97 70 27 36 31 5

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 904 374 530 2,335 1,538 797 43 32 11

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 33,397 13,117 20,280 2,496 913 1,583 80 46 34

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 20,963 7,597 13,366 1,633 589 1,044 25 12 13

Humanities/humanistic studies ....................................................... 2,796 949 1,847 504 203 301 44 24 20

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 9,638 4,571 5,067 359 121 238 11 10 1

Library science, total .............................................................................. 62 5 57 5,116 1,040 4,076 45 14 31

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 61 5 56 4,995 1,013 3,982 45 14 31

Library science, other ..................................................................... 1 0 1 121 27 94 0 0 0

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 14,396 7,735 6,661 4,100 2,536 1,564 1,157 904 253

Mathematics .................................................................................... 12,517 6,539 5,978 2,400 1,446 954 818 648 170

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 1,012 622 390 770 556 214 147 115 32

Applied mathematics, general and other .................................... 787 481 306 352 257 95 115 91 24

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 225 141 84 418 299 119 32 24 8

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 534 343 191 829 480 349 178 131 47
272 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 39.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1993–94—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 333 231 102 101 54 47 14 10 4

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 25,167 9,058 16,109 2,464 1,194 1,270 227 151 76

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,191 1,141 1,050 231 136 95 24 15 9

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 112 72 40 226 150 76 11 10 1

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 4 1 3 107 21 86 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 22,860 7,844 15,016 1,900 887 1,013 192 126 66

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 11,470 5,823 5,647 1,625 845 780 116 70 46

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 2,197 966 1,231 244 110 134 21 11 10

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,709 1,287 1,422 234 113 121 18 9 9

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 6,242 3,385 2,857 1,130 612 518 75 48 27

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 322 185 137 17 10 7 2 2 0

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 7,546 4,844 2,702 1,350 837 513 528 383 145

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 4,691 3,218 1,473 727 508 219 301 217 84

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,486 1,425 1,061 563 315 248 221 162 59

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 369 201 168 60 14 46 6 4 2

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 18,400 12,223 6,177 5,679 4,018 1,661 4,650 3,642 1,008

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 18,295 12,164 6,131 5,670 4,015 1,655 4,634 3,626 1,008

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 353 236 117 47 35 12 0 0 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 88 62 26 93 68 25 74 63 11

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 75 55 20 36 30 6 26 20 6

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 405 329 76 197 150 47 91 74 17

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 9,425 5,591 3,834 1,999 1,173 826 2,353 1,691 662

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 9,138 5,409 3,729 1,850 1,089 761 2,149 1,531 618

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 0 0 0 26 16 10 14 12 2

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 3 3 0 10 8 2

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 8 3 5 17 8 9 16 14 2

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 8 5 3 31 8 23 55 36 19

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 271 174 97 72 49 23 109 90 19

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 2,677 1,766 911 937 645 292 422 345 77

Geology ....................................................................................... 2,482 1,639 843 798 549 249 344 283 61

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 8 5 3 3 3 0 5 5 0

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 50 35 15 62 45 17 53 44 9

Geological and related sciences, other ...................................... 137 87 50 74 48 26 20 13 7

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 852 596 256 357 246 111 166 121 45

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 2 0 2 7 6 1 1 1 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 197 142 55 148 99 49 77 58 19

Earth and planetary sciences ..................................................... 582 425 157 136 100 36 78 59 19

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 71 29 42 66 41 25 10 3 7

Physics, total ................................................................................... 4,001 3,292 709 1,945 1,650 295 1,465 1,285 180

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,717 3,063 654 1,791 1,518 273 1,321 1,156 165

Physics, other .............................................................................. 284 229 55 154 132 22 144 129 15

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 419 237 182 59 18 41 37 27 10

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 105 59 46 9 3 6 16 16 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 420 308 112 2 0 2 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 145 125 20 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 275 183 92 2 0 2 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 23,009 14,169 8,840 1,437 902 535 25 14 11

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 22,745 13,920 8,825 1,405 871 534 25 14 11

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 705 388 317 50 36 14 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 7,267 4,490 2,777 539 340 199 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 11,702 6,959 4,743 678 426 252 25 14 11

Forensic studies .......................................................................... 158 96 62 56 30 26 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,799 1,317 482 53 28 25 0 0 0

Criminal justice, other ................................................................. 1,114 670 444 29 11 18 0 0 0

Fire control and safety .................................................................... 229 221 8 22 21 1 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 35 28 7 10 10 0 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 69,259 18,642 50,617 12,181 3,401 8,780 3,563 1,346 2,217

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 65,559 17,662 47,897 4,644 1,432 3,212 1,618 652 966

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 48 10 38 1,368 366 1,002 1,206 413 793

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 261 58 203 3,560 871 2,689 296 111 185

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 755 77 678 116 25 91 56 12 44

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 227 61 166 97 41 56 65 30 35

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 134 33 101 352 116 236 45 18 27

Physiological psychology/psychobiology ........................................ 189 70 119 2 0 2 22 6 16

Social psychology ........................................................................... 240 54 186 99 31 68 35 15 20

School psychology .......................................................................... 0 0 0 702 130 572 87 37 50

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 1,846 617 1,229 1,241 389 852 133 52 81

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 17,815 3,919 13,896 21,833 6,406 15,427 519 238 281

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,600 1,335 1,265 6,698 3,421 3,277 148 98 50

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,339 314 1,025 265 91 174 5 0 5

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 424 211 213 777 402 375 80 51 29

Social work ..................................................................................... 13,016 1,853 11,163 13,738 2,353 11,385 259 79 180

Public affairs, other ......................................................................... 436 206 230 355 139 216 27 10 17

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 19 16 3 124 117 7 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 133,680 72,006 61,674 14,561 8,152 6,409 3,627 2,317 1,310

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 7,375 3,122 4,253 527 226 301 69 37 32

Anthropology ................................................................................... 5,502 2,009 3,493 962 371 591 383 179 204
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 273

Table 39.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1993–94—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Archeology ...................................................................................... 120 43 77 27 8 19 21 8 13

Criminology ..................................................................................... 2,181 1,272 909 102 61 41 12 8 4

Demography and population studies .............................................. 2 1 1 34 15 19 12 9 3

Economics ...................................................................................... 19,496 13,747 5,749 2,521 1,697 824 869 660 209

Geography, total ............................................................................. 4,449 3,011 1,438 723 481 242 141 105 36

Geography ................................................................................... 4,401 2,971 1,430 720 479 241 141 105 36

Cartography ................................................................................. 48 40 8 3 2 1 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 27,503 17,260 10,243 3,009 1,824 1,185 752 472 280

International relations and affairs ................................................... 5,860 2,547 3,313 1,995 1,089 906 85 67 18

Political science and government, general ..................................... 36,097 20,741 15,356 2,147 1,348 799 616 438 178

Sociology ........................................................................................ 22,368 7,114 15,254 1,639 636 1,003 530 261 269

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 709 366 343 377 183 194 58 30 28

