Evidence Report/Technology Assessment 

Number 110 

End-of-Life Care and Outcomes 

Prepared for: 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 

540 Gaither Road 

Rockville, MD 20850 

www.ahrq.gov 

Contract No. 290-02-0003 

 

Prepared by:

Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center 

RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA

Principal Investigators 

Karl Lorenz, MD 

Joanne Lynn, MD 

Programmer/Analyst 

Lara Hilton, BA 

Database Manager 

Shannon Rhodes, MFA

Research Assistant 

Hsien Seow, BS 

Staff Assistant 

Cony Rolón, BA 

Director

Paul G. Shekelle, MD, PhD 

Senior Statistician/Co-Director 

Sally C. Morton, PhD 

Project Manager/Policy Analyst 

Margaret Maglione, MPP 

Reviewers

Sydney Dy, PhD 

Ronda Hughes, PhD, MHS, RN 

Richard Mularski, MD 

Lisa Shugarman, PhD 

Virginia Sun, RN 

Anne M. Wilkinson, PhD 

AHRQ Publication No. 05-E004-2 

December 2004
This report may be used, in whole or in part, as the basis for development of clinical practice 

guidelines and other quality enhancement tools, or a basis for reimbursement and coverage 

policies. AHRQ or U.S. Department of Health and Human Services endorsement of such 

derivative products may not be stated or implied. 

AHRQ is the lead Federal agency charged with supporting research designed to improve the 

quality of health care, reduce its cost, address patient safety and medical errors, and broaden access 

to essential services. AHRQ sponsors and conducts research that provides evidence-based 

information on health care outcomes; quality; and cost, use, and access. The information helps 

health care decisionmakers—patients and clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers—

make more informed decisions and improve the quality of health care services. 
This document is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without permission except 

those copyrighted materials noted for which further reproduction is prohibited without the 

specific permission of copyright holders. 

Suggested Citation: 

Lorenz K, Lynn J, Morton SC, Dy S, Mularski R, Shugarman L, Sun V, Wilkinson A, Maglione 

M, Shekelle PG. End-of-Life Care and Outcomes. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment 

No. 110. (Prepared by the Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, under Contract 

No. 290-02-0003.) AHRQ Publication No. 05-E004-2. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare 

Research and Quality. December 2004. 

ii
Preface 

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), through its Evidence-Based 

Practice Centers (EPCs), sponsors the development of evidence reports and technology 

assessments to assist public- and private-sector organizations in their efforts to improve the 

quality of health care in the United States. This report was requested and funded by the National 

Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH). The reports and assessments 

provide organizations with comprehensive, science-based information on common, costly 

medical conditions and new health care technologies. The EPCs systematically review the 

relevant scientific literature on topics assigned to them by AHRQ and conduct additional 

analyses when appropriate prior to developing their reports and assessments. 

To bring the broadest range of experts into the development of evidence reports and health 

technology assessments, AHRQ encourages the EPCs to form partnerships and enter into 

collaborations with other medical and research organizations. The EPCs work with these partner 

organizations to ensure that the evidence reports and technology assessments they produce will 

become building blocks for health care quality improvement projects throughout the Nation. The 

reports undergo peer review prior to their release. 

AHRQ expects that the EPC evidence reports and technology assessments will inform 

individual health plans, providers, and purchasers as well as the healthcare system as a whole by 

providing important information to help improve health care quality. 

We welcome comments on this evidence report. They may be sent by mail to the Task Order 

Officer named below at: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Road, 

Rockville, MD 20850, or by email to epc@ahrq.gov. 

Jean Slutsky, P.A., M.S.P.H. 

Director, Center for Outcomes and 

Evidence 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 

Carolyn M. Clancy, M.D. 

Director

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 

 

Patricia A. Grady, Ph.D., R.N., F.A.A.N. 

Director

National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH 

Ronda G. Hughes, R.N., M.H.S., Ph.D. 

EPC Program Task Order Officer 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 

Kenneth S. Fink, M.D., M.G.A., M.P.H. 

Director, EPC Program

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 

 

The authors of this report are responsible for its content. Statements in the report should 

not be construed as endorsement by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services of a particular drug, device, test, treatment, 

or other clinical service.

iii
Structured Abstract 

Context: The “end-of-life” refers to a prolonged, difficult period for patients and caregivers. 

Nine-tenths of Medicare-insured elderly live with a serious, chronic condition before death. Due 

to our aging population, Americans will increasingly face such challenges. 

Objectives: Focusing on the outcomes patient and family satisfaction; pain, dyspnea, depression 

and anxiety and behavioral problems in dementia; continuity; caregiving burden other than 

bereavement; and advance care planning, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the 

following: 

1. The scope of the end-of-life population. 

2. Outcome variables that are valid indicators of the quality of the end-of-life experience for 

the dying person and surviving loved ones. 

3. Patient, family, and healthcare system associated with better or worse outcomes at endof-life. 

4. Processes and interventions associated with improved or worsened outcomes. 

5. Future research directions for improving end-of-life care. 

Data Sources: MEDLINE®, Database of Reviews of Effects (DARE), the National Consensus 

Project for Quality Palliative Care, Toolkit of Instruments to Measure End-of-life Care (TIME), 

and citations recommended by an international expert panel. 

Study Selection: We focused on studies in the Western literature related to adult patient or 

caregiver end-of-life outcomes published between 1990 and April 2004, excluding studies of 

chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and similar technical care. 

Data Extraction: We identified a total of 24,423 citations from all sources; 5,216 went on to 

abstract review, of which 911 articles were considered for detailed review including 95 

systematic reviews, 134 intervention, and 682 observational studies. 

Data Synthesis: Evidence is strongest in cancer, reflecting the degree to which palliative care 

has been integrated into oncology practice. Studies demonstrate strong associations between 

satisfaction and communication, pain control, practical support, and enhanced caregiving. We

identified high-quality measures of quality of life, satisfaction, quality of care, and symptoms. 

Strong evidence undergirds cancer pain and depression treatment, and small studies suggest that 

opioids benefit dyspnea. Caregiving studies demonstrated inconsistent effects and focused on 

dementia. Strong evidence supports interventions to improve continuity in cancer and congestive 

heart failure (CHF), although CHF studies lack generalizability and palliative outcomes. 

Inconsistent evidence supports advance care planning, although studies often measure utilization 

rather than patient and family-centered outcomes. 

Conclusions: We identified a number of priorities including a need to (1) characterize the 

implications of alternative definitions of the “end-of-life”; (2) test measures in diverse settings 

and populations; (3) in studies of satisfaction, emphasize specific process, especially those lessstudied (e.g., non-pain symptoms, spiritual support, and continuity); (4) address methodological 

v
challenges in measurement; (5) conduct studies of the epidemiology and clinical significance of 

symptoms in non-cancer conditions; (6) conduct larger studies of interventions for dyspnea; (7) 

conduct studies of short- as well as long-term treatment of depression; (8) conduct studies of 

caregiving in populations other than cancer and dementia; (9) evaluate economic and social 

dimensions of caregiving; (10) in continuity research, emphasize common settings (e.g., 

ambulatory care) and studies of nursing home-hospital continuity and involving multiple 

providers; and (11) in studies of continuity in CHF, incorporate palliative domains and ensure 

that studies are generalizable to the sickest patients. 

vi
Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 

 Background and Context............................................................................................................1 

 Framework for the Systematic Review......................................................................................1 

 Pain, Dyspnea, Depression and Anxiety, and Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia.............2 

 Caregiver Experience...........................................................................................................3 

 Continuity of Care................................................................................................................3 

 Advance Care Planning........................................................................................................4 

 Summary....................................................................................................................................4 

Chapter 2. Methods..........................................................................................................................5 

 Task Order Questions ................................................................................................................5 

 Overview....................................................................................................................................5 

 Technical Expert Panel—Scope and Approach to the Report...................................................6 

 Table 1. Report Section by Key Question .................................................................................8 

 Analytic Framework ..................................................................................................................9 

 Evidence Sources and Searches.................................................................................................9 

 Literature Searches...............................................................................................................9 

 Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness ..........................................................10 

 National Consensus Project ...............................................................................................10 

 Major Recent Systematic Reviews of Palliative Care .......................................................10 

 Gray Literature...................................................................................................................11 

 Title Screening, Abstract Review, and Selection of Individual Studies..................................11 

 Procedures to Reduce Bias, Enhance Consistency, and Check Accuracy...............................13 

 Summarizing the Evidence (Key Questions 1–3)....................................................................14 

 Previous Systematic Reviews—Definitions......................................................................14 

 Screening of Reviews ........................................................................................................14 

 Implicit Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews ........................................................15 

 Intervention and Observational Studies.............................................................................16 

 Assessment of Quality—Intervention and Observational Studies.....................................16 

 Qualitative Data Analysis..................................................................................................17 

 Review of Articles Relevant to the Scope of “End of Life” ....................................................18 

 Peer Review Process..........................................................................................................18 

Chapter 3. Results..........................................................................................................................19 

 Results of the Literature Search...............................................................................................19 

 Table 2. Study design by Topic Area.......................................................................................20 

 Figure 1. Article Flow..............................................................................................................21 

 A. Key Question 1a. What individual outcome measures are most strongly associated 

 with overall satisfaction with end-of-life care? .................................................................22 

Systematic Reviews and Satisfaction with End-of-Life Care..................................................22 

 Table 3. Systematic Reviews for Patient and Family Satisfaction with End-of-Life Care.......22 

 Additional Interventional Studies and Satisfaction with End-of-Life Care..............................25 

 Observational Studies Evaluating Satisfaction in Palliative Care ............................................28 

 Qualitative Studies Evaluating Satisfaction with Palliative Care .............................................30 

vii
 Summary of the Relationship of Satisfaction to Other Measures of Process and Outcome....31 

 B. Key Question 1b. What is the reliability and validity of specific instruments for 

measuring quality of life or quality of care at end of life? .................................................32 

 Measurement of Patient and Family Outcomes........................................................................32 

 Literature Review of Measures................................................................................................33 

 Multidimensional Measures: Quality of Life, Quality of Care and Satisfaction .....................33 

 Measures of Quality of Life...............................................................................................33 

 Measures of Quality of Care and Satisfaction ...................................................................35 

 Measures Related to Other Specific Domains.........................................................................37 

 Measures of Pain and Other Symptoms.............................................................................37 

 Measures of Emotional and Cognitive Symptoms.............................................................39 

 Measures of Functional Status...........................................................................................39 

 Measures of Survival Time and Aggressiveness of Care ..................................................40 

 Measures of Advance Care Planning.................................................................................40 

 Measures of Continuity of Care.........................................................................................40 

 Measures of Spirituality.....................................................................................................40 

 Measures of Grief and Bereavement..................................................................................41 

 Measures of Caregiver Well-Being ...................................................................................41 

 Other Measures..................................................................................................................42 

 Summary of Measures .......................................................................................................42 

 C. Key Questions 2 and 3 

 2. What patient, family, and healthcare system factors are associated with better or 

worse outcomes at end of life? 

 3. What processes and interventions are associated with improved or worsened 

outcomes? 

 Elements Associated with Patient Experience: Symptoms of Pain, Dyspnea, Depression and 

Anxiety, and Behavioral Issues in Dementia.........................................................................44 

 Table 4. Systematic Reviews for Symptoms: Pain, Dyspnea, Depression/Anxiety, Behavior 

in Dementia ..........................................................................................................................45 

 Pain ..........................................................................................................................................45 

 Systematic Reviews and Pain ............................................................................................45 

 Additional Interventional Studies of Pain..........................................................................48 

 Dyspnea....................................................................................................................................50 

 Systematic Reviews of Dyspnea........................................................................................50 

 Additional Interventional Studies of Dyspnea...................................................................52 

 Depression and Anxiety...........................................................................................................54 

 Systematic Review of Depression and Anxiety.................................................................54 

 Additional Interventional Studies of Anxiety and Depression ..........................................55 

 Behavioral Issues in Dementia.................................................................................................57 

 Systematic Reviews of Behavioral Issues in Dementia.....................................................57 

 Additional Interventional Studies of Behavioral Problems in Dementia...........................58 

 Observational Studies and Symptoms .....................................................................................59 

 D. Key Questions 2 and 3 

 2. What patient, family, and healthcare system factors are associated with better or 

worse outcomes at end of life? 

viii
 3. What processes and interventions are associated with improved or worsened 

outcomes? 

 Elements associated with family experience, especially caregiving ........................................61 

 Table 5. Systematic Review—Caregivers ................................................................................62 

 Systematic Reviews and Caregiver Burden.............................................................................62 

 Additional Interventional Studies and Caregiver Burden........................................................66 

 Observational Studies and Caregiver Burden..........................................................................70 

 Outcomes at Transitions (Placement or Death) .......................................................................72 

 Caregiving for Non-Cancer, Non-Alzheimer’s Disease ..........................................................74 

 E. Key Question 2 and 3 

2. What patient, family, and healthcare system factors are associated with better or 

worse outcomes at end of life? 

 3. What processes and interventions are associated with improved or worsened 

outcomes? 

 Elements Associated with Healthcare System Performance, Especially Continuity of 

 Services ................................................................................................................................76 

 Introduction...............................................................................................................................76 

 Systematic Reviews..................................................................................................................77 

 Table 6. Systematic Reviews for Continuity/Coordination ......................................................77 

 Table 7. Summary of Results from Systematic Reviews Relevant to Continuity ....................78 

 Additional Interventional Studies and Continuity ....................................................................79 

 Information/Record Continuity..........................................................................................79 

 Management Continuity.....................................................................................................79

 Relational Continuity.........................................................................................................81 

 Specific Populations..................................................................................................................81 

 Heart Failure ......................................................................................................................81 

 Table 8. Systematic Reviews Relevant to Continuity/Coordination in Heart Failure ..............81 

 Additional Interventional Studies and Continuity in CHF .......................................................82 

 Observational Studies in Continuity .........................................................................................83 

 F. Key Question 2 and 3 

 2. What patient, family, and healthcare system factors are associated with better or 

worse outcomes at end of life? 

3. What processes and interventions are associated with improved or worsened 

 outcomes? 

 Elements Associated with Decision-Making, Especially Advance Care Planning .................85 

 Systematic Reviews.................................................................................................................85 

 Table 9. Systematic Review for Advance Care Planning........................................................86 

 Additional Intervention Studies of Advance Care Planning....................................................87 

 Prospective Cohort Observational Studies on Advance Care Planning...................................91 

 Additional Cross Sectional and Retrospective Observational Studies ....................................93 

 G. Summary Regarding Outcome Variations Among Populations (by Patient, Family, 

and Health System Characteristics)...............................................................................94

 Table 10. Systematic Review of Outcome Variation...............................................................94 

 H. Summary Regarding Effectiveness of Intervention ......................................................96

 Satisfaction...............................................................................................................................96 

 Pain, Depression and Anxiety, and Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia.................................96 

ix
 Caregiving Burden.....................................................................................97 

 Continuity..............................................................................................98 

 Advance Care Planning........................................................................... ....98 

Chapter 4. Research Recommendations ......................................................................................101 

 Overview................................................................................................................................101 

 Limitations.............................................................................................................................101 

 Definition of the “End of Life” Population Needed ..............................................................102 

 Measures and Satisfaction with Care and the of the End-of-Life Experience.................103 

 Pain, Dyspnea, Depression and Anxiety, and Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia.........104 

 Caregiving........................................................................................................................105 

 Continuity of Services......................................................................................................106 

 Advance Care Planning....................................................................................................106 

References....................................................................................................................................109 

Appendixes 

 Appendix A. Scope of End-of-Life Population 

 Appendix B. Search Strategies 

 Appendix B1. NLM Initial Search Strategy 

 Appendix B2. Q2-Trajectories Search Strategy 

 Appendix B3. DARE Search Strategy 

 Appendix B4. RAND Search Strategy 

 Appendix C. Summary of Health Canada Literature 

 Appendix D1. Sample—Abstract Screening Form

 Appendix D2. Sample—Systematic Reviews Screening Form 

 Appendix E. Intervention Studies Evidence Tables 

Appendix F. TEP and Peer Reviewers 

 Appendix G. Cambridge Ballot 

 Appendix H1. Methodological Issues in Measurement 

 Appendix H2. Table H-2 Reliability and Validity Measures 

 Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

 Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

 Appendix K. Peer Reviewer Comments 

 Appendix L. Observational Studies Evidence Tables 

 Appendix M. Included Studies 

The Appendixes and Evidence Tables cited in this report are provided electronically at 

http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/tp/eoltp.htm. 

x
Overview 

To evaluate progress in the field of end-of-life

care and clarify research priorities, the National

Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), with the

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

(AHRQ), commissioned this evidence report as

the basis for a State-of-the-Science Conference in

December 2004. The need for such an

assessment is clear. More than 75 percent of

Americans now live past age 65, and 83 percent

of Americans now die while covered by

Medicare.1 In 2000, the average life expectancy

for Americans was 80 years for women and 74

years for men, compared to just 49 years in

1900.2 By 2050, life expectancy for women and

men will likely increase to 84 and 80,

respectively.3 A century ago, death came to most

Americans suddenly. Today, many Americans live

their last years with a chronic health condition,

and about 40 million people, 15 percent of the

adult U.S. population, are limited in activities

from such a condition.4, 5 Population aging

patterns suggest that in the coming decades,

larger numbers of Americans will be coping with

serious impairments late in life. For the relatively

healthy, a care system focused on curing acute

intermittent illness is adequate. For persons living

with advanced, chronic disease, neither

prevention nor cure are ordinarily possible.

Instead, patients and families struggling with

serious illness have other concerns, including

managing pain and other symptoms, coordinating

care among multiple providers and settings,

ensuring that treatments reflect preferences and

balance benefits and harms as well as medical

appropriateness, achieving empathic

communication and care, fostering well-being

(including spiritual concerns), maintaining

function, and practically supporting family and

caregivers through illness and bereavement.

Reporting the Evidence

This report addresses the following key

questions:

1. What outcome variables are valid

indicators of the quality of the end-of-life

experience for the dying person and for

the surviving loved ones?

a. What individual outcome measures are

most strongly associated with overall

satisfaction with end-of-life care? 

b. What is the reliability and validity of

specific instruments for measuring

quality of life or quality of care at the

end-of-life?

2. What patient, family, and health care

system factors are associated with better

or worse outcomes at end of life? 

a. What individual patient factors (e.g., age,

gender, race/ethnicity, underlying illness,

education, etc.) are associated with better

or worse outcomes at end of life?

b. What family factors (e.g., relationship to

patient, race/ethnicity, etc.) are associated

with better or worse outcomes at end of

life, including both outcomes reported

by the family and how the family affects

outcomes experienced by the patient? 

c. What health care system factors (e.g., site

of care, type of provider, support services,

etc.) are associated with better or worse

outcomes?

Evidence Report/Technology Assessment

Number 110

End-of-Life Care and Outcomes

Summary

Authors: Lorenz K, Lynn J, Morton SC, Dy S, Mularski R, Shugarman L, 

Sun V, Wilkinson AM, Maglione M, Shekelle PG

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Advancing Excellence in Health Care • www.ahrq.gov

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-Based

Practice
2

3. What processes and interventions are associated with

improved or worsened outcomes?

a. What is the effectiveness of specific healthcare

interventions for improving specific outcomes in

patients at the end of life? 

b. Does effectiveness of specific interventions vary among

different populations?

4. What are future research directions for improving endof-life care?

Methodology

A multidisciplinary Technical Expert Panel (TEP) was

formed to assist the Southern California Evidence-based

Practice Center with its review and to guide the evidence

report. The TEP included leading scientists and clinicians in

nursing, gerontology, and palliative medicine, and others with a

broad knowledge of relevant research and policy issues in both

the United States and Europe. Research reviewers included an

oncology nurse, an intensivist (a physician who specializes in

the care of critically ill patients), a general internist, palliative

care physicians, and gerontologists. 

The sponsors decided to focus only on adults and identified

as a priority the evaluation of interventions related to managing

symptoms, enhancing communication, enhancing spirituality,

withdrawing technology, facilitating family caregiving, and

enhancing grief resolution. A decision was also made to focus

on three clinical common, representative conditions. Thus, as

an organizing principle, our analysis deliberately highlighted

evidence that illuminated the end of life as lived with cancer,

chronic heart failure, or dementia. Cancer patients experience

a somewhat predictable decline and are often served by hospice

in their final weeks. In contrast, patients with organ system

failure (e.g., congestive heart failure [CHF], chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease [COPD]) may experience stable but

impaired function punctuated by unpredictable, severe illness

and rather sudden death6-8 and are rarely served by hospice. In

further contrast, patients with dementia have prolonged

declines and often reside in nursing homes.9, 10 

TEP members were asked to prioritize potential topics for

the report based on relative importance at the end of life,

relationship to patient experience, feasibility, relevance to care

and policy, the availability of recent reviews on the topic, ability

of the topic to illuminate differences in the strength of research

in important clinical areas of palliative care, and modifiability

in clinical practice and policy.

11 With the TEP’s assistance, we

decided to focus on the following topics: 

• Satisfaction with care.

• As patient-centered concerns, the symptoms of pain,

dyspnea, depression, anxiety, and behavioral symptoms

associated with dementia. 

• As family and caregiver concerns, caregiver burden

excluding bereavement.

• As health system concerns, continuity of care. 

• As a concern that requires coordinated action among

patients, caregivers, and the healthcare system, advance

care planning (ACP). 

Literature Search and Review

A comprehensive search of the medical literature was

conducted to identify studies addressing the key questions. Staff

reviewed relevant articles, compiled tables of study

characteristics and results, appraised the methodological quality

of the controlled trials, and summarized results. 

Sources for our review included MEDLINE®, the Cochrane

Database of Reviews of Abstracts of Effects (DARE), the

National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care, and

several recent systematic reviews from both Health Canada and

National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), United

Kingdom. We also used the 2000 Toolkit of Instruments to

Measure End of Life Care (TIME). Additional studies were

identified primarily through searches by U.S. National Library

of Medicine (NLM) staff, complemented by RAND library

searches. The searches were limited to published articles in the

English language, appearing in journals between the years 1990

through 2004, involving human subjects, and did not include

individual case reports. NLM staff conducted the first search of

PubMed® in April 2004.

At the title screening stage, citations that clearly met the

following criteria were excluded: studies that enrolled only a

pediatric population (age 18 years and under); those that were

case studies with fewer than 30 cases; those that did not

consider palliative care; those that enrolled a non-Western

population or were published in a non-English journal; reviews

that were not systematic; clinical trials of chemotherapy,

radiotherapy, stent, laser, endoscopy, or surgery (unless effects

of the interventions were considered beyond effects on the

primary disease process); descriptions of ethical, legal, or

regulatory issues; descriptions of research processes; editorials,

histories, personal narratives, and other descriptive non-clinical

articles; articles about professional education (unless clinical or

patient outcomes described); articles about organ

transplantation or donation; articles that presented data only

from prior to the mid 1980s; and studies in which the

outcomes were lab or radiological tests or other physiological

indicators. Approved titles moved on to an abstract screening

phase. 
The Report

Studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria are summarized in

the evidence tables. The evidence tables provide detailed

information about the study design, patient characteristics,

inclusion and exclusion criteria, interventions evaluated, and

the outcomes. The study sample size offers a measure of the

weight of the evidence. Within the report, summaries of

systematic reviews and intervention studies appear in an

abbreviated form in tables, using summary measures of the

main outcomes. Narrative text summarizes the findings and

provides qualitative analysis in response to the key questions for

each topic area. 

Peer Review 

Nine peer reviewers and TEP members reviewed our report.

We compiled the comments and made appropriate changes to

the report.

Findings

Literature Review

Of the 21,745 titles identified through literature searches,

5,563 were considered to be of possible relevance and subject to

abstract review. The literature search of the DARE abstracts

identified 92 titles; 62 were considered potentially relevant to

our topic areas and proceeded to abstract review. Another 71

were added to the library of abstracts from the NICE

guidelines, the Health Canada reports, the Toolkit of

Instruments to Measure End of Life Care, and the files of our

content experts. After eliminating duplicates and considering

only citations for which an abstract was available, a total of

5,165 abstracts were reviewed.

Responses to Questions

Key Question 1a. What individual outcome measures are

most strongly associated with overall satisfaction with end-oflife care? 

Key Question 1b. What is the reliability and validity of

specific instruments for measuring quality of life or quality of

care at the end of life?

We identified 10 systematic reviews, 12 intervention studies,

and 17 observational studies on the subject of end-of-life care

and patient or caregiver satisfaction. The preponderance of the

interventional and observational literature supports the

effectiveness of palliative care for improving both patient and

caregiver satisfaction. Subjective measures of the end-of-life care

experience include both satisfaction and quality-of-care

measures, and these tools overlap significantly. Satisfaction or

quality-of-care instruments that assess focused aspects of endof-life care have been most useful in demonstrating the effects

of interventions. Nonspecific satisfaction instruments or studies

that use measures not specifically adapted for or developed for

palliative care settings have often demonstrated ceiling effects.

Possibly for that reason, effects of interventions on satisfaction

have been somewhat inconsistent. 

Measures of satisfaction that are more specific and strongly

related to explicit intervention aims or processes (e.g.,

communication, pain control, practical support and enhanced

caregiving) have demonstrated greater sensitivity to change and

support a process-outcome relationship among these variables.

The relationship of other processes or attributes of care (e.g.,

treatment of symptoms other than pain, spiritual support,

continuity and coordination of care) to satisfaction is less

evident in the literature, although such relationships are

supported qualitatively. The ability to demonstrate

relationships between these aspects of care and satisfaction may

be partially related to challenges in defining spiritual support as

an intervention and measuring spiritual support and continuity

of care.

With regard to measures, our review identified one highquality, widely recognized resource (Toolkit of Instruments to

Measure End of Life Care) available on the World Wide Web

at www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/bibliographies.htm that

systematically reviewed and compiled recommended

instruments for end-of-life research up to the year 2000. We

updated and superceded this review, identifying 48 new

measures to supplement the 35 existing recommended

measures within the Toolkit. Measure development is most

advanced for cancer populations or mixed populations that

consist largely of cancer patients. The largest number of

measures evaluated quality of life, quality of care, and

symptoms. The literature documents many measurement

challenges including proxy respondents, timing of interviews,

and cognitive thresholds. 

Key Question 2a: What individual patient factors are

associated with better or worse outcomes at the end of life?

Key Question 3a: What is the effectiveness of specific

healthcare interventions for improving specific outcomes in

patients at the end of life?

As our outcomes, we considered the specific symptoms of

pain, dyspnea, depression and anxiety, and behavioral effects of

dementia, as well as caregiver burden. We reviewed 27

systematic reviews or meta-analyses because they addressed

selected symptoms of a palliative care population. Of those 27,

we identified 12 that addressed the project questions and met

implicit quality criteria. Two of the reviews included here

focused specifically on a cancer population, one focused on

patients with COPD, three focused on patients with dementia,

and another six did not limit their reviews to only one disease

3
4

cohort. We also reviewed 18 intervention studies and 14

observational studies that fulfilled our criteria.

The evidence base supporting the effectiveness of

interventions for cancer pain is quite strong, but additional

descriptive information about the experience of pain at the end

of life for conditions other than cancer is needed. Studies of

opioid treatment to relieve cancer pain were among the

strongest in terms of study design. Few complementary and

alternative medicine (CAM) interventions had a beneficial

impact on pain relief; acupuncture and massage produced

short-term pain relief in cancer patients. Studies of nonpharmacologic interventions—both CAM and mainstream—

are small and of varied quality. None of the review studies and

only four of the intervention studies included non-cancer

patients; none of these studies focused on a single disease. 

Several small, promising studies support the beneficial effect

of opioids on dyspnea; one meta-analysis and three intervention

studies reported mostly beneficial results for cancer and

COPD. Relatively few studies have described the experience of

dyspnea, despite the fact that dyspnea is a characteristic

symptom of several important end-of-life conditions (e.g.,

advanced cancer, COPD, CHF). The evidence from the

reviews and individual intervention studies does not strongly

support a role for oxygen therapy in the management of

dyspnea in cancer patients. Exercise interventions may have a

beneficial effect on those with severe COPD and CHF but

have not been tested in cancer patients. In small, short-term

studies, acupuncture, acupressure, and relaxation therapy

showed some clinical benefit. 

Effective interventions have targeted the pharmacologic

treatment of depression in cancer, but relatively few studies

have evaluated short-acting drugs (e.g., non-Selective Serotonin

Reuptake Inhibitors [SSRIs]) or the treatment of depression in

non-cancer conditions. We identified one extensive review of

the intervention literature regarding depression treatment in

cancer patients. Of the seven interventions considered by this

review, five focused on cancer patients. The other review and

two intervention studies focused on other disease cohorts (one

study focused specifically on depression in CHF patients, the

other on mixed disease). SSRI’s have been shown to be effective

in treating depression in palliative care populations. Behavioral

and CAM interventions have demonstrated mixed results.

Given the potential survival time after a diagnosis of

dementia, it is not clear what proportion of the populations in

studies evaluating interventions for behavioral problems in

dementia are clearly near the end of life. The literature

addresses many symptoms including aggressive/disruptive

behavior, agitation, wandering, and mood lability. These

studies suggest that a variety of non-pharmacologic therapies

may be effective. Pharmaceutical interventions were the subject

of only a few studies we identified and produced mixed results.

Because the literature on dementia is beset by many

methodological limitations, it is difficult to make definitive

statements about the best treatment for these patients.

With regard to burdens of caregiving other than

bereavement, we identified eight systematic reviews and metaanalyses that were relevant to family or informal caregiving.

Three dealt with outcomes of caregivers for patients with

dementia or other chronic illness, while five dealt with cancer

patients or other life-threatening illnesses. We identified 13

additional studies assessing interventions and caregiver burden

and 18 observational studies. Of these, seven studies evaluated

the effect of caregiving interventions on terminally ill patients,

nine studies investigated the impact of two critical transitions

faced by many caregivers (nursing home placement or the

death of the care recipient, and only two studies examined the

needs of terminally ill non-cancer patients and their caregivers.

In general, a variety of interventions were studied for a broad

range of caregivers (e.g., spouses, adult children, others),

primarily caregivers to dementia patients.12, 13 Palliative care

caregiver interventions were studied mostly in terminal cancer

patient caregivers,14-17 usually as a supplement to clinical

palliative care services being provided to the terminally ill

patient. Most studies, whether on dementia or end-of-life

caregiver interventions, focused on caregiver burden (objective

and subjective burden) as the main outcome measure, but

outcomes also included psychological distress (stress,

depression), anxiety, coping skills, life satisfaction, health related

quality of life, satisfaction with services or care, morale, rate of

patient home death, rates of patient institutionalization, and

costs. 

Two kinds of interventions were used to address caregiver

burden: individual and group interventions. The interventions

included education, counseling, support groups, home health,

hospice, or palliative care services to caregivers, singly, or in

some combination. For the most part, intervention studies

have reported inconsistent results. Larger treatment effects have

been found for individual interventions, although group

interventions predominate in the literature. Multi-component

interventions and some respite services have shown positive

(though small) impacts on caregiver burden. The

inconsistencies in the literature may be attributable to the

differences in the caregiver outcome measurement, research

design, and analytical methods used. 

With regard to continuity of care, we identified 9 systematic

reviews that potentially dealt with the subject of continuity. We

identified an additional 20 intervention studies and 17 relevant

observational studies that met our criteria. A preponderance of

evidence from systematic reviews and interventions support the

efficacy of interventions to improve continuity of palliative
cancer care. In addition, we found some lower quality evidence

that palliative HIV care could improve continuity of care.

Interventions embody a variety of successful approaches

including aspects of management, informational, and

interpersonal continuity as well as comprehensive integrated

care such as palliative care services. We found evidence for the

effectiveness of interventions targeting care at multiple levels—

provider, patient, provider/patient interface, and multiple

settings but particularly home and hospital. Our review is

limited in that it identified no evidence related to improving

continuity across multiple sites of care. 

Although we identified many effective interventions for

improving continuity in CHF care, few of these explicitly

addressed or reported patient-centered palliative outcomes (e.g.,

improvement in dyspnea, greater advance care planning,

caregiving impact). However, interventions that improved

continuity (often measured as hospital re-admission) share

features of successful interventions in general, including longer

intervention periods, coordination among providers, and

regular, structured home assessment. Many CHF interventions

specifically excluded patients who were ‘terminally ill,’ limiting

their generalizability. Most interventions have targeted readmission to the hospital or other kinds of high cost care, but

interventions are needed to understand how to improve

continuity in other settings as well.

The usual practice of advance directives and advance care

planning is supported by little reliable scientific evidence of

efficacy in improving outcomes. Improved communication

and planning has some tendency toward improved patient and

family satisfaction, and certainly anecdotes and small series

point to patient and family frustration and disappointment

with seriously flawed communication. Nevertheless, high

quality research designs have not often been applied to these

questions and, when applied, have shown quite modest effects,

even upon increasing the rate of making decisions in advance.

Whether improved advance care planning actually improves the

experience for patients and their families has only thin and

equivocal evidence. 

Recommendations and Future Research

Our literature review identified a very large and diverse body

of literature reflecting the tremendous growth and importance

of the field of end-of-life care over the last decade. This review

of the scientific evidence underlying key parts of the field of

end-of-life care illuminates strengths of the field as well as

opportunities for research. We identified evidence supporting

the association of satisfaction and quality of care with pain

management, communication, practical support and enhanced

caregiving. The literature review identified evidence to support

the effectiveness of interventions to improve satisfaction;

ameliorate cancer pain, relieve depression in cancer, nonpharmacologic interventions for behavioral problems in

dementia, and foster continuity in cancer and CHF care.

Evidence is strongest in cancer reflecting the degree to which

palliative care has already been integrated into the research

agenda and clinical practice of oncology. 

We also identified several opportunities for future research to

strengthen the evidence base for end-of-life care. Our

recommendations are as follows:

1. Research would benefit from characterizing the

implications of alternative conceptual and operational

definitions of the “end of life,” particularly for important

conditions. Efforts to define populations with specific

symptoms, informational and caregiver needs, and risks of

discontinuity are needed.

2. Further measure development should emphasize testing

the highest quality measures in important settings (e.g.,

hospital, nursing home, hospice, and ambulatory care).

These measures need to be evaluated in diverse

populations (e.g., racial/ethnic groups, non-cancer

conditions). 

3. Studies evaluating satisfaction should use specific measures

that reflect processes of care, and studies should examine

the relationship of satisfaction to less studied processes

such as non-pain symptoms, spiritual support, and

continuity.

4. Methodological challenges in measurement require

focused research. Strengthened research infrastructure

including collaborative networks should be considered.

5. Symptoms have been relatively well-characterized in

cancer, but high-quality studies of the incidence and

epidemiology of pain and other symptoms, the

relationship among symptoms, and the clinical

significance of symptoms are needed in non-cancer

conditions.

6. Small, high-quality studies suggest the effectiveness of

interventions to alleviate dyspnea. Larger studies of

interventions to alleviate dyspnea in cancer and noncancer conditions are needed.

7. Studies that evaluate short- as well as long-term treatment

of depression in palliative care settings are needed.

8. Research supports the effectiveness of interventions for

cancer and dementia caregiving. High-quality studies in

other populations are needed. These studies need to pay

special attention to methodologic issues such as careful,

specific measurement of outcome variables. 

9. The economic and social dimensions of caregiving need

additional research.

5
6

10. Substantial evidence supports interventions to improve

continuity between home and hospital. Continuity

research needs to look at other settings in which most

patients are cared for, e.g., ambulatory care. Additional

study of nursing home-hospital continuity and studies

that incorporate multiple settings and providers are

needed. 

11. Studies of continuity in CHF and other conditions should

incorporate the palliative domains described above (e.g.,

physical and psychological symptoms, caregiver burden,

advance care planning) and need to be more generalizable

to the sickest patients. Such studies need to include

patients with multiple comorbidities.

12. Rigorous research in advance care planning is needed to

understand how to best achieve patient and family goals

(as opposed to evaluating resource allocation), and such

research needs to address fundamental processes of care

planning.

Availability of the Full Report

The full evidence report from which this summary was taken

was prepared for the Agency for Healthcare Research and

Quality (AHRQ) by the Southern California Evidence-based

Practice Center, under Contract No. 290-02-0003. It is

expected to be available in December 2004. At that time,

printed copies may be obtained free of charge from the AHRQ

Publications Clearinghouse by calling 800-358-9295.

Requesters should ask for Evidence Report/Technology

Assessment No. 110, End-of-Life Care and Outcomes. In

addition, Internet users will be able to access the report and this

summary online through AHRQ’s Web site at www.ahrq.gov.

Suggested Citation

Lorenz K, Lynn J, Morton SC, Dy S, Mularski R,

Shugarman L, Sun V, Wilkinson AM, Maglione M, Shekelle

PG. End-of-Life Care and Outcomes. Summary, Evidence

Report/Technology Assessment No. 110. (Prepared by the

Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center, under

Contract No. 290-02-0003.) AHRQ Publication 

No. 05-E004-1. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare

Research and Quality. December 2004.

References

1. Hogan C, Lynn J, Gabel J, Lunney J, Mara A, Wilkinson A. Medicare

beneficiaries’ costs and use of care in the last year of life. Washington,

DC: The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission. 2000.

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Deaths: Preliminary Data

for 2002. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/releases/04news/infantmort.htm.

Accessed February 18, 2004.

3. Institute for the Future. Health and Healthcare 2010: The Forecast,

The Challenge. Princeton, NJ: Josey-Bass; 2003.

4. Kaye S, LaPlante MP, Carlson D, Wenger BL. Trends in disability

rates in the United States, 1970-1994. Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services. 1996.

5. Anderson G, Horvarth J, Anderson C. Chronic conditions: Making

the case for ongoing care. Baltimore, MD. 2002.

6. Lunney JR, Lynn J, Foley DJ, et al. Patterns of functional decline at

the end of life. JAMA 2003;289(18):2387-92.

7. Teno JM, Weitzen S, Fennell ML, et al. Dying trajectory in the last

year of life: does cancer trajectory fit other diseases? J Palliat Med

2001;4(4):457-64.

8. Knaus WA, Harrell FE Jr, Lynn J, et al. The SUPPORT prognostic

model. Objective estimates of survival for seriously ill hospitalized

adults. Study to understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes

and risks of treatments. Ann Intern Med 1995;122(3):191-203.

9. Covinsky KE, Eng C, Lui LY, et al. The last 2 years of life: functional

trajectories of frail older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(4):492-8.

10. Fried LP, Guralnik JM. Disability in older adults: evidence regarding

significance, etiology, and risk. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45(1):92-100.

11. Jones J, Hunter D. Consensus methods for medical and health

services research. BMJ 1995;311( 7001):376-80.

12. Acton GJ, Winter MA. Interventions for family members caring for

an elder with dementia. Annu Rev Nurs Res 2002;20:149-79.

13. Yin T, Zhou Q, Bashford C. Burden on family members: caring for

frail elderly: a meta-analysis of interventions. Nurs Res

2002;51(3):199-208.

14. Gysels M, Higginson IJ. Improving supportive and palliative care for

adults with cancer. Research Evidence Manual. London, England:

National Institute of Clinical Excellence. 2004.

15. Wilson D. Outcomes and evaluation of end of life care. Edmonton,

Alberta Canada: University of Alberta. In press.

16. Wilson D. End of life case management. Edmonton, Alberta Canada:

University of Alberta. In press.

17. Wilson D. Continuity of end of life care. Edmonton, Alberta Canada:

University of Alberta. In press.

www.ahrq.gov

AHRQ Pub. No. 05-E004-1

December 2004

ISSN 1530-440X
1 

Chapter 1. Introduction

Background and Context 

Only a century ago, death was common at every age and dying usually quickly followed the 

onset of disease or injury. Now, public health measures and health care prevent or cure many 

previously fatal illnesses or injuries, allowing most Americans to live into old age. Medications 

and treatments now often allow prolonged survival with serious chronic conditions. More than 

75% of Americans now live past age 65,1

 and 83% of Americans now die while covered by 

Medicare.1

 In 2000, the average life expectancy was 80 years for women and 74 years for men, 

compared to just 49 years in 1900.2

 By 2050, life expectancy for women and men will likely 

increase to 84 and 80, respectively.3

 

Rather than a brief, well-defined period, the “end of life” today refers to a prolonged, 

uncertain period of difficulty because many Americans today live their last years with a 

advanced, chronic illness. In fact, such conditions affect 15% of the adult U.S. population.4, 5 Of 

these, one-twelfth have severe cognitive impairments,6

 almost one-third have difficulty walking,7

and one-fifth have impaired vision.8

 With advancing age, the likelihood of disability increases 

dramatically.9

 After age 85, only one person in twenty reports being fully mobile.10 Age and 

disability are strongly associated with further declines in functioning, recurrent hospitalization, 

institutionalization, and death, even after accounting for other risk factors.11, 12 

An important group of chronic conditions consists of those that typically worsen and 

eventually cause death (e.g., cancer; chronic heart, lung, liver, or renal disease; dementia; and 

stroke). Nine-tenths of the elderly insured by Medicare live with one or more of these conditions 

in the year before death.1

 Most Americans will have a substantial period of serious illness before 

dying, with onset months or years before death. Already, half of Americans who live to be 85 

years have major memory loss in their final years.13 By 2030, persons over 80 years of age will 

increase from approximately 3% to over 5% of the population, numbering 19 million.14 Trends in 

the rates of late-life disability are uncertain,15 but the growing size of the aging population 

suggests that many Americans will face chronic illness and impairment when the baby boomers 

grow old. 

Over the past several decades, analyses underscored the cost of caring for chronic illness 

during the last years of life. For example, more than one-third of lifetime expenditures are still 

ahead of a person who is alive at age 85, and more than half are still ahead of a person at age 

65.16 Reports have consistently and repeatedly demonstrated that the last year of life consumes 

about 30% of lifetime Medicare expenditures.1, 17-19 The length of time a person lives is relatively 

unimportant in predicting total costs, and lifetime medical expenditures are similar for those who 

start retirement healthier and those who start more disabled, because even healthier persons 

eventually reach the disabled state at the end of life, and that period of time is very costly.20

Framework for the Systematic Review 

For persons living with advanced, chronic disease, neither prevention nor cure is ordinarily 

possible. Rather than a simple, straightforward aim like survival, which makes sense as a priority 

for most of life, people who are living with advanced and eventually fatal illness have 

complicated priorities like living well as long as possible but not suffering unduly, and being 
2

close to and cared for by family but also not being a weighty burden on them. In this phase of 

life, care must serve multiple and complex goals and is affected by patient, caregiver, and 

healthcare system factors. A comprehensive description of the experience of patients living with 

advanced illness and their caregivers requires consideration of a range of conceptually 

overlapping measures including satisfaction, quality of care, quality of dying, and quality of 

life.21, 22 

Both expert opinion and research on the end-of-life experiences of patients, caregivers, and 

providers inform a description of the major domains for evaluating the end-of-life experience. 

These core considerations arise from the experience of both patients and caregivers and 

include23-31

• pain and other symptom prevention and treatment 

• adequate support for families and caregivers including bereavement 

• continuity of health care 

• treatment consistent with patient and family preferences and medical knowledge 

• effective, empathic communication about diagnoses, prognosis, and care plans 

• well-being, including addressing existential and spiritual concerns 

• function and self-determination 

• length of survival. 

For this report, we addressed several categories among these outcomes that are relevant to 

particular aspects of the patient’s and family’s experience, and healthcare system concerns. To 

examine the patient’s experience, we focused upon symptoms, particularly pain, dyspnea, 

depression and anxiety, and behavioral issues in dementia. To examine the family’s experience, 

we focused on caregiving (excluding bereavement). To examine on the healthcare system’s 

performance, we focused on continuity of care. The joint endeavor of decision-making and 

providing care consistent with preferences focused on advance care planning. 

Pain, Dyspnea, Depression and Anxiety, and Behavioral Symptoms in 

Dementia 

When a person is living with advanced illness and coming to the end of life, effective 

prevention and relief of symptoms becomes a high priority. Symptoms are subjective indicators 

of distress and the primary reason patients seek care, and they remain important in and of 

themselves even when the underlying causes of illness are increasingly difficult to modify. 

Effective pain management is a palliative focus for many conditions, and pain is among the 

most debilitating and feared symptoms that patients and families face. Studies demonstrate a pain 

prevalence of 70–100% among cancer patients,32-34 and an Institute of Medicine conference 

recently named pain in advanced cancer as one of five high-leverage targets for national 

reform.35 Undertreatment and inequitable access to pain treatment have been described among 

many cancer patients presenting with pain.36, 37 Pain is also prevalent among patients with 

advanced health conditions other than cancer38-40 underscoring the importance of evaluating the 

scientific evidence relevant to pain in both cancer and non-cancer conditions. 
3

Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is an especially troublesome symptom that is characteristic 

of conditions including advanced chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and congestive heart 

failure (CHF).38, 40, 41 The Institute of Medicine also named improving palliative care for CHF 

and COPD as one of five national priority areas for quality improvement.35 Understanding and 

treating dyspnea better would represent important progress in these priority conditions.1

 Dyspnea 

is also an important symptom in cancer—in primary malignancies (e.g., lung), metastatic disease 

(e.g., metastasis to the lung), and as a consequence of treatment or progressive disease (e.g., 

associated with anemia). 

Depression has increasingly come to attention as a cause of suffering in advancing illness.42

Similarly, the suffering that anxiety causes might well be mitigated with better care arrangements 

and medications.43 These and other behavioral symptoms such as wandering are especially 

important as manifestations of dementia.44 Such symptoms create difficulties for caregivers of 

demented patients, including nursing homes where Americans increasingly reside during their 

final years.45 Certain approaches to these symptoms (e.g., restraints) can be particularly harmful, 

and disseminating effective alternatives could improve palliative care in nursing homes and other 

settings for these patients. 

Caregiver Experience 

Families and other informal caregivers are essential in meeting an individual’s physical and 

psychosocial needs and in accomplishing treatment goals. Caregivers provide substantial 

amounts of assistance with daily living tasks, watching over symptoms and general health, 

monitoring and administering medications, and coordinating care among health and social 

service providers, as well as through emotional support. This is particularly true when patients 

live with prolonged illness such as dementia, which has a median life expectancy of 3.5 years 

according to a large, recent prospective cohort study.46 Caregiver responsibilities do not end with 

admission to a nursing home because caregivers continue to provide significant personal support 

even in the nursing home.47-49 

Families and other caregivers face emotional, physical, and economic consequences as a 

result and may lack reliable support for their responsibilities.39, 50, 51 Emanuel surveyed nearly 

1000 caregivers and found that 35% reported substantial care needs that consumed time, money, 

and affected employment and borrowing, and that financial and nonfinancial caregiving burdens 

were related to depression as well as thoughts about physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia.52

Almost half of personal bankruptcy is associated with medical illness,53 and adverse financial 

circumstances may affect family decision-making.54 Caregiver stresses do not diminish even 

after institutional placement.49 

Continuity of Care 

Continuity is an important goal that is mostly the responsibility of healthcare providers to 

foster. When a patient has complex illness, care is often characterized by multiple providers and 

settings, and continuity is important and elusive. A recent review identified irreducible elements 

of continuity including a focus on the individual patient and a concern with care delivery over 

time.55 Aspects of continuity include a patient’s having an ongoing relationship with specific 

providers, standardizing approaches to care so that services are delivered in an integrated, 

consistent fashion, and ensuring that information about the disease process or the preferences and 

values of the individual follow the patient into every setting of care.30, 55 
4

Evidence suggests that discontinuity is a significant but addressable problem at the end of 

life. Discontinuity has been demonstrated in communicating treatment preferences, and in events 

related to late transfers among settings of care.56-58 Hospice might be effective in promoting 

continuity—family members of hospice patients are less likely to report that providers do not 

know enough about a family member’s clinical situation to provide the best care.59 Important 

aspects of care related to continuity include record keeping, various settings of care, and 

effective planning for the acute problems and symptoms patients face when they are near the end 

of life. 

Advance Care Planning 

Advance care planning (ACP) depends upon forecasting the challenges that the patient and 

family will face due to illness, medical treatment, and other concerns. When an important 

decision can be anticipated, the decision-making process is usually envisioned as including a 

prediction of the situation, awareness of alternative care plans, elicitation of preferences, and a 

final melding of preferences and alternatives into a coherent plan. Closely related issues include 

the need to make advance care plans available when patients need them and across settings, 

implementing advance care plans, and understanding their overall effects. 

The early emphasis of advance care planning was on legal initiatives, although the concept 

has been broadened to emphasize the need to plan ahead and shape the course of care.60 The 

1990 Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) required states to articulate their statutory 

provisions and healthcare providers to inform patients of their rights and record any advance 

directives (ADs). The legalistic origins of ADs emphasized protecting patients’ rights by 

granting them enforceable authority to make their own decisions. A broader construction of ACP 

recognizes that concerned parties are allied to discern what course best serves the patient and to 

ensure specific steps to make that course more likely. In addition to ADs, this requires practical 

arrangements (e.g., having the right medications in place). A number of authors have suggested 

that ACP should be targeted based on age, medical conditions, the patient’s health status, social 

circumstances, and beliefs.60, 61 

Summary 

Given these significant concerns, the present offers an opportune time to conduct a 

systematic review to inform the research agenda for palliative care. Research to target gaps in 

knowledge will facilitate the quality, effectiveness, and affordability of care as well as access to 

care for patients and caregivers living with advanced illness. Thus, in order to evaluate progress 

and to propose research priorities the National Institute for Nursing Research, with the Agency 

for Healthcare Research and Quality, commissioned this Evidence Report as the basis for a State 

of the Science Conference in December 2004.
5

Chapter 2. Methods 

Task Order Questions 

The National Institute on Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, requested this 

systematic review in preparation for a State of the Science conference to be held in December 

2004. The following key questions were originally posed in the Request for Task Order (RFTO): 

1. What outcome variables are valid indicators of the quality of the end-of-life 

experience for the dying person and for the surviving loved ones? 

a. What individual outcome measures are most strongly associated with overall 

satisfaction with end-of-life care? 

b. What is the reliability and validity of specific instruments for measuring quality of 

life or quality of care at end of life? 

2. What patient, family, and healthcare system factors are associated with better or 

worse outcomes at end of life? 

a. What individual patient factors (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, underlying 

illness, education) are associated with better or worse outcomes at end of life? 

b. What family factors (e.g., relationship to patient, race/ethnicity) are associated 

with better or worse outcomes at end of life, including both outcomes reported by 

the family and how the family affects outcomes experienced by the patient? 

c. What healthcare system factors (e.g., site of care, type of provider, support 

services) are associated with better or worse outcomes? 

3. What processes and interventions are associated with improved or worsened 

outcomes?

a. What is the effectiveness of specific healthcare interventions for improving 

specific outcomes in patients at end of life? 

b. Does effectiveness of specific interventions vary among different populations? 

4. What are future research directions for improving end-of-life care?

Overview 

In order to proceed with the task order, we assembled a team of clinical and methodological 

experts and staff and worked closely with the directors and staff of the Southern California 

Evidence Based Practice Center. Dr. Karl Lorenz led the day-to-day work of the review and 

writing teams with the close assistance and regular involvement of Drs. Joanne Lynn, Paul 

Shekelle, and Sally Morton. Our team included eight literature reviewers (with Dr. Lorenz) 

whose interests span broad concerns in palliative care and represented nursing, medicine, and 

gerontology. Reviewers possessed diverse clinical experience and included an oncology nurse, 

one intensivist, and two general internist/palliative care physicians. Our gerontologist reviewers 

possess special expertise in nursing home and hospice issues. The overall team met weekly to 

review and refine the methodology of the task order. Meetings and teleconferences of the 

SCEPC staff with technical experts helped specify issues central to this report within the 

framework of the key questions provided by AHRQ and NINR. The SCEPC conducted a 

comprehensive search of the medical literature to identify studies addressing the key questions. 

Staff reviewed relevant articles, compiled tables of study characteristics and results, appraised 

the methodological quality of the controlled trials, and summarized results. 
6

Technical Expert Panel—Scope and Approach to the Report 

In consultation with our Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Task Order 

Officer and the NIH Conference Panel Chair, we created a Technical Expert Panel (TEP) to 

guide the evidence report. We invited a multidisciplinary group of leading scientists and 

clinicians with expertise in nursing, gerontology, and palliative medicine and a broad knowledge 

of research and policy issues in the field of palliative care in both the United States and Europe 

to participate. The list of potential technical experts and their curriculum vitae were submitted to 

the Task Order Officer for approval, and a list of members is included in Appendix F. 

Project staff worked closely with AHRQ, the Chair of the State of the Science Conference, 

and the TEP to refine the research questions and focus on the relevant outcomes in the topic 

areas. Before the contract was awarded, the sponsors had decided not to focus upon children or 

drugs used in palliative care. In considering the scientific literature that our review might 

address, we found it necessary to further focus and narrow the research questions. 

One consideration was to represent the field by focusing on important, representative clinical 

conditions. We wanted to address important settings of care and also to illuminate important 

aspects of the patient and caregiver experience. Cancer patients experience a somewhat 

predictable decline, and are often served by hospice in their final weeks.1

 In contrast, patients 

with organ system failure (e.g., CHF, COPD) may experience stable but impaired function 

punctuated by unpredictable, severe illness and rather sudden death62-64and are less often served 

by hospice. Patients with dementia have prolonged declines and often reside in nursing homes.9, 

65 As an organizing principle, our analysis deliberately highlighted evidence that illuminated the 

experience of living through the end of life with 

• cancer 

• chronic heart failure 

• dementia. 

A second consideration in approaching the topic is that the category “end of life” has been 

undergoing substantial changes in recent years, and the lack of a settled definition has greatly 

limited the coherence of the research literature.21 Previous systematic reviews concerned with 

end-of-life care have focused on well-bounded disease states (e.g., cancer), clinical conditions, 

(e.g., pain), or specific treatments (e.g., palliative services).66-69 In organizing a review around 

the “end of life” population, George observed variation among operational definitions used in 

research, including diagnosis; prognostic criteria including diagnosis; symptom expression; 

functional capacity; provider, patient, and family estimates of life expectancy; or particular 

healthcare settings (e.g., ICU).21

These varying operational approaches reflect a few clinically relevant distinctions. Some 

investigators may use “end of life” to mean the last few days or hours, roughly corresponding to 

what hospice nurses call “active dying.” Others mean a larger group of people who would be 

eligible for hospice with the six-month prognosis required for hospice admission or some other 

arbitrary prognostic interval. The broadest approach uses “end of life” to denote the part of life 

when a person is impaired with an eventually fatal condition, even if the prognosis is ambiguous. 

We did not distinguish among these approaches in our review and implicitly accepted the 
7

broadest definition—of a period of time when a person and his or her family are living with the 

challenges of advanced illness. 

The first of a series of calls was held April 28, 2004 with our Chair and the TEP, and we 

narrowed the scope in a fashion consistent with the sponsor’s priorities not to include 

chemotherapy, radiotherapy, stents, surgery, and other similar medically invasive or technically 

complex procedures. The TEP and the project sponsor also added a preliminary question of the 

evidence underlying various potential definitions of the field. For that reason, in addition to the 

task order questions, we also examined a preliminary question (Appendix A) of prognostication 

within the end-of-life literature. 

Furthermore, since the RFTO was organized around outcomes in the end-of-life literature, we 

discussed considerations related to specific outcomes with the TEP and conducted a modified 

Cambridge ballot (see Appendix G) to prioritize those outcomes for inquiry.70 TEP members 

rated aspects of end-of-life care, on the basis of 

• relative importance 

• relationship to patient experience 

• feasibility 

• relevance to clinical care and healthcare policy 

• the availability of recent reviews on the topic 

• ability to illuminate differences in the strength of research 

• modifiability in clinical practice and policy. 

Each potential topic that included pain, affective symptoms, other symptoms, quality of life, 

spiritual or existential well-being, caregiver well-being and satisfaction, provider 

communication, advance care planning, continuity and coordination, utilization of services, and 

site of death was rated independently by each TEP member on each of the above attributes on a 

scale of 0–10. We totaled the score for each topic area and discussed the findings with TEP 

members, asking them to reflect on their rankings. The TEP and the sponsors agreed that the 

EPC search would not include grief and bereavement, spiritual issues, highly technical care 

(defined as surgery, stents, laser therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy and similar 

technological innovations), or general issues of communication including giving bad news. 

Keeping in mind the sponsor’s priorities of focusing on aspects of the patient and family 

experience, and healthcare system concerns, this process resulted in our final decision to focus 

on the following topic areas in addition to satisfaction with care (specified in Question 1a). 
8

• The patient’s experience, focused on Symptoms, particularly 

• Pain 

• Dyspnea (shortness of breath) 

• Depression or anxiety 

• Behavioral issues in dementia. 

• The family’s experience, focused on Caregiving (excluding bereavement). 

• The healthcare system’s performance, focused on Continuity. 

• The joint endeavor of decision-making and providing care consistent with 

preferences, focused upon Advance Care Planning. 

Table 1 illustrates the task order questions and how we organized the report to address the 

sponsor’s priorities of the patient and family’s experience, and the healthcare system’s 

performance. 

Table 1. Report Section by Key Question 

Key Question Section of Report 

Preliminary The scope of the population (Appendix A) 

Q 1a Chapter 3 A. Better and worse outcomes, especially patient and family satisfaction 

Q 1b Chapter 3 B. Measurement of outcome elements for the patient and family 

Q 2 and 3 Chapter 3 C. The patient experience, especially symptoms 

Chapter 3 D. The family experience, especially caregiving 

Chapter 3 E. Health-care system performance, especially continuity of services 

Chapter 3 F. Decision-making, especially advance care planning 

Q2 

Q3 

Chapter 3 G. Summary of patient, family, and health system factors associated with 

better or worse outcomes 

Chapter 3 H. Summary of the effectiveness of interventions 

Q 4 Chapter 4. Future research directions for improving end-of-life care 

The reader will note that this implements a general strategy of including a broad scope, but 

also providing focus on a specific important issue within each dimension of that scope. This 

strategy deliberately leaves some important issues incompletely addressed or not addressed at all. 

In addition to the exclusion of children and drugs mentioned earlier, this strategy means that this 

report does not address, except in passing, such issues as spirituality, bereavement, rehabilitation, 

withdrawal of life support, or any of an array of additional symptoms (fatigue, seizures, delirium, 

hallucinations, pressure ulcers, and so on). The report also does not focus on many important 

illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, multi-organ system failure, end-stage renal disease, chronic 

obstructive lung disease, frailty of old age, or neurological degenerative conditions other than 

dementia. Finally, articles on advanced illness but which did not include the search terms we 

used related to “end of life” in the title, abstract, or indexing terms were not are likely not to be 

included, except by nomination of one of the expert reviewers. 
9

Analytic Framework 

Donabedian’s quality-of-care framework structures our examination of the associations 

among outcomes considered by the project. Donabedian described the relationship between 

outcomes, processes, and structure of care.71 Quality of care, quality of dying, quality of life, and 

satisfaction are various distal outcomes that apply in varying degrees to both patients and 

caregivers.21, 22 Other topics we chose to examine (e.g., pain and symptoms, advance care 

planning, caregiver burdens, and continuity/coordination) could be considered as both processes 

of care related to these more global outcomes or as outcome themselves. In addition, some of 

these concerns may be understood as processes that affect other considerations as outcomes (e.g., 

improved pain and symptom management could reduce caregiver anxiety or improved continuity 

could improve pain management). 

Evidence Sources and Searches 

Literature Searches 

Sources for our review included Medline, the Database of Reviews of Effects (DARE), the 

National Consensus Project for Palliative Care, and several recent unpublished systematic 

reviews from National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) and Health Canada. National 

Library of Medicine (NLM) staff performed most of the searches, complemented by RAND 

library searches. Members of the project team worked closely with the TEP and librarians at 

NLM to decide how to refine the search strategy. We limited the searches to published articles in 

the English language, appearing in journals between the years 1990 through 2004, involving 

human subjects, and excluding individual case reports. The first search of PubMed was 

conducted by NLM staff in April 2004. The main search strategy included an extensive list of 

terms intended to identify all research publications associated with 

• palliative or end-of-life care 

• both overall (e.g., quality of life, quality of care, quality of death, satisfaction) and 

specific outcomes (e.g., pain and other symptoms) of interest 

• measures and measurement 

• individual, family or caregiver, and health system factors 

• the full scope of healthcare settings relevant to end-of-life care.

The initial search strategy can be found in Appendix B1. 

RAND and NLM created supplemental search strategies (Appendix B2) one week after the 

initial searches to enrich the initial set of citations. One revised search included terms on 

psychological and physical symptoms (i.e., pain, depression, anxiety) and specific healthcare 

services (i.e., nursing homes, hospice, home care) related to end-of-life care. The other new 

search focused on our three exemplary clinical conditions: cancer, heart failure, and dementia. 

Given the large number of citations identified through Medline, additional searches of other 

electronic databases simply were not possible within the resources and time constraints of the 

project. 
10

Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness 

DARE contains structured abstracts of high-quality systematic reviews published in the 

scientific literature. DARE also contains references to other reviews which may be useful for 

background information. The reviews are identified by searching through key medical journals, 

bibliographic databases, and less widely available “gray literature.” DARE includes papers that 

review the effectiveness of healthcare interventions or organization. The quality of the database 

content relies upon ensuring that all reviewers work to specified guidelines, and that independent 

checks on the review process are carried out. DARE is produced by the Centre for Reviews and 

Dissemination (CRD) at the University of York, UK. Full information about the database is 

available on the DARE website at http://york.ac.uk/inst/crd/darehp. 

As displayed in Appendix B3, we searched for systematic reviews on cancer, heart failure, 

dementia, palliative care, and the topics we focused on for this review. One of us (KL) searched 

DARE using relevant terms and conducted an implicit title review of the resulting citations. 

National Consensus Project 

In February 2004, the National Consensus Project (NCP) for quality palliative care published 

guidelines to improve the delivery of palliative care in the United States. NCP conducted a 

search of the end-of-life literature that, although not strictly systematic, was extensive and 

gathered the input of clinical, research, and policy leaders in palliative care selected through a 

national nomination process. Five palliative care organizations oversaw the National Consensus 

Project including the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine (www.aahpm.org), 

the Center to Advance Palliative Care (www.capc.org), the Hospice and Palliative Nurses 

Association: (www.hpna.org), the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization 

(www.nhpco.org), and the Last Acts Partnership (www.lastactspartnership.org). We incorporated 

the entire reference list, eliminated duplicates, and screened studies that were not otherwise 

identified through our computerized searches. 

Major Recent Systematic Reviews of Palliative Care 

In addition to systematic review citations identified via DARE and Medline, the project 

identified several unpublished but important reviews (listed chronologically by recency) of the 

end-of-life literature relevant to our task order directives and topics. These were evaluated for 

quality, and those accepted as high-quality reviews (see below) were key sources for certain 

topics of the review. 

2003 NICE Systematic Review of Supportive Care for Cancer. TEP member Prof. Irene 

Higginson provided a systematic review on Improving Supportive and Palliative Care for Adults 

with Cancer that was conducted for the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in 

2003.72 This recently published review (available at 

http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=110005) evaluated studies from Medline, EMBASE, 

CINAHL, Cochrane Registry of Controlled Clinical Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of 

Systematic Reviews, and an Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) specialist 

register published from 1966 to 2003, and was organized around a wide variety of supportive 

interventions in oncology including coordination of care, patient activation, communication, 

information provision, psychological support, social support, spiritual support, palliative care 

services, rehabilitation, complementary therapies, and family and caregiver support. Of 5263 

studies reviewed, 443 potentially eligible studies were accepted after abstract review. 
11

2003 Health Canada Reports. Health Canada, Canada’s federal department of health 

provided an unpublished review that evaluated studies from nine databases (Medline, EMBASE, 

CINAHL, AHMED, PsychInfo, Eric, HealthStar, Sociological Abstracts, and Cochrane and 

covered the period 1987–2003). This Health Canada project generated 32 recent reports on a 

wide variety of topics, our review by two project investigators identified 14 of these as relevant 

to our task order directive and principal topic areas. Titles of all 32 reports are listed in Appendix 

C. 

2000 Toolkit of Measures for End of Life Care (TIME). TEP member Dr. Joan Teno 

published the Toolkit, which arose from a review of over 928 articles identified from 1967 

through 2000 and which selected 293 measures as potentially relevant to end-of-life care 

research. The Toolkit review through 2000 recommended 35 unique measures based on the 

criteria that (1) measures should be patient-focused, family-centered, clinically meaningful, and 

manageable in their application; (2) measures should strive for reliability, validity, and 

responsiveness; (3) measures should be user-friendly and relevant to quality evaluation and 

improvement; (4) measures should incorporate both the patient and family perspectives; and (5) 

measures should examine both the process and the outcomes of care. The website, 

www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/bibliographies.htm, gives an extensive summary of the Toolkit. The 

Toolkit is a well-known and widely used resource within the palliative care community and 

served as a foundation for our review of measurement. 

Gray Literature 

We sought supplemental publications from experts on our team and others involved in the 

review process, including the occasional “gray literature.” We did not make an exhaustive effort 

to solicit this information however because a recent and well-conducted systematic review that 

evaluated the efficacy of palliative care teams demonstrated that the gray literature did not affect 

the results.73

Title Screening, Abstract Review, and Selection of Individual 

Studies 

Eight researcher reviewers, six with clinical backgrounds in palliative care and all with 

established research careers in the area, conducted the study selection process. We trained the 

group in the critical analysis of scientific literature. The principal investigators resolved any 

questions or needs for clarification that arose throughout the literature review. Reviewers 

screened all titles found through our NLM searches or the NCP database or that were submitted 

by content experts for pertinence to the key questions and therefore their relevance to this 

project. We established screening criteria to facilitate the identification of articles concerning 

patient, caregiver, or health system factors related to patient and family-centered outcomes. At 

the title screening stage, we marked for exclusion citations that were 

• exclusively pediatric (<18 years of age) 

• case studies with < 30 cases 

• not on palliative care content (e.g., not about people who are living with serious 

illness or not an appropriate outcome) 
12

• exclusively non-Western (i.e., North America, Europe, Australia/New Zealand)— 

either the population or the journal of origin 

• nonsystematic review articles 

• clinical trials about chemotherapy, radiotherapy, stent, laser, endoscopy, surgery 

• descriptive of ethics, legal, or regulatory issues (nonclinical discussions) 

• descriptive of the process of research 

• editorials, history, personal narrative or other descriptive, nonclinical articles 

• about palliative care professional education (unless effects on clinical, patient 

outcome(s) are described) 

• about organ transplantation and/or organ donation 

• clearly discussing research data only from before 1990 

• studies in which the outcome was a lab, radiological test, or physiologic indicator 

(articles about strictly medical/technical outcomes even in the appropriate 

population). 

We only eliminated citations at the title screening stage that clearly met any of the above 

criteria; we generally retained ambiguous citations. Some of the exclusions warrant explanation. 

Of the above criteria, as noted, we took the broadest possible view of the “end of life” 

population. We did not accept articles from the non-Western literature or those that focused 

exclusively on non-Western populations because (a) health systems and cultural factors are 

known to vary profoundly, limiting their applicability, and (b) these studies have qualitatively 

made little to no contribution to major recent systematic reviews of palliative care.72, 74 We did 

not include clearly nonsystematic reviews in the title stage because so many citations fell into 

this category and we searched secondary sources (e.g., DARE) to supplement systematic reviews 

of relevant topics in the most efficient fashion. We excluded articles arising from data before 

1990 because George21 found that articles published before 1990 constituted just 10% of her 

unlimited review and articles more than fifteen years old are harder to locate in a short time. We 

decided to limit on the basis of when the data were generated, rather than when the article was 

published, since articles can take varying times to be published. We eliminated small case reports 

because one of the principal investigators (KL) reviewed a random sample of 30 such citations 

and corresponding reports and determined that they would add little substantive information, 

even descriptively, to understanding the issues in this review. 

Approved titles moved on to the abstract screening phase. We designed a one-page data 

collection instrument specifically for this project and pilot-tested it with all reviewers after 

training conducted by SCEPC staff. This abstract screener (see Appendix D1) contained 

questions about outcomes, population, age, location, design, research topics, and diseases 

studied. The abstract screener phase included the same exclusion criteria as the title review stage. 

We added additional exclusion criteria based on the outcomes within the scope of the review that 

were chosen in consultation with our TEP and Conference Chair. Therefore, we excluded 

abstracts that clearly dealt with topics other than 
13

• “good death” or “quality of dying” 

• patient or family satisfaction 

• measures 

• family or informal caregiver concerns (other than bereavement alone) 

• advance care planning 

• continuity and coordination 

• ain 

• dyspnea 

• depression or anxiety 

• behavioral issues in dementia. 

We provided definitions of these topics that were consistent with the general approach and 

definitions articulated in the field (see Introduction). Articles that focused on background or 

prognosis were marked for separate examination, as described below. Project staff entered data 

from the forms into an electronic database and tracked all studies through the screening process. 

We ordered all articles that were accepted after abstract screening and sent them out for further 

review based on topic area. 

Procedures to Reduce Bias, Enhance Consistency, and 

Check Accuracy 

Because of the very large number of citations to be evaluated and the short time to 

completion, we determined that the EPC’s usual method of dual independent reviews of all titles 

was not feasible. Therefore, we used single review of titles and abstracts and employed the 

following techniques to improve the reliability and accuracy of our method. 

• Reviewers were trained in principles of citation review and use of a “training set” 

for title review to encourage consistent application of the definitions and criteria 

of the project. 

• One of the principal investigators (KL) served as the “gold standard reviewer.” 

Outlier sets were identified by a second abstraction of a random subset of titles 

within each reviewer’s citation set, and the proportion of retained titles was 

compared. Dr. Lorenz subjected high and low outlier title sets to a second review. 

• Specific definitions were used for both exclusion criteria and categorization of 

abstracts as described above. These criteria were similar at the title and abstract 

review stages. 

• Reviewers were instructed that in any situations where they were not certain of 

their categorization to request a “second review” of abstracts, both to facilitate 

reviewer learning and enhance concordance with the ‘gold standard’ reviewer. 
14

• A second review of a random subset of abstracts from all reviewers was 

conducted. 

Following title and abstract review, accepted articles were reviewed by topic teams. The 

teams of at least two reviewers reached consensus on inclusion of final article sets for each topic 

area as well as consensus on data abstraction from these articles. Because of the large number of 

articles and the short time for our review, in practice articles were not dual-abstracted even 

though team members worked together closely, but abstraction results and findings were 

reviewed by the principal investigators for accuracy. 

Summarizing the Evidence (Key Questions 1–3) 

Previous systematic reviews—Definitions 

As described above, we had three sources of reviews: our DARE search, experts, and titles 

identified in broad library searches that abstract review identified as systematic reviews or metaanalyses, using the definitions above (nonsystematic reviews were excluded). Before we begin 

discussion of the screening and assessment of reviews, we note the definitions that we used:75, 76 

• Review: A review article that summarizes a number of different studies and may 

draw conclusions about a particular intervention. The methods used to identify, 

select, and appraise the studies are not systematic or necessarily reproducible. The 

summary in a review is generally narrative. 

• Systematic review: A review of a clearly formulated question that uses systematic 

and explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research 

and to collect and analyze data from the studies that are included in the review. 

Statistical methods are NOT used to analyze and summarize the results of the 

included studies. 

• Meta-analysis: A systematic review that uses statistical methods to integrate the 

results of the individual studies. A meta-analysis contains at least one estimate 

formed by pooling results across individual studies, i.e., an overall odds ratio. 

