T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l y c onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2).

Th e H o n o r ab l e Sa r a h S. V a n c e , Ch i e f D i s tr i c tJ u d g e f

o rth e U . S. ** * D i s tr i c tC our tf

orthe E a s t e rn D i s tr i c tof L oui s i a na , s i tt i ng by de s i gna t i on. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T T O M M Y A L L E N ; B R O O K E A L L E N , a m i no r s ui ng throu gh her l egal r e pr e s e na t i ve , T om m y A l l e n, P l ai n t i ffs - A p p el l an t s, v. C OU NT Y O F F R E S NO ; C HR I S T I AN C UR T I C E ; J AR E D WI L L I AMS ON , D efen d an t s - A p p el l ees. N o. 11- 15766 D . C . N o. 1: 06 -c v-01 46 9-A W IS MS ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e E a s te rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia A nthony W . I s hi i , C hi e f D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d J ul y 19, 2012 ** S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B ef ore: P A E Z and B Y B E E , C i rc ui tJudg es , and V A N C E , C hi ef D i stri ctJudg e. *** 

# FI LED JU L 27 2012 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

S e c t i on 1983 pl a i nt i f

f s T om m y a nd B r ooke A l l e n ( c ol l e c t i ve l y , “ the A l l e ns ” ) appe a l the di s tr i c tc our t ’ s gr a ntof s um m a ry j udgm e nti n f a vorof de f e nda ntC hr i s t i a n C urt i c e , de puty s he r i f f f orF r e s no C ounty . T he A l l e ns a r gue tha tD e puty C ur t i c e ’ s de c i s i on t o a rr e s tthe m w a s ba s e d on f aul ty i nf orm a t i on prov i ded b y unrel i abl e s tud enti nform ant s and thata genui ne i ss ue of m at er i al fa ct e xi s t s a s t o w he the rD e puty C ur t i c e ha d pr obabl e c aus e t o a rr e s tthe m . W e ha ve j u r i s d i c t i o n u n d e r2 8 U . S. C. § 1 2 9 1 , a n d w e a f f i rm. T he A l l ens c l ai m thatthere i s atri abl e i ss ue as t o w hether D eputy C urt i ce h a d p r o b ab l e c au s e t o a rr e s tth e m. T o est ab l i sh p ro b ab l e cau se, th e p o l i ce “ m u st o n ly s h o w th a t, u n d e rth e to ta lity o f th e c ir c u m s ta n c e s , ap ru d e n t p e r s o n w o u ld ha ve c onc l ude d tha tthe r e w a s af a i rpr obabi l i ty tha tthe s us pe c tha d c om m i tt e d a cr i m e. ” H

art v. P arks , 45 0 F . 3d 10 59 , 10 66 (9th C i r. 20 06 ) ( al t er at i on and i nt ernal q u o t at i o n m ark s o m i tt ed ). T h e p o l i ce d o n o tn eed t o sh o w th atp ro b ab l e cau se e x is te d to a rr e s t f

o rth e c r im e e v e n tu a lly c h a r g e d ; r a th e r , a s lo n g a s “th e f a c ts k n o w n t o th e arresti n g o ffi cer atth e t i m e o f th e arrest” sup p o rt ed p ro b ab l e cau se f o ra n y o f f e n s e , th e a rr e s t is p r o p e r . D even p eck v. A l

f o rd , 543 U . S . 146, 152 ( 2004) . T he di s put e d f

a c t s i de nt i f

i e d by the A l l e ns do not , i nde pe nde nt l y or col l ec t i vel y, cr ea t e atri abl e i ss ue of fa ctas t o the exi st ence of prob abl e c ause .3

T he A l l e ns c ont e nd tha ts um m a ry j udgm e ntw a s i nappr opr i a t e be c aus e ( 1) another s tud ent , L om el i , ra ther than B rook e, supp l i ed tw o stud ent s w i th m ar i j uana, and (2) L om el i w as i n p osse ss i on of B rook e’ s bac kp ac k w hen the m ar i j uana w as foun d. N ei ther s choo l adm i ni stra t or C hri st op hers on no r D eputy C urt i ce , ho w ever , s us pe c t e d B r ooke w a s i nvol ve d i n c r i m i na l a c t i vi ty ba s e d on the s a l e of m a r i j ua na to th e u n id e n tif

ie ds tu d e n ts th e m o rn in g o f B r o o k e ’s a rr e s t. I n s te a d , d u r in g h is i nve s t i ga t i on, D e puty C ur t i c e l e a rne d tha tf e l l ow s tude nt s L om e l i , O r t i z , a nd M ax ey al l accu sed B ro o k e o f b ri n g i n g m ari j u an a o n t o th e cam p u s, th atth ese stud ent s had se en B rook e w i th m ar i j uana i n h erpo ss es si on , and thatB rook e had to ld a t le a s t o n e o f

th e s tu d e n ts th a t h e rf

a th e rw a n te d h e rto s e ll th e m a r iju a n a . T h e A lle n s a ls o c o n te n d th a t C h r is to p h e r s o n ’s “u n u s u a l in te rv ie w p r o to c o l” a llo w e d L o m e li, O r tiz , a n d M a x e y to “c o n f e r ” b e f o r e s p e a k in g w ith D e p u ty C ur t i c e a nd “ r e c onc i l e [ the i r ] s t a t e m e nt s . ” O n s um m a ry j udgm e nt , how e ve r , the co u rtn eed o n l y “ v i ew th e ev i d en ce i n l i g h tm o stfav o rab l e t o th e n o n m o v i n g p arty, as ki ng w hether there ar e any genu i ne i ss ues of m at er i al fa ct , ” Crow leyv. N ev . ex r e l. N e v . Se c ’ y o f S ta te , 678 F . 3d 730, 733 ( 9th C i r . 2012) ; i tne e d nota s s um e a ny p o s s ib le in f

e r e n c e f r o m th o s e f

a c ts , s e e N

e ls o n v . P im a Cm ty . C o ll. , 83 F . 3d 1075, 1081–82 ( 9th C i r . 1996) . T he c our tne e d notc r e di tthe A l l e ns ’ s pe c ul a t i on tha tthe4

s tu d e n ts c o llu d e d . Se e id. (“ [M ] er e a l l egat i on and specul at i on do no tcr ea t e a f a c tu a l d is p u te f

o rp u rp o s e s o f

s u m m a ry ju d g m e n t.” ) . F i na l l y , a l though the A l l e ns ha ve i de nt i f i e d c e r t a i n pe c ul i a r i t i e s i n the stu d en t s’ rep o rt s an d ci rcu m st an ces th atm ay su g g esti n co n si st en ci es, th ese pecul i ar i t i es and i ncon si st enci es do no tconst i tut e “ si gn i fi cantprob at i ve evi dence t endi ng t o sup po rt ” the A l l ens’ al l egat i on s s uffi ci entt o survi ve sum m ary ju d g m e n t. G e n. B us . Sys . v . N . A m . P hi l i

ps C or p. , 69 9 F . 2d 96 5, 97 1 (9th C i r. 1983) ( i nt e rna l quot a t i on m a rks om i tt e d) . E ve n w i th the s e pe c ul i a r i t i e s a nd i n co n si st en ci es, th e rep o rt s w ere su ffi ci en tt o g i v e D ep u ty C u rt i ce p ro b ab l e cau se to a rr e s t. AF F I R ME D.