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,018 773 1,245 498 213 285 79 43 36

Theological studies and religious vocations, total ................................. 5,434 4,125 1,309 4,956 3,034 1,922 1,448 1,235 213

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 57 53 4 50 20 30 8 7 1

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,390 1,086 304 285 239 46 34 31 3

Missions/missionary studies and misology ..................................... 323 190 133 189 126 63 37 37 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 923 546 377 964 550 414 52 36 16

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 156 88 68 138 88 50 9 7 2

Theology/theological studies .......................................................... 2,121 1,826 295 2,396 1,521 875 921 797 124

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 163 124 39 560 236 324 205 172 33

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 301 212 89 374 254 120 182 148 34

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 3,923 3,500 423 664 610 54 0 0 0

Air transportation workers ............................................................... 3,594 3,202 392 657 603 54 0 0 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 305 278 27 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 24 20 4 7 7 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 49,053 19,538 29,515 9,925 4,229 5,696 1,054 585 469

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,571 676 895 114 45 69 9 5 4

Crafts, folk art, and artisanry .......................................................... 108 32 76 8 5 3 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 813 75 738 184 24 160 14 2 12

Design and applied art ................................................................... 8,077 3,148 4,929 462 188 274 1 0 1

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 6,117 2,452 3,665 1,283 607 676 104 55 49

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 2,652 1,641 1,011 583 331 252 12 8 4

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 918 634 284 244 133 111 4 2 2

Photography ................................................................................ 961 495 466 151 86 65 1 1 0

Film arts, other ............................................................................ 773 512 261 188 112 76 7 5 2

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 20,865 7,136 13,729 3,363 1,240 2,123 177 67 110

Art, general .................................................................................. 11,422 4,152 7,270 1,020 429 591 27 11 16

Art history, criticism and conservation ........................................ 3,006 609 2,397 645 138 507 141 55 86

Arts management ........................................................................ 117 23 94 119 26 93 0 0 0

Painting ....................................................................................... 811 335 476 202 93 109 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 181 69 112 48 25 23 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 109 8 101 34 3 31 1 0 1

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 84 14 70 25 9 16 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 5,135 1,926 3,209 1,270 517 753 8 1 7

Music, total ...................................................................................... 8,268 4,151 4,117 3,619 1,697 1,922 708 438 270

Music, general ............................................................................. 4,149 2,003 2,146 1,209 585 624 308 191 117

Music history and literature ......................................................... 70 32 38 41 16 25 26 14 12

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,728 1,282 1,446 1,849 850 999 232 135 97

Music theory and composition .................................................... 244 190 54 161 105 56 71 52 19

Music, other ................................................................................. 1,077 644 433 359 141 218 71 46 25

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 582 227 355 309 92 217 29 10 19

Not classified by field of study ............................................................... 3,302 1,618 1,684 1,651 730 921 36 21 15

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared November 1995.)
274 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 40.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1994–95

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields ......................................................................................... 1,160,134 526,131 634,003 397,629 178,598 219,031 44,446 26,916 17,530

Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................. 19,841 12,692 7,149 4,252 2,551 1,701 1,264 962 302

Agricultural business and production, total ........................................ 5,046 3,593 1,453 660 434 226 218 162 56

Agricultural business and management, total ................................ 3,420 2,472 948 519 339 180 180 139 41

Agricultural business and management, general ....................... 875 619 256 48 29 19 0 0 0

Agricultural business/agribusiness operations ............................ 1,032 757 275 29 16 13 11 10 1

Agricultural economics ................................................................ 1,346 958 388 433 288 145 169 129 40

Agricultural business and management, other ........................... 167 138 29 9 6 3 0 0 0

Agricultural mechanization .............................................................. 253 229 24 6 5 1 0 0 0

Agricultural production workers and managers .............................. 160 118 42 50 42 8 16 12 4

Horticulture service operations and management .......................... 492 340 152 31 17 14 9 3 6

International agriculture .................................................................. 21 13 8 10 5 5 0 0 0

Agricultural business and production, other ................................... 700 421 279 44 26 18 13 8 5

Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................. 6,818 3,928 2,890 1,541 888 653 712 541 171

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, general ....................................... 1,045 730 315 154 98 56 4 4 0

Animal sciences, total ..................................................................... 3,207 1,556 1,651 396 226 170 196 158 38

Animal sciences, general ............................................................ 2,696 1,269 1,427 270 150 120 141 110 31

Agricultural animal breeding and genetics .................................. 19 7 12 5 2 3 13 12 1

Agricultural animal health ............................................................ 14 5 9 8 4 4 0 0 0

Agricultural animal nutrition ......................................................... 0 0 0 9 1 8 9 8 1

Dairy science ............................................................................... 81 54 27 32 23 9 9 8 1

Poultry science ............................................................................ 141 115 26 26 15 11 7 6 1

Animal sciences, other ................................................................ 256 106 150 46 31 15 17 14 3

Food sciences and technology ....................................................... 498 186 312 322 136 186 128 74 54

Plant sciences, total ........................................................................ 1,771 1,251 520 526 341 185 312 251 61

Plant sciences, general ............................................................... 280 187 93 74 44 30 36 26 10

Agronomy and crop science ....................................................... 588 504 84 185 137 48 160 134 26

Horticulture science ..................................................................... 532 313 219 146 77 69 65 46 19

Plant breeding and genetics ....................................................... 0 0 0 13 9 4 15 14 1

Agricultural plant pathology ......................................................... 9 6 3 9 5 4 4 4 0

Plant protection (pest management) ........................................... 26 22 4 19 14 5 5 4 1

Range science and management ............................................... 243 157 86 44 31 13 17 14 3

Plant sciences, other ................................................................... 93 62 31 36 24 12 10 9 1

Soil sciences ................................................................................... 155 113 42 101 64 37 63 46 17

Agriculture/agricultural sciences, other ........................................... 142 92 50 42 23 19 9 8 1

Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ....................... 7,977 5,171 2,806 2,051 1,229 822 334 259 75

Natural resources conservation, general ........................................ 4,310 2,531 1,779 1,158 638 520 95 75 20

Natural resources management and policy .................................... 438 280 158 84 50 34 4 4 0

Fishing and fisheries sciences and management .......................... 206 161 45 106 83 23 24 22 2

Forest harvesting and production technology/technician ............... 267 189 78 38 28 10 22 18 4

Forestry, general ............................................................................. 1,289 1,012 277 468 293 175 154 114 40

Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................... 1,084 758 326 152 109 43 25 20 5

Conservation and renewable natural resources, other .................. 383 240 143 45 28 17 10 6 4

Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 8,756 5,741 3,015 3,923 2,310 1,613 141 95 46

Architecture ..................................................................................... 5,122 3,675 1,447 1,969 1,282 687 37 26 11

City/urban, community, and regional planning ............................... 521 381 140 1,285 696 589 76 47 29

Architectural environmental design ................................................ 727 455 272 63 19 44 5 4 1