We applied these definitions in the following manner. If a publication addressed a number of 

studies, then it was a review. If it was a review, then we assessed if the methods (search methods, 

inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality assessment, etc.) were systematic. If it was a systematic 

review, then we assessed if it produced a pooled estimate, i.e., applied meta-analytic procedures. 

If a review was clearly not a systematic review or meta-analysis, then we simply called it a 

review. 

Screening of Reviews 

We assessed all resulting reviews using a Systematic Review Screener (Appendix D2). 

Mostly, we relied upon the abstract; but, if an abstract was not available, we obtained the original 

article for screening. We excluded all that were not true reviews (i.e., did not address more than 

one study); were not systematic reviews or meta-analyses; or were not appropriate to our topics 

(using the same exclusion criteria as on the general screener above). Generally, reviews were not 

appropriate if they did not address palliative care. 
15

All systematic reviews and meta-analyses that passed screening were sent to the appropriate 

topic team. For example, if the review addressed symptoms and advanced care planning, it was 

sent to both the symptoms and advanced care planning teams. The topic teams read each review 

with particular attention to the team’s specific topic. They recorded the publication date and the 

date that the search for literature ended. Using these dates as well as the topic the review 

addressed, they assessed how relevant the review was to their topic. All reviews that were 

considered “highly” or “possibly” relevant were then assessed for quality. 

Implicit Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews 

Two reviewers (PS and SM) reviewed all highly or possibly relevant systematic reviews or 

meta-analyses for quality independently. They then discussed their findings and reached 

consensus on the quality determination. No situations arose in which consensus could not be 

reached. 

The reviewers categorized each review as either good, fair or poor quality. Good and fair 

reviews were acceptable to be used by the topic teams as evidence. The quality assessment was 

implicit. In this assessment the reviewers considered several characteristics of the review, 

drawing upon guidelines for assessing the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.77, 78

Good systematic reviews and meta-analyses met almost all of the standards below, and fair 

systematic reviews or meta-analyses met the majority: 

• The search should be comprehensive, systematic and reproducible. Publication 

bias should be minimized, its existence assessed, and its possible impact on the 

conclusions discussed. 

• The inclusion/exclusion criteria for studies should be clear, reproducible, and 

defensible, and a flowchart of studies should be provided. 

• The study quality assessment criteria and process should be described and 

evidence-based. 

• Data abstraction should be done by two independent readers with a consensus 

process, or by one reader after a reliability test. 

• Individual study characteristics should be presented and possible causes for study 

heterogeneity considered and investigated. 

• If the review is a meta-analysis, the pooling methods should be described and 

appropriate. 

• The results of the review should follow from the evidence presented. Potential 

biases in the review process and their possible impact on the conclusions should 

be evaluated and discussed. 

All systematic reviews assessed as good or fair quality were summarized by the topic area 

teams with a narrative description including an in-text table. 
16

Intervention and Observational Studies 

Intervention studies included a variety of designs, and we included all types in our report, 

being sure to emphasize study design and quality in the narratives. We used the following 

definitions: 

Randomized controlled trial (RCT): A trial in which the participants (or other units) are 

definitely assigned prospectively into either “control” or “study” groups using a process of 

random allocation (e.g., random number generation, coin flips). “Study” groups receive a 

specific procedure, maneuver, or intervention. 

Controlled clinical trial (CCT); A trial in which participants (or other units) are either 

a) definitely assigned prospectively to one (or more) “control” or “study” groups using a 

quasi-random allocation method (e.g., alternation, date of birth, patient identifier) 

OR 

b) possibly assigned prospectively to one (or more) “control” or “study” groups using a 

process of random or quasi-random allocation. 

Intervention trial with comparison group but not RCT/CCT: A trial in which the participants (or 

other units) receive one of two (or more) forms of health care; some or all participants are either: 

a) not assigned to one of two (or more) forms of health care by the investigator, 

OR 

b) are not assigned prospectively to one of two (or more) forms of health care (e.g., 

historical control). 

Intervention study without comparison group. A trial in which all participants (or other units) 

receive the same form of health care (e.g., pre-post). 

Observational studies. We also evaluated a variety of other observational designs employed in 

nonexperimental studies. These designs may be retrospective, cross-sectional, or prospective. 

Assessment of Quality—Intervention and Observational Studies 

To evaluate the quality of the individual intervention studies, we collected information on the 

study design, withdrawal/dropout rate, method of random assignment (and blinding), and method 

for concealment of allocation (the attempt to prevent selection bias by concealing the assignment 

sequence prior to allocation) consistent with requirements for ODS-OMAR-supported EPC 

evidence reports. The elements of design and execution (randomization, blinding, and 

withdrawals) have been aggregated into a summary score developed by Jadad. The Jadad score 

rates studies on a 0 to 5 scale, based on the answer to three questions: 

1. Was the study randomized? 

2. Was the study described as double-blind? 

3. Was there a description of withdrawals and dropouts? 

One point is awarded for each “yes” answer, and no points are given for a “no” answer. 

Additional points are awarded if the randomization method and method of blinding were 

described and were appropriate. A point is deducted if the method is described but is not 
17

appropriate. Empirical evidence in other clinical settings has shown that studies scoring 2 or 

fewer points show larger apparent differences between treatment groups than do studies scoring 

3 or more.79, 80 

Observational studies were assessed using ODS-OMAR procedures. Because of the 

extremely large number of observational studies identified, we were forced to limit our review of 

observational studies by definitely accepting only those that met the following criteria consistent 

with the task order goals: 

a) If the study dealt with the topic of race / ethnicity as a single description of a racial 

group OR in the results reports racial differences, THEN it was included. If it did not do that 

AND it did not meet other criteria (b or c), then it was rejected. 

b) If the study dealt with a setting of care other than hospice or compared settings of 

care, then it was included. If it did not do that AND it did not meet other criteria (a or c) then it 

was rejected. 

c) If the study deals with the topic of CHF or dementia it is included, OR if it dealt with 

a comparison of a non-cancer disease state with cancer, then it was included. If it did not do that 

AND it did not meet other criteria (a or b), then it was rejected. 

We defined a cohort as “a group of people who share a common experience or condition.” 

For example, a birth cohort shares the same year of birth; a cohort of smokers has smoking as the 

common experience.81 We also distinguished prospective cohorts as those that were forward 

looking or longitudinal in design and in which the measurement of exposure preceded the 

measurement of the outcome. We included all prospective cohorts that met criteria a–c. Selected 

observational studies were included in the evidence tables at the implicit discretion of our expert 

reviewers if they addressed an important aspect of the topic even if they did not meet criteria a–c. 

Qualitative research studies were included only in the discussion of satisfaction and its 

relationship to other outcomes (question 1a). These studies were reviewed by a single reviewer 

(KL) to examine common themes in the literature. Most qualitative studies involved focus 

groups or unstructured individual interviews.

Qualitative Data Analysis 

We report the evidence in several forms. First, the evidence tables (in Appendix E—

Interventions and Appendix L—Observational Studies) offer a detailed description of the studies 

that we identified, addressing each of the topic areas. At the end of the printed report, summary 

tables report on systematic reviews and intervention studies in an abbreviated form, using 

summary measures of the main outcomes. Narrative text summarizes the findings and provides 

qualitative analysis of the key questions as they relate to the topic area. The synergistic impact of 

multiple or sequential interventions is not considered with this methodology. 

The evidence tables provide detailed information consistent with ODS-OMAR criteria about 

the study design, patient characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, interventions evaluated, 

and the outcomes. The study sample size offers a measure of the weight of the evidence. (In 

general, larger studies provide a more precise estimate of the effect in question, although patient 

population governs more the applicability of any given study.) Again, we graded the quality of 

the studies according to the Jadad scale; this is also presented in the evidence tables. The 
18

evidence tables are condensed into in-text summary tables to provide a concise overview of 

study results. Summarizing the data in such a way allows for ease of comparison among studies. 

Review of Articles Relevant to the Scope of “End of Life” 

Starting with the articles that the core literature review had identified as related to 

background and prognosis, and supplemented by articles pointed out by experts and other 

reviewers, three reviewers examined the titles and abstracts for this preliminary task of defining 

the scope of “end of life” care. They then categorized the articles into potentially useful 

categories and implicitly reviewed them for research quality. Then, the team categorized the 

articles and qualitatively described the implications for defining the “end of life” as a target for 

care. This work was essential to our overall effort but lies outside the scope of the RFTO and we 

have summarized it completely in Appendix A. Because this issue as a whole is also relevant to 

how we understood the literature, some of the insights from this preliminary task are discussed in 

Chapter 4. 

Peer Review Process 

We identified potential peer reviewers through project staff, the TEP and AHRQ. Based on 

these inquiries we contacted 12 individuals with wide expertise in the field and with deep 

knowledge of the literature, 9 of whom provided recommendations in addition to our TEP 

members. We selected reviewers because of their international stature, knowledge of both the 

North American and European literature, and research experience. The list of peer reviewers and 

their affiliations can be found in Appendix F. 

A copy of the draft evidence report was mailed to each peer reviewer and TEP member. All 

reviewers were asked to respond with their comments. We compiled the peer reviewer comments 

and made appropriate changes to the draft report, based on these comments. The reviewer 

comments and the EPC’s responses are provided in Appendix K. 
19 

Chapter 3. Results 

After a description of the results of the literature search, this chapter first takes up the 

evidence regarding satisfaction with end-of-life care and the association of satisfaction with other 

outcomes (Task Order Question 1a). We then address and assess the measures available for the 

important domains of patient and family experience (Task Order Question 1b). For each of the 

elements that shape the end-of-life experience and that our work targeted, the ensuing sections 

take up the topic and address Task Order Questions 2 and 3 around each topic area. Thus, 

sequential sections of this chapter address symptoms (pain, dyspnea, depression and anxiety, and 

behavioral symptoms associated with dementia), family caregiver issues, continuity, and advance 

care planning. Each one generally starts with a summary of the existing systematic reviews, then 

reviews the interventions that have been studied, and finally reviews the highest-quality 

observational research. In the sections at the end of Chapter 3, we summarize and synthesize the 

evidence related to the association of patient, family, and health system factors with those 

outcomes (2a, 2b, and 2c) and the effectiveness of interventions and population factors related to 

variation in intervention effectiveness (3a, 3b), so that an overview of the findings related to the 

questions as asked is readily available. 

Results of the Literature Search 

The literature search performed by NLM resulted in 16,310 titles. The supplemental library 

search performed by RAND staff identified an additional 3,748 titles. Library searches 

performed by NLM focusing on specific clinical conditions of cancer, heart failure, and dementia 

added 1,187 new titles. In total, the RAND reviewers examined 21,245 titles identified through 

literature searches, of which 5,563 were considered possibly relevant to our topic areas and 

continued to abstract review. Out of the 2,493 references used in development of the National 

Consensus Project clinical practice guideline, our literature searches and title review process had 

not identified 675. These references were added to the library of abstracts and proceeded on to 

abstract review. The literature search of the DARE abstracts identified 92 titles, of which 62 

were considered potentially relevant to our topic areas and proceeded to abstract review. Another 

71 articles were added to the library of abstracts from the NICE guideline, the Health Canada 

reports, the Toolkit of Measures for End of Life Care, and the files of our content experts. An 

additional 22 articles were suggested by the TEP and peer reviewers, of which 10 were 

considered potentially relevant and proceeded to abstract review. 

Of the 6,381 titles identified as possibly relevant to our topics, the reviewers screened the 

abstracts for 5,216 titles; 13 titles were identified as duplicates already abstract screened, and 

1,152 titles did not have abstracts to screen. Of the 5,216 abstracts screened, 3040 were excluded 

for reasons listed as “population, intervention, or outcome exclusion” on the abstract screener: 

761 were excluded as not about end-of-life care and outcomes; 26 were excluded as 

predominately about sudden/violent/ non-chronic death; 148 were excluded as predominately 

about chemotherapy/surgery/stents/ laser/radiation; 963 were excluded because no outcomes 

were reported; 620 were excluded because the outcomes were unrelated to 

patients/families/nonprofessional caregivers; 370 were excluded as primarily useful as 

background only; 97 were excluded as predominately reporting on prognosis or trajectories; and 

55 were excluded because the data were older than 1990. Ten abstracts were excluded because 

the population discussed was not adults. Thirty-two abstracts were excluded as non-Western in 
20

location. Six hundred forty-six studies were excluded due to study design: 239 were qualitative 

studies; 52 were nonsystematic reviews; 20 were other types of reviews; 138 were observational 

studies of less than 30 subjects; and 197 had unclear study designs. One hundred ninety-nine 

abstracts were excluded for topic: 56 as bereavement only; 35 as symptoms other than those 

included in our scope; 80 as topics other than those included in our scope; and 28 as unclear 

topic. The remaining 1,289 articles were determined to be potentially relevant to our topic and 

were ordered. 

Of the 1,289 articles ordered, we retrieved 1,274 prior to the cut off date (Sept. 3, 2004). On 

detailed review of the articles, 363 studies were reclassified as excluded. The remaining articles 

comprised 134 interventions, 95 systematic reviews, and 682 observational studies of sample 

larger than 30. These 911 articles were distributed by topic and study design as presented in 

Table 2. As one article can report on multiple topics the numbers in Table 2 do not add to 911. 

Figure 1 presents this information pictorially. 

Table 2. Study design by Topic Area 

Topic Area 

Systematic 

Review Intervention Observational 

Satisfaction 22 49 203 

Measures 10 4 142 

Family and caregiver concerns 18 23 134 

Advanced care planning 14 25 243 

Continuity and coordination of care 15 37 82 

Symptoms 55 55 269 
21

Figure 1. Article Flow 

Literature Searches

n=21,245

National Consensus 

Project

n=2,493

DARE abstracts

n=92

Other Sources

n=71

Total number of titles identified for title review

n=24,423

Literature Searches

n=5,563

National Consensus 

Project

n=675

DARE abstracts

n=62

Other Sources

n=71

Total number of titles considered potentially relevant, continue on to abstract review

n=6,381

Total number of abstracts reviewed

n=5,216

Titles excluded

13 duplicates

1,152 no abstracts

Total number of abstracts considered potentially relevant and articles ordered

n=1,289

Abstracts excluded*

3,040 for population, intervention, or outcome 

exclusion (Q.4)

10 not adults (Q.6)

32 non-Western location (Q.7)

646 study design (Q.8)

199 not our topic areas (Q.10)

* Abstract screener question relating to exclusion reason is in parentheses

Total number of articles reviewed

n=1274

15 articles not received by cut off date

Total number of articles considered for inclusion in evidence tables

n=911

363 articles reclassified as excluded

TEP/Peer Review 

n =22

TEP/Peer Review 

n =10

Interventions 

134 unique articles (178 entries)

Systematic Reviews 

95 articles

Observational Studies, n>30 

682 unique articles (909 entries)

Observational Studies in Evidence Tables 

86 unique articles (93 entries)

Interventions in Evidence Tables 

88 unique articles (109 entries)

Rejected 

596 articles Rejected 

46 articles
22

A. Key Question 1a. What individual outcome measures are 

most strongly associated with overall satisfaction with endof-life care? 

Systematic Reviews and Satisfaction with End-of-Life Care 

One particularly salient aspect of evaluation of end-of-life care is whether the patients and 

families are satisfied with care—in other words, how they subjectively perceive the care 

provided. We included in this literature the range of articles we identified that subjectively rated 

either global satisfaction or more specific elements of the care provided to patients or in support 

of caregivers living with serious and eventually fatal illness. 

We evaluated ten systematic reviews that potentially dealt with the subject of patient or 

caregiver satisfaction. Six addressed the project questions and met implicit quality criteria. One 

of the reviews focused specifically on a cancer population, and the other five did not limit their 

reviews to one disease cohort. We went beyond the systematic reviews by including other 

intervention studies addressing the outcome of patient or caregiver satisfaction published after 

these systematic reviews or published at any time if not already addressed in a systematic review. 

In total, we reviewed an additional 12 intervention studies. Finally, we explored the 

observational literature that used a prospective cohort design and that also presented data 

separately by race, selected disease cohorts, or selected sites of care. In addition, we identified 

observational studies that addressed the relationship between satisfaction and other outcomes. In 

total, we reviewed 17 observational studies. 

The remainder of this section summarizes the systematic reviews, meta-analyses, 

intervention, and observational studies relevant to patient and caregiver satisfaction. We also 

evaluated the qualitative literature in this area to try to better interpret the strength of the 

literature and meaning of patient satisfaction with end-of-life care. The relationship of 

satisfaction to other measures is summarized at the end of this section. Summaries of the 

association of patient, family, and health system factors to satisfaction and the effectiveness of 

interventions in improving satisfaction are found at the conclusion of Chapter 3. 

Table 3. Systematic Reviews for Patient and Family Satisfaction with End-of-Life Care 

Study Relevance Date Search 

Concluded 

Date of 

Publication 

Wilkinson, 1999 82 Patient and informal caregiver 

satisfaction with palliative care 

1998 1999 

Higginson, 2001 74 Effect of palliative care teams 

on overall patient and caregiver 

outcomes including satisfaction 

1999 2001 

Higginson, 200472 Effect of wide variety of 

interventions for palliative needs 

in advanced cancer— including 

interventions which evaluated 

satisfaction as an outcome 

2003 2004 

Wilkinson et al. conducted an extensive search of the English and non-English literature 

covering the years 1978–1998 including hand searches of major palliative care journals, 
23

reference mining of major citations, consultation with palliative care experts, and a search for 

gray literature. This review identified 831 documents, of which 688 were retrieved and analyzed. 

They found 83 papers relevant to patient and caregiver satisfaction with palliative care and were 

able to retrieve 79 of them. This review described five reports with a randomized controlled 

design and related to palliative care and satisfaction in the UK and North American literature. 

These five reports were from four RCTs and included a study of an inpatient hospice for 

veterans that found a positive effect on patient and caregiver satisfaction, a study of case 

management for terminally ill cancer patients in a London health district that had no effect on 

satisfaction, a study of home-based primary care that included non-terminal and terminally ill 

veterans (all of whom had advanced illness), and a study of multidisciplinary home care 

including 24-hour telephone availability for homebound chronically or terminally ill persons. 

The two RCTs describing home-based services both demonstrated effects on patient and 

caregiver satisfaction, and these are described below in the Higginson review from 2001, as is 

the study of inpatient hospice for veterans. 

Many of the studies described by Wilkinson et al. related to comparative, often retrospective 

or cross-sectional assessments of specific inpatient or outpatient supportive services for patients 

near the end of life. The review described research reports that were heterogeneous in their 

comparisons and methods, although they generally described hospital care unfavorably 

compared with alternatives that included a variety of home care and hospice models. The nature 

of the research designs and heterogeneity of service models did not suggest the superiority of one 

form of palliative care delivery over another. This review highlighted a number of important 

methodological issues in end-of-life research in satisfaction including 

• lack of a priori definitions of satisfaction 

• ceiling effects of specific items or measures of satisfaction 

• lack of well-validated measures for assessing satisfaction with end-of-life care 

• the difficulty of assessing association between respondent reports of satisfaction 

in non-randomized designs because of large observed differences in samples 

• unresolved methodological issues in end-of-life care satisfaction assessment 

including timing of patient assessment due to frail health states, use of proxies, 

and questions related to retrospective assessment. 

In addition, this review identified a large descriptive study that found differences between cancer 

and dementia patients’ caregivers satisfaction related to differential satisfaction with information 

and the physical attributes of the hospital environment. 

Higginson et al. undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of 

palliative care teams in 2001, which examined satisfaction74 as one of the outcomes. Using a 

robust search strategy to identify studies of palliative care services and their effects on patients, 

caregivers, and economic outcomes, the review searched ten databases from 1977 to 1999. The 

review identified 25 experimental and observational studies with outcomes that could be 

synthesized. Five studies included satisfaction as a measure and the pooled weighted mean was 

0.24 (–0.04–0.52) favoring the intervention. Although not analyzed separately as an outcome, 

satisfaction was combined with pain, other symptoms, quality of life, referral to other services, 

and therapeutic interventions. This aggregate variable demonstrated a small effect (weighted 
24

mean 0.32 [0.15–0.49]), excluding one outlier) of palliative care services on overall outcomes, 

although sample sizes of the studies were very small. 

Among these studies, one study evaluated the effect of an inpatient hospice on veterans and 

their caregivers and reported a positive effect of a multidisciplinary team on both patient and 

caregiver satisfaction, associated with improved ratings of interpersonal care. Several 

interventional studies described outcomes of home-based services with generally positive effects 

on satisfaction. One Australian RCT of home-based hospice care compared with regular home 

care reported greater dissatisfaction among non-hospice patients. The only other difference noted 

was higher pain duration among non-hospice patients. An RCT of home-based primary care for 

veterans reported significant improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among 

terminal patients but no significant improvement in satisfaction (the effect was positive and 

moderately large, but not statistically significant). In the larger group of nonterminal but very ill 

patients who were homebound with CHF and COPD, HRQOL did not improve, but satisfaction 

showed roughly the same difference between those with and without home-based primary care as 

was in evidence for “terminal” patients, though the differences were not statistically significant 

at the p<0.05 level. Caregivers in both groups receiving home-based primary care experienced 

improvements in HRQOL and satisfaction. A quasi-experimental study of home-based hospice 

found improvements in pain processes and overall symptoms in hospice but high satisfaction in 

both hospice and conventional care groups. An RCT of home-based multidisciplinary care for 

patients with terminal and advanced chronic illness reduced hospitalization, nursing home 

admission, and outpatient visits and increased home death. In addition, home-based care was 

associated with greater patient and caregiver satisfaction. 

Gysels and Higginson’s systematic review of supportive and palliative care for adults with 

cancer72 identified studies published up to 2003 and was organized around a wide variety of 

supportive interventions in oncology including coordination of care, patient activation, 

communication, information provision, psychological support, social support, spiritual support, 

palliative care services, rehabilitation, complementary therapies, and family/caregiver support. 

Of 5263 studies reviewed and 443 potentially eligible studies accepted after abstract review, 40 

papers describing heterogeneous interventions that measured satisfaction as an outcome were 

accepted into the review. Of these 40 papers, seventeen RCTs examined effects of an 

intervention on the satisfaction of either patients or caregivers. This systematic review did not 

report summary conclusions of the evidence. 

Gysels and Higginson’s review described randomized controlled trials in the area of care 

coordination, advance care planning, and information provision to patients. Several of the RCTs 

identified by this review were described in the context of previous reviews. Among those that 

were not, one improved the coordination of end-of-life care by using a Patient Care Traveling 

Record (PCTR). It did not report an effect on satisfaction, but dropout due to patient frailty was 

quite extensive. Another RCT of a patient held record (PHR) reported no improvement in 

satisfaction with information—although perception of communication was relatively high in this 

sample, which included both oncology outpatients and patients who were already enrolled in a 

home hospice service. An RCT that involved randomizing patients followed by hospital-based 

specialists to early follow-up that included their primary care physician, and the intervention 

group reported higher satisfaction. A small CCT (n=24) implemented a “coaching” intervention 

intended to improve patient interaction in oncology consultations, and it did not result in higher 

satisfaction, although it did achieve improved patient perception of decision quality and MD-
25

patient agreement. In an intervention that involved a patient-nurse meeting for counseling and 

education of newly diagnosed cancer patients, both improved information and satisfaction with 

the consultation were reported by patients and their spouses. A similar RCT that simply involved 

an informational pamphlet without the personal involvement did not affect either information or 

satisfaction. 

Additional Interventional Studies and Satisfaction with End-of-Life 

Care 

Our review identified a number of additional interventional trials in palliative care that 

included as an outcome a measure of patient or caregiver satisfaction with care. Several of these 

addressed comprehensive or coordinated services for chronically ill patients. The following text 

summarizes these studies, first the studies of comprehensive or coordinated services and then the 

studies of communication or advance care planning. Within each section, we first discuss RCTs 

and then articles with other study designs. 

Grande et al. conducted a randomized controlled trial of a hospital-at-home service in the UK 

for the terminally ill.83 This intervention provided in-home nursing support up to 24 hours daily 

for up to two weeks, predominantly used for terminal care during the final weeks of life. 

Referrals came from general practitioners and one-third from inpatient discharges. All patients 

were eligible to receive other care concurrently, including a variety of home services and 

hospice. Of the 262 referrals, 43 were randomized to control (C) and 186 to intervention (I). The 

majority of intervention and control patients had cancer. The study incorporated questionnaires 

that assessed general assessment of care and symptom management. Informal caregivers noted 

no difference in any supportive services, caregiver support, or symptoms with the exception of 

pain, which the control group rated as a relatively unmet need (3.00 vs. 2.52). The Jadad score 

for this study was 3. 

Ringdal et al. conducted a cluster randomized trial which involved six Norwegian health 

districts randomized to an intervention that included an community education and close 

integration of hospital-based palliative care with local provider activities.84 Within health 

districts designated for intervention, adult cancer patients with a life expectancy between two and 

nine months were eligible. Researchers measured caregiver satisfaction using the 20-tem 

FAMCARE scale, which was developed specifically to measure satisfaction with advanced 

cancer care. A large proportion of caregivers refused to participate in completing surveys (114 / 

426). Of those who completed the study, caregiver satisfaction scores favored the intervention 

with regard to specific items related to pain management, communication with the family about 

prognosis, treatments, and involvement of caregivers. Ringdal et al. examined the association of 

overall satisfaction with caregiver gender, age, education, relationship to the deceased; gender, 

age, and cancer type of the deceased; and place of death. Satisfaction was higher among spouses 

than children, higher if the deceased individual was a man, and higher among family of patients 

who died at home. In a fully adjusted model, in addition to the main intervention effect, only 

relationship to the deceased was significantly related to overall satisfaction. Spouses scored on 

average 12.5 points higher on the 0–100 FAMCARE scale than children. The Jadad score for this 

study was 2. 

Hanks et al. conducted a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of a UK hospital 

Palliative Care Team on symptoms, quality of life, and patient, caregiver, and provider 

satisfaction.85 All non-emergent inpatient referrals of persons who were not immediately likely 
26

to die were randomized to either physician-to-physician telephone consultation or in-person 

interdisciplinary palliative care team consultation. Satisfaction was evaluated with four items 

from MacAdam’s Assessment of Suffering Questionnaire. Caregiver satisfaction was assessed 

using FAMCARE, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and additional items about 

hospital communication. A more detailed interview was also conducted with caregivers of all 

discharged patients. The satisfaction of community physicians and nurses of all discharged 

patients was assessed related to the appropriateness of care and support arrangements and 

communication with the hospital. Component and overall measures of satisfaction were high in 

both groups (3.5–3.6 / 4 where 4 is “very satisfied” on all patient measures; 1.9–2.5 / 5 where 1 

is “very satisfied” on all caregiver measures) and did not differ at either time point. The Jadad 

score for this study was 2. 

Rabow et al. conducted a controlled trial of an interdisciplinary team that targeted physical, 

emotional, and spiritual care for 90 patients in two university outpatient general medicine clinics 

randomly assigned as intervention or control clinics.86 Patients with cancer, advanced COPD, or 

CHF with a life expectancy of 1–5 years were eligible. The intervention improved dyspnea and 

sleep quality but not pain. Intervention patients reported higher spiritual well-being overall and 

in religious activities, and completed more advance directives. However, satisfaction as 

measured by 25 items (0–100 scale) from the Group Health Association of America Consumer 

Satisfaction Survey (satisfaction with care, attitude toward care) was high in both groups at 

baseline (satisfaction 73.7–I, 77.0–C; attitude 13.4–I, 14.0–C) and did not change. The Jadad 

score for this study was 3. 

Brumley et al. conducted a pre-post test at Kaiser Permanente of a palliative care program 

and compared patients enrolled in that program (n=210) to a group of somewhat comparable 

patients (n=348) concurrently referred for home care.87 The Reid-Gundlach Satisfaction with 

Services 13-item instrument (0–48) measures overall ratings, perceptions of providers, and 

likelihood of recommendation. This analysis reported the change score in patient satisfaction 60 

days after baseline in a subset of the original participants who died during the course of the study 

and completed the interviews (I =161 C = 139). At baseline, both groups reported a mean 

satisfaction of 40/48 and at follow-up satisfaction improved in both groups. Satisfaction did not 

differ significantly at either time. 

Weisbord et al. conducted a pre-post uncontrolled study of a palliative care consultation in 39 

poor prognosis hemodialysis patients.88 Nineteen of them evaluated the program, both before and 

then again two weeks after their consultation and a follow-up visit. Nine (47%) patients 

“strongly agreed” and four (21%) “somewhat agreed” that the meetings were useful. A similar 

proportion of patients also agreed that follow-up by the palliative care team would be useful. 

This intervention also assessed nephrologist satisfaction for 14 patients, and they also “strongly 

agreed“ or “agreed” that the consultation was useful for symptoms. Nephrologists agreed that 

palliative care consultation had provided useful information to 11 of the patients. Nephrologists 

asked palliative care providers to follow 12 of their patients at the conclusion of the study. 

In other studies, Riegel et al. examined satisfaction with care as an outcome of a case 

management program using a standardized protocol and software support program for CHF.89 In 

this randomized controlled trial, telephone case management was provided to hospitalized 

patients with moderate to advanced heart failure (57% of sample were NYHA Class III and 15% 

Class IV at time of entry/hospitalization). The case manager also coordinated information with 

the patient’s physician. Over the six-month trial, intervention patients received an average of 17 
27

calls. Satisfaction with treatment, convenience, patient education, medication schedule, and MD 

care was evaluated. Of 358 patients randomized, survey data were obtained on 242, and only 

184/242 patients completed a satisfaction survey. The difference demonstrated slightly higher 

overall satisfaction among the intervention group (22.88–I, 21.66–C), and both groups reported 

high satisfaction. The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

We identified three RCTs that assessed satisfaction as part of a communication or advance 

care planning intervention. Bruera et al. studied 60 patients with cancer who were randomized to 

standard care (which included a written summary) or to receive a multidisciplinary outpatient 

cancer consultation with audiotaped recording to take home.90 Patients returned for follow-up on 

day 8 and responded then to questions about global satisfaction with the clinic’s care, 

understanding and recall of the original consultation, and ability to discuss their illness with 

family and friends. Intervention patients compared to controls (31–I, 29–C) reported higher 

“usefulness” of the clinic (8.7/10 vs. 7.7/10, p = 0.04), but did not describe a significant 

difference in their perceived understanding and recall of recommendations, or in their perceived 

ability to discuss their illness with family and friends. The Jadad score for this study was 5. 

Schneiderman et al. assessed perceptions using a structured interview as the outcome of a 

randomized controlled trial of an intensive care unit (ICU) communication intervention by an 

ethics team.91 The trial enrolled patients in whom treatment conflicts were imminent or already 

present (considering conflicts within or between the healthcare team and/or family). The study 

randomized 546 patients (276 – I, 270 – C) and conducted interviews with 108 intervention 

surrogates and 272 professional providers involved in 152 patients’ care. Both surrogates and 

providers rated the consultation highly on a number of general attributes (helpful, informative, 

supportive, fair, respectful of values) and in facilitating specific processes (identifying, 

analyzing, resolving, educating, and presenting views). Both groups rated the consultation as 

moderately stressful. The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

Molloy et al. conducted a trial of advance care planning in nursing homes using an 

educational program for staff, residents, and families combined with a validated advance care 

planning tool (Let Me Decide) that offered choices for life-threatening illness, cardiac arrest, and 

nutrition.92 Three pairs of randomly selected nursing homes were matched for hospitalization and 

case-mix, and site of death. This multifaceted intervention succeeded in increasing advance 

directive completion rates from 57% in control homes to 70% in the intervention homes, where 

most care plans used the more flexible Let Me Decide directive. Satisfaction was measured using 

two previously validated 23- and 29-item measures that assess satisfaction with involvement in 

care.93 Pre-post satisfaction (1–7) was 4.77 and 5.07 in the intervention and 5.09 and 5.10 in 

controls, and adjusted mean difference (–0.16, 95% CI, –0,41–0.10) was not significant. The 

Jadad score for this study was 1. 

Bookbinder et al. conducted an uncontrolled pre-post study of a continuous quality 

improvement (CQI) intervention to reduce pain.94 The intervention consisted of intensive staff 

education and problem-solving targeted specifically at improving pain documentation, nursing 

pain knowledge, and patient satisfaction. Six hundred ninety-six patients who experienced pain 

during hospitalization were interviewed (398 pre-intervention and 298 post-intervention) about 

their overall satisfaction as well as satisfaction with their nurse and physician care. Patients 

reported a high level of satisfaction in both periods: 71% after intervention, contrasted with 61% 

before intervention, reported satisfaction with nursing care; 67% after vs. 63% before reported 

satisfaction with MD care; and 62% after vs. 54% before reported overall satisfaction. 
28

Satisfaction correlated with longest time to wait for medication (r=0.335), extent of pain relief 

(r=–0.304), and time to change medication (r=0.457). 

Pietersma et al., in a study in which patients served as their own controls, evaluated patient 

satisfaction with a food cart on a palliative care service compared with standard food service 

(e.g., food trays). During a ten-day cart trial, 27 patients consented and participated, and patients 

were generally more satisfied with the food cart, which allowed them to choose their own items 

and portion sizes.95 

Observational Studies Evaluating Satisfaction in Palliative Care 

Of studies that examined racial/ethnic differences, several looked at white/nonwhite 

differences96-98 and two studies included African-American and Hispanics as separate 

categories.27, 99 The majority of this literature did not examine racial differences at all—many 

probably because they were small studies or performed in settings in which there were 

insufficient numbers of minorities. Of studies that examined racial/ethnic differences, some did 

not describe any differences,96, 97 although in several studies race/ethnicity was considered an 

exploratory variable98 or control that was not presented in available published comparisons.27

One study that did report racial differences noted that African-Americans (OR 3.3) and other 

non-whites (OR 2.5) compared with Whites were more likely to agree with the importance of 

using all available treatments no matter what the chance of recovery.99 

We identified a number of observational studies that addressed end-of-life care within 

particular settings. A number of studies have addressed end-of-life care for hospitalized adults,27, 

96, 98, 100 or more specifically end-of-life care in the ICU.97, 101 We also identified studies 

describing satisfaction in home care102, 103 or hospice/palliative care services.104-106 Other studies 

have assessed end-of-life care in general and in doing so, compared satisfaction with care across 

settings typically including home/hospice, hospital, and nursing homes.27, 107-112 These 

comparative studies highlight important differences with hospice users or caregivers of patients 

who died at home generally reporting higher satisfaction with many attributes of care 27, 107, 108, 

110 than those who died or were cared for in other settings at the end of life. 

With regard to disease, we found little evidence that satisfaction differs by disease.96, 98, 99, 104

At the same time, few studies have examined specific diseases or employed measures that are 

disease-specific.100, 113 To the extent that a particular disease is well represented by the literature, 

the experience of cancer patients and their caregivers is best characterized because many of the 

studies have either focused on cancer or have been conducted in palliative care settings where 

cancer predominates. 

Several studies have evaluated satisfaction with aspects of end-of-life care in the context of 

large or particularly notable cohort studies. Teno et al.27 evaluated the U.S. dying experience 

through interviews with surviving family members representing 1,578 decedents from the 

mortality follow-back survey regarding patient and family centered end-of-life care. Sixty-seven 

percent of decedents died in an institutional setting while 33% died at home. Of those dying at 

home, 38% did not receive nursing services, 13% used home nursing services, and 49% had 

home hospice services. About 25% of all patients with pain or dyspnea at the end of life did not 

receive adequate treatment and one-quarter reported concerns with physician communication. 

More than one-third of respondents cared for by a home health agency, nursing home, or hospital 

reported insufficient emotional support for the patient and/or one or more concerns with family 

emotional support, compared with about one-fifth of those receiving home hospice services. 
29

Nursing home residents were less likely than those cared for in a hospital or by home hospice 

services always to have been treated with respect at the end of life (68% vs. 77% and 96% 

respectively). Family members of patients receiving hospice services were more satisfied with 

overall quality of care: 71% rated care as “excellent” compared with less than 50% of those 

dying in an institutional setting or with home health services. These data suggest that those dying 

in institutions have unmet needs for symptom management, physician communication, emotional 

support, and being treated with respect. Family members of decedents who died with home 

hospice services were more likely to report a favorable dying experience. 

Tilden et al. (2004)114 examined the end-of-life experiences of elderly decedents dying out of 

the hospital in Oregon through a telephone survey of 1,189 family caregivers of decedents aged 

65 and older who died of natural causes in community settings between 2000 and 2002. Outcome 

variables included advance directives, hospice enrollment, use of life-sustaining treatments, 

perceived decedent symptom distress, financial hardship, out-of-pocket costs, and family 

caregiver strain. Results showed that most decedents had an advance directive (78.3%) and were 

enrolled in hospice (62.4%). Although perceived decedent symptom distress was low overall, 

certain symptoms (e.g., pain, dyspnea, constipation) were distressing for approximately half of 

decedents experiencing them. Financial hardship, out-of-pocket expenses, and caregiver strain 

were frequently reported. American Indian race and younger age were associated with decedent 

symptom distress. Greater perceived decedent symptom distress, hospice enrollment, more 

caregiver involvement, and more financial burden were associated with greater caregiver strain. 

Thus, despite high rates of advance directives and hospice enrollment, perceived symptom 

distress was high for a subset of decedents, and caregiver strain was common. 

Steinhauser et al.99 conducted a cross-sectional, stratified random national survey of 340 

seriously ill patients, 332 recently bereaved family members, 361 physicians, and 429 other 

healthcare providers (nurses, social workers, chaplains, and hospice volunteers) to determine the 

factors considered important at the end of life. Twenty-six items consistently were rated as being 

important by greater than 70% of respondents, including pain and symptom management, 

preparation for death, achieving a sense of completion, decisions about treatment preferences, 

and being treated as a “whole person.” Results also highlighted differences among the 

respondent groups. Eight items received strong endorsement from patients but less from 

physicians (p<.001), including being mentally aware, having funeral arrangements planned, not 

being a burden, helping others, and coming to peace with God. Ten items had broad variation 

within as well as among the four groups, including decisions about life-sustaining treatments, 

dying at home, and talking about the meaning of death. Participants ranked freedom from pain 

most important and dying at home least important among nine major attributes. The findings 

from this study suggest that quality end-of-life care is a dynamic process that is negotiated and 

renegotiated among patients, family and healthcare professionals, a process moderated by 

individual values, knowledge, and preferences for care. 

Fisher et al. conducted a retrospective cohort study using Medicare data including the 

Medicare Current Beneficiary Study (MCBS) to measure satisfaction.115 They constructed 

retrospective cohorts of patients hospitalized with hip fracture, colorectal cancer, and acute 

myocardial infarction. As the main regressor of interest, they considered the End of Life 

Expenditure Index (EOL-EI) to evaluate whether higher resource utilization at the end of life was 

associated with beneficial patient outcomes. This study found no association between higher 
30

expenditures for end-of-life care in these chronically ill Medicare beneficiaries and satisfaction 

as determined by 20 items from the MCBS. 

Qualitative Studies Evaluating Satisfaction with Palliative Care 

We identified 32 qualitative studies that specifically reported satisfaction related to care of 

the patient at the end of life.23, 24, 116-145 All of these studies reported the importance of health care 

in relationship to aspects of quality of life, quality of the dying experience, or satisfaction with 

care. The majority (20/31) examined the experience of patients, but 11/31 examined the 

experience of caregivers, and 6/31 examined perceptions of end-of-life care from the providers’ 

perspective. Even among studies that incorporated multiple viewpoints, few explicitly compared 

patient, caregiver, and professional providers’ perspectives.133 Most qualitative analyses 

employed either focus groups or unstructured interviews. With regard to settings, the most 

frequently studied settings was at home, whether in formal home care or not. We noted relatively 

few studies that incorporated participants or examined the end-of-life experience in nursing 

homes.24, 119 or that were relevant to satisfaction with end-of-life care in ICUs,123 although this 

may be related to our initial exclusion criteria (e.g., excluding cases of sudden, traumatic death). 

Most studies did not focus on specific diseases, and the majority of studies with a diseasespecific focus examined aspects of cancer care rather than patients with other conditions.24, 125, 

133, 137, 139, 146 

One study that compared CHF with cancer125 noted important differences in the experience 

of medical care between these conditions. This study suggested the particular importance of 

information provision in CHF because patients are not ordinarily “expected to die.” Thus, 

prognosis is not discussed, and providers have little stimulus to acknowledge that advanced CHF 

will be fatal. CHF patients’ care arose almost entirely from a medical model focused on 

treatment. Patients with cancer receiving treatment experience a rapidly changing clinical 

condition emphasizing a high need for coordination, and the value of being closely connected to 

supportive resources. CHF patients experience relatively stable but prolonged functional 

disability generating a need for support, but such services were infrequently available, at least 

compared to their availability for patients with cancer. Patients described the relative importance 

of various symptoms (a feeling of “drowning” in CHF vs. pain in cancer). Vig et al. also 

examined the quality of life and death for heart disease and cancer patients in an ambulatory 

setting.137 This study did not find differences in themes, but these interviews were less about the 

experience of health care than about overall aspects of living and dying. 

In the aggregate, this group of qualitative studies shares a strong and striking sense of 

common themes related to important aspects of health care for people living with serious, 

eventually fatal conditions. These themes were repetitive across all the studies that examined the 

experience of patients and caregivers broadly and emphasized 

• professional competence in symptom management 

• continuity and coordination of multiple providers and across settings 

• responsive, flexible care that is available and adaptable to changing clinical needs 

• adequate provision of information about disease course, prognosis, and 

treatments 
31

• care from all providers that is empathic and that respects the individual as a 

person 

• spiritually supportive care and environments 

• adequate practical support for patients and caregivers in the home environment 

and informational support for practical planning in hospital and institutional 

settings. 

Summary of the Relationship of Satisfaction to Other Measures of 

Process and Outcome 

Several studies described in the context of our systematic reviews noted the association 

between satisfaction and interventions that improved communication or addressed other 

interpersonal aspects of care.90,82, 84, 91 Other important processes or attributes of care that were 

highlighted by the interventional literature include the relationship of pain management, practical 

support, enhanced caregiving, and provider accessibility to satisfaction.83, 84, 147 The 

observational literature was similarly supportive of the importance of these indicators and their 

relationship to satisfaction. The observational literature adds to our understanding of these 

relationships by illustrating how these specific processes or attributes of care are helpful in 

distinguishing healthcare performance in different settings.72, 74

The qualitative literature suggests some important insights related to patient perception of 

care at the end of life. To the extent that satisfaction measurement reflects subjective perception 

of care, these qualitative data endorse the fact that patients and caregivers positively regard many 

of the attributes typified by palliative care (e.g., underscoring the importance of pain and 

symptom management, continuity, responsiveness, adequate information, respectful empathic, 

spiritually supportive care, and practical support). To the extent that interventions successfully 

target them and satisfaction measures embody these domains, they are likely to detect positive 

effects. In fact, this seems often, but not uniformly, to be the case in the interventional literature. 

In addition to measurement, as our findings suggest, the qualitative literature also supports the 

idea that this relationship between interventions and satisfaction could be confounded by other 

factors including differences in patient, caregiver, or healthcare settings. 

 
32

B. Key Question 1b. What is the reliability and validity of 

specific instruments for measuring quality of life or quality of 

care at end of life? 

Measurement of Patient and Family Outcomes 

Our literature search identified one comprehensive systematic review of measures relevant to 

end-of-life care that Teno has published on the World Wide Web.30 The Toolkit of Instruments 

to Measure End of Life Care (TIME) project, last updated with a literature review current 

through 2000, created a web-based resource of patient-focused, family-centered instruments that 

address the needs and concerns of patients and their families at the end of life (see Methods). The 

Toolkit is a comprehensive list of the highest quality measurement tools for evaluating end-oflife care from the perspective of patient-focused, family-centered evaluation. The Toolkit 

organizes measures into 11 domains: 

• Pain and other symptoms 

• Emotional and cognitive symptoms 

• Functional status 

• Survival time and aggressiveness of care 

• Advance care planning 

• Continuity of care 

• Spirituality 

• Grief and bereavement 

• Patient-centered reports and rankings (i.e., satisfaction) with the quality of care 

• Caregiver well-being 

• Quality of life. 

The Toolkit website, www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/bibliographies.htm, gives an extensive 

summary of the 35 recommended instruments,30 including reports of reliability and validity. 

Measures that the review process labeled as being only potentially relevant are listed on the web 

site with a one-sentence summary and corresponding reference. The Toolkit has a number of 

limitations. Its search terms were limited and inclusion criteria focused on measures that were 

accessible and easy to use. These criteria suggest that the Toolkit could have missed some 

important measurement tools for research. The Toolkit omitted clinician/provider focused issues 

and evaluation of quality end-of-life care from perspectives other than patient and family, even 

though those perspectives might also inform evaluations of the quality of end-of-life care. 

Nevertheless, the Toolkit is a remarkable and widely used working document, and wide use is 

likely to have led to reasonably broad coverage of measurement instruments. 
33

Literature Review of Measures 

Given the availability and quality of the Toolkit, our review focused on the literature after 

2000 or on reports that were not identified in the Toolkit search. We searched especially for the 

development of new measures and for reports that describe reliability and validity data on 

specific instruments. We identified 48 new measures that supplement the Toolkit. Appendix H2 

provides detailed validity and reliability data for measures we identified that supplement the 35 

recommended Toolkit measures (the extensive data on reliability and validity testing 

summarized in the Toolkit website was not reproduced in this report). Our discussion below is 

organized in a similar fashion to the Toolkit. We highlight measures that fit best within the 

discreet domains as used in the Toolkit, but we grouped together multidimensional measures of 

quality of life, quality of care, and satisfaction with care. We report on measures to evaluate both 

overall quality of life and quality of care as well as specific domains relevant to both. 

In the course of identifying all citations relevant to measurement, we also identified a number 

of citations that are important to understanding the application of measurement tools. This 

literature is not strictly within the scope of the RFTO, which focused on the reliability and 

validity of measurement tools themselves, but reports of the use of the measurement tools are 

important to understanding the application of the measures we identified and to assessing the 

implications for research and research priorities in the field. For that reason, we have included an 

accounting of these citations as a separate Appendix H1. A summary of the literature describing 

the properties and psychometric evaluation of measures is provided at the end of this section. 

Multidimensional Measures: Quality of Life, Quality of Care 

and Satisfaction 

Measures of Quality of Life 

The Toolkit30 reviewed 41 measures of quality of life and recommended four that have 

detailed data on validity and reliability: McGill QOL Questionnaire (MQOL),148 MissoulaVITAS QOL Index (MVQOLI),149 European Organization for Research and Treatment Core 

Quality of Life Questionnaire version 3.0 (EORTC QLQ C-30), and the Functional Assessment 

of Cancer Therapy (FACT)/Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT Fact-G). 

The EORTC QLQ-C30, extensively described in the Toolkit, was evaluated in a palliative 

care population. Validity testing included generally moderate, statistically significant interscale 

correlations; discrimination by functional status; responsiveness to changes in health status over 

time and to palliative treatment. Factor analysis showed six factors, and Cronbach’s alpha ranged 

from 0.56 to 0.79.150 A second article reported psychometric data in lung cancer for the EORTC 

QLQ-C30 demonstrating Cronbach’s alpha overall = 0.93, subscales = 0.69 to 0.89 (7 of 12 

subscales > 0.80).151 This same longitudinal study reported supplementary data on the DukeUNC Social Support Scale in this population; Cronbach’s alpha overall = 0.94, subscales = 0.88 

to 0.92.151

The Brief Hospice Inventory, developed for use in hospice patients, showed two factors in 

factor analysis; Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.84 to 0.94.152 

The Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for the Aged index (HRCA-QL) index is a version of the 

Spitzer Quality of Life Index adapted for patients with advanced cancer. For criterion validity, it 
34

showed correlations with the Karnofky Performance Scale and an Instrumental Activities of 

Daily Living index. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.7, and test-retest and inter-rater reliability were 

good. Scores declined as patients became closer to death or health status changed.153 

The McMaster Quality of Life Scale was designed for use by proxies or patients. Concurrent 

(correlation with Spitzer Quality of Life and construct (those able to rate it themselves scored 

higher than those who could not) validity were tested. Intra-observer and inter-rater reliability 

were high, and the measure was responsive to perceptions of change in clinical status.154

The Palliative Care Quality of Life Instrument includes 28 items in six scales. Validity 

testing included face, construct (correlation with AQEL), criterion (ability to predict independent 

criterion variables, convergent and discriminative. Patients with better and worse Eastern 

Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status showed significant differences, as did patients 

before and after treatment. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also high.155 

Giorgi et al. describe comparisons between a linear analogue scale (LAS) for measuring 

quality of life in cancer patients and results with categorical unvalidated assessment that was not 

included in the Toolkit.156 Correlation between the LAS and a performance status measure is 

0.46 and the questionnaire and performance status correlation is 0.38. Internal consistency 

testing for LAS reveals a poor Cronbach alpha for the LAS. 

Green et al. proposed a chronic heart disease specific tool to measure physical limitation, 

symptoms, QOL, social interference, and self-efficacy.157 The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy 

Questionnaire is a self-administered, 23-item tool that was compared to the SF-36 and Minnesota 

Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (LiHFe). Convergent validity was 0.46–0.74 across 

seven domains. Physical limitation subscale was correlated to the six-minute walk (r=0.48), SF36 (r=0.84), and LiHFe (0.65). Reliability testing demonstrated Cronbach’s alpha of 0.62–0.95 

across seven domains; test-retest at three months for patients without exacerbations changed only 

0.8 to 4 points on the 1–100-point scale. 

Higginson et al. is cited in the Toolkit reporting validity testing of the Support Team 

Assessment Schedule (STAS) for seven of STAS’s 17 items.158 The measures have items scaled 

0–4 and use ten items to rate patient and family status and seven items to rate services delivered. 

Agreement on the seven items for patient and staff (n=62–78) ranged from kappa 0.12 to 0.78, 

total score Spearman rho 0.66; kappa for family and staff (n=58–67) ranged from –0.06–0.51, 

total score Spearman rho 0.44. Carson et al. report validity and reliability testing of the STAS in 

Canada in an acute care oncology unit and a palliative care unit.159 Validity data by comparison 

to patient ratings resulted in an overall r=–0.09 for the palliative care team and r=0.28 for the 

oncology team; comparison to family ratings resulted in overall r=0.38 and r=0.37, respectively 

(all p>0.05). Inter-observer correlations ranged from 0.27 to 1.0 and intra-observer correlations 

from -0.33 to 0.88. Test-retest correlations were 0.50 for palliative care team and 0.71 for 

oncology team. 

Steinhauser et al. describe the Quality of Life at End of Life (QUAL-E) instrument that 

consists of 24 items.160 Factor analysis revealed five domains: life completion, relationships with 

the healthcare system, preparation/anticipatory concerns, symptom impact, connectedness and 

affective social support; Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.6 to 0.84 for the subscales. 

The Life Evaluation Questionnaire (LEQ) was described in 1996 but was not reviewed in the 

Toolkit.161 The LEQ is a self-administered, 121-item measure across five subscales (freedom, 
35

appreciation of life, contentment, resentment, social integration) that was developed in incurable 

cancer patients in both outpatient and inpatient care settings. Salmon et al. report convergent 

validity to the RSCL that ranged from 0.01 to 0.62 (sufficient only for freedom, resentment, and 

social integration); convergent validity to MacAdam and Smith Support scale that ranged from 

0.02 to 0.62; Cronbach’s alpha for freedom = 0.70, appreciation of life = 0.76, contentment = 

0.76, resentment = 0.85, social integration = 0.78); test-retest in 40 individuals at two to three 

days were freedom r=0.80, appreciation of life r=0.91, contentment r=0.77, resentment r=0.92, 

social integration r=0.84).161

Measures of Quality of Care and Satisfaction

The Toolkit30 reviewed 20 measures and recommended the Medical Outcome Study 

Satisfaction Survey, Toolkit of Instruments to Measure End of Life Care Bereaved Family 

Member Interview, Picker-Commonwealth Survey, and FAMCARE. Our literature search 

identified six additional measures in the domain of satisfaction or quality of care that also had 

available psychometric information. We identified one additional validation study for the 

FAMCARE scale109 that added data to the Toolkit citation.30, 162 Kristjanson et al. report an interitem correlation criterion (minimum 50% with r = 0.3 to 0.7) for 18 of 20 items, item correlation 

to total score of 0.4 to 0.76 for 15 of 20 items, and a Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90.109 The authors 

also reported on two additional measures evaluated concomitantly, the Family Assessment 

Device (FAD) and the F-Care Expectations & Perceptions Scales. The FAD is a 12-item scale 

assessing family functioning; inter-item correlations met criterion (minimum 50% with r = 0.3 to 

0.7) for 12 of 12 items; item correlation to total score was 0.4 to 0.75 for 12 of 12 items; 

Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93.109 The F-Care Expectations Scale assesses family members’ care 

expectations and was reported to have inter-item correlations at criterion for 13 of 16 items; item 

correlation to total score of 0.4 to 0.72 for 12 of 16 items, and Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88.109 The FCare Perceptions Scale assesses family members’ care perceptions; inter-item correlations met 

criterion for 18 of 21 items; item correlation to total score was 0.4 to 0.72 for 13 of 21 items; 

Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86.109

The Toolkit After-Death Bereaved Family Member Interview30, 31 is a telephone survey for 

family members and has versions for hospice, nursing homes, and hospital deaths; U.S. norms 

are available. There are eight domains. Scales were moderately correlated with overall 

satisfaction and with the corresponding individual rating question for the construct. Cronbach’s 

alpha was greater than 0.7 for scales with more than three items, and test-retest reliability was 

high. Families of those who died in hospice reported better care than families of those who did 

not.31

The Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) instrument is a 31-item family after-death 

interview across six domains;163 it includes an assessment of frequency and a linked quality 

ratings; construct validity r=-0.52 against the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), 

r=–0.47 MSAS psychological subscore, r=-0.42 MSAS physical subscore; discriminative study 

with independent symptom questionnaire significant at p<0.01, preferences at p<0.01, and 

communication p<0.001; correlation to global rating of last seven days of life r=0.55, moment of 

death r=0.51 (two factors explaining 38% of QODD variance); overall 31-item QODD Cronbach 

alpha = 0.89.164 A separate report demonstrated Cronbach alpha = 0.96 for a 14-item nurse 

version of the QODD.165 A study in the of the after-death QODD adapted for the intensive care 

unit demonstrated interobserver reliability 0.44 for the overall ICU-QODD score (23 item ICU 
36

version); components ranged from an intra-class correlation (ICC) of 0.15 to 1.0 for frequency 

components (mean 0.54), and ICC 0.16 to 0.59 for quality rating component (mean 0.32).166

The QUEST includes four scales for evaluating quality of end-of-life care and satisfaction 

with treatment: MD care, MD satisfaction, RN care, and RN satisfaction. Face (expert review), 

construct (moderate correlation with Patient Satisfaction Index), and correlation between 

subscales and with unrelated constructs were all tested. Test-retest kappas were 0.43–0.86, and 

Cronbach’s alpha was 0.83–0.95. Scores were negatively correlated with symptoms and lower 

for those with “do not resuscitate” (DNR) orders.167

A four-item measure of patients’ assessment of the quality of communication about end-oflife care was highly correlated with overall satisfaction with care. Those with higher-rated 

communication had clinicians more likely to know if the patient had a durable power of attorney, 

and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.81.168 

The WALT measures Willingness to Accept Life-sustaining Treatment. It was reviewed for 

face validity by patients and experts, and showed correlation with a simple measure of 

preference. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability were good, and scores were associated with age, 

ethnicity, and functional impairment in a moderately ill population.169 

A relatives’ patient management questionnaire was developed to assess families’ attitudes, 

perceptions, and patterns of choice in the management of terminal cancer patients. It includes 21 

items and five scales. Construct and discriminant validity were demonstrated through interscale 

and interitem correlations, and Cronbach’s alphas were 0.5–0.69.170 

Volicer et al. report the evaluation of three scales for dementia patients including a caregiver 

satisfaction scale, the Satisfaction With Care at the End of Life in Dementia (SWC-EOLD).113

The ten-item scale was shown to have one factor; item-total correlations range 0.33 to 0.79; 

Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90. 

A postal questionnaire to examine caregiver satisfaction with palliative care was described by 

Jacoby et al.112 This 89-question after-death postal survey of caregivers demonstrated 

discriminant validity tested with 36 attitudinal questions when health problems identified—only 

four were significant by Chi square; convergent testing was reported in tabular form in the 

reference; Cronbach’s alpha = 0.68 to 0.84 across seven subsets.

We also identified several needs assessment tools, a domain that measures an element of 

patient-centered care but was not addressed in the Toolkit. The Cancer Patient Needs Survey has 

51 items in five categories, including coping, help, information, work, and cancer shock. 

Different scores were found for hospice and clinic patients, and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91; this 

questionnaire was developed for the general cancer population.171

The Concept of a Good Death measure includes 17 descriptive statements of relevant 

concepts in three subscales: closure, personal control, and clinical criteria. Factor analysis 

showed three subscales, there was small-to-moderate association with other measures, and testretest reliability was high. Scores were related to age, gender, and ethnicity.172 

Emanuel et al. report the rigorous development of a 13-question clinical screening instrument 

for terminal care needs, the Needs at the End-of-Life Screening Tool (NEST).173 This 

multidimensional screening tool was developed from factor analysis of a 135-item survey 

administered to 988 dying patients. The measure requires further validation and reliability 

testing. 
37

Finally, we identified two tools for evaluating the quality of palliative care, one for use by 

both patients and staff and one for use by staff only. Hearn et al. reported development and 

testing of the Palliative Care Outcome scale (POS).174 The measure was developed by systematic 

literature review and underwent refinement by a multidisciplinary advisory group over several 

iterations of pilot testing. The measure was specifically developed as an outcome measure for the 

quality of end-of-life and palliative care for use in hospice patients. The measure includes 12 

items, most using a 0–4 scale and consists of two parts, one patient self-administered 

questionnaire and one palliative care staff responses. Validity testing was performed across eight 

sites in England and Scotland with 148 patients completing evaluation. On average, the measure 

was completed in less than ten minutes for each type of respondent. Reliability testing included 

test-retest, internal consistency (Cronbach alpha for patient = 0.65, staff = 0.70), and a 

comparison of staff to patient responses. Validity testing included assessments of face validity 

and change over time; construct validity achieved a Spearman’s rho 0.43–0.80 against ETORTC 

QLC-C30 and Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS). The Resident Assessment 

Instrument for Palliative Care was designed for clinician assessment in nursing homes. It builds 

on the standard RAI, and includes nine domains. Intra-observer kappas were 0.77–0.9.175

Measures Related to Other Specific Domains 

Measures of Pain and Other Symptoms

Sixty-four measures were reviewed in the Toolkit30 and five measures were recommended 

for assessing either pain or overall symptoms: McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ),176 Wisconsin 

Brief Pain Questionnaire, Memorial Pain Assessment Card, Edmonton Symptom Assessment 

System (ESAS,177 and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS).178 

With regard to the MSAS, we identified a validation trial for the MSAS in non cancer 

patients where convergent validity to the Piper Fatigue Scale ranged from r=0.15 to 0.56 for 

cancer patients and 0.29 to 0.61 for non-cancer patients (best for behavioral and sensory 

subscales of the PFS); factor analysis yielded one psychological factor and one physical 

symptom with three subgroups; Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85 in cancer patients (n=66) and 0.77 in 

non-cancer end-stage group (n=69).179 Also, Chang et al. report univariate correlations for the 

MSAS to RAND Mental Health Inventory (MHI) well-being scale –0.60 (–0.53 to 0.66 for three 

subscales), MHI distress 0.65 (0.48 to 0.80), Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC) –0.78 (–

0.61 to –0.78, subscales of FLIC range –0.45 to –0.73), SDS 0.79 (0.57 to 0.81), and Karnofsky 

–0.58 (–0.31 to–0.65); the physical and global distress index subscales performed better than the 

psychological symptom subscale.180

More recent studies of the ESAS have shown that telephone administration was possible in 

62% of palliative care patients.181 correlation to MSAS Global Distress r=0.73; concurrent 

validity ESAS summary distress score to MSAS demonstrated: TMSAS scale (0.72), Global 

Distress Index (GDI) (0.73), physical symptom subscale (0.74), and psychological symptom 

subscale (0.56); ESAS summary distress score to FACT demonstrated: physical well-being 

subscale (–0.75), sum QOL (–0.69), functional well-being (–0.63), emotional well-being (–0.52) 

and social/family well-being (–0.25); all item correlations reported as significant; calibration 

studies showed overlap for median values within scales for all items; Cronbach alpha 0.79; testretest Spearman correlation 0.86 at two days and 0.45 at one week; all items significantly 

correlated at two days (r = 0.43 to 0.86) but at one week only pain (0.75), activity (0.65), 
38

depression (0.54), shortness of breath (0.53) and distress (0.45) were significantly correlated.182

We identified seven additional measures with descriptions of psychometric properties in the 

current effort. 

The Cambridge Palliative Assessment Schedule (CAMPAS-R) was developed for palliative 

care in primary care. Patients rate physical and psychological symptoms and their caregiver’s 

psychological symptoms on a visual analog scale. Face and content validity was tested with 

patients, physicians, and nurses; criterion validity showed correlation with the EORTC and 

HADS for some items but not for others; and discriminant validity was shown through 

significant differences between patients who did and who did not survive. Cronbach’s alpha for 

correlation between symptoms was 0.77–0.8.183 

The Symptom Monitor is a ten-item diary for physical symptoms, developed for feasibility in 

patients with advanced illness. Inter-rater intra-cluster correlations were >0.75.184

Two validation reports were identified for the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCCS).185, 186

The measure uses nine patient-scored visual analogue scales and six observer-scored four-point 

scaled items to measure symptoms prevalent in lung cancer. Construct validity against 

Karnofsky was 0.15–0.63 across items (symptomatic distress 0.49, effect on activities 0.63, QOL 

0.43).185 Criterion validity was reported (patient scale and observer scale, respectively) relative 

to the Karnofsky (r=0.63, NA), Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) (0.40, 0.56), Profile of Mood 

States (POMS) (0.67,0.54), American Thoracic Society Questionnaire (ATS 29) cough (0.56, 

0.65) and dyspnea (0.46, 0.64), and McGill Pain Questionnaire-short form (SF-MPQ) (items 

range 0.51–0.67). Internal consistency was done to Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) (r=0.93), SIP 

(r=0.94), POMS (r=0.94), SF-MPQ (r=0.91, r=0.64-0.74 for three components). Hollen, et al. 

describe normative data and trends for QOL in stage III and IV lung cancer using the LCCS.187 

Sarna et al. applied the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS) to female lung cancer patients.188 The 

13-item, self-report scale was developed and modified in the 1970s to 1980s. In this study, factor 

analysis with principal components and varimax rotation resulted in a five-factor model 

explaining 65% variance. The study provides only limited validity data beyond factor analysis 

but notes negative correlations of certain items to parts of Karnofsky Performance Status (r= –

0.27 to –0.48) and an overall r=–0.58. 

Warden et al. reports psychometric testing for a novel, disease-specific measure, Pain 

Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD).189 The five-item, observer assessment 

demonstrated convergent validity to Discomfort Scale—Dementia Alzheimer’s Type (DS-DAT) 

and Discomfort Scale–Visual Analogue Scale (DS-VAS) (r=0.76, n=19) and PAIN-VAS 

(r=0.75, n=18). Factor analysis was noted and also done in different conditions (r>=0.82 for pain 

with activity). Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.57 to 0.83 in multiple phases of the study. 

Volicer et al. reports the evaluation of two symptom scales for dementia patients: the 

Symptom Management at the End of Life in Dementia (SM-EOLD) and the Comfort Assessment 

in Dying With Dementia (CAD-EOLD).113 The SM-EOLD is a nine-item scale shown to 

comprise two factors; item-total correlations range 0.18 to 0.66; correlation for symptom items 

on CAD-EOLD r = 0.475 to 0.559; Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78. The CAD-EOLD is a 14-item scale 

with four subscales (physical distress, dying symptoms, emotional distress, well-being); itemtotal correlations range 0.39 to 0.79; correlation for symptom items on SM-EOLD r = 0.475 to 

0.559; Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85 overall; subscales (physical distress r=0.74, dying symptoms 

r=0.70, emotional distress r=0.82, well-being r=0.80). 
39

Measures of Emotional and Cognitive Symptoms 

The Toolkit30 reviewed 41 measures and recommended five: Profile of Mood States, 

Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, Center for Epidemiolgic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), and RAND Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5). Our literature search identified six reports 

describing measures in the domain of emotional symptoms.) A single-item screening for 

depression, “Are you depressed?” correctly identified depression in all 24 terminally ill patients 

evaluated.190

The communication capacity scale is a five-item clinician rating scale developed for 

palliative care populations. Principal components analysis demonstrated only one component, 

and the scale was highly associated with cognitive items on the MDAS and DRS (delirium rating 

scale) and not with irrelevant items. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 and inter-rater kappa was 

excellent.191 

The agitation distress scale is a six-item clinician rating scale. Principal components analysis 

demonstrated only one component, and the scale was highly associated with agitation items on 

the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) and DRS and not with irrelevant items. 

Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91 and inter-rater kappa was excellent.191

Kurlowicz et al. evaluated the 19-item clinician interview Cornell Scale for Depression in 

Dementia (CSDD) in a study of 642 nursing home patients.192 Oblique rotation four-factor 

matrix and inter-factor correlation analysis resulted in a 16-item, four-domain measure. Criterion 

validity was performed and reported. Internal consistency revealed a Cronbach alpha of 0.76. 

Hopwood et al. applied two previously developed measures to a sample of 204 patients with 

breast cancer.193 Only weak validity metrics are reported for the Hospital Anxiety and 

Depression Scale (HADS) and the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL). 

Measures of Functional Status

The Toolkit30 reviewed 15 measures and recommended six within this domain: Index of 

Independence in ADLs, Barthel Index, Physical Self-Maintenance Scale, Rapid Disability Rating 

Scale, Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, and FIMTM Instrument. Our literature search 

identified four reports describing measures in the domain of functional status with specific 

psychometric descriptions of measures. Two reports were refinements to the Edmonton 

Functional Assessment Tool (EFAT); the original measure was evaluated in the Toolkit and not 

recommended; however, the revision, EFAT-2, was not available at the time of the last Toolkit 

update.194, 195 EFAT-2 is a ten-item rating assigned by a professional grading symptoms and 

functions and assigns a summary functional assessment. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.86 and 

inter-rater correlation was 0.97 for self trained clinicians (n=2) and 0.95 for formal trained 

(n=2).194, 195 The measure was not correlated with pain but demonstrated discriminant validity in 

different groups based on discharge location. 

Gerety et al. report on a 54-item measure to evaluate frail elderly individuals that requires 

calibrated specialized performance measuring equipment, the Physical Disability Index (PDI).196

They report discriminate validity against Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam (r=0.11) and 

convergent validity to the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (r=–0.71) and Sickness Impact 

Profile (r=–0.59). Test-retest correlation in 36 patients at two to five days was r=0.97 overall, 

four subscales 0.92–0.96; inter-rater reliability coefficients ranged from r=0.81 to 0.99 except for 

the mobility scale which was r= –0.02 to 0.70. 
40

Gloth et al. report on the Frail Elderly Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FEFA), which 

is a 19-item, interviewer administered tool for the elderly at very low activity levels.197 They 

report correlation to direct observation (r=0.90), Katz’s ADL index (r=0.86), Barthel index 

(r=0.91), and Lawton’s IADL index (r=0.67). Test-retest in 29 patients at a two-week interval 

revealed a kappa 0.82 overall; all items had kappas greater than 0.40 (0.45–0.91). 

Measures of Survival Time and Aggressiveness of Care 

The Toolkit30 reviewed four chart-based instruments and three prognostic tools. Several 

individual questions are recommended, but validity/reliability information on tools is not 

available. As described in the methods section, a review of prognostication and prognostic 

indices relevant to the definition of the end of life is included in Appendix A. 

Measures of Advance Care Planning

The Toolkit30 reviewed and recommended the Toolkit of Instruments to Measure End of Life 

Care Bereaved Family Member Interview. Our literature search identified one additional report 

describing measures in the domain of advance care planning with specific descriptions of the 

psychometric properties of measures. 

Koedoot et al. (2001) describe a measure not captured in the Toolkit that has applicability to 

advance care planning.198 The decisional conflict scale (DCS) is tested in a Dutch translation 

version for psychometric properties in a cancer patient group. The measure consists of 16 items, 

each scored on a five-point Likert scale, across three subscales (uncertainty, factors contributing, 

and effective decision-making). Construct validity among subscales was measured at r=0.58 to 

0.76. Criterion validity on the uncertainty subscale was described as significant between certain 

versus uncertain group. Prior reliability testing was noted in the report demonstrating internal 

consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.78–0.89) and test-retest reliability (r>0.80). 

Measures of Continuity of Care

The Toolkit30 reviewed four measures and recommended the Picker-Commonwealth Single 

Item, Smith-Falvo Patient-Doctor Interaction Scale, McCusker Scale, and Chao Patient 

Perception measures. Our literature search identified no additional reports describing measures in 

the domain of continuity of care with descriptions of specific psychometric properties of 

measures. 

Measures of Spirituality 

The Toolkit30 reviewed 25 measures and recommended the Meaning in Life Scale, Spiritual 

Well-Being Scale, Spiritual Perspective Scale, Death Transcendence Scale, Death Attitude 

Profile, and Herth Hope Index. Our literature search identified one additional report describing 

measures in the domain of spirituality with descriptions of specific psychometric properties of 

measures. 

The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF) 199 is a 10-item scale 

with good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95) and test-retest reliability (0.82) in a 

population with mainly early-stage breast cancer. Convergent validity was demonstrated through 

a strong correlation with intrinsic religiosity and moderate correlations with religious practice, 

perception of self as spiritual, and comfort derived from religion. 
41

The 45-item Life Closure Scale was developed to measure psychological adaptation in the 

dying and tested in hospice patients. The content validity index, as assessed by experts, was 0.83, 

and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.80.200

Measures of Grief and Bereavement

The Toolkit30 reviewed 24 measures and recommended the Grief Resolution Index and 

Anticipatory Grief Scale. Our literature search identified four additional reports describing 

measures in the domain of grief and bereavement that provided specific psychometric properties 

of measures. 

The CBI (Core Bereavement Items) includes 17 items in three subscales. The measure was 

developed from the bereavement phenomenology questionnaire. Testing included face validity, 

factor analysis, and discriminant validity for time and group effects; Cronbach’s alpha was 

0.91.201 

The Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (HGRC)202 is a 61-item measure across six constructs 

(despair, panic behavior, blame and anger, disorganization, detachment, and personal growth) 

that was developed in grieving adults from mixed sources. Hotgan et al. reported convergent 

validity to earlier measures in general grief that ranged from r=0.20 to 0.78 with significant 

correlations across subscales; discriminant validity in subset of mothers who experienced death 

of a child by different mechanisms and by timing of death; Cronbach’s alpha overall was 0.90. 

An eight-item adaptation of the Bereavement Risk Index showed significant differences in 

the Brief Symptom Inventory between low- and high-risk group, which were maintained for 25 

months after death.203

Feldstein et al (1995) used the Grief Experience Inventory (GEI) measure in a study of 

oncology nurse grief and summarized the original validation data reported in 1985.204 The 

measure uses 102 yes/no statements in a self-administered inventory that is further scored into 

nine composite scales. Data reported includes discriminant validity between bereaved versus 

nonbereaved individuals at the significance level 0.001 on all subscales, test-retest coefficients 

0.53–0.87, and internal consistency Cronbach’s alpha = 0.52–0.84 on bereavement scales. 