Interior architecture ......................................................................... 771 111 660 7 0 7 0 0 0

Landscape architecture .................................................................. 1,016 727 289 359 167 192 3 2 1

Architectural urban design and planning ........................................ 0 0 0 79 57 22 3 2 1

Architecture and related programs, other ....................................... 599 392 207 161 89 72 17 14 3

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 5,706 2,092 3,614 1,639 765 874 186 80 106

Area studies, total ........................................................................... 3,827 1,539 2,288 1,173 542 631 138 68 70

African studies ............................................................................. 40 15 25 18 12 6 2 1 1

American studies/civilization ....................................................... 1,591 614 977 247 89 158 73 34 39

Latin American studies ................................................................ 400 148 252 233 113 120 10 5 5

Middle Eastern studies ................................................................ 98 55 43 81 38 43 20 13 7

Russian and Slavic studies ......................................................... 214 80 134 118 53 65 0 0 0

Asian studies ............................................................................... 813 401 412 295 135 160 22 10 12

European studies ........................................................................ 230 87 143 79 39 40 3 1 2

Area studies, other ...................................................................... 441 139 302 102 63 39 8 4 4

Ethnic and cultural studies, total .................................................... 1,659 475 1,184 276 97 179 40 11 29

Afro-American (black) studies ..................................................... 516 191 325 71 28 43 10 4 6

Hispanic-American studies .......................................................... 142 57 85 14 6 8 0 0 0

Women’s studies ......................................................................... 533 10 523 62 2 60 11 0 11

Ethnic studies, other ................................................................... 468 217 251 129 61 68 19 7 12

Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other .......................................... 220 78 142 190 126 64 8 1 7

Biological sciences/life sciences, total ................................................... 55,984 26,687 29,297 5,393 2,602 2,791 4,645 2,771 1,874

Biology, general .............................................................................. 41,658 19,499 22,159 2,350 1,155 1,195 729 436 293

Biochemistry and biophysics .......................................................... 2,889 1,570 1,319 339 175 164 703 422 281

Botany, total .................................................................................... 315 154 161 224 114 110 244 169 75

Botany, general ........................................................................... 293 142 151 139 70 69 126 83 43

Plant pathology ........................................................................... 5 3 2 71 38 33 74 59 15

Botany, other ............................................................................... 17 9 8 14 6 8 44 27 17

Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................... 1,759 938 821 157 73 84 521 290 231

Cell biology .................................................................................. 202 108 94 51 23 28 142 78 64
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 275

Table 40.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1994–95—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Molecular biology ........................................................................ 631 345 286 74 32 42 245 139 106

Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................... 926 485 441 32 18 14 134 73 61

Microbiology/bacteriology ............................................................... 1,908 925 983 295 132 163 443 253 190

Miscellaneous biological specializations, total ............................... 2,717 1,267 1,450 1,202 494 708 1,046 605 441

Anatomy ...................................................................................... 81 48 33 63 34 29 92 48 44

Ecology ........................................................................................ 732 372 360 205 106 99 95 66 29

Marine/aquatic biology ................................................................ 687 338 349 88 48 40 39 29 10

Neurosciences ............................................................................. 193 106 87 49 35 14 188 111 77

Nutritional sciences ..................................................................... 372 94 278 266 36 230 104 40 64

Toxicology ................................................................................... 56 27 29 74 35 39 83 49 34

Genetics, plant and animal ......................................................... 179 74 105 131 43 88 223 133 90

Biometrics .................................................................................... 15 9 6 38 18 20 15 9 6

Miscellaneous specialized areas, other ...................................... 402 199 203 288 139 149 207 120 87

Zoology, total .................................................................................. 3,206 1,572 1,634 689 392 297 767 478 289

Zoology, general ......................................................................... 2,667 1,286 1,381 198 99 99 164 104 60

Entomology ................................................................................. 61 41 20 137 94 43 122 95 27

Pathology, human and animal .................................................... 8 0 8 52 18 34 89 55 34

Pharmacology, human and animal ............................................. 49 28 21 53 22 31 192 105 87

Physiology, human and animal ................................................... 412 211 201 249 159 90 200 119 81

Zoology, other ............................................................................. 9 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Biological sciences/life sciences, other .......................................... 1,532 762 770 137 67 70 192 118 74

Business management, administrative services and

marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 234,323 121,898 112,425 93,809 59,109 34,700 1,394 1,014 380

Business management and administrative services, total ................. 229,286 119,878 109,408 93,050 58,670 34,380 1,385 1,012 373

Business, general ........................................................................... 23,603 12,506 11,097 11,150 7,433 3,717 228 164 64

Business administration and management, total ........................... 85,641 45,105 40,536 52,990 33,890 19,100 738 542 196

Office supervision and management .......................................... 847 97 750 0 0 0 0 0 0

Operations management and supervision .................................. 1,902 1,310 592 461 351 110 6 6 0

Business administration and management, other ...................... 82,892 43,698 39,194 52,529 33,539 18,990 732 536 196

Accounting ...................................................................................... 43,940 19,235 24,705 4,494 2,377 2,117 54 35 19

Secretarial and related programs ................................................... 334 58 276 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business/managerial economics .................................................... 2,988 1,845 1,143 228 164 64 57 44 13

Small business management and ownership ................................. 415 277 138 56 36 20 0 0 0

Finance, general and banking and financial support services ....... 20,427 13,741 6,686 5,267 3,788 1,479 56 52 4

Actuarial sciences ........................................................................... 285 169 116 73 44 29 0 0 0

Insurance and risk management .................................................... 555 336 219 83 52 31 7 6 1

Investments and securities and financial planning ......................... 296 168 128 307 222 85 0 0 0

Hospitality services management ................................................... 5,553 2,542 3,011 457 217 240 1 1 0

Human resources management ..................................................... 5,129 2,028 3,101 1,943 800 1,143 25 16 9

Labor/personnel relations and studies ........................................... 905 456 449 736 298 438 22 15 7

Organizational behavior studies ..................................................... 1,102 490 612 308 118 190 35 12 23

International business ..................................................................... 2,988 1,517 1,471 2,956 1,817 1,139 10 8 2

Business information systems, total ............................................... 6,166 3,707 2,459 2,406 1,673 733 29 20 9

Management information systems and data processing, general ........................................................................................... 5,788 3,462 2,326 2,012 1,408 604 26 17 9

Business information systems, other .......................................... 378 245 133 394 265 129 3 3 0

Quantitative methods and management science, total .................. 1,759 978 781 1,308 882 426 31 24 7

Business statistics ....................................................................... 32 11 21 30 14 16 4 2 2

Management science, other ........................................................ 1,727 967 760 1,278 868 410 27 22 5

Marketing management and research ............................................ 22,062 11,862 10,200 1,893 985 908 40 32 8

Real estate ...................................................................................... 484 347 137 275 197 78 0 0 0

Taxation .......................................................................................... 0 0 0 1,607 929 678 0 0 0

Consumer and personal services ................................................... 253 160 93 0 0 0 0 0 0