Measures of Caregiver Well-being

The Toolkit30 reviewed 53 measures and recommended the Caregiver Strain Index and 

Caregiver Reaction Assessment. Our literature search identified two additional reports describing 

measures in the domain of caregiver well-being with specific psychometric descriptions of 

measures. 

Travis et al. describe the development of the Family Caregiver Medication Administration 

Hassles Scale designed to capture problems caregivers experience with assisting elderly with 

medications.205 The 24-item paper survey is designed to capture four subscales (information, 

safety issues, scheduling, and polypharmacy). Principal components and factor analysis was 

done (66.5% cumulative variance). Construct validity against the Medication Complexity Index 

(r=0.19) and modified Caregiver Strain Index (r=0.44) were reported. Test-retest at two weeks 

(n=53) correlated at r=0.84. Internal consistency was reported at 0.95 (0.800.92 across 

subscales). 

The Cost and Reciprocity Index (CRI) (modified) includes 25 items in four subscales and 

was modified for use with hospice caregivers. Concepts include social support and conflict. 
42

Extensive testing was done with the original instrument in healthy populations; in this study, 

relations between subscales were consistent with the theoretical framework and Cronbach’s 

alpha was 0.68–0.83.206

Other Measures 

A number of measures were identified in our endeavor that did not specifically fit into any 

domains established by the Toolkit but may have applicability to end-of-life care research. Our 

literature search identified three reports describing measures in outside of the Toolkit domains 

with descriptions of specific psychometric properties of measures. 

Kristjansson, et al. report on an index of social support developed from data gathered in the 

Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA).207 The six-item measure was developed from 

factor analysis (item correlations 0.26 to 0.83) and item response theory (IRT) analysis for half 

the study population. External (construct and predictive validity on second half of study 

population), and IRT (r=0.53 to network size)/classical (r=0.61) comparison was done. Cronbach 

alpha = 0.76; IRT marginal reliability was 0.85. 

We identified a number of clinical scoring tools. The Hospice Pressure Ulcer Risk 

Assessment Scale (HoRT) measures physical activity, age, and mobility. PPV was 50%, NPV 

100%.208 The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale looked only at demographic, clinical, and 

prognosis to death correlation to CDR scores CDR correlates to death during follow up 

r=0.36.209

Fowell et al. report a novel application of an integrated care pathway (ICP) to gain quality of 

end-of-life care data.210 The investigators developed and employed the ICP across the healthcare 

system in Wales and captured data about the end-of-life care experience from variance sheets 

that were required when the care provided deviated from the expected course of care delineated 

in the ICP guideline. Although not a validated measure, this quality improvement method 

provided significant evaluative data about the care of the dying across the healthcare system in 

Wales. 

Summary of Measures 

Many new instruments have been developed or have undergone further evaluation in end-oflife settings since the last Toolkit update in 2000, particularly in the domains of quality of life, 

quality of care and satisfaction, and pain and physical symptoms. However, many articles did not 

report a theoretical framework or a careful development process, and reliability and validity 

testing was often limited in scope. Since patients at the end of life often receive care in multiple 

settings, instruments that are useful longitudinally and in hospitals, intensive care, outpatient 

settings, nursing homes, and at home are essential for comprehensive evaluations, but most 

instrument evaluations were limited to a single setting. End-of-life issues and symptoms often 

also vary substantially with cultural backgrounds. However, development, reliability, and 

validity studies addressing different populations were also very uncommon. Finally, although 

end-of-life care varies substantially among different regions of the United States, most studies 

were conducted in a single center, often in tertiary care settings. 

Many commonly used instruments have not been evaluated in end-of-life populations, where 

psychometrics, burden, or applicability may be very different. Few instruments were developed 

for or tested specifically in non-cancer populations. In certain areas, particularly continuity, 

advance care planning, and aggressiveness of care, we found few instruments tested in the end-
43

of-life population. In other areas, such as quality of life or satisfaction, lack of theoretical 

frameworks, limited evaluations, and lack of consensus often make it difficult for researchers to 

choose appropriate instruments. Finally, few instruments have been developed or evaluated for 

the purpose of clinical practice, evaluation studies, or quality assessment or improvement 

interventions. Improving the quality of the intervention literature requires further evaluation of 

carefully developed instruments and development or testing of continuity, advanced care 

planning, and aggressiveness of care specifically for the purpose of evaluating interventions. 
44

C. Key Questions 2 and 3: 

2. What patient, family, and healthcare system factors are 

associated with better or worse outcomes at end of life? 

3. What processes and interventions are associated with 

improved or worsened outcomes? 

Elements associated with patient experience: symptoms of pain, 

dyspnea, depression and anxiety, and behavioral issues in dementia 

 We reviewed 27 systematic reviews or meta-analyses because they addressed selected 

symptoms of a palliative care population. Of those considered, we identified 12 that addressed 

the project questions and met implicit quality criteria. Two of the reviews included here focused 

specifically on a cancer population, one on patients with COPD, three on patients with dementia, 

and another six did not limit their reviews to only one disease cohort. In our review, we went 

beyond the systematic reviews by including intervention studies addressing our chosen symptom 

topics if those studies were not included in the systematic reviews. In total, we identified an 

additional 18 intervention studies. Finally, we explored the observational literature that 

addressed selected topics. Specifically, we identified prospective, observational cohort studies 

addressing any of our selected symptom topics and that also presented data separately by race, 

selected disease cohorts, or selected sites of care. In total, we reviewed 14 observational studies. 

The remainder of this section summarizes the systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and 

intervention studies for each of the symptom groups separately: pain, dyspnea, depression and 

anxiety, and behavioral issues for dementia patients. A discussion of all the observational studies 

is presented at the end of the whole section. Summaries of the association of patient, family, and 

health system factors to symptoms and the effectiveness of interventions in improving symptoms 

are found at the conclusion of Chapter 3. 
45

Table 4. Systematic Reviews for Symptoms: Pain, Dyspnea, Depression/Anxiety, Behavior in Dementia 

Study Symptoms 

Addressed 

Date Search 

Concluded 

Date of Publication 

Higginson, Draft72 Pain, dyspnea, 

depression, anxiety 

March 2003 Unpublished 

Wilson, 2004211 Pain Mid-2003 Draft in press 

Booth, 2004212 Dyspnea 2002 2004 

Salman, 2003213 Dyspnea September 

2000 

2003 

Higginson, 2003214 Pain 2000 2003 

Carr, 2002 34 Pain, depression June 2001 2002 

Jennings, 2002215 Dyspnea May 1999 2002 

Higginson, 2001 74 Pain 1999 2001 

Pan, 2000216 Pain, Dyspnea September 

1998 

2000 

Finnema, 1999 217 Aggression, 

agitation, wandering 

1999 2000 

Opie, 1999218 Aggression, 

agitation, wandering 

1998 1999 

Forbes, 1998219 Aggression, 

agitation, wandering 

May 1997 1998 

Pain 

Systematic Reviews and Pain 

Six systematic review publications reflecting five separate reviews were identified that 

addressed the topic of pain.34, 72, 74, 211, 214, 216 The systematic reviews by Higginson et al.74, 214

include the original report and a peer-reviewed publication from that report and are treated as 

one review. Two of the systematic reviews addressed pain specifically in cancer populations,34, 72

one included a meta-analysis of the literature on the effects of palliative care teams on pain,74, 214

and two reviews examined the literature on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or 

otherwise deemed “non-pharmacologic” interventions to address pain and other symptoms.211, 216 

One of the more recent reviews, conducted by Gysels and Higginson,72 examined the 

literature on improving support for and palliative care of cancer patients. This review considered 

studies published before March 2003, including randomized or quasi-randomized controlled 

studies, non-randomized controlled studies, observational studies and systematic reviews. This 

review was not organized specifically around pain or other symptoms; however, many symptomrelated studies were reviewed in the context of other topic areas, including “coordination of 

care,” “user involvement in planning, delivering, and evaluating services,” “psychological 

support services,” “general palliative care services,” “specialist palliative care services,” 

“rehabilitation services,” and “complementary therapy services.” In total, 44 symptom-related 

studies were identified, 27 of which addressed pain. Among the studies reviewed was the 

systematic review by Pan et al.216 on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), a study 

separately identified during our search of the literature and which will be described below. Of the 

27 studies identified on pain, nine were randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials and 12 

were observational studies. The remainder were qualitative studies (2), a systematic review, and 
46

three studies with unclear study designs. Sample sizes in these studies ranged from 9 to 695. 

Interventions to address pain symptoms included clinical pathways and special clinical teams, 

education, hospice (either inpatient or outpatient), palliative care teams, specialized home care 

teams, and massage. Overall, the studies identified in this review reported beneficial positive 

results in which pain symptoms experienced by cancer patients were alleviated by the 

interventions. Of the 19 studies reporting beneficial results, 11 were observational studies. One 

of the qualitative studies identified substantial unrelieved pain in the sample included in its 

study. There were six studies that reported no significant difference in pain symptoms between 

the intervention and control groups or between baseline and follow-up. Five of these studies 

were randomized or quasi-randomized controlled studies and one was a prospective 

observational study. 

A systematic review of the management of cancer symptoms, including pain, was conducted 

by the New England Medical Center Evidence-Based Practice Center for the Agency for 

Healthcare Research and Quality.34 This review considered the literature published in or before 

September 2001 that addressed the prevalence, assessment, or treatment of the selected 

symptoms. The report considered the full trajectory of disease rather than focusing on end-of-life 

care specifically. Given the focus of our review, we will only report on the findings from the 

review of studies related to treatment of pain. Only randomized controlled trials were accepted 

for this portion of the review. The authors of this report summarized the literature on the 

treatment of cancer pain published following the publication of a systematic review on cancer 

pain by Goudas et al.220 A total of 24 studies were identified; one addressed the relative efficacy 

of particular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in comparison to other NSAIDs or 

placebo; six were identified that evaluated adjuvant analgesics in cancer pain management; six 

compared one opioid with another; five considered bisphosphonates in treating metastatic bone 

pain (comparing different doses or comparing to placebo) and six studies considered CAM 

treatments for managing cancer pain. Of these 24 studies, 14 interventions reported beneficial 

results. The six studies comparing different types of opioids, different dosages of the same 

opioid, or different means of opioid delivery did not report statistically significant results. 

In an extensive review conducted by Higginson et al.,74, 214 the authors explored the role that 

palliative care teams play in affecting a number of symptoms in end-of-life care populations. The 

authors searched ten databases, the gray literature, journals, and the references of included 

studies. The most recent study was published in 2000. A total of 54 studies were identified after 

excluding case reports. The palliative care interventions identified in these studies included a 

number of settings: home care, hospital-based, combined home/hospital-based, inpatient unit, 

and integrated teams. A meta-analysis was conducted with a subset of 19 studies. The study 

designs included in this review were primarily prospective or retrospective/observational/crosssectional. A meta-analysis of palliative care versus conventional care based on 13 studies 

reported an overall beneficial effect of palliative care teams on pain outcomes (OR: 0.38, 95% 

CI: 0.23, 0.64; odds ratio less than 1 means less pain). When the studies were stratified by study 

design, a significant effect on pain was only seen among the studies with non-randomized and 

observational/retrospective designs; there were three RCTs in this review (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 

0.52, 1.28), three non-randomized controlled trials (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.57) and seven 

observational/retrospective studies (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.74). 

One systematic review produced by Health Canada addressed the symptoms of populations 

nearing the end of life.211 In this review, the authors focused on managing end-of-life pain and 
47

other symptoms through non-pharmacological means. The search incorporated the literature 

published through mid-2003 in nine databases, the gray literature, monographs, and policy 

statements. A total of 21 research articles were identified (6 individual studies and 15 reviews). 

Non-pharmacological treatments of pain were the subject of 17 out of 21 of the research studies 

reviewed. Topics included acupuncture, hypnosis, music therapy, relaxation, massage, imagery, 

therapeutic touch, magnets, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), microcurrent 

electrical neuromuscular stimulator (MENS), radiation therapy, and pediatric palliative care; 

however, only a subset of these were the subject of intervention. Where an intervention was 

conducted, results were generally beneficial, but most studies were observational in design. 

One study by Pan et al216 explored the role that complementary and alternative medicine 

(CAM) interventions might have in reducing or eliminating pain among palliative care 

populations. The authors searched six databases for CAM interventions, focusing on the 

following interventions: acupuncture, TENS, massage therapy, behavioral/relaxation therapy, 

music therapy, and psychological therapy. A total of 21 studies were identified in this review; 

eleven of these studies were RCTs, two were non-randomized trials, and eight were case studies. 

The most recent of the studies identified was published in 1998. A total of 14 studies addressed 

pain as the primary outcome of interest. Although the search criteria did not limit the review to 

cancer populations only, of the 14 studies, 12 included patients with cancer diagnoses only. One 

other study examined CAM interventions for pain in an HIV-positive population and another 

focused on a patient population that had received bone marrow transplantation. We summarize 

the findings from this review by type of intervention below, and further details regarding these 

citations can be found in the systematic review by Pan et al.216

TENS: In a double blind RCT of 15 hospice cancer patients, the authors of one study did not 

have enough power to detect differences on pain measurement between the intervention and 

control groups, however, overall quality of life improved among intervention patients. A 

prospective pre/post intervention study of 60 patients with cancer pain included a 2-week 

intervention with TENS and resulted in 28% of patients reporting an excellent response that 

decreased to 15% after three months. A case study of nine patients with advanced cancer 

identified improvement in pain for 66% of them and partial relief in 22% of patients. Another 

case study including 29 frail cancer patients evaluated the joint intervention of TENS with 

acupuncture and found that 62% of patients had pain relief and 27% had pain reduction. 

Acupuncture: In one study of 92 cancer patients, an intervention of acupuncture for one to 

two weeks achieved pain relief for one month in all patients with mild to moderate pain and 72% 

with severe pain. Among 183 cancer patients in another study, 48% had pain relief for three days 

or more or experienced an increase in mobility after a treatment of acupuncture one to four times 

weekly. In the only RCT involving acupuncture, 239 HIV-positive patients were randomized to 

real or sham acupuncture twice weekly for six weeks followed by once weekly for another eight 

weeks. The study found no statistically significant differences in pain reporting between groups. 

Massage: There was one RCT and two case studies that explored the role massage might 

play in reducing pain symptoms. In an unblinded RCT of 28 cancer patients, men had immediate 

pain relief lasting for one hour while women experienced no significant improvement in pain 

symptoms. In a case series of nine cancer patients, patients reported a reduction in pain 

symptoms following two consecutive 30-minute massages. In another case series of 103 cancer 

patients, massage plus aromatherapy promoted pain relief in 33% of participants. 
48

Behavioral and Relaxation Therapy: In a case series of 58 hospice cancer patients, 

participants were referred to relaxation therapy. Approximately 38% of study participants 

reported reduced pain symptoms following the intervention. An RCT of 94 bone marrow 

transplant patients with oral mucositis reported pain improvement by relaxation and imagery. 

Music Therapy: In an RCT of nine terminally ill cancer patients, no significant difference 

was reported among groups in pain relief following an intervention of music therapy, although 

the review authors suggest that there was not sufficient power to detect small differences in the 

outcome. 

Psychological Therapies: An RCT of therapy with or without self-hypnosis was conducted 

among 58 women with advanced breast cancer. The authors of this study reported that therapy 

reduced pain sensation and suffering and self-hypnosis provided further relief. 

Additional Interventional Studies of Pain 

We identified an additional ten randomized clinical trial or controlled clinical trial 

intervention studies addressing pain in end-of-life or palliative care populations. Six of the 

studies were focused specifically on cancer pain. Due to the recent publication of systematic 

reviews addressing cancer pain specifically, we selected those studies for review here that were 

published between 2002 and 2004,221-226 with the exception of one study published in 1998 but 

not otherwise addressed by the reviews we identified.223 Of these six studies, one examined the 

role of hospital-based palliative care teams in improving symptoms of cancer patients, one 

included an aromatherapy massage intervention, two examined pain relief through medication 

(one with NSAIDs, one comparing opioids, and one comparing delivery method), and two 

examined the role of structured assessment on pain and other symptoms. An additional four 

studies focused on the treatment of pain in palliative care for non-cancer or mixed diagnosis 

populations. Three of these studies were published between 2002 and 2004.86, 227, 228 Another 

study, published in 1998, was not previously reported on in any of the systematic reviews we 

considered and is described here.229 One intervention compared different doses of the same 

opioid on pain, one looked at the role exercise plays in reducing pain among nursing home 

residents, one examined the influence of a more comprehensive and coordinated medical record 

on pain and other symptoms, and one explored the role of an outpatient palliative medicine 

consultation on various symptoms including pain. These ten studies have been organized into 

four categories loosely based on the intervention types, rather than by disease cohort. The 

categories are pharmaceutical interventions, system/institutional interventions, CAM, and 

exercise. 

Pharmaceutical Interventions: In one study, Smith and colleagues225 conducted a 

randomized controlled trial of an implantable drug delivery system (IDDS) and comprehensive 

medical management versus medical management alone (control) in 200 outpatients with cancer 

(101 in intervention group; 99 in control group). While the IDDS and control groups had the 

same results in terms of pain reduction (> 20% reduction in pain as measured by a 100-point 

VAS) and six-month survival, this finding is limited by a baseline pain assessment for both 

groups, which ensured some therapy for the control group. Also, the findings are confounded by 

the longer survival of the intervention group. There was a 50% reduction in toxicity scores for 

the intervention group as compared to 17% reduction in the control group (p=0.004). The Jadad 

score for this study was 3. 
49

Buprenorphine is an opioid analgesic that has been mostly available in sublingual and 

parenteral formulations. In the study by Sittl and colleagues,228 the authors examine the efficacy 

and tolerability of transdermal buprenorphine. A randomized, double blind controlled trial of 157 

patients with cancer- and non-cancer-related pain compared the efficacy and tolerability of 

transdermal buprenorphine in three doses (35.0, 52.5, and 70.0 μg/h) plus placebo. Patients 

received a new patch every 72 hours for up to 15 days and were allowed to use sublingual 

buprenorphine tablets for rescue analgesia. The lower doses of transdermal buprenorphine 

produced higher response rates (measured as needing ≤ 1 rescue analgesia pill per day) than 

placebo at 35.0 and 52.5 μg/h (p=0.032 and p=0.003, respectively). There were no significant 

differences between the largest dose and the placebo. The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

In a third drug study, Mercadante and colleagues226 examined the effect of ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on morphine escalation in a randomized controlled 

trial. Patients with cancer-related pain (n=47) were randomized into two groups: the intervention 

group received ketorolac (60 mg/daily p.o.) in three doses with opioid escalation as needed and 

the control group were treated with opioid escalation only. Those in the intervention group used 

less morphine than in the control (p=0.003) and had less opioid escalation (p<0.0005). The mean 

weekly pain intensity was significantly less after three weeks in the intervention group than in 

the control (p=0.005). The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

Systems/Institutional Interventions: In a study published in 1998, Latimer and colleagues229

investigated the effectiveness and efficiency of a patient care traveling record in palliative care. 

The authors randomized 61 patients cared for by a palliative care service to receive or not receive 

the patient care traveling record, a record of the patient’s care from all sources that the patient 

could take with him/her to all appointments with providers including names of providers, next of 

kin, prior hospitalizations, medications, advanced directives, etc. Of the original sample, only 21 

remained at the end of the follow-up period. Patients who used the traveling record had a larger 

reduction in reported pain at follow-up as compared to the control group; however, the difference 

was marginally significant (p=0.05). The Jadad score for this study was 2. 

Building on the literature from Higginson et al.74, 214 are two recently published studies 

examining the relationship between palliative care team interventions and patient outcomes. In 

the study by Jack et al. published in 2003,221 the authors conducted a controlled clinical trial of 

hospital based palliative care teams with 100 cancer patients (50 in intervention, 50 in usual care 

control group) to improve pain and other symptoms. The intervention group had significantly 

better pain ratings than the control group at the second and third assessments (p=0.029 and 

p<0.001, respectively). The most recent study, published in 2004 by Rabow et al.,86 reports on a 

randomized controlled trial to understand the influence of an outpatient palliative medicine 

consultation team on symptoms in 90 patients (50 intervention, 40 control) with chronic heart 

failure, COPD, or cancer. There were no significant differences in patients reporting any pain or 

in their average pain score based on the Brief Pain Inventory. The Jadad score for this study was 

3. 

Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Soden and colleagues224 conducted a randomized 

controlled trial of aromatherapy massage versus massage only or no treatment (control) with 42 

cancer patients. There were no significant changes in pain assessments between baseline and 

follow-up for any group, nor were there significant between-group differences in pain 

assessment. The Jadad score for this study was 5. 
50

Exercise: Simmons and colleagues227 reported on a study that explored the effects of an 

exercise and toileting program on pain among 51 incontinent nursing home residents in a 

randomized controlled trial. The intervention included toileting prompts every two hours, five 

days a week, between the hours of 8:00 AM and 4:30 PM by nursing staff. During this same time 

period, either before or after toileting, the staff would provide assistance for the resident to walk, 

wheel, or at least perform sit-to-stand movements. This intervention did not result in significant 

differences in pain reports between the intervention and control groups. The Jadad score for this 

study was 1. 

Two studies examined the role of structured assessment in improving care processes for 

cancer patients through better information collection and patient-provider communication. 

Sarna223 examined the efficacy of a structured symptom assessment on symptom distress in a 

randomized controlled trial. The study included 48 subjects with advanced lung cancer. Patients 

were randomized to structured assessment or usual care and assessed several times over a sixmonth period. A total of 21 patients remained in the study at six months. Pain symptoms 

(frequency and severity) did not significantly differ between the intervention and control groups 

across time. The Jadad score for this study was 2. 

In a study published in 2002, Detmar and colleagues222 evaluated the efficacy of standardized 

health-related quality of life assessments in improving patient-provider communication and 

increasing provider awareness of patient needs. Patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy 

(n=214) were randomized to the intervention or to usual care. Intervention patients were assessed 

at three successive outpatient visits. The study reported no statistically significant differences on 

measures of pain at the final visit for intervention patients as compared to controls. The Jadad 

score for this study was 2. 

Dyspnea 

Systematic Reviews of Dyspnea 

We identified five systematic reviews addressing the topic of dyspnea in the context of endof-life care. One of the reviews focused specifically on dyspnea in cancer patients, one on 

patients with COPD, and three on mixed disease. The review described previously by Gysels and 

Higginson72 also included studies addressing dyspnea. In this review, the authors summarized six 

studies regarding dyspnea, including the systematic review by Pan et al.216 Two additional 

studies were randomized controlled studies, two were qualitative, and one was observational. 

The sample sizes ranged from 34 to 207 patients and two of the studies focused specifically on 

dyspnea in a patient population with lung cancer. Interventions included a nurse (RN) clinical 

intervention, a nurse (NP) CAM intervention, home care with a focus on dyspnea treatment, 

palliative care services, and one with an unclear intervention. Four of the five interventions 

described in these research studies (excluding the systematic review) demonstrated beneficial 

results by reducing the symptoms of dyspnea and/or the anxiety associated with dyspnea. 

In a separate review study, Salman and colleagues213 searched three databases as well as the 

reference lists of selected studies and unpublished studies from meeting abstracts to identify 

RCTs that included interventions to relieve dyspnea through rehabilitation (either upperextremity, lower-extremity, and/or respiratory muscle exercises) for patients with COPD. The 

study authors applied strict criteria for identifying studies with the intended population; however, 

it is not clear how much of the patient populations included were at the end of life. The authors 
51

selected studies in which the clinical status of the patients was reported and in which patients had 

a diagnosis of COPD and had an forced expiratory volume (FEV1) < 70% of predicted value or 

an forced expiratory volume / forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) < 70% of predicted value. A 

total of 12 RCTs including in total 723 patients were identified that assessed dyspnea. 

Intervention studies that included at least lower-extremity training (11 of 12 trials) reported 

significant improvements in dyspnea. Interventions lasting six months or longer had better 

outcomes for those with severe COPD while both short and long-term interventions improved 

dyspnea for patients with mild to moderate COPD. A meta-analysis of the selected studies 

yielded a beneficial overall effect (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.91). Among those with mild to 

moderate COPD, the total effect based on nine studies was not statistically significant (OR: 0.69, 

95% CI: 0.24, 1.14). Among those with severe COPD, the total effect based on three studies was 

significant (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.84). 

The study by Pan et al.216 described previously also examined the literature on CAM in 

treating dyspnea. The interventions included in this review of the literature on dyspnea were 

acupuncture, acupressure, and behavioral/psychological therapies. A total of six intervention 

studies were identified; four of these studies explored dyspnea relief for patient populations with 

COPD and two addressed cancer-related dyspnea. We summarize the findings from this review 

below by type of intervention, and further details regarding these citations can be found in the 

systematic review by Pan et al.216

Acupuncture: In a single-blind RCT, 24 COPD patients were randomized to receive 13 

sessions of acupuncture over three weeks or sham acupuncture over the same time frame. At the 

end of the study, the intervention group had less subjective breathlessness and could walk further 

in a six minute walking test. In a prospective study of 20 patients with cancer-related dyspnea, 

70% of patients reported symptomatic improvement lasting up to six hours after acupuncture 

treatment. 

Acupressure: One study was identified that examined acupressure in a single-blind RCT 

(with crossover) as a treatment for dyspnea. In this study, 31 patients with COPD were 

randomized to a six-week course of self-administered acupressure alternating with six weeks of 

sham acupressure. Those in the intervention group experienced a significant reduction in 

dyspnea symptoms at the end of the study. 

Behavioral and Psychological Therapies: Three studies were identified that addressed 

behavioral or psychological therapies with respect to dyspnea. In one RCT of 20 COPD patients, 

the authors randomized patients to an intervention of progressive muscle relaxation or usual care 

and advice to try to relax for 45 minutes a day. The study authors found that, in the intervention 

group, dyspnea symptoms improved with each session. However, there was no overall 

improvement over the course of the study. Another double-blind RCT of 65 patients with COPD 

reported less dyspnea when measured by the Fletcher scale for those who received nurse therapy 

(which consisted of reassurance without psychotherapeutic training) compared to those who 

received supportive therapy with psychoanalysis, analytic therapy, and a control group. There 

was however, no difference in the experience of dyspnea as measured by a visual analogue scale. 

A third RCT of 20 patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer incorporated a onehour session with a nurse practitioner for three to six weeks in which the patient learned 

exercises, received counseling, relaxation techniques, and coping/adaptation strategies versus 

usual care to address dyspnea. After three months, the intervention group reported 35% 
52

improvement in dyspnea, 53% improvement in distress, and 17% improvement in functional 

capacity. 

The fourth review study, published by Jennings and colleagues,215 considered the evidence 

regarding the use of opioids in the management of dyspnea. The authors searched eight 

difference electronic databases as well as hand searched reference lists of selected articles and 

textbooks on the subject. Only double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials were included 

in this review. A total of 18 studies met the criteria for review. All studies had a crossover 

design. Nine of the studies examined the use of oral or parenteral opioids and nine examined the 

use of nebulized opioids. Meta-analysis of the studies (the subset of 13 with the necessary level 

of detail in the data) demonstrated an overall beneficial effect of opioids on the management of 

dyspnea (standardized mean difference (SMD): –0.31; 95% CI: –0.50, –0.13). Analyses were 

split by mode of opioid delivery (nebulized or non-nebulized) and the authors found a similar 

significant effect for the non-nebulized forms of opioid delivery (SMD: –0.40; 95% CI: –0.63, –

0.17) but not for the nebulized forms (SMD: –0.11; 95% CI: –0.32, 0.10). An additional metaanalysis was conducted to explore the pooled effect of opioids on exercise tolerance, which 

failed to demonstrate a statistically significant beneficial effect (SMD: –0.20; 95% CI: –0.42, 

0.03). 

The most recently published review specifically addressing the research on the treatment of 

dyspnea was published by Booth and colleagues in 2004.212 The search strategy for this review 

included a search of three databases, the references of selected papers, and a hand search of key 

journals in the field. The authors identified 34 randomized controlled trials that examined the use 

of oxygen in the management of dyspnea for patients with COPD, advanced cancer, and heart 

failure. Studies were organized and evaluated both around the type of intervention (short- or 

long-term oxygen therapy) and by patient cohort (COPD at rest, COPD before, during, and after 

exercise, advanced cancer, and chronic heart failure). All studies, with one exception, included a 

crossover design. Short-term oxygen therapy for COPD patients at rest led to significant 

improvement in dyspnea in two out of five studies. Among the studies that included oxygen 

along with an exercise program, 18 out of 22 had a positive result; in most cases, the intervention 

led to a slower increase in dyspnea and/or increased endurance rather than simply reduced 

dyspnea on oxygen. Long-term oxygen therapy had little if any effect on COPD patients with 

dyspnea. Two of three studies focusing on the management of dyspnea in advanced cancer 

produced significant improvements in dyspnea with an oxygen intervention. Only one of three 

studies employing oxygen in the management of dyspnea for patients with chronic heart failure 

reported a positive finding. 

Additional Interventional Studies of Dyspnea 

An additional ten randomized controlled studies were identified that explored the role of 

different interventions on reducing dyspnea in palliative care populations. 230, 231,222, 232-236 These 

studies were all published between 1993 and 2003 and were not included in the systematic 

reviews described above either because they did not meet the disease cohort criteria or the 

intervention criteria. Eight of the intervention studies focused on cancer patients, one focused on 

patients with chronic heart failure, and one focused on patients with chronic obstructive 

pulmonary disease (COPD). 

Three of the randomized controlled studies reported on interventions incorporating oxygen to 

relieve dyspnea in cancer patients.231, 236, 237 Booth and colleagues231 administered oxygen or air 
53

to 38 hospice patients with advanced cancer and dyspnea at rest in a single-blind randomized 

controlled trial with crossover (20 initially receive oxygen, 18 received air). Patients received 

either oxygen or air for 15 minutes and then were switched to receive the other. This treatment 

was repeated; however, the authors do not report the number of times the crossover took place. 

There was significant relief from dyspnea reported for all patients after receiving air (p<0.001) or 

oxygen (p<0.001) as compared to baseline. However, there was no significant difference in mean 

dyspnea scores between air and oxygen administration. Analyses of patients stratified by 

coexisting drug therapy indicate that those on morphine only, benzodiazepine only, or morphine 

and benzodiazepine had significantly reduced dyspnea with oxygen while those with neither drug 

therapy had non-significant differences in reported dyspnea with oxygen or air. The Jadad score 

for this study was 2. 

In a double-blind randomized controlled trial with crossover, Bruera and colleagues237

assessed the effects of oxygen on the reported intensity of dyspnea in 14 patients with terminal 

cancer. Patients were randomized to receive oxygen or air for five minutes at which time patients 

were switched to the other. This process occurred twice each for oxygen and air. Reports for 

oxygen saturation, respiratory effort, respiratory rate, and the 100-point visual analogue scale 

(VAS) for dyspnea were all significantly better with oxygen than with air. The Jadad score for 

this study was 2. 

In another more recent study by Bruera et al.,236 the authors explored the effectiveness of 

oxygen over air in decreasing dyspnea and fatigue and increasing distance walked during a sixminute walk test in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial. Of the 33 evaluable patients in 

this study, 31 had lung cancer and all had advanced cancer. Patients were randomized to receive 

oxygen or air during the first treatment and then switched to air or oxygen for the second 

treatment. In each treatment phase, the patients performed a six-minute walk test. Contrary to 

earlier findings by the same author, there were no significant differences between treatment 

groups in dyspnea, fatigue, or distance walked. The Jadad score for this study was 5. 

One randomized controlled230 trial evaluated the effect of specific inspiratory muscle training 

(SIMT) on dyspnea in 20 patients with moderate heart failure. Ten patients received training in 

SIMT and the other ten received sham training. Both groups trained 30 minutes a day, six times a 

week over a three-month period. Inspiratory muscle strength measured by Pimax increased in the 

intervention group from 46.5 ± 4.7 to 63.6 ± 4.0 cm H2O (p<0.005). Endurance increased 

significantly in the intervention group (p<0.05) but remained unchanged in the control group. 

Intervention group members were also able to walk further in a 12-minute walk test than control 

group members after completion of training (p<0.01). Based on the dyspnea index (0–4 scale), 

intervention group members significantly improved (p<0.005) while control group members 

remained unchanged. The Jadad score for this study was 2. 

Three studies identified in our review examined the efficacy of morphine in relieving 

dyspnea.232, 234, 235 All three studies employed a randomized controlled trial design with 

crossover. Two of the studies employed patient samples with terminal cancer232, 234 and the third 

employed a sample with COPD.235 Mazzocato and colleagues232 randomized nine patients with 

lung cancer to receive morphine subcutaneously or a placebo on day 1. The intervention crossed 

over to the control group on day 2. Morphine doses ranged from 5 mg to 11.25 mg q4h. Mean 

changes in dyspnea based on a 100-point VAS were –25 ± 10 mm and 0.6 ± 7.7 mm in the 

intervention and control groups, respectively (p<0.01). Significant improvements were observed 

in the intervention group relative to the control based on the Borg scale as well (p=0.03). There 
54

were no significant changes in somnolence, pain, anxiety, respiratory effort, respiratory rate, and 

oxygen saturation. The Jadad score for this study was 2. 

In the study by Bruera and colleagues,234 ten consecutive patients with terminal cancer were 

randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of morphine or placebo. Patients were crossed 

over on the subsequent day. Morphine provided substantial relief from dyspnea at 30-minute 

(p<0.02), 45-minute (p<0.01), and 60-minute (p<0.01) follow-up assessments. There were no 

significant differences in O2 saturation or respiratory rate between the intervention and placebo 

groups. The Jadad score for this study was 0. 

Abernathy and colleagues235 evaluated the efficacy of orally administered morphine in 48 

patients with predominantly COPD and dyspnea. This study was the only one of the three that 

was explicitly described as a double-blind trial. Patients were randomized to receive 20mg of 

morphine sulphate with sustained release or placebo. After four days, patients were crossed over. 

Thirty-eight patients completed the trial. Based on a 100mm visual analog scale, patients 

receiving morphine had a mean improvement in dyspnea scores of 6.6 (sd=15) in the morning 

(p=0.0.11) and 9.5 (sd=19) in the evening (p=0.006). The Jadad score for this study was 5. 

In the study by Detmar et al.222 described above in the section on pain, the authors also 

evaluated the efficacy of standardized health-related quality of life assessments in improving 

patient-provider communication and increasing provider awareness of patient needs related to 

dyspnea. No statistically significant differences were found for measures of dyspnea at the final 

visit for intervention patients as compared to controls. The Jadad score for this study was 2. 

The study by Rabow et al. investigated the influence that an outpatient palliative medicine 

consultation had on symptom relief.86 In this study (described above in the section on pain), the 

authors reported a significant reduction in patient reports of the degree to which dyspnea 

interferes with daily activities (p=0.01) but no difference in the frequency that dyspnea limits 

activities (p=0.07). The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

In another more recently published study, Jordhoy and colleagues233 examined how palliative 

care provided in cooperation between a hospital palliative medicine unit and community-based 

care improved on patient symptoms relative to usual care. Randomization in this study occurred 

at the community healthcare district. Cancer patients within these districts received the 

intervention or usual care (n=235 intervention; n=199 control) and followed for four months. No 

significant differences in patient ratings of dyspnea were found. The Jadad score for this study 

was 3. 

Depression and Anxiety 

Systematic Review of Depression and Anxiety 

Our search identified two research evidence reports that covered the topics of depression and 

anxiety. We chose to address depression and anxiety together because many reports that address 

one also address the other, although that is not uniformly the case. One report addressed 

depression as part of a systematic review of the literature on the management of cancer 

symptoms.34 This study was produced by the New England Medical Center Evidence-Based 

Practice Center and was described in detail earlier in the section on pain symptoms. The other 

report is an unpublished review of studies to improve supportive and palliative care for adults 
55

with cancer.72 This report, produced by Gysels and Higginson, was also described in detail above 

in the section on pain symptoms. 

The methods applied to develop the evidence report published by the New England Medical 

Center Evidence-Based Practice Center have been described previously. Only meta-analyses and 

randomized controlled trials in the topic of depression were included in this reported. Eleven 

controlled studies were identified that explored the effects of medications on depressive 

symptoms. Nine were primarily treatment studies on depressive symptoms, and one was a study 

that explored both pain and depressive symptoms. One study was a depression prevention study. 

Four studies explored the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for 

depression in cancer patients. Other intervention medications included thioridazine, imipramine, 

methylprednisolone, mianserin, mazindol, alprazolam, trazadone, and amitriptyline. With the 

exception of two studies with mazindol and amitriptyline, all medications classified as 

antidepressants reported benefit for cancer patients. Three meta-analyses were identified that 

explored the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in treating depressive symptoms in cancer 

patients. Two of the meta-analyses focused on psychoeducational interventions for general 

cancer symptoms. One meta-analysis focused specifically on anxiety and depression. The 

interventions identified in this analysis included individual therapy, relaxation, group therapy, 

group therapy excluding psychoeducation, and group psychoeducation. A small to medium effect 

size was reported, but the low quality of the studies ultimately decreased the effect size. 

The methods applied to develop the Gysels and Higginson review have been described 

previously. Twenty-four articles out of a total of 302 studies explored the topic of depression and 

anxiety. Six of the identified studies addressed depression alone or with other unrelated 

symptoms (i.e., pain, dyspnea), nine addressed anxiety alone or with other unrelated symptoms, 

and nine addressed both depression and anxiety. Of the 24 studies, 14 were randomized 

controlled trials, four were observational studies, one was qualitative, four were systematic 

reviews and one had an unclear design. Interventions in these studies included behavioral 

interventions (e.g., group/individual cognitive-behavioral therapy), systems/institutional 

interventions (e.g., hospital at home, hospice, palliative care teams), education, and 

complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The behavioral interventions reported 

generally beneficial outcomes for anxiety and depression among cancer patients. 

Systems/institutional interventions produced mixed results; one study on comprehensive hospice 

care and one on palliative care teams did not report significant improvements in anxiety and/or 

depression. The other four studies with similar interventions reported beneficial results, however. 

An educational intervention to address cancer pain significantly reduced anxiety associated with 

pain. CAM interventions including homeopathy, relaxation, acupuncture, and massage 

demonstrated reductions in anxiety for cancer patients, but a nurse practitioner–run intervention 

of CAM did not yield improvements in depression among patients. 

Additional Interventional Studies of Anxiety and Depression 

Five studies were identified that included interventions to improve depression, and two were 

identified that addressed anxiety. Schofield et al.238 performed a pilot study using a randomized 

controlled trial design to investigate the use of the Snoezelen multisensory environment in a 

palliative day care setting for patients with anxiety. Twenty-six patients were recruited as 

subjects. The intervention consisted of access to the Snoezelen for one hour on two separate 

occasions. Control group subjects were given access to a quiet room. Assessments of anxiety 

were made immediately following access to these two environments. A brief semi-structured 
56

interview was conducted with experimental group patients only at the completion of the trial 

session. A significant reduction in anxiety was seen with the experimental group, but the 

investigators reported no changes in quality of life. Semi-structured interviews revealed that 

experimental group patients experienced higher levels of relaxation. The Jadad score for this 

study was 3. 

Soden et al.224 conducted a study to compare the effects of four-week courses of 

aromatherapy massage and massage alone on psychological symptoms (depression and anxiety) 

in patients with advanced cancer (this study was previously described above). There were no 

significant long-term benefits of aromatherapy massage in the improvement of anxiety. There 

were significant improvements in patients with depression and data suggested that aromatherapy 

massage may have a beneficial effect on sleep quality for advanced cancer patients.224 The Jadad 

score for this study was 5. 

In a similar randomized study, Wilkinson et al.239 performed a study to assess the effects of 

massage and aromatherapy massage on cancer patients in a palliative care unit. A total of 103 

patients were accrued. Subjects received either massage using an inert carrier oil (control) or a 

carrier oil plus Roman chamomile essential oil (intervention). Of the 103 subjects, 46 were 

randomized to the aromatherapy group and 57 to the control group. Unlike the Soden study, this 

study reported a statistically significant reduction in anxiety across all allocated groups. The 

aromatherapy group reported a significant decrease in psychological distress with improvement 

in QOL. The massage group reported improvements as well, but this was not statistically 

significant. The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

In a third study employing CAM, Stephenson and colleagues240 tested the effects of foot 

reflexology on anxiety and pain in breast and lung cancer patients. In this study, 23 inpatients 

were allocated to the intervention or control in a quasi-experimental, pre/post crossover design. 

Anxiety, measured using a 100mm visual analog scale was significantly reduced in patients 

receiving reflexology relative to the control (p<0.0001). The Jadad score for this study was 1. 

Gottlieb et al.241 explored the effect of an exercise program on patients with moderate to 

severe heart failure on performance and quality of life including depression. Thirty-three patients 

were randomized to usual care or an exercise program consisting of aerobic training three times a 

week for six months. Depressive symptoms, measured by the CES-D, did not differ significantly 

between the intervention and control groups. The Jadad score for this study was 2. 

In a randomized controlled trial, Rabow et al.86 explored the efficacy of an interdisciplinary 

palliative care team on psychological outcomes. This study was described above in the section 

on pain interventions. There were no significant changes in anxiety or depression levels in the 

intervention group. The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

Addington-Hall et al.242 conducted a randomized controlled trial to explore the efficacy of 

coordinating care for terminally ill cancer patients on the presence and severity of psychological 

morbidity. A total of 554 patients were accrued and randomized. Of this total, 318 were 

randomized to receive coordination care, and 236 were allocated to the control group. The 

intervention included access to a coordination care team (made up of community-based nurses) 

who assessed the need for services and offered advice on how to obtain these services. Overall, 

there were no significant differences between the presence and severity of psychological 

morbidity across both groups. The Jadad score for this study was 2. 
57

Behavioral Issues in Dementia 

Systematic Reviews of Behavioral Issues in Dementia 

A total of three systematic reviews were identified that addressed behavioral symptoms in 

patients with Alzheimer’s disease or some other form of dementia.217-219 We summarize the 

findings from these systematic reviews below. An additional four intervention studies were 

identified that were either published after the systematic reviews were completed or addressed 

the same symptoms in another way. 

Three systematic reviews were identified that addressed the topic of dementia.217-219 All three 

reviews addressed dementia in the context of Alzheimer’s disease. Two of the systematic 

reviews focused on interventions for behavioral symptoms in dementia.217, 218 One study by 

Forbes219 described the use of different strategies to manage behavioral symptoms in 

Alzheimer’s disease. The author searched published and unpublished literature specifically for 

interventions addressing the following symptoms/activities: aggressive/agitated/disruptive 

behaviors, social interaction, self-care ability, day/night disturbances, and wandering. Forty-five 

studies published between 1985 and 1997 were identified. Only one was rated methodologically 

sound, with the majority (38) being weak or poor. The interventions addressed in the studies to 

affect the symptoms/activities described included music therapy (most common intervention 

type), skills training, visual barriers, exercise, bright light therapy, pet therapy, sensory 

integration, reality orientation, presence, therapeutic touch, life review, and white-noise therapy. 

The author reported that exercise in the form of a planned walking program, bright-light 

therapy, music therapy, written cues, and simulated presence therapy all produced improvements 

in behavior problems including agitation, aggression, and repetitive vocalizations. Therapeutic 

touch was the only intervention that did not report beneficial results on behavioral outcomes. 

Exercise was also successful in increasing communicative function in demented patients as were 

pet therapy, life-review therapy, and reality-orientation therapy. Music therapy and small-group 

activities reported non-significant trends toward improvements in communicative function. 

Music therapy and skills-training interventions were both successful in increasing self-care 

ability whereas a sensory-integration program did not have a significant effect on this outcome. 

Bright light therapy and music therapy were used in interventions to normalize sleep patterns and 

produced beneficial, clinically significant results, although it is unclear that those results were 

statistically significant. Visual barriers were somewhat effective in reducing episodes of 

wandering among patients with dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease 

patients. 

Opie et al.218 explored the use of psychosocial approaches to behavioral disorders in people 

with dementia. The authors conducted searches using four databases for materials published 

between 1989 and 1998. Forty-three papers were included in the review; one had a strong 

methodological rating, 15 were rated as moderate, and 27 as weak. The following interventions 

were identified for the review: changes to the physical environment; activity programs; exposure 

to music, voice, and language; behavior therapy; massage and aromatherapy; light therapy; 

multidisciplinary teams; and caregiver education. 

Changes to the physical environment were made to reduce wandering in dementia patients. 

The results were mixed; studies that created grids on the floor to disrupt walking patterns were 

not effective, but covering the doorknobs with fabric or painting them the same color as the door 
58

did reduce the number of exits among patients. Placing a mirror in front of the exit door also 

reduced the number of exits. Sensory stimulation through music, videos, conversation, and 

exercise was shown to reduce verbal outbursts and repeated requests for attention. Exercise was 

also successful in reducing wandering, aggressive incidents, and episodes of agitation. Music 

therapy was the topic of ten interventions in this review; all of these studies reported beneficial 

results with respect to distress and agitation in demented patients. Behavior therapy was not a 

common intervention identified in the literature; only two studies were cited and one was a case 

study. However, in both studies behavioral interventions were successful in training patients with 

dementia to change negative behaviors (verbal outbursts, entering other patients’ rooms and 

taking personal items). Light therapy was reported as successful in three out of four interventions 

to reduce agitation and nocturnal disorientation. Massage and aromatherapy have been used with 

mixed results to reduce agitation among demented patients; two of three studies reported 

beneficial effects. 

Finnema and colleagues217 explored the efficacy of emotion-oriented approaches in the care 

for individuals suffering from dementia. The definition of emotion-oriented care provided by the 

authors focused on care aimed at improving emotional and social functioning. The authors 

searched six databases for studies published between 1990 and 1999 and focused on the 

following interventions: validation, sensory integration/stimulation, simulated presence therapy, 

and reminiscence. Six studies focusing on validation were identified; only one was a 

randomized controlled trial and the remaining five were observational studies of various designs. 

The RCT was not completed at the time the systematic review was published. The five 

observational studies reported improvements in behavior and mood using validation. However, 

the study designs had methodological limitations due to small sample sizes and lack of control 

groups. Six studies examined the role of sensory stimulation/integration on demented patients’ 

behavior, mood and cognition. Most of these studies reported beneficial outcomes. However, 

again methodologic flaws in study designs limit our ability to draw conclusions regarding this 

intervention. Simulated presence therapy is a relatively new form of therapy to reduce aggressive 

behavior, agitation, wandering, and repetitive vocalizations in patients with dementia. Four 

studies were reviewed by the authors and reported some beneficial results. Five studies were 

identified that used reminiscence to reduce negative behavioral symptoms. The work in this area 

reported mostly beneficial results with regard to decreasing aggressive and attention-seeking 

behavior as well as disorientation and increasing social interaction. 

Additional Interventional Studies of Behavioral Problems in Dementia 

We identified four intervention studies published between 1996 and 2003 that addressed 

behavioral outcomes for dementia patients that were not otherwise summarized in the systematic 

reviews described above. Out of the five studies that explored dementia, two explored the 

efficacy of specific pharmacologic therapies on behavioral symptoms related to dementia. 

Manfredi et al.243 conducted an intervention study to determine the effect of opioids on agitation 

in demented nursing home residents who were unable to report pain. There was no comparison 

group for this study, and subjects were not randomized to intervention versus placebo. Subjects 

were administered placebo for four weeks, and the intervention consisted of a four-week regimen 

of long-acting opioids. Subjects and nursing home staff were blinded to the medication 

administered. Twenty-five subjects completed the regimen. Of the 25 evaluable subjects who 

were less than 85 years of age, no significant differences in agitation level was reported between 

the placebo and opioid phase. There was a decreased agitation level in 13 of the 25 patients who 
59

were greater than 85 years of age at the end of the opioid phase. This decrease in agitation 

persisted after opioid dose adjustments for sedation. The Jadad score for this study was 0. 

In a randomized, double-blind trial, Sultzer et al.244 explored the relationship between 

behavioral improvement in patients with dementia who were treated on either haloperidol or 

trazodone. Twenty-eight patients in a geropsychiatry unit with dementia and agitation or 

aggressive behaviors were recruited. The intervention consisted of either haloperidol 1 mg or 

trazodone 50 mg. Dose escalation of one capsule was initiated if agitated symptoms worsened. In 

the haloperidol treatment group, improvement in behavioral symptoms was not associated with 

baseline delusional scores or with change in delusional scores over the course of the treatment. In 

the trazodone group, behavior symptom improvement was associated with improving depressive 

symptoms and neurovegetative signs. The investigators concluded that the use of trazadone in 

demented patients with mild depressive symptoms was associated with greater behavioral 

improvement. The Jadad score for this study was 2. 

Two of the five studies exploring dementia focused on improving dementia care in nursing 

homes. Rogers et al.245 examined the effectiveness of a behavioral rehabilitation intervention for 

improving morning care activities of daily living in nursing home residents with dementia. 

Eighty-five residents participated in the study. Interventions consisted of activities in two 

different conditions. Patients in the usual care (condition 1) group received assistance in care by 

nursing home staff who were consistently assigned to care for them. Patients in the condition 2 

group received skill elicitation intervention by a research therapist designed to identify and elicit 

retained ADL skills. The condition 2 group also received habit training intervention to continue 

to reinforce and solidify retained skills. ADLs monitored included dressing, bathing, and 

grooming. The experimental group residents reported an increase in the proportion of time 

engaged in nonassisted and assisted dressing and increased overall participation of ADL. There 

was also a concurrent decrease in disruptive behavior for the residents who received the 

intervention. The Jadad score for this study was 0. 

Rovner et al.246 explored the efficacy of a dementia care program to reduce behavior 

disorders in nursing home residents with dementia. A total of 89 patients were accrued and 

randomized, and 81 subjects completed the trial. The intervention included an activity program 

during the day, psychotropic drug management, and educational grand rounds for staff where 

discussions of individual cases were made. Control treatment included usual nursing home care. 

Forty-two patients were randomized to the experimental group, and 39 to the control group. 

After a six-month follow-up, 12 of the 42 intervention patients exhibited behavioral disorders 

compared with 20 of the 39 control subjects. Control group residents were twice as likely to 

receive antipsychotic medications and to be restrained. There was more voluntary participation 

from the intervention group residents. The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

Observational Studies and Symptoms 

We identified 14 prospective observational cohort studies that addressed one or more of the 

symptoms and the site of care/condition/race characteristics we considered. Of these 14, four 

addressed pain management, two addressed delirium in cancer patients, three addressed 

behavioral problems in dementia patients, and five considered depression in the context of cancer 

of CHF populations. We highlight the findings of some of these studies here. More detail about 

the selected studies can be found in the Observational Evidence Table. 
60

None of the studies identified here or in the previously discussed literature reported results 

separately by race or ethnic groups. Much of the research addressing end-of-life care in different 

racial/ethnic groups has been done in cross-sectional observational studies and thus was not 

considered here. More research is clearly needed about how different interventions affect 

different race/ethnic groups.

In the study by Goodwin et al.,247 the authors compared patients receiving palliative day care 

to those receiving usual palliative care services (i.e., in the hospital or home). The palliative day 

care model did not produce better outcomes than usual care. The authors cite limitations of 

quality of life measures and their current inability to capture all the dimensions of quality of life 

important to an individual as part of the reason that no differences were observed. 

Three studies were selected because they dealt with the treatment of symptoms in a dementia 

population and where the setting was the nursing home. Nursing home use is associated with an 

increased incidence of dementia.248 Two of the studies249, 250 examined the use of pharmaceutical 

interventions (e.g., risperidone for behavioral disturbance in dementia and antibiotics for 

pneumonia) in improving symptoms and quality of life for dementia patients residing in nursing 

homes. These studies demonstrate that such interventions can have an important impact on the 

care of demented residents and that nursing homes can be the site of active intervention and not 

just custodial care for such residents. 

Four studies focused on heart failure and depression.251-254 The exposure in each study was a 

diagnosis of depression; each demonstrated that depression was significantly associated with 

poor prognosis, worsening health status, poor functional status, and an increased utilization of 

health services. These studies indicate the importance of the diagnosis and treatment of 

depression in heart failure to improve a variety of clinical and quality of life outcomes. 
61

D. Key Questions 2 and 3: 

2. What patient, family, and healthcare system factors are 

associated with better or worse outcomes at end of life? 

3. What processes and interventions are associated with 

improved or worsened outcomes? 

Elements associated with family experience, especially caregiving 

Caregiver burden includes the full spectrum of potential concerns that families and other 

informal caregivers face in caring for someone with advanced illness. These concerns include but 

are not limited to mental and physical health, financial well-being including out-of-pocket costs 

and job loss, and interpersonal stresses. We did not generally assess bereavement, which we 

defined as after-death emotional concerns, but we otherwise considered the full impact of illness 

on caregiver well-being. If studies included bereavement as an outcome but also addressed other 

topics that were central to the review, they were included. However, studies on bereavement 

alone were excluded. 

We evaluated six systematic reviews that potentially dealt with the subject of caregiver 

burden, addressed the project questions, and met implicit quality criteria. Three dealt with 

outcomes of caregivers for patients with dementia or other chronic illness; three others dealt with 

cancer patients or life-threatening illnesses. We went beyond the systematic reviews by including 

other interventions to reduce caregiver burdens at the end of life published after these systematic 

reviews or published at any time if not already addressed in a systematic review. In total, we 

reviewed an additional thirteen intervention studies. Finally, we explored the observational 

literature that addressed selected topics. Specifically, we identified prospective, observational 

cohort studies addressing any of our selected symptom topics and that also presented data 

separately by race, selected disease cohorts, or selected sites of care. Seventeen observational 

studies that met these criteria are discussed here. 

The remainder of this section summarizes the systematic reviews, meta-analyses, 

intervention, and observational studies relevant to patient and caregiver burden. Summaries of 

the association of patient, family, and health system factors to caregiver burden and the 

effectiveness of interventions in improving caregiver burden are found at the conclusion of 

Chapter 3. 
62

Table 5. Systematic Review—Caregivers 

Systematic Review Caregiver Outcomes Date Search 

Concluded 

Date 

Published 

Acton & Kang 255 Caregiver burden (dementia patients) 1999 2001 

Acton & Winter 256 Burden, stress, anxiety, coping, life satisfaction, morale, 

perceived physical health, and rate of institutionalization 

(dementia, advanced chronic illness patients) 

2001 2002 

Yin, Zhou, & Bashford257 Caregiver burden (dementia and frail patients) 2000 2002 

Higginson, Finley, et al.74 Pain, other symptoms, quality of life, satisfaction, 

referral to other services, caregiver satisfaction, 

caregiver burden/morbidity, home death rates, health 

service use, costs (progressive, life- threatening illness 

patients) 

1999 2002 

Higginson & Gysels72 Caregiver burden, quality of life, satisfaction, anxiety, 

problem solving/coping skills, pain management, 

activity goals, knowledge, psychosocial status, stress 

management (cancer patients) 

2001 2001 

Wilson258-260 Patient and family satisfaction with care, well-being and 

quality of life, family needs, and EOL outcomes, 

including effects of case management on those 

outcomes 

2003 Unpublished 

Systematic Reviews and Caregiver Burden 

We identified eight systematic reviews and meta-analyses that were relevant to family or 

informal caregiving and met implicit quality criteria (see Table 5). Three dealt with outcomes of 

caregivers for patients with dementia or other chronic illness; five others dealt with cancer 

patients or other life-threatening illnesses. 

Acton & Kang (2001)255 reviewed 46 studies (experimental, quasi-experimental, and one 

group pre-post designs) published between 1982 and 1999. Family caregivers of dementia 

patients were studied; no further details were given on the patients receiving the care. The 

caregivers were not caring for “terminally ill” patients or patients at the end of life. Twenty-four 

studies testing 27 interventions were included in the quantitative analysis (three studies tested 

two different interventions). Interventions included psycho-education (n=10), education (n=5), 

respite care (n=4), counseling (n=4), multi-component interventions (n=3), and support group 

(n=1). A total of 1,254 participants (range: 11 to 180, with a mean of 51 participants per study) 

were included in the meta-analysis (866 =T; 388=C). The outcome assessed was caregiver 

burden. The analysis reported that the interventions had no effect on caregiver burden, and in 

some cases the effect of the intervention was negative or the control group scores improved more 

than those of the treatment group. Only one multi-component intervention and one respite 

intervention significantly reduced caregiver burden. Pooled analyses of treatments that evaluated 

subjective and objective burden separately showed that interventions had no significant 

beneficial effect on either type of burden. 

Acton and Winter,256 in a review that partially overlapped the review conducted by Acton 

and Kang,255 examined 73 published and unpublished research reports (1991 to 2001) and 

included controlled trials and pre-post designs. All types of caregivers of patients with dementia 

and other diseases were included. The studies appeared to span patients with all degrees of 
63

severity; no “end of life” studies are specifically mentioned. Less than 50% of care receivers had 

dementia. A wide range of caregiver interventions designed to lessen the negative impact of 

caregiving or improve the positive aspects of caregiving for caregivers to patients with dementia 

or other diseases were included. Outcomes included burden, stress, anxiety, coping, life 

satisfaction, morale, perceived physical health, and rate of institutionalization. Studies were 

grouped by intervention type (education, support and education, counseling, respite, case 

management, and multi-component) and evaluated for strengths and weaknesses in design, 

sample, intervention, and outcomes. Overall, 32% of the study outcomes were changed in the 

desired direction after intervention. 

Education interventions (23 studies, sample range: 2–95) focused on individualized, homebased programs delivered by nurses one-on-one over time periods ranging from one to eight 

months (resulting in higher intervention intensity than other education intervention strategies). 

About one-third of 90 outcome variables measured were reported to be statistically significant in 

the desired direction (depression, tension, anger, burden, negative affect). Knowledge, coping, 

and life satisfaction were significantly increased in three studies. Caregiver support and 

education intervention studies (14 studies, sample range: 26–53) were primarily delivered as 

individualized education to a caregiver. Only three studies were conducted in a group, 

community-based format and a fourth was a computerized intervention. Three of the 18 nursing 

outcomes were significantly changed in the desired direction (burden, stress, and decision 

confidence) and one study found stress and burden to be significantly increased. Counseling 

interventions, designed to help caregivers understand the behavioral symptoms exhibited by the 

demented care receiver and their own reactions to the behavioral symptoms, were tested in four 

studies (sample range: 5–39). One study reported significant changes in outcomes (increased 

knowledge and morale) after group counseling. Respite care, including eight studies evaluating 

day care and eight studies evaluating inpatient or in-home respite (sample range: 7–264) reported 

that the combination of use and duration varied considerably across studies, making it difficult to 

determine intervention effect. Intensity of interventions ranged from one to five days per week 

and duration ranged from one to four months. Case management (assessment, planning, 

coordination, collaboration, and monitoring by a professional case manager) was evaluated in six 

studies (sample range: 12–4,151). One study reported a significant reduction in stress. Twelve 

multi-component interventions (sample range: 5–86) were reviewed. Both positive and negative 

consequences of caregiving were measured as outcomes; most studies reported mixed results. 

Two studies found the rate of institutionalization significantly reduced. The results of the metaanalysis provide little support for the interventions studied. 

Yin, Zhou, and Bashford (2002)257 examined 26 studies that had comparison groups (singlegroup pre-post test designs were excluded), published between 1985 and 2000. All types of 

caregivers were included. The mean age of the caregivers was 60 years; 79% were women and 

86% were White. An average of 80% of the caregivers lived in the same household as the care 

receivers. About half of the care receivers had dementia (the rest had other types of chronic 

illnesses). The care receiver’s mean age was 79 years old. There was no explicit identification of 

“terminally ill” patients or patients “at the end of life.” 

The 26 studies included 18 addressing group caregiver interventions and 8 addressing 

individual caregiver interventions. The total sample size was 1,970 for the combined 

interventions and 472 for the individual interventions. Caregiver burden was the primary 

outcome in the group intervention studies (although only 10/18 used the same instrument—the 
64

Zarit Burden Inventory). No details on the individual intervention outcomes were provided. 

Studies were evaluated on effect size, study design, type of intervention, duration and frequency 

of intervention, method of assignment, type of instrumentation, time of posttests, and study site, 

characteristics of the study samples, and characteristics of researchers. 

The weighted mean effect size for all studies was .41 (95% CI, 0.32–0.51), indicating a 

moderate beneficial treatment effect of group interventions on caregiver burden. Subgroup 

analysis indicated the mean effect size was larger for individual intervention studies (0.48) than 

for group intervention studies (0.26). The mean effect size of the quasi-experimental studies 

(0.89) was more than three times that of the true-experimental studies (0.26) but generally 

consistent with other research. 

Higginson, Finlay, Goodwin, Cook, Edwards, Hood, Douglas, and Normand74 conducted an 

assessment of five systematic reviews (1977–1999, 43 studies) of palliative care team 

interventions on patients’ pain, other symptoms, quality of life, satisfaction, referral to other 

services, and therapeutic interventions and on caregiver pre-post bereavement burden/morbidity 

and satisfaction with care. Disease severity, amount of family support, training and experience of 

team members in palliative care, whether the team had an occupational or physiotherapist, and 

team links to social services were not described in many of the caregiver-relevant studies and 

were thus excluded from the analysis. However, the general conclusions of each paper assessed 

were similar. Overall, the analysis indicated small beneficial effect of palliative care services on 

patient and caregiver outcomes, with the strongest support for home care services. Similar or 

improved outcomes were found for patient satisfaction, patient pain and symptom control, and 

family anxiety for hospice and palliative care services when compared to conventional care. 

There was a lack of good-quality evidence on which to base conclusions, and there was no 

evidence of an effect on other quality of life measures. 

Gysels and Higginson72 conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of different 

interventions targeted at healthcare professionals, the structure of healthcare delivery, or the care 

delivered to improve supportive and palliative care to cancer patients. In this review, 22 

interventions targeted at improving care for families and informal caregivers (including 

bereavement) were identified. Interventions included home nursing care (four studies), respite 

services (three studies), social networks and activity enhancements (two studies), problem 

solving and education (three studies), and groupwork (ten studies). Nine of the interventions 

were targeted to caregivers only. Limitations of the data included a lack of outcome evaluation 

designs, small sample sizes and a reliance on intervention descriptions and formative 

evaluations. Only two quasi-experimental evaluations were included. Interventions, patient and 

caregiver characteristics, and outcome measures were not well described in the review. The 

evidence in this analysis appears to contribute more to understanding the feasibility and 

acceptability of these interventions than to their effectiveness. 

Caregivers reported high satisfaction with home care services and described them as useful. 

However, the high levels of psychological morbidity and unmet need reported in these samples 

of caregivers using home nursing care in both cancer and palliative care indicated that such 

generic supportive nursing care does not meet all caregiver needs. Caregivers using inpatient and 

home hospice care reported a greater reduction in anxiety and higher satisfaction compared to 

conventional care in one RCT. Another study of home hospice found caregiver quality of life 

remained stable over four weeks. An RCT of a hospital at home for terminally ill patients in the 

last two weeks of life reported no significant difference between the intervention and standard 
65

care and low uptake of the intervention due to caregiver inability to cope. A formative qualitative 

evaluation of a community palliative care service (home care, day care, and respite as a single 

service) reported that caregivers valued the single point of contact, that it felt like a “home away 

from home,” and that it helped them overcome reluctance to access other services. A longitudinal 

RCT of home care nursing on caregiver psychosocial status of caregivers with and without 

physical problems of their own reported an improvement in psychosocial status for those 

caregivers with physical problems and at risk for psychological morbidity. A psycho-education 

program for cancer caregivers reported that perception of burden did not worsen even when 

caregiving tasks increased in intensity. Widely varying respite care services reported high 

satisfaction in caregivers. 

Descriptive data were reported on respite care. One study, using a single group retrospective 

questionnaire (n=190), reported over 90% satisfaction among caregivers (though 33% felt the 

service had been offered too late). Social networks and “activation” programs for relatives of 

cancer patients aimed to promote increased social activity. One controlled trial was reviewed, 

with an age- and sex-matched comparison group (50 intervention and 45 comparison caregivers) 

and reported the intervention caregivers had significantly higher social activities during care 

receiver cancer treatments and significantly more involvement in personal activities preceding 

the death of the patient. One RCT of a one-to-one intervention designed to provide support, 

education, and build problem-solving and coping skills (n=38) reported the intervention effective 

only for a distressed sub-sample of cancer caregivers. This burdened sub-sample of caregivers 

was better at dealing with pressing problems following the intervention (n=11) compared to 

controls (n=18). Another one-to-one intervention on cancer pain education (n=50) reported 

significant improvements on knowledge/attitudes to pain, pain management, and caregiver 

burden. A multidisciplinary group support designed to alleviate caregiver stress from lack of 

knowledge is described, but no data are reported. 

An RCT of group work interventions for patients and caregivers (n=25), designed to provide 

support and information to caregivers, reported that spouses who attended the intervention had 

significantly higher knowledge scores, achieved activity goals, coped better, and were more 

satisfied with care. However, psychosocial adjustment did not differ between the two groups. An 

observational study of group work on quality of life reported no differences in quality of life or 

coping strategies. A descriptive evaluation of a combined patients’ (n=73) and caregivers’ 

(n=54) group support for cancer care reported that the provision of information and education 

promoted understanding and facilitated coping, and the familiarity with the facts and feelings 

involved reinforced participants’ confidence. A retrospective single group evaluation of a 

monthly support group for cancer patients and families reported that 26% of the respondents felt 

more anxious/worried and 29% felt sadder. Another observational study of group support on 

quality of life in cancer patients and their family (n=12) compared to a control (n=12) and an 

ongoing support group (n=8) found no significant differences in quality of life or coping 

strategies. 

The review supports the small body of evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for 

caregivers to cancer patients. Despite caregivers’ recognition of unmet need, they report some 

improved outcomes. However, one study indicated that these interventions could be detrimental 

to caregivers. Based on the analysis, the authors concluded that no single service model appears 

either acceptable or effective for the broad range of caregivers. Home care appears to produce 

high satisfaction. The authors concluded there is little evidence supporting the effectiveness of 
66

respite services, support groups, and one-to-one individual interventions. Groupwork 

interventions reported the most effect but they had low uptake and are acceptable primarily to 

caregivers with specific profiles. The evidence suggests there is a high rate of unmet need in 

caregivers using palliative care services that highlights the limited scope of some of these 

interventions. 

Wilson’s systematic review (in press)259 identified 11 studies and three systematic reviews of 

care/case management on end-of-life care. Of five research articles examining case management 

interventions on patient quality of life, two reported an increase in patient quality of life while 

three other studies reported no significant impact. However, the role of case management in the 

interventions varied significantly; in many cases, the case management function was not as care 

coordinator or problem solver. Three studies assessing the impact of case management on 

caregiver burden reported a beneficial impact on family caregivers. In general, case management 

was reported to be a means of reducing family caregiver burden, although only three studies 

were evaluated. In addition, the quality of the studies reviewed was poor, few RCTs were 

identified, and the exact interventions were inadequately described. 

Additional Interventional Studies and Caregiver Burden 

We identified 13 additional studies assessing interventions and caregiver burden. 

One RCT242 (n=203) reported no effect for nurse coordination for cancer patients in the 

community. Specifically, there were no significant differences in time between last follow-up 

and death, in symptom experience, or in use of pharmacologic treatments. A few significant 

differences arose in caregiver reports of type, severity, and effectiveness of treatment of patients’ 

symptoms in last week of life. The groups did not differ on the hospital anxiety and depression 

scale, social support, and quality of life, ADL assistance needs, unmet needs, financial impact, 

use of social services, and satisfaction w/ care. 

A multi-site RCT147 compared enhanced home-based primary care (HBPC) in 16 VA 

hospitals compared to usual HBPC care. Enhanced care consisted of HBPC services plus 

systematic screening to identify high-risk patients, an emphasis on continuity of care, 24-hour 

telephone access, and the management of patients across organizational boundaries involving 

care management by HBPC physician serving as the primary care provider. Terminal patients in 

the intervention group significantly improved on eight health-related quality of life scales 

(emotional, social, bodily pain, mental health, vitality, general health), with the greatest 

improvement in emotional function. No difference was found in terminal patient satisfaction 

over the study period. Caregivers to terminal patients also reported significant health-related 

quality of life improvements (p<.05 overall) in all but two dimensions (vitality, general health), 

with greatest improvement in emotional function (13-point gain vs. usual care). Caregivers also 

reported significant gains in satisfaction with patient care (p<.001), except for one personal 

satisfaction item. An 8% reduction in hospitalizations and mean number of hospitalizations in 

enhanced HBPC program was reported in the first six months, but this was not sustained at 12 

months. A 22% reduction in utilization was reported in those with the most disability. Patient 

and caregiver benefits were accompanied by a 6.8% increase in total costs of care at six months 

and 12.1% increase at 12 months. The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

One RCT261 evaluated an intervention designed to improve end-of-life decision-making and 

reduce the frequency of a mechanically supported, painful, and prolonged process of dying, 
67

conducted in two phases. Phase I was a two-year prospective observational study with 4,301 

patients, and phase II was a two-year RCT with 4,804 patients and their physicians (randomized 

by specialty group) to usual care or an intervention consisting of prognosis estimates to 

physicians, specially training nurses to improve communication and decision-making among 

seriously ill hospitalized patients, families, and healthcare teams. Phase I documented 

shortcomings in communication, frequency of aggressive treatment, and the characteristics of 

hospital death. Only 47% of physicians knew when their patients preferred to avoid 

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); 46% of DNR orders were written within two days of 

death; 38% of patients who died spent at least ten days in an intensive care unit (ICU); and, for 

50% of conscious patients who died in the hospital, family members reported moderate to severe 

pain at least half the time. In the RCT, patients experienced no improvement in patient-physician 

communication (e.g., 37% of control and 40% of intervention patients discussed CPR 

preferences) or in five targeted outcomes, i.e., incidence of timing of written DNR orders 

(adjusted ratio, 1.02, 95% CI, 0.90 –1.15), physicians’ knowledge of their patients’ preferences 

not to be resuscitated (AR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.99–1.49), number of days spent in an ICU, receiving 

mechanical ventilation, or comatose before death (AR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87–1.07), or level of 

reported pain (AR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.33). The intervention also did not reduce use of 

hospital resources (AR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.87–1.07). The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

An evaluation of a hospital-at-home intervention83 (n=198, 86% of 229 referred patients and 

144 caregivers, 73% of 198 referred caregivers) on patient’s quality of care, likelihood of 

remaining at home in their final two weeks of life, and general practitioner (GP) visits. The study 

reported no conclusive evidence that the hospital-at-home service for terminally ill patients 

increased the likelihood of remaining at home during the final two weeks of life. However, the 

service was associated with fewer GP out-of-hours visits. All respondent groups (GP, nurses, 

caregivers) rated the intervention favorably when compared to standard care but emphasized 

different aspects. Nurses rated services as better than standard care in terms of adequacy of night 

care and support for the caregiver; GPs positively rated the service in terms of the reduction of 

anxiety and depression in patients; and caregivers rated the service positively in terms of control 

of patient symptoms (pain and nausea). Overall, the authors concluded the service provided 

better quality of care. The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

A cluster randomized trial of palliative care services for unspecified terminally ill patients 

and their caregivers84 (discussed in satisfaction) measured the place of death and satisfaction 

with care. This same trial reported impacts of the palliative care intervention on caregiver quality 

of life262 using a larger sample (517 caregivers) and reported similar results. Five of eight 

subscales of health-related quality of life scores declined between baseline and final follow-up 

(one to two months after patient’s death). As expected, HRQOL returned to baseline by the end 

of the study. The intervention ameliorated declines in role limitation due to emotional problems 

and mental health, but scores for the other three subscales showed smaller and almost linear 

decline. There were extremely low response rates in both groups, which undermines the findings 

in this study. The Jadad score for this study was 3. 

The Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health (REACH) project,263-268 a sixyear multi-site research program funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the 

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), focused on testing the most promising home and 

community-based interventions for maintaining and improving the health and quality of life of 

caregivers if dementia patients. Fifteen well-defined interventions (nine active and six control 
68

group conditions) were implemented (Birmingham, Boston, Memphis, Miami, Palo Alto, and 

Philadelphia) and assessed common outcome measures. The interventions consisted of 

psychosocial and psycho-educational services, behavioral interventions, environmental 

modifications, and technology interventions. Three of the sites included a minimal support 

telephone contact control group and three sites included usual care control conditions. The study 

population (n=1,222) included African American, Cuban American, Mexican-American, and 

White American family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related 

disorders (ADRD). A common set of measures was collected at all sites at baseline, 6 months, 12 

months, and 18 months following random assignment to an intervention condition. Outcome 

measures included caregiver mental health or well-being and depression; social support; 

caregiver burden; religiosity; service utilization; caregiver and care recipient physical health and 

medication usage; and care recipient behavior and cognition. 

The pooled effects of 15 site specific REACH interventions (nine active and six control 

group conditions) on caregiver burden and depressive symptoms following six months 

intervention and initial analysis of overall treatment effects by categories of caregiver race/ethnic 

identity, gender, educational level, and relationship to care recipient using an intent-to-treat 

model were reported.263 Three sites (Birmingham, Boston, Philadelphia) tested a single active 

intervention (skills-training, telephone-linked computer [TLC], environmental skill building 

program [ESP]). Three sites implemented two active interventions: Memphis (behavior and 

enhanced care), Miami (family-based structural multi-system in home intervention [FSMII] and 

FSMII combined with computer telephone integration system (CTIS), and Palo Alto (coping 

with caregiving class and enhanced support group). Two sites used modified usual care control 

groups (Boston and Philadelphia) in which caregivers received information packets only. One 

site (Memphis) provided information and referral and three other sites (Birmingham, Miami, and 

Palo Alto) utilized a minimal support control (MSC; information and empathetic listening). 

Using meta-analysis, the pooled treatment effect for burden was statistically significant 

(p=.022), although the difference was small. Overall, caregivers in the active interventions across 

the REACH sites showed lower values in burden associated with patient behavior problems than 

controls. No intervention showed a statistically significant effect for caregiver burden, although 

all scores did improve for active interventions. In contrast to burden, the pooled treatment effect 

for CES-D was not statistically significant (p=.095). Only one site (Miami) reported a significant 

reduction in depressive symptoms (p=.034) in the combined family therapy plus technology 

treatment condition compared to controls. The family-therapy intervention did not have a 

significant effect on depressive symptoms by itself. Overall, the REACH interventions produced 

only a modest treatment effect, but this is consistent with results of other recent meta-analyses. 

The magnitude of the effect sizes for the combined active REACH interventions on caregiver 

burden (0.15 standard deviation units) and Miami’s FSMII +CTIS intervention on depressive 

symptoms (0.23 standard deviation units) fall within the range of effect sizes reported by others 

(Sorenson, et al., 2002).269 The magnitude of change on burden for the REACH combined active 

intervention groups compared to control conditions was 10% (score range=0–96). This change is 

equivalent to the decrease or elimination of two very bothersome behaviors, such as repetitive 

vocalization or waking at night. The relatively small overall effects of REACH may be a result 

of the complex pattern of significant outcomes observed for various subgroups. Across sites, 

women and those with high school or less education who were in active interventions reported 

reduced burden compare to controls. In contrast, men and those with higher education levels did 

not show significant benefit from the interventions. Caregivers in active interventions who were 
69

Hispanic, those who were non-spouses, and those who had less education reported lower sixmonth depression scores than controls. These findings suggest that the combined interventions 

had an effect for those caregivers in most need of support. 

The Miami REACH project264 investigated the efficacy of Structural Ecosystem Therapy 

(SET), based on the Brief Family Therapy intervention for treating behavior problems in 

dementia patients and SET+CTIS, a system designed to augment SET by facilitating linkages of 

the caregivers with their family and with supportive resources outside the home. The sample 

included 225 family caregivers (114 Cuban-American and 111 White American) of patients with 

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Overall, there were significant differences 

by caregiver type, intervention, and ethnicity on depressive symptoms. Caregivers in the 

combined family therapy and technology intervention (SET+CTIS) experienced a significant 

reduction (five or more points for Cuban-American and White non-Hispanic daughters and 

Cuban-American husbands) in depressive symptoms at 6 months and at 18 months compared to 

all other intervention groups. Husband caregivers had lower CES-D scores than wife or daughter 

caregivers in all intervention groups, and Cuban-American caregivers (husbands and daughters) 

experienced the most benefit from the interventions, particularly the SET+CTIS. 

The Memphis REACH265 project compared two structured, parallel interventions, Behavior 

Care (BC) and Enhanced Care (EC) in a 24-month clinical trial. Behavior Care interventions 

focused only on improving the caregiver’s management of the care recipient’s behavioral 

problems using 25 pamphlets addressing particular behaviors. Enhanced Care interventions 

focused on these same behavior problems but also on improving the caregiver’s own well-being 

in response to the behavior problems through 12 additional pamphlets geared to caregiver wellbeing. Both models were delivered by a master’s prepared health educator in an office setting. 

One-hundred sixty seven caregiver-patient dyads were randomized into BC (n=85) and EC 

(n=82). At two months, 7 of the original 17 active caregiver-patient dyads remained for analysis. 

Difference in completers vs. noncompleters was based on length of caregiving (shorter length of 

caregiving more likely to complete). Of final caregiver-patient dyads (n=167), 66 were Black 

American, 99 were White-Caucasian, and 2 were other race. Caregivers were predominantly 

women and tended to be spouses or daughters. Results showed that caregivers receiving only BC 

had significantly worse outcomes for general well-being and a trend toward depression compared 

to caregivers receiving EC. There was an overall improvement in both groups for bother 

associated with care recipient behaviors. No racial/ethnic differences were reported. 

The Birmingham REACH project266 implemented a multi-component interventions intended 

to address the common needs of White and African-American family caregivers while remaining 

responsive to cultural issues. One hundred forty caregiver-patient dyads (White=70 and African 

American=70) were randomly assigned to either a skills training condition (ST) or a minimal 

support (MS) control condition. One hundred eighteen dyads completed the six-month 

assessment (White=70; African American=48). Significant differences between White and 

African American caregivers included: White caregivers more likely to be spouses and African 

American caregivers more likely to be non-spouses. White caregivers were significantly older 

and reported higher household occupational status than African American caregivers. African 

American care receivers had lower educational attainment and demonstrated greater cognitive 

impairment than White care receivers. Results demonstrated that both interventions were well 

received by caregivers. Caregivers in both groups and both races reported decreasing levels of 

problem behaviors and appraisals of behavioral bother, and increased satisfaction with leisure 
70

activities over time. On one measure of appraisal of distress related to behavior problems, White 

caregivers showed more improvement in the minimal support control condition, and African 

American caregivers showed the greatest improvements in the skills training condition. No 

significant effects were found for race, treatment group, their interaction, or time for depression 

or anxiety. A significant treatment by race by relationship interaction was found with the largest 

decreases in the number of problem behaviors found for White spouse in the MS condition and 

for African American spouses in the ST condition. 

The Philadelphia REACH267 project examined the six-month effects of an Environmental 

Skill-Building program (ESB), as well as race, relationship, and gender on caregiver well-being 

and care recipient functioning. One hundred and ninety family caregivers of community-residing 

dementia patients completed the six-month follow-up. Caregivers were randomized to a usual 

care control group (UC) or intervention group (IG) that received five home contacts and one 

telephone contact by occupational therapists, who provided education, problem-solving training, 

and adaptive equipment. Baseline and six-month follow-up included self-report measures of 

caregiver objective and subjective burden, caregiver well-being, and care recipient problem 

behaviors and physical function. Compared with controls (n=101), intervention caregivers 

(n=89) reported less upset with memory-related behaviors, less need for assistance from others, 

and better affect. Intervention spouses reported less upset with disruptive behaviors; men 

reported spending less time in daily oversight; and women reported less need for help from 

others, better affect, and enhanced management ability, overall well-being, and mastery relative 

to controls. Statistically significant treatment differences were not found for hours helping with 

ADLs and IADLs, perceived change in somatic symptoms, White versus non-white caregivers, 

or care recipient outcomes. 

The Boston REACH project268 examined the 12-month effects of a computer-mediated 

automated interactive voice response (IVR) intervention designed to assist family caregivers 

managing persons with disruptive behaviors related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). One hundred 

caregivers were randomized into treatment (n=49) and control conditions (n=51). The 

intervention provided caregiver stress monitoring and counseling information, personal voicemail linkage to AD experts, a voice-mail telephone support group, and a distraction call for care 

recipients. Measures of the caregiver’s appraisal of the bothersome nature of caregiving, anxiety, 

depression, and mastery were repeated at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Results showed a 

significant intervention effects for participants with lower mastery at baseline on all three 

outcomes: bother (p=04), anxiety (p=01), and depression (p=.007). Wives exhibited a significant 

intervention effect in the reduction of bothersome nature of caregiving (p=.02). Wives and those 

with low mastery and high anxiety benefited most from the automated telecare intervention. 

Observational Studies and Caregiver Burden 

A number of prospective cohort and observational studies examined the impacts of 

caregiving on family caregivers. Two of these were discussed previously (see Satisfaction).27, 99

Seven studies evaluated the overall impacts of caregiving upon terminally ill patients. Covinsky, 

Goldman, Cook et al.,270 in a prospective cohort study (n=2,129) of outcomes, preferences, and 

decision-making in seriously ill hospitalized patients found that one-third (34%) of patients 

required considerable caregiving assistance from a family member. In 20% of cases, a family 

member had to quit work or make another major life change to provide care for the patient. Even 

though almost all patients had health insurance, loss of most or all of the family savings was 
71

reported by 31% of families, whereas 29% reported the loss of the major source of income. 

Patient factors independently associated with loss of the family’s savings included poor 

functional status (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.10–1.78), lower family income (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.37–

2.21 for those with annual incomes below $25,000 and young age (OR, 2.85; 95% CI 2.13– 3.82 

for those younger than 45 years of age compared to those 65 or older). Families of younger, 

poorer, and more functionally dependent patients are the most likely to report loss of most or all 

of the family’s savings to a serious or fatal illness. 

Emanuel, Fairclough et al.271 conducted a survey of 988 terminally patients and their 

caregivers in six randomly selected areas of the United States to determine how their needs for 

assistance were met and the frequency with which they received such assistance from family 

members and paid or volunteer caregivers. Of the 988 terminally ill patients, 59% were over the 

age of 65 years and 51.5% were women. The most frequent terminal illness was cancer (52%), 

followed by heart disease (18%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (11%). Four percent 

of the sample were in an institution (nursing home, hospital, or residential hospice), the rest were 

living in the community. Seventy-two percent of caregivers were women and 96% of caregivers 

were family members. A need for assistance was reported by 87% of the patients, including help 

with transportation (reported by 62%), homemaking services (55%), nursing care (29%), and 

personal care (26%). Most patients relied completely on family members and friends for 

assistance. Only 15.5% of patients relied totally on paid assistance for more than half of the care 

they needed. Volunteers (unpaid helpers who were not family members) provided less than 3% 

of all care. In addition to medical care, dying patients often need many types of assistance. 

Family members, primarily women, provided the majority of assistance with non-medical care. 

In a subsequent analysis of this data, Emanuel, Fairclough et al.50 found that 35% of the 

sample had substantial care needs and that those with substantial care needs were more likely to 

report that they had a subjective sense of economic burden (44.9% vs. 35.3%; difference 9.6 

percentage points [95% CI, 3.1–16.1]; p=0.005). In addition, 10% of these families household 

income was spent on health care (28% vs. 17%; difference, 11 percentage points [CI 4.8–17.1]; 

p<0.001) and they or their families had to take out a loan or mortgage, spend their savings, or 

obtain an additional job (16.3% vs. 10.2%; difference, 6.1 percentage points [CI 1.4–10.6]; 

p=0.004). Patients with substantial care needs were more likely to consider euthanasia or 

physician-assisted suicide (p=0.001). Caregivers of these patients were more likely to have 

depressive symptoms (p=0.01) and to report that caring for the patients interfered with their lives 

(p=0.001). Caregivers of patients whose physicians listened to patients’ and caregivers’ needs 

had fewer burdens. This study demonstrated that substantial care needs are an important cause of 

the economic and other burdens imposed by terminal illness. 

Brazil, Bedard, Willison, and Hode272 examined the effects of palliative caregiving in the 

home for 151 family caregivers to terminally ill cancer patients. The majority of respondents 

were the female spouses (79%) of the patient. The numbers of caregivers providing assistance in 

specific functional activities were bathing (88%); mobility 81%); dressing and undressing (76%); 

toileting (67%); and assistance at night (64%). Forty-one percent of caregivers reported that they 

had been providing some form of care for over one year. Caregivers reported that physical 

demands in caregiving increased substantially during the last three months of the care recipient’s 

life. As family caregivers provided more assistance in ADLs, they were at greater risk of 

reporting high caregiver burden. 
72

Hodgson, Higginson, McDonnell and Butters273 prospectively collected patient and family 

well-being data on all patients referred for care over a six-month period in six home care services 

in Ireland. Five hundred and eight patients died while in care; 75% of these patients died at 

home. At referral, 32% of families had severe or overwhelming anxiety. During the last week of 

care, anxiety remained severe for 26% of care givers. Patient and family well-being were interrelated and there were significant interactions between family anxiety and patient physical and 

psychological symptoms and communication. Family anxiety at referral strongly predicts family 

anxiety at last week of life. Excluding family anxiety at referral, other predictors for family 

anxiety were patient symptom control, sex of patient, diagnosis, and patient age. These data 

suggest that while severe anxiety is not inevitable for all family members caring for a terminally 

ill patient, patient characteristics play a role in predicting family anxiety. Family anxiety is 

associated with patient age, sex, diagnosis and physical symptoms. 

Outcomes at Transitions (Placement or Death) 

Eight studies reviewed investigated the impact of two critical transitions faced by many 

caregivers (nursing home placement or the death of the care recipient) on caregivers. Some of 

these studies overlap with the topic of bereavement, which we did not explicitly address. We 

include only those studies that were also relevant to understanding other caregiver burdens. One 

overall impact of these was highlighted previously (under Satisfaction).114 Collins et al.274

prospectively examined changes in depression among family caregivers to dementia patients at 

three “transition” periods: nursing home placement, bereavement, and continuing residential care 

over three time periods (pre-event, and two post-event points). A convenience sample of family 

caregivers (n=142) was included in the analysis focusing on depression (n=46 residential 

caregivers, 49 institutional caregivers, and 47 bereaved caregivers). The mean depression levels 

for the total sample declined slightly over the three measurement periods but did not reach 

statistical significance. Depression appeared to decline among male caregivers and for bereaved 

caregivers over time but this change was not statistically significant. A more complex 

relationship occurred between gender and transition groups. Female residential and female 

institutional caregivers had higher combined levels of depression over time than female bereaved 

caregivers. In contrast, male residential and institutional caregivers had lower depression than 

bereaved male caregivers. Finally, male institutional or residential caregivers had significantly 

lower depression than their female counterparts. Thus, gender has an influence on mental health 

outcomes for caregivers who continue to provide care as well as those experiencing 

bereavement. 

Grant, Adler et al.275 prospectively examined the extent to which the chronic stress of AD 

patient caregiving was alleviated by placement or death of the patient in 119 caregivers and 48 

non-caregiving comparisons. Three assessments on caregiver mood, blood pressure, and 

symptoms were conducted at six-month intervals among caregivers who cared for the dementia 

patient at home for all three observations (n=38), who placed the patient at follow-up (n=28), 

whose spouse were placed and subsequently died (n=27), those whose spouses died at home 

(n=26), and 48 non-caregiving spouses. Caregivers who placed the care recipient in a nursing 

home or whose care recipient died showed significant improvement in depressive and physical 

symptoms at 6 and 12 months after the transition (placement or death) compared to caregivers 

who continued to provide care and the non-caregiving comparison group, both of whom had 

relatively stable depression scores over time. Caregivers who placed the patient at the later time 

reported fewer serious symptoms over time compared to no change in the other groups. 
73

However, both placement and death of patient were associated with higher blood pressure during 

transitions, and this continued up to 12 months after the transition. These data suggest that both 

placement and death of the demented relative can have beneficial effects on the mood and 

serious symptoms of the caregiver but that this effect can take 12 months to become evident. The 

blood pressure data suggest that a lengthy period of physiological readjustment may be necessary 

after placement or death of the AD spouse. 

Hays, Kasl, & Jacobs276 prospectively examined depression, anxiety, and distress in 1,112 

caregivers with seriously ill spouses who survived or died over a two-year period. For analysis, 

the sample was divided into five groups, depending on whether the subject’s spouse had been 

hospitalized for a critical illness or elective surgery, whether the outcome of the illness was 

death, and when the death occurred. Depressive symptoms and feelings of helplessness/ 

hopelessness were higher in caregivers whose spouse was hospitalized for critical illness, 

regardless of the outcome. In addition, distress related to the incidence of bereavement was 

significantly higher than that of the control group and endured for at least six months after the 

spouse’s death. Anxiety levels did not change in response to either transition (hospitalization 

and/or death). Depressive symptoms and general anxiety were higher among widows and wives 

at the time of hospitalization compared to males while gender differences disappeared at two and 

six months for all bereaved caregivers, regardless of gender. Middle-age subjects reported more 

hopelessness/helplessness at baseline and six months compared to elderly subjects. 

Schulz, Mendelsohn, Haley et al.277 prospectively examined the type and intensity of care 

provided by 217 family caregivers to persons with dementia during the year before the patient’s 

death and assessed the caregiver’ responses to the death. Overall, caregivers exhibited high 

levels of depressive symptoms while providing care to the relative with dementia (mean CES-D 

score: 15.8+ 11.7; median, 13). Forty-three percent of caregivers had scores above 15. At the 

death of the relative, depressive symptom scores spiked to 22. However, within three months of 

the death of the relative, caregivers had clinically significant declines in the level of depressive 

symptoms, declining to a level similar to pre-bereavement levels (mean, 16.2+12.3; median, 14). 

Within one year the levels of symptoms were substantially lower than at baseline (mean 

11.5+9.4; median, 9) (p=0.03). Caregivers who cared for and then placed their relative in a 

nursing home had mean scores for depression of 17.1+11.9 (median, 15) before placement and 

mean depression scores of 18.1+13.0 (median, 15) after placement. One year after placement, 

depression scores remained high and were significantly higher among caregivers of patients who 

had been institutionalized than among those caregivers of patients who had died (mean, 16.2 vs. 

11.5; median, 14 vs. 9; p=0.02). Use of antidepressant medication and anxiolytic drugs increased 

after the death of the relative (16.6% and 19.4% before the death, 21% and 18% after the death). 

While the death of a close relative is generally viewed as a powerful source of psychological 

stress, the caregivers in this study showed remarkable resilience in adapting to the death of their 

relatives. 

Volicer, Hurley, and Blasi278 conducted a survey of a nationwide sample of 156 family 

caregivers of demented individuals who had died during the preceding year. Twenty-two percent 

of patients died at home. The results indicated that end-of-life experiences of individuals with 

dementia differ according to setting of care. Patients cared for at home and receiving hospice 

care during the last 90 days had fewer symptoms vs. other groups and fewer signs of physical 

distress during the dying process. Hospice use did not affect caregiver burden but these patients 

stayed at home 23 days longer and were twice as likely to die at home than in an institution. 
74

Caregivers of patients dying at home had increased time dependence burden but other burden 

scores were similar among all groups. Caregivers with patients dying both at home and in an 

institution were less satisfied with care than those cared for in only one setting. No effect on 

burden was found for use of formal or informal assistance. Psychiatric symptoms in the patient 

increased caregiver burden and were the most common cause of institutionalization. Receipt of 

psychiatric care was associated with longer stay at home. Presence of advance directive 

decreased hospital stays and increased the likelihood of dying in a nursing home. These results 

indicate that quality end-of-life dementia care can be provided at home by family, with hospice 

and psychiatric care. 

Martikainen and Valdonen279 prospectively examined the effects of the death of a spouse on 

caregiver mortality using census and death certificate data on all Finns who died between 1986 

and 1991. Five thousand five hundred deaths of widowed individuals were examined to 

determine if income and education mitigated the negative effects of spousal death. The results 

indicated that both men and women experience excess mortality after the death of a spouse and 

that the relative excess mortality among the bereaved is broadly similar in all education and 

income subgroups analyzed. The absolute mortality difference between widowed and married 

persons, however, tends to be larger among less educated and, especially, low-income persons. 

Markowitz, Gutterman, Sadik, and Papadopoulos280 investigated the relationship of 

caregivers’ health-related quality of life to the burden of caring for patients with Alzheimer 

disease and resource utilization in a sample of 2,477 dementia caregivers. Compared with a 

normative, age-adjusted sample, the dementia caregivers had lower mental and physical scores 

(for the latter, only those 54 years of age or older). Increased caregiver mental functioning was 

associated with caregiver support and perceived quality of patient care, fewer hours of 

caregiving, and fewer patient behavioral symptoms. 

Caregiving for Non-Cancer, Non-Alzheimer’s Disease 

There has been little research done on palliative caregiving and non-cancer deaths, other than 

in patients and families with dementia. Two studies reviewed examined the needs of terminally 

ill non-cancer patients and their caregivers. McCarthy, Addington-Hall, and Ley281 examined the 

needs, services, and outcomes of care for 600 non-cancer deaths (heart disease) from the 

Regional Study of Care of the Dying, a population-based investigation of dying people based on 

reports of their main informal caregivers after the death. Just under half (47%) of caregivers felt 

they had not been able to get all the information regarding the deceased’s illness that they had 

wanted or when they had wanted it. Thirty-seven percent of caregivers said they had known the 

deceased was likely to die and 26% said they had “half-known,” whereas 26% of deceased 

patients were reported to have known and 25% were reported to have “probably” known that 

they were likely to die. Of those deceased patients who were reported to have known or probably 

known they were likely to die, most were reported to have had to work this out for themselves: 

only 8% were said to have been told by a GP or hospital doctor. Moreover, only 44% of 

caregivers were told of the terminal prognosis. Half of the patients (54%) died in hospitals, 30% 

at home, and 4% in other places. Patients under age 75 were less likely to die in an institution 

and more likely to die at home than patients 75 or older. Women aged 75 or older more 

frequently died in residential or nursing homes than males. One-quarter of the deceased were 

reported to have expressed a wish to die sooner; more women than men were said to have 

expressed such a wish (30% vs. 17%, p<0.01). Moreover, decedents who were aged 75 or older 

were 2.6 times more likely to have expressed a wish to die sooner; those with four or more 
75

symptoms perceived as “very distressing” were 2.3 times more likely; and those who had a poor 

quality of life wee 1.9 times more likely to expressed such a wish. These results indicate that 

healthcare providers rarely discussed prognosis with heart disease patients, even though the fiveyear survival rate of chronic heart disease is about 50%, comparable with many types of cancer. 

Better palliative care, with concern for symptom control and psychological care should be 

available to all dying patients. Open communication about death and dying is needed to allow for 

a patient-centered end of life. 

Evangelista, Dracup, Doering et al.282 surveyed 103 heart failure patient/caregiver dyads to 

investigate whether caregiver characteristics were related to the emotional well-being of heart 

failure patients. Overall, patients had significantly lower (poorer) emotional well-being scores 

than caregivers (p<.001). However, both gender and age influenced well-being. Female patients 

and caregivers had lower emotional well-being compared to males; however, the difference was 

only statistically significant for patients (p=<.018). Male and younger patients had higher (better) 

scores than female and older patients (p<.05). Patients’ age, gender, and caregivers’ emotional 

well-being accounted for 54% of the variance in patients’ emotional well-being. These findings 

suggest that caregiver emotional well-being is associated with the well-being of the heart failure 

patient. A focus on supporting caregivers and providing them with methods to support their 

loved ones would be beneficial to patients. 
76

E. Key Question 2 and 3. 

2. What patient, family, and healthcare system factors are 

associated with better or worse outcomes at end of life? 

3. What processes and interventions are associated with 

improved or worsened outcomes? 

Elements associated with healthcare system performance, especially 

continuity of services 

Introduction 

We used a multidisciplinary systematic review of the overall literature on continuity of care 

as a conceptual framework for our review.283 Based on a systematic review of the literature 

through 2001 and feedback from an expert workshop, these investigators defined continuity as 

“the degree to which a series of discrete healthcare events is experienced as coherent and 

connected and consistent with the patient’s medical needs and personal context.” This review, 

and a second systematic review particularly interested in the concept of measurement,283,30

identified several key elements of continuity across disciplines: informational, management, and 

relational. Although we make distinctions between these aspects of continuity in an effort to 

bring some clarity to the literature in our discussion, in practice, interventions and their measures 

overlap these boundaries to varying degrees. 

We evaluated nine systematic reviews that potentially dealt with the subject of continuity. All 

nine addressed the project questions and met implicit quality criteria. We went beyond the 

systematic reviews by including other interventions to improve continuity at the end of life 

published after these systematic reviews or published at any time if not already addressed in a 

systematic review. In total, we reviewed an additional 20 intervention studies. Because reviews 

and interventions related to heart failure were distinctive, we discuss them after more general 

interventions targeting continuity. 

The remainder of this section summarizes the systematic reviews, meta-analyses, 

intervention, and observational studies relevant to continuity of care. With regard to 

observational literature, we identified prospective, observational cohort studies addressing 

continuity and that also presented data separately by race, selected disease cohorts, or selected 

sites of care. Because there were so few studies that met the design criteria, we also identified 

several other of the largest studies that addressed important aspects of those questions. Nineteen 

observational studies met these criteria. All observational studies are discussed at the conclusion 

of this section. We first summarize information related to continuity in general, and then a series 

of reviews and studies of patients with congestive heart failure. Summaries of the association of 

patient, family, and health system factors to continuity and the effectiveness of interventions in 

improving continuity are found at the conclusion of Chapter 3. 
77

Systematic Reviews 

We found seven systematic reviews (Table 6). These systematic reviews are briefly 

summarized in Tables 6 and 7 and discussed in the text in more detail. Two of the reviews72, 74

and a published paper (by the same authors) graded and summarized other systematic reviews.284 

Table 6. Systematic Reviews for Continuity/Coordination 

Study Issues Addressed Date Search 

Concluded 

Date of 

Publication 

Gysels, 200472 Continuity/coordination 

Palliative care 

March 2003 Unpublished 

Smeenk, 1998 285 Home care programs for 

patients with cancer 

1997 1998 

Higginson, 200174 Home death rate as 

outcome 

1999 2001 

Higginson, 2003214 Palliative care 2000 2003 

Teno, 2004 30 Measurement of continuity 2000 2000 (web) 

Wilson (Health Canada)259, 286 Continuity, case 

management 

October 2003 Unpublished 

Gysels et al.,72 the review that explicitly addressed the issue of coordination, identified 11 

relevant individual trials. Ten experimented with organizational changes in the usual available 

care. Many of these studies address palliative and home care interventions and are also addressed 

in systematic reviews on these topics. Not all studies in Gysels et al.72 or Wilson (Health 

Canada)259 were relevant to the end of life, so relevant interventions have been extracted and 

non-cancer or more recent interventions have been added. 

With regard to improving continuity, we identified an extensive systematic review of the 

literature on improving supportive and palliative care for adults with cancer.72 It found that 

specific interventions, such as structured symptom assessment, needs assessments, improved 

medical record documentation and sharing, coordination of services, information or education, 

support, and preparing patients for physician visits, may all improve utilization or various 

patient-centered outcomes or utilization. Multi-component interventions including these and 

other elements, such as home care, care protocols, nurse availability, team care, and involvement 

in discharge planning, often as a part of a palliative care intervention, have also shown some 

evidence of effectiveness. However, a meta-analysis found that benefits of palliative care 

interventions, although affecting several domains, appear to be relatively small. Multicomponent interventions are often not targeted toward particular outcomes but attempt to address 

multiple domains, and are also often ill defined. Nevertheless, these studies provided some 

evidence for reduced hospitalizations from these interventions. The review recommended that 

further intervention research describe theoretical models, attempt to separate out effects of 

different components, and evaluate the processes of care in order to better understand how 

interventions affect outcomes. 

Palliative care, home care, and hospice interventions include continuity as an integral 

component. These interventions vary greatly in the composition of the team and nature of the 
78

intervention (e.g., consultation vs. direct care). Some of the systematic reviews assessed 

communication interventions, support of chemotherapy, and primary care. A meta-regression74

reported that palliative care had small benefits in many areas but did not show benefits for home 

death. Results were consistent by the type of service. Less evidence is available for hospital at 

home. 

Table 7. Summary of Results from Systematic Reviews Relevant to Continuity 

Comparison Results 

Record continuity (patient-held records) 3 studies (including 2 RCTs) evaluated this type of 

intervention. 1 RCT was extremely small (only 21 

patients completed). No clear benefits except for 

patient-reported use.72

Management continuity 

 Use of protocols/pathways/guidelines Only 2 studies (both observational and without 

control groups) evaluated those relevant to the 

terminally ill.72

 Nurse coordinator/case manager 11 studies identified (although end-of-life relevance 

of many is unclear) (4 RCTs). Results of studies 

were conflicting, but studies were very 

heterogeneous.259

Also see CHF section below for disease-specific 

reviews and interventions on this issue. 

Relational continuity All showed small benefits in a number of outcomes, 

but not home death. 

 Home palliative care 22 studies72,74

 Hospital-based palliative care 9 studies72,74

 Integrated inpatient hospice/home care and 

hospital advisory 

6 studies72,74

A systematic review of case management at the end of life259 used the Case Management 

Society of America’s definition of case management, “a collaborative process which assesses, 

plans, implements, coordinates, monitors, and evaluates options and services to meet an 

individual’s health needs through communication and available resources to promote quality, 

cost-effective outcomes.” Eleven research articles were selected for review out of “over 200” 

identified, although it is unclear how they defined relevance. The applicability of this descriptive 

review to this report is unclear because studies of different quality were mixed together, many of 

the included studies do not seem relevant to the end of life (for example, patients with early 

Alzheimer’s dementia or discharges from a general medical service), and few articles overlapped 

with our review. In the potential patient-related domains identified with the review, they found 

conflicting results for well-being and quality of life, patient satisfaction, hospital utilization, 

home death, and cost-effectiveness. Impact on family caregiver burden was promising but still 

had limited impact. In general, although they found anecdotal accounts of end-of-life case 

management, few research articles compared case management to other delivery models, and 

end-of-life populations or issues were often not included. 

A systematic review using only the word “continuity” with end-of-life terms found 13 

relevant research articles, 6 monographs, 14 non-research articles, and 2 primary websites.286
79

The review was very limited because of the single search term, and articles were almost all 

observational and quite heterogeneous.

Additional Interventional Studies and Continuity 

Information/record continuity 

The SUPPORT intervention287, 288 and other studies that focused mainly on advance care 

planning are fully described in that section. Latimer et al.229 randomized 61 patients to a patient 

care traveling record, and did report a marginally significant improvement in pain control 

(described in the Pain section above). An RCT giving patients audiotaped recordings of their 

multidisciplinary oncology consultations reported only higher “usefulness” of the clinic 

(described in detail under the Satisfaction section above).90

Management continuity 

We identified two studies examining the effects of ethics consultations in the ICU.91, 289 The 

second study was a multi-site trial based on the earlier study in a single institution. Although the 

interventions were not standardized across institutions, in general, ethics consultations involved 

coordinating care by interviewing “those involved in the patient’s care who bore on the issues 

under consideration.” Issues were framed in easily understood ethical terms with the involved 

parties; consultations and recommendations were documented in the medical record; and ethics 

consultants provided ongoing follow-up. These studies reported that, only in the subgroup of 

patients who did not survive to discharge from the hospital, patients receiving the intervention 

had fewer hospital and ICU days and days receiving ventilation than patients in the control 

group. Further details of these studies are described in the Satisfaction section. 

Another study in the ICU reported that patients cared for by an attending physician who 

focused on continuity of care had lower lengths of stay than other patients in the ICU.290 This 

single site quality improvement report involved two ICU clinical nurse specialists and an ICU 

physician who adhered to a structured communication with the family and the nurse specialists 

who also provided psychosocial support to families. The Jadad score for this study was 0. 

A multi-site RCT of team-managed home-based primary care in the VA147 focused on 

continuity and reported results separately for terminally ill patients. The study reported 

improvements in multiple domains and is described in detail in the Satisfaction section. Another 

RCT of nurse coordination in the community, described in the Satisfaction section, reported no 

effect in multiple domains.242

An RCT of hospital-at-home reported no difference in the location of death (58% controls, 

67% intervention) in an intent-to-treat analysis.291 Hospital at home provides practical home 

nursing support continuously for up to two weeks, typically at the very end of life. However, 

only 61% of patients offered admission to the home hospital actually enrolled; among those who 

used hospital at home, the frequency of home death was higher (78% vs. 58%). In addition, this 

RCT compared the service to standard care, which included a variety of hospice and cancer 

support services. The Jadad score for this trial was 2. An RCT of a hospital palliative care team, 

described in the Satisfaction section, did not report an effect on satisfaction.85 A pre-post 

comparison of a Kaiser Permanente palliative care program, also described in the Satisfaction 

section, also reported significant improvements in satisfaction.87
80

DeCourtney et al.292 developed a multidisciplinary quality improvement intervention to 

deliver end-of-life care services to remote Alaska Native communities, and in a pre-post 

evaluation of site of death records reported that home deaths had increased from 33% in 1997 to 

77% in 2001. This approach (Helping Hands) relies on nurse case management in extremely 

remote villages and includes coordination with remote physicians, bush air support for nurse 

visits and medical supply provision, and remote communication using radio and phone. It 

mobilizes village youth to provide practical hands-on support to patients and families when 

medical professionals are not available. 

Raftery et al.146 performed a randomized controlled trial in the UK of the cost-effectiveness 

of a district coordinating service for terminally ill cancer patients. The nurse coordinators were 

based in the community; their role was to assess the need for different services, advise on how to 

obtain services or contact the agencies themselves when needed, and ensure that services were 

provided and of good quality. They acted as liaisons with other nurses but did not provide any 

clinical care themselves. Outcomes were all related to costs. The intervention did reduce health 

service costs, hospital days, and nurse home visits but did not affect indirect or direct costs borne 

by patients. The Jadad score for this study was 2. 

Selwyn et al.293 evaluated the impact of a multidisciplinary palliative care consultation 

service for patients with AIDS in an urban teaching hospital in an uncontrolled pre-post design. 

One of the components of this program includes coordinating care with primary HIV providers 

and community support and healthcare resources. They report follow-up data on 115 patients 

followed until death or problem resolution by an interdisciplinary team that worked across 

settings and attempted to integrate palliative care with usual AIDS care. Full problem resolution 

was 73% for care decision-making, 59% for conflict resolution, and 7%–67% for symptoms 

from the MSAS. 55% died while in care, 29% went to a nursing home with hospice, and 14% 

went to a nursing home for chronic care. 

Stockelberg et al.294 evaluated the impact of home nursing for 17 patients with hematological 

malignancies, and found that providing support and transfusions in the home avoided most 

ambulatory visits. 

We identified two RCTs of continuity-related interventions for the frail elderly. Melin et al. 

conducted a study of elderly patients who had from 1-5 ADL impairments.295 Intervention and 

control patients had a variety of diagnoses and a mean age of approximately 80. Intervention 

consisted of a team of physicians and nurses who made regular home visits for assessment and 

treatment as well as 24 hour phone support. Approximately 25% of the 249 patients (150–I, 99–

C) died during the study. Relative to controls, the intervention group improved in IADL, social 

activities, and more were living at home at the conclusion of the study (79% vs. 63%). Hospital 

use was similar, but controls had more long-term care use and intervention patients used more 

home care days. 

Mann et al. conducted296 an RCT of 104 home-based frail elderly patients (52–I, 52–C) who 

were randomized to functional and home environmental assessment. These patients averaged 73 

years of age and approximately 60% in both groups had been hospitalized in the previous six 

months. Intervention patients received assistive devices such as canes or walkers and 

environmental interventions such as ramps. Control participants declined on 7/9 functional 

measures during six months of follow-up compared to the intervention group. Pain scores were 

also lower at the conclusion of the trial in intervention group. There was no difference in total 
81

costs—although intervention participants spent more on devices and modification, and control 

groups spent more on nursing homes and nurse visits. 

Relational continuity 

In a randomized, crossover trial, 214 patients receiving palliative chemotherapy completed a 

HRQOL questionnaire at three successive outpatient visits.222 Physicians and patients were 

briefly educated about the intervention and were given a graphic summary of the questionnaire 

before each consultation. HRQOL-related issues were discussed more frequently in the 

intervention than in the control group, and physicians identified more patients with moderate-tosevere problems in feelings, social activities, and fatigue in the intervention than in the control 

group. Significantly more patients in the intervention group than in the control group received 

counseling from their physician on managing their health problems, the level of patient 

satisfaction with emotional support was higher, and significantly more patients showed 

improvement in mental health and role functioning. Seventy-nine percent of patients believed 

that the HRQOL summary increased their physician’s awareness of their health problems. The 

Jadad score for this study was 3. 

Specific populations 

Heart failure 

Many of the studies discussed in this area (in the context of systematic reviews or 

interventions) excluded ‘terminally ill’ patients and did not address other palliative domains. 

However, because these studies enrolled patients with advanced CHF who had high mortality 

and given the prognostic uncertainty in this condition, we determined them to be relevant for the 

purposes of the review. We identified five systematic reviews related to continuity and 

coordination in heart failure. One was a previous review that has now been updated297 and one 

older review only included 7 articles;298 these are not included here. These reviews all addressed 

the literature somewhat differently, with different definitions and inclusion criteria but some 

overlap; they are summarized briefly in the table below. 

Table 8. Systematic Reviews Relevant to Continuity/Coordination in Heart Failure 

Study Issues Addressed Date Search 

Concluded 

Date of Publication 

Phillips,2004299 Comprehensive 

discharge planning plus 

post-discharge support 

2003 2004 

McAlister, 2004 300 Multidisciplinary 

management programs 

(specialized 

multidisciplinary teams, 

enhancing patient selfcare, and telephone 

contact) 

2003 2004 

Windham, 2003 301 Care management for 

older patients 

2002 2003 
82

In general, these reviews concentrated on utilization outcomes and mortality. McAlister et 

al.’s review of 29 RCTs300 reported that trials that incorporated follow-up by a multidisciplinary 

team, enhancing patient self-care activities, or used telephone contact and advised patients to see 

their physician when needed all reduced heart failure hospitalizations. Reductions in mortality 

and all-cause hospitalizations were more variable. All interventions incorporated patient 

education. 

Results for patient-centered outcomes were more equivocal. Windham et al.302 and McAlister 

et al.300 reported that approximately half of studies that examined HRQOL or functional status 

showed improvements. Phillips et al.299 pooled QOL scores for 6 RCTs and reported a 

statistically significant difference: 26% improvement in the intervention groups compared to 

14% in the control groups. Patient satisfaction was measured in only three of 32 studies 

evaluated in one review.301 One review descriptively compared the characteristics of the 15 

effective to the 17 ineffective case management interventions and concluded that education and 

close monitoring for CHF symptoms by nurses or care managers were important components. 

Eight of the 32 studies included a social worker as part of the intervention.301

Additional Interventional Studies and Continuity in CHF 

We identified seven additional interventions related to continuity and coordination in 

CHF.303-305,306-309,310

Stewart et al. reported the outcome of a nurse case management intervention that included 

structured, intensive education, both patient and family activation, and coordination of care 

activities between both the primary physician and cardiologist.303, 311 Twenty deaths (10%) 

occurred in six months of follow-up. Rates of unplanned readmission were lower in the 

intervention group 68 vs. 118, p=0.031), and costs were correspondingly lower. Quality of life 

improved among survivors in both groups. The investigators reported the effectiveness of the 

intervention on the most high risk patients and noted a mortality benefit as well in this subset 

analysis.311 The Jadad score for this trial was 1. 

Goldberg et al. randomized CHF patients to either a telephonic monitoring system linked to 

an electronic scale and trained CHF nurse case manager vs. usual care.312 Patients with prognosis 

< 6 months were excluded as were those with advanced renal disease (dialysis or Cr. > 4.0) and 

other specific cardiac conditions although 13% (37/280) of enrolled patients died in six months 

of follow-up (lower in the intervention group 8% vs. 13%). There was no difference in rehospitalization and quality of life improvements were similar in both groups. The Jadad score for 

this trial was 1. 

Jaarsma et al. randomized 179 patients (84–I, 95–C) to a nursing education and one time 

telephone follow-up of CHF patients that was intended to increase self-care during the ten days 

after hospital discharge.307 Exclusion included serious comorbidity. In nine months of follow-up, 

38/179 (21%) patients died. Self-care behaviors attenuated strongly in control and intervention 

patients after discharge, although there was a small difference in persistence of self-care 

behaviors at nine months. This study failed to show a difference in utilization. The Jadad score 

for this trial was 1. 

Philbin et al. conducted a hospital-level quality improvement cluster randomized trial.313 Five 

intervention hospitals attempted to implement a critical pathway for CHF management. The 

intervention also included staff professional education. CHF survivors were followed for six 
83

months post-hospitalization. All-cause mortality in these patients averaged about 20% among 

survivors at six months. This inpatient-only intervention noted no post-discharge benefits on 

mortality, utilization, or quality of life. The Jadad score for this trial was 1. 

Goodyer et al.314 performed an RCT of a three-month intensive medication counseling 

intervention in patients with chronic, stable heart failure. The study did not report mortality. The 

intervention significantly improved compliance and decreased edema and subjective 

breathlessness in the intervention group compared to the control group. The control group also 

had significant decreases in scores for energy and physical mobility that were not seen in the 

intervention group. The Jadad score for this trial was 1. 

Heidenreich et al. reported an uncontrolled pre-post evaluation of an automated weight and 

vital signs monitoring device linked to physician and nurse manager alerts coupled with nurse 

education. Forty percent of these patients had moderate or greater reduction in left ventricular 

function. Survival was estimated as 82% at 12 months. Pre-post utilization and costs were lower 

in the intervention group, although quality of life was unchanged. 

Gorski and Johnson reported a post-evaluation of a quality improvement intervention without 

a control group306 that suggested benefits in self-care and utilization.

Observational Studies in Continuity 

With regard to the association of ethnicity with continuity, although a prospective cohort 

study found that blacks received less intensive care in the hospital,315 others have found that 

black nursing home residents tend to receive higher-intensity care and are more likely to die in 

the hospital.316 Several studies provide potential explanations for these disparities. One study 

found that black residents tend to be concentrated in nursing homes with fewer available 

resources, which is associated with more hospitalizations.317 Another study318 examining nonEnglish-speaking patients found that patients of different ethnicities had poorer understanding of 

their prognosis than English-speaking patients. Another319 found that nurses spent less time at the 

bedsides of non-white dying patients. 

In related literature about settings of care and continuity, we identified several studies that 

identified problems related to transitions in care in nursing homes.316, 320, 321 Other observational 

literature (see Satisfaction and Advance Care Planning) highlighted the challenges of transitions 

and/or continuity involving other or multiple settings.114 This literature also highlights the 

possible role of advance care planning (ACP) in reducing transfers.316 One study highlighted an 

association between more intensive staffing and primary care in nursing homes and decreased 

risk for transfers.322 Several studies suggest a higher preference for death at home than is 

typically observed.323, 324

With regard to disease, the observational literature underscores the risks of discontinuity in 

patients with CHF. One study highlighted the social factors, especially single marital status 

associated with a risk for re-admission.325 Several other studies demonstrate that the risk of readmission (up to 50%) is particularly associated with age and comorbidity, and in such 

unselected patients is even higher than in trials using more selected patients conducted in 

CHF.325-327 We found no studies of other particular disease states or comparative studies of risk 

by disease. 
84

We identified several studies notable for particular mention related to the subject of 

continuity. Fisher et al.’s large national study of Medicare cohorts (described in the Satisfaction 

section above) descriptively highlighted the fact that ten or more physicians were involved in the 

care of 37% of chronically ill patients during the last six months of life.115 A retrospective study 

of approximately 9000 decedents using administrative data demonstrated a strong association 

between higher physician primary care continuity measured using the Modified Continuity Index 

(MMCI) and lower emergency department use in the last six months of life as well as greater 

likelihood of home death.328, 329
85

F. Key Questions 2 and 3: 

2. What patient, family, and healthcare system factors are 

associated with better or worse outcomes at end of life? 

3. What processes and interventions are associated with 

improved or worsened outcomes? 

Elements associated with decision-making, especially advance care 

planning 

Advanced directives (ADs) (including “living wills” and “instructional directives”), are 

formal, legally endorsed documents that state instructions for care (e.g., circumstances in which 

life-sustaining treatment is to be provided or forgone) or that name a proxy/surrogate decisionmaker (e.g., “durable power of attorney” and “healthcare proxy”) in the event of future 

decisional incapacity. The federal Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) (OBRA-1990) and 

legislation on practice in all 50 states provided legal enforcement for ADs that followed certain 

procedures. More recent efforts to elicit patient preferences have moved toward advanced care 

planning, which denotes a broader set of activities. Advance care planning requires a wellinformed patient or surrogate to make decisions about future care so that treatments undertaken 

during a future period of decisional incapacity will still be in accord with the patient’s 

preferences. 

For this report, studies involving advance-care planning, advance directives, living wills, and 

“do not resuscitate” (DNR) orders were included if their targets were patients or families (rather 

than only reporting about clinicians). We evaluated four systematic reviews that potentially dealt 

with the subject of ACP. We went beyond the systematic reviews by including other 

interventions to improve ACP at the end of life published after these systematic reviews or 

published at any time if not already addressed in a systematic review. In total, we reviewed an 

additional 21 intervention studies. All observational studies that met our criteria are discussed at 

the conclusion of this section. 

The remainder of this section summarizes the evidence from systematic reviews, intervention 

studies, and observational studies relevant to advance care planning, including ADs, living wills 

and DNR orders. Summaries of the association of patient, family, and health system factors with 

ACP and the effectiveness of interventions in improving ACP are found at the conclusion of 

Chapter 3. 

Systematic Reviews 

Four systematic reviews were identified that met implicit quality criteria (see Table 9), and 

reflected three separate reviews addressing the topic of advance care planning. 
86

Table 9. Systematic Review for Advance Care Planning 

Study Aspect of Advance Care 

Planning 

Date Search 

Concluded 

Date of 

Publication 

Baggs330 End-of-life care decision-making 2000 2002 

Hanson et al.331 Interventions targeting patients, 

physicians or both, by their effect 

on increasing use of patient 

preferences and reducing use of 

life-sustaining treatments 

1996 1997 

Higginson et al.332 Communication, advance care 

planning, continuity 

1999 2002 

Walsh et al.333 Patient satisfaction, patient 

preferences 

1997 1998 

In the first of these, Baggs330 systematically reviewed the literature for evidence on end-oflife care for older adults (over 44 years old) in ICUs and their families and caregivers, focusing 

in part on literature involving nursing. Ninety-one studies were evaluated, reviewing the 

literature on interventions, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective analyses. Baggs’ review 

found that the characteristics of appropriate care for dying patients, particularly patients with 

DNR orders, are not clear. She also identified that advanced age, severity of condition, and DNR 

orders correlate with limited life-sustaining treatment. Two studies found that resource use 

decreased following placement of DNR orders. One study found that life-supporting 

interventions were withdrawn or withheld in 45 percent of ICU patients before their death. On 

the whole, age was not a factor in limiting care among patients once admitted to the ICU, but age 

has been a factor in limiting admission to the ICU for the elderly and some studies showed that 

the elderly appear to receive less aggressive care than do younger patients. 

Furthermore, Baggs’ review showed that end-of-life hospital care often involves inadequate 

communication and disagreement between patients and their families and physicians and nurses. 

Several studies, including the SUPPORT study, found that families and clinicians often have an 

incomplete understanding of patients’ preferences. This inadequate communication can cause 

some elderly to receive technical interventions rather than their preferred comfort care prior to 

death. Since dying ICU patients are generally not capable of communicating their preferences, 

achieving accord on a plan of care is often challenging. Ongoing communication is important 

because many patients want relief of symptoms without prolonged dying, decision-making that 

requires both families and providers, and psychological support. Communication is important 

because, while some of those in ICUs experience a feeling of safety and security, many 

experience discomfort, cognitive impairment, and anxiety. In the SUPPORT project,287 families 

reported that in the last three days of life, dying patients were most often in pain, experiencing 

dyspnea and fatigue. Baggs’ review of clinical interventions also showed that hospital end-of-life 

care does not rely upon evidence-based guidelines. 

The Hanson et al.331 systematic review examined the literature between January 1990 and 

March 1996, on whether interventions aimed at physicians and/or patients affected AD 

completion and subsequent end-of-life care. Six of the eight randomized studies reviewed, each 

targeting only patients, increased the rates of AD completion or proxy choices when they 
87

combined written materials on ADs with one or more discussions with physicians or a social 

worker about ADs. Five other studies, that targeted only physicians in single sites, used 

physician education in combination with reminders and feedback. This combined approach was 

successful in increasing AD completion and/or advance care planning discussions with patients. 

Three additional studies reviewed involved both physicians and patients. For example, 

SUPPORT showed that having an intervention to improve advance care planning did not alter 

the use of life-sustaining treatment or other outcomes.287 From this review of a total of 14 

studies, Hanson et al.331 concluded that, for end-of-life populations, educational interventions for 

both patients and physicians combined with repeated treatment preference discussions between 

physicians and patients as well as accessible documentation of the patient’s treatment 

preferences, could reduce the use of life-sustaining interventions at the end-of-life. 

A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis by Higginson et al.332 focused on the 

impact of hospital-based palliative care teams on patient outcomes and on families. Some of the 

findings related to advance care planning, particularly reporting a modest effect on hospital 

length of stay, but the authors note that the study designs do not allow confidence in this 

assessment or generalization to other settings. The 13 studies incorporated in the Higginson 

review do not overlap with this report. This Higginson review also reported that hospital-based 

palliative care teams are somewhat beneficial in terms of reducing the length of hospital stay and 

having a small positive effect on addressing patient’s symptoms. 

In the other systematic review, Walsh et al.333 examined the literature on conveying “bad 

news” concerning a life-threatening diagnosis or death, including publications between 1994 and 

August 1997. Ten RCTs examined how bad news is delivered and how the impact in doing so 

influences patients’ knowledge of their diagnosis, psychological adjustment, and satisfaction. In 

eight RCTs, the impact of communication interventions on patient recall and information needs 

was inconclusive; half showing an increase in short-term knowledge and the others showing no 

effect. Of the eight RCTs examined for the effect of communication practices on psychological 

adjustment, seven reported no significant differences, but one RCT found lower adjustment 

levels and higher anxiety after receiving the “bad news” intervention. The authors noted that 

these findings were in contrast to an older meta-analysis of 45 studies that had found a positive 

effect. Patient satisfaction in six RCTs was also inconclusive; three showing an increase and the 

other three showing no difference. 

Additional Intervention Studies of Advance Care Planning 

We found an additional 21 intervention studies that were not discussed in the systematic 

reviews. A trial of ACP in nursing homes was discussed above in the Satisfaction section.92

Studies varied in scope, methodology, duration, and outcome. These studies involved the 

following approaches to research involving advance care planning: 1) providing education about 

and the opportunity to complete an advance directive or participate in ACP discussions to 

patients; 2) having clinicians, patients, and families/surrogates discuss the patient’s treatment 

preferences and prognosis for patients who are dying or are likely to die; 3) having clinicians 

receive consultations to assist their decision-making process with patients; and 4) determining if 

efforts to document ADs affect treatment. Of these 21 studies, six were RCTs. Two of the RCTs 

examined ACP discussions in hospitals, three in outpatient settings, and one in nursing homes; 

the other RCT assessed the impact of physician-initiated AD discussions in elderly outpatients 

who were not severely ill. Among these studies, the few reporting differences by race/ethnicity 

and gender are discussed below. 
88

Within SUPPORT, Marbella et al.288 examined the accord of patients and surrogates as to the 

patient’s preferences, comparing the 386 paired patient and surrogate responses of the 

intervention group for whom trained nurses spent extra time with patients and families to explain 

and answer questions about prognoses and potential treatments with the 331 patient and 

surrogate pairs in the control group. No difference in concordance between patients and families 

followed the intervention. Among all patient-surrogate pairs, there was slightly less accord if the 

patient was older or the surrogate was not a close family member. Race and gender did not have 

a significant impact, though the trend was toward more accord in non-white patients and with 

female patients. The SUPPORT intervention study has a Jadad score of 3. 

The Landry et al.334 and Dexter et al.335 RCTs focused on interventions aimed at increasing 

the number of adult and elderly patients with advance directives in outpatient settings. In the 

Landry et al. RCT,334 95 patients with no known life-threatening diagnoses were randomized to 

the intervention group from the 187 patients in an outpatient clinic. The intervention group 

participated in an educational seminar without their clinicians and received written materials on 

ADs, while the control group only received the written materials. AD completion was found to 

have increased in both groups, but the AD completion rates in the intervention group doubled. In 

the Dexter et al. RCT,335 1,009 patients age 75 and older, with no known life-threatening illness, 

were randomized to an instruction directive group, proxy directive group, instruction directive 

and proxy directive group or to the control group. Primary care physicians were given reminders 

on the computer-generated encounter form in the patient record to have advance directive 

discussions with the intervention group patients. Comparatively, there was a significant increase 

in AD discussions in the intervention groups, half of which resulted in the patient completing an 

AD. The Jadad score for both studies is 3. 

In the Smucker et al.336 RCT, 100 patients 65 years or older, in an outpatient clinic, were 

randomized to physician-initiated discussions on ADs or to discussions on health promotion and 

assessed on their subsequent emotional or attitudinal response. Patients in the intervention group 

did not experience adverse emotional or attitudinal effects, and those who had ACP discussions 

with their primary care clinicians were more satisfied, findings that were even more pronounced 

when patient’s had higher educational levels and a long term relationship with their physician. 

This study has a Jadad score of 1. 

In a pilot RCT, 61 ambulatory geriatric patients between the ages of 65 to 92 were 

randomized, either to the control group, which only received a healthcare proxy form, or to the 

intervention group, which received the form and participated in an ACP discussion with a skilled 

nurse. For the 31 intervention patients, discussions of ACP involved a program called 

“Respecting Choices,” while 30 patients had no involvement in “Respecting Choices.” Patients 

and their surrogates concurred as to the patient’s preferences and more patients opted for less 

aggressive interventions in the intervention group. Interventions such as “Respecting Choices,” 

where options are presented along with an actual living will form, have been tested in numerous 

studies, but generally only at one site of care.337 This study has a Jadad score of 2. 

We also identified an additional 15 non-randomized intervention studies aiming to improve 

ACP, six with a comparison group and nine without a comparison group. These studies fell into 

the following categories: five studies that used specially trained clinicians to discuss ACP, 

including the diagnosis and prognosis of severely ill ICU patients at high risk of dying with 

assessment of changes in utilization; three studies that used palliative care teams for ACP 

discussions for hospitalized patients; one study that used clinician education and 
89

institutionalizing forms to assess patients who died; three studies that provided ACP discussions 

for patients receiving outpatient care; and three studies of end-of-life discussions in patients with 

advanced illness receiving non-hospice home care. 

In one of the active communication studies in ICUs by Lilly et al.,338 advance care planning 

discussions with dying patients did have some impact, unlike SUPPORT. As part of the 

intervention, indirect caregivers (e.g., social workers and care coordinators) and some nurses met 

with the patient following the intensive communication session with direct caregivers, but a 

standardized meeting template was used to convey information from the intensive 

communication meetings.338 The improvements documented in the initial intervention were 

sustained over the ensuing four years. However, this study did not monitor whether the patients 

admitted to intensive care changed over time. In both of these studies, presenting information 

about clinical status and expected outcomes to patients having advance directives and their 

families was associated with increases in decisions to forgo some therapeutic interventions.338

Similar to the findings of the Schneiderman et al. RCT91 described in the Baggs systematic 

review330 (and also above in the Satisfaction section), two of the communication studies 

examined the impact of specially trained teams on changes in utilization prior to death. In the 

first of these two, clinicians of 31 of 99 ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation discussed 

the patient’s preferences and prognosis with a team of two ethical consultants before decisionmaking became problematic for the clinicians. These consultations resulted in an increase in 

decisions to forgo life-sustaining treatment and shorter lengths of stay in the ICU.339 In the 

second study, Campbell and Guzman340 enrolled MICU patients with global cerebral ischemia 

after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and multiple organ system failure with or without ADs. 

These patients and their surrogates were given the opportunity to discuss the patient’s prognosis 

and treatment options with a palliative care team. As a result, patients opted for palliative care 

more often than for pursuing all possible therapeutic interventions. 

The last of this group of ICU communication studies assessed the impact of a healthcare 

team that met daily to select how 83 ICU patients should be treated, whereupon the team would 

seek agreement from the family, particularly if it was recommended that treatment be withheld 

or withdrawn. While the investigators did find an increase the incidence of withholding or 

withdrawing treatments, the study did not report whether the withholding or withdrawal of 

treatment was in accord with the patient’s AD or treatment preferences.341

Three studies assessed improving communication of patient’s preferences in hospitals and 

assessing the impact on patient outcomes. Jack et al.342 enrolled 50 cancer patients referred to the 

hospital palliative care team for symptom control, and compared findings to a control group of 

50 patients. Subsequent analysis focused on the positive effect on the patients’ understanding of 

their diagnosis and prognosis. Patients in both groups improved their understanding of their 

diagnosis and prognosis, but the intervention group had higher levels of understanding. The 

Butler et al.343 study assessed the impact of institutionalizing a standardized DNR order form on 

the number of patients who died in the hospital with a DNR form. Compared to the period before 

the form was institutionalized (94 patients), there was an increase in the documentation of the 62 

patients’ treatment preferences and in patient involvement in treatment decisions while 

hospitalized. In the Monteleoni and Clark study,344 the impact of a palliative care team 

communicating with attending physicians about the patient’s treatment preferences was assessed. 

In assessing rates of feeding tube placement before the time when they initiated their 
90

intervention, the study found no difference in placement of feeding tubes in patients having ADs, 

including ADs that documented refusal of artificial nutrition. 

We found three studies that investigated the impact of ACP communication with patients 

with advanced illness receiving outpatient care. In a controlled interventional study, the effect of 

AD education on 50 COPD rehabilitation patients was compared to 43 patients not involved with 

the educational workshop. Following the AD education, the rate of intervention patients with a 

completed living will increased from 52% to 72% and the rate with completed durable powers of 

attorney increased from 34% to 86%, as well as an increase from 16% to 52% in patients 

discussing their life-support decisions with a physician.345 Another of these studies involved 

using palliative care consultations for nephrologists caring for 19 patients with no comparison 

group. These consultations were intended to assist the nephrologists when they helped patients to 

select treatments, including symptom control and assistance with coping with their burden of 

illness. These consultations increased discussions of advanced care planning between the 

patient’s nephrologists and surrogates, though the numbers of advance directives did not increase 

(also discussed above in the Satisfaction section).88 Both of these studies found that less than half 

of the patients had ACP discussions prior to the intervention, and their physicians or surrogates 

did not understand the patients’ preferences. 

The third ACP communication intervention in outpatient settings involved 204 patients 

receiving clinical services from two hospitals. The health status and psychological well-being of 

all study patients were assessed. Of the 104 intervention patients offered an AD form, 67% 

completed the AD form. Furthermore, signing the AD form did not adversely affect the patients’ 

overall health (both physical and psychological).346

From another vantage point, three studies without comparison groups reported facilitating 

ACP discussion with severely ill home care patients. An evaluation of the Comprehensive 

Home-based Options for Informed Consent about End-stage services (CHOICES) program, 

enabled by the comprehensive nature of managed care in Medicare + Choice, 208 enrolled 

patients with advanced chronic illness elicited treatment preferences (including modifying ADs 

for patients with ADs), arranged appropriate services, and eventually facilitated entry into 

hospice care. The focus of CHOICES was to understand a patient’s multifaceted needs and to 

fashion treatment options to fit the preferences of the patients. During the study period, the 

length of time in hospice significantly increased among the 208 patients, more patients died at 

home, and enrolled patients spent less time in hospitals.347 The second home care study 

investigated the effectiveness of discussions about end-of-life care in a patient’s home. After 

such discussions, almost all the 84 adult patients with life-limiting illnesses were willing to have 

an advance directive and wanted end-of-life care at home.348 Both studies facilitated increased 

utilization of hospice care and dying at home. The third home care study was a small 

investigation documenting the treatment preferences among 31 AIDS patients with no 

comparison group. The investigator, who assisted the patients with defining their AD, found that 

standardized AD forms did not fully capture the patient’s treatment preferences.349 
91

Prospective Cohort Observational Studies on Advance Care Planning 

We found an additional 22 prospective cohort studies that were not discussed in the 

systematic reviews and that address aspects of advance care planning not covered by the 

aforementioned intervention studies. These employed various methodologies, including using 

different instruments and respondents. Eight of these were prospective cohort studies drawn from 

the SUPPORT intervention study. From these studies, three major themes emerge. First, the 

impact of efforts to increase AD communication, completion, and documentation was evaluated 

positively by participants, but has not been shown to be effective in altering treatment patterns. 

Second, patient preferences often change over time and as illness progresses. Third, 

communicating with families and involving them, as well as patients, in advance care planning is 

important when possible. 

Two SUPPORT studies by Teno et al.350, 351 found that, in most instances, ADs did not affect 

end-of-life decision-making,350 especially when family members and physicians had a clear 

preference and the patient’s vague advance directive generally disagreed.351 In SUPPORT, the 

intervention did succeed in having more advance directives present in the medical record, but 

very few advance directives provided clear instruction that was applicable to the situation. Very 

few patients and physicians talked about preferences, even when patients actually prefer forgoing 

resuscitation.352 However, communication and physician understanding of patient preferences 

improved when physicians have a longer relationship with the patient, have an accurate 

understanding of the patient’s six-month survival, and discuss resuscitation preferences with the 

patient.353 

Assuming that clinicians have the responsibility of initiating advance care planning 

discussions, efforts to help them increase AD communication, completion and documentation 

have been mixed. Assessment of the impact of the AD discussions among 686 patients initiated 

by primary care physicians resulted in patients being more satisfied with their physicians, and no 

significant differences were associated with race/ethnicity and gender.354 One Curtis et al.168

study of 31 AIDS patients also found that, when these conversations did take place, patients were 

more satisfied, but more so when clinicians knew their patients and their ADs. However, nonHispanic Whites and those with higher incomes were more satisfied. Furthermore, a study of 

642 hospitalized cancer patients found that generalists and oncologists discussed similar topics 

and demonstrated similar prescribed treatments, which were influenced by the perception of the 

patient’s preferences and prognosis.355

Given the importance of patient-physician communication, barriers exist for physicians to 

initiate end-of-life care discussions. Another Curtis et al.356 study of 57 AIDS patients found that 

patient-physician communication barriers often stemmed from the clinicians’ lack of education 

about end-of-life care and lack of time for these discussions, as well as having the opinion that 

the need for end-of-life care discussions had not been evident. A study of 255 patients in a Swiss 

hospital found that, even among patients with DNR orders, physicians tended to make DNR 

decisions when they perceived patients as having a poor quality of life; a perception that is often 

lower than the patient’s measured quality of life.357

As time passes, patient’s preferences may change. In a study of 50 adults age 65 and older, 

selection of health impairment states worse than death were similar to the selection of specific 

life-sustaining treatment preferences; preferences that did change over time.358 Some of these 

changes may be associated with specific health events, but the evidence is equivocal. In a study 
92

of palliative chemotherapy treatment decisions in 203 cancer patients, changes in health related 

quality of life resulted in patients’ opting to modify or discontinue treatment when there was 

evidence of tumor progression or treatment toxicity; not when the patient’s health related quality 

of life deteriorated.359 Another study of patient preferences for place of death among 98 cancer 

patients found that, when patients understood their disease and prognosis, almost two-thirds did 

not want to die in a hospital and their needs could be met at home.323 Similarly, in a study of 80 

cancer patients, patient preferences for information and involvement in decision-making often 

changed between consultations. Generally, female patients wanted more information than males, 

and patients with worsening conditions more often wanted physicians to make treatment 

decisions. Some differences in patient preferences for information were associated with which of 

the two study physicians was seen on a particular visit, so preferences might well relate to 

physician behavior during patient-physician communication.360

Over the course of illness, patients’ preferences may also not reflect their actual prognosis or 

subsequent utilization. Findings from one of the SUPPORT studies found that patients with 

advanced colon and lung cancer estimated longer survival times than their actual prognoses, and 

this correlated with a greater likelihood of wanting life-extending interventions.361 Another 

SUPPORT study found that decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments was not 

associated with the patient’s race/ethnicity,362 but those with advanced age and men were more 

likely to have dialysis withheld or withdrawn.363 Another SUPPORT report found that a patient’s 

prognosis and preferences appear to affect the timing of documenting DNR orders.364 A related 

study, assessing hospital utilization among 241 patients with advanced illness, found that 

patients’ prior preferences were not associated with actual hospital and life-sustaining treatment 

utilization.365 Similar findings were observed in another study of 65 nursing home residents, 

where patients’ prior treatment preferences were found not to reflect subsequent utilization, 

particularly when a patient’s health deteriorated and family and physician chose to limit further 

interventions.366

The involvement of families in advance care planning and decision-making is also important, 

but not a standard of practice. In a study of families and friends of 600 heart disease decedents, 

almost half had limited information on the decedents’ illness, yet half of the decedents were 

reported as having known their prognosis and likelihood of death—many of whom wanted to die 

soon because of uncontrolled symptoms.281 In another study of 102 ICU patients in a Paris 

hospital, physicians did not communicate with half of the ICU patients’ families when they were 

from another country, spoke a different language, were not the spouse of the patient, and did not 

have a healthcare background.367 There may be communication barriers among clinicians, 

between clinicians and patients and their families, and between patients and families. In an 

assessment of end-of-life care communication and cancer patients in England, Ireland, and Italy, 

there were communication problems in 30% to 40% of instances between patients and their 

families, compared to communication problems in 10% to 20% of instances associated between 

clinicians and clinicians, or patients and their families. There were also more communication 

problems when patients died in inpatient hospice care, not when patients died at home.104 
93

Additional Cross-Sectional and Retrospective Observational Studies 

and Advance Care Planning. 

Beyond the findings of the intervention and prospective cohort studies, we reviewed an 

additional 74 cross-sectional observational studies and 57 retrospective studies. Among the 

cross-sectional studies, we found that 21 had study populations less than 100, 7 reported outcome 

differences by race/ethnicity, and 23 reported outcome differences by gender. Among the 57 

retrospective studies, we found that 8 had study populations less than 100, 11 reported outcome 

differences by race/ethnicity, and 5 reported outcome differences by gender. The majority of 

these retrospective studies used large secondary datasets. Among the cross-sectional and 

retrospective studies, there were significant differences: in study subjects (e.g., health status, 

diagnosis, prognosis, and proximity to death), setting of care, survey design and data collection 

instruments, and study methodology, Educational studies have included providing written AD 

materials or an informational videotape, providing education on the importance of advance 

directives to patients and/or providers (e.g., using AD discussion guides and written information 

for consumers, identification of a central or uniform place for the advance directive, and 

educational seminars), or counseling activities (e.g., supplying written information on ADs and 

providing an opportunity to complete an AD or assisting patients with life-threatening diseases to 

make decisions about medical care). Hammes and Rooney368 reported remarkable effects from a 

community-wide implementation of AD education, with 85% of all who died in La Crosse, WI, 

having a written AD at the time of death, virtually all of which were available and followed. 

Showing that at least one large healthcare delivery system can similarly increase the rate of 

advance care planning, the Veterans Health Care System designated advance care planning for 

six conditions as being a mandated goal for each of their geographically based networks. The VA 

system increased advance care planning for veterans with the designated serious illnesses by 

15% system-wide in just three months.369 Two recent reports from Oregon where a special form 

called the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) is in common use show that 

three-quarters of all out-of-hospital decedents369 and of all nursing facilities370 have the POLST 

completed and available. 
94

G. Summary regarding outcome variations among 

populations (by patient, family, and health system 

characteristics) 

We identified one systematic review that addressed the issue of outcome variations by 

race/ethnicity and by settings of care—the two issues that we chose to focus on due to time and 

resource limitations. Because this review did not map easily to the topics we chose, we discuss it 

here in introducing a summary of our own findings. 

Table 10. Systematic Review of Outcome Variation 

Study Aspect of Variation Date Search 

Concluded 

Date of 

Publication 

Wilson371-374 Cultural variation; variation by 

site of care (hospital, long-term 

care, and home care) 

October 2003 Unpublished 

Wilson et al. identified studies relevant to cultural variation in outcomes. The eleven studies 

were all observational in nature, and were relevant to advance directives, healthcare preferences, 

communication, and decision-making. These studies generally observed that religion and 

acculturation as well as ethnicity figured prominently in explaining cultural differences. AfricanAmerican and Hispanic status was associated with preferences for life-sustaining treatment in 

several studies. Hispanic status was also associated with impaired communication secondary to 

language – not only about advance directives, but also pain. Several studies highlight cultural 

differences not only in preferences for treatment, but also in the process of decision-making with 

respect to disclosure and the family’s role vis-à-vis the patient’s autonomy with non-white 

patients more likely to prefer non-disclosure and group vs. individual decision-making. 

The same review also highlighted studies related to home, nursing home, and hospital care. 

These reviews did not explicitly examine differences, but the individual reviews are useful by 

comparison. The study identified 11 studies relevant to hospital care at the end of life, 20 studies 

related to home death, and 22 articles related to long-term care death. With respect to hospitals, 

the review highlighted the fact that many patients experience a hospital death and that from the 

population perspective, bed supply is one of the more important determinants of site of death. 

Women and non-white patients were at higher risk of end-of-life hospitalization, according to 

several studies. Less than a third of hospitalized patients made advance care plans in several 

studies and high-intensity care was common, even among patients with dementia. This review 

highlighted the role of nursing education in palliative care—studies reported an association 

between education or experience in end-of-life care and management or attitudes. With respect to 

nursing home issues, the review highlighted descriptive studies of difficulties in pain 

management, personal care, communication, and caregiver support. Several studies reported an 

association between hospice use in the nursing home and family perceptions of better nursing 

home care compared to families whose loved ones did not receive hospice. With regard to home 

death, the review highlighted literature describing a discrepancy between preference for home 

death and its low rate of occurrence. Home support was associated with increased likelihood of 

death and care at home, although home death was also associated with emotional and practical 

stress on caregivers. 
95

We identified a number of studies highlighting important healthcare system associations. 