Business management and administrative services, other ............ 4,401 2,351 2,050 4,513 2,748 1,765 52 41 11

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, total ...................... 5,037 2,020 3,017 759 439 320 9 2 7

Apparel and accessories marketing operations ............................. 1,223 48 1,175 0 0 3 4 0 4

Business and personal services marketing operations .................. 340 158 182 8 4 4 0 0 0

General/retailing and wholesaling operations and skills ................ 2,660 1,331 1,329 514 272 242 5 2 3

Transportation and travel marketing ............................................... 188 56 132 15 6 9 0 0 0

Marketing and distribution, other .................................................... 626 427 199 219 157 62 0 0 0

Communications and communications technologies, total .................... 48,803 20,404 28,399 5,609 2,108 3,501 321 162 159

Communications, total ........................................................................ 48,104 20,028 28,076 5,142 1,869 3,273 320 162 158

Communications, general ............................................................... 22,894 9,176 13,718 1,927 656 1,271 222 105 117

Advertising ...................................................................................... 2,791 1,175 1,616 244 87 157 1 1 0

Journalism ....................................................................................... 9,501 3,532 5,969 1,438 514 924 21 14 7

Broadcast journalism ...................................................................... 554 217 337 8 0 8 0 0 0

Public relations and organizational communications ..................... 2,190 689 1,501 277 62 215 0 0 0

Radio and television broadcasting ................................................. 5,438 3,065 2,373 335 160 175 12 9 3

Communications, other ................................................................... 4,736 2,174 2,562 913 390 523 64 33 31

Communications technologies, total .................................................. 699 376 323 467 239 228 1 0 1

Photographic technology ................................................................ 18 6 12 0 0 0 0 0 0

Radio and television technology ..................................................... 567 307 260 349 170 179 1 0 1

Communications technologies, other ............................................. 114 63 51 118 69 49 0 0 0

Computer and information sciences, total ............................................. 24,404 17,463 6,941 10,326 7,627 2,699 884 723 161

Computer and information sciences, general ................................. 15,606 11,558 4,048 7,402 5,610 1,792 723 601 122

Computer programming .................................................................. 239 172 67 10 7 3 0 0 0
276 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 40.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1994–95—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Data processing technology/technician .......................................... 196 108 88 0 0 0 0 0 0

Information science and systems ................................................... 4,042 2,435 1,607 1,349 856 493 28 19 9

Computer systems analysis ............................................................ 222 153 69 56 39 17 6 6 0

Computer and information sciences, other .................................... 4,099 3,037 1,062 1,509 1,115 394 127 97 30

Education, total ...................................................................................... 106,079 25,641 80,438 101,242 23,806 77,436 6,905 2,621 4,284

Education, general .......................................................................... 1,801 322 1,479 10,995 2,631 8,364 1,262 451 811

Bilingual/bicultural education .......................................................... 74 11 63 286 51 235 12 3 9

Curriculum and instruction .............................................................. 17 14 3 8,898 1,679 7,219 778 243 535

Education administration and supervision, total ............................. 117 23 94 10,957 4,233 6,724 2,179 951 1,228

Education administration and supervision, general .................... 5 0 5 7,488 2,953 4,535 1,585 701 884

Administration of special education ............................................ 0 0 0 8 2 6 4 1 3

Adult and continuing education administration ........................... 0 0 0 126 33 93 54 16 38

Educational supervision .............................................................. 0 0 0 613 167 446 21 6 15

Elementary, middle, and secondary education administration ... 111 23 88 1,440 579 861 46 25 21

Higher education administration ................................................. 0 0 0 480 183 297 337 147 190

Community and junior college education administration ............ 0 0 0 68 20 48 1 1 0

Education administration and supervision, other ........................ 1 0 1 734 296 438 131 54 77

Educational/instructional media design .......................................... 30 15 15 1,058 288 770 60 31 29

Educational evaluation and research, general ............................... 41 10 31 34 16 18 11 5 6

Educational statistics and research methods ................................. 1 0 1 30 14 16 21 7 14

Educational assessment, testing and measurement ...................... 0 0 0 132 25 107 23 9 14

Social and philosophical foundations of education ........................ 8 2 6 286 80 206 96 42 54

Special education, total .................................................................. 9,780 925 8,855 10,698 1,525 9,173 214 51 163

Special education, general .......................................................... 6,677 710 5,967 8,688 1,283 7,405 193 47 146

Education of the deaf and hearing impaired .............................. 259 6 253 217 25 192 0 0 0

Education of the gifted and talented ........................................... 1 0 1 138 19 119 7 1 6

Education of the emotionally handicapped ................................. 312 38 274 231 47 184 2 0 2

Education of the mentally handicapped ...................................... 578 36 542 123 13 110 1 0 1

Education of the multiple handicapped ....................................... 142 13 129 214 25 189 4 1 3

Education of the physically handicapped ................................... 38 6 32 60 6 54 0 0 0

Education of the blind and visually handicapped ....................... 40 6 34 11 1 10 0 0 0

Education of the specific learning disabled ................................ 633 48 585 549 50 499 5 2 3

Education of the speech impaired .............................................. 798 36 762 218 12 206 0 0 0

Special education, other ............................................................. 302 26 276 249 44 205 2 0 2

Counselor education/counseling and guidance services ............... 26 5 21 12,621 2,727 9,894 344 113 231

General teacher education, total .................................................... 59,210 7,483 51,727 23,494 4,210 19,284 441 136 305

Adult and continuing education ................................................... 46 17 29 951 277 674 198 77 121

Elementary education ................................................................. 46,840 5,106 41,734 13,256 1,598 11,658 71 8 63

Junior high/intermediate/middle school education ...................... 1,397 295 1,102 615 112 503 0 0 0

Pre-elementary/early childhood/kindergarten education ............. 6,236 178 6,058 2,021 47 1,974 29 0 29

Secondary education .................................................................. 4,150 1,828 2,322 4,123 1,557 2,566 66 22 44

Teacher education, general programs, other ............................. 541 59 482 2,528 619 1,909 77 29 48

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs ............... 33,711 16,301 17,410 16,209 5,093 11,116 839 373 466

Agricultural education (vocational) .............................................. 424 290 134 247 150 97 39 22 17

Art education ............................................................................... 1,484 350 1,134 731 130 601 23 8 15

Business education (vocational) ................................................. 1,237 317 920 430 139 291 12 8 4

Driver and safety education ........................................................ 56 46 10 62 44 18 1 1 0

English education ........................................................................ 2,812 623 2,189 901 202 699 26 10 16

Foreign languages education ...................................................... 284 43 241 255 48 207 19 8 11

Health education ......................................................................... 1,746 484 1,262 868 198 670 95 22 73

Home economics education (vocational) .................................... 262 8 254 125 5 120 12 0 12

Technology/industrial arts education .......................................... 1,447 1,233 214 413 284 129 15 9 6

Marketing operations/marketing and distribution education ....... 108 48 60 19 7 12 0 0 0

Mathematics education ............................................................... 1,756 667 1,089 837 291 546 50 23 27

Music education .......................................................................... 2,747 1,129 1,618 749 319 430 103 54 49

Physical education and coaching ............................................... 11,829 7,096 4,733 2,961 1,557 1,404 162 94 68

Reading education ...................................................................... 158 16 142 3,723 230 3,493 61 6 55

Science education ....................................................................... 1,126 506 620 730 304 426 44 18 26

Social science education ............................................................ 875 492 383 103 44 59 4 2 2

Social studies education ............................................................. 2,192 1,298 894 499 281 218 4 1 3

Technical education (vocational) ................................................ 192 139 53 309 125 184 41 21 20

Trade and industrial education (vocational) ................................ 971 702 269 435 198 237 70 39 31

Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other . 2,005 814 1,191 1,812 537 1,275 58 27 31

Teaching English as a second language/foreign language ........... 45 11 34 1,634 314 1,320 16 7 9

Education, other .............................................................................. 1,218 519 699 3,910 920 2,990 609 199 410

Engineering and engineering-related technologies, total ...................... 78,154 65,933 12,221 29,670 24,836 4,834 6,128 5,399 729

Engineering, total ............................................................................... 62,342 51,646 10,696 28,553 23,935 4,618 6,110 5,383 727

Engineering, general ....................................................................... 2,041 1,711 330 1,401 1,145 256 238 205 33

Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering ............... 1,771 1,541 230 821 722 99 229 217 12

Agricultural engineering .................................................................. 591 486 105 160 132 28 86 78 8

Architectural engineering ................................................................ 558 438 120 25 23 2 4 4 0

Bioengineering and biomedical engineering .................................. 913 618 295 480 362 118 175 133 42

Ceramic sciences and engineering ................................................ 191 151 40 88 64 24 57 48 9

Chemical engineering ..................................................................... 5,901 3,988 1,913 1,085 822 263 571 475 96

Civil engineering ............................................................................. 9,927 8,007 1,920 4,077 3,315 762 625 554 71

Computer engineering .................................................................... 2,345 2,057 288 1,040 838 202 140 125 15

Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering ............... 14,929 13,089 1,840 7,693 6,694 999 1,543 1,380 163
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 277

Table 40.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1994–95—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Engineering mechanics .................................................................. 131 109 22 151 130 21 75 72 3

Engineering physics ........................................................................ 263 222 41 63 50 13 44 40 4

Engineering science ....................................................................... 279 215 64 326 259 67 48 43 5

Environmental/environmental health engineering .......................... 641 432 209 1,056 776 280 45 32 13

Geological engineering ................................................................... 125 97 28 40 31 9 13 12 1

Geophysical engineering ................................................................ 19 16 3 6 6 0 2 2 0

Industrial/manufacturing engineering .............................................. 3,147 2,222 925 2,061 1,664 397 296 243 53

Material engineering ....................................................................... 501 371 130 506 388 118 363 299 64

Mechanical engineering .................................................................. 14,794 13,141 1,653 4,213 3,784 429 890 833 57

Metallurgical engineering ................................................................ 268 211 57 165 144 21 92 80 12

Mining and mineral engineering ..................................................... 121 108 13 72 63 9 15 15 0

Naval architecture and marine engineering ................................... 278 265 13 30 24 6 6 5 1

Nuclear engineering ........................................................................ 247 222 25 264 236 28 111 100 11

Ocean engineering ......................................................................... 152 125 27 109 96 13 28 25 3

Petroleum engineering .................................................................... 303 265 38 200 177 23 51 50 1

Systems engineering ...................................................................... 349 278 71 404 325 79 34 32 2

Textile sciences and engineering ................................................... 68 39 29 28 19 9 6 2 4

Engineering, other .......................................................................... 1,489 1,222 267 1,989 1,646 343 323 279 44

Engineering-related technologies, total .............................................. 15,812 14,287 1,525 1,117 901 216 18 16 2

Architectural engineering technologies ........................................... 574 498 76 0 0 0 0 0 0

Civil technologies ............................................................................ 474 434 40 0 0 0 0 0 0

Electrical and electronic technologies ............................................ 4,272 3,966 306 29 26 3 0 0 0

Electromechanical instrumentation and maintenance

technologies ................................................................................ 179 167 12 17 16 1 4 4 0

Environmental control technologies ................................................ 268 207 61 110 77 33 0 0 0

Industrial production technologies .................................................. 4,011 3,542 469 224 196 28 8 6 2

Quality control and safety technologies ......................................... 554 451 103 352 268 84 0 0 0

Mechanical and related technologies ............................................. 1,729 1,620 109 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mining and petroleum technologies ................................................ 14 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Surveying ........................................................................................ 165 149 16 21 18 3 6 6 0

Mechanics and repairers ................................................................ 66 63 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

Construction trades ......................................................................... 113 91 22 7 4 3 0 0 0

Engineering and related technologies, other .................................. 3,393 3,085 308 357 296 61 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, total ......................................... 51,901 17,810 34,091 7,845 2,764 5,081 1,561 665 896

English language and literature, general ........................................ 39,170 13,094 26,076 5,439 1,906 3,533 1,100 458 642

Comparative literature .................................................................... 731 229 502 233 92 141 168 76 92

English composition ........................................................................ 301 118 183 24 10 14 6 1 5

English creative writing ................................................................... 947 396 551 898 365 533 9 6 3

American literature (United States) ................................................ 38 13 25 18 8 10 9 5 4

English literature (British and Commonwealth) .............................. 1,059 374 685 258 98 160 93 41 52

Speech and rhetorical studies ........................................................ 8,045 2,999 5,046 731 209 522 132 60 72

English technical and business writing ........................................... 166 59 107 137 44 93 0 0 0

English language and literature/letters, other ................................. 1,444 528 916 107 32 75 44 18 26

Foreign languages and literatures, total ................................................ 13,775 4,243 9,532 3,136 995 2,141 905 395 510

Foreign languages and literatures, total ......................................... 1,504 430 1,074 935 286 649 251 127 124

Foreign languages and literatures, general ................................ 940 277 663 333 100 233 57 26 31

Linguistics .................................................................................... 564 153 411 602 186 416 194 101 93

East and Southeast Asian languages and literatures, total ........... 536 303 233 118 34 84 25 15 10

Chinese ....................................................................................... 107 65 42 63 16 47 16 9 7

Japanese ..................................................................................... 314 169 145 33 8 25 1 0 1

East and Southeast Asian languages, other .............................. 115 69 46 22 10 12 8 6 2

East European languages and literatures, total ............................. 629 277 352 155 61 94 41 26 15

Russian languages ...................................................................... 572 252 320 66 30 36 3 3 0

Slavic languages (other than Russian) ....................................... 55 23 32 78 26 52 36 21 15

East European languages, other ................................................ 2 2 0 11 5 6 2 2 0

Germanic languages and literatures, total ..................................... 1,395 577 818 305 113 192 92 33 59