Several of the highest-quality population-based observational studies that have compared the 

performance of systems of care have found relative deficiencies in symptom management, 

physician communication, emotional support, and being treated with respect in hospital and 

nursing home environments compared to hospice at the end of life. Observational studies of 

symptoms did not inform differences among settings, but did point out associations between 

treatment and symptoms of behavioral disturbance in dementia. Observational literature on 

continuity of care highlighted particular issues with continuity related to each setting of care—

including hospital readmission, nursing home transfers, and multiple providers when patients are 

living with advanced illness. 

We found little evidence to inform whether or not there are racial/ethnic differences in 

satisfaction, although we found evidence that racial/ethnic considerations could affect 

expectations regarding the quality of care, especially with regard to advance care planning and 

treatment preferences. A number of observational studies describe Hispanic, African-American, 

and other group preferences for indirect or non-disclosure, group rather than individual decisionmaking, and use of life-sustaining treatments. The highest-quality observational studies of pain 

and other symptoms also provided little information on racial/ethnic differences in pain, dyspnea, 

and depression and anxiety. Observational studies in caregiving and continuity similarly 

provided little information on racial/ethnic differences, although intervention studies of 

caregiving did more so (this is discussed in the summary of effectiveness of interventions). A 

few studies of advance care planning showed modest improvement in patient-surrogate accord 

with non-white race, and preferences for avoiding planning ahead for persons with poorer health 

or lower education. However, effect sizes were modest and studies were small and conducted in 

non-generalizable populations. 

The observational literature was generally uninformative with regard to important differences 

by disease. To the extent that it does highlight differences, it is mostly a function of the fact that 

research on certain topics is commonly pursued in specific diseases. For example, the caregiving 

literature highlights problems with caregiving in dementia, although a few studies of advanced 

CHF also highlight the stress experienced by caregivers. For the most part, with regard to all 

topics, this shows our need to expand our understanding of how disease status might be 

associated with the kinds and chronology of needs that patients and families face. 
96

H. Summary regarding the effectiveness of 

interventions 

Satisfaction 

Although the evidence is mixed, the preponderance of the interventional and observational 

literature supports the effectiveness of palliative care for improving both patient and caregiver 

satisfaction. Subjective measures of the end-of-life care experience include both satisfaction and 

quality-of-care measures, and these tools overlap significantly. Satisfaction or quality-of-care 

instruments that assess focused aspects of end-of-life care have been most useful in 

demonstrating the effects of interventions. Nonspecific satisfaction instruments or studies that 

use measures not specifically adapted for or developed for palliative care settings have often 

demonstrated ceiling effects on satisfaction. Possibly for that reason, intervention effects on 

satisfaction have been somewhat inconsistent. 

Measures of satisfaction that are more specific and strongly related to explicit intervention 

aims or processes (e.g., communication, pain control, practical support, and enhanced 

caregiving) have demonstrated greater sensitivity to change and support a process-outcome 

relationship among these variables. The relationship of other processes or attributes of care (e.g., 

treatment of symptoms other than pain, spiritual support, continuity and coordination of care) to 

satisfaction is less evident in the literature although it is supported qualitatively. The ability to 

demonstrate relationships of these aspects of care to satisfaction may be partially related to 

challenges defining spiritual support as an intervention and measuring spiritual support and 

continuity of care. 

Pain, Depression and Anxiety, and Behavioral Symptoms in 

Dementia 

The evidence base supporting the effectiveness of interventions for cancer pain is quite 

strong, but better descriptive information is needed about the experience of pain at the end of life 

in conditions other than cancer. In cancer populations, experiments testing different opioids, 

different dosages of the same opioid, or different means of opioid delivery did not produce 

statistically significant results as highlighted in both reviews and intervention studies. These 

studies were among the strongest in terms of study design. Few CAM interventions had a 

positive impact on pain relief; acupuncture and massage produced short-term pain relief in 

cancer patients. Along with descriptive studies, studies of pain treatment in non-cancer 

conditions needs further study. None of the review studies and only four of the intervention 

studies included non-cancer patient samples in their studies; none of these studies were on a 

single disease. Studies of non-pharmacologic interventions are small and of varied quality. 

Morphine and other opioids may have a beneficial impact on dyspnea; one meta-analysis and 

three small but promising intervention studies reported mostly positive results for cancer and 

COPD. No large studies have examined interventions to relieve dyspnea in cancer or non-cancer 

conditions, or attempted to describe the experience of dyspnea, despite the fact that dyspnea is a 

characteristic symptom of several important end-of-life conditions (e.g., advanced cancer, 

COPD, CHF). Dyspnea in advanced CHF appears to be the most understudied among these 

conditions. The evidence from the reviews and individual intervention studies presents relatively 
97

negative results for the role oxygen therapy plays in the management of dyspnea in cancer 

patients. Exercise interventions may have a positive effect on those with severe COPD and heart 

failure but these have not been tested in cancer patients. In small, short-term studies, 

acupuncture, acupressure, and relaxation therapy showed some clinical benefits. 

Effective interventions have targeted the pharmacologic treatment of depression in cancer, 

but relatively few studies have evaluated shorter-acting drugs, or the treatment of depression in 

non-cancer conditions. We reported on one extensive review of the intervention literature 

regarding depression in cancer patients. Of the seven interventions considered, five focused on 

the treatment of depression and/or anxiety in cancer patients as well. The other review and two 

intervention studies focused on other disease cohorts (one study focused specifically on 

depression in heart failure patients, the other on mixed disease). SSRIs have been shown to be 

very successful in treating depression in palliative care populations. Behavioral and CAM 

interventions have demonstrated mixed results. 

 The existing literature on dementia has focused primarily on Alzheimer’s disease. Given the 

considerable amount of time one can live after a diagnosis of dementia, these studies are 

somewhat limited in the context of this review because it is not clear how many of them include 

a population clearly near the end of life. The literature addresses many symptoms for the 

dementia patient population: aggressive/disruptive behavior, agitation, wandering, and mood 

were the most common. These studies suggest that a variety of non-pharmacologic therapies may 

be effective for behavioral symptoms in dementia. Pharmaceutical interventions were the subject 

of only a few studies and with mixed results. There are many more methodological limitations in 

the literature on dementia making it difficult to make definitive statements about the best 

treatment for these patients. 

Caregiving Burden 

In general, a variety of interventions were studied for a broad range of caregivers (e.g., 

spouse, adult children, others), primarily caregivers to dementia patients255-257 and to terminal 

cancer patient caregivers,72, 74, 258, 259, 286 usually as a supplement to clinical palliative care 

services being provided to the terminally ill patient. Most studies, whether on dementia or endof-life caregiver interventions, focused on caregiver burden (objective and subjective burden) as 

the main outcome measure, but outcomes also included psychological distress (stress, 

depression), anxiety, coping skills, life satisfaction, health related quality of life, satisfaction with 

services or care, morale, rate of home death, rates of institutionalization, and costs. 

There were generally two kinds of interventions used to address caregiver burden: individual 

and group interventions. The interventions included education, counseling, support groups, home 

health, hospice, or palliative care services to caregivers singly, or in some combination. For the 

most part, intervention studies have reported inconsistent results. Larger treatment effects have 

been found for individual interventions,257 yet group interventions predominate the literature 

(Knight, Lutzky, & Macofsky-Urban, 1993). In addition, only multi-component interventions 

and some respite services have shown positive (though small) impacts on caregiver burden. The 

inconsistencies in the literature may be attributable to the differences in the caregiver outcome 

measurement, research design, and analytical methods used. 

The caregiving interventional literature provides some information about ethnic or racial 

differences in caregiving experience. Caregiver race was significantly associated with the effect 

size of some interventions. Several studies in our review demonstrated such differences with 
98

regard to African-American and White caregivers. Race was significantly associated with 

caregiver intervention impact (p<.001), indicating that the treatment was more effective for nonwhite caregivers.257 Hispanic men and Hispanic and White daughters experienced a higher 

impact from Birmingham REACH intervention than other groups.264

Overall, palliative care teams do appear to have a small but beneficial effect on patient 

outcomes. In contrast, small effects have been found related to caregiver outcomes. There is also 

no significant effect of palliative care teams on home death rates, no matter what the make-up of 

the team.72, 74 

Continuity 

The preponderance of systematic reviews and interventions supports the efficacy of 

interventions to improve continuity in the context of palliation of cancer. In addition, we found 

some lower-quality evidence that palliative HIV care could improve continuity. Interventions 

embody a variety of successful approaches including aspects of management, informational, and 

interpersonal continuity as well as comprehensive integrated care such as palliative care services. 

We found evidence for the effectiveness of interventions targeting care at multiple levels—

provider, patient, provider/patient interface, and multiple settings but particularly home and 

hospital. Our review is limited in that it identified no evidence related to improving continuity 

across multiple sites of care. 

Although we identified many effective interventions for improving continuity in CHF care, 

few of these explicitly addressed or reported patient-centered palliative outcomes (e.g., dyspnea, 

advance care planning, caregiving impact). However, successful interventions share features of 

successful interventions in general including longer intervention periods, coordination among 

providers, and regular, structured home assessment. Many CHF interventions specifically 

excluded patients who were ‘terminally ill,’ limiting their generalizability. We identified no 

palliative interventions targeting other conditions and continuity of care—other than in the 

context of unselected populations that were more commonly focused on cancer care. Most 

interventions have targeted re-admission to the hospital or other kinds of high-cost care, but 

interventions are needed to understand how to improve other aspects of continuity as well. 

Advance Care Planning 

The usual practice of advance directives and advance care planning is supported by little 

reliable scientific evidence of efficacy in improving outcomes. Improved communication and 

planning has some tendency toward improved patient and family satisfaction, and certainly 

anecdotes and small series point to patient and family frustration and disappointment with 

seriously flawed communication. Nevertheless, high-quality research designs have not often 

been applied to these questions and, when applied, have shown quite modest effects, even on 

increasing the rate of making decisions in advance. Whether improved advance care planning 

actually improves the experience for patients and their families has only thin and equivocal 

evidence. 

However, studies provided several key insights involving advance care planning. First, 

advance care planning has to reflect changing preferences and circumstances; patients’ 

preferences change over the course of their illness. Second, when clinicians and families 

understand and agree with patients’ preferences and prognosis, patients are more likely to 

experience preferred outcomes. Third, physical and psychosocial support for patients and their 
99

families is needed and can improve communication and decision-making among clinicians, 

patients, and families. Fourth, interventions limited to one type of strategy and one site of care, 

as well as those that have few study subjects, are not likely to change care patterns or have long 

term impact. For about half of the studies reviewed here, only one site of care was used and a 

small number of patients were enroll.
101

Chapter 4. Research Recommendations 

Overview 

Our literature review identified a very large and diverse body of literature reflecting the 

tremendous growth and importance of the field of end-of-life care over the last decade. This 

review of the scientific evidence underlying key parts of the field of end-of-life care illuminates 

strengths of the field as well as opportunities for research. We identified evidence supporting the 

association of satisfaction and quality of care with pain management, communication, practical 

support, and enhanced caregiving. The literature review identified evidence to support the 

effectiveness of interventions to improve satisfaction, ameliorate cancer pain, and relieve 

depression in cancer; non-pharmacologic interventions for behavioral problems in dementia; and 

interventions to foster continuity in cancer and CHF care. Evidence is strongest in cancer, 

reflecting progress in acknowleding the place of palliative care in the research agenda and 

clinical practice of oncology. 

Limitations 

Several issues related to the nature of the literature complicated this review. 

• An important challenge at the present time is the lack of a settled definition of the “end of 

life.” Although our review worked with the broadest definition, any choice would be 

unsatisfactory because the definitions in the literature are inconsistent and inexplicit. In 

addition, much of the literature on advanced stages of fatal illnesses is not indexed as 

“end of life,” thus making it difficult to include in a broad review. 

• We observed a lack of clarity concerning certain concepts and their measurement. One 

example was satisfaction, but the same issues affect other topics, a fact that hindered our 

ability to classify outcomes and their relevance to patients and families. 

• Most of the literature in end-of-life care does not clearly describe and compare the 

characteristics and outcomes of groups of patients. Therefore, this review was not able to 

explore many of the distinctions among patient groups, such as those affected by cancer, 

CHF, or dementia. 

• We found it necessary to focus on selected data sources and topics. We utilized various 

strategies to incorporate most of the articles that the field itself identifies as very relevant 

at this time, such as reviewing references of the National Consensus Project and 

systematic reviews. We were unable to include many symptoms, such as delirium or 

fatigue, that may be even more common that those we highlighted. Similarly, we did not 

review bereavement, spirituality, or other specific outcomes including functional status or 

length of survival. We also did not evaluate cost of care, although it has obvious 

distributive implications and is a significant societal concern as our population ages. 

• These same considerations led to our exclusion of clinical trials of palliative 

chemotherapy, radiotherapy, stents, laser therapy, and other technically complex care. 

The omission of these topics, which can have major impact on palliation, suggests that 

there may be need for in-depth review of these areas to guide future palliative care 

practice. Costly and medically complex care such as implanted cardioverter defibrillators, 
102

biventricular pacing, and ventricular assist devices also increasingly characterize care for 

advanced CHF, and understanding the risks and benefits of such procedures vis-à-vis 

palliation is extremely important, although also out of scope of our review. 

• To understand associations, our review focused on the highest-quality evidence (e.g., 

randomized clinical trials, intervention studies, and prospective cohort observational 

studies) to examine whether certain patient (e.g., race/ethnicity, disease) or healthcare 

system (e.g., site of care) factors are associated with better or worse outcomes of 

palliative care. By not being able to review all observational studies, we may well have 

missed some important associations among patient, family, and healthcare system factors 

and outcomes. We also did not include nonsystematic efforts, such as clinical practice 

guidelines and consensus documents, and therefore have not included recommendations 

based on expert consensus. 

Given these choices and parameters, we identified important research opportunities for the 

field. In this section, we focus first on the lack of a definition of the “end of life” population 

(Preliminary Question), then on gaps in evidence related to conceptualizing and measuring 

satisfaction and other outcomes relevant to patients and caregivers (Question 1). We offer 

conclusions related to understanding variations (Question 2) and the effectiveness of 

interventions (Question 3) to improve each of the specific outcomes we addressed in this report. 

Definition of the “End-of-Life” Population Needed 

The lack of consensus on the definition of “end of life” leaves what various researchers have 

called “the denominator problem.” If one aims to reduce the rate of dyspnea, for example, one 

must have a stable, replicable, and meaningful definition of the population. In a previous review 

of this literature, George also observed the lack of a consistent conceptual and operational 

definition of end of life.21 The undefined nature of the category is apparent in the widely varying 

populations in studies we identified. We examined substantial numbers of reports of prognostic 

modeling (see Appendix A) and found that this literature does not and probably cannot define a 

population that both includes most people suffering with fatal illnesses and includes them only 

for a short time (e.g., six months before death). 

The correct definition of end of life may well depend upon what use is to be made of the 

definition. If the purpose involves public policy for a diverse array of patients with various 

serious illnesses and social situations and if the aim is to identify opportunities for tailoring 

services to match the needs of most of the group, the definition will need to encompass many 

very seriously ill people and will necessarily include some patients who live a long time. If the 

use involves securing care for the last hours of life, the definition will be much more narrow. 

Similarly, if the definition is meant to signal authorization for physician-assisted suicide, the 

tolerance for errors of over-inclusion will be small. For research purposes, a few clear definitions 

of the scope might well be enough to allow clear reporting of the denominator population for 

each study and to enable comparisons across time and setting. 

We identified relatively few studies (especially studies in hospice or palliative care settings) 

that made clear distinctions or studied distinct categories of illness; even fewer studies set out to 

compare the end-of-life experience of various conditions. The patient and family experience of 

the end of life has been best described in cancer. Very few studies address even the most 

important end-of-life symptoms in non-cancer conditions, despite the fact that the few existing 
103

studies suggest the importance of separately considering conditions, or perhaps major groupings 

of conditions. In the lives of many patients, of course, conditions occur together, and there is a 

separate need to understand how multiple comorbidities affect the end-of-life experience. 

Finally, attention to particular conditions would emphasize the extent to which the end of life is 

being affected by treatment innovation such as the proliferation of technologies in CHF 

treatment. For these reasons, we suggest: 

• Consideration 1: Research is needed to characterize the implications of alternative 

conceptual and operational definitions of the “end of life,” particularly for 

important conditions. Efforts are needed to define populations with specific unmet 

palliative care needs. 

Measures and Satisfaction with Care and the End-of-Life 

Experience 

The field has made a promising beginning in developing sound tools for evaluating end-oflife care, but gaps in the availability of measures remain. While some instruments have been 

evaluated in cancer and mixed populations in which cancer predominates, few instruments have 

been tested in prevalent non-cancer conditions. Related methodological issues include assessing 

patients with cognitive impairment and better understanding the limitations of proxy response. 

Novel approaches to evaluating outcomes may be needed in certain populations, and the limits of 

observation and self-report need examination.375 Indeed, a number of methodological challenges 

in end-of-life research need sustained attention. In addition to the problem of substitute 

respondents, the challenge of the variable timing of death and its effect upon measurement needs 

attention. 

Whether measures respond to changes in care system performance has not generally been 

tested, and only a few of the most rigorously developed instruments have been tested or applied 

in different settings. The experience of health care differs among settings and, according to 

evidence we identified in reviewing satisfaction, by disease or by the nature of the caregiver’s 

relationship with the patient. Thus, researchers need to develop specific tools depending on the 

research objectives, or at least to account for potential differences in their analyses when 

evaluating the effectiveness of palliative care interventions. High-quality studies generally have 

not yet addressed the experience of health care while dying from different cultural perspectives, 

but adapting existing instruments and evaluating differences will be important as our aging 

population becomes more diverse. 

With regard to satisfaction, we noted that most studies do not offer any conceptualization of 

satisfaction, and there is much overlap among instruments that measure satisfaction and other 

aspects of end-of-life care. Indeed, satisfaction has some limitations as a measure of care 

performance. Most studies of satisfaction did not employ standardized instruments, or if they did, 

they are often instruments that were not specifically developed for end-of-life settings or that 

reflect the kinds of healthcare experiences that are specific to the end of life. Important 

differences in the experience of health care are suggested by disease trajectory and by caregiver 

perspective, and the importance of measuring specific attributes of medical care is suggested by 

the fact that studies that observe differences in satisfaction have often done so in the context of 

instruments that include detailed items rather than simple summary measures. Better 

understanding is needed of the relationship of satisfaction to treatment of symptoms other than 
104

pain, spiritual support, continuity and coordination of care, in particular. For these reasons, we 

recommend: 

• Consideration 2: Further measure development should emphasize testing the 

highest-quality measures in important settings (e.g., hospital, nursing home, 

hospice, and ambulatory care). These measures need to be evaluated in diverse 

populations (e.g., racial/ethnic groups, non-cancer conditions). Measures would 

benefit from being standardized for comparisons among studies. 

• Consideration 3: Studies evaluating satisfaction should use specific measures that 

reflect processes of care, and studies should examine the relationship of 

satisfaction to less-studied processes such as non-pain symptoms, spiritual support, 

and continuity. 

• Consideration 4: Methodological challenges in measurement require focused 

research. Strengthened research infrastructure including collaborative networks 

should be considered. 

Pain, Dyspnea, Depression and Anxiety, and Behavioral 

Symptoms in Dementia 

The preponderance of the evidence we reviewed supports the effectiveness of pharmacologic 

and system interventions for cancer pain. Nevertheless, the stability of population rates of cancer 

pain presents a caution; having evidence from interventional research that showed effective relief 

of cancer pain in substantial populations would be most useful. More rigorous studies are needed 

to understand the use of non-pharmacologic therapies and how they should be combined or 

sequenced with pharmacologic therapies. Limited evidence is troubling in that it suggests that 

pain characterizes a variety of severe illnesses, but studies are needed to characterize both the 

basic epidemiology and the clinical interpretation of pain in non-cancer conditions. 

With regard to dyspnea, some evidence supports the efficacy of a variety of pharmacologic 

and non-pharmacologic interventions to reduce dyspnea in cancer and non-cancer conditions. 

Studies of opiates have been promising, although these studies are small and heterogeneous. The 

basic epidemiology and clinical interpretation or meaning of dyspnea in cancer and non-cancer 

conditions need to be better described. As with other symptoms, research on implementation of 

known better practices remains a priority. 

With regard to depression and anxiety, and behavioral symptoms in dementia, the 

preponderance of evidence supports the effectiveness of pharmacologic interventions for 

depression in cancer; however, few of these studies focused on patients with later-stage cancer or 

in palliative care clinical settings. A variety of studies support the efficacy of non-pharmacologic 

interventions. We also need to understand the sequencing and combining of pharmacological and 

non-pharmacological therapies. In addition, the research to date does not adequately characterize 

the merits of controlled environments, environmental stimulation, and medication in 

ameliorating behavioral symptoms. These observations give rise to the following 

recommendations: 
105

• Consideration 5: Symptoms have been relatively well characterized in cancer, but 

high-quality studies of the incidence and epidemiology of pain and other symptoms, 

the relationship among symptoms, and the clinical significance of symptoms are 

needed in non-cancer conditions. 

• Consideration 6: Small, high-quality studies suggest the effectiveness of 

interventions to alleviate dyspnea. Larger studies of interventions to alleviate 

dyspnea in cancer and non-cancer conditions are needed. 

• Consideration 7: Studies that evaluate short-term as well as longer-term treatment 

of depression in palliative care settings are needed. 

Caregiving 

With regard to caregiving, we noted a lack of intervention outcome evaluation designs and a 

reliance on intervention descriptions and formative evaluations in the literature. Caregiver 

outcome studies suffer from small sample sizes and the predominant use of convenience 

samples. Many studies were non-randomized and characterized by sampling homogeneity (e.g., 

little diversity in the characteristics of caregivers and care receivers). Interventions vary widely 

and caregivers were rarely screened prior to study entry for problems or need related to the 

specific intervention being tested or the measured outcomes. There is confusion in the field 

concerning the operationalization and measurement of major caregiver outcomes, diversity in 

length, duration, and intensity of specific interventions strategies. In addition, a better match 

between interventions and outcomes is needed. There was also little research to systematically 

evaluate variability in cultural expectations of care. 

Methodological challenges in studying these interventions may mean that alternatives to 

randomized controlled trials should be welcomed as the best available data. Most caregiving 

literature has found that, while caregivers rate interventions favorably, objective and subjective 

indicators of overall burden show little change. It is critical to identify specific outcomes most 

likely to be changed by the intervention employed. Burden may be too global and 

multidimensional to be affected by interventions because it has both subjective and objective 

qualities and there is a lack of conceptual clarity about what actually differentiates the subjective 

from the objective.376 Measures of objective burden often ask the respondent how they “feel” 

about a particular caregiving situation or the impact of caregiving. Many measures of burden 

may not sufficiently differentiate between objective tasks and feelings about the experience of 

caregiving. 

Future research in family caregiving needs to increase sample sizes and homogeneity. 

Attention is also needed to determine whether standardized or individualized interventions 

produce the best outcomes in family caregivers. Theoretically, those interventions linked to 

caregiver needs should produce the best outcomes, but this idea must be tested and validated or 

refuted. Researchers must also evaluate the optimal length, duration, and intensity of specific 

intervention strategies. Researchers must select outcomes that are likely to be changed by the 

intervention being tested. Caregiver research must also account for financial and social effects of 

caregiving upon the caregiver and the family, and the societal vision of optimal family 

caregiving is itself worthy of research, especially regarding cultural expectations of care. 
106

• Consideration 8: Limited research supports the effectiveness of interventions for 

cancer and dementia caregiving. High-quality studies in other populations are 

needed. These studies need to pay special attention to such methodologic issues as 

careful sample selection and measurement of specific outcome variables that reflect 

intervention aims. 

• Consideration 9: The economic and social dimensions of caregiving need 

additional research.

Continuity of Services 

The models of service delivery that yield optimal outcomes for patients and families are not 

yet clear. Research on integrated delivery models, such as PACE and hospice, have been 

descriptively useful, but well-controlled studies are rare. Research on primary care and simple 

continuity has not generally examined patients so sick as to be at the end of life. Our review 

provided limited evidence for the ability of interventions to improve what we have designated as 

management continuity at the end of life—partly, this may be related to the measures used, 

which are often focused on such indirect outcomes as site of death. We found more evidence for 

the ability to improve continuity of care related to communication. 

Studies of continuity in CHF are very promising, and successful approaches to fostering 

continuity in CHF share some important features with multi-component palliative care 

interventions. Despite the strengths of this literature, limitations in the interventions, measures, 

and exclusionary criteria that characterize these studies restrict their usefulness in understanding 

how to achieve palliative goals for these patients. Studies that incorporate these considerations 

are needed to broaden our understanding of how to serve the sickest patients with CHF and 

similar conditions. Our recommendations include: 

• Consideration 10: Substantial evidence supports interventions to improve 

continuity between home and hospital. Continuity research needs to look at other 

settings in which most patients are cared for—e.g., ambulatory care. Additional 

study of nursing home–hospital continuity and studies that incorporate multiple 

settings and providers are needed. 

• Consideration 11: Studies of continuity in CHF and other conditions should 

incorporate the palliative domains described above (e.g., physical and psychological 

symptoms, caregiver burden, advance care planning) and need to be more 

generalizable to the sickest patients. Such studies need to include patients with 

multiple comorbidities.

Advance Care Planning 

A fully informative research base would address the plausibility and outcomes of making 

advance care plans for future clinical scenarios for a diverse array of patients and would evaluate 

the optimal approach to implementing care system processes that yield better outcomes. The 

reported experience in La Crosse and the Veterans Health System suggests that it might be 

possible to document advance directives more commonly. However, advance care planning was 

associated with only minor changes in ICU time or costs and with no effect in the few RCTs that 

have addressed the issue. Most studies of the effectiveness of advance care planning are 

negative, studied small samples in one site, and are several years old. 
107

The clinical situation often seems to call for anticipating what might otherwise be harmful 

complications, rather than to call for advance care planning as an expression of autonomy. But 

does considering future complications and the expected worsening of health benefit patients and 

families? Can it be done in a reasonable time, can decisions and plans be implemented over time 

and across settings? The generally lackluster performance of advance directives and advance 

care planning leads some to question whether alternative approaches to reducing the use of 

certain high-intensity treatments might be evaluated, at least in some circumstances. For 

example, rather than having every patient and family with early dementia document a decision 

about artificial feeding, it may be better to assume that patients with advanced dementia should 

not get a feeding tube unless the patient or family actively seek such treatment. Or it may be that 

improving advance care planning requires widespread community activation, as in the example 

of Oregon. 

However, alternative approaches to advance care planning might have unanticipated effects. 

For example, will patients and families also be less informed about diagnosis and prognosis? 

Would certain approaches affect the ability of patients and families to engage in practical 

planning for family support and caregiving? The persistently limited success of advance care 

planning as shown in limited research also calls out for reevaluating more fundamental 

assumptions—such as that the future is largely shaped by decisions, that those decisions 

generally can be examined in terms of optimizing outcomes, that people have important and 

persistent preferences among the possible outcomes, and that they are willing to articulate 

decisions and abide by them. 

• Consideration 12: Rigorous research in advance care planning is needed to 

understand how to best achieve patient and family goals (as opposed to evaluating 

resource allocation), and such research needs to address fundamental processes of 

care planning. 

109

Reference List 

 1. Hogan C, Lynn J, Gabel J, Lunney J, Mara A, 

Wilkinson A. Medicare beneficiaries’ costs and 

use of care in the last year of life. Washington, 

DC: The Medicare Payment Advisory 

Commission. 2000. 

 2. Center for Disease Control. Deaths: Preliminary 

Data for 2002. 

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/releases/04news/infant

mort.htm. Accessed February 18, 2004. 

 3. Institute for the Future. Health and Healthcare 

2010: The Forecast, The Challenge. Princeton, 

NJ: Jossey-Bass; 2003. 

 4. Kaye S, LaPlante MP, Carlson D, Wenger BL. 

Trends in disability rates in the United States, 

1970-1994. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services. 1996. 

 5. Anderson G, Horvarth J, Anderson C. Chronic 

conditions: Making the case for ongoing care. 

Baltimore, MD. 2002. 

 6. Freedman VA, Aykan H, Martin LG . Aggregate 

changes in severe cognitive impairment among 

older Americans: 1993 and 1998. J Gerontol B 

Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2001 ;56(2):S100-11. 

 7. Freedman VA, Martin LG. Understanding trends 

in functional limitations among older Americans. 

Am J Public Health 1998;88(10):1457-62. 

 8. Gill TM, Desai MM, Gahbauer EA, et al. 

Restricted activity among community-living 

older persons: incidence, precipitants, and health 

care utilization. Ann Intern Med 

2001;135(5):313-21. 

 9. Fried LP, Guralnik JM. Disability in older adults: 

evidence regarding significance, etiology, and 

risk. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45(1):92-100. 

 10. Sharma R, Chan S, Liu H, Ginsberg C. Health 

and health care of the Medicare population: Data 

from the 1997 Medicare current beneficiary 

survey. Rockville, MD: Westat. 2001. 

 11. Manton KG, Corder LS, Stallard E. Estimates of 

change in chronic disability and institutional 

incidence and prevalence rates in the U.S. elderly 

population from the 1982, 1984, and 1989 

National Long Term Care Survey. J Gerontol 

1993;48(4):S153-66. 

 12. Carter GT, Bednar-Butler LM, Abresch RT, et al. 

Expanding the role of hospice care in 

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 1999;16(6):707-10. Comment in: Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care. 1999 Nov-Dec;16(6):696-7. 

PMID: 11094904. 

 13. Cornoni-Huntley JC, Foley DJ, White LR, et al. 

Epidemiology of disability in the oldest old: 

methodologic issues and preliminary findings. 

Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc 

1985;63(2):350-76. 

 14. U.S. Census Bureau. Projections of the resident 

population by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 

1999 to 2100. Washington, DC: U.S. Department 

of Commerce. Internet release NP-D1-A. 

http://www.census.gov/population/www/projecti

ons/natdet-DIA.html. 2000. 

 15. Freedman VA, Martin LG, Schoeni RF. Recent 

trends in disability and functioning among older 

adults in the United States: a systematic review. 

JAMA 2002;288(24):3137-46. 

 16. Alemayehu B, Warner KE. The lifetime 

distribution of health care costs. Health Serv Res 

2004;39(3):627-42. 

 17. Yang Z, Norton EC, Stearns SC. Longevity and 

health care expenditures: the real reasons older 

people spend more. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc 

Sci 2003;58(1):S2-10. 

 18. Hoover DR, Crystal S, Kumar R, et al. Medical 

expenditures during the last year of life: findings 

from the 1992-1996 Medicare current beneficiary 

survey. Health Serv Res 2002;37(6):1625-42. 

 19. Shugarman LR, Campbell DE, Bird CE, et al. 

Differences in Medicare expenditures during the 

last 3 years of life. J Gen Intern Med 

2004;19(2):127-35. 

 20. Lubitz J, Cai L, Kramarow E, et al. Health, life 

expectancy, and health care spending among the 

elderly. N Engl J Med 2003;349(11):1048-55. 

 21. George LK. Research design in end-of-life 

research: state of science. Gerontologist 2002;42 

Spec No 3:86-98. 

 22. Patrick DL, Curtis JR, Engelberg RA, et al. 

Measuring and improving the quality of dying 

and death. Ann Intern Med 2003;139(5 Pt 2):410-

5. 
110

 23. Hanson LC, Danis M, Garrett J. What is wrong 

with end-of-life care? Opinions of bereaved 

family members. J Am Geriatr Soc 

1997;45(11):1339-44. 

 24. Singer PA, Martin DK, Kelner M . Quality endof-life care: patients’ perspectives. JAMA 

1999;281( 2):163-8. Comment in: JAMA. 1999 

Apr 28;281(16):1488. PMID: 10227311. 

 25. Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, et al. 

Preparing for the end of life: preferences of 

patients, families, physicians, and other care 

providers. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;22(3):727-37. 

 26. Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, et al. 

Factors considered important at the end of life by 

patients, family, physicians, and other care 

providers. JAMA 2000;284(19):2476-82. 

 27. Teno JM, Clarridge BR, Casey V, et al. Family 

perspectives on end-of-life care at the last place 

of care. JAMA 2004;291(1):88-93. Comment in: 

JAMA. 2004 Mar 24;291(12):1445-6; author 

reply 1446. PMID: 15039410. 

 28. Pierson CM, Curtis JR, Patrick DL. A good 

death: a qualitative study of patients with 

advanced AIDS. AIDS Care 2002;14(5):587-98. 

 29. Wenrich MD, Curtis JR, Ambrozy DA, et al. 

Dying patients’ need for emotional support and 

personalized care from physicians: perspectives 

of patients with terminal illness, families, and 

health care providers. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;25(3):236-46. 

 30. Teno J. TIME: Toolkit of Instruments to Measure 

End-of-life Care. available at URL: 

http://www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/toolkit.htm. 

Accessed 8/6/2004. 

 31. Teno JM, Clarridge B, Casey V, et al. Validation 

of Toolkit After-Death Bereaved Family Member 

Interview. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;22(3):752-8. 

 32. National Cancer Policy Board. Improving 

palliative care for cancer: Summary and 

recommendations. Washington, DC: Institute of 

Medicine; 2001. 

 33. Institute of Medicine. Approaching death: 

Improving care at the end of life. Washington 

DC: National Academies Press; 1997. 

 34. Carr D, Goudas L, Lawrence D, et. al. 

Management of cancer symptoms: pain, 

depression, and fatigue. Evidence 

report/technology assessment No. 61 (Prepared 

by the New England Medical Center Evidencebased Practice Center under Contract No 290-97-

0019). AHRQ Publication No. 02-E032. 

Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care 

Research and Quality. July 2002. 

 35. Institute of Medicine. 1st Annual Crossing the 

Quality Chasm Summit; In Press. Expected Sept 

2004: 2004. 

 36. Cleeland CS, Gonin R, Hatfield AK, et al. Pain 

and its treatment in outpatients with metastatic 

cancer. N Engl J Med 1994;330(9):592-6. 

 37. Morrison RS, Wallenstein S, Natale DK, et al. 

“We don’t carry that”--failure of pharmacies in 

predominantly nonwhite neighborhoods to stock 

opioid analgesics. N Engl J Med 

2000;342(14):1023-6. 

 38. Levenson JW, McCarthy EP, Lynn J, et al. The 

last six months of life for patients with congestive 

heart failure. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S101-9. 

 39. Lynn J, Teno JM, Phillips RS, et al. Perceptions 

by family members of the dying experience of 

older and seriously ill patients. SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatments. Ann Intern Med 1997;126(2):97-106. 

Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1997 Aug 

1;127(3):242-3. PMID: 9245235. Comment in: 

Ann Intern Med. 1997 Aug 1;127(3):242; author 

reply 243. PMID: 9245234. Comment in: Ann 

Intern Med. 1997 Aug 1;127(3):243. PMID: 

9245236. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1. 

 40. Claessens MT, Lynn J, Zhong Z, et al. Dying 

with lung cancer or chronic obstructive 

pulmonary disease: insights from SUPPORT. 

Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences 

for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S146-53. 

 41. Gore JM, Brophy CJ, Greenstone MA. How well 

do we care for patients with end stage chronic 

obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? A 

comparison of palliative care and quality of life 

in COPD and lung cancer. Thorax 

2000;55(12):1000-6. Comment in: Thorax. 2000 

Dec;55(12):979-81. PMID: 11083879. 

 42. Lloyd-Williams M, Dennis M, Taylor F, et al. Is 

asking patients in palliative care, “are you 

depressed?” Appropriate? Prospective study. 

BMJ 2003;327(7411):372-3. 
111

 43. NIH State-of-the-Science Statement on symptom 

management in cancer: pain, depression, and 

fatigue. NIH Consens State Sci Statements 

2002;19(4):1-29. 

 44. Hart DJ, Craig D, Compton SA, et al. A 

retrospective study of the behavioural and 

psychological symptoms of mid and late phase 

Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2003;18(11):1037-42. 

 45. Bartels SJ, Horn SD, Smout RJ, et al. Agitation 

and depression in frail nursing home elderly 

patients with dementia: treatment characteristics 

and service use. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003;11 

(2):231-8. 

 46. Wolfson C, Wolfson DB, Asgharian M, et al. A 

reevaluation of the duration of survival after the 

onset of dementia. N Engl J Med 

2001;344(15):1111-6. 

 47. Yamamoto-Mitani N, Aneshensel CS, LevyStorms L. Patterns of family visiting with 

institutionalized elders: the case of dementia. J 

Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 

2002;57(4):S234-46. 

 48. Tornatore JB, Grant LA. Burden among family 

caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease in 

nursing homes. Gerontologist 2002;42(4):497-

506. 

 49. Schulz R, Belle SH, Czaja SJ, et al. Long-term 

care placement of dementia patients and 

caregiver health and well-being. JAMA 

2004;292(8):961-7. 

 50. Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, et al. 

Understanding economic and other burdens of 

terminal illness: the experience of patients and 

their caregivers. Annals of Internal Medicine 

2000;132(6):451-9. 

 51. Covinsky KE, Goldman L, Cook EF, et al. The 

impact of serious illness on patients’ families. 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand 

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatment. JAMA 1994;272(23):1839-

44. 

 52. Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, et al. 

Understanding economic and other burdens of 

terminal illness: the experience of patients and 

their caregivers. Ann Intern Med 

2000;132(6):451-9. 

 53. Himmelstein DU, Thorne D, Warren E, et al. 

Medical Bankruptcy. J Gen Intern Med 

2003;18(Supp 1):221. 

 54. Covinsky KE, Landefeld CS, Teno J, et al. Is 

economic hardship on the families of the 

seriously ill associated with patient and surrogate 

care preferences? SUPPORT Investigators. Arch 

Intern Med 1996;156(15):1737-41. 

 55. Haggerty JL, Reid RJ, Freeman GK, et al. 

Continuity of care: a multidisciplinary review. 

BMJ 2003;327(7425):1219-21. 

 56. Boockvar K, Fishman E, Kyriacou CK, et al. 

Adverse events due to discontinuations in drug 

use and dose changes in patients transferred 

between acute and long-term care facilities. Arch 

Intern Med 2004;164(5):545-50. 

 57. Saliba D, Kington R, Buchanan J, et al. 

Appropriateness of the decision to transfer 

nursing facility residents to the hospital. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 2000;48(2):154-63. 

 58. Intrator O, Castle NG, Mor V. Facility 

characteristics associated with hospitalization of 

nursing home residents: results of a national 

study. Med Care 1999;37(3):228-37. 

 59. Teno JM, Clarridge BR, Casey V, et al. Family 

perspectives on end-of-life care at the last place 

of care. JAMA 2004;291(1):88-93. 

 60. Teno JM, Lynn J. Putting advance-care planning 

into action. J Clin Ethics 1996;7(3):205-13. 

 61. Gillick MR. Advance care planning. N Engl J 

Med 2004;350(1):7-8. 

 62. Lunney JR, Lynn J, Foley DJ, et al. Patterns of 

functional decline at the end of life. JAMA 

2003;289(18):2387-92. 

 63. Teno JM, Weitzen S, Fennell ML, et al. Dying 

trajectory in the last year of life: does cancer 

trajectory fit other diseases? J Palliat Med 

2001;4(4):457-64. 

 64. Knaus WA, Harrell FE Jr, Lynn J, et al. The 

SUPPORT prognostic model. Objective estimates 

of survival for seriously ill hospitalized adults. 

Study to understand prognoses and preferences 

for outcomes and risks of treatments. Ann Intern 

Med 1995;122(3):191-203. 

 65. Covinsky KE, Eng C, Lui LY, et al. The last 2 

years of life: functional trajectories of frail older 

people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(4):492-8. 

 66. Finlay IG, Higginson IJ, Goodwin DM, et al. 

Palliative care in hospital, hospice, at home: 

results from a systematic review. Ann Oncol 

2002;13 Suppl 4:257-64. 
112

 67. Hearn J, Higginson IJ. Do specialist palliative 

care teams improve outcomes for cancer patients? 

A systematic literature review. Palliat Med 

1998;12(5):317-32. 

 68. Allard P, Maunsell E, Labbe J, et al. Educational 

interventions to improve cancer pain control: a 

systematic review. J Palliat Med 2001;4(2):191-

203. 

 69. Devine EC. Meta-analysis of the effect of 

psychoeducational interventions on pain in adults 

with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2003;30(1):75-

89. 

 70. Jones J, Hunter D. Consensus methods for 

medical and health services research. BMJ 

1995;311( 7001):376-80. 

 71. Donabedian A. Explorations in Quality 

Assessment and Monitoring Volume I: The 

Definition of Quality and Approaches to its 

Assessment. Ann Arbor, MI: Health 

Administration Press. 1980. 

 72. Gysels M, Higginson IJ., eds. Improving 

supportive and palliative care for adults with 

cancer. Research Evidence Manual. London, 

National Institute of Clinical Excellence. 2003. 

URL: 

(http://www.nice.org.uk/podf/SupportivePalliativ

e_Research_Evidence_SecondDons.pdf) 

 73. Cook AM, Finlay IG, Edwards AG, et al. 

Efficiency of searching the grey literature in 

palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;22(3):797-801. 

 74. Higginson IJ, Finlay IG, Goodwin DM, Cook 

AM, Edwards AGK, Hood K, et al. The role of 

palliative care teams: a systematic review of their 

effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Report to 

Wales Office of Research and Development of 

the National Assembly of Wales. London, 

Department of Palliative Care and Policy. 2000. 

 75. Alderson P, Green S, Higgins JPT. Cochrane 

Reviewers’ Handbook 4.2.2 [Updated December 

2003]. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2004. 

Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2004. 

 76. Sutton AJ, Abrams KR, Jones DR, Sheldon TA, 

Song F. Methods for Meta-Analysis in Medical 

Research. Wiley Series in Probability and 

Statistics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. 

2000. 

 77. Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, et al. Improving 

the quality of reports of meta-analyses of 

randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM 

statement. Quality of Reporting of Metaanalyses. Lancet 1999;354(9193):1896-900. 

 78. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Metaanalysis of observational studies in 

epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Metaanalysis Of Observational Studies in 

Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 

2000;283(15):2008-12. 

 79. Colquitt J, Clegg A, Sidhu M, et al. Surgery for 

morbid obesity (Cochrane Review). Cochrane 

Database Syst Rev 2003;(2):CD003641. 

 80. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing 

the quality of reports of randomized clinical 

trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 

1996;17(1):1-12. 

 81. Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern 

Epidemiology. Philadelphia, PA: LippincottRaven Publishers. 1998. 

 82. Wilkinson EK, Salisbury C, Bosanquet N, et al. 

Patient and carer preference for, and satisfaction 

with, specialist models of palliative care: a 

systematic literature review. Palliat Med 1999;13 

(3):197-216. 

 83. Grande GE, Todd CJ, Barclay SI, et al. A 

randomized controlled trial of a hospital at home 

service for the terminally ill. Palliat Med 

2000;14(5):375-85. 

 84. Ringdal GI, Jordhoy MS, Kaasa S. Family 

satisfaction with end-of-life care for cancer 

patients in a cluster randomized trial. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;24(1):53-63. 

 85. Hanks GW, Robbins M, Sharp D, et al. The 

imPaCT study: a randomised controlled trial to 

evaluate a hospital palliative care team. Br J 

Cancer 2002;87(7):733-9. 

 86. Rabow MW, Dibble SL, Pantilat SZ, et al. The 

comprehensive care team: a controlled trial of 

outpatient palliative medicine consultation. Arch 

Intern Med 2004;164(1):83-91. 

 87. Brumley RD, Enguidanos S, Cherin DA. 

Effectiveness of a home-based palliative care 

program for end-of-life. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(5):715-24. 
113

 88. Weisbord SD, Carmody SS, Bruns FJ, et al. 

Symptom burden, quality of life, advance care 

planning and the potential value of palliative care 

in severely ill haemodialysis patients. Nephrol 

Dial Transplant 2003;18(7):1345-52. Comment 

in: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 

Dec;18(12):2688. PMID: 14605313. 

 89. Riegel B, Carlson B, Kopp Z, et al. Effect of a 

standardized nurse case-management telephone 

intervention on resource use in patients with 

chronic heart failure. Arch Intern Med 

2002;162(6):705-12. Comment in: Arch Intern 

Med. 2002 Oct 14;162(18):2142-3; author reply 

2143. PMID: 12374530. 

 90. Bruera E, Pituskin E, Calder K, et al. The 

addition of an audiocassette recording of a 

consultation to written recommendations for 

patients with advanced cancer: A randomized, 

controlled trial. Cancer 1999;86(11):2420-5. 

 91. Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, Teetzel HD, et al. 

Effect of ethics consultations on nonbeneficial 

life-sustaining treatments in the intensive care 

setting: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 

2003;290(9):1166-72. 

 92. Molloy DW, Guyatt GH, Russo R, et al. 

Systematic implementation of an advance 

directive program in nursing homes: a 

randomized controlled trial. JAMA 

2000;283(11):1437-44. 

 93. Guyatt GH, Mitchell A, Molloy DW, et al. 

Measuring patient and relative satisfaction with 

level or aggressiveness of care and involvement 

in care decisions in the context of life threatening 

illness. J Clin Epidemiol 1995;48(10):1215-24. 

 94. Bookbinder M, Coyle N, Kiss M, et al. 

Implementing national standards for cancer pain 

management: program model and evaluation. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 1996;12(6):334-47; 

discussion 331-3. 

 95. Pietersma P, Follett-Bick S, Wilkinson B, et al. A 

bedside food cart as an alternate food service for 

acute and palliative oncological patients. Support 

Care Cancer 2003;11(9):611-4. 

 96. Baker R, Wu AW, Teno JM et al. Family 

satisfaction with end-of-life care in seriously ill 

hospitalized adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S61-9. 

 97. Heyland DK, Rocker GM, O’Callaghan CJ, et al. 

Dying in the ICU: perspectives of family 

members. Chest 2003;124(1):392-7. Comment in: 

Chest. 2003 Jul;124(1):11-2. PMID: 12853494. 

 98. Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM. Patients’ ratings of 

quality and satisfaction with care at the end of 

life. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(18):2098-104. 

 99. Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, et al. 

Factors considered important at the end of life by 

patients, family, physicians, and other care 

providers. JAMA 2000;284(19):2476-82. 

100. Zhukovsky DS, Gorowski E, Hausdorff J, et al. 

Unmet analgesic needs in cancer patients. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 1995;10(2):113-9. 

101. Malacrida R, Bettelini CM, Degrate A, et al. 

Reasons for dissatisfaction: a survey of relatives 

of intensive care patients who died. Crit Care 

Med 1998;26(7):1187-93. Comment in: Crit Care 

Med. 1998 Jul;26(7):1150-1. PMID: 9671355. 

Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan;28(1):289-

90. PMID: 10667559. 

102. Larsson BW, Larsson G, Carlson SR. Advanced 

home care: patients’ opinions on quality 

compared with those of family members. J Clin 

Nurs 2004;13(2):226-33. 

103. Kane RL, Homyak P, Bershadsky B, et al. 

Consumer responses to the Wisconsin 

Partnership Program for Elderly Persons: a 

variation on the PACE Model. J Gerontol A Biol 

Sci Med Sci 2002;57(4):M250-8. 

104. Higginson IJ, Costantini M. Communication in 

end-of-life cancer care: a comparison of team 

assessments in three European countries. J Clin 

Oncol 2002;20(17):3674-82. 

105. Tierney RM, Horton SM, Hannan TJ, et al. 

Relationships between symptom relief, quality of 

life, and satisfaction with hospice care. Palliat 

Med 1998;12(5 ):333-44. 

106. Miceli PJ, Mylod DE. Satisfaction of families 

using end-of-life care: current successes and 

challenges in the hospice industry. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2003;20(5):360-70. 

107. Fakhoury W, McCarthy M, Addington-Hall J. 

Determinants of informal caregivers’ satisfaction 

with services for dying cancer patients. Soc Sci 

Med 1996;42(5):721-31. 

108. Fakhoury WK, McCarthy M, Addington-Hall J. 

The effects of the clinical characteristics of dying 

cancer patients on informal caregivers’ 

satisfaction with palliative care. Palliat Med 

1997;11(2):107-15. 
114

109. Kristjanson LJ, Leis A, Koop PM, et al. Family 

members’ care expectations, care perceptions, 

and satisfaction with advanced cancer care: 

results of a multi-site pilot study. J Palliat Care 

1997;13(4):5-13. 

110. Tolle SW, Tilden VP, Rosenfeld AG, et al. 

Family reports of barriers to optimal care of the 

dying. Nurs Res 2000;49 (6):310-7. 

111. Dawson NJ. Need satisfaction in terminal care 

settings. Soc Sci Med 1991;32(1 ):83-7. 

112. Jacoby A, Lecouturier J, Bradshaw C, et al. 

Feasibility of using postal questionnaires to 

examine carer satisfaction with palliative care: a 

methodological assessment. South Tyneside 

MAAG Palliative Care Study Group. Palliat Med 

1999;13(4 ):285-98. 

113. Volicer L, Hurley AC, Blasi ZV. Scales for 

evaluation of End-of-Life Care in Dementia. 

Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2001;15(4):194-

200. 

114. Tilden VP, Tolle SW, Drach LL, et al. Out-ofHospital Death: Advance Care Planning, 

Decedent Symptoms, and Caregiver Burden. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(4):532-9. 

115. Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Stukel TA, et al. The 

implications of regional variations in Medicare 

spending. Part 2: health outcomes and 

satisfaction with care. Ann Intern Med 

2003;138(4):288-98. Comment in: Ann Intern 

Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):347-8. PMID: 

12585834. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2003 

Feb 18;138(4):348-9. PMID: 12585835. 

Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 

18;138(4):350-1. PMID: 12585836. Comment in: 

Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jan . 

116. Cohen SR, Leis A. What determines the quality 

of life of terminally ill cancer patients from their 

own perspective? J Palliat Care 2002;18(1):48-

58. 

117. Conley VM, Burman ME. Informational needs of 

caregivers of terminal patients in a rural state. 

Home Healthc Nurse 1997;15(11):808-17. 

118. Farber SJ, Egnew TR, Herman-Bertsch JL, et al. 

Issues in end-of-life care: patient, caregiver, and 

clinician perceptions. J Palliat Med 2003;6(1):19-

31. 

119. Hanson LC, Henderson M, Menon M. As 

individual as death itself: a focus group study of 

terminal care in nursing homes. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(1):117-25. 

120. Jacobs LG, Bonuck K, Burton W, et al. Hospital 

care at the end of life: an institutional assessment. 

J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24(3):291-8. 

121. Jarrett NJ, Payne SA, Wiles RA. Terminally ill 

patients’ and lay-carers’ perceptions and 

experiences of community-based services. J Adv 

Nurs 1999;29(2):476-83. 

122. Jones RV, Hansford J, Fiske J . Death from 

cancer at home: the carers’ perspective. BMJ 

1993;306(6872):249-51. Comment in: BMJ. 1993 

Mar 6;306(6878):648-9. PMID: 8461826. 

Comment in: BMJ. 1993 Mar 6;306(6878):649. 

PMID: 8461827. 

123. Kirchhoff KT, Walker L, Hutton A, et al. The 

vortex: families’ experiences with death in the 

intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care 

2002;11(3):200-9. 

124. McCain NL, Gramling LF. Living with dying: 

coping with HIV disease. Issues Ment Health 

Nurs 1992;13(3):271-84. 

125. Murray SA, Boyd K, Kendall M, et al. Dying of 

lung cancer or cardiac failure: prospective 

qualitative interview study of patients and their 

carers in the community. BMJ 

2002;325(7370):929. Comment in: BMJ. 2002 

Oct 26;325(7370):915-6. PMID: 12399323. 

126. Proot IM, Abu-Saad HH, Crebolder HF, et al. 

Vulnerability of family caregivers in terminal 

palliative care at home; balancing between 

burden and capacity. Scand J Caring Sci 

2003;17(2):113-21. 

127. Rabow MW, Schanche K, Petersen J, et al. 

Patient perceptions of an outpatient palliative 

care intervention: “It had been on my mind 

before, but I did not know how to start talking 

about death...”. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;26(5):1010-5. 

128. Rasmussen BH, Jansson L, Norberg A. Striving 

for becoming at-home in the midst of dying. Am 

J Hosp Palliat Care 2000;17(1):31-43. 

129. Raynes NV, Leach JM, Rawlings B, et al. Using 

focus groups to seek the views of patients dying 

from cancer about the care they receive. Health 

Expect 2000;3(3):169-175. 

130. Richardson J. Health promotion in palliative care: 

the patients’ perception of therapeutic interaction 

with the palliative nurse in the primary care 

setting. J Adv Nurs 2002;40(4):432-40. 
115

131. Ross LA. Elderly patients’ perceptions of their 

spiritual needs and care: a pilot study. J Adv Nurs 

1997;26(4):710-5. 

132. Sinding C. Disarmed complaints: unpacking 

satisfaction with end-of-life care. Soc Sci Med 

2003;57(8):1375-85. 

133. Steinhauser KE, Clipp EC, McNeilly M, et al. In 

search of a good death: observations of patients, 

families, and providers. Ann Intern Med 

2000;132(10):825-32. 

134. Stiles MK. The shining stranger: application of 

the phenomenological method in the 

investigation of the nurse--family spiritual 

relationship. Cancer Nurs 1994;17(1):18-26. 

135. Sunvisson H, Ekman SL. Environmental 

influences on the experiences of people with 

Parkinson’s disease. Nurs Inq 2001;8(1):41-50. 

136. Thomas J, Retsas A. Transacting selfpreservation: a grounded theory of the spiritual 

dimensions of people with terminal cancer. Int J 

Nurs Stud 1999;36(3):191-201. 

137. Vig EK, Davenport NA, Pearlman RA. Good 

deaths, bad deaths, and preferences for the end of 

life: a qualitative study of geriatric outpatients. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(9):1541-8. 

138. Vig EK, Pearlman RA. Quality of life while 

dying: a qualitative study of terminally ill older 

men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(11):1595-601. 

139. Wenrich MD, Curtis JR, Ambrozy DA, et al. 

Dying patients’ need for emotional support and 

personalized care from physicians: perspectives 

of patients with terminal illness, families, and 

health care providers. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;25(3):236-46. 

140. Wright K. Relationships with death: the 

terminally ill talk about dying. J Marital Fam 

Ther 2003;29(4):439-53. 

141. Yedidia MJ, MacGregor B. Confronting the 

prospect of dying. reports of terminally ill 

patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;22(4):807-19. 

142. Braun KL, Zir A. Roles for the church in 

improving end-of-life care: perceptions of 

Christian clergy and laity. Death Stud 

2001;25(8):685-704. 

143. Chochinov HM, Hack T, McClement S, et al. 

Dignity in the terminally ill: a developing 

empirical model. Soc Sci Med 2002;54(3):433-

43. 

144. Eliott J, Olver I. The discursive properties of 

“hope”: a qualitative analysis of cancer patients’ 

speech. Qual Health Res 2002;12(2):173-93. 

145. McNamara B, Waddell C, Colvin M. The 

institutionalization of the good death. Soc Sci 

Med 1994;39(11):1501-8. 

146. Raftery JP, Addington-Hall JM, MacDonald LD, 

et al. A randomized controlled trial of the costeffectiveness of a district co-ordinating service 

for terminally ill cancer patients. Palliat Med 

1996;10(2):151-61. 

147. Hughes SL, Weaver FM, Giobbie-Hurder A, et 

al. Effectiveness of team-managed home-based 

primary care: a randomized multicenter trial. 

JAMA 2000;284(22):2877-85. 

148. Cohen SR, Mount BM, Tomas JJ, et al. 

Existential well-being is an important 

determinant of quality of life. Evidence from the 

McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire. Cancer 

1996;77(3):576-86. 

149. Byock IR, Merriman MP. Measuring quality of 

life for patients with terminal illness: the 

Missoula-VITAS quality of life index. Palliat 

Med 1998;12(4):231-44. 

150. Kyriaki M, Eleni T, Efi P, et al. The EORTC core 

quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-C30, version 

3.0) in terminally ill cancer patients under 

palliative care: validity and reliability in a 

Hellenic sample. Int J Cancer 2001;94(1):135-9. 

151. Herndon JE 2nd, Fleishman S, Kosty MP, et al. A 

longitudinal study of quality of life in advanced 

non-small cell lung cancer: Cancer and Leukemia 

Group B (CALGB) 8931. Control Clin Trials 

1997;18 (4):286-300. Comment in: Control Clin 

Trials. 1997 Aug;18(4):306-10. PMID: 9257069. 

Comment in: Control Clin Trials. 1997 

Aug;18(4):311-7. PMID: 9257070. 

152. Guo H, Fine PG, Mendoza TR, et al. A 

preliminary study of the utility of the brief 

hospice inventory. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;22(2):637-48. 

153. Llobera J, Esteva M, Benito E, et al. Quality of 

life for oncology patients during the terminal 

period. Validation of the HRCA-QL index. 

Support Care Cancer 2003;11(5):294-303. 
116

154. Sterkenburg CA, King B, Woodward CA. A 

reliability and validity study of the McMaster 

Quality of Life Scale (MQLS) for a palliative 

population. J Palliat Care 1996;12(1):18-25. 

155. Mystakidou K, Tsilika E, Kouloulias V, et al. The 

“Palliative Care Quality of Life Instrument 

(PQLI)” in terminal cancer patients. Health Qual 

Life Outcomes 2004;2(1):8. 

156. Giorgi F, Cellerino R, Gramazio A, et al. 

Assessing quality of life in patients with cancer: a 

comparison of a visual-analogue and a 

categorical model. Am J Clin Oncol 

1996;19(4):394-9. 

157. Green CP, Porter CB, Bresnahan DR, et al. 

Development and evaluation of the Kansas City 

Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: a new health 

status measure for heart failure. J Am Coll 

Cardiol 2000;35 (5):1245-55. 

158. Higginson IJ, McCarthy M. Validity of the 

support team assessment schedule: do staffs’ 

ratings reflect those made by patients or their 

families? Palliat Med 1993;7(3):219-28. 

159. Carson MG, Fitch MI, Vachon ML. Measuring 

patient outcomes in palliative care: a reliability 

and validity study of the Support Team 

Assessment Schedule. Palliat Med 

2000;14(1):25-36. 

160. Steinhauser KE, Bosworth HB, Clipp EC, et al. 

Initial assessment of a new instrument to measure 

quality of life at the end of life. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(6):829-41. 

161. Salmon P, Manzi F, Valori RM. Measuring the 

meaning of life for patients with incurable 

cancer: the life evaluation questionnaire (LEQ). 

Eur J Cancer 1996;32A(5):755-60. 

162. Kristjanson LJ. Validity and reliability testing of 

the FAMCARE Scale: measuring family 

satisfaction with advanced cancer care. Social 

Science & Medicine 1993;36(5):693-701. 

163. Patrick DL, Engelberg RA, Curtis JR. Evaluating 

the quality of dying and death. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2001;22(3):717-26. 

164. Curtis JR, Patrick DL, Engelberg RA, et al. A 

measure of the quality of dying and death. Initial 

validation using after-death interviews with 

family members. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;24(1):17-31. 

165. Hodde NM, Engelberg RA, Treece PD, et al. 

Factors associated with nurse assessment of the 

quality of dying and death in the intensive care 

unit. Crit Care Med 2004;32(8):1648-53. 

166. Mularski R, Randall C, Osborne M, Engelberg R, 

Ganzini L. Agreement Among Family Members 

in Their Assessment of the Quality of Dying and 

Death. Journal of pain and symptom 

management. 2004;(In Press). 

167. Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM, Pasley PM, et al. A 

scale for measuring patient perceptions of the 

quality of end-of-life care and satisfaction with 

treatment: the reliability and validity of QUEST. 

J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23(6):458-70. 

168. Curtisa JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell E, et al. The 

quality of patient-doctor communication about 

end-of-life care: a study of patients with 

advanced AIDS and their primary care clinicians. 

AIDS 1999;13(9):1123-31. 

169. Fried TR, Bradley EH, Towle VR. Assessment of 

patient preferences: integrating treatments and 

outcomes. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 

2002;57(6):S348-54. 

170. Mystakidou K, Parpa E, Tsilika E, et al. The 

families evaluation on management, care and 

disclosure for terminal stage cancer patients. 

BMC Palliat Care 2002;1(1):3. 

171. Gates MF, Lackey NR, White MR. Needs of 

hospice and clinic patients with cancer. Cancer 

Pract 1995;3(4):226-32. Comment in: Cancer 

Pract. 1995 Jul-Aug;3(4):201. PMID: 7620483. 

172. Schwartz CE, Mazor K, Rogers J, et al. 

Validation of a new measure of concept of a good 

death. J Palliat Med 2003;6(4):575-84. 

173. Emanuel LL, Alpert HR, Emanuel EE. Concise 

screening questions for clinical assessments of 

terminal care: the needs near the end-of-life care 

screening tool. J Palliat Med 2001;4(4):465-74. 

174. Hearn J, Higginson IJ. Development and 

validation of a core outcome measure for 

palliative care: the palliative care outcome scale. 

Palliative Care Core Audit Project Advisory 

Group. Qual Health Care 1999;8(4):219-27. 

175. Steel K, Ljunggren G, Topinkova E, et al. The 

RAI-PC: an assessment instrument for palliative 

care in all settings. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(3):211-9. 
117

176. Wilkie DJ, Huang HY, Reilly N, et al. 

Nociceptive and neuropathic pain in patients with 

lung cancer: a comparison of pain quality 

descriptors. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22( 

5):899-910. 

177. Bruera E, Kuehn N, Miller MJ, et al. The 

Edmonton Symptom Assessment System 

(ESAS): a simple method for the assessment of 

palliative care patients. J Palliat Care 

1991;7(2):6-9. 

178. Lobchuk MM, Vorauer JD. Family caregiver 

perspective-taking and accuracy in estimating 

cancer patient symptom experiences. Soc Sci 

Med 2003;57(12):2379-84. 

179. Tranmer JE, Heyland D, Dudgeon D, et al. 

Measuring the symptom experience of seriously 

ill cancer and noncancer hospitalized patients 

near the end of life with the memorial symptom 

assessment scale. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;25(5):420-9. 

180. Chang VT, Thaler HT, Polyak TA, et al. Quality 

of life and survival: the role of multidimensional 

symptom assessment. Cancer 1998;83(1):173-9. 

181. Chow E, Wong R, Connolly R, et al. Prospective 

assessment of symptom palliation for patients 

attending a rapid response radiotherapy program. 

Feasibility of telephone follow-up. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2001;22(2):649-56. 

182. Chang VT, Hwang SS, Feuerman M. Validation 

of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. 

Cancer 2000;88(9):2164-71. 

183. Ewing G, Todd C, Rogers M, et al. Validation of 

a symptom measure suitable for use among 

palliative care patients in the community: 

CAMPAS-R. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2004;27(4):287-299. 

184. Hoekstra J, Bindels PJ, van Duijn NP, et al. The 

symptom monitor. A diary for monitoring 

physical symptoms for cancer patients in 

palliative care: feasibility, reliability and 

compliance. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2004;27(1):24-35. 

185. Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, et al. 

Measurement of quality of life in patients with 

lung cancer in multicenter trials of new therapies. 

Psychometric assessment of the Lung Cancer 

Symptom Scale. Cancer 1994;73(8):2087-98. 

186. Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, et al. Quality of 

life assessment in individuals with lung cancer: 

testing the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS). 

Eur J Cancer 1993;29A Suppl 1:S51-8. 

187. Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, et al. Normative 

data and trends in quality of life from the Lung 

Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS). Support Care 

Cancer 1999;7(3):140-8. 

188. Sarna L, Brecht ML. Dimensions of symptom 

distress in women with advanced lung cancer: a 

factor analysis. Heart Lung 1997;26(1):23-30. 

189. Warden V, Hurley AC, Volicer L. Development 

and psychometric evaluation of the Pain 

Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) 

scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003;4(1):9-15. 

Comment in: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2003 JanFeb;4(1):50-1. PMID: 12807599. 

190. Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, et al. “Are 

you depressed?” Screening for depression in the 

terminally ill. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154(5):674-

6. Comment in: Am J Psychiatry. 1998 

Jul;155(7):994-5. PMID: 9659876. 

191. Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, et al. 

Communication Capacity Scale and Agitation 

Distress Scale to measure the severity of delirium 

in terminally ill cancer patients: a validation 

study. Palliat Med 2001;15(3):197-206. 

192. Kurlowicz LH, Evans LK, Strumpf NE, et al. A 

psychometric evaluation of the Cornell Scale for 

Depression in Dementia in a frail, nursing home 

population. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2002;10(5):600-8. 

193. Hopwood P, Howell A, Maguire P. Screening for 

psychiatric morbidity in patients with advanced 

breast cancer: validation of two self-report 

questionnaires. British Journal of Cancer 

1991;64(2):353-6. 

194. Kaasa T, Wessel J. The Edmonton Functional 

Assessment Tool: further development and 

validation for use in palliative care. J Palliat Care 

2001;17(1):5-11. 

195. Kaasa T, Wessel J, Darrah J, et al. Inter-rater 

reliability of formally trained and self-trained 

raters using the Edmonton Functional 

Assessment Tool. Palliat Med 2000;14(6):509-

17. 

196. Gerety MB, Mulrow CD, Tuley MR, et al. 

Development and validation of a physical 

performance instrument for the functionally 

impaired elderly: the Physical Disability Index 

(PDI). J Gerontol 1993;48(2):M33-8. 

197. Gloth FM 3rd, Walston J, Meyer J, et al. 

Reliability and validity of the Frail Elderly 

Functional Assessment questionnaire. Am J Phys 

Med Rehabil 1995;74(1):45-53. 
118

198. Koedoot N, Molenaar S, Oosterveld P, et al. The 

decisional conflict scale: further validation in two 

samples of Dutch oncology patients. Patient Educ 

Couns 2001;45(3):187-93. 

199. Sherman AC, Simonton S, Adams DC, et al. 

Measuring religious faith in cancer patients: 

reliability and construct validity of the Santa 

Clara Strength of Religious Faith questionnaire. 

Psycho-Oncology 2001;10(5):436-43. 

200. Dobratz MC. The Life Closure Scale: a measure 

of psychological adaptation in death and dying. 

Hosp J 1990;6(3):1-15. 

201. Burnett P, Middleton W, Raphael B, et al. 

Measuring core bereavement phenomena. 

Psychol Med 1997;27(1):49-57. 

202. Hogan NS, Greenfield DB, Schmidt LA. 

Development and validation of the Hogan Grief 

Reaction Checklist. Death Stud 2001;25(1):1-32. 

203. Robinson LA, Nuamah IF, Lev E, et al. A 

prospective longitudinal investigation of spousal 

bereavement examining Parkes and Weiss’ 

Bereavement Risk Index. J Palliat Care 

1995;11(4):5-13. 

204. Feldstein MA, Gemma PB. Oncology nurses and 

chronic compounded grief. Cancer Nurs 

1995;18(3):228-36. 

205. Travis SS, Bernard MA, McAuley WJ, et al. 

Development of the family caregiver medication 

administration hassles scale. Gerontologist 

2003;43(3):360-8. 

206. Kirschling JM, Tilden VP, Butterfield PG. Social 

support: the experience of hospice family 

caregivers. Hosp J 1990;6(2):75-93. 

207. Kristjansson B, Breithaupt K, McDowell I. 

Development and validation of an indicator of 

support for community-residing older Canadians. 

Int Psychogeriatr 2001;13 Supp 1:125-35. 

208. Henoch I, Gustafsson M. Pressure ulcers in 

palliative care: development of a hospice pressure 

ulcer risk assessment scale. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2003;9(11):474-84. 

209. Dooneief G, Marder K, Tang MX, et al. The 

Clinical Dementia Rating scale: communitybased validation of “profound’ and “terminal’ 

stages. Neurology 1996;46(6):1746-9. 

210. Fowell A, Finlay I, Johnstone R, et al. An 

integrated care pathway for the last two days of 

life: Wales-wide benchmarking in palliative care. 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(12):566-73. Comment 

in: Int J Palliat Nurs. 2003 Jan;9(1):39. PMID: 

12560796. 

211. Wilson D. Managing End of life pain and other 

symptoms through non-pharmacological means. 

Integration of End of Life Care: A Health Canada 

Synthesis Research Project. Edmonton, Alberta 

Canada: University of Alberta. draft in press. 

212. Booth S, Anderson H, Swannick M, et al. The 

use of oxygen in the palliation of breathlessness. 

A report of the expert working group of the 

Scientific Committee of the Association of 

Palliative Medicine. Respir Med 2004;98(1):66-

77. 

213. Salman GF, Mosier MC, Beasley BW, et al. 

Rehabilitation for patients with chronic 

obstructive pulmonary disease: meta-analysis of 

randomized controlled trials. J Gen Intern Med 

2003;18(3):213-21. 

214. Higginson IJ, Finlay IG, Goodwin DM, et al. Is 

there evidence that palliative care teams alter 

end-of-life experiences of patients and their 

caregivers? J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;25(2):150-68. 

215. Jennings AL, Davies AN, Higgins JP, et al. A 

systematic review of the use of opioids in the 

management of dyspnoea. Thorax 

2002;57(11):939-44. 

216. Pan CX, Morrison RS, Ness J, et al. 

Complementary and alternative medicine in the 

management of pain, dyspnea, and nausea and 

vomiting near the end of life. A systematic 

review. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2000;20(5):374-87. 

217. Finnema E, Droes RM, Ribbe M, et al. The 

effects of emotion-oriented approaches in the 

care for persons suffering from dementia: a 

review of the literature. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2000;15(2):141-61. 

218. Opie J, Rosewarne R, O’Connor DW. The 

efficacy of psychosocial approaches to behaviour 

disorders in dementia: a systematic literature 

review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1999;33(6):789-

99. 

219. Forbes DA. Strategies for managing behavioural 

symptomatology associated with dementia of the 

Alzheimer type: a systematic overview. Can J 

Nurs Res 1998;30(2):67-86. 
119

220. Goudas L, Carr DB, Bloch R et al. Management 

of Cancer Pain. (Prepared by the New England 

Medical Center Evidence-Based Practice Center 

under Contact No. 290-97-0019). Rockville, MD: 

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 

2001. 

221. Jack B, Hillier V, Williams A, et al. Hospital 

based palliative care teams improve the 

symptoms of cancer patients. Palliat Med 

2003;17(6):498-502. 

222. Detmar SB, Muller MJ, Schornagel JH, et al. 

Health-related quality-of-life assessments and 

patient-physician communication: a randomized 

controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288(23):3027-34. 

Comment in: JAMA. 2003 Apr 2;289(13):1636; 

author reply 1636-7. PMID: 12672729. Erratum 

in: JAMA. 2003 Feb 26;289(8):987. 

223. Sarna L. Effectiveness of structured nursing 

assessment of symptom distress in advanced lung 

cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 1998;25(6):1041-8. 

224. Soden K, Vincent K, Craske S, et al. A 

randomized controlled trial of aromatherapy 

massage in a hospice setting. Palliat Med 

2004;18(2):87-92. 

225. Smith TJ, Staats PS, Deer T, et al. Randomized 

clinical trial of an implantable drug delivery 

system compared with comprehensive medical 

management for refractory cancer pain: impact 

on pain, drug-related toxicity, and survival. 

Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(19):4040-

9. 