German ....................................................................................... 1,352 561 791 278 100 178 83 29 54

Scandinavian languages ............................................................. 27 9 18 7 4 3 4 1 3

Germanic languages, other ......................................................... 16 7 9 20 9 11 5 3 2

South Asian languages and literatures .......................................... 3 1 2 2 1 1 5 3 2

Romance languages and literatures, total ...................................... 8,718 2,199 6,519 1,344 352 992 387 135 252

French ......................................................................................... 2,764 555 2,209 470 119 351 118 40 78

Italian ........................................................................................... 271 70 201 69 14 55 31 9 22

Portuguese .................................................................................. 25 18 7 8 5 3 3 0 3

Spanish ....................................................................................... 5,602 1,543 4,059 709 188 521 161 64 97

Romance languages, other ......................................................... 56 13 43 88 26 62 74 22 52

Middle Eastern languages and literatures, total ............................. 88 32 56 49 27 22 19 12 7

Arabic .......................................................................................... 10 4 6 1 0 1 1 0 1

Hebrew ........................................................................................ 57 18 39 30 17 13 7 5 2

Middle East languages, other ..................................................... 21 10 11 18 10 8 11 7 4

Classical and ancient Near East languages and literatures, total . 722 357 365 169 100 69 54 28 26

Classics ....................................................................................... 595 292 303 151 91 60 50 26 24

Greek (ancient and medieval) ..................................................... 35 20 15 6 2 4 2 0 2

Latin (ancient and medieval) ....................................................... 92 45 47 12 7 5 2 2 0

Foreign languages, other ................................................................ 180 67 113 59 21 38 31 16 15

Health professions and related sciences, total ...................................... 79,855 14,443 65,412 31,243 6,754 24,489 2,069 867 1,202

Communication disorders sciences and services .......................... 5,940 308 5,632 4,655 233 4,422 105 27 78
278 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 40.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1994–95—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Community health liaison ............................................................... 731 147 584 162 37 125 0 0 0

Dentistry .......................................................................................... 24 16 8 389 259 130 51 20 31

Dental services ............................................................................... 909 23 886 50 24 26 1 0 1

Epidemiology .................................................................................. 0 0 0 299 129 170 94 34 60

Health services administration, total ............................................... 3,872 964 2,908 3,871 1,377 2,494 60 33 27

Health services administration .................................................... 1,948 523 1,425 2,163 825 1,338 38 21 17

Medical records administration ................................................... 756 94 662 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical records technology/technician ....................................... 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 3 1

Health and medical administrative services, other ..................... 1,168 347 821 1,707 551 1,156 18 9 9

Health and medical assistants, total ............................................... 1,305 612 693 375 139 236 0 0 0

Medical assistant ......................................................................... 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physician assistant ...................................................................... 1,163 565 598 341 124 217 0 0 0

Health and medical assistants, other .......................................... 141 47 94 34 15 19 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, total ........ 1,499 580 919 60 34 26 1 1 0

Respiratory therapy technology/technician ................................. 386 153 233 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health and medical diagnostic and treatment services, other ... 1,113 427 686 60 34 26 1 1 0

Medical laboratory technologies, total ............................................ 3,033 910 2,123 430 160 270 79 34 45

Medical technology ..................................................................... 2,632 776 1,856 63 18 45 1 1 0

Health and medical laboratory technologies/technicians, other . 401 134 267 367 142 225 78 33 45

Pre-dentistry studies ....................................................................... 161 107 54 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-medicine studies ...................................................................... 639 365 274 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-pharmacy studies ..................................................................... 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pre-veterinary studies ..................................................................... 142 47 95 0 0 0 0 0 0

Medical basic sciences ................................................................... 361 134 227 427 209 218 422 237 185

Mental health services, total ........................................................... 603 115 488 347 71 276 8 1 7

Alcohol/drug abuse counseling ................................................... 153 43 110 61 23 38 0 0 0

Psychiatric/mental health services technician ............................ 112 24 88 37 9 28 0 0 0

Clinical and medical social work ................................................. 87 12 75 49 12 37 8 1 7

Mental health services, other ...................................................... 251 36 215 200 27 173 0 0 0

Nursing ............................................................................................ 42,186 4,457 37,729 9,629 666 8,963 397 16 381

Optometry ....................................................................................... 193 75 118 11 5 6 6 6 0

Pharmacy ........................................................................................ 6,025 2,290 3,735 309 131 178 275 154 121

Rehabilitation/therapeutic services, total ........................................ 7,678 1,647 6,031 5,198 1,312 3,886 25 9 16

Art therapy ................................................................................... 74 7 67 216 19 197 0 0 0

Dance therapy ............................................................................. 2 0 2 22 1 21 0 0 0

Music therapy .............................................................................. 157 15 142 47 9 38 0 0 0

Occupational therapy .................................................................. 2,850 329 2,521 762 91 671 0 0 0

Orthotics/prosthetics .................................................................... 36 26 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

Physical therapy .......................................................................... 3,355 1,004 2,351 2,942 843 2,099 3 0 3

Recreational therapy ................................................................... 183 34 149 18 1 17 1 0 1

Vocational rehabilitation counseling ............................................ 193 44 149 685 174 511 4 4 0

Rehabilitative services, other ...................................................... 828 188 640 506 174 332 17 5 12

Veterinary medicine ........................................................................ 48 20 28 144 76 68 96 66 30

Miscellaneous health professions ................................................... 433 217 216 780 453 327 59 37 22

Health professions and related sciences, other ............................. 4,071 1,408 2,663 4,107 1,439 2,668 390 192 198

Home economics and vocational home economics, total ..................... 15,345 1,808 13,537 2,864 492 2,372 388 99 289

Home economics, total ....................................................................... 14,771 1,560 13,211 2,820 491 2,329 382 97 285

Home economics, general .............................................................. 2,752 216 2,536 345 31 314 44 14 30

Home economics business services .............................................. 153 16 137 2 0 2 0 0 0

Family and community studies ....................................................... 212 18 194 54 11 43 10 5 5

Family and consumer resource management ................................ 1,215 388 827 64 7 57 28 4 24

Food and nutrition studies .............................................................. 3,272 418 2,854 584 73 511 61 20 41

Housing studies .............................................................................. 479 64 415 20 5 15 4 1 3

Individual and family development studies ..................................... 5,172 367 4,805 1,637 348 1,289 212 47 165

Clothing/apparel and textile studies ............................................... 1,405 64 1,341 96 14 82 15 4 11

Home economics, other .................................................................. 111 9 102 18 2 16 8 2 6

Vocational home economics, total ..................................................... 574 248 326 44 1 43 6 2 4

Child care and guidance management .......................................... 144 3 141 32 0 32 1 0 1

Custodial, housekeeping and home services workers

and managers ............................................................................. 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Vocational home economics, other ................................................ 429 245 184 12 1 11 5 2 3

Law and legal studies, total ................................................................... 2,032 595 1,437 2,511 1,680 831 88 62 26