226. Mercadante S, Fulfaro F, Casuccio A. A 

randomised controlled study on the use of antiinflammatory drugs in patients with cancer pain 

on morphine therapy: effects on dose-escalation 

and a pharmacoeconomic analysis. Eur J Cancer 

2002;38(10):1358-63. 

227. Simmons SF, Ferrell BA, Schnelle JF. Effects of 

a controlled exercise trial on pain in nursing 

home residents. Clin J Pain 2002;18(6):380-5. 

228. Sittl R, Griessinger N, Likar R. Analgesic 

efficacy and tolerability of transdermal 

buprenorphine in patients with inadequately 

controlled chronic pain related to cancer and 

other disorders: a multicenter, randomized, 

double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical 

Therapeutics 2003;25(1):150-68. 

229. Latimer EJ, Crabb MR, Roberts JG, et al. The 

Patient Care Travelling Record in palliative care: 

effectiveness and efficiency. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 1998;16(1):41-51. 

230. Weiner P, Waizman J, Magadle R, et al. The 

effect of specific inspiratory muscle training on 

the sensation of dyspnea and exercise tolerance in 

patients with congestive heart failure. Clin 

Cardiol 1999;22(11):727-32. 

231. Booth S, Kelly MJ, Cox NP, et al. Does oxygen 

help dyspnea in patients with cancer? Am J 

Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153(5):1515-8. 

232. Mazzocato C, Buclin T, Rapin CH. The effects of 

morphine on dyspnea and ventilatory function in 

elderly patients with advanced cancer: a 

randomized double-blind controlled trial. Ann 

Oncol 1999;10(12):1511-4. 

233. Jordhoy MS, Fayers P, Loge JH, et al. Quality of 

life in palliative cancer care: results from a 

cluster randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 

2001;19(18):3884-94. Comment in: J Clin Oncol. 

2002 Mar 15;20(6):1704-5. PMID: 11896122. 

234. Bruera E, MacEachern T, Ripamonti C, et al. 

Subcutaneous morphine for dyspnea in cancer 

patients. Ann Intern Med 1993;119(9):906-7. 

Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1994 Apr 

15;120(8):692-3. PMID: 8192764. 

235. Abernethy AP, Currow DC, Frith P, et al. 

Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled 

crossover trial of sustained release morphine for 

the management of refractory dyspnoea. BMJ 

2003;327(7414):523-8. 

236. Bruera E, Sweeney C, Willey J, et al. A 

randomized controlled trial of supplemental 

oxygen versus air in cancer patients with 

dyspnea. Palliat Med 2003;17(8):659-63. 

237. Bruera E, de Stoutz N, Velasco-Leiva A, et al. 

Effects of oxygen on dyspnea in hypoxaemic 

terminal-cancer patients. Lancet 

1993;342(8862):13-4. 

238. Schofield P, Payne S. A pilot study into the use 

of a multisensory environment (Snoezelen) 

within a palliative day-care setting. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2003;9(3):124-30. Erratum in: Int J Palliat 

Nurs. 2003 Apr;9(4):178. 

239. Wilkinson S, Aldridge J, Salmon I, et al. An 

evaluation of aromatherapy massage in palliative 

care. Palliat Med 1999;13(5):409-17. 

240. Stephenson NL, Weinrich SP, Tavakoli AS. The 

effects of foot reflexology on anxiety and pain in 

patients with breast and lung cancer. Oncol Nurs 

Forum 2000;27(1):67-72. Comment in: Oncol 

Nurs Forum. 2001 Apr;28(3):445-6. PMID: 

11338752. 
120

241. Gottlieb SS, Fisher ML, Freudenberger R, et al. 

Effects of exercise training on peak performance 

and quality of life in congestive heart failure 

patients. J Card Fail 1999;5(3):188-94. 

242. Addington-Hall JM, MacDonald LD, Anderson 

HR, et al. Randomised controlled trial of effects 

of coordinating care for terminally ill cancer 

patients. BMJ 1992;305(6865):1317-22. 

243. Manfredi PL, Breuer B, Wallenstein S, et al. 

Opioid treatment for agitation in patients with 

advanced dementia. International Journal of 

Geriatric Psychiatry 2003;18(8):700-5. 

244. Sultzer DL, Gray KF, Gunay I, et al. Does 

behavioral improvement with haloperidol or 

trazodone treatment depend on psychosis or 

mood symptoms in patients with dementia? J Am 

Geriatr Soc 2001;49(10):1294-300. 

245. Rogers JC, Holm MB, Burgio LD, et al. 

Improving morning care routines of nursing 

home residents with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 

1999;47(9):1049-57. Comment in: J Am Geriatr 

Soc. 1999 Sep;47(9):1151-2. PMID: 10484262. 

246. Rovner BW, Steele CD, Shmuely Y, et al. A 

randomized trial of dementia care in nursing 

homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44(1):7-13. 

Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 

Jan;44(1):91-2. PMID: 8537599. Comment in: J 

Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Oct;44(10):1277-8. PMID: 

8856018. 

247. Goodwin DM, Higginson IJ, Myers K, et al. 

Effectiveness of palliative day care in improving 

pain, symptom control, and quality of life. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2003;25(3):202-12. Comment 

in: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003 

Oct;26(4):886-7; author reply 888-9. PMID: 

14527753. 

248. Payne JL, Sheppard JM, Steinberg M, et al. 

Incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of 

depression in residents of a long-term care 

facility with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2002;17(3):247-53. 

249. Goldberg RJ, Goldberg J. Risperidone for 

dementia-related disturbed behavior in nursing 

home residents: a clinical experience. Int 

Psychogeriatr 1997;9(1):65-8. 

250. van der Steen JT, Ooms ME, van der Wal G, et 

al. Pneumonia: the demented patient’s best 

friend? Discomfort after starting or withholding 

antibiotic treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2002;50(10):1681-8. 

251. Friedman MM, Griffin JA. Relationship of 

physical symptoms and physical functioning to 

depression in patients with heart failure. Heart 

Lung 2001;30(2):98-104. 

252. Fulop G, Strain JJ, Stettin G . Congestive heart 

failure and depression in older adults: clinical 

course and health services use 6 months after 

hospitalization. Psychosomatics 2003;44(5):367-

73. 

253. Rumsfeld JS, Havranek E, Masoudi FA, et al. 

Depressive symptoms are the strongest predictors 

of short-term declines in health status in patients 

with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 

2003;42(10):1811-7. 

254. Jiang W, Alexander J, Christopher E, et al. 

Relationship of depression to increased risk of 

mortality and rehospitalization in patients with 

congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med 

2001;161(15):1849-56. Comment in: Arch Intern 

Med. 2002 Feb 11;162(3):362. PMID: 11822938. 

Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2002 Feb 

11;162(3):362-4. PMID: 11822939. 

255. Acton GJ, Kang J. Interventions to reduce the 

burden of caregiving for an adult with dementia: 

a meta-analysis. Res Nurs Health 2001; 

24(5):349-60. 

256. Acton GJ, Winter MA. Interventions for family 

members caring for an elder with dementia. Annu 

Rev Nurs Res 2002;20 :149-79. 

257. Yin T, Zhou Q, Bashford C. Burden on family 

members: caring for frail elderly: a meta-analysis 

of interventions. Nurs Res 2002;51(3):199-208. 

258. Wilson D. Outcomes and Evaluation of end of 

life care. Integration of End of Life Care: A 

Health Canada Synthesis Research Project. 

Edmonton, Alberta Canada: University of 

Alberta. draft in press. 

259. Wilson D. End of life case management. 

Integration of End of Life Care: A Health Canada 

Synthesis Research Project. Edmonton, Alberta 

Canada: University of Alberta. draft in press. 

260. Wilson D. The needs of the families of dying 

persons. Integration of End of Life Care: A 

Health Canada Synthesis Research Project. 

Edmonton, Alberta Canada: University of 

Alberta. draft in press. 

261. SUPPORT Principal Investigators. A controlled 

trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalized 

patients. The study to understand prognoses and 

preferences for outcomes and risks of treatments 

(SUPPORT). JAMA 1995;274(20):1591-8. 
121

262. Ringdal GI, Ringdal K, Jordhoy MS, et al. 

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in family 

members of cancer victims: results from a 

longitudinal intervention study in Norway and 

Sweden. Palliat Med 2004;18(2):108-20. 

263. Gitlin LN, Belle SH, Burgio LD, et al. Effect of 

multicomponent interventions on caregiver 

burden and depression: the REACH multisite 

initiative at 6-month follow-up. Psychol Aging 

2003;18(3):361-74. 

264. Burgio L, Stevens A, Guy D, et al. Impact of two 

psychosocial interventions on white and African 

American family caregivers of individuals with 

dementia. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):568-79. 

265. Burns R, Nichols LO, Martindale-Adams J, et al. 

Primary care interventions for dementia 

caregivers: 2-year outcomes from the REACH 

study. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):547-55. 

266. Eisdorfer C, Czaja SJ, Loewenstein DA, et al. 

The effect of a family therapy and technologybased intervention on caregiver depression. 

Gerontologist 2003;43(4):521-31. 

267. Gitlin LN, Winter L, Corcoran M, et al. Effects 

of the home environmental skill-building 

program on the caregiver-care recipient dyad: 6-

month outcomes from the Philadelphia REACH 

Initiative. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):532-46. 

268. Mahoney DF, Tarlow BJ, Jones RN. Effects of an 

automated telephone support system on caregiver 

burden and anxiety: findings from the REACH 

for TLC intervention study. Gerontologist 

2003;43(4):556-67. 

269. Sorensen S, Pinquart M, Duberstein P. How 

effective are interventions with caregivers? An 

updated meta-analysis. Gerontologist 

2002;42(3):356-72. 

270. Covinsky KE, Goldman L, Cook EF, et al. The 

impact of serious illness on patients’ families. 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand 

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatment. JAMA 1994;272(23):1839-

44. 

271. Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, et al. 

Assistance from family members, friends, paid 

care givers, and volunteers in the care of 

terminally ill patients. N Engl J Med 

1999;341(13):956-63. 

272. Brazil K, Bedard M, Willison K, et al. Caregiving 

and its impact on families of the terminally ill. 

Aging and Mental Health 2003;7(5): 376-82. 

273. Hodgson C, Higginson I, McDonnell M, et al. 

Family anxiety in advanced cancer: a multicentre 

prospective study in Ireland. Br J Cancer 

1997;76(9):1211-4. 

274. Collins C, Stommel M, Wang S, et al. Caregiving 

transitions: changes in depression among family 

caregivers of relatives with dementia. Nurs Res 

1994;43(4):220-5. 

275. Grant I, Adler KA, Patterson TL, et al. Health 

consequences of Alzheimer’s caregiving 

transitions: effects of placement and 

bereavement. Psychosom Med 2002;64(3):477-

86. 

276. Hays JC, Kasl SV, Jacobs SC. The course of 

psychological distress following threatened and 

actual conjugal bereavement. Psychol Med 1994; 

24(4):917-27. 

277. Schulz R, Mendelsohn AB, Haley WE, et al. 

End-of-life care and the effects of bereavement 

on family caregivers of persons with dementia. N 

Engl J Med 2003;349(20):1936-42. Comment in: 

N Engl J Med. 2003 Nov 13;349(20):1891-2. 

PMID: 14614164. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 

2004 Feb 12;350(7):733-4; author reply 733-4. 

PMID: 14960754. 

278. Volicer L, Hurley AC, Blasi ZV. Characteristics 

of dementia end-of-life care across care settings. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(3):191-200. 

279. Martikainen P, Valkonen T. Do education and 

income buffer the effects of death of spouse on 

mortality? Epidemiology 1998;9(5):530-4. 

280. Markowitz JS, Gutterman EM, Sadik K, et al. 

Health-related quality of life for caregivers of 

patients With Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer 

Disease and Associated Disorders 

2003;17(4):209-214. 

281. McCarthy M, Hall JA, Ley M. Communication 

and choice in dying from heart disease. J R Soc 

Med 1997;90(3):128-31. 

282. Evangelista LS, Dracup K, Doering L, et al. 

Emotional well-being of heart failure patients and 

their caregivers. J Card Fail 2002;8(5):300-5. 

283. Haggerty JL, Reid RJ, Freeman GK, et al. 

Continuity of care: a multidisciplinary review. 

British Medical Journal 2003;327:1219-1221. 

284. Goodwin DM, Higginson IJ, Edwards AG, et al. 

An evaluation of systematic reviews of palliative 

care services. J Palliat Care 2002;18(2):77-83. 
122

285. Smeenk FW, van Haastregt JC, de Witte LP, et 

al. Effectiveness of home care programmes for 

patients with incurable cancer on their quality of 

life and time spent in hospital: systematic review. 

BMJ 1998;316(7149):1939-44. 

286. Wilson D. Continuity of end of life care. 

Integration of End of Life Care: A Health Canada 

Synthesis Research Project. Edmonton, Alberta 

Canada: University of Alberta. draft in press. 

287. The SUPPORT Principal Investigators. A 

controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill 

hospitalized patients. The study to understand 

prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks 

of treatments (SUPPORT). JAMA 

1995;274(20):1591-8. Comment in: JAMA. 1995 

Nov 22-29;274(20):1634-6. PMID: 7474253. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1996 Apr 24;275(16):1227-

8; author reply 1230-1. PMID: 8601945. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1996 Apr 24;275(16):1227; 

author reply 1230-1. PMID: 8601944. Comment 

in: JAMA. 199. 

288. Marbella AM, Desbiens NA, Mueller-Rizner N, 

et al. Surrogates’ agreement with patients’ 

resuscitation preferences: effect of age, 

relationship, and SUPPORT intervention. Study 

to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for 

Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. J Crit Care 

1998;13(3):140-5. 

289. Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, Teetzel HD. Impact 

of ethics consultations in the intensive care 

setting: a randomized, controlled trial. Critical 

Care Medicine 2000;28(12):3920-4. 

290. Ahrens T, Yancey V, Kollef M. Improving 

family communications at the end of life: 

implications for length of stay in the intensive 

care unit and resource use. Am J Crit Care 

2003;12(4):317-23; discussion 324. 

291. Grande GE, Todd CJ, Barclay SI, et al. Does 

hospital at home for palliative care facilitate 

death at home? Randomised controlled trial. BMJ 

1999;319(7223):1472-5. Comment in: BMJ. 1999 

Dec 4;319(7223):1447-8. PMID: 10582909. 

292. DeCourtney CA, Jones K, Merriman MP, et al. 

Establishing a culturally sensitive palliative care 

program in rural Alaska Native American 

communities. J Palliat Med 2003;6(3):501-10. 

293. Selwyn PA, Rivard M, Kappell D, et al. Palliative 

care for AIDS at a large urban teaching hospital: 

program description and preliminary outcomes. J 

Palliat Med 2003;6(3):461-74. 

294. Stockelberg D, Lehtola P, Noren I. Palliative 

treatment at home for patients with 

haematological disorders. Support Care Cancer 

1997;5(6): 506-8. 

295. Melin AL, Bygren LO. Efficacy of the 

rehabilitation of elderly primary health care 

patients after short-stay hospital treatment. Med 

Care 1992;30(11):1004-15. 

296. Mann WC, Ottenbacher KJ, Fraas L, et al. 

Effectiveness of assistive technology and 

environmental interventions in maintaining 

independence and reducing home care costs for 

the frail elderly. A randomized controlled trial. 

Arch Fam Med 1999;8(3):210-7. Comment in: 

ACP J Club. 1999 Nov-Dec;131(3):71. 

297. McAlister FA, Lawson FM, Teo KK, et al. A 

systematic review of randomized trials of disease 

management programs in heart failure. Am J Med 

2001;110(5):378-84. 

298. Philbin EF. Comprehensive multidisciplinary 

programs for the management of patients with 

congestive heart failure. J Gen Intern Med 

1999;14(2):130-5. 

299. Phillips CO, Wright SM, Kern DE, et al. 

Comprehensive discharge planning with 

postdischarge support for older patients with 

congestive heart failure: a meta-analysis. JAMA 

2004;291(11):1358-67. 

300. McAlister FA, Stewart S, Ferrua S, et al. 

Multidisciplinary strategies for the management 

of heart failure patients at high risk for 

admission: a systematic review of randomized 

trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44(4):810-9. 

301. Windham BG, Bennett RG, Gottlieb S. Care 

management interventions for older patients with 

congestive heart failure. Am J Manag Care 2003; 

9(6):447-59; quiz 460-1. 

302. Care of the dying: a Catholic perspective. Part 

III: Clinical context--good palliative care eases 

the dying process. Catholic Health Association. 

Health Prog 1993;74(4):22-6, 31. 

303. Stewart S, Marley JE, Horowitz JD. Effects of a 

multidisciplinary, home-based intervention on 

unplanned readmissions and survival among 

patients with chronic congestive heart failure: a 

randomised controlled study. Lancet 

1999;354(9184):1077-83. 

304. Topp R, Tucker D, Weber C. Effect of a clinical 

case manager/clinical nurse specialist on patients 

hospitalized with congestive heart failure. Nurs 

Case Manag 1998;3(4):140-5; quiz 146-7, 182. 
123

305. Roglieri JL, Futterman R, McDonough KL, et al. 

Disease management interventions to improve 

outcomes in congestive heart failure. Am J 

Manag Care 1997;3(12):1831-9. 

306. Gorski LA, Johnson K. A disease management 

program for heart failure: collaboration between a 

home care agency and a care management 

organization. Lippincotts Case Manag 

2003;8(6):265-73. 

307. Jaarsma T, Halfens R, Huijer Abu-Saad H, et al. 

Effects of education and support on self-care and 

resource utilization in patients with heart failure. 

Eur Heart J 1999;20(9):673-82. Comment in: Eur 

Heart J. 1999 May;20(9):632-3. PMID: 

10419340. 

308. Heidenreich PA, Ruggerio CM, Massie BM. 

Effect of a home monitoring system on 

hospitalization and resource use for patients with 

heart failure. Am Heart J 1999;138(4 Pt 1):633-

40. Comment in: Am Heart J. 1999 Oct;138(4 Pt 

1):599-601. PMID: 10502199. 

309. Lasater M. The effect of a nurse-managed CHF 

clinic on patient readmission and length of stay. 

Home Healthc Nurse 1996;14(5):351-6. 

310. Jerant AF, Azari R, Nesbitt TS. Reducing the 

cost of frequent hospital admissions for 

congestive heart failure: a randomized trial of a 

home telecare intervention. Med Care 

2001;39(11):1234-45. 

311. Stewart S, Pearson S, Horowitz JD. Effects of a 

home-based intervention among patients with 

congestive heart failure discharged from acute 

hospital care. Arch Intern Med 

1998;158(10):1067-72. 

312. Goldberg LR, Piette JD, Walsh MN, et al. 

Randomized trial of a daily electronic home 

monitoring system in patients with advanced 

heart failure: the Weight Monitoring in Heart 

Failure (WHARF) trial. Am Heart J 2003; 

146(4):705-12. 

313. Philbin EF, Rocco TA, Lindenmuth NW, et al. 

The results of a randomized trial of a quality 

improvement intervention in the care of patients 

with heart failure. The MISCHF Study 

Investigators. Am J Med 2000;109(6):443-9. 

Comment in: Am J Med. 2000 Oct 

15;109(6):501-3. PMID: 11042244. 

314. Goodyer LI, Miskelly F, Milligan P. Does 

encouraging good compliance improve patients’ 

clinical condition in heart failure? Br J Clin Pract 

1995;49(4):173-6. Comment in: Br J Clin Pract. 

1995 Jul-Aug;49(4):171. PMID: 7547152. 

315. Phillips RS, Hamel MB, Teno JM, et al. Race, 

resource use, and survival in seriously ill 

hospitalized adults. The SUPPORT Investigators. 

J Gen Intern Med 1996;11(7):387-96. 

316. Zweig SC, Kruse RL, Binder EF, et al. Effect of 

do-not-resuscitate orders on hospitalization of 

nursing home residents evaluated for lower 

respiratory infections. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2004;52(1):51-8. 

317. Intrator O, Zinn J, Mor V. Nursing home 

characteristics and potentially preventable 

hospitalizations of long-stay residents. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 2004;52(10):1730-6. 

318. Tchen N, Bedard P, Yi QL, et al. Quality of life 

and understanding of disease status among cancer 

patients of different ethnic origin. British Journal 

of Cancer 2003;89(4):641-7. 

319. Sulmasy DP, Sood JR. Factors associated with 

the time nurses spend at the bedsides of seriously 

ill patients with poor prognoses. Med Care 

2003;41(4):458-66. 

320. Hutt E, Ecord M, Eilertsen TB, et al. Precipitants 

of emergency room visits and acute 

hospitalization in short-stay Medicare nursing 

home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2002;50(2):223-9. 

321. Fried TR, Mor V. Frailty and hospitalization of 

long-term stay nursing home residents. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 1997;45 (3):265-9. Comment in: J 

Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Mar;45(3):378-9. PMID: 

9063288. 

322. Kane RL, Keckhafer G, Flood S, et al. The effect 

of Evercare on hospital use. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2003;51(10):1427-34. 

323. Townsend J, Frank AO, Fermont D, et al. 

Terminal cancer care and patients’ preference for 

place of death: a prospective study. BMJ 

1990;301(6749):415-7. Comment in: BMJ. 1993 

Jun 26;306(6894):1754. PMID: 8343651. 

324. Tang ST, Mccorkle R. Determinants of 

congruence between the preferred and actual 

place of death for terminally ill cancer patients. J 

Palliat Care 2003;19(4):230-7. 

325. Chin MH, Goldman L. Correlates of early 

hospital readmission or death in patients with 

congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 

1997;79(12):1640-4. 
124

326. Stewart S, Horowitz JD. Detecting early clinical 

deterioration in chronic heart failure patients 

post-acute hospitalisation-a critical component of 

multidisciplinary, home-based intervention? Eur 

J Heart Fail 2002;4(3): 345-51. 

327. Heller RF, Fisher JD, D’Este CA, et al. Death 

and readmission in the year after hospital 

admission with cardiovascular disease: the 

Hunter Area Heart and Stroke Register. Med J 

Aust 2000;172(6):261-5. 

328. Burge F, Lawson B, Johnston G. Family 

physician continuity of care and emergency 

department use in end-of-life cancer care. Med 

Care 2003;41(8):992-1001. 

329. Burge F, Lawson B, Johnston G, et al. Primary 

care continuity and location of death for those 

with cancer. J Palliat Med 2003;6(6):911-8. 

330. Baggs JG. End-of-life care for older adults in 

ICUs. Annu Rev Nurs Res 2002 ;20:181-229. 

331. Hanson LC, Tulsky JA, Danis M . Can clinical 

interventions change care at the end of life? Ann 

Intern Med 1997;126(5):381-8. Comment in: Ann 

Intern Med. 1997 Oct 1;127(7):574; author reply 

574-5. PMID: 9313031. Comment in: Ann Intern 

Med. 1997 Oct 1;127(7):574; author reply 574-5. 

PMID: 9313030. 

332. Higginson IJ, Finlay I, Goodwin DM, et al. Do 

hospital-based palliative teams improve care for 

patients or families at the end of life? J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;23(2):96-106. 

333. Walsh RA, Girgis A, Sanson-Fisher RW. 

Breaking bad news. 2: What evidence is available 

to guide clinicians? Behav Med 1998;24(2):61-

72. 

334. Landry FJ, Kroenke K, Lucas C, et al. Increasing 

the use of advance directives in medical 

outpatients. J Gen Intern Med 1997;12(7):412-5. 

335. Dexter PR, Wolinsky FD, Gramelspacher GP, et 

al. Effectiveness of computer-generated 

reminders for increasing discussions about 

advance directives and completion of advance 

directive forms. A randomized, controlled trial. 

Ann Intern Med 1998;128(2):102-10. 

336. Smucker WD, Ditto PH, Moore KA, et al. 

Elderly outpatients respond favorably to a 

physician-initiated advance directive discussion. 

J Am Board Fam Pract 1993;6(5):473-82. 

337. Schwartz CE, Wheeler HB, Hammes B, et al. 

Early intervention in planning end-of-life care 

with ambulatory geriatric patients: results of a 

pilot trial. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(14):1611-8. 

338. Lilly CM, Sonna LA, Haley KJ, et al. Intensive 

communication: four-year follow-up from a 

clinical practice study. Crit Care Med 2003;31(5 

Suppl):S394-9. 

339. Dowdy MD, Robertson C, Bander JA. A study of 

proactive ethics consultation for critically and 

terminally ill patients with extended lengths of 

stay. Critical Care Medicine 1998;26(2):252-9. 

340. Campbell ML, Guzman JA. Impact of a proactive 

approach to improve end-of-life care in a medical 

ICU. Chest 2003;123(1):266-71. Comment in: 

Chest. 2003 Jan;123(1):16-8. PMID: 12527596. 

341. Holzapfel L, Demingeon G, Piralla B, et al. A 

four-step protocol for limitation of treatment in 

terminal care. An observational study in 475 

intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med 

2002;28(9):1309-15. Comment in: Intensive Care 

Med. 2002 Sep;28(9):1197-9. PMID: 12400561. 

342. Jack B, Hillier V, Williams A, et al. Hospital 

based palliative care teams improve the insight of 

cancer patients into their disease. Palliat Med 

2004;18(1):46-52. 

343. Butler JV, Pooviah PK, Cunningham D, et al. 

Improving decision-making and documentation 

relating to do not attempt resuscitation orders. 

Resuscitation 2003;57(2):139-44. 

344. Monteleoni C, Clark E. Using rapid-cycle quality 

improvement methodology to reduce feeding 

tubes in patients with advanced dementia: before 

and after study. BMJ 2004;329( 7464):491-4. 

345. Heffner JE, Fahy B, Hilling L, et al. Outcomes of 

advance directive education of pulmonary 

rehabilitation patients. Am J Respir Crit Care 

Med 1997;155(3):1055-9. 

346. Anderson JP, Kaplan RM, Schneiderman LJ. 

Effects of offering advance directives on quality 

adjusted life expectancy and psychological wellbeing among ill adults. J Clin Epidemiol 

1994;47(7):761-72. 

347. Stuart B, D’Onofrio CN, Boatman S, et al. 

CHOICES: promoting early access to end-of-life 

care through home-based transition management. 

J Palliat Med 2003;6(4):671-83. 
125

348. Ratner E, Norlander L, McSteen K. Death at 

home following a targeted advance-care planning 

process at home: the kitchen table discussion. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(6):778-81. Comment in: 

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Jun;49(6):833-4. PMID: 

11454127. 

349. Soskis CW. End-of-life decisions in the home 

care setting. Soc Work Health Care 1997;25(1-

2):107-16. 

350. Teno JM, Licks S, Lynn J, et al. Do advance 

directives provide instructions that direct care? 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand 

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatment. Journal of the American 

Geriatrics Society 1997;45(4):508-12. 

351. Teno JM, Stevens M, Spernak S, et al. Role of 

written advance directives in decision making: 

insights from qualitative and quantitative data. 

Journal of General Internal Medicine 

1998;13(7):439-46. 

352. Golin CE, Wenger NS, Liu H, et al. A 

prospective study of patient-physician 

communication about resuscitation. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S52-60. 

353. Wenger NS, Phillips RS, Teno JM, et al. 

Physician understanding of patient resuscitation 

preferences: insights and clinical implications. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S44-51. 

354. Tierney WM, Dexter PR, Gramelspacher GP, et 

al. The effect of discussions about advance 

directives on patients’ satisfaction with primary 

care. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16(1):32-40. 

Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2001 

Jan;16(1):68-9. PMID: 11251753. 

355. Rose JH, O’Toole EE, Dawson NV, et al. 

Generalists and oncologists show similar care 

practices and outcomes for hospitalized late-stage 

cancer patients. SUPPORT Investigators. Study 

to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for 

Outcomes and Risks for Treatment. Med Care 

2000;38(11):1103-18. 

356. Curtis JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell ES, et al. Why 

don’t patients and physicians talk about end-oflife care? Barriers to communication for patients 

with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and 

their primary care clinicians. Arch Intern Med 

2000;160(11):1690-6. Comment in: Arch Intern 

Med. 2000 Jun 12;160(11):1565-6. PMID: 

10847247. 

357. Junod Perron N, Morabia A, de Torrente A. 

Quality of life of Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) 

patients: how good are physicians in assessing 

DNR patients’ quality of life? Swiss Med Wkly 

2002;132(39-40):562-5. 

358. Lockhart LK, Ditto PH, Danks JH, et al. The 

stability of older adults’ judgments of fates better 

and worse than death. Death Stud 

2001;25(4):299-317. 

359. Detmar SB, Muller MJ, Schornagel JH, et al. 

Role of health-related quality of life in palliative 

chemotherapy treatment decisions. J Clin Oncol 

2002;20(4):1056-62. 

360. Butow PN, Maclean M, Dunn SM, et al. The 

dynamics of change: cancer patients’ preferences 

for information, involvement and support. Annals 

of Oncology 1997;8(9):857-63. 

361. Weeks JC, Cook EF, O’Day SJ, et al. 

Relationship between cancer patients’ predictions 

of prognosis and their treatment preferences. 

JAMA 1998;279(21):1709-14. Comment in: 

JAMA. 1998 Jun 3;279(21):1746-8. PMID: 

9624031. Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Oct 

28;280(16):1403-4. PMID: 9800998. Comment 

in: JAMA. 1998 Oct 28;280(16):1403; author 

reply 1404. PMID: 9800997. Erratum in: JAMA 

2000 Jan 12;283(2):203. 

362. Phillips RS, Hamel MB, Teno JM, et al. Patient 

race and decisions to withhold or withdraw lifesustaining treatments for seriously ill hospitalized 

adults. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to 

Understand Prognoses and Preferences for 

Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. American 

Journal of Medicine 2000;108(1):14-9. 

363. Wenger NS, Lynn J, Oye RK, et al. Withholding 

versus withdrawing life-sustaining treatment: 

patient factors and documentation associated with 

dialysis decisions. Journal of the American 

Geriatrics Society 2000;48(5 Suppl):S75-83. 

364. Hakim RB, Teno JM, Harrell FE Jr, et al. Factors 

associated with do-not-resuscitate orders: 

patients’ preferences, prognoses, and physicians’ 

judgments. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to 

Understand Prognoses and Preferences for 

Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. Ann Intern 

Med 1996;125(4):284-93. 

365. Danis M, Southerland LI, Garrett JM, et al. A 

prospective study of advance directives for lifesustaining care. N Engl J Med 1991;324(13):882-

8. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1991 Oct 

24;325(17):1254-6. PMID: 1922218. 
126

366. McParland E, Likourezos A, Chichin E, et al. 

Stability of preferences regarding life-sustaining 

treatment: a two-year prospective study of 

nursing home residents. Mt Sinai J Med 

2003;70(2):85-92. 

367. Azoulay E, Chevret S, Leleu G, et al. Half the 

families of intensive care unit patients experience 

inadequate communication with physicians. 

Critical Care Medicine 2000;28( 8):3044-9. 

368. Hammes BJ, Rooney BL. Death and end-of-life 

planning in one midwestern community. Arch 

Intern Med 1998;158(4):383-90. 

369. Shuster JL. ABCD Commends VA for End-ofLife Improvements. ABCD Exchange . 

370. Tilden VP, Tolle SW, Drach LL, et al. Out-ofhospital death: advance care planning, decedent 

symptoms, and caregiver burden. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 2004;52(4):532-9. 

371. Wilson D. Culture and end of life care. 

Integration of End of Life Care: A Health Canada 

Synthesis Research Project. Edmonton, Alberta 

Canada: University of Alberta. draft in press. 

372. Wilson D. End of life care in acute care hospitals. 

Integration of End of Life Care: A Health Canada 

Synthesis Research Project. Edmonton, Alberta 

Canada: University of Alberta. draft in press. 

373. Wilson D. End of life care in residential 

continuing-care facilities. Integration of End of 

Life Care: A Health Canada Synthesis Research 

Project. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: University 

of Alberta. draft in press. 

374. Wilson D. The home as a place of end of life 

care. Integration of End of Life Care: A Health 

Canada Synthesis Research Project. Edmonton, 

Alberta Canada: University of Alberta. draft in 

press. 

375. Farsides B, Dunlop RJ. Is there such a thing as a 

life not worth living? BMJ 2001;322(7300):1481-

3. 

376. McGown A, Braithwaite V. Stereotypes of 

emotional caregivers and their capacity to absorb 

information: the views of nurses, stroke carers 

and the general public. J Adv Nurs 

1992;17(7):822-8. 
Appendix A. The Scope of the “End of Life” 

People die in their own way, with highly individual courses near death and with no 

one’s last chapter being quite the same as another person’s. Yet, the courses do tend to 

be rather similar for people with similar medical conditions and co-morbidities, similar 

symptoms and disabilities, and ordinary living circumstances. At least as an initial 

organizing principle, looking to those patterns and highlighting a small number of very 

common patterns yields a productive anchor for designing care systems, organizing 

information, and catalyzing reforms. 

A recent idea in end-of-life care is that of “trajectories” of the course while living 

with fatal illnesses. A trajectory is essentially the time course of care needs and patient 

experiences from the onset of serious illness to the end of life, and it might well be more 

useful in designing reliable and effective care arrangements than strategies that rely upon 

diagnoses, procedures, or settings of care. A limited recent literature builds the case for a 

relatively small set of trajectories that could warrant separate planning for care needs. 

Lunney et al1

 proposed one trajectory for a short course of rapidly progressive disability 

in the last two months of life (often seen with solid cancers), one for a longer course of 

slow decline with intermittent life-threatening exacerbations and usually a sudden death 

(often seen with chronic lung or heart failure), and one for a very long course of slow 

decline with self-care disability arising from dementia or frailty. 

 Teno et al2

 confirmed Lunney’s claim that the time course of disability in the last 

year was quite different for persons living with cancer as compared to those with stroke, 

chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes and heart failure. Teno found that cancer 

patients were much less disabled until their last few months, when disability accelerated 

substantially and rapidly became more severe than the relatively mild increases for other 

conditions. Covinsky et al3

 evaluated the time course of disability in the conditions of 

frailty and dementia, showing that they are characterized by serious disability with slow

worsening, with dementia being more severely disabling than frailty but with similar 

trajectoryie of decline over time. 

At what point in these courses would it be appropriate to label the person as

having come to the “end of life”? As with many definitions, a consideration of how it 

will be used is important. The definition that targets support to the caregiver and advance 

care planning with the patient would usually include much more time than a definition 

that identifies imminent dying. Lack of consistent definitions hinders building a coherent 

body of work regarding end-of-life care. Teno and Coppola4

 and George5 have pointed 

out the serious problems that affect research when the “denominator problem” has not 

been addressed or resolved. As George noted in her systematic review,5

 most studies 

simply do not articulate the population to which the results could be generalized. In 

reports that did articulate the population of focus, we found three basic concepts of the 

scope. Some use “end of life” to mean the patient’s last few days or hours, when it is 

quite clear that the person will not live long, when family should gather and last words be 

said, and when there is little thought of adding new medical treatments that might still 

delay death. This corresponds roughly to what hospice nurses often call “active dying.” 

Others use the term to mean people who would be eligible and appropriate for hospice, in 

that they have a prognosis of less than six months’ survival and have decided that 

A-1 
treatment should be focused upon palliative efforts. A third approach uses the term to 

denote a broader category that includes the part of life when the person is seriously 

afflicted with an eventually fatal condition, even if the prognosis remains ambiguous and 

some people live in this way for many years. Initial conversations with the NINR and 

AHRQ project officers and the Technical Expert Panel (see chapter 2) made clear that our 

Evidence-Based Report was to use the third, broad, definition of the category; but we 

were directed also to summarize the evidence as to how well the available literature 

supported each possible definition of the category. To this end, the EPC marked each 

article that we found in the searches described in Chapter 2 as to whether that article 

spoke to the question of prognosis. We supplemented this list of articles with those 

contributed by experts on the staff, in the TEP, in systematic reviews, and in expert 

reviews. The results of this review of the evidence underlying the definition of the 

category itself are presented below. 

Search Results 

We identified 348 articles from our title search including 299 in the title or abstract 

review phase and 48 contributed by expert reviewers. Of these, 90 were not about 

prognosis, or not quantitative (e.g., a review or ethics reflection). Forty citations 

described the natural history of a cohort, including mortality and effects of treatments. 

We identified 66 of these titles as not about chronic illness. Fifty-two citations described 

worse or better prognosis with one or a few factors in strata or simple association and 

merely quantified an obvious relationship. Sixteen regarded prognosis for a year or more. 

Twenty-one concerned only prognostication for patients already enrolled in a hospice or 

palliative care program. We identified a total of 63 articles to inform the question of

when ‘end-of-life’ begins. 

Defining the “end of life” as “active dying” 

In case reports written by hospice and palliative care providers, the phrase “active 

dying” commonly designates a period of time in which the patient is declining markedly, 

is having irregularities in vital functions like breathing and circulation, and is reliably 

expected to die without any recovery within a few hours or at most a few days. In the 

articles identified in our broad search, no article addresses how often the designation is in 

error (in that the patient actually has a substantial period of stability before dying), how 

reliably different nurses and others designate patients as “actively dying,” how many 

patients have this discernible phase before dying, or what the rate of various 

characteristics turns out to be among those identified as “actively dying.” Clearly, if 

some aspect of clinical care or research is to turn on this definition, some empirical 

description and regularizing of the definition is in order. 

Defining the end of life by patient “readiness” 

While enrollment in hospice in the U.S. requires that the physician certify that the 

patient has “six months or less” to live, hospice enrollment also requires that the patient 

sign a statement giving up efforts at “curative” medical treatment and providing consent 

to treatment in a hospice program. Perhaps, at least for typical hospice patients, the 

prognosis requirement is mostly permissive and actual enrollment depends on the patient, 

A-2 
family, and clinicians being convinced that the patient is best served by extensive 

supportive care, usually because the patient is so sick and disabled. Of course, this status 

is loosely tied to prognosis, but it also is tied to how the people involved perceive the 

patient, including age, social situation, religious outlook, depression, weariness with life, 

and other factors. Perhaps the very definition of the category of “end of life” might be 

allowed to depend on preferences and perspectives of patient and family, at least among 

patients who are sick enough to die. A patient who is fiercely trying to regain stability 

with heart failure and who won’t talk of dying might place herself in the category of 

“usual patients,” while a person with similar physical impairments who is weary of 

fighting for breath, tired of it all, and ready to die might thereby be in the category of 

“end of life” patients. 

One article provides an important window upon the question of patient “readiness” by 

assessing the correlation of cancer patients’ self-assessment of prognosis with their 

preferences for life-sustaining treatment. Weeks et al6

 reported that cancer patients who 

estimated that they had at least a 10% chance of dying within six months had markedly 

more likelihood of preferring to avoid resuscitation than did those who thought that they 

had a better chance to live longer. This finding persisted whether or not their perceptions 

were accurate, and whether or not their views were in accord with their physicians. This 

raises the interesting possibility that patient “readiness” turns on certain thresholds or

experiences that are not tightly tied to specific prognoses. 

Another report on patient readiness to address end of life issues supports this point. 

Pfeifer et al7

 showed that sicker patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) 

were no more or less interested in end-of-life discussions than were somewhat less 

severely ill patients. Since the typical course of COPD includes periods of nearly stable 

life, intermittent exacerbations, and rather sudden dying, more or less severe illness might 

well have little effect upon the patient’s perception of urgency, especially if patients are 

waiting for a warning that time is short. Most COPD patients will never know that time 

is short until death is close at hand in an exacerbation that is not going well. 

At least with the search strategy that we used, no articles addressed the performance 

characteristics of a categorization that would turn in part upon patient and family 

preference for priorities of treatment or goals of care. 

Defining the “end of life’ by severity of illness 

One practical way to define a category of people who are coming to the “end of life” 

would be to articulate explicit thresholds of severity of commonly fatal illnesses and to 

include the part of life lived with illness that severe or worse. This would allow the 

criteria to be disconnected from their performance as prognostic elements and to use 

instead those markers of severity that are commonly available, or readily obtained, and 

that mark the onset of substantial disability or suffering. The indices of severity could be 

linked to specific illnesses, or to trajectories, with the latter having the potential 

advantage of accounting for multiple co-morbidities. 

Discerning the category by severity underlies a question used to help clinicians find 

the patients who are at the end of life: “Is this patient sick enough that is would not be a 

surprise if he or she were to die within six months?” It might not matter much whether 

one uses the reference category of 3, 6, or 12 months, since the question mostly 

A-3 
encourages the clinician to recognize that the patient already has an illness that might 

well take his or her life. The question was first reported in a quality improvement 

endeavor at the Franciscan Health System in Tacoma, Washington8

 and has since become

more widely used.9 However, no research has evaluated its performance characteristics 

formally. 

Defining the “end of life” by prognosis 

Prognosticating the patient’s course is one of the oldest and most controversial parts 

of medical arts. Hippocratic teaching admonished physicians both to “declare the past,

diagnose the present, foretell the future” and to “give necessary orders...revealing 

nothing of the patient’s future or present condition.”10 In modern times, commentators 

admonish physicians both to inform the patient accurately as to what he or she faces and 

to avoid taking away hope. In most of the discussion, little attention goes to discerning 

what it is that the physician could possibly say about prognosis. 

Giving a prognosis as to how the future is likely to unfold requires seeing that certain 

things known now (a,b,c,...) allow us to predict the risk of dying at a time in the future. 

For example, an article or text might say that 90% of the people with inoperable nonsmall-cell lung cancer who take no chemotherapy or radiation will be dead within six 

months. The same idea could yield a continuous expression of the likelihood of being 

alive, or a contingent prediction that illustrates the effect of different treatments or events. 

Some elements of these common strategies are important to highlight. First, all 

prognostications of mortality yield a likelihood of survival at a particular time or over 

time, not “how long does he have to live?” Second, no prediction of survival will capture 

all of the variation and be precise, both because the elements used in prediction are not all 

known or well-measured and because some of the elements that actually shape the future 

are actually unpredictable for individuals (though some of these might be predictable for 

large numbers of people). Third, all predictions of the future rely upon past experience, 

so, to the extent that important circumstances change over time, such as treatment 

possibilities or complicating co-morbidities, predicting the future becomes unreliable. 

Finally, all prognostications have certain performance characteristics that shape their 

usefulness: in particular, overall performance in explaining variance, calibration, 

discrimination, dispersion (especially into the extremes of likelihood), practicality (often 

especially regarding missing data), and applicability to a new population of interest. 

By far the most common way that prognostication has been used to shape the field of 

“end of life care” has been the claim that the “end of life” is when prognosis is less than 6 

months, and the patient is eligible for enrolling in a hospice program. It is intriguing, and 

perhaps illuminating, that the statute that set forth the 6-month prognosis limit as 

eligibility for hospice coverage in Medicare did not define that statistic further, and that it 

has not been defined formally in the twenty years since.11 Not only does it fail to state

any degree of confidence that one would need to have in stating the prognosis, but it even 

fails to state the threshold clearly. Should a prognosis of 6 months or less mean that the 

person has less than a 50-50 chance to be alive in 6 months, or does it mean that the 

person is virtually certain to be dead within 6 months – e.g., with a 90% or 99% 

probability? 

A-4 
The size of the population to be served is dramatically different with these different 

definitions. Only a very few people, who usually live for a very short time, can be known 

to have less than a 1% chance to live 6 months; but many people, for much longer times, 

can be known to have worse than a 50% chance to live 6 months.12 In the Government 

Accounting Office investigations of hospice enrollment, the standard employed seemed 

to be something like “virtually certain to die,” but the recent enthusiasm to use hospice 

more seems to employ something close to the “more likely than not” standard.9

 

 The group of 63 articles that inform the use of prognostication in defining the end of 

life addressed four major topics. First are reports of multivariable models developed to 

predict survival over time or to a point in time. Second are reports of expert clinicians 

predicting survival. Third are tests of either of these approaches in specified patient 

populations. Fourth are reports that present largely theoretical models that aim to make 

sense of the contribution of competing causes of death when they are commonplace in a 

population. While we do not know of a scoring system for the quality of multivariable 

modeling to predict survival, an on-line text outlines the dimensions of quality13 and one 

article catalogues the pervasiveness of shortcomings in prognostication articles 

concerning the end of life.14

Multivariable prognostic models 

The first group of research articles raises the question of how well a multivariable 

model can predict the likelihood of surviving to a future point in time, usually six 

months. One of the most well-developed models for multiple diagnoses was reported by 

the SUPPORT project.15 It allows one to draw a survival curve and to calculate a 

reasonable estimate of the variance in the estimate for each of nine diagnoses. The 

SUPPORT model showed that the five hospitals involved had the same adjusted mortality 

rates and the same associations of all predictive factors with mortality predictions. 

Furthermore, the SUPPORT intervention did not affect mortality. The SUPPORT models 

were well-calibrated, they discriminated well even at the ends of the prognostic spectrum,

and they dealt with missing data in justifiable ways. 

 However, the SUPPORT models’ performance with regard to finding a population 

that was likely to die within six months was disappointing. Most of the deaths that drive 

the equations in SUPPORT occur early after admission to the hospital. The estimates of 

error in populations with a “middling” prognosis at six months are substantial, often 

requiring a range of 30 percentage points to encompass 90% of likely estimates. 

Furthermore, the study population was biased in mostly unmeasured ways, a fact that 

would greatly complicate application in another population. For example, the SUPPORT 

patients had come to a teaching hospital and had survived 48 hours in order to be 

enrolled. The average age at death in SUPPORT was more than ten years younger than in 

the population as a whole. Roughly twice as many people sick enough to qualify for 

SUPPORT were not enrolled but were in the community served by one of the hospitals.16

Either they did not come into the hospital or they died quickly after admission. The 

people who did not come into the study included many living in nursing homes or who 

were very old and presumably supported at home. 

A-5 
Furthermore, the SUPPORT prognostic model requires a substantial array of 

laboratory tests and the patients were mostly getting hospital-level diagnosis and 

treatment, so the SUPPORT model will not function as well in a population that is not in 

the hospital. The SUPPORT model is a remarkably informative instrument, and it 

probably is useful in calibrating the effects of treatments or comparing the quality of lifesustaining care among hospitals or treatments, but it is not a well-calibrated way to sort 

patients by their prognoses at six months. Contrary to the common assumption that 

“terminally ill” people are evident, SUPPORT showed that, even very near to actual 

dying, prognoses stay quite uncertain for many patients. In SUPPORT, the median 

prognoses within the last week of life were often greater than 50% to survive six months, 

especially for chronic conditions with intermittent exacerbations like heart failure and 

chronic lung disease.17, 18

Other models for predicting prognosis have similar limitations in reliably splitting the 

population of very sick people into those who will live longer than six months (or another 

limit) and those who will die by then. Mitchell et al.19 developed a model specifically for 

nursing home patients with dementia using high-quality methods and a large dataset. In 

testing for the adequacy of the model to predict 6 month survival, the performance 

characteristics were quite good (Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 

0.74 in the development set and 0.70 in the validation set). Nevertheless, that 

performance would leave many patients enrolled and surviving past six months and many 

others denied enrollment for what turns out to be their last few months. 

In a model-building endeavor that paralleled the SUPPORT model approach, Teno et 

al20 reported an initial estimate for frail hospitalized elders. The nomogram presented in 

this report illustrates the kind of useful translation of results that could anchor more 

widespread use of prognostic models. Nevertheless, the model has all the limitations of 

the SUPPORT model, and this one relied upon just 1266 cases and only 505 deaths in 4 

sites. 

Other papers have focused upon specific lab tests, special settings (e.g., Chow21), or 

especially dire clinical situations. A broad array of such papers might end up building a 

generalizable approach, but they also might build an incoherent patchwork. Certainly, at 

the present time, although the various models and approaches yield informative and 

clinically helpful insights for individuals and yield standards that can anchor research and 

quality improvement, the models have not been particularly useful in sorting people who 

should be considered to be “at the end of life” from those with serious diagnoses but 

longer expected survival. 

Clinical Judgment

Rather than developing multivariable prognostic models, some reports tested the 

clinical judgment of physicians. In SUPPORT, the judgments of physicians were nearly 

as accurate as the multivariable model, on average, but physicians showed a strong 

tendency to use only a few points along the spectrum of possible prognoses (e.g., 10%, 

25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%), thus reducing the calibration of their estimates and also their 

ability to separate patients of middling prognosis. 

Christakis and colleagues have shown that physicians generally predict longer 

survivals than patients have, at least when prognosticating for patients being considered 

A-6 
for hospice.22, 23 Addington-Hall et al24 found that medical and nursing staff overestimated survival substantially in 12% of cases and also under-estimated in 9%. 

SUPPORT found that physicians were accurate on average when the question was the 

likelihood of being alive in six months. The errors that physicians made in this task had a 

normal distribution, but fully 39% of the predictions were in error by more than 20% 

when compared with the SUPPORT multivariable model as the gold standard.25 

Mackillop and Quirt26 assessed the discriminatory power of oncologists’ estimates of 

survival at 3 months and at one year and found fair discrimination at 3 months (Area 

under the ROC =0.75) and very poor discimination at a year (A-ROC = 0.57). 

Higginson and Constantini27checked the accuracy of prognoses made by experienced 

palliative care teams concerning cancer patients referred to their care. They 

recommended that prognosis be presented as a range, since that doubled the rate of 

proving to be accurate, but they noted that prognosis “is still very often inaccurate, except 

very close to death.” Indeed, the patient’s actual survival time lay outside of the 

predicted range in 58% of cases. 

Prognostication for heart failure seems to be especially difficult. In SUPPORT, the 

median prognosis for heart failure patients on the day that turned out to be the day before 

death was just about 50% to live for 6 months.28 Poses et al29 tested emergency room

physicians providing care for heart failure patients with an acute exacerbation, evaluating 

the accuracy of their estimates for three months and for one year survival. Their 

discriminatory ability was modest, with areas under the receiver operating curve of 0.66 

for 90 days survival and 0.63 for a year. Indeed, in that study, of 1173 patients with 1603 

visits, only 15 patients were estimated to have less than a 10% chance to live 90 days, but 

one-third of these patients lived that long and 208 others died within 90 days. 

Pirovano et al30 formally combined key elements from physiology and demographics 

with the clinician’s prediction of survival and the Karnofsky performance status measure, 

thereby forming the Palliative Prognostic Score. In cancer, that score does serve to 

define three groups with median survivals of 64, 32, and 11 days. The utility for sorting 

“end of life” from the rest of humanity is limited because the groups have substantial 

overlap, and the overall survival is short. The strong role of performance status in 

predicting survival time in cancer was underscored in Vigano et al’s systematic review of 

prognostic factors in cancer31 which showed that 13 of the 13 prognostic models 

reviewed had tested a performance status measure and found it to be significant in 

predicting survival among people with advanced cancer. Vigano identified a number of 

symptoms that also often appeared to be independent predictors in prior research, 

although this systematic review underscored the methodological limitations of the studies 

in existence in 1999. 

In SUPPORT, the physicians’ estimates were also entered into the multivariable 

prognostic model and the resulting model performed measurably better than either the 

physicians alone or the multivariable model alone. 

Others have tested expert prognostications. Arkes et al32 underscored the mismatch 

between patients, surrogates and physicians, showing that patients were remarkably overoptimistic and physicians generally over-pessimistic. Pearlman 33 presented one case with 

acute and chronic respiratory failure to 205 physicians and asked for an estimate of 

survival. The range was from one month to five years with a median of about six 

A-7 
months. Social and preference factors had a substantial bearing on the estimated 

survival. 

Testing Prognostic Estimates

A few reports have tested a prognostic scoring system or model in a patient 

population, usually seeing the sensitivity and specificity of the test at 6 months. The 

SUPPORT article by Fox et al34 showed the generally inadequate ability of the 

SUPPORT prognostic model to discern what patients with lung, heart, or liver failure 

were qualified for hospice. Testing a broad inclusion criterion, an intermediate one, and 

a narrow one, the sensitivity and specificity moves from 42% and 67% for the broad 

criteria to 1.4% and 99.5% for the narrow criteria. Obviously, the trade-off between 

sensitivity and specificity was extreme and the criteria did not provide a method by which 

to identify the potential hospice population without unacceptable error rates of inclusion 

or exclusion. 

Most of the models built around a specific illness have used data from populations 

that have very few people who are quite elderly. SUPPORT, for example, has an average 

age at death that is more than a decade younger than the average age at death in the U.S. 

population. In general, then, the models do not take account of the contribution of 

advanced age or of multiple co-morbidities that are life-threatening. A series of reports 

has aimed to build a model for understanding the role of competing co-morbidities, 

especially in estimating the merits of treatments that affect the survival time from one 

illness.35-38 When patients have multiple serious conditions, delaying death from one 

cause has the effect of making it more likely to come to the end of life with another. In 

populations like SUPPORT, few patients have more than one fatal illness. In older 

populations, frailty and lack of reserve capacity in various vital systems often creates a 

cascade of life-threatening complications. Indeed, Morrison and Siu39 reported that 

pneumonia or hip fracture have only about 12% mortality within six months if the 

patients are cognitively intact, while those with serious dementia have more than 50% 

mortality. Multivariable models that take account of the interaction among causes of 

death in making prognostications are not in evidence, though a new specific statistical 

approach has been developed and applied to AIDS. 

Many models do take into account a simple measure of co-morbidity such as the 

Charlson Co-Morbidity Index, the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27, the Index of CoExistent Disease, and the Kaplan-Feinstein Comorbidity Index.. In all such reports, when 

adjusted for severity of the underlying illness, substantial additional co-morbidity 

increased the likelihood of dying. For example, in Piccirillo et al,40 patients with severe 

co-morbidity had adjusted hazard ratio for death of 2.56 (95% CI, 2.35-2.81) and even 

mild co-morbidity carried an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.21 (95% CI, 1.13-1.30), in 

comparison with patients with no co-morbidity. These measures do add some

explanatory power to predictive models, but Piccirillo’s models have a C-statistic of 0.7-

0.8. Co-morbidity and competing causes of death have multiple impacts upon the likely 

survival, from becoming primary causes of death or limiting the aggressiveness of 

treatment to altering the patient’s and the family members’ assessment of the desirability 

of undertaking troubling courses of treatment. Nevertheless, in general, the prognostic 

models that are available for predicting survival for individual patients either did not 

A-8 
include many patients old enough to raise these concerns or did not adjust for these 

factors. 

Indeed, even how to weigh the role of treatment effects upon prognostication is not 

standardized. If prognosis could be much better with treatment, but the patient refuses or 

cannot get the treatment, then is the patient’s prognosis simply that of the untreated 

patient? Does it matter if the patient who initially refuses could change his or her mind 

for a substantial period of time? These issues have not yet been part of the discussion 

over prognostication, perhaps because they are largely irrelevant in hospice enrollment 

when the patient’s physicians must certify prognosis. In a gesture to limit the risk of 

choosing to accept an earlier death and thereby to qualify for hospice, enrollment now 

requires that the prognosis rely upon “the normal course of the individual’s illness.”41

One report did examine the association of age, aggressiveness of care, and survival, 

showing that older patients did get less aggressive care and did have shorter survival, but 

that these two findings were not themselves associated. At least in the SUPPORT 

database, survival was not affected by care patterns at each hospital or by the 

intervention, which aimed to increase communication and awareness of prognosis.42

Volicer et al.43 built a model for predicting survival of dementia patients after an episode 

of fever. The model’s two strongest elements are treatment variables: the management 

strategy as to whether to pursue a palliative approach or a conventional approach, and the 

recency of having been admitted for long-term care. These had odds ratios of 4.25 for 

palliative care and 7.78 for having recently been admitted, while physiological severity 

and age had odds ratios only a little more than 1. It is not clear that prognostic models 

should simply incorporate treatment strategies. At least at the extreme, a treatment 

strategy can be self-enforcing with regard to survival: consider the effect of deciding to

implement terminal sedation. 

The status of the category “end of life”

This review of the literature shows that various concepts of the “end of life” are in 

actual use, and none of them have had substantial empirical validation of potential 

defining characteristics. Prognostication models and clinician estimates are useful for 

generally forecasting a patient’s future; however, they are not sufficiently precise or 

generalizable for splitting those with short prognoses who are to be eligible for services 

tailored to the end of life from those with longer prognoses who are to continue to use the 

ordinary health care system. Furthermore, the definitional strategies other than 

prognostication have only clinical experience behind them, without any formal 

definitions or examination of their performance characteristics. 

A-9 
Reference List 

1. Lunney JR, Lynn J, Foley DJ, et al. Patterns of functional decline at the end of life. 

JAMA 2003;289(18):2387-92. 

2. Teno JM, Field MJ, Byock I. Preface: The road taken and to be traveled in

improving end-of-life care. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22(3):713-6. 

3. Covinsky KE, Eng C, Lui LY, et al. The last 2 years of life: functional trajectories 

of frail older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(4):492-8. 

4. Teno JM, Coppola KM. For every numerator, you need a denominator: a simple 

statement but key to measuring the quality of care of the "dying". J Pain 

Symptom Manage 1999;17(2):109-13. 

5. George LK. Research design in end-of-life research: state of science. Gerontologist 

2002;42 Spec No 3:86-98. 

6. Weeks JC, Cook EF, O'Day SJ, et al. Relationship between cancer patients'

predictions of prognosis and their treatment preferences. JAMA 

1998;279(21):1709-14. Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Jun 3;279(21):1746-8. 

PMID: 9624031. Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Oct 28;280(16):1403-4. PMID: 

9800998. Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Oct 28;280(16):1403; author reply 

1404. PMID: 9800997. Erratum in: JAMA 2000 Jan 12;283(2):203. 

7. Pfeifer MP, Mitchell CK, Chamberlain L. The value of disease severity in

predicting patient readiness to address end-of-life issues. Arch Intern Med 

2003;163(5):609-12. 

8. Lynn J, Schuster JL, Kabcenell A. Improving Care for the End of Life: A 

Sourcebook for Health Care Managers and Clinicians. New York: Oxford 

Press; 2000. 

9. Lynn J. Perspectives on care at the close of life. Serving patients who may die soon 

and their families: the role of hospice and other services. JAMA 2001;285(7 

):925-32. 

 10. Reiser SJ, Dyck AJ, Curran WJ. (Eds). Ethics in medicine: Historical perspectives 

and contemporary concerns. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1977. 

 11. Social Security Act. Chapter 7, Subchapter XVIII, Section 1395(x)(dd)(3)(A). U.S. 

Code 42. 

 12. Lynn J, Wilkinson A, Etheredge L. Financing of care for fatal chronic disease: 

opportunities for Medicare reform. West J Med 2001;175(5):299-302. 

A-10 
 13. Steyerberg EW, Harrell FE. Statistical models for prognostication. In: Max MB, 

Lynn J. Symptom research: Methods and opportunities. 2003. 

 14. Glare P, Virik K, Jones M, et al. A systematic review of physicians' survival 

predictions in terminally ill cancer patients. BMJ 2003;327(7408):195. 

Comment in: BMJ. 2003 Nov 1;327(7422):1048-9. PMID: 14593055. 

 15. Knaus WA, Harrell FE Jr, Lynn J, et al. The SUPPORT prognostic model. 

Objective estimates of survival for seriously ill hospitalized adults. Study to 

understand prognoses and preferences for outcomes and risks of treatments. 

Ann Intern Med 1995;122(3):191-203. 

 16. Layde PM, Broste SK, Desbiens N, et al. Generalizability of clinical studies 

conducted at tertiary care medical centers: a population-based analysis. J 

Clin Epidemiol 1996;49(8):835-41. 

 17. Lynn J, Harrell F Jr, Cohn F, et al. Prognoses of seriously ill hospitalized patients 

on the days before death: implications for patient care and public policy. 

New Horiz 1997;5(1):56-61. 

 18. Lynn J, Harrell FE, Cohn F, et al. Defining the "terminally ill": insights from 

SUPPORT. 1996; 35(0093-3058. 1):311-336. 

 19. Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, Hamel MB, et al. Estimating prognosis for nursing home

residents with advanced dementia. 2004-;291(1538-3598. 22):2734-2740. 

 20. Teno JM, Harrell FEJr, Knaus W, et al. Prediction of survival for older hospitalized 

patients: the HELP survival model. Hospitalized Elderly Longitudinal 

Project. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2000;48(5 Suppl):S16-

24. 

 21. Chow E, Fung K, Panzarella T, et al. A predictive model for survival in metastatic 

cancer patients attending an outpatient palliative radiotherapy clinic. Int J 

Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002;53(5):1291-302. 

 22. Lamont EB, Christakis NA. Some elements of prognosis in terminal cancer. 

Oncology (Huntingt) 1999;13(8):1165-70; discussion 1172-4, 1179-80. 

 23. Christakis NA. Predicting patient survival before and after hospice enrollment. 

1998;13(0742-969X. 1-2):71-87. 

 24. Addington-Hall JM, MacDonald LD, Anderson HR. Can the Spitzer Quality of Life 

Index help to reduce prognostic uncertainty in terminal care? Br J Cancer 

1990;62(4):695-9. 

 25. Zhong Z, Lynn J. Lamont/Christakis Article Reviewed. 1999;(13):1172-1173. 

A-11 
 26. Mackillop WJ, Quirt CF. Measuring the accuracy of prognostic judgments in 

oncology. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1997;50(1):21-9. 

 27. Paci E, Miccinesi G, Toscani F, et al. Quality of life assessment and outcome of 

palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;21(3):179-88. 

 28. Lynn J, Harrell F Jr, Cohn F, et al. Prognoses of seriously ill hospitalized patients 

on the days before death: implications for patient care and public policy. 

New Horiz 1997;5(1):56-61. 

 29. Poses RM, Smith WR, McClish DK, et al. Physicians' survival predictions for 

patients with acute congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med 

1997;157(9):1001-7. 

 30. Maltoni M, Pirovano M, Nanni O, et al. Biological indices predictive of survival in 

519 Italian terminally ill cancer patients. Italian Multicenter Study Group on 

Palliative Care. J Pain Symptom Manage 1997;13(1):1-9. 

 31. Vigano A, Watanabe S, Bruera E . Anorexia and cachexia in advanced cancer 

patients. Cancer Surv 1994;21:99-115. 

 32. Arkes HR, Dawson NV, Speroff T, et al. The covariance decomposition of the 

probability score and its use in evaluating prognostic estimates. SUPPORT 

Investigators. 1995; 15(0272-989X. 2):120-131. 

 33. Pearlman RA. Variability in physician estimates of survival for acute respiratory 

failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1987;91(0012-3692. 

4):515-521. 

 34. Fox E, Landrum-McNiff K, Zhong Z, et al. Evaluation of prognostic criteria for 

determining hospice eligibility in patients with advanced lung, heart, or liver 

disease. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. JAMA 

1999;282(17):1638-45. Comment in: JAMA. 1999 Nov 3;282(17):1670-2. 

PMID: 10553796. Comment in: JAMA. 2000 May 17;283(19):2527. PMID: 

10815114. 

 35. Welch HG, Albertsen PC, Nease RF, et al. Estimating treatment benefits for the 

elderly: the effect of competing risks. 1996-;124(0003-4819. 6):577-584. 

 36. Walter LC, Brand RJ, Counsell SR, et al. Development and validation of a 

prognostic index for 1-year mortality in older adults after hospitalization . 

2001-;285(0098-7484. 23):2987-2994. 

 37. Rich JS, Sox HC. Screening in the elderly: principles and practice. 2000-;35(8750-

2836. 10):45-46. 

 38. Sox HC. Screening for disease in older people. 1998;13(0884-8734. 6):424-425. 

A-12 
 39. Morrison RS, Siu AL. Survival in end-stage dementia following acute illness. 

JAMA 2000;284( 1):47-52. Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Jul 5;284(1):87-9. 

PMID: 10872019. Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Nov 15;284(19):2447-8. 

PMID: 11074770. Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Nov 15;284(19):2447; author 

reply 2448. PMID: 11074769. Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Nov 

15;284(19):2447; autho. 

 40. Piccirillo JF, Tierney RM, Costas I, et al. Prognostic importance of comorbidity in a 

hospital-based cancer registry. 2004-;291(1538-3598. 20):2441-2447. 

 41. Social Security Act. Chapter 7, Subchapter XVIII, Section 1814(a)(7). U.S. Code 

42. 

 42. SUPPORT Principal Investigators. A controlled trial to improve care for seriously 

ill hospitalized patients. The study to understand prognoses and preferences 

for outcomes and risks of treatments (SUPPORT). JAMA 

1995;274(20):1591-8. 

 43. Volicer BJ, Hurley A, Fabiszewski KJ, et al. Predicting short-term survival for 

patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease. 1993;41(0002-8614. 5):535-

540. 

A-13 
Appendix B1. NLM Search Strategy 

First Strategy for End of Life from NLM in PubMed – 

Trajectory Issues NOT included 

April 8, 2004 

1. palliative care[mh] OR attitude to death [mh] OR death [mh:noexp] OR terminal 

care[mh:noexp] OR hospice care[mh] OR hospices [mh] OR bereavement [mh] 

OR terminally ill[mh] OR "death and dying"[All Fields] OR "dying loved 

one"[All Fields] OR "dying patient"[All Fields] OR "dying patients"[All Fields]

OR "dying people"[All Fields] OR "dying person"[All Fields] OR "end of 

life"[All Fields] OR "limited life expectancies"[All Fields] OR "limited life 

expectancy"[All Fields] OR "limited life span"[All Fields] OR "limited life 

spans"[All Fields] OR "limited lifespan"[All Fields] OR "limited lifetime"[All 

Fields] OR "imminent death"[All Fields] OR "imminent demise"[All Fields]

Limits: All Adult: 19+ years, Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, 

Human Total: 10,543

2. health care quality, access, and evaluation[mh] OR "outcome and process 

assessment (health care)" [mh] OR consumer satisfaction[mh] OR personal 

satisfaction[mh] OR quality of life[mh] OR quality of health care[mh] OR value 

of life[mh] OR questionnaires [mh] OR interviews [mh] OR psychological tests 

[mh] OR clinical trial[pt] OR clinical trials[mh] OR psychotherapy[mh] OR 

reproducibility of results[mh] OR predictive value of tests[mh] OR psychiatric 

status rating scales [mh] OR (rating AND (scale OR scales)) Total: 789,126

3. #1 AND #2 Total: 7,870

4. sociology [mh] OR continental population groups[mh] OR socioeconomic factors 

[mh] OR education [mh:noexp] OR health education [mh] OR age factors [mh] 

OR sex factors [mh] OR sexuality[mh] OR life style[mh] OR interpersonal 

relations [mh] OR morale [mh] OR internal-external control [mh] OR social 

distance [mh] OR cooperative behavior [mh] OR attitude to health [mh] OR 

religion [mh] OR personality [mh] OR emotions[mh] OR mental competency[mh] 

OR family[mh] OR caregivers[mh] OR friends[mh] OR sexual partners [mh] OR 

social environment [mh] OR visitors to patients [mh] OR communication[mh] 

 Total: 261,455

5. #1 AND #4 Total: 5,258

6. palliative care[mh] OR attitude to death [mh] OR death [mh:noexp] OR terminal 

care[mh:noexp] OR hospice care[mh] OR bereavement [mh] OR terminally 

ill[mh] OR "death and dying"[All Fields] OR "dying loved one"[All Fields] OR 

"dying patient"[All Fields] OR "dying patients"[All Fields] OR "dying 

people"[All Fields] OR "dying person"[All Fields] OR "end of life"[All Fields]

OR "limited life expectancies"[All Fields] OR "limited life expectancy"[All 

Fields] OR "limited life span"[All Fields] OR "limited life spans"[All Fields] OR 

"limited lifespan"[All Fields] OR "limited lifetime"[All Fields] OR "imminent 

death"[All Fields] OR "imminent demise"[All Fields] Limits: All Adult: 19+ 

years, Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, Human Total: 10,395

7. health services needs and demand [mh] OR health facilities [mh:noexp] OR 

academic medical centers [mh] OR health facilities, proprietary [mh] OR health 

B1-1 
Appendix B1. NLM Search Strategy 

facility environment [mh] OR health facility size [mh] OR hospital administration 

[mh] OR hospital units [mh:noexp] OR intensive care units [mh] OR hospitals 

[mh] OR residential facilities [mh] OR community health services [mh:noexp] 

OR community mental health services [mh] OR home care services [mh] OR 

home care agencies [mh] OR counseling [mh] OR suburban health services [mh] 

OR urban health services [mh] OR rural health services [mh] OR women's health 

services [mh:noexp] OR health services for the aged [mh] OR health services, 

indigenous [mh] OR health services [mh:noexp] OR community health nursing 

[mh] OR professional-patient relations [mh] OR public relations [mh] OR 

decision-making, organizational [mh] OR decision support systems, clinical [mh] 

OR institutional management teams [mh] OR patient care management [mh] OR 

role [mh] OR health personnel [mh] OR attitude of health personnel [mh] OR 

patient care [mh:noexp] OR critical care [mh] OR nursing care [mh] OR life 

support care [mh] OR health care economics and organizations [mh] OR resource 

allocation [mh] OR government [mh] OR government programs [mh] 

 Total: 158,202 

8. #6 AND #7 Total: 4,465

9. #3 OR #5 OR #8 Total: 8,944 

10. terminal care/economics OR terminal care/psychology OR terminal 

care/standards OR terminal care/trends OR terminal care/utilization OR terminal 

illness/psychology OR hospice care/economics OR hospice care/psychology OR 

hospice care/standards OR hospice care/trends OR hospice care/utilization 

 Total: 1,570

11. #9 OR #10 Total: 9,154

12. letter [pt] OR news [pt] OR editorial [pt] Total: 83,393 

13. #11 NOT #12 Total: 8,778

14. #9 NOT #12 Total: 8,585

15. euthanasia [mh] OR suicide, assisted [mh] OR pregnancy [mh] OR pregnancy 

complications [mh] OR fetal death [mh] Total: 60,908

16. #13 NOT #15 Total: 8,018

17. #14 NOT #15 Total: 7,912

18. (palliative care OR bereavement OR grief OR terminal care OR hospice care OR 

terminally ill OR hospice OR hospices OR Kubler-Ross OR (attitude* AND 

death) OR "death and dying"[All Fields] OR "dying loved one"[All Fields] OR 

"dying patient"[All Fields] OR "dying patients"[All Fields] OR "dying 

people"[All Fields] OR "dying person"[All Fields] OR "end of life"[All Fields]

OR "limited life expectancies"[All Fields] OR "limited life expectancy"[All 

Fields] OR "limited life span"[All Fields] OR "limited life spans"[All Fields] OR 

"limited lifespan"[All Fields] OR "limited lifetime"[All Fields] OR "imminent 

death"[All Fields] OR "imminent demise"[All Fields]) AND (in process [sb] OR 

publisher [sb]) AND 1990:2004 [pdat] Total: 447

19. #16 OR #18 Total: 8,465

20. #17 OR #18 Total: 8,359

21. #19 NOT case reports [pt] Total: 7,047

22. #20 NOT case reports [pt] Total: 6,961

B1-2 
Appendix B2. Q2-Trajectories Search Strategy

QUESTION #2: 

DATABASE SEARCHED: PUBMED 

TIME PERIOD COVERED: 1990-2004 

OTHER LIMITERS: ENGLISH ONLY, HUMAN ONLY

SEARCH STRATEGY 1A: 

heart failure, congestive OR dementia OR neoplasms

AND 

terminally ill OR chronic disease OR critical illness OR metasta* OR advanced 

AND 

patients[majr] OR patient*[ti] OR family[majr] OR family[ti] OR families[ti] 

AND 

spirituality OR pain OR emotions OR dyspnea OR depression OR attitute to death OR population 

characteristics OR psychology[sh] 

AND 

quality of life OR quality of health care OR patient satisfaction OR patient advocacy OR decision 

making 

NOT 

gene OR genetic* OR chromosom* OR surgery[sh] OR radiotherapy OR drug therapy[sh] OR 

pathology OR epidemiology OR case report OR treatment outcome 

SEARCH STRATEGY 1B: 

heart failure, congestive OR dementia OR neoplasms

AND 

terminally ill OR chronic disease OR critical illness OR metasta* OR advanced 

AND 

health care facilities, manpower and services OR quality of health care OR health services

research OR health services OR insurance, health OR patient care management 

AND 

quality of life OR quality of health care OR patient satisfaction OR patient advocacy OR decision 

making 

NOT 

gene OR genetic* OR chromosom* OR surgery[sh] OR radiotherapy OR drug therapy[sh] OR 

pathology OR epidemiology OR case report OR treatment outcome 

NUMBER OF ITEMS RETRIEVED FOR BOTH SEARCHES: 961

B2-1 
Appendix B2. Q2-Trajectories Search Strategy

B2-2 
Appendix B3. DARE Search Strategy

DARE -Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects

We searched DARE using the following individual terms: 

Caregiver, coordination, continuity, advance care planning, advance care, DNR, 

resuscitation orders, communication, dyspnea. 

We also searched for systematic reviews in the area of pain by combining ‘pain’ with the 

following disease-specific terms: 

Cancer, neoplasms, COPD, CHF, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive 

heart failure, dementia, cirrhosis. The term ‘pain’ was combined with all other disease 

categories. 

Category: Number of Citations

caregiver(s) 31

advance care planning 0 

resuscitation 21

DNR 1

dyspnea 12

continuity 20

coordination 20

communication 103

pain + disease-specific terms 92 

One of us (KL) completed a title review on all citations identified, yielding a set of

citations that was subjected to formal abstract review (using our systematic review 

screener). 

B3-1 
Appendix B4. RAND Search Strategy

REVISED STRATEGY FOR END OF LIFE QUESTION 1, PUBMED

Roberta Shanman, 4/20/04 

#1 Search death[ti] OR death[mh:noexp] OR "dying loved one" OR "dying patient" OR "dying patients"

OR "dying people" OR "dying person" OR "last year of life" OR "end of life" OR "terminal illness" OR 

"terminal illnesses" OR terminal care OR "death and dying" OR "limited life expectancies" OR "limited

life expectancy" OR "limited life span" OR "limited lifespan" OR "limited life spans" OR terminally ill OR 

critical illness OR frail elderly Field: All Fields, Limits: Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, 

Human 16:16:25 40006 

#2 Search delivery of health care OR quality assurance, health care OR "outcome and process assessment 

(health care)" OR quality of life OR quality indicators OR quality of health care OR patient care 

management OR continuity of care OR outcome[ti] OR outcomes[ti] OR consumer satisfaction OR patient

satisfaction OR personal satisfaction Limits: Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, Human 

16:17:11 1418497 

#3 Search pain/th OR pain/psychology OR "pain management" OR "pain assessment" OR "relieve 

suffering" OR "relieve symptoms" OR palliative care[mh] OR pain[ti] OR "pain relief" OR discomfort OR 

"physical comfort" OR "comfort care" OR "symptom distress" OR "symptom burden" OR "symptom

control" OR "symptom intensity" OR "symptom management" OR "symptom relief" OR "pain distress"

OR "pain easing" OR "pain free" Limits: Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, Human 16:18:17

72663 

#4 Search "psychological distress" OR psychology[sh] OR wellbeing OR "well being" OR anxiety OR

anxious OR anxiety disorders[mh] OR depression OR depressive disorder[mh] OR depressed OR "attitude

to death" OR neoplasms/psychology OR "emotional health" OR spiritual OR emotions OR support[ti] OR

supportive OR communication OR relationships OR religion OR religiosity OR "treatment decision" OR 

decisionmaking OR "decision making" Limits: Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, Human 

16:19:56 445112 

#5 Search home care services/standards OR home nursing/st OR hospice care/st OR "nursing assistance" 

OR nursing homes/st OR residential facilities/st OR intensive care units/st OR life support care/st OR 

"home care" OR hospice* OR "nursing homes"[tiab] OR "nursing home"[tiab] OR "intensive care"[tiab]

OR icu[tiab] OR icus[tiab] OR "place of death" OR health care facilities, manpower and services OR 

caregiver* OR caregivers OR "care giving" OR family[mh] OR family[tiab] OR families[tiab] OR "social 

services" OR "social support" Limits: Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, Human 16:20:48

247909 

#6 Search #1 AND #2 Limits: Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, Human 16:21:30 22453 

#7 Search #3 OR #4 OR #5 Limits: Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, Human 16:21:51 669678 

#8 Search #6 AND #7 Limits: Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, Human 16:22:07 14020 

#9 Search #8 NOT (letter[pt] OR news[pt] OR editorial[pt] OR case reports[pt]) Limits: Publication Date 

from 1990 to 2004, English, Human 16:22:56 11505 

#10 Search #9 NOT (ethics[mh] OR euthanasia[mh] OR suicide, assisted[mh] OR pregnancy[mh] OR

pregnancy complications[mh] OR fetal death[mh]) Limits: Publication Date from 1990 to 2004, English, 

Human 16:24:59 

TOTAL TITLES 8,284

When compared with NLM search, 3,748 new and unique titles identified by this search strategy.

B4-1 
Appendix C. Health Canada Reports 

 

Table C1. Health Canada Reports- Relevant to Key Questions

Study Report Title Relevant to Key Questions

Wilson, D (in press) 1 Outcomes and Evaluation of end of life 

care 

Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 2 The needs of dying persons Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 3 End of life case management Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 4 The needs of the families of dying 

persons 

Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 5 Continuity of end of life care Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 6 Managing End of life pain and other 

symptoms through non-pharmacological 

means 

Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 7 End of life spiritual and psychosocial 

issues 

Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 8 End of life care in acute care hospitals Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 9 End of life care in residential continuingcare facilities Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 10 Culture and end of life care Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 11 The home as a place of end of life care Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 12 Gender differences in the experience of 

the dying process 

Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 13 End of life care in intensive care units Yes 

Wilson, D (in press) 14 End of life care in rural or remote areas Yes 

C-1 
Appendix C. Health Canada Reports 

 

Table C2. Health Canada Reports - Not Relevant to Key Questions 

Author Report Title Relevant to Key Questions

Wilson, D (in press) Australia site visit report No 

Wilson, D (in press) Bereavement No 

Wilson, D (in press) Canadian end of life care programs, 

models, and approaches 

No 

Wilson, D (in press) End of life topics addressed in

randomized controlled clinical trials 

research

No 

Wilson, D (in press) Palliative day care No 

Wilson, D (in press) Integrated end of life care: a Health 

Canada synthesis research project 

No 

Wilson, D (in press) New developments in end of life care No 

Wilson, D (in press) Pediatric end of life care No 

Wilson, D (in press) End of life prognostication No 

Wilson, D (in press) Web-based questionnaire data analysis 

report 

No 

Wilson, D (in press) End of life respite care No 

Wilson, D (in press) Literature reviews that have focused on

end of life care

No 

Wilson, D (in press) New Zealand site visit report No 

Wilson, D (in press) International end of life care delivery 

models or approaches 

No 

Wilson, D (in press) Provincial home care data analysis report No 

Wilson, D (in press) Education in Canada for end of life care No 

Wilson, D (in press) Canada site visit report No 

Wilson, D (in press) Aboriginal end of life care No 

C-2 
Appendix C. Health Canada Reports 

 

Reference List 

1. In: Wilson D. Outcomes and Evaluation of end of life care. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: 

University of Alberta. draft in press. 

2. In: Wilson D. The needs of dying persons. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: University of 

Alberta. draft in press. 

3. In: Wilson D. End of life case management. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: University of 

Alberta. draft in press. 

4. In: Wilson D. The needs of the families of dying persons. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: 

University of Alberta. draft in press. 

5. In: Wilson D. Continuity of end of life care. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: University of 

Alberta. draft in press. 

6. In: Wilson D. Managing End of life pain and other symptoms through non-pharmacological 

means. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: University of Alberta. draft in press. 

7. In: Wilson D. End of life spiritual and psychosocial issues. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: 

University of Alberta. draft in press. 

8. In: Wilson D. End of life care in acute care hospitals. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: 

University of Alberta. draft in press. 

9. In: Wilson D. End of life care in residential continuing-care facilities. Edmonton, Alberta 

Canada: University of Alberta. draft in press. 

 10. In: Wilson D. Culture and end of life care. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: University of 

Alberta. draft in press. 

 11. In: Wilson D. The home as a place of end of life care. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: 

University of Alberta. draft in press. 

 12. In: Wilson D. Gender differences in the experience of the dying process. Edmonton, 

Alberta Canada: University of Alberta. draft in press. 

 13. In: Wilson D. End of life care in intensive care units. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: 

University of Alberta. draft in press. 

 14. In: Wilson D. End of life care in rural or remote areas. Edmonton, Alberta Canada: 

University of Alberta. draft in press. 

C-3 
Appendix D1. Sample: Abstract Screening Form 

End of Life Care and Outcomes

FINAL ABSTRACT SCREENER

1. Article ID: 

2. First Author (last name): 

3. Reviewer: (CIRCLE ONE ONLY)

Dy.................................... 1 Mularski .......................... 5

Hughes............................ 2 Shugarman ..................... 6

Lorenz ............................. 3 Sun ................................. 7

Lynn ................................ 4 Wilkinson ........................ 8 

Other .................................... 9 (specify__________________)

4. Population, intervention, outcome exclusions:

 (CIRCLE ONE ONLY)

Not about end of life care ...................................... 1 STOP

Related only to sudden, violent, non-chronic 

deaths ................................................................ 2 STOP

Evaluating chemotherapy, surgery, stents, laser, 

or radiation interventions ................................... 3 STOP

No outcomes specified .......................................... 4 STOP

Outcome unrelated to patients, family, nonprofessional caregivers ...................................... 5 STOP

Primarily useful as a background paper ................. 6 STOP

Primarily about prognosis or trajectories ................ 7 STOP

Data is older than 1990 ......................................... 8 STOP

None of the above.................................................. 9 

5. Study population: (CIRCLE ONE ONLY)

Human.................................................................... 1

Non-human ........................................................... 2 STOP

Unclear................................................................... 3

6. Subjects: (CIRCLE ONE ONLY)

Adults (>19 years) included.................................... 1

Only children (<18 years) ....................................... 2 STOP

Mix or Unclear........................................................ 3

7. Study location: (CIRCLE ONE ONLY)

US, Canada, Europe, or Australia / NZ .................. 1

Non-Western .......................................................... 2 STOP

Mix or unclear......................................................... 3

8. Design: (CIRCLE ONE ONLY)

Qualitative research ............................................... 1 

Systematic review or Meta-analysis ...................... 2 

Non-systematic review ........................................... 3 STOP

Any observational study (< 30 cases) .................... 4 STOP

Last updated: 05/25/04 

Any non-intervention observational study (> 30 

cases)................................................................. 5 

Any intervention study (Answer Q9)...................... 6 

Unclear................................................................... 7 

9. Does the study report an intervention? 

(CIRCLE ONE FOR EACH QUESTION) Yes No Unclear 

Does the investigator control assignment? 

............................................................. 1..........2 ......3 

Is there a comparison / control group? 

............................................................. 1..........2 ......3 

Is the intervention a non-chemotherapy drug? 

............................................................. 1..........2 ......3 

10. Topic(s): (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

A ‘good death’, ‘quality of dying’............................ 

Patient/family satisfaction with terminal care......... 

Methods paper (e.g. measure development) ........ 

Measures (outcomes or intervention related): 

Family or informal caregiver concerns (nonbereavement) ......................................... 

Family or informal caregiver concerns 

(bereavement only) ................................  STOP

Advance care planning .................................. 

Continuity and coordination ........................... 

Symptoms: 

Pain ........................................................ 

Dyspnea ................................................. 

Depression, delirium, anxiety, other 

affective/ behavioral symptoms........... 

Other symptoms (STOP if only one checked) .. 

Other (STOP if only one checked)........................... 

Unclear ................................................................. 

IF OTHER SYMPTOM OR OTHER MEASURE ONLY, THEN STOP

11.Type of disease(s): (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

Lung cancer .......................................................... 

Breast cancer........................................................ 

Colorectal cancer.................................................. 

Other or mixed cancer ......................................... 

Heart failure (CHF)................................................ 

Other or mixed heart disease................................ 

Advanced chronic lung disease ............................ 

(e.g. COPD or other)

End stage liver disease......................................... 

End stage renal disease ....................................... 

Dementia............................................................... 

(e.g. Alzheimer’s, multi-infarct, HIV, and other)

Stroke or other neurodegenerative disease .......... 

HIV / AIDS............................................................. 

Multiple chronic illnesses of aging – frailty ............ 

Other single cancer............................................... 

Other mixed cancer............................................... 

Unclear ................................................................ 

12.Secondary review required: (CIRCLE ONE ONLY)

Yes......................................................................... 1 

No .......................................................................... 2 

Notes: 
Appendix D2. Sample: Systematic Review Short Form 

End of Life Care and Outcomes 

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FINAL SCREENER

1. Article ID: 

2. First Author (last name): 

3. Reviewer: (CIRCLE ONE ONLY)

Maglione.........................1 

Other...............................2 

(specify__________________)

4. Primarily useful as a background paper?

Yes........................................................................

No .........................................................................

5. Topic: (check ALL that apply)

A ‘good death’, ‘quality of dying’........................

Patient/family satisfaction with terminal care.......

Methods paper (e.g. measure development) .........

Measures (outcomes or intervention related):

Family or informal caregiver concerns (nonbereavement) ..........................................

Family or informal caregiver concerns 

(bereavement only) ................................ (STOP)

Advance care planning ..................................

Continuity and coordination ..........................

Symptoms:

Pain .........................................................

Dyspnea..................................................

Affective/ behavioral symptoms.............

Other end of life care.......................................... (STOP)

Not end of life care............................................. (STOP)

6. Type of disease(s): (check ALL that apply)

Lung cancer...................................................... 

Breast cancer .................................................... 

Colorectal cancer.............................................. 

Other or mixed cancer ..................................... 

Heart failure (CHF) .......................................... 

Other or mixed heart disease ............................ 

Advanced chronic lung disease ........................ 

(e.g. COPD or other)

End stage liver disease...................................... 

End stage renal disease..................................... 

Dementia .......................................................... 

(e.g. Alzheimer’s, multi-infarct, HIV, and 

other)

Stroke or other neurodegenerative disease ....... 

HIV / AIDS ...................................................... 

Multiple chronic illnesses of aging – frailty ..... 

Other single cancer........................................... 

Other mixed cancer........................................... 

Unclear ............................................................ 

7. Year literature search ended?

(enter 9999 if not reported) ___ ___ ___ ___ 

8. Year of publication?

(enter 9999 if not reported) ___ ___ ___ ___ 

9. Study Design: (check ALL that apply)

Systematic Review......................................

 Meta-analysis ..............................................

 Review ....................................................... (STOP)

 Other............................................................ (STOP)

 Unclear........................................................ (STOP) 

10. Were the following study characteristics reported? (CIRCLE ONE ONLY)

 Yes No 

 Search strategy ............1 ...............2 (If No then STOP)

 Inclusion Criteria.........1 ...............2 (If No then STOP)

062204 cr 
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Anderson, 19941 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 2 Setting: Clinical services in 2 large hospitals Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 104-I, 100-C Disease: Other Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Let Me Decide advance directive forms. 

Outcomes: Level oResults: No differand psych well becontrol groups. 

Campbell, 20032 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 0 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 40-retrospective analysis vs. 41-proactive cohort Disease: Single disease: Stroke or other neurode Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Meet with family daily to discuss patient’s prognosis & treatment goals, Implementing DNR orders and Comfort measures. 

Outcomes: HospitDeath/Mortality. Results: Proactive decreased hospitatime between idenestablishment of cdecreased use of 

Heffner, 19973 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Greenwall Foundation 

Sample size: 50-I vs. 43-C Disease: Single disease: Advanced chronic lung disease Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females 

Educational workshop on AD and other end-of-life issues, Patients given pamphlets on AD, printed living will, durable powers of attorney for health care. 

Outcomes: Physicagreement/undersincluding DNR, Pain chart, Patient rePatient report of lifPatient report of awith MD. Results: The educin all five study ouhad an increase in 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Holzpfel, 20024 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 1 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 475-I Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males

4-step protocol for decision makingin end-of-life care, Changes intreatment pattern required agreement. 

Outcomes: Simplif(SAPS), Use of mmechanical vent > Death/Mortality, Dwithdrawing life suResults: Withdrawperformed in 17% stay was 10 days. 

Jack, 20045 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 1 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 50-I vs. 50-C Disease: Single disease: Advanced cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females 

Palliative care team consultation. Outcomes: Palliati

Results: Patients isignificantly greatescores. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Lilly, 20006 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 0 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 

Sample size: 134-pre-I vs. 396-I Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: African-American, Hispanic and other Gender: Males

Attending physician-led meetings with patients and their families. 

Outcomes: Mortalproviders. Results: Intensive reduced the media

Lilly, 20037 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 0 Setting: Hospital–ICU Funding: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 

Sample size: 134-pre-I vs. 396-I vs. 2361-4-year follow-upDisease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: African-American, Hispanic and other Gender: Males and females 

Intensive communication sessions among providers, patients and families. 

Outcomes: ICU - lResults: Intensive significant and durof stay and ICU m

Ratner, 20018 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 0 Setting: Home health care Funding: Allina Foundation 

Sample size: 83 Disease: Unclear Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Discussion of ACP process withpatients and their families during home visits, Documentation of health care directives using anACP tool. 

Outcomes: Chart bdirective, Time betLocation of death, care. Results: Of patienpreference for locawanted this care to 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Schwartz, 20029 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 3 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Fairlawn Foundation,the Umass Memorial Foundation, and the Stoddard Charitable Trust in Worcester, MA 

Sample size: 31-I vs. 30-C Disease: Unclear Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Males and females 

Facilitated "Respecting Choices" interview with informational pamphlet vs. nondirective interview.

Outcomes: Attitudmaking (questionnconcurrence in entreatment preferenResults: Interventicongruence betweunderstanding of ppreferences. Intervwilling to undergo new serious medictolerate poor healt

Stuart, 200310 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 1 Setting: Home health care Funding: RWJ Foundation 

Sample size: 208 Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females 

Implementing the "CHOICES"home care management program. 

Outcomes: Locatioand palliative careResults: Preliminaprogram's feasibilifamilies, physician

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Weisbord, 200311 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: The Project on Death in America Faculty Scholars Program, the Greenwall Foundation, Ladies Hospital Aid Society of Western Pennsylvania, the InternationalUnion Against Cancer, Yamagiwa-Yoshida Memorial International Cancer Study Grant Fellowship, and the LAS Trust Foundation. 

Sample size: 19 Disease: Single disease: Kidneydisease/Renal failureSeverity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Palliative care physicians performed an initial evaluation (using a standard intake form and doing a comprehensive history and physical exam) during dialysis visit, Written recommendations developed at weekly team meeting given to patient and their nephrologists. 

Outcomes: Patiendiscussion with Mtreatment preferencare. Results: No differesymptoms, HRQoestablishing advanintervention. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Teno, 199712 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Hospital (ICU and nonICU) Funding: RWJ Foundation 

Sample size: 9,105 patients (4,301 in Phase I  4,804 in Phase II), patients & physicians randomized into T(n=2,652) or C (n= 2,152). Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: African-American and other Gender: Males and females 

Physicians in the intervention group received computer- basedestimates of the likelihood of 6 month survival for every day up to 6 months, outcomes of CPR, and functional disability at 2 months, A trained RN communicated w/patients & families regarding treatment preferences, communicated these preferences to care team to improve understanding and patientphysician communication. 

Outcomes: Time twritten/DNR, Physagreement/undersincluding DNR, Frof care / resource Results: No evidenenhanced the effemeasures of resus

Dowdy, 199813 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 1 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: Bon Secours-St. Mary'sHealth Care Foundation and the Trigon Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Virginia 

Sample size: 37-C1, 31-C2 vs. 31-I Disease: Unclear Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Females 

Ethics service intervention after patient received >96 hours of continuous mechanical ventilation. 

Outcomes: Frequetreatment discussiAD/DPA and treatof stay, Cost of caDeath/Mortality. Results: More freqcommunications, mforgo life-sustaininlength of stay in thconsultation group

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Schneiderman,200314 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: AHRQ Grant 

Sample size: 278-I vs. 273-C Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: African-American, Hispanic, Asian and other Gender: Females 

Ethics consultation (not the standard of care at the time). 

Outcomes: ICU - lof stay, Life-sustaisurviving to dischaResults: The intervshowed no differeintervention was ahospital and ICU dtreatments with veultimately did not s

Molloy, 200015 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Nursing home Funding: AHRQ Grant (RO1 HS07878-02S1) 

Sample size: 636-I vs. 656-C Disease: Unclear Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Females 

Let Me Decide AD program involving education of staff, residents, and families about Ads and forms to complete. 

Outcomes: Patienresource intensitytreatment preferenwithdrawing life suDeath/Mortality. Results: Satisfactidifferent between nursing homes. Inreported fewer hosless resource use

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Dexter, 199816 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: AHRQ Grant 

Sample size: 1009 (253-Control group, 219-Instruction directive group, 260-proxy directive group, 277-instruction directive and proxy directive group Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Asian Gender: Females 

Computer-generated reminders to discuss ADs, Computer-generated reminders for proxy directives, Computer-generated reminders to both instruction and proxy directives. 

Outcomes: Complpreferences. Results: MDs who advance directives compared to only group MDs. 

Rubin, 199417 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 0 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Institute of Mental Health grant, and RWJ Foundation 

Sample size: 1001 (552-I, 549-C) Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Unclear Race: African-American, Hispanic, Asian and other Gender: Males

Patients mailed durable power of attorney (DPA) informational brochure and DPA form. 

Outcomes: Frequetreatment discussiResults: 18.5% of completed a durabto 0.4% of the con

18 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care 

Sample size: 95-I vs. 92-C Disease: Unclear Severity: Unclear Race: Other 

Educational workshop on AD and other end-of-life issues, Patients given pamphlets on AD, printed living will, durable powers of attorney for health care.

Outcomes: Comtreatment preferResults: At one-intervention groucompletion versucompletion of ad

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Funding: Department of Clinical Investigations, Walter Reed Army Medical Center 

Gender: Not reported 

73% of the AD gplanning as comgroup. 

19 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (ICU and non-ICU) Funding: RWJ Foundation 

Sample size: 386-I vs. 331-C Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

A trained RN communicated w/ patients & families/surrogates regarding treatment preferences to promote patientsurrogate agreement. 

Outcomes: Patieend-of-life care. Results: The SUnot successful in between patients findings suggest communication awhen patients arsurrogate is not relative. 

20 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Summa Health System Foundation, FamilyPractice Clinical Research Center, Kent State University Applied Psychology Centerand the Department of Family Medicine at the Northeastern Ohio Universities College ofMedicine grant D15 PE55048-01 from the Depart 

Sample size: 85-I vs. 15-C Disease: Unclear Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Physician-initiated discussion of AD. 

Outcomes: Attitudecision-making perception of MD understanding oor affective stateResults: Neither emotional or attigroup showed pattitudinal respoincluding an incrincreased sense understanding, adiscussion abouweek following th

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

Reference List 

1. Anderson JP, Kaplan RM, Schneiderman LJ. Effects of offering advance directives on 

quality adjusted life expectancy and psychological well-being among ill adults. 

J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47(7):761-72. 

2. Campbell ML, Guzman JA. Impact of a proactive approach to improve end-of-life care 

in a medical ICU. Chest 2003;123(1):266-71. Comment in: Chest. 2003 

Jan;123(1):16-8. PMID: 12527596. 

3. Heffner JE, Fahy B, Hilling L, et al. Outcomes of advance directive education of 

pulmonary rehabilitation patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 

1997;155(3):1055-9. 

4. Holzapfel L, Demingeon G, Piralla B, et al. A four-step protocol for limitation of 

treatment in terminal care. An observational study in 475 intensive care unit 

patients. Intensive Care Med 2002;28(9):1309-15. Comment in: Intensive Care 

Med. 2002 Sep;28(9):1197-9. PMID: 12400561. 

5. Jack B, Hillier V, Williams A, et al. Hospital based palliative care teams improve the 

insight of cancer patients into their disease. Palliat Med 2004;18(1):46-52. 

6. Lilly CM, De Meo DL, Sonna LA, et al. An intensive communication intervention for 

the critically ill. Am J Med 2000;109(6):469-75. 

7. Lilly CM, Sonna LA, Haley KJ, et al. Intensive communication: four-year follow-up

from a clinical practice study. Crit Care Med 2003;31(5 Suppl):S394-9. 

8. Ratner E, Norlander L, McSteen K. Death at home following a targeted advance-care 

planning process at home: the kitchen table discussion. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2001;49(6):778-81. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Jun;49(6):833-4. 

PMID: 11454127. 

9. Schwartz CE, Wheeler HB, Hammes B, et al. Early intervention in planning end-of-life 

care with ambulatory geriatric patients: results of a pilot trial. Arch Intern Med 

2002;162(14):1611-8. 

 10. Stuart B, D'Onofrio CN, Boatman S, et al. CHOICES: promoting early access to endof-life care through home-based transition management. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(4):671-83. 

 11. Weisbord SD, Carmody SS, Bruns FJ, et al. Symptom burden, quality of life, advance 

care planning and the potential value of palliative care in severely ill 

haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18(7):1345-52. Comment 

in: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Dec;18(12):2688. PMID: 14605313. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = 

Intensive Care Unit, 

CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = 

Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, 

HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 

E1-10 
Appendix E1. IS - Advance Care Planning Evidence Table

 12. Teno J, Lynn J, Wenger N, et al. Advance directives for seriously ill hospitalized 

patients: effectiveness with the patient self-determination act and the SUPPORT 

intervention. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 

1997;45(4):500-7. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Apr;45(4):519-20. 

PMID: 9100724. 

 13. Dowdy MD, Robertson C, Bander JA. A study of proactive ethics consultation for 

critically and terminally ill patients with extended lengths of stay. Critical Care 

Medicine 1998;26(2):252-9. 

 14. Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, Teetzel HD, et al. Effect of ethics consultations on 

nonbeneficial life-sustaining treatments in the intensive care setting: a 

randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290(9):1166-72. 

 15. Molloy DW, Guyatt GH, Russo R, et al. Systematic implementation of an advance 

directive program in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 

2000;283(11):1437-44. 

 16. Dexter PR, Wolinsky FD, Gramelspacher GP, et al. Effectiveness of computergenerated reminders for increasing discussions about advance directives and 

completion of advance directive forms. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann 

Intern Med 1998;128(2):102-10. 

 17. Rubin SM, Strull WM, Fialkow MF, et al. Increasing the completion of the durable 

power of attorney for health care. A randomized, controlled trial. JAMA 

1994;271(3):209-12. 

 18. Landry FJ, Kroenke K, Lucas C, et al. Increasing the use of advance directives in 

medical outpatients. J Gen Intern Med 1997;12(7):412-5. 

 19. Marbella AM, Desbiens NA, Mueller-Rizner N, et al. Surrogates' agreement with 

patients' resuscitation preferences: effect of age, relationship, and SUPPORT 

intervention. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatment. J Crit Care 1998;13(3):140-5. 

 20. Smucker WD, Ditto PH, Moore KA, et al. Elderly outpatients respond favorably to a 

physician-initiated advance directive discussion. J Am Board Fam Pract 

1993;6(5):473-82. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = 

Intensive Care Unit, 

CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = 

Advance Directive, 

MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of Attorney, 

HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 

E1-11 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Ahrens, 20031 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 0 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: Local grant (BarnesJewish Foundation) 

Sample size: 151 (43 - I, 108 - C) Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Communication - MD / nurse specialist communication team. 

Outcomes: ICU leICU mortality, HosResults: Comparepatients in the intesignificantly shortecare unit and the hand variable costs

SUPPORT, 19952 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: RWJ 

Sample size: 4804 (2652 - I, 2152 -C) Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Communication - MD / nurse specialist communication team, Feedback/benchmarking, Painassessment, Eliciting patient preferences. 

Outcomes: Pain, IPhysician awareneagreement with paResults: Compareintervention patienin patient-physiciatargeted outcomesnot reduce use of 

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Detmar, 20033 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Dutch Cancer Society 

Sample size: 214 patients, 10physicians (pairs) Disease: Predominately one disease: Breast cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Pre-visit HRQOL questionnaire with standardized reporting to the physician. 

Outcomes: Commaudiotape derivedHRQOL (physician report), HRQOL-rePatient satisfactionResults: Health-rewere discussed siintervention than ithe intervention grpercentage of patisevere health probpatients believed tfacilitated communinterest in its conti

Hughes, 20004 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Home health care Funding: VA HSR&D and Cooperative Studies Program 

Sample size: 981 -I, 985- C - 289 of these were "terminally ill" Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Nursing palliative care / case managers, 24- hour availability, Discharge planning, Homebased primary care. 

Outcomes: Quality Patient satisfactionResults: Team-macare improved moterminally ill patiennon-terminally ill pcaregiver HR-QoLcaregiver burden areadmission. 

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Latimer, 19985 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Local grant (Hamilton, Ontario civic hospitals) 

Sample size: 21 (12 - I, 9 - C) out of 46 randomized Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Patient-carried medical record(Patient Care Traveling Record). 

Outcomes: Pain, MUtilization, Patient Results: 21 patienthe exception of thusing the Patient Creported decreasefollow-up. There whealth care servicestates, pain relief, care. 

Marbella, 19986 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: RWJ 

Sample size: 386 - I, 331 - C Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Communication - MD / nurse specialist communication team, Feedback/benchmarking, Painassessment, Eliciting patient preferences. 

Outcomes: Patienpreferences for caResults: Interventisurrogates' agreemresuscitation wish

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Smeenk, 19987 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 1 Setting: Home health care Funding: National Committee of Chronic Diseases in the Netherlands  Scientific Fund of the Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven 

Sample size: 79-I, 37-C Disease: Single disease: Mixed cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Discharge planning, 24- hour availability, Patient-carried medical record (Patient Care Traveling Record), Eare protocols. 

Outcomes: Quality Results: Patients iunderwent significduring the terminaintervention contripatients' physical qnot significant (p=the intervention gr

Grande, 19998 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Home health care Funding: Elizabeth Clark Charitable Trust and NHS R&D program 

Sample size: 186 - I, 43 - C Disease: Predominately one disease: Mixed cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

24 / 7 in home nursing care. Outcomes: Home 

Results: Results wattained less statisplanned. 

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Goldberg, 20039 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Alere Medical, Inc. 

Sample size: 280 (138 - I, 142 - C) Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

AlereNet (electronic monitoringsystem for weights and symptoms). 

Outcomes: Quality Mortality, EmergenResults: No differewere observed, bureduction in mortagroup. 

Gorski, 200310 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 1 Setting: Home health care Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 74-I, unclear -C Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Disease management, Homecare. 

Outcomes: Patienhospitalization, SeResults: 35% decrpatients. 

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Heidenreich, 199911 Design: Intervention, comparison group 

Jadad: 0 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: LifeMasters Supported Self Care, AHRQ training grant 00028-10

Sample size: 68 - I, 86 - C (historical controls) Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Males

Comprehensive education and telephone reporting, follow-up protocol. 

Outcomes: Quality Utilization, ChargeResults: Medical cthe intervention grthe control group. hospitalizations an

Jaarsma, 199912 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Netherlands Heart Foundation Grant 43.033 

Sample size: 84 - I, 95 - C Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Intensive patient education, Telephone case management. 

Outcomes: Self-caability, Utilization. Results: Patients fand control groups behavior within a mincrease in the intesignificantly more significant effects found. 

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Philbin, 200013 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: VHA Empire State, Inc  NY State Dept of Health grants 

Sample size: 5-I, 5-C (about 1500 patients, 10 total hospitals) Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Complex hospital level program(QI). 

Outcomes: Re-hosmed use, Hospital Functional status, Results: Non-signstay and hospital cgroup. 

Riegel, 200214 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Pfizer, Inc 

Sample size: 281 MD's randomized, unit of analysis ispatient (358 / 573 eligible participate in analysis) Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Nursing case management using decision support tool for CHF. 

Outcomes: PatienRe-admission to hhospitalization. Results: Heart failhospital days, mulcosts were all signintervention grouphigher patient sati

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Stewart, 199915 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Home health care Funding: National Heart Foundation of Australia Postgraduate Research Scholarship

Sample size: 100 - I, 100 - C Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Post-discharge nurse focused on broad range of concerns including ensuring supportive, safe home and specific education and medical treatment of CHF, coordination of services. 

Outcomes: Quality Functional status, Results: There wereadmissions and hospital among int

Mann, 199916 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: National Institute onDisability and Rehabilitation Research H133E60006, Administration on Aging of DHHS, and Andrus Foundation 

Sample size: 52 - I, 52 - C Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Physical therapist in home assessment, Assistive devices and modifications to home environment, Nurse and hometechnician assistance. 

Outcomes: FunctioCharges/costs. Results: Pain scormore for the contrrequired significaninstitutional care. 

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Melin, 199217 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Aldre Centrum Foundation, Stockholm County Council, and Central Stockholm Public Health District 

Sample size: 249 randomized, 150 - I, 99 - C Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

MD / nurse home care, Interdisciplinary team management, 24- hour availability. 

Outcomes: Functioand support, UtilizResults: Significaninstrumental activiwalking, and medithe intervention grgroup. 

Jerant, 200118 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Home health care Funding: UC Davis intramural grant 

Sample size: 13 - I1, 12 - I2, 12 - C Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Video-based telecare, Telephone case management. 

Outcomes: Re-admCharges/costs, Qudepartment use. Results: Both intersignificantly fewer department visits acare group. Trendwere found on all these results were (very small N).

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Stewart, 199919 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Australian Dept of Health and Family Services, Canberra (grant 95/34956) 

Sample size: 49 - I, 48 - C Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Post-discharge nurse and pharmacist follow-up focused on medication knowledge and compliance. 

Outcomes: Re-admEmergency departResults: Interventiunplanned readmideaths, fewer dayfewer total deaths

Bruera, 199920 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 5 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 60 Disease: Single disease: Mixed cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Tape recording of consultationwith MD. 

Outcomes: Patiencommunication abtreatment plan and Results: Addition ocommunications ssatisfaction and iminformation given 

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Schneiderman,200021 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: AHCPR PAR-96-028 

Sample size: 74 (35 - I, 35 - C) Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Ethics consultation. Outcomes: Variety 

sustaining treatmetreatments, ICU leprovider perceptiostressfulness. Results: No differebetween control aIntervention was aICU days and life-those patients who to discharge. 

Schneiderman,200322 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: AHRQ RO1 HS10251 

Sample size: 278 - I, 273 - C Disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Ethics consultation. Outcomes: ICU le

Mortality, Non-bencare). Results: Ethics coresolving conflicts inappropriately prounwanted treatme

Raftery, 199623 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 2 Setting: Home health care Funding: Medical ResearchCouncil 

Sample size: 86-I, 81-C Disease: Predominately one disease: Mixed cancerSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Nurse coordinator. Outcomes: Hosp

Results: The methe co-ordination less than those oordination groupinpatient days an

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Selwy, 200324 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 0 Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: HRSA 

Sample size: 132 Disease: Single disease: HIV/AIDS Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Palliative care consult service.

Outcomes: Symduration, DischaResults: HIV palresolved the pata mix of medical 

Stockelberg,199725

Design: Intervention, without comparison group Jadad: 0 Setting: Home health care Funding: FoU-fondation, Södra Älvsborg, Borås Bil & Traktor AB 

Sample size: 17 Disease: Single disease: Other cancerSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Home care. Outcomes: Utiliz

Results: Supporwith haematolognurse, is safe anfor transportation reduced. 

Goodyer, 199526 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 100 (50-I, 50-C) Disease: Single disease: Heart failure Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Intensive medicationcounseling. 

Outcomes: SymAdherence. Results: Intensivin a group of eldheart failure impand signs of oedfor the patients wcounseling worsperiod. No subjedetected by VAS 

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled T

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient, QI = Q

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Topp, 199827 Design: Intervention, 

comparison group Jadad: 0 Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 491 (88 -I) Disease: Single disease: Heart failure Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Disease management. Outcomes: Hosp

Results: The patmanaged by the significantly sholower hospital chwho were not ca

Roglieri, 199728 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 0 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: unclear - C  I-149 Disease: Single disease: Heart failure Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Females 

Disease management. Outcomes: Utiliz

Results: A compheart failure (CHprogram significaand readmission the pure CHF dia

Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

Reference List 

1. Ahrens T, Yancey V, Kollef M. Improving family communications at the end of life: 

implications for length of stay in the intensive care unit and resource use. Am J Crit 

Care 2003;12(4):317-23; discussion 324. 

2. The SUPPORT Principal Investigators. A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill 

hospitalized patients. The study to understand prognoses and preferences for 

outcomes and risks of treatments (SUPPORT). JAMA 1995;274(20):1591-8. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1995 Nov 22-29;274(20):1634-6. PMID: 7474253. Comment 

in: JAMA. 1996 Apr 24;275(16):1227-8; author reply 1230-1. PMID: 8601945. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1996 Apr 24;275(16):1227; author reply 1230-1. PMID: 

8601944. Comment in: JAMA. 199. 

3. Detmar SB, Muller MJ, Schornagel JH, et al. Health-related quality-of-life assessments and 

patient-physician communication: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 

2002;288(23):3027-34. Comment in: JAMA. 2003 Apr 2;289(13):1636; author 

reply 1636-7. PMID: 12672729. Erratum in: JAMA. 2003 Feb 26;289(8):987. 

4. Hughes SL, Weaver FM, Giobbie-Hurder A, et al. Effectiveness of team-managed homebased primary care: a randomized multicenter trial. JAMA 2000;284(22):2877-85. 

5. Latimer EJ, Crabb MR, Roberts JG, et al. The Patient Care Travelling Record in palliative 

care: effectiveness and efficiency. J Pain Symptom Manage 1998;16(1):41-51. 

6. Marbella AM, Desbiens NA, Mueller-Rizner N, et al. Surrogates' agreement with patients'

resuscitation preferences: effect of age, relationship, and SUPPORT intervention. 

Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatment. J Crit Care 1998;13(3):140-5. 

7. Smeenk FW, de Witte LP, van Haastregt JC, et al. Transmural care. A new approach in the 

care for terminal cancer patients: its effects on re-hospitalization and quality of life. 

Patient Educ Couns 1998;35(3):189-99. 

8. Grande GE, Todd CJ, Barclay SI, et al. Does hospital at home for palliative care facilitate 

death at home? Randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1999;319(7223):1472-5. 

Comment in: BMJ. 1999 Dec 4;319(7223):1447-8. PMID: 10582909. 

9. Goldberg LR, Piette JD, Walsh MN, et al. Randomized trial of a daily electronic home 

monitoring system in patients with advanced heart failure: the Weight Monitoring 

in Heart Failure (WHARF) trial. Am Heart J 2003; 146(4):705-12. 

 10. Gorski LA, Johnson K. A disease management program for heart failure: collaboration 

between a home care agency and a care management organization. Lippincotts Case 

Manag 2003;8(6):265-73. 

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = 

Randomized Controlled Trial / 

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, 

outpt = Outpatient, QI = Quality Improvement, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 

E2-14 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

 11. Heidenreich PA, Ruggerio CM, Massie BM. Effect of a home monitoring system on 

hospitalization and resource use for patients with heart failure. Am Heart J 

1999;138(4 Pt 1):633-40. Comment in: Am Heart J. 1999 Oct;138(4 Pt 1):599-601. 

PMID: 10502199. 

 12. Jaarsma T, Halfens R, Huijer Abu-Saad H, et al. Effects of education and support on selfcare and resource utilization in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J 

1999;20(9):673-82. Comment in: Eur Heart J. 1999 May;20(9):632-3. PMID: 

10419340. 

 13. Philbin EF, Rocco TA, Lindenmuth NW, et al. The results of a randomized trial of a 

quality improvement intervention in the care of patients with heart failure. The 

MISCHF Study Investigators. Am J Med 2000;109(6):443-9. Comment in: Am J 

Med. 2000 Oct 15;109(6):501-3. PMID: 11042244. 

 14. Riegel B, Carlson B, Kopp Z, et al. Effect of a standardized nurse case-management

telephone intervention on resource use in patients with chronic heart failure. Arch 

Intern Med 2002;162(6):705-12. Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 

14;162(18):2142-3; author reply 2143. PMID: 12374530. 

 15. Stewart S, Marley JE, Horowitz JD. Effects of a multidisciplinary, home-based intervention 

on unplanned readmissions and survival among patients with chronic congestive 

heart failure: a randomised controlled study. Lancet 1999;354(9184):1077-83. 

 16. Mann WC, Ottenbacher KJ, Fraas L, et al. Effectiveness of assistive technology and 

environmental interventions in maintaining independence and reducing home care 

costs for the frail elderly. A randomized controlled trial. Arch Fam Med 

1999;8(3):210-7. Comment in: ACP J Club. 1999 Nov-Dec;131(3):71. 

 17. Melin AL, Bygren LO. Efficacy of the rehabilitation of elderly primary health care patients 

after short-stay hospital treatment. Med Care 1992;30(11):1004-15. 

 18. Jerant AF, Azari R, Nesbitt TS . Reducing the cost of frequent hospital admissions for 

congestive heart failure: a randomized trial of a home telecare intervention. Med 

Care 2001;39(11):1234-45. 

 19. Stewart S, Pearson S, Horowitz JD. Effects of a home-based intervention among patients 

with congestive heart failure discharged from acute hospital care. Arch Intern Med 

1998;158(10):1067-72. 

 20. Bruera E, Pituskin E, Calder K, et al. The addition of an audiocassette recording of a 

consultation to written recommendations for patients with advanced cancer: A 

randomized, controlled trial. Cancer 1999;86(11):2420-5. 

 21. Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, Teetzel HD. Impact of ethics consultations in the intensive 

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = 

Randomized Controlled Trial / 

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, 

outpt = Outpatient, QI = Quality Improvement, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 

E2-15 
Appendix E2. IS - Continuity/Coordination Interventions Evidence Table

care setting: a randomized, controlled trial. Critical Care Medicine 

2000;28(12):3920-4. 

 22. Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, Teetzel HD, et al. Effect of ethics consultations on 

nonbeneficial life-sustaining treatments in the intensive care setting: a randomized 

controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290(9):1166-72. 

 23. Raftery JP, Addington-Hall JM, MacDonald LD, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the 

cost-effectiveness of a district co-ordinating service for terminally ill cancer 

patients. Palliat Med 1996;10(2):151-61. 

 24. Selwyn PA, Rivard M, Kappell D, et al. Palliative care for AIDS at a large urban teaching 

hospital: program description and preliminary outcomes. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(3):461-74. 

 25. Stockelberg D, Lehtola P, Noren I. Palliative treatment at home for patients with 

haematological disorders. Support Care Cancer 1997;5(6): 506-8. 

 26. Goodyer LI, Miskelly F, Milligan P. Does encouraging good compliance improve patients'

clinical condition in heart failure? Br J Clin Pract 1995;49(4):173-6. Comment in: 

Br J Clin Pract. 1995 Jul-Aug;49(4):171. PMID: 7547152. 

 27. Topp R, Tucker D, Weber C. Effect of a clinical case manager/clinical nurse specialist on 

patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure. Nurs Case Manag 

1998;3(4):140-5; quiz 146-7, 182. 

 28. Roglieri JL, Futterman R, McDonough KL, et al. Disease management interventions to 

improve outcomes in congestive heart failure. Am J Manag Care 1997;3(12):1831-

9. 

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, MD = Physician, LOS = Length of Stay, RCT/CCT = 

Randomized Controlled Trial / 

Clinical Controlled Trial, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, 

outpt = Outpatient, QI = Quality Improvement, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, Pt(s) = Patient(s) 

E2-16 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = R olled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI 

Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = HeFU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment gr

Primary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 

andomized Contr

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Baker, 20001 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: RWJ 

Sample size: 767 Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Clinical nurse specialist to assist in symptom control and facilitation of communication and decisionmaking. 

Outcomes: Family communication, Fdecision-making. Results: Sub-samUsed prospective factors associated end of life care. LRESULTS: 16% odissatisfaction w/ preported dissatisfadecision-making. Fw/ satisfaction w/ cmaking: hospital sduring the index hCI, 1.3-3.9), and fodischarge: whetheintervention (AOR w/ comfort, male ssatisfaction (0.6, 0reported patients pmoderately to not 0.1-0.4), and surropatient's illness hafinances had less 

SUPPORT, 19952 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 5 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: RWJ 

Sample size: 9,105 seriously ill hospitalized adults w/ 6 mo. Mortality of 47% Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported 

Telephone Palliative Care: telephone advice. 

Outcomes: Family communication, Fdecision-making, Ppain. Results: No differecommunication, Dand ADs in medica
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Hanks, 19963 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 1 Setting: Unclear Funding: Need article 

Sample size: 261 (175 allocated to FULL PCT, 86 to telephone PCT) 2:1 randomization  N=191 reassessed at 1 weekDisease: Unclear Severity: Advanced Race: African-American and other Gender: Not reported 

Palliative care unit in hospital w/outpatient clinic and multidisciplinary palliative careconsult team, Home-based primarycare program in VA  pts managed by team after discharge. 

Outcomes: Pain, Ppain, 2, Provider swith care, Patient Results: SignificanHRQoL, mood and PCT at 1 week, mA smaller effect wPCT"; there were between the groupgroups w/ no signigroups. No differemodels of palliativ

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Hughes, 20004 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Home Funding: HRSA and Cooperative Studies Program, Dept. of VA 

Sample size: N=1966, mean age: 70 years w/ 2 or more ADL limitations or a terminal illness,CHF or COPD. T=981=HBPC in community C=985= usual post-dischargecare) Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced and moderate Race: Other Gender: Males

Hospital at Home Service-RN,REACH Intervention 1. 

Outcomes: Family making, Mental staproblems/unmet nResults: No differeTerminal pts improon 8 HR-QoL scalpain, mental healtgreatest improvemdifference in termiperiod. CG to termHR-QoL improvemcontrols in all but 2 health) with greatefunction (13 point significant gains in (P<.001) except fo8% reduction in honumber of hospita6 months but not s22% reduction in tbenefits accompancosts of care at 6 12 months. 

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Ringdal, 20025 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: Norwegian and Swedish Cancer Society, Norwegian Medical Assn Fundfor Quality Improvement 

Sample size: n=180 (112 Tcaregivers and 68 C caregivers) Disease: Single disease: Mixed cancer diagnoses Severity: Advanced Race: African-American and other Gender: Females 

Palliative care unit in hospital w/outpatient clinic and multidisciplinary palliative careconsult team. 

Outcomes: Place Results: Satisfacti49% of caregivers 36% of caregivers for refusal not recoconcerns. Respomedian age: 56 yeage), most were ssignificant differenbaseline. Place of home (27% vs. 14respondents reporsatisfied w/ care (rsatisfaction w/ issudiagnosis, referral management, infosignificantly higheIntervention generamong close familstressed informatiahead, pain and sconferences, availand systematic sy(information and aallowed more pts a

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Ringdal, 20046 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 3 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: Norwegian and Swedish Cancer Society, Norwegian Medical Assn Fundfor Quality Improvement 

Sample size: N=517 (285 in T 232 in C) in 2 sites Disease: Single disease: Mixed cancer diagnoses Severity: Advanced Race: African-American and other Gender: Females 

Palliative care unit in hospital w/outpatient clinic and multidisciplinary palliative careconsult team. 

Outcomes: Family making. Results: Five of eiquality of life scoreMH) to T 4 (1-2 mreturn to baseline for PF, BP, & GH linear decline. Low groups undermine

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Walsh, 20037 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 1 Setting: Home Funding: University of Miami School of Nursing Dean's Award 

Sample size: n=9 Disease: Single disease: Mixed cancer diagnoses Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

RN care coordination in the community. 

Outcomes: CG Busupport, Reaction detachment, disorResults: CG deprea mean of 20.2 +/- However, CG's felPOST vs. 93.2 +/-decreased, CGs rechange in panic, bgrowth, or social s

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Addington-Hall,19928 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Home Funding: UK Medical ResearchCouncil 

Sample size: 554 referred, (203 with evaluable outcomes), 35% (n=194) died/too ill to interview,7% (40) moved, 39 (7%) declined to be interviewed. N=281 (51% of initial sample) at baseline  203 (72%) =1 FU. T=104, C=99. Disease: Single disease: Mixed cancer diagnoses Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

REACH Intervention 1. Outcomes: Family 

communication, FTime from Final fodeath, Need for mResults: Time betwdiffer significantly significant differen(except T more likC, P=.05). Few stdifferences in seveabout symptoms, No group differencnor in proportions laxatives, antidepranxiolytics. A few CG reports of typetreatment of pt's spts more likely to rconstipation) and effectiveness for agroups on hospitasocial support, and needs, unmet neesocial services, anfew differences foucontrol, service prsatisfaction, and ssupport between T discernable impac

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Grande, 20009 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 0 Setting: Home Funding: Elizabeth Clark Charitable Trust and NHS R&D Primary / Secondary Care Interface Programme 

Sample size: N=198 (86% of 229 referred pts) and 144 CGs (73% of 198 referred CGs) Disease: Predominately one disease: Mixed cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

REACH Intervention 2. Outcomes: Family 

communication, FDepression, Pt funResults: There wahospital-at-home sincreased the likelduring the final 2 wservice was assocvisits. All respondfavorably when coemphasized differrespondents). RN'than standard care care and support freduction of anxietterms of control of service provided b

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Gitlin, 200310 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Home Funding: NIA & NINR funding 

Sample size: 1,222 racially & ethnically diverse cg Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Other Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

REACH Intervention 3. Outcomes: Depres

Results: REACH dfeasibility and effeintervention appropts w/ dementia. The combined effecontrol at 6 monthdepression. Using effect fro burden wp=.022, though the Overall, CGs acrovalues in burden wcontrols. There weeffects for any one although all scores direction. In contrtreatment effect fosignificant. Modes

Smeenk, 199811 Design: Intervention, 

comparison group Jadad: 2 Setting: Home Funding: National Committee of Chronic Diseases and the Scientific Fund of the Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven 

Sample size: 45 (T=34  C=11) Disease: Single disease: Mixed cancer diagnoses Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Transmural home care intervention 

Outcomes: MentResults: The intepositively to the life at time 2 (p=fear, general wescales. Improvemimprovements ocompared with s

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Bucher, 200112 Design: Intervention, 

comparison group Jadad: 0 Setting: Home Funding: The Open Society Institute, Project Death in America 

Sample size: 103 (49/49 Ca patients and 49/54 Ca pt. Caregivers) Disease: Single disease: Mixed cancer diagnoses Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Behavior Care. Outcomes: Prob

solving ability, Cproblems, AnxieResults: There wsignificant differeto provide care aeither patients osignificant differeabout communitpatients and carintervention. Carincreased their t(.05) after the int

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Burgio, 200313 Design: Intervention, 

comparison group Jadad: 3 Setting: Home Funding: NIA & NINR funding - Alabama REACH 

Sample size: 118 of 140 caregivers to dementia patients (70 White  48 African-American) completed 6 mo. FU Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Females 

Enhanced Care. Outcomes: Pt be

support, Depresinstitutionalize. Results: White cto be older, repoand be spouses caregivers more African Americaeducational attaigreater cognitive care receivers. more improvemecontrol condition caregivers showimprovements in A significant trearelationship interlargest decreasebehaviors found MS condition anspouses in the S

Burns, 200314 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 2 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: NIA & NINR funding - Memphis REACH 

Sample size: 76 of 167 caregiver-pt dyads completed 24 FU Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Unclear Race: Other 

Structural Ecosystems Therapy (SET), SET + Computer Telephone Integrated System (CTIS). 

Outcomes: CG wbehavior problemResults: Significwell-being were (p=.045). BC ongeneral well-beinincreased risk of improved on botrecipient. BC ha

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Gender: Females 

distress at FU. 

Eisdorfer, 200315 Design: Intervention, 

comparison group Jadad: 2 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: NIA & NINR funding - Miami REACH 

Sample size: 225 dementiapatient caregivers (114 Cuban American and 111 White American) Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Environmental Skill-Building Program (ESP), Automated Telecare System (TLC). 

Outcomes: Not rResults: Caregivtherapy group (Ssignificant reducsymptoms at 6 mintervention was months for Cubadaughter caregiv

Gitlin, 200316 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 3 Setting: Home Funding: NIA & NINR funding - Philadelphia REACH 

Sample size: 190 of 255 dementia patient caregivers at 6 mo. FU Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Unclear Race: African-American, Hispanic and other Gender: Not reported 

The ESP (Environmental SkillBuilding Program). Outcomes: Cost

Mastery, Stress enhancement. Results: Intervenless upset with mless need for assbetter affect. Intless upset with dreported spendinoversight; womehelp from othersenhanced manabeing, and mast

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ration, CI Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = He

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Mahoney, 200317 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 2 Setting: Home Funding: NIA & NINR funding - Boston REACH 

Sample size: 100 (49 in T, 51 in C) Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Females 

A computer-mediated automated interactive voiceresponse intervention. 

Outcomes: CG wMastery. Results: No signintervention on banxiety. Participbaseline experiebother scores (psymptoms p=.00difference for hig

FU = Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T = Treatment grPrimary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

Reference List 

1. Baker R, Wu AW, Teno JM, et al. Family satisfaction with end-of-life care in seriously 

ill hospitalized adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S61-9. 

2. The SUPPORT Principal Investigators. A controlled trial to improve care for seriously 

ill hospitalized patients. The study to understand prognoses and preferences for 

outcomes and risks of treatments (SUPPORT). JAMA 1995;274(20):1591-8. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1995 Nov 22-29;274(20):1634-6. PMID: 7474253. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1996 Apr 24;275(16):1227-8; author reply 1230-1. PMID: 

8601945. Comment in: JAMA. 1996 Apr 24;275(16):1227; author reply 1230-1. 

PMID: 8601944. Comment in: JAMA. 199. 

3. Hanks GW, Robbins M, Sharp D, et al. The imPaCT study: a randomised controlled 

trial to evaluate a hospital palliative care team. Br J Cancer 2002;87(7):733-9. 

4. Hughes SL, Weaver FM, Giobbie-Hurder A, et al. Effectiveness of team-managed 

home-based primary care: a randomized multicenter trial. JAMA 

2000;284(22):2877-85. 

5. Ringdal GI, Jordhoy MS, Kaasa S. Family satisfaction with end-of-life care for cancer 

patients in a cluster randomized trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24(1):53-

63. 

6. Ringdal GI, Ringdal K, Jordhoy MS, et al. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in 

family members of cancer victims: results from a longitudinal intervention 

study in Norway and Sweden. Palliat Med 2004;18(2):108-20. 

7. Walsh SM, Schmidt LA. Telephone support for caregivers of patients with cancer. 

Cancer Nurs 2003;26(6):448-53. 

8. Addington-Hall JM, MacDonald LD, Anderson HR, et al. Randomised controlled trial 

of effects of coordinating care for terminally ill cancer patients. BMJ 

1992;305(6865):1317-22. 

9. Grande GE, Todd CJ, Barclay SI, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a hospital at 

home service for the terminally ill. Palliat Med 2000;14(5):375-85. 

 10. Gitlin LN, Belle SH, Burgio LD, et al. Effect of multicomponent interventions on 

caregiver burden and depression: the REACH multisite initiative at 6-month 

follow-up. Psychol Aging 2003;18(3):361-74. 

 11. Smeenk FW, de Witte LP, van Haastregt JC, et al. Transmural care of terminal cancer 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = 

Adjusted Odds Ration, CI =Confidence Interval, pt(s) = Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, FU = 

Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease, T = Treatment group, HBPC = Home Based Primary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered 

Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 

E3-14 
Appendix E3. IS - Family/Caregiver Concerns Interventions Evidence Table 

patients: effects on the quality of life of direct caregivers. Nurs Res 

1998;47(3):129-36. 

 12. Bucher JA, Loscalzo M, Zabora J, et al. Problem-solving cancer care education for 

patients and caregivers. Cancer Practice 2001;9(2):66-70. 

 13. Burgio L, Stevens A, Guy D, et al. Impact of two psychosocial interventions on white 

and African American family caregivers of individuals with dementia. 

Gerontologist 2003;43(4):568-79. 

 14. Burns R, Nichols LO, Martindale-Adams J, et al. Primary care interventions for 

dementia caregivers: 2-year outcomes from the REACH study. Gerontologist 

2003;43(4):547-55. 

 15. Eisdorfer C, Czaja SJ, Loewenstein DA, et al. The effect of a family therapy and 

technology-based intervention on caregiver depression. Gerontologist 

2003;43(4):521-31. 

 16. Gitlin LN, Winter L, Corcoran M, et al. Effects of the home environmental skillbuilding program on the caregiver-care recipient dyad: 6-month outcomes from

the Philadelphia REACH Initiative. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):532-46. 

 17. Mahoney DF, Tarlow BJ, Jones RN. Effects of an automated telephone support system 

on caregiver burden and anxiety: findings from the REACH for TLC 

intervention study. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):556-67. 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CG = Care-Giver, AOR = 

Adjusted Odds Ration, CI =Confidence Interval, pt(s) = Patient(s), DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, CPR = Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation, ADs = Advance Directive, PCT = Palliative Care Team, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, FU = 

Follow Up, ADL = Activities of Daily Living, CHF = Chronic Heart Failure, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease, T = Treatment group, HBPC = Home Based Primary Care (VA specific), C = Control group, RN = Registered 

Nurse, EOL = End-of-Life 

E3-15 
Appendix E4. IS - Satisfaction Interventions Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Bookbinder, 19961 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 0 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 698 patients, 1210 RN interviews, 335 focus groups with RN staff  2000 vital sign records Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Comprehensive pain management care team, CQI type intervention. 

Outcomes: Pain, Pprovider satisfactioconcerns, Patient Results: Overall h(92%). Significant found between ovtime to wait for meand time to chang

Brumley, 20032 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 0 Setting: Home health care Funding: Garfield Memorial Fund 

Sample size: N=300 Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Comprehensive palliative careteam, Usual care. 

Outcomes: Patiencare services, CosResults: The labor organizing core thcontributing to the apparent in the iniat the time of deat

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, RN = Registered Nurse, CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Con

group, C = Control group, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, outpt = Outpatient 
Appendix E4. IS - Satisfaction Interventions Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Hanks, 20023 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: NHS (UK) National Cancer R&D Programme grant 

Sample size: 261 Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Comprehensive palliative careteam. 

Outcomes: Quality satisfaction, Familprovider satisfactioservices, Re-admiResults: Satisfactihigh and there wabetween them.

Hughes, 20004 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Home health care Funding: VA HSR&D and Cooperative Studies Program 

Sample size: 981 -I, 985- C - 289 of these were "terminally ill" Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Discharge planning, 24 hour availability, Home-based primarycare, Nursing palliative care, case managers. 

Outcomes: Quality satisfaction, Careghospital. Results: Team-maimproved most HRterminally ill patienterminally ill patienQoL, satisfaction wand reduced hosp

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, RN = Registered Nurse, CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Con

group, C = Control group, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, outpt = Outpatient 
Appendix E4. IS - Satisfaction Interventions Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Latimer, 19985 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospice Funding: Hamilton Civic Hospitals (Canada) 

Sample size: 46 randomized/21 completed study Disease: Unclear Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Portable patient-controlled health record, Patient Care TravelingRecord. 

Outcomes: Pain, Phealth care servicepresent situation. Results: 21 patienexception of those Patient Care Travelevels of uncertainadditional use of hdifferences in moosatisfaction with h

Rabow, 20046 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 

Sample size: 90 Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Comprehensive palliative careteam, Usual care, Outpatient Palliative Medicine Consultation. 

Outcomes: Quality symptoms (generaservices, Affectivedyspnea interferesactivities, Sleep, SDepression, PatieResults: The intervdyspnea and anxieand spiritual well bdepression, quality 

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, RN = Registered Nurse, CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Con

group, C = Control group, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, outpt = Outpatient 
Appendix E4. IS - Satisfaction Interventions Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Ringdal, 20027 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospice Funding: Norwegian Cancer Society, Swedish Cancer Society, Norwegian Medical Association Fund for Quality Improvement 

Sample size: 180 Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Comprehensive palliative careteam, Usual care. 

Outcomes: FamilyResults: The majosatisfaction with cathe patients in the significantly higherespondents relategroup. 

Grande, 20008 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Hospice Funding: Elizabeth Clark Charitable Trust, NHS (UK) 

Sample size: 229 Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Intensive home-based palliative care, Usual care. 

Outcomes: Physicprovider satisfactioof life, Provider woResults: While the service was not foremaining at home life, it appeared to home care. 

Scneiderman, 20039 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: AHRQ RO1 HS10251 

Sample size: 278 - I, 273 - C Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Ethics team consultation. Outcomes: Patien

satisfaction, Hospstay, TISS reductimeasure), Death. Results: Ethics coresolving conflicts prolonged non-benthe intensive care 

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, RN = Registered Nurse, CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Con

group, C = Control group, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, outpt = Outpatient 
Appendix E4. IS - Satisfaction Interventions Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Molloy, 200010 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 1 Setting: Nursing home Funding: AHRQ Grant (RO1 HS07878-02S1) 

Sample size: 527-I, 656-C Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Let-Me-Decide advance directive forms, Skilled nurse advancedirective facilitator - patient / proxymeetings. 

Outcomes: Patiensatisfaction, Compdirective, UtilizatioResults: Systematto increase use of health care utilizator mortality.

Weisbord, 200311 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 1 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Project Death in America Faculty Scholars Program, Greenwall Foundation, Ladies Hospital Aid, International Union Against Cancer, LAS Trust Foundation, American Society of Nephrology, NIH T32HL07820-05 

Sample size: 19 Disease: Single disease: Endstage renal disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Palliative care team consultation. Outcomes: patient 

of advance directivlife, symptom burdResults: No differesymptoms, HRQoestablishing advanintervention. 

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, RN = Registered Nurse, CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Con

group, C = Control group, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, outpt = Outpatient 
Appendix E4. IS - Satisfaction Interventions Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Reigel, 200212 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Pfizer, Inc 

Sample size: 281 MD's randomized, unit of analysis ispatient (358 / 573 eligibles participate in analysis) Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Dextromethorphan (DM). Outcomes: Pain ra

intensity, Edmontopain, Medication eResults: Heart faildays, multiple readsignificantly lower intervention group 

Bruera, 199413 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 5 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 60 Disease: Single disease: Mixed cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Tape recording of consultation with MD. 

Outcomes: Satisfafamily communicaof treatment plan aResults: Addition ocommunications ssatisfaction and imgiven during the c

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, RN = Registered Nurse, CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Con

group, C = Control group, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, outpt = Outpatient 
Appendix E4. IS - Satisfaction Interventions Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Pietersma, 200314

Design: Intervention, without comparison group Jadad: 1 Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Alberta PalliativeCare Research Initiative 

Sample size: 27 Disease: Mixed disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Electric food cart, Usual care. Outcomes: Satis

Results: The patunit significantly delivered via a fotrays, with respethe meal, appropfood portions anchoices.

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, RN = Registered Nurse, CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Con

group, C = Control group, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, outpt = Outpatient 
Appendix E4. IS - Satisfaction Interventions Evidence Table

Reference List 

1. Bookbinder M, Coyle N, Kiss M, et al. Implementing national standards for cancer pain 

management: program model and evaluation. J Pain Symptom Manage 

1996;12(6):334-47; discussion 331-3. 

2. Brumley RD, Enguidanos S, Cherin DA. Effectiveness of a home-based palliative care 

program for end-of-life. J Palliat Med 2003;6(5):715-24. 

3. Hanks GW, Robbins M, Sharp D, et al. The imPaCT study: a randomised controlled 

trial to evaluate a hospital palliative care team. Br J Cancer 2002;87(7):733-9. 

4. Hughes SL, Weaver FM, Giobbie-Hurder A, et al. Effectiveness of team-managed 

home-based primary care: a randomized multicenter trial. JAMA 

2000;284(22):2877-85. 

5. Latimer EJ, Crabb MR, Roberts JG, et al. The Patient Care Travelling Record in 

palliative care: effectiveness and efficiency. J Pain Symptom Manage 

1998;16(1):41-51. 

6. Rabow MW, Dibble SL, Pantilat SZ, et al. The comprehensive care team: a controlled 

trial of outpatient palliative medicine consultation. Arch Intern Med 

2004;164(1):83-91. 

7. Ringdal GI, Jordhoy MS, Kaasa S. Family satisfaction with end-of-life care for cancer 

patients in a cluster randomized trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24(1):53-

63. 

8. Grande GE, Todd CJ, Barclay SI, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a hospital at 

home service for the terminally ill. Palliat Med 2000;14(5):375-85. 

9. Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, Teetzel HD, et al. Effect of ethics consultations on 

nonbeneficial life-sustaining treatments in the intensive care setting: a 

randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290(9):1166-72. 

 10. Molloy DW, Guyatt GH, Russo R, et al. Systematic implementation of an advance 

directive program in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 

2000;283(11):1437-44. 

 11. Weisbord SD, Carmody SS, Bruns FJ, et al. Symptom burden, quality of life, advance 

care planning and the potential value of palliative care in severely ill 

haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18(7):1345-52. Comment 

in: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Dec;18(12):2688. PMID: 14605313. 

 12. Riegel B, Carlson B, Kopp Z, et al. Effect of a standardized nurse case-management

telephone intervention on resource use in patients with chronic heart failure. 

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, RN = Registered Nurse, CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement, RCT/CCT = Randomized

Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of 

Life, outpt = Outpatient 

E4-8 
Appendix E4. IS - Satisfaction Interventions Evidence Table

Arch Intern Med 2002;162(6):705-12. Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 

14;162(18):2142-3; author reply 2143. PMID: 12374530. 

 13. Bruera E, Pituskin E, Calder K, et al. The addition of an audiocassette recording of a 

consultation to written recommendations for patients with advanced cancer: A 

randomized, controlled trial. Cancer 1999;86(11):2420-5. 

 14. Pietersma P, Follett-Bick S, Wilkinson B, et al. A bedside food cart as an alternate food 

service for acute and palliative oncological patients. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(9):611-4. 

ICU = Intensive Care Unit, RN = Registered Nurse, CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement, RCT/CCT = Randomized

Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, I = Intervention group, C = Control group, HRQoL = Health Related Quality of 

Life, outpt = Outpatient 

E4-9 
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Booth, 19961 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospice Funding: Dame Cicely Saunders Research Fund & Help the Hospices 

Sample size: 45 Disease: Predominately one disease: Lung cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Oxygen, Air. Outcomes: Dyspn

Borg scale, SaO2 Results: Both oxygeffect in reducing advanced cancer. 

Bruera, 19932 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 14 Disease: Predominately one disease: Lung cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Oxygen, Air. Outcomes: Dyspn

Results: Oxygen wof dyspnea, as meand patient prefere

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Jack, 20033 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 1 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 100 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Hospital palliative care team, Usual care. 

Outcomes: AnorexConstipation, PainResults: The intervimprovement in alpain and anorexia

Latimer, 19984 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Hamilton Civic Hospitals 

Sample size: 46 Disease: Unclear: Mixed disease Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Patient Care Traveling Record. Outcomes: Pain, M

Patient satisfactionResults: 21 patienexception of those Patient Care Travelevels of uncertainadditional use of hdifferences in moosatisfaction with h

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Mazzacato, 19995 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 10 Disease: Predominately one disease: Lung cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Subcutaneous morphine sulfate, Placebo. 

Outcomes: DyspnBorg scale, Pain rSomnolence, AnxiResults: Morphine dyspnea, and did function at the dos

Mercadante, 20026 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Home health care Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 50 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed cancer diagnoses Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Morphine, Keterolac. Outcomes: Pain, N

drowsiness, Confudiscomfort. Results: Patients waddition to morphiafter a week in comwith morphine onlyescalation was slodose was lower in The incidence and were more evidenketorolac, while coincreased in patien

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Rabow, 20047 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 3 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 

Sample size: 90 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Outpatient Palliative MedicineConsultation, Usual care. 

Outcomes: Degree dyspnea limits actcare costs, Pain, QDepression, PatieResults: The intervdyspnea and anxieand spiritual well bdepression, quality 

Schofield, 20038 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Hospice Funding: Wilkes Fellowship 

Sample size: 26 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Males

Snoezelen (multisensoryenvironment), Quiet room. 

Outcomes: AnxietyResults: A significin the experimentaobserved in any of 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Simmons, 20029 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 1 Setting: Nursing home Funding: NIH/NIA, Claude Pepper OAIC 

Sample size: 51 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Females 

Exercise and toileting program, Usual care. 

Outcomes: GeriatrPhysical mobility. Results: No signifiwere attributable timprovements in p

Soden, 200410 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 5 Setting: Unclear Funding: Foundation for Integrated Medicine 

Sample size: 42 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Females 

Usual care, Massage witharomatherapy, Massage alone.

Outcomes: Pain raand Snyder-Halpeand Depression scChecklist. Results: No signifiaromatherapy or manxiety, or quality improved significacombined massagDepression scores group. 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Wilkinson, 199911 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Hospice Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 103 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed cancer diagnoses Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Females 

Massage with aromatherapy, Massage alone. 

Outcomes: Rotterdpreference of treatResults: Massage reduced levels of aoil resulted in imprpsychological sym

Addingon-Hall,199212 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Medical Research Council 

Sample size: 554 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed cancer diagnoses Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Palliative care coordination, Usual care. 

Outcomes: Time tConstipation, Insoof appetite, DifficuItchy skin, Diarrhesatisfaction, Caregutilization Results: Few diffesignificant. Coordilikely to suffer from effective treatmenconcerned about i

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Grande, 200013 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Home health care Funding: Elizabeth Clark Charitable Trust 

Sample size: 262 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Usual care, Cambridge Hospital at home service. 

Outcomes: PatienNausea, ConstipaDepression, Healtsatisfaction. Results: While the service was not foremaining at home life, it appeared to home care. 

Rogers, 199914 Design: Intervention, comparison 

group Jadad: 0 Setting: Nursing home Funding: NINR

Sample size: 84 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Usual care, Skill elicitation, Habit training. 

Outcomes: FunctioResults: Compareelicitation participatime engaged in ndressing significanparticipation in actdecrease in disrupgains were demonthe behavioral rehfor 3 weeks during 

Rovner, 199615 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Nursing home Funding: NIMH

Sample size: 118 Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Females 

A.G.E. Dementia Care program, Usual care. 

Outcomes: Disruppsychotics, RestraResults: Controls wintervention patienbe restrained durinrestrained on nurs

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Sulzer, 200116 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Hospital (non-ICU) Funding: NIMH

Sample size: 28 Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Moderate Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Haloperidol, Trazodone. Outcomes: Delusi

Rating Scale, CohResults: Agitation treatment group ov

Weiner, 199917 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 2 Setting: Unclear Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 20 Disease: Single disease: Heart failureSeverity: Moderate Race: Other Gender: Males

Specific inspiratory muscle training, Placebo. 

Outcomes: Spiromstrength, Inspiratowalk, Exercise toleResults: Patients iincrease in inspiraendurance. 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Manfredi, 200318 Design: Intervention, without 

comparison group Jadad: 0 Setting: Nursing home Funding: New York State Dept. of Health, Bureau of Long Term Care Services  Purdue Pharma

Sample size: 47 Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Females 

Long-acting opioid, Placebo. Outcomes: Cohen

Adverse events. Results: Among thagitation level at thsignificantly lower phase. 