Pre-law studies ............................................................................... 214 105 109 0 0 0 0 0 0

Paralegal/legal assistant ................................................................. 1,031 172 859 29 10 19 0 0 0

Law and legal studies, other .......................................................... 787 318 469 2,482 1,670 812 88 62 26

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities, total ........ 33,356 13,157 20,199 2,565 924 1,641 90 41 49

Liberal arts and sciences/liberal studies ........................................ 21,113 7,622 13,491 1,738 625 1,113 30 10 20

Humanities/humanistic studies ....................................................... 2,820 962 1,858 472 185 287 45 25 20

Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, other .......................... 9,423 4,573 4,850 355 114 241 15 6 9

Library science, total .............................................................................. 50 2 48 5,057 1,054 4,003 55 20 35

Library science/librarianship ........................................................... 49 2 47 4,938 1,034 3,904 54 20 34

Library science, other ..................................................................... 1 0 1 119 20 99 1 0 1

Mathematics, total .................................................................................. 13,723 7,295 6,428 4,181 2,543 1,638 1,226 955 271

Mathematics .................................................................................... 11,988 6,260 5,728 2,440 1,468 972 845 660 185

Applied mathematics, total ............................................................. 930 553 377 747 495 252 155 123 32

Applied mathematics, general and other .................................... 701 412 289 386 241 145 110 87 23

Operations research (quantitative methods) ............................... 229 141 88 361 254 107 45 36 9
DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX 279

Table 40.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1994–95—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mathematical statistics .................................................................... 467 279 188 909 528 381 202 155 47

Mathematics, other ......................................................................... 338 203 135 85 52 33 24 17 7

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, total ........................................................ 26,033 9,158 16,875 2,457 1,093 1,364 238 129 109

Biological and physical sciences .................................................... 2,404 1,219 1,185 230 108 122 28 18 10

Systems science and theory .......................................................... 107 63 44 214 109 105 16 9 7

Museology/museum studies ........................................................... 2 0 2 110 20 90 0 0 0

Multi/interdisciplinary studies, other ................................................ 23,520 7,876 15,644 1,903 856 1,047 194 102 92

Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, total .............................. 12,889 6,724 6,165 1,755 892 863 149 87 62

Parks, recreation and leisure studies ............................................. 2,187 1,014 1,173 229 97 132 32 20 12

Parks, recreation and leisure facilities management ..................... 2,758 1,321 1,437 270 115 155 44 14 30

Health and physical education/fitness ............................................ 7,679 4,247 3,432 1,243 671 572 67 51 16

Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies, other ...................... 265 142 123 13 9 4 6 2 4

Philosophy and religion, total ................................................................. 7,276 4,670 2,606 1,380 875 505 507 365 142

Philosophy ...................................................................................... 4,442 3,019 1,423 654 485 169 289 219 70

Religion/religious studies ................................................................ 2,494 1,455 1,039 639 362 277 212 140 72

Philosophy and religion, other ........................................................ 340 196 144 87 28 59 6 6 0

Physical sciences and science technologies, total ................................ 19,177 12,497 6,680 5,753 4,013 1,740 4,483 3,428 1,055

Physical sciences, total ...................................................................... 19,057 12,424 6,633 5,718 3,986 1,732 4,478 3,423 1,055

Physical sciences, general ............................................................. 413 268 145 36 27 9 1 1 0

Astronomy ....................................................................................... 121 83 38 86 60 26 96 77 19

Astrophysics .................................................................................... 48 34 14 33 28 5 16 12 4

Atmospheric science and meteorology .......................................... 444 362 82 203 152 51 83 69 14

Chemistry, total ............................................................................... 9,722 5,666 4,056 2,099 1,216 883 2,273 1,561 712

Chemistry, general ...................................................................... 9,457 5,500 3,957 1,956 1,140 816 2,080 1,421 659

Analytical chemistry .................................................................... 6 2 4 16 10 6 14 12 2

Inorganic chemistry ..................................................................... 0 0 0 3 2 1 4 1 3

Organic chemistry ....................................................................... 11 5 6 22 12 10 13 11 2

Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistry ........................................... 16 7 9 37 17 20 62 42 20

Chemistry, other .......................................................................... 232 152 80 65 35 30 100 74 26

Geological and related sciences, total ........................................... 3,118 1,993 1,125 993 697 296 398 312 86

Geology ....................................................................................... 2,856 1,821 1,035 853 600 253 325 255 70

Geochemistry .............................................................................. 14 6 8 4 3 1 2 1 1

Geophysics and seismology ....................................................... 65 46 19 75 55 20 51 41 10

Geological and related sciences, other ...................................... 183 120 63 61 39 22 20 15 5

Miscellaneous physical sciences, total ........................................... 1,020 652 368 397 249 148 150 114 36

Metallurgy .................................................................................... 0 0 0 11 10 1 2 2 0

Oceanography ............................................................................. 214 136 78 138 91 47 79 59 20

Earth and planetary sciences ..................................................... 700 462 238 149 92 57 62 48 14

Miscellaneous physical sciences, other ...................................... 106 54 52 99 56 43 7 5 2

Physics, total ................................................................................... 3,823 3,151 672 1,817 1,527 290 1,424 1,251 173

Physics, general .......................................................................... 3,669 3,018 651 1,677 1,410 267 1,338 1,179 159

Physics, other .............................................................................. 154 133 21 140 117 23 86 72 14

Physical sciences, other ................................................................. 348 215 133 54 30 24 37 26 11

Science technologies, total ................................................................ 120 73 47 35 27 8 5 5 0

Precision production trades, total .......................................................... 353 247 106 5 4 1 0 0 0

Drafting, general ............................................................................. 121 94 27 0 0 0 0 0 0

Precision production trades, other .................................................. 232 153 79 5 4 1 0 0 0

Protective services, total ........................................................................ 24,157 15,049 9,108 1,706 912 794 26 14 12

Criminal justice and corrections, total ............................................ 23,828 14,759 9,069 1,672 882 790 26 14 12

Corrections/correctional administration ....................................... 609 301 308 85 53 32 0 0 0

Criminal justice/law enforcement administration ......................... 8,062 5,075 2,987 673 400 273 0 0 0

Criminal justice studies ............................................................... 12,393 7,513 4,880 788 359 429 26 14 12

Forensic studies .......................................................................... 28 11 17 51 29 22 0 0 0

Law enforcement/police science ................................................. 1,719 1,283 436 67 35 32 0 0 0

Criminal justice, other ................................................................. 1,017 576 441 8 6 2 0 0 0

Fire control and safety .................................................................... 224 214 10 29 26 3 0 0 0

Protective services, other ............................................................... 105 76 29 5 4 1 0 0 0

Psychology, total .................................................................................... 72,083 19,548 52,535 13,921 3,893 10,028 3,822 1,431 2,391

Psychology, general ....................................................................... 67,954 18,469 49,485 4,788 1,453 3,335 1,616 642 974