Sittl, 200319 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Grunenthal GmbH 

Sample size: 157 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Transdermal delivery system for buprenorphine, 35.0 ug/h, Transdermal delivery system for buprenorphine, 52.5 ug/h, Transdermal delivery system for buprenorphine, 70.0 ug/h, Placebo. 

Outcomes: Pain, Ianalgesics, Pain inResults: Buprenorsignificantly higheplacebo at the 35.numerically higher although this differsignificance. 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Smith, 200220 Design: RCT/CCT

Jadad: 3 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Medtronic, Inc. 

Sample size: 202 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Implantable intrathecal drugdelivery system and comprehensive medication management, Comprehensive medication management. 

Outcomes: Pain raevents, Common tResults: Implantabsystems (IDDSs) icontrol, reduced pcommon drug toxi

Detmar, 200321 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 2 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Dutch Cancer Society 

Sample size: 214 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Females 

HRQL questionnaire, Usual care.

Outcomes: PatieResults: The HRdiscussed signifiintervention than Physicians in the a greater percenmoderate-to-sevseveral HRQL dcontrol group. Apatients believed facilitated comminterest in its con

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Jordoy, 200222 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 3 Setting: Unclear Funding: Norwegian Cancer Society, Norwegian Medical Association Fund for Quality Improvement, Swedish Cancer Society 

Sample size: 434 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Palliative Medicine Unit program, Usual care. 

Outcomes: Qualscale. Results: Neither physical functionnor on any other scores of patientshow improvemecontrols. 

Bruera, 199423 Design: Intervention, 

comparison group Jadad: 0 Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 10 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Morphine, Placebo. Outcomes: Dysp

Respiratory rateResults: Intermitare safe and effedyspnea in term

Gottlieb, 199924 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 2 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: National Institute on Aging, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center

Sample size: 33 Disease: Single disease: Heart failure Severity: Advanced and moderate Race: Other Gender: Males 

Usual care, Exercise. Outcomes: Six-m

Quality of life, Peliving. Results: Elderly failure can safely improvement in However, not all energy expenditimprove to the s

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

First Author Year ID Study Characteristics Population Interventions

Outcomes Results 

Sarna, 199825 Design: RCT/CCT 

Jadad: 2 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: American CancerSociety 

Sample size: 48 Disease: Single disease: Lung cancerSeverity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Usual care, Structured symptom assessment. 

Outcomes: Nausfrequency, Pain Sleep, Fatique. Result: High scofunctional limitatlevels of overall depression and had greater sym

Stephenson, 200026

Design: Intervention, comparison group Jadad: 1 Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 23 Disease: Mixed disease: Mixed disease Severity: Unclear Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Foot reflexology, Usual care. Outcomes: Pain

Results: Followinintervention, patcancer experienanxiety.Patients experienced a sone of three mea

Abernethy, 200327

Design: RCT/CCT Jadad: 5 Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Flinders Medical Centre Foundation, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation 

Sample size: 48 Disease: Predominately one disease: Advanced chronic lung disease Severity: Advanced Race: Other Gender: Not reported 

Morphine, Placebo. Outcomes: Dysp

effects, Sleep, Pexertion. Results: In a comrelease morphinprovided significdyspnea. 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, outpt = Outpatient,

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

Reference List 

1. Booth S, Kelly MJ, Cox NP, et al. Does oxygen help dyspnea in patients with cancer? 

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153(5):1515-8. 

2. Bruera E, de Stoutz N, Velasco-Leiva A, et al. Effects of oxygen on dyspnea in 

hypoxaemic terminal-cancer patients. Lancet 1993;342(8862):13-4. 

3. Jack B, Hillier V, Williams A, et al. Hospital based palliative care teams improve the 

symptoms of cancer patients. Palliat Med 2003;17(6):498-502. 

4. Latimer EJ, Crabb MR, Roberts JG, et al. The Patient Care Travelling Record in 

palliative care: effectiveness and efficiency. J Pain Symptom Manage 

1998;16(1):41-51. 

5. Mazzocato C, Buclin T, Rapin CH . The effects of morphine on dyspnea and 

ventilatory function in elderly patients with advanced cancer: a randomized 

double-blind controlled trial. Ann Oncol 1999;10 (12):1511-4. 

6. Mercadante S, Fulfaro F, Casuccio A. A randomised controlled study on the use of antiinflammatory drugs in patients with cancer pain on morphine therapy: effects on 

dose-escalation and a pharmacoeconomic analysis. Eur J Cancer 2002 

;38(10):1358-63. 

7. Rabow MW, Dibble SL, Pantilat SZ, et al. The comprehensive care team: a controlled 

trial of outpatient palliative medicine consultation. Arch Intern Med 

2004;164(1):83-91. 

8. Schofield P, Payne S. A pilot study into the use of a multisensory environment 

(Snoezelen) within a palliative day-care setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2003;9(3):124-30. Erratum in: Int J Palliat Nurs. 2003 Apr;9(4):178. 

9. Simmons SF, Ferrell BA, Schnelle JF. Effects of a controlled exercise trial on pain in 

nursing home residents. Clin J Pain 2002;18(6):380-5. 

 10. Soden K, Vincent K, Craske S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of aromatherapy 

massage in a hospice setting. Palliat Med 2004;18(2):87-92. 

 11. Wilkinson S, Aldridge J, Salmon I, et al. An evaluation of aromatherapy massage in 

palliative care. Palliat Med 1999;13(5):409-17. 

 12. Addington-Hall JM, MacDonald LD, Anderson HR, et al. Randomised controlled trial 

of effects of coordinating care for terminally ill cancer patients. BMJ 

1992;305(6865):1317-22. 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care

Unit, outpt = Outpatient, 

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System

E5-13 
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

 13. Grande GE, Todd CJ, Barclay SI, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a hospital at 

home service for the terminally ill. Palliat Med 2000;14(5):375-85. 

 14. Rogers JC, Holm MB, Burgio LD, et al. Improving morning care routines of nursing 

home residents with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999;47(9):1049-57. Comment 

in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999 Sep;47(9):1151-2. PMID: 10484262. 

 15. Rovner BW, Steele CD, Shmuely Y, et al. A randomized trial of dementia care in 

nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44(1):7-13. Comment in: J Am Geriatr 

Soc. 1996 Jan;44(1):91-2. PMID: 8537599. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 

1996 Oct;44(10):1277-8. PMID: 8856018. 

 16. Sultzer DL, Gray KF, Gunay I, et al. Does behavioral improvement with haloperidol or 

trazodone treatment depend on psychosis or mood symptoms in patients with 

dementia? J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(10):1294-300. 

 17. Weiner P, Waizman J, Magadle R, et al. The effect of specific inspiratory muscle 

training on the sensation of dyspnea and exercise tolerance in patients with 

congestive heart failure. Clin Cardiol 1999;22(11):727-32. 

 18. Manfredi PL, Breuer B, Wallenstein S, et al. Opioid treatment for agitation in patients 

with advanced dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 

2003;18(8):700-5. 

 19. Sittl R, Griessinger N, Likar R. Analgesic efficacy and tolerability of transdermal 

buprenorphine in patients with inadequately controlled chronic pain related to 

cancer and other disorders: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Clinical Therapeutics 2003;25(1):150-68. 

 20. Smith TJ, Staats PS, Deer T, et al. Randomized clinical trial of an implantable drug 

delivery system compared with comprehensive medical management for 

refractory cancer pain: impact on pain, drug-related toxicity, and survival. 

Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(19):4040-9. 

 21. Detmar SB, Muller MJ, Schornagel JH, et al. Health-related quality-of-life assessments 

and patient-physician communication: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 

2002;288(23):3027-34. Comment in: JAMA. 2003 Apr 2;289(13):1636; author 

reply 1636-7. PMID: 12672729. Erratum in: JAMA. 2003 Feb 26;289(8):987. 

 22. Jordhoy MS, Fayers P, Loge JH, et al. Quality of life in palliative cancer care: results 

from a cluster randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2001;19(18):3884-94. Comment 

in: J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 15;20(6):1704-5. PMID: 11896122. 

 23. Bruera E, MacEachern T, Ripamonti C, et al. Subcutaneous morphine for dyspnea in 

cancer patients. Ann Intern Med 1993;119(9):906-7. Comment in: Ann Intern 

Med. 1994 Apr 15;120(8):692-3. PMID: 8192764. 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care

Unit, outpt = Outpatient, 

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System

E5-14 
Appendix E5. IS - Symptoms Evidence Table

 24. Gottlieb SS, Fisher ML, Freudenberger R, et al. Effects of exercise training on peak 

performance and quality of life in congestive heart failure patients. J Card Fail 

1999;5(3):188-94. 

 25. Sarna L. Effectiveness of structured nursing assessment of symptom distress in 

advanced lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 1998;25(6):1041-8. 

 26. Stephenson NL, Weinrich SP, Tavakoli AS. The effects of foot reflexology on anxiety 

and pain in patients with breast and lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum

2000;27(1):67-72. Comment in: Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001 Apr;28(3):445-6. 

PMID: 11338752. 

 27. Abernethy AP, Currow DC, Frith P, et al. Randomised, double blind, placebo 

controlled crossover trial of sustained release morphine for the management of 

refractory dyspnoea. BMJ 2003;327(7414):523-8. 

RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, ICU = Intensive Care

Unit, outpt = Outpatient, 

TDS = Transdermal Delivery System

E5-15 
Appendix F 

Table F1. Technical Expert Panel members 

Name Institution

Kathleen Folye, M.D Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 

Irene Higginson, M.D. Kings College London 

Margaret Heitkemper, PhD, RN, FAAN University of Washington

Marianne Matzo, PhD, APRN, BC, GNP, FAAN University of Massachusetts-Worcester

Diane Meier, M.D. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Richard Payne, M.D. Duke University Divinity School 

Joan Teno, M.D., M.S. Brown Medical School 

Table F2. Peer Reviewers 

Name Institution

Robert Arnold, M.D. University of Pittsburgh 

Eduardo Bruera, M.D. University of Texas 

Betty Rolling Ferrell, PhD, RN City of Hope National Medical Center and 

Beckman Research Institute 

Rolfe Sean Morrison, M.D. Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Virginia P. Tilden, DNSc, RN University of Nebraska Medical Center 

Susan W. Tolle, M.D. Oregon Health Sciences University

1
Appendix G. Cambridge Ballot 

Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center End of Life Care and Outcomes Project 

Matrix for Prioritizing Outcomes We have developed a matrix of principles vs. outcomes to help us in our decision making process about which ou

To score this modified Cambridge Ballot, first score each “cell” (0-10,10 being the most important), and then givhierarchical ranking of each item. 

When you have completed it, please fax to Cony Rolon, RAND (fax: 310-451-6930). 

1. 

Relative 

Importance 

at EOL 

(0-10) 

2. 

Relationship 

to Patient 

Experience 

(0-10) 

3. 

Feasibility 

(0-10) 

4. 

Relevance 

to care and 

policy 

(0-10) 

5. 

Recent 

Reviews 

(0-10) 

6. 

Differences 

by Selected 

Diseases 

(0-10) 

7. 

Modifiability 

(0-10) 

Total 

[Col 1-7

(0-70) 

Pain Affective Symptoms Other symptoms QOL / HRQOL Spiritual / existential wellbeing Caregiver/ family wellbeing and satisfaction Provider communication Advance care planning Continuity and coordination Utilization of Services Site of Death *Rank each outcome hierarchically where 1 is the most important outcome and 11 is the least important. 
Appendix H1. Methodological Issues in Measurement 

Our literature review also identified a number of articles that dealt with specific 

methodological issues that are prominent in end-of-life care research. Our search 

strategy captured challenges to measurement in end-of-life care during the undertaking of 

identifying validated measures. Two recently published expert opinion compilations

provide additional data: a series of 6 articles in the Journal of Palliative Medicine 1-6

 and 

3 articles in a special issue of the Gerontologist.7-9 Also, an on-line symptom research 

text provides an review of methodological challenges and research approaches in this 

field.(Interactive Textbook on Clinical Symptom Research. Eds. Max MB and Lynn J. 

http://symptomresearch.nih.gov/tablecontents.htm) 

Ten articles looked at the concordance between raters or proxy determinations. One 

study found that inter-rater kappa values were poor for pain, anxiety, and depression. A 

number of articles reported that current patient-proxy ratings had higher agreement with 

each other than with relatives’ retrospective ratings, and that knowledge ratings were 

better matched; overall agreement of family proxy evaluations to patient evaluation is 

moderate. 10,11, 12An examination of patient-caregiver congruence in QOL assessment in 

newly-diagnosed lung cancer patients reported large differences. Low congruence was 

related to low patient-related self-efficacy, high patient psychological distress, and 

caregiver strain.13 Another study reported that family members were better proxies than 

staff for symptoms.14 A study of patient-proxy perception of the quality of care found that 

agreement was best when both lived together and shared everyday experiences.15 A 

comparison of patient and surrogate satisfaction ratings found low correlation.16 A study 

between patients, physicians, and proxy demonstrated that significant others and 

physicians had poor agreement on symptoms experience in the last week of life with 

kappa values across multiple symptoms <= 0.4.17 Sulmasy, et. al. explored the accuracy 

of substituted judgments by proxy compared to patients with terminal diseases with 

hypthetical scenarios and explored associations that affected the congruence.18 On 

average, agreement was 66% and was increased if patient and surrogate had spoken about 

end-of-life issues (OR 1.9), if patient had private insurance (OR 1.5), and if the patient 

was more educated (OR 1.7). Clipp and George explored the reliability of spouse 

informants finding that caregivers agreed with patients on objective but not subjective 

measures of functioning and viewed patients' functioning more negatively than patients in 

domains such as depression and fear of the future.19

Agreement between professional health care providers and patients revealed similar

shortcomings. A comparison of patient and nurse assessments reported good agreement 

for symptom control but differences for anxiety, personal thoughts, practical matters, and 

information received.20 Another comparison of patients and nurses found low correlations 

between patients and providers and symptoms; nurses tended to rate patients’ symptoms

more highly than patients rated their own symptoms.

21 An article evaluating the number 

of symptom ratings needed for reliability found that 3 raters on 1 occasion or 2 raters on 

2 occasions were needed.

22 An evaluation of patient-physician concordance reported that 

patients and clinicians disagreed in 26% of cases about whether end-of-life 

communication had occurred.23 Agreement for symptoms assessed by the Rotterdam

HI-1 
Symptom Checklist in over 33,000 cases between physician and patients showed 78% 

agreement with the highest discordance in severity assessment where providers 

demonstrated a consistent bias toward underestimation.24 Fatigue showed marked 

omissions by nurse recognition.25 Another study documented that proxy and physician 

reports agree with patient self-reports for prevalence of chronic diseases but that proxy 

respondents missed certain diagnoses in after-death interviews.17 Three articles compared 

the usefulness of different tools. A comparison of FACT-G, Spitzer QLI, ECOG-PS, 

VAS, and a 5 point word anchor categorical scale concluded that a single-item global 

measure of quality of life was as effective as the multidimensional ones (although QOL 

didn’t change much during the study).26 One study evaluated the content validity of

EORTC QLQ-C30, ESAS, POS, MQOL, and MSAS by comparing the content of each to 

the symptoms and problems noted in records of admitted palliative cancer patients. They 

found that the EORTC QLQ-C30 covered 10 and the MSAS 11 of the 12 most frequent 

problems.27 One article described a surgical palliative workgroup that identified 

validated measures which were potentially applicable to the palliative population.28 

One article evaluated the use of instruments designed for healthier populations for use 

at the end of life. An evaluation of a needs assessment found that some items did not 

apply for hospice patients (such as work issues).29 

Cassarett, et. al. compared 2-week post-death survey to 6-week post-death survey 

timing and found no differences in response rates or self-report of distress.30

Two articles compared thresholds with different instruments. A study evaluating the 

impact of measuring somatic symptoms when diagnosing depression in the terminally ill 

reported that this inflated the rate of diagnosis only with a low-threshold approach to 

diagnosing depression.31 Another study comparing pain intensity markers, the pain relief 

scale, a pain satisfaction scale, and 3 pain management indices reported that the 

proportion of inadequately treated patients ranged from 16-91% depending on the 

measure.32

Five studies evaluated feasibility issues in assessing patients near the end of life. One 

study using a number of scales reported that 66% of eligible palliative care patients were 

able to participate with significant help, although much data was incomplete.33 One 

group devised a 3-word choice to use instead of a numerical scale.14 One study reported 

that missing data was an indicator of more severe illness.34 One study described methods 

for increasing sample size for proxy reports in after death studies with extensive casefinding strategies.35 Hopwood, et. al. report limitations in QOL questionnaires in lung 

and head and neck cancer trials including logistical problems with patients being too ill to 

complete evaluations, organizational problems administering questionnaires, and 

differential quality in administration of measures between type of staff member.36

A number of articles looked at potential sources of bias introduced by methodology in 

end-of-life and palliative care research. One study reported an assessment bias that pain 

was much more likely to be documented on the MDS in nursing home residents enrolled 

in hospice.37 Another study examined selection bias with cluster randomization as is 

often done when comparing different programs or centers of care and reported 

differences in demographic characteristics and diseases representations that were 

attributable to the specialty mix of the groups.38 

HI-2 
Reference List 

1. Storey CP Jr. Trying trials. J Palliat Med 2004;7(3):393-4. 

2. Kapo J, Casarett D. Working to improve palliative care trials. J Palliat Med 

2004;7(3):395-7. 

3. Penrod JD, Morrison RS. Challenges for palliative care research. J Palliat Med 

2004;7(3):398-402. 

4. Buss MK, Arnold RM. Challenges in palliative care research: one experience. J 

Palliat Med 2004;7( 3):405-7. 

5. Wallen GR, Berger A. Mixed methods: in search of truth in palliative care 

medicine. J Palliat Med 2004;7(3):403-4. 

6. Ferrell B. Palliative care research: the need to construct paradigms. J Palliat Med 

2004;7(3):408-10. 

7. George LK. Research design in end-of-life research: state of science. Gerontologist 

2002;42 Spec No 3:86-98. 

8. Tennstedt SL. Commentary on "Research Design in End-of-Life Research: State of 

Science". Gerontologist 2002;42 Spec No 3:99-103. 

9. Tilden VP, Tolle S, Drach L, et al. Measurement of quality of care and quality of

life at the end of life. Gerontologist 2002;42 Spec No 3:71-80. 

 10. Hinton J. How reliable are relatives' retrospective reports of terminal illness?

Patients and relatives' accounts compared. Soc Sci Med 1996;43(8):1229-

36. 

 11. Higginson I, Priest P, McCarthy M. Are bereaved family members a valid proxy for 

a patient's assessment of dying? Soc Sci Med 1994;38(4):553-7. 

 12. Lobchuk MM, Vorauer JD. Family caregiver perspective-taking and accuracy in 

estimating cancer patient symptom experiences. Soc Sci Med

2003;57(12):2379-84. 

 13. Porter LS, Keefe FJ, McBride CM, et al. Perceptions of patients' self-efficacy for 

managing pain and lung cancer symptoms: correspondence between patients 

and family caregivers. Pain 2002;98(1-2):169-78. 

 14. Sterkenburg CA, King B, Woodward CA. A reliability and validity study of the 

McMaster Quality of Life Scale (MQLS) for a palliative population. J 

Palliat Care 1996;12(1):18-25. 

HI-3 
 15. Larsson BW, Larsson G, Carlson SR. Advanced home care: patients' opinions on 

quality compared with those of family members. J Clin Nurs 

2004;13(2):226-33. 

 16. Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM, Pasley PM, et al. A scale for measuring patient 

perceptions of the quality of end-of-life care and satisfaction with treatment: 

the reliability and validity of QUEST. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;23(6):458-70. 

 17. Klinkenberg M, Smit JH, Deeg DJ, et al. Proxy reporting in after-death interviews: 

the use of proxy respondents in retrospective assessment of chronic diseases 

and symptom burden in the terminal phase of life. Palliat Med 

2003;17(2):191-201. 

 18. Sulmasy DP, Terry PB, Weisman CS, et al. The accuracy of substituted judgments 

in patients with terminal diagnoses. Ann Intern Med 1998;128(8):621-9. 

Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1998 Dec 15;129(12):1082-3. PMID: 

9867782. 

 19. Clipp EC, George LK. Patients with cancer and their spouse caregivers. Perceptions 

of the illness experience. Cancer 1992;69(4):1074-9. 

 20. Horton R. Differences in assessment of symptoms and quality of life between 

patients with advanced cancer and their specialist palliative care nurses in a 

home care setting. Palliat Med 2002;16(6):488-94. 

 21. Rhodes VA, McDaniel RW, Matthews CA. Hospice patients' and nurses'

perceptions of self-care deficits based on symptom experience. Cancer Nurs 

1998;21(5):312-9. 

 22. Nekolaichuk CL, Maguire TO, Suarez-Almazor M, et al. Assessing the reliability of 

patient, nurse, and family caregiver symptom ratings in hospitalized 

advanced cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1999;17 (11):3621-30. 

 23. Curtisa JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell E, et al. The quality of patient-doctor 

communication about end-of-life care: a study of patients with advanced 

AIDS and their primary care clinicians. AIDS 1999;13(9):1123-31. 

 24. Stephens RJ, Hopwood P, Girling DJ, et al. Randomized trials with quality of life 

endpoints: are doctors' ratings of patients' physical symptoms

interchangeable with patients' self-ratings? Qual Life Res 1997;6(3):225-36. 

 25. Ekman I, Ehrenberg A. Fatigued elderly patients with chronic heart failure: do 

patient reports and nurse recordings correspond? Int J Nurs Terminol Classif 

2002;13(4):127-36. 

 26. Donnelly S, Rybicki L, Walsh D . Quality of life measurement in the palliative 

management of advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 2001;9(5): 361-5. 

HI-4 
 27. Stromgren AS, Groenvold M, Pedersen L, et al. Symptomatology of cancer patients 

in palliative care: content validation of self-assessment questionnaires 

against medical records. Eur J Cancer 2002;38(6):788-94. 

 28. Surgeons Palliative Care Workgroup. Office of Promoting Excellence in End-ofLife Care: Surgeon's Palliative Care Workgroup report from the field. J Am 

Coll Surg 2003;197(4):661-86. 

 29. Gates MF, Lackey NR, White MR. Needs of hospice and clinic patients with 

cancer. Cancer Pract 1995;3(4):226-32. Comment in: Cancer Pract. 1995 

Jul-Aug;3(4):201. PMID: 7620483. 

 30. Casarett DJ, Crowley R, Hirschman KB. Surveys to assess satisfaction with end-oflife care: does timing matter? J Pain Symptom Manage 2003;25(2):128-32. 

 31. Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, et al. Prevalence of depression in the 

terminally ill: effects of diagnostic criteria and symptom threshold 

judgments. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151(4):537-40. 

 32. de Wit R, van Dam F, Abu-Saad HH, et al. Empirical comparison of commonly 

used measures to evaluate pain treatment in cancer patients with chronic 

pain. J Clin Oncol 1999;17(4):1280. 

 33. Stromgren AS, Goldschmidt D, Groenvold M, et al. Self-assessment in cancer 

patients referred to palliative care: a study of feasibility and symptom

epidemiology. Cancer 2002;94(2):512-20. 

 34. Kopp I, Lorenz W, Rothmund M, et al. Relation between severe illness and noncompletion of quality-of-life questionnaires by patients with rectal cancer. J 

R Soc Med 2003;96(9):442-8. 

 35. Tilden VP, Drach LL, Tolle SW, et al. Sampling challenges in end-of-life research: 

case-finding for family informants. Nurs Res 2002;51(1):66-9. 

 36. Hopwood P, Harvey A, Davies J, et al. Survey of the Administration of quality of 

life (QL) questionnaires in three multicentre randomised trials in cancer. 

The Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party the CHART 

Steering Committee. Eur J Cancer 1998;34(1):49-57. 

 37. Wu N, Miller SC, Lapane K, et al. The problem of assessment bias when measuring 

the hospice effect on nursing home residents' pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;26(5):998-1009. 

 38. Jordhoy MS, Fayers PM, Ahlner-Elmqvist M, et al. Lack of concealment may lead 

to selection bias in cluster randomized trials of palliative care. Palliat Med 

2002;16(1):43-9. 

HI-5 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Agitation Distress Scale1

Domain(s): Emotional symptoms 

Mixed cancer 

6-item; clinician-rating scale 

Principal components analysis 

reveal only 1 component; 

significantly correlated with 

agitation items on MDAS & DRS 

(0.61) but scale was not correlated

with cognitive items 

Cronbach's 0.91; inter-rater kappa 

0.72-1.0 

Anticipatory Grief Scale2 Toolkit 

Domain(s): Grief and 

bereavement 

Mixed diseases

27 items; interviewer or selfadministered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

"Are you depressed?3" 

Domain(s): Emotional symptoms 

Mixed diseases

Single-item screening for depression

Correctly identified diagnosis of 

depression in all patients 

Kappa=0.76 between interviewers 

and observers 

Barthel Index 2 Toolkit

Domain(s): Functional status

Mixed diseases

10 item; self-administered and a 15 

item version that is medical 

professional administered

see Toolkit for details 

see Toolkit for details 

Bereavement Phenomenology 

Questionnaire (BPQ)4

Domain(s): Grief and 

bereavement 

Mixed diseases

22-items, 4 point Likert scale 

Discriminate MANOVA showed

decreasing scores over time; factor 

analysis reveals only one factor 

despite being designed to assess 

four dimensions

Cronbach’s alpha 0.93 

Bereavement Risk Index (BRI)

5

Domain(s): Grief and bereavement 

Mixed diseases

 

Uses an adapted 8-item version 

Significant differences were found 

between low and high-risk groups 

in the Brief Symptom Inventory;

results persisted 25 months after 

death. 

NR 

Brief Hospice Inventory

6

Domain(s): Quality of life; Physical 

symptoms; Emotional symptoms 

Mixed diseases

NR 

Factor analysis reveals 2 factors 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.84-0.94 

Brief scale7

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Lung cancer patients of mixed severity

(uses 2 of 5 items from Spitzer Quality

of Life index); consists of 2 separate 

implicit scores on 3 tier scale for 

mood/outlook (based on 3 structured 

questions) and social support (based

on 2 questions); clinician assessment 

Reported against HADS (outlook 

correlation 0.61, support 0.43) and 

RSCL (outlook 0.64, support 0.18); 

correlation to corresponding 

Spitzer QL-Index (outlook 0.55, 

support 0.53) 

NR 

H2-1 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Cambridge Palliative Assessment 

Schedule (CAMPAS-R)8

Domain(s): Physical symptoms 

Mixed diseases

Patient physical and psychological 

symptoms; patients-rated caregiver 

psychological symptoms; VAS

Correlated with EORTC & HADS 

items and scales for some 

symptoms but not others; 

significant differences between

patients who did and who didn't

survive 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.77-0.8 

Cancer Patient Need Survey

9

Domain(s): Needs assessment 

(Quality of care) 

Mixed cancer 

51 items, 5 categories - coping needs, 

help needs, information needs, work 

needs, cancer shock needs 

Discriminate validity with different 

scores for hospice and clinic 

patients - may need different 

instrument for hospice patients 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.91 

Caregiver Reaction Assessment2

Toolkit

Domain(s): Caregiver well-being 

Mixed diseases

24 items; interviewer administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Caregiver Strain Index2 Toolkit 

Domain(s): Caregiver well-being 

Mixed diseases 

13 items; interviewer administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Center for Epidemilogic Studies 

(CES-D)2 Toolkit

Domain(s): Emotional symptoms 

Mixed diseases

20 items; interviewer or selfadministered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Chao Patient Perception2 Toolkit

Domain(s): Continuity of care 

Mixed diseases

23 items; self-administered mailed 

survey and medical record review

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Comfort Assessment in Dying with 

Dementia (CAD-EOLD)10

Domain(s): Physical symptoms, 

Emotional symptoms 

Single disease -advanced dementia 

14 items; 4 subscales (physical 

distress, dying symptoms, emotional 

distress, well being) 

Item-total correlations range 0.39 

to 0.79; correlation for symptom 

items on SM-EOLD r = 0.475 to 

0.559 

Cronbach's alpha 0.85 overall;

subscales (physical distress 

r=0.74, dying symptoms r=0.70, 

emotional distress r=0.82, well

being r=0.80) 

Communication Capacity Scale1

Domain(s): Emotional symptoms 

Mixed cancer 

5 item; clinician-rating scale 

Principal components analysis 

show only 1 component; highly

associated with cognitive items on 

MDAS and Delirium Rating Scale 

(0.83); not correlated with agitation 

items 

Cronbach’s 0.96; inter-rater kappa 

0.78-0.95

H2-2 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Concept of a Good Death 

measure11

Domain(s): Multidimensional 

measure (Palliative Outcomes) 

Mixed diseases; not used with patients 

17 descriptive statements of 

components that might be related to 

concept of good death; 3 subscales: 

closure, personal control, clinical 

criteria 

Factor analysis - 3 subscales; 

small-to moderate association with 

other measures suggesting that 

these are distinct but related 

constructs; some items with low

variability

Test-retest: ICC 0.66-0.83. 

Core Bereavement Items (CBI)12

Domain(s): Grief and bereavement 

Mixed diseases

17 items, 3 subscales, measuring 

bereavement phenomena (developed 

from Bereavement Phenomenology 

Questionnaire)

Factor analysis to develop

subscales; face validity examines -

kept subscales that described key

components of bereavement; 

discriminant validity to time and 

group effects 

Cronbach's alpha 0.91 

Cornell Scale for Depression in

Dementia (CSDD)13

Domain(s): Emotional symptoms 

Single disease - dementia; 

elderly nursing home residents 

19 items (16 items retained in 4 

domains), 3 level scale; 2 steps - 

clinician interview of caregiver, brief 

patient interview and clinical 

observation 

Oblique rotation 4-factor matrix

with eigenvalues >1.0 account

50% variance; inter-factor 

correlation 0.30 for depression and 

disturbed sleep, others <0.181; 

criterion-validity done; no testing 

with external scales 

Internal consistency 0.76 total 16 

item, depression subscale 0.75, 

somatic 0.72; Cronbach’s 0.76 

Cost and Reciprocity Index (CRI)14

Domain(s): Caregiver well-being 

NR 

25 items(modified), 4 subscales, faceto face for hospice caregivers; concepts 

of social support, reciprocity, cost, and 

conflict 

Testing was done of the original 

instrument in healthy populations - 

relations between subscales are 

consistent with theoretical

framework. 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.68-0.83 

Death Attitude Profile2 Toolkit 

Domain(s): Spirituality

Mixed diseases 

21 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Death Transcendence Scale2 Toolkit

Domain(s): Spirituality

Mixed diseases 

25 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS)

15

Domain(s): Advance care planning 

(Treatment decisions) 

Mixed diseases; applied scale to 

cancer patients 

16 items, 5 point Likert scales; 3 

subscales (uncertainty, factors 

contributing, and effective decision 

making) 

Construct validity among 

subscales 0.58 - 0.76; criterion 

validity significant between certain 

vs. uncertain groups; 3 factor 

model rejected (4 factor suggested 

in exploratory work) 

Prior testing - internal consistency 

0.78-0.89; test-retest >0.80; in 

combined subscales in this study - 

uncertainty 0.75, factor contributing 

0.82, and decision making 0.82

H2-3 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Duke-UNC Social Support Scale16

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Single disease - lung cancer 

NR 

NR 

Cronbach’s overall 0.94, subscales 

0.88 to 0.92 

Dyspnea Descriptor 

Questionnaire17

Domain(s): Physical symptoms 

(dyspnea) 

Single disease -heart failure;

study done as convenience sample at 

single emergency department 

13 descriptors asked retrospectively

(derived from literature search) 

Factor analysis done - 4 factor

71% 

Cronbach’s 0.95; inter-item 

correlation 0.60

Edmonton Functional Assessment 

Tool (EFAT-2)18,19,20

Domain(s): Functional status

Mixed diseases

10 items (revised version); professional 

grading and evaluation scale describing 

symptoms and functions, one summary

functional assessment; 0-4 scale 

Concurrent validity shows it to be 

highly correlated with KPS and 

ECOG; total score highly

correlated with global scale. 

Construct validity distinguished 

between inpatients and home

palliative care patients. EFAT -2 

(revision of EFAT)

19 not correlated 

with pain; significantly different in 

different groups based on

discharge location; factor analysis: 

2 components - physical & 

cognitive/affective 

Inter-rater, ICC 0.71; Cronbach’s 

alpha 0.86; Interrater ICC 0.97 for 

self trained clinicians (n = 2) and 

0.95 for formal trained (n = 2); 

kappa on items ranged from 0.25 

to 0.96 for self trained clinician pair 

and 0.17 to 0.95 for formal trained 

H2-4 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Edmonton Symptom Assessment 

Scale (ESAS)2, Toolkit, 21

Domain(s): Physical Symptoms 

Mixed diseases 

9 items on 100mm visual analogue 

scale; self-administered or proxy 

See Toolkit for additional details 

Correlation to MSAS Global 

Distress r = 0.73; concurrent 

validity ESAS summary distress 

score to MSAS demonstrated;

TMSAS scale (0.72), GDI (0.73), 

physical symptom subscale (0.74), 

and psychologic symptom 

subscale (0.56); ESAS summary

distress score to FACT 

demonstrated: physical well being 

subscale (-0.75), sum QOL (-0.69), 

functional well being (-0.63), 

emotional well being (-0.52) and 

social/family well being (-0.25); all 

item correlations reported as 

significant; calibration studies 

showed overlap for median values 

within scales for all items 

Cronbach alpha 0.79; test-retest 

Spearman correlation 0.86 at 2 

days and 0.45 at 1 week; all items 

significantly correlated at 2 days (r 

= 0.43 to 0.86) but at 1 week only

pain (0.75), activity (0.65), 

depression (0.54), shortness of 

breath (0.53) and distress (0.45) 

were significantly correlated; 

European Organization for 

Research and Treatment Core 

Quality of Life Questionnaire, 

version 3.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30)22,

Toolkit,2, 16 

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed diseases

30 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for additional details; 

Inter-scale correlations were

moderate in general, statistically

significant - weak correlations 

where they should have been 

weak; discriminative by functional 

status (p=0.01); responsiveness to 

changes in health status over time 

- significant difference (p<0.001) 

for pre & post treatment; construct 

- exploratory factor analysis - 6 

factors. 

 

Cronbach’s overall 0.93, subscales 

0.69 to 0.89 (7 or 12 subscales >

0.80); in palliative population 

Cronbach’s 0.56-0.79 

FACT/FACIT (Fact-G)23,2 Toolkit

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed diseases

27 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

H2-5 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

FAMCARE2, Toolkit, 24, 25

Domain(s): Satisfaction 

Mixed diseases

20 items; interviewer administered 

See Toolkit for details 

Inter-item correlations met criterion 

(minimum 50% with r = 0.3 to 0.7) 

for 18 of 20 items; item correlation 

to total score 0.4 to 0.75 for 12 of 

12 items; Cronbach’s alpha 0.93 

Family Assessment Device

(FAD)24

Domain(s): Satisfaction, Caregiver 

well-being 

Mixed disease

12 items; assess family functioning 

NR 

Inter-item correlations met criterion 

(minimum 50% with r = 0.3 to 0.7) 

for 18 of 20 items; item correlation 

to total score 0.4 to 0.75 for 12 of 

12 items; Cronbach’s alpha 0.88 

Family Caregiver Medication 

Administration Hassles Scale26

Domain(s): Caregiver well-being 

Community study (details of patients 

not given) - looks at problems 

caregivers experience with assisting 

elderly with medications 

24 items paper survey; 4 subscales 

(Information, Safety Issues, 

Scheduling, & Polypharmacy); scale 0-

5 for each item 

Principal components and factor 

analysis done (66.5% cumulative 

variance; construct validity to 

Medication Complexity Index

(r=0.19) & modified Caregiver 

Strain Index (r=0.44) 

Test-Retest at 2 weeks (n=53) 0.84 

(0.78-0.85 Pearson correlation

across subscales); internal 

consistency 0.95; Cronbach’s

alpha (0.80-0.92 across subscales) 

F-Care Expectations Scale24

Domain(s): Satisfaction 

Mixed diseases

16 items; assess family care

expectations 

NR 

Inter-item correlations met criterion 

(minimum 50% with r = 0.3 to 0.7) 

for 13 of 16 items; item correlation 

to total score 0.4 to 0.72 for 12 of 

16 items; Cronbach’s alpha 0.88 

F-Care Perceptions Scale24

Domain(s): Satisfaction 

Mixed diseases

21 items; sssess family members care 

perceptions 

NR 

Inter-item correlations met criterion 

(minimum 50% with r = 0.3 to 0.7) 

for 18 of 21 items; item correlation 

to total score 0.4 to 0.72 for 13 of 

21 items; Cronbach’s alpha 0.86 

FIMTM Instrument2,Toolkit

Domain(s): Functional status

Mixed diseases

18 items; interviewer administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Frail Elderly Functional 

Assessment Questionnaire 

(FEFA)27

Domain(s): Functional status

Mixed diseases; age > 65 years; 

homebound and nursing home 

19 items; assess function in elderly at 

very low activity level; interviewer 

administered 

Correlation to direct observation 

(r=0.90); also Katz's ADL index 

(r=0.86), Barthel index (r=0.91), 

Lawton's IADL index (r=0.67) 

Test-retest in n = 29 at 2 week

interval - kappa 0.82 overall, all 

items > 0.40 (0.45-0.91) 

H2-6 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Grief Experience Inventory (GEI)28

Domain(s): Grief and bereavement 

NR 

102 statement self-administered 

inventory scaled yes/no; nine 

composite scales including 3 validity

and 6 domains

Discriminate validity bereaved 

versus non-bereaved reported

significant at 0.001 level on all

subscales 

Test-retest coefficients 0.53-0.87; 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.52-0.84 on

bereavements scales 

Grief Resolution Index2,Toolkit

Domain(s): Grief and 

bereavement 

Mixed diseases

7 items; interviewer or selfadministered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for 

Aged index (HRCA-QL)29

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Adapted for patients with advanced

cancer 

Version of the Spitzer Quality of Life 

index

 

Scores declined as patients 

became closer to death; sensitive 

to change in status; criterion 

validity correlated with KPS and 

IADL index

Cronbach’s alpha 0.7-0.78; testretest: 0.89; inter-rater 0.67 

Herth Hope Index

2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Spirituality

Mixed diseases 

12 items; interviewer administered; 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist 

(HGRC)30

Domain(s): Grief and bereavement 

Mixed diseases

61 items; six constructs, (despair, panic 

behavior, blame and anger, 

disorganization, detachment, and 

personal growth) 

Convergent validity to TRIG, GEI 

and IES ranged from r = 0.20 to 

0.78 with significant correlations 

across subscales; discriminant 

validity in subset of mothers who 

experienced death of a child by

different mechanisms (illness, 

accident, suicide, or homicide) 

revealed differences in blame and 

anger; discriminate validity with

subset of mothers with deaths

<or>3 years in past revealed

difference in intensity of grief and 

personal growth; factor analysis 

reported 

Cronbach’s alpha overall 0.90

(despair 0.89, panic behavior 0.90, 

blame and anger 0.79, 

disorganization 0.84, detachment 

0.87, and personal growth 0.82); 

test-retest over 4 week interval 

significant at p<0.001 (despair r =

0.79, blame and anger r = 0.56, 

disorganization r = 0.85, 

detachment r = 0.77 and personal 

growth r = 0.81) 

H2-7 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Hospice Pressure Ulcer Risk 

Assessment Scale (HoRT)

31

Domain(s): Clinical assessment 

tool 

Mixed diseases

assess physical activity, age, mobility

discriminant validity with 

statistically significant differences 

between patients with and without 

ulcers. PPV 50%, NPV 100%. 

NR 

Hospital Anxiety and Depression 

Scale (HADS)32

Domain(s): Emotional symptoms 

Breast cancer 

 

self-report, 7-items depression, 7-items 

anxiety; tries to discriminate between

anxiety and depression 

Using cutoff value of tool, 

sensitivity/specificity (depression) 

75%, 75%, misclassification rate 

25%; (anxiety) 75%, 90%, 12% 

NR 

Index of Independence in ADLs2

Domain(s): Functional status

Mixed diseases

6 items; medical professional rating 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Index of support; done as part of 

Canadian Study of Health and

Aging (CSHA)33

Domain(s): Instrumental support 

available to older Canadian 

community residents 

Community study of elderly 

6 items; 4 level scales; interview

4 phases: factor analysis (item

correlations 0.26 to 0.83), item

response theory analysis, external

(construct and predictive validity on

2nd half of study population), and 

IRT(r=0.53 to network 

size)/classical (r=0.61) comparison 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.76; IRT

marginal reliability 0.85 

Kansas City Cardiomyopathy

Questionnaire34

Domain(s): Quality of life; Physical 

symptoms; Functional status

Single disease - CHF

Self-administered, 23-items, HRQOL in 

CHF 

Convergent validity 0.46 - 0.74

across 7 domains; physical

limitation to 6-minute walk (r=0.48), 

SF-36 (r=0.84), LiHFe (0.65); 

responsiveness higher than LiHFe 

and SF-36 for admission with CHF

exacerbation 

Cronbach's alpha 0.62-0.95 across 

7 domains; test-retest at 3 months 

without exacerbation 0.8 to 4 point 

changes in 1-100 point scale

Life Closure Scale (LCS)35

Domain(s): Spirituality 

Mixed cancer diagnoses 

45 items; assess psychological 

adaptation in dying 

Content validity with interviews and 

experts evaluation 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.80 

H2-8 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Life Evaluation Questionnaire

(LEQ)36

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed diseases

121 items, 0-60 scale; selfadministered; five subscales (freedom, 

appreciation of life, contentment, 

resentment, social integration)

Convergent validity to RSCL 

ranged from 0.01 to 0.62 (sufficient 

only for freedom, resentment, and 

social integration); convergent to 

MacAdam and Smith Support 

scale factor ranged from 0.02 to 

0.62 and similarly sufficient only for 

freedom, resentment, and social 

integration; analysis with five

components reported. 

Cronbach's alpha (freedom 0.70, 

appreciation of life 0.76, 

contentment 0.76, resentment

0.85, social integration 0.78); testretest n=40, at 2-3 days (freedom 

r=0.80, appreciation of life r=0.91, 

contentment r=0.77, resentment 

r=0.92, social integration r=0.84) 

Linear Analogue Scale (LAS) for 

quality of life in cancer patients

37

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed cancer 

5 questions, linear analogue scale, selfassessment 

Correlation between LAS and 

performance status (r=0.46); 

questionnaire and performance 

status (r=0.38) - overall poor 

performance noted 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.75; subgroup 

LAS (alpha 0.58) compared to

questionnaire (0.93); n=41 testretest LAS (29.3% of cases judged 

reliable), questionnaire (82.9%) 

H2-9 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Lung Cancer Symptom Scale 

(LCCS)38,39,40

Domain(s): Quality of life; Physical 

symptoms; Emotional symptoms; 

Functional status 

Single disease - lung cancer 

2 scales; patient - 9 items visual scale 

(100mm) and observer - 6 items (4 

point or none scale) 

Construct validity with KPS 0.15-

0.63 across items (symptomatic 

distress 0.49, effect on activities 

0.63, QOL 0.43); criterion validity

(patient scale / observer scale 

respectively) - KPS (r=0.63, NA), 

SIP(0.40, 0.56), POMS(0.67,0.54), 

ATS 29 cough (0.56, 0.65) and

dyspnea (0.46, 0.64), SF-MPQ 

(items range 0.51 - 0.67); content 

validity (high agreement noted

without specific data); construct 

validity between scales: cough 

(r=0.74), dyspnea (r=0.66), 

hemoptysis (r=0.71), pain (r=0.71), 

wt loss (r=0.61); criterion validity to 

Karnofsky r=0.59 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.82 (patient

scale) and 0.75 (observer); internal 

consistency to BSI (r=0.93), SIP 

(r=0.94), POMS (r=0.94), SF-MPQ 

(r=0.91, r=0.64-0.74 for 3 

components); test-retest r>0.75 for 

all items; interobserver r>0.75 for 

all items except cough (r=0.65) and 

weakness (r=0.54); note weakness 

has subsequently been dropped 

McCusker Scale2,Toolkit

Domain(s): Continuity of care 

Mixed diseases

4 items; interviewer administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

McGill Pain Questionnaire2,Toolkit

Domain(s): Physical symptoms 

Mixed diseases 

11 items; interviewer or selfadministered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

McGill QOL Questionnaire2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed diseases

17 items, 0-10 scale; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

McMaster Quality of Life Scale41

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed cancer

Administered to proxies or patients; 

responsive to perceptions of change in

clinical status (p=0.01) 

Concurrent validity as correlated 

well with Spitzer QOL (r=0.7); 

those able to rate it themselves 

rated QOL higher than those who 

needed to have it read to them (p0.04); days until death explained 

7% of the variance in QOL 

Interobserver r = 0.83-0.95; 

intrarater 1 week 0.63 (lower than 

on same day); Cronbach’s 0.8

H2-10 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Meaning in Life Scale2

Domain(s): Spirituality

Mixed diseases 

15 items; interviewer administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Measure of patients' assessment 

of the quality of communication

about end-of-life care42

Domain(s): Advance care planning 

Single disease - HIV/AIDS 

4 items 

Correlated with overall satisfaction 

with medical care (0.76); those 

with higher-rated communication 

had clinicians more likely to know if 

the had a DPOA 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.81 

Medical Outcome Study

Satisfaction Survey

2,Toolkit

Domain(s): Satisfaction 

Mixed diseases; 

21 items; self-administered; 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Memorial Pain Assessment Card2

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed diseases 

8 descriptors and 3 visual analogue 

scales; self-administered; 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Memorial Symptom Assessment 

Scale2, Toolkit , 43, 44

Domain(s): Physical symptoms, 

Emotional symptoms 

Mixed diseases

32 items; interviewer or selfadministered; 

See Toolkit for additional details. 

Convergent validity to the Piper 

Fatigue Scale ranged from r=0.15 

to 0.56 for cancer patients and 

0.29 to 0.61 for noncancer 

patients43 (best for behavioral and 

sensory subscales of the PFS); 

factor analysis yielded one 

psychological factor and one 

physical symptom with 3 

subgroups; separate study 44

showed univariate correlations to 

MHI well being -0.60 (-0.53 to 0.66 

for 3 subscales), MHI distress 0.65 

(0.48 to 0.80), FLIC -0.78 (-0.61 to 

-0.78, subscales of FLIC range -

0.45 to -0.73), SDS 0.79 (0.57 to 

0.81), and Karnofsky -0.58 (-0.31 

to -0.65); the physical and global 

distress index subscales 

performed better than the 

psychological symptom subscale 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.85 in cancer 

patients (n = 66) and 0.77 in 

noncancer end-stage group (n =

69); 

Missoula-VITAS QOL Index2,Toolkit 

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed diseases

27 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

H2-11 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Pain Assessment in Advanced 

Dementia (PAINAD)45

Domain(s): Physical symptoms 

Single disease - advanced dementia 

patients in nursing home 

5 items with 5 subdomains of pain each 

with scale 3 levels (29 choices); overall 

additive score 0-10 

Factor analysis done; convergent 

analysis to DS-DAT & DS-VAS 

(r=0.76, n=19) and PAIN-VAS

(r=0.75, n=18) - note also done in 

different conditions (r>=0.82 in

activity) 

Multiple observations across 44

patients; Cronbach’s alpha 0.57 - 

0.83 in multiple phases 

Palliative Care Outcome Scale 

(POS)46

Domain(s): Quality of life; Physical 

symptoms; Functional status; 

Continuity of care; 

Multidimensional measure 

Mixed diseases

2 parts - patient & staff; each 12 items, 

most 0-4 scale; general audit designed 

as a palliative care outcome measure, 

eight site study 

Construct validity r=0.43-0.80 

against ETORTC QLC-C30 AND 

STAS (n=29 patients, 43 staff); 

change over time not statistically 

significant; face validity by patient 

survey (n=12 - qualitative) 

Test-retest for seven items kappa -

0.08-0.62 with % agreement 74-

100%; Cronbach’s alpha patient 

part (0.65) & staff part (0.70); 

Kappa > 0.3 staff compared to

patient responses for 8 out of 10 

items 

Palliative Care Quality of Life 

Instrument (PQLI)47

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed cancer 

28 items, 6 scales 

Face validity: expert review, 

patients asked to pick most 

important issues, rate scales; 

compared patients with better & 

worse ECOG performance status 

(significant); responsiveness 

before and after treatment; factor 

analysis; construct - correlated with

AQEL (correlation coefficients 

0.44-0.94) and EORTC - QLQ-C30 

(0.79-0.97); criterion: ability to 

predict independent criterion 

variables (p<0.001); convergent & 

discriminative: related to 

corresponding & not to noncorresponding variables on 

interview (p<0.001) 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.79; test-retest 

coefficients of agreement 0.82

Physical Disability Index (PDI)48

Domain(s): Functional status

NR 

54 items, for use with frail individuals; 

requires calibrated specialized

performance measuring equipment 

Discriminate validity against 

Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam

(r=0.11); convergent validity

Physical Self-Maintenance Scale 

(r=-0.71) and Sickness Impact

Profile (r=-0.59); 

Test-retest in n = 36 at 2-5 days 

0.97 overall, 4 subscales 0.92-

0.96; interrater reliability 0.81-0.99 

(mobility scale -0.02-0.70) 

H2-12 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Physical Self-Maintenance Scale2, Toolkit

Domain(s): Functional status

Mixed diseases 

6 items; interviewer or selfadministered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Picker-Commonwealth Survey2, 

Toolkit

Domain(s): Continuity of care,

Satisfaction 

Mixed diseases 

62 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Postal questionnaire to examine 

career satisfaction with palliative 

care49

Domain(s): Satisfaction 

Mixed diseases

89 question; after-death postal survey

of caregivers 

Discriminant validity tested with 36 

attitudinal questions when health 

problems identified - only 4 were 

significant by Chi square; 

convergent testing reported in

tabular form in reference 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.68 to 0.84

across 7 subsets 

Profile of Mood States2, Toolkit

Domain(s): Emotional symptoms 

Mixed diseases 

11 items; interviewer administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Quality of Dying and Death 

(QODD)50-53

Domain(s): Quality of life, 

Functional status, Survival time

and aggressiveness of care, 

Advance care planning, Spirituality, 

Grief and bereavement, Caregiver 

well-being, Multidimensional 

Mixed diseases

31 item family after-death interview

across 6 domains; separate 23-item 

ICU version; 2 parts assess frequency 

and quality ratings; also 14-item nurse 

caregiver measure 

Measure development included

qualitative data from multiple focus 

groups and interviews. QODD 31-

item family after-death measure: 

construct validity r=-0.52 against 

MSAS, r=-0.47 MSAS 

psychological sub-score, r=-0.42 

MSAS physical sub-score; 

discriminative study with

independent symptom 

questionnaire significant at p<0.01, 

preferences at p<0.01, and 

communication p<0.001; 

correlation to global rating of last 7 

days of life r=0.55, moment of 

death r=0.51 (two factors 

explaining 38% of QODD variance) 

Overall 31-items QODD 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.89; Cronbach‘s 

alpha 0.96 for 14 item RN version; 

interobserver reliability 0.44 for 

overall QODD (23-item ICU 

version) after-death survey; 

components ranged from 0.15 to 

1.0 for frequency components

(mean 0.54), 0.16 to 0.59 for 

quality rating component (mean 

0.32) 

H2-13 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Quality of End-of-Life Care and 

Satisfaction with Treatment 

(QUEST)

54

Domain(s): Satisfaction 

Mixed diseases

4 scales (MD care, MD satisfaction, RN 

care, RN satisfaction); patients & 

surrogates, rate RNs & MDs 

Reviewed by experts; construct - 

correlate with PSI (Patient 

Satisfaction Index) 0.38-0.47;

subscales correlated with each

other (0.47-0.69); not correlated 

with unrelated constructs; 

positive skew distribution for many

items; negative correlation with

symptoms; patients scores were 

lower for patients with DNR orders 

Test-retest: kappa 0.43-0.86 (1-2 

days); Cronbach’s 0.83-0.95 

QUAL-E (Quality of Life at End of 

Life)55

Domain(s): Quality of life 

Mixed diseases

24 items 

Factor analysis reveals 5 domains: 

life completion, relationships with

the health care system, 

preparation/anticipatory concerns, 

symptom impact, connectedness 

and affective social support. 

 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.6-0.84

RAND Mental Health Inventory 

(MHI-5)2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Emotional symptoms 

Mixed diseases

5 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Rapid Disability Rating Scale2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Functional status

Mixed diseases 

18 items; medical professional rating 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Relatives' patient management

questionnaire56

Domain(s): Advance care planning; 

Satisfaction 

Mixed cancer 

21 items, 5 scales in final version: 

families' attitudes, perceptions, and 

patterns of choice in management of 

terminal cancer patients 

Construct validity inter-scale 

correlations 0.6-0.86; discriminant 

low correlation with unrelated items 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.5-0.69

Resident Assessment Instrument 

for Palliative Care (RAI-PC)57

Domain(s): Physical symptoms; 

Emotional symptoms; Functional 

status; Advance care planning; 

Spirituality; Palliative Outcomes 

NR 

Builds on RAI for NH resident 

assessment; 9 domains; for clinician 

assessment in NH 

NR 

Interobserver - kappa 0.77-0.9

Rotterdam Symptom Checklist 

(RSCL)32 

Domain(s): Physical symptoms; 

Emotional symptoms; Functional 

status 

Single disease - breast cancer

Self-report; 3 subscales: physical (22 

items), psychological (8 items), ADL (8 

items); 4 point scale 

Using cutoff value of tool, 

sensitivity/specificity 75%, 80%; 

misclassification rate 21% 

NR 

H2-14 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Santa Clara Strength of Religious 

Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF)

58

Domain(s): Spirituality

Mixed cancer 

10-items developed to evaluate links 

with psychological health 

Convergent: strongly correlated 

with intrinsic religiosity, moderately 

correlated with religious practice, 

perception of self as spiritual, 

comfort derived from religion. 

Test-retest: 0.82; Cronbach’s alpha 

0.95. 

Satisfaction With Care at the End 

of Life in Dementia (SWC-EOLD)10

Domain(s): Satisfaction 

Single disease - dementia

10 items; 4-point scale; one-factor 

Item-total correlations range 0.33 

to 0.79 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.90 

Smith-Falvo Paitent-Doctor 

Interaction Scale2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Continuity of care 

Mixed diseases 

17 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Spiritual Perspective Scale2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Spirituality

Mixed disease; 

10 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Spiritual Well-Being Scale2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Spirituality

Mixed diseases 

20 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Stanford Health Assessment 

Questionnaire2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Functional status

Mixed diseases

20 items; interviewer/telephone or selfadministered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

Support Team Assessment 

Schedule (STAS)59,60

Domain(s): Physical symptoms; 

Multidimensional measure 

Mixed diseases - broadly across 

hospice patients; one study

60 applied to 

acute care oncology unit and a 

palliative care unit 

17 items, scale 0-4; 7 items grouped 

into a) patient and family items (4) and 

b) service items (3); interview

administered 

Validity by comparison of type of 

rater: kappa for patient to staff 

(n=62-78) ranged from 0.12-0.78, 

total score Spearman rho 0.66; 

kappa for family to staff (n=58-67) 

ranged from -0.06-0.51, total score 

Spearman rho 0.44. Validity by

comparison to patient rating - 

overall r=-0.09 palliative care and 

r=0.28 oncology (p>0.05); to family

rating overall r=0.38 palliative care 

and r=0.37 oncology (p>0.05); item 

kappa 0.00 - 0.61. 

Interobserver reliability mostly

r=0.4-0.6 (range 0.27-1.0) ; 

intraobserver reliability (r=-0.33-

0.88) for overall score and range 

0.1-1.0 for items; test-retest 0.50 

for palliative care team and 0.71 

for oncology team 

H2-15 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Measure name

Domain(s) 

Population Setting 

Brief description 

Validity Testing 

Reliability Data 

Symptom Distress Scale (SDS)61

Domain(s): Physical symptoms 

Mixed diseases – applied to symptoms 

in females with lung cancer 

10 items, self-report; modified to 13 

items for lung cancer in 1980s

Factor analysis with principal 

components and varimax rotation - 

5 factor 65% variance; also 

correlation of certain items to parts 

of Karnofsky Performance Status 

(r= -0.27 to -0.48) overall r=-0.58 

NR 

Symptom Management at the End 

of Life in Dementia (SM-EOLD)10

Domain(s): Physical symptoms, 

Emotional symptoms 

Single disease - dementia

9 items; frequency ratings of multiple

symptoms 

Item-total correlations range 0.18 

to 0.66; correlations for symptom 

items on CAD-EOLD r = 0.475 to 

0.559 

Cronbach’s alpha 0.78 

Symptom Monitor62

Domain(s): Physical symptoms 

Mixed diseases

10-item diary for physical symptoms 

NR 

Inter-rater ICCs > 0.75 

Toolkit After-Death Bereaved

Family Member Interview63,2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Satisfaction 

Mixed diseases (hospice, nursing 

homes, & hospital) 

8 domains, telephone survey with

family member 3-6 months after death; 

up to 133 items 

See Toolkit for additional details; 

scales moderately correlated with

overall satisfaction and with 

corresponding individual rating

question for the construct; families 

of those who died in hospice 

reported better care - significant for 

three of the eight scores 

Cronbach’s >0.7 for >3 item 

scales, 0.58 for 3-item scales; testretest: 34 items had Kappa/ICC 

<0.4 - low ICC question dropped. 

Willingness to Accept Lifesustaining Treatment instrument 

(WALT)

64

Domain(s): Advance care planning 

Mixed diseases; 

associated with age, ethnicity, & 

functional impairment 

No description provided 

face: reviewed by patients & 

experts; correlated with simpler 

measure of preference 

inter-rater 0.73-0.95; test-retest 

0.49-0.93

Wisconsin Brief Pain 

Questionnaire2 ,Toolkit

Domain(s): Physical symptoms 

Mixed diseases 

17 items; self-administered 

See Toolkit for details 

See Toolkit for details 

H2-16 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Reference List 

1. Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, et al. Communication Capacity Scale and Agitation 

Distress Scale to measure the severity of delirium in terminally ill cancer patients: 

a validation study. Palliat Med 2001;15(3):197-206. 

2. Teno J. Time: Toolkit of Instruments to Measure End-of-life Care. available at URL: 

http://www.chcr.brown.edu/pcoc/toolkit.htm. Accessed 8/6/2004. 

3. Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, et al. "Are you depressed?" Screening for 

depression in the terminally ill. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154(5):674-6. Comment in: 

Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;155(7):994-5. PMID: 9659876. 

4. Kissane DW, Bloch S, McKenzie DP. The bereavement phenomenology questionnaire: a 

single factor only. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1997;31(3):370-4. 

5. Robinson LA, Nuamah IF, Lev E, et al. A prospective longitudinal investigation of 

spousal bereavement examining Parkes and Weiss' Bereavement Risk Index. J 

Palliat Care 1995;11(4):5-13. 

6. Guo H, Fine PG, Mendoza TR, et al. A preliminary study of the utility of the brief 

hospice inventory. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22(2):637-48. 

7. Abratt R, Viljoen G. Assessment of quality of life by clinicians--experience of a practical 

method in lung cancer patients. S Afr Med J 1995;85(9):896-8. 

8. Ewing G, Todd C, Rogers M, et al. Validation of a symptom measure suitable for use 

among palliative care patients in the community: CAMPAS-R. J Pain Symptom

Manage 2004;27(4):287-299. 

9. Gates MF, Lackey NR, White MR. Needs of hospice and clinic patients with cancer. 

Cancer Pract 1995;3(4):226-32. Comment in: Cancer Pract. 1995 JulAug;3(4):201. PMID: 7620483. 

10. Volicer L, Hurley AC, Blasi ZV . Scales for evaluation of End-of-Life Care in Dementia. 

Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2001;15(4):194-200. 

11. Schwartz CE, Mazor K, Rogers J, et al. Validation of a new measure of concept of a good 

death. J Palliat Med 2003;6(4):575-84. 

12. Burnett P, Middleton W, Raphael B, et al. Measuring core bereavement phenomena. 

Psychol Med 1997;27(1):49-57. 

13. Kurlowicz LH, Evans LK, Strumpf NE, et al. A psychometric evaluation of the Cornell 

Scale for Depression in Dementia in a frail, nursing home population. Am J 

Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;10(5):600-8. 

14. Kirschling JM, Tilden VP, Butterfield PG. Social support: the experience of hospice 

H2-17 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

family caregivers. Hosp J 1990;6(2):75-93. 

15. Koedoot N, Molenaar S, Oosterveld P, et al. The decisional conflict scale: further 

validation in two samples of Dutch oncology patients. Patient Educ Couns 

2001;45(3):187-93. 

16. Herndon JE 2nd, Fleishman S, Kosty MP, et al. A longitudinal study of quality of life in 

advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 

8931. Control Clin Trials 1997;18 (4):286-300. Comment in: Control Clin Trials. 

1997 Aug;18(4):306-10. PMID: 9257069. Comment in: Control Clin Trials. 1997 

Aug;18(4):311-7. PMID: 9257070. 

17. Parshall MB, Welsh JD, Brockopp DY, et al. Reliability and validity of dyspnea sensory 

quality descriptors in heart failure patients treated in an emergency department. 

Heart Lung 2001;30(1):57-65. 

18. Kaasa T, Loomis J, Gillis K, et al. The Edmonton Functional Assessment Tool: 

preliminary development and evaluation for use in palliative care. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 1997;13(1):10-9. 

19. Kaasa T, Wessel J. The Edmonton Functional Assessment Tool: further development and 

validation for use in palliative care. J Palliat Care 2001;17(1):5-11. 

20. Kaasa T, Wessel J, Darrah J, et al. Inter-rater reliability of formally trained and selftrained raters using the Edmonton Functional Assessment Tool. Palliat Med 

2000;14(6):509-17. 

21. Chang VT, Hwang SS, Feuerman M . Validation of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment 

Scale. Cancer 2000;88(9):2164-71. 

22. Kyriaki M, Eleni T, Efi P, et al. The EORTC core quality of life questionnaire (QLQC30, version 3.0) in terminally ill cancer patients under palliative care: validity 

and reliability in a Hellenic sample. Int J Cancer 2001;94(1):135-9. 

23. Cella DF, Tulsky DS, Gray G, et al. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale: 

development and validation of the general measure. J Clin Oncol 1993 

;11(3):570-9. 

24. Kristjanson LJ, Leis A, Koop PM, et al. Family members' care expectations, care 

perceptions, and satisfaction with advanced cancer care: results of a multi-site 

pilot study. J Palliat Care 1997;13(4):5-13. 

25. Kristjanson LJ. Validity and reliability testing of the FAMCARE Scale: measuring family 

satisfaction with advanced cancer care. Social Science & Medicine 

1993;36(5):693-701. 

26. Travis SS, Bernard MA, McAuley WJ, et al. Development of the family caregiver 

medication administration hassles scale. Gerontologist 2003;43(3):360-8. 

H2-18 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

27. Gloth FM 3rd, Walston J, Meyer J, et al. Reliability and validity of the Frail Elderly 

Functional Assessment questionnaire. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1995;74(1):45-53. 

28. Feldstein MA, Gemma PB. Oncology nurses and chronic compounded grief. Cancer 

Nurs 1995;18(3):228-36. 

29. Llobera J, Esteva M, Benito E, et al. Quality of life for oncology patients during the 

terminal period. Validation of the HRCA-QL index. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(5):294-303. 

30. Hogan NS, Greenfield DB, Schmidt LA. Development and validation of the Hogan Grief 

Reaction Checklist. Death Stud 2001;25(1):1-32. 

31. Henoch I, Gustafsson M. Pressure ulcers in palliative care: development of a hospice 

pressure ulcer risk assessment scale. Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(11):474-84. 

32. Hopwood P, Howell A, Maguire P . Screening for psychiatric morbidity in patients with 

advanced breast cancer: validation of two self-report questionnaires. British 

Journal of Cancer 1991;64(2):353-6. 

33. Kristjansson B, Breithaupt K, McDowell I. Development and validation of an indicator of 

support for community-residing older Canadians. Int Psychogeriatr 2001;13 Supp 

1:125-35. 

34. Green CP, Porter CB, Bresnahan DR, et al. Development and evaluation of the Kansas 

City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: a new health status measure for heart 

failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35 (5):1245-55. 

35. Dobratz MC. The Life Closure Scale: a measure of psychological adaptation in death 

and dying. Hosp J 1990;6(3):1-15. 

36. Salmon P, Manzi F, Valori RM. Measuring the meaning of life for patients with incurable 

cancer: the life evaluation questionnaire (LEQ). Eur J Cancer 1996;32A(5):755-

60. 

37. Giorgi F, Cellerino R, Gramazio A, et al. Assessing quality of life in patients with cancer: 

a comparison of a visual-analogue and a categorical model. Am J Clin Oncol 

1996;19(4):394-9. 

38. Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, et al. Normative data and trends in quality of life from the 

Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS). Support Care Cancer 1999;7(3):140-8. 

39. Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, et al. Measurement of quality of life in patients with lung 

cancer in multicenter trials of new therapies. Psychometric assessment of the 

Lung Cancer Symptom Scale. Cancer 1994;73(8):2087-98. 

40. Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, et al. Quality of life assessment in individuals with lung 

cancer: testing the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS). Eur J Cancer 1993;29A 

H2-19 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

Suppl 1:S51-8. 

41. Sterkenburg CA, King B, Woodward CA. A reliability and validity study of the 

McMaster Quality of Life Scale (MQLS) for a palliative population. J Palliat Care 

1996;12(1):18-25. 

42. Curtisa JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell E, et al. The quality of patient-doctor communication 

about end-of-life care: a study of patients with advanced AIDS and their primary 

care clinicians. AIDS 1999;13(9):1123-31. 

43. Tranmer JE, Heyland D, Dudgeon D, et al. Measuring the symptom experience of 

seriously ill cancer and noncancer hospitalized patients near the end of life with 

the memorial symptom assessment scale. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;25(5):420-9. 

44. Chang VT, Thaler HT, Polyak TA, et al. Quality of life and survival: the role of 

multidimensional symptom assessment. Cancer 1998;83(1):173-9. 

45. Warden V, Hurley AC, Volicer L . Development and psychometric evaluation of the Pain 

Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc 

2003;4(1):9-15. Comment in: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2003 Jan-Feb;4(1):50-1. 

PMID: 12807599. 

46. Hearn J, Higginson IJ. Development and validation of a core outcome measure for 

palliative care: the palliative care outcome scale. Palliative Care Core Audit 

Project Advisory Group. Qual Health Care 1999;8(4):219-27. 

47. Mystakidou K, Tsilika E, Kouloulias V, et al. The "Palliative Care Quality of Life 

Instrument (PQLI)" in terminal cancer patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes 

2004;2(1):8. 

48. Gerety MB, Mulrow CD, Tuley MR, et al. Development and validation of a physical 

performance instrument for the functionally impaired elderly: the Physical

Disability Index (PDI). J Gerontol 1993;48(2):M33-8. 

49. Jacoby A, Lecouturier J, Bradshaw C, et al. Feasibility of using postal questionnaires to 

examine carer satisfaction with palliative care: a methodological assessment. 

South Tyneside MAAG Palliative Care Study Group. Palliat Med 1999;13(4 

):285-98. 

50. Curtis JR, Patrick DL, Engelberg RA, et al. A measure of the quality of dying and death. 

Initial validation using after-death interviews with family members. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;24(1):17-31. 

51. Patrick DL, Engelberg RA, Curtis JR. Evaluating the quality of dying and death. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2001;22 (3):717-26. 

52. Hodde NM, Engelberg RA, Treece PD, et al. Factors associated with nurse assessment of 

H2-20 
Appendix H2. VERSION 

TABLE H-2. Reliability and Validity Data for Measures Identified

the quality of dying and death in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 

2004;32(8):1648-53. 

53. Mularski R, Randall C, Osborne M, Engelberg R, Ganzini L. Agreement Among Family 

Members in Their Assessment of the Quality of Dying and Death. Journal of pain 

and symptom management. 2004;(In Press). 

54. Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM, Pasley PM, et al. A scale for measuring patient perceptions 

of the quality of end-of-life care and satisfaction with treatment: the reliability and 

validity of QUEST. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23(6):458-70. 

55. Steinhauser KE, Bosworth HB, Clipp EC, et al. Initial assessment of a new instrument to 

measure quality of life at the end of life. J Palliat Med 2002;5(6):829-41. 

56. Mystakidou K, Parpa E, Tsilika E, et al. The families evaluation on management, care 

and disclosure for terminal stage cancer patients. BMC Palliat Care 2002;1(1):3. 

57. Steel K, Ljunggren G, Topinkova E, et al. The RAI-PC: an assessment instrument for 

palliative care in all settings. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(3):211-9. 

58. Sherman AC, Simonton S, Adams DC, et al. Measuring religious faith in cancer patients: 

reliability and construct validity of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith 

questionnaire. Psycho-Oncology 2001;10(5):436-43. 

59. Higginson IJ, McCarthy M. Validity of the support team assessment schedule: do staffs'

ratings reflect those made by patients or their families? Palliat Med 

1993;7(3):219-28. 

60. Carson MG, Fitch MI, Vachon ML . Measuring patient outcomes in palliative care: a 

reliability and validity study of the Support Team Assessment Schedule. Palliat 

Med 2000;14(1):25-36. 

61. Sarna L, Brecht ML. Dimensions of symptom distress in women with advanced lung 

cancer: a factor analysis. Heart Lung 1997;26(1):23-30. 

62. Hoekstra J, Bindels PJ, van Duijn NP, et al. The symptom monitor. A diary for 

monitoring physical symptoms for cancer patients in palliative care: feasibility, 

reliability and compliance. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004;27(1):24-35. 

63. Teno JM, Clarridge B, Casey V, et al. Validation of Toolkit After-Death Bereaved 

Family Member Interview. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22(3):752-8. 

64. Fried TR, Bradley EH, Towle VR . Assessment of patient preferences: integrating 

treatments and outcomes. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2002;57(6):S348-54. 

H2-21 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-1 

"Do not attempt resuscitation" directives in the 

out-of-hospital setting. American College of Emergency 

Physicians. Ann Emerg Med 96;27(5):684. 

[Rec#: 40006] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

A statement of assumptions and principles concerning 

psychological care of dying persons and their families. 

Psychological Work Group of the International Work 

Group on Death, Dying, and Bereavement. J Palliat 

Care 93;9(3):29-32. [Rec#: 15492] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Aapro MS. Oral etoposide and palliative treatment for 

small-cell lung cancer. Lancet 96;348(9027):559. 

Comment on: Lancet. 1996 Aug 31;348(9027):563-6. 

PMID: 8774567. [Rec#: 30002] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Abang AM. Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for 

advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Health Syst 

Pharm 96;53(24):2980-4. [Rec#: 9007] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Abbott, K. H., Sago, J. G., Breen, C. M., Abernethy, A. P., 

and Tulsky, J. A. Families looking back: one year after 

discussion of withdrawal or withholding of 

life-sustaining support. Critical Care Medicine 

2001;29(1):197-201. [Rec#: 50165] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Abdulkader RC, Zanetta DM, Oliveira GM, and Burdmann 

EA. Risk factors for