Clinical psychology ......................................................................... 66 12 54 1,477 350 1,127 1,413 493 920

Counseling psychology ................................................................... 256 60 196 4,221 1,087 3,134 296 107 189

Developmental and child psychology ............................................. 712 77 635 113 14 99 46 9 37

Experimental psychology ................................................................ 219 65 154 88 40 48 57 24 33

Industrial and organizational psychology ....................................... 109 29 80 952 421 531 65 33 32

Physiological psychology/psychobiology ........................................ 184 60 124 3 1 2 24 12 12

Social psychology ........................................................................... 500 136 364 120 31 89 48 18 30

School psychology .......................................................................... 0 0 0 886 174 712 107 38 69

Psychology, other ........................................................................... 2,083 640 1,443 1,273 322 951 150 55 95

Public administration and services, total ............................................... 18,586 3,935 14,651 23,501 6,870 16,631 556 274 282

Public administration ....................................................................... 2,429 1,258 1,171 7,288 3,710 3,578 166 117 49

Community organization, resources and services ......................... 1,615 371 1,244 261 92 169 9 3 6

Public policy analysis ...................................................................... 375 169 206 846 421 425 110 60 50

Social work ..................................................................................... 13,720 1,954 11,766 14,658 2,469 12,189 258 86 172

Public affairs, other ......................................................................... 447 183 264 448 178 270 13 8 5

R.O.T.C. and military technologies, total ............................................... 27 24 3 124 117 7 0 0 0

Social sciences and history, total .......................................................... 128,154 68,139 60,015 14,845 8,207 6,638 3,725 2,319 1,406

Social sciences, general ................................................................. 7,185 2,959 4,226 594 263 331 70 28 42
280 DEGREES CONFERRED: APPENDIX

Table 40.—Bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of

student and field of study: 1994–95—Continued

Field of study

Bachelor’s degrees requiring

4 or 5 years

Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Anthropology ................................................................................... 5,675 2,071 3,604 1,024 373 651 373 157 216

Archeology ...................................................................................... 123 43 80 29 12 17 15 6 9

Criminology ..................................................................................... 2,384 1,406 978 103 65 38 9 5 4

Demography and population studies .............................................. 2 0 2 38 12 26 9 6 3

Economics ...................................................................................... 17,673 12,244 5,429 2,400 1,653 747 910 684 226

Geography, total ............................................................................. 4,295 2,930 1,365 807 524 283 152 109 43

Geography ................................................................................... 4,254 2,898 1,356 805 522 283 152 109 43

Cartography ................................................................................. 41 32 9 2 2 0 0 0 0

History ............................................................................................. 26,598 16,596 10,002 3,091 1,905 1,186 816 513 303

International relations and affairs ................................................... 5,486 2,373 3,113 2,138 1,139 999 46 30 16

Political science and government, general ..................................... 33,013 18,941 14,072 2,019 1,216 803 637 455 182

Sociology ........................................................................................ 22,886 7,406 15,480 1,748 664 1,084 546 259 287

Urban affairs/studies ....................................................................... 648 323 325 303 146 157 56 26 30

Social sciences and history, other .................................................. 2,186 847 1,339 551 235 316 86 41 45

Theological studies/religious vocations, total ........................................ 5,578 4,201 1,377 5,240 3,178 2,062 1,591 1,375 216

Biblical and other theological languages and literatures ................ 23 22 1 70 37 33 8 8 0

Bible/biblical studies ....................................................................... 1,713 1,332 381 316 258 58 40 38 2

Missions/missionary studies and misology ..................................... 275 171 104 230 139 91 52 52 0

Religious education ........................................................................ 928 538 390 1,015 545 470 55 42 13

Religious/sacred music ................................................................... 179 91 88 142 85 57 13 11 2

Theology/theological studies .......................................................... 2,038 1,746 292 2,572 1,659 913 960 848 112

Pastoral counseling and specialized ministries .............................. 167 128 39 595 264 331 257 200 57

Theological studies and religious vocations, other ........................ 255 173 82 300 191 109 206 176 30

Transportation and material moving workers, total ............................... 3,698 3,297 401 823 775 48 0 0 0

Air transportation workers ............................................................... 3,595 3,205 390 819 771 48 0 0 0

Water transportation workers ......................................................... 88 81 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

Transportation and material moving, other .................................... 15 11 4 4 4 0 0 0 0

Visual and performing arts, total ............................................................ 48,690 19,781 28,909 10,277 4,374 5,903 1,080 545 535

Visual and performing arts, general ............................................... 1,327 499 828 130 50 80 17 7 10

Crafts, folk art, and artisanry .......................................................... 116 33 83 10 3 7 0 0 0

Dance .............................................................................................. 864 73 791 182 31 151 10 0 10

Design and applied art ................................................................... 7,893 3,145 4,748 536 225 311 1 1 0

Dramatic/theater arts and stagecraft .............................................. 6,212 2,547 3,665 1,422 680 742 95 47 48

Film/video and photographic arts, total .......................................... 2,715 1,679 1,036 632 350 282 10 7 3

Film-video making/cinematography and production ................... 1,036 694 342 248 137 111 4 3 1

Photography ................................................................................ 907 472 435 183 90 93 1 1 0

Film arts, other ............................................................................ 772 513 259 201 123 78 5 3 2

Fine arts and art studies, total ........................................................ 20,428 7,226 13,202 3,284 1,178 2,106 185 66 119

Art, general .................................................................................. 11,522 4,278 7,244 1,019 414 605 35 14 21

Art history, criticism and conservation ........................................ 4,642 1,289 3,353 1,097 318 779 149 52 97

Arts management ........................................................................ 83 19 64 131 28 103 1 0 1

Painting ....................................................................................... 734 315 419 207 90 117 0 0 0

Ceramic arts and ceramics ......................................................... 200 69 131 43 18 25 0 0 0

Fiber, textile and weaving arts .................................................... 99 5 94 45 6 39 0 0 0

Metal and jewelry arts ................................................................. 73 15 58 12 3 9 0 0 0

Fine arts and art studies, other ................................................... 3,075 1,236 1,839 730 301 429 0 0 0

Music, total ...................................................................................... 8,510 4,337 4,173 3,565 1,677 1,888 738 409 329

Music, general ............................................................................. 4,372 2,064 2,308 1,173 534 639 326 184 142

Music history and literature ......................................................... 53 17 36 41 16 25 28 13 15

Music, general performance ....................................................... 2,674 1,310 1,364 1,787 847 940 257 135 122

Music theory and composition .................................................... 362 292 70 162 114 48 65 48 17

Music, other ................................................................................. 1,049 654 395 402 166 236 62 29 33

Visual and performing arts, other ................................................... 625 242 383 516 180 336 24 8 16

Not classified by field of study ............................................................... 1,346 957 389 577 475 102 19 18 1

NOTE.—Aggregations by field of study derived from the Classification of Instructional

Programs developed by the National Center for Education Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), ‘‘Completions’’ survey. (This

table was prepared March 1997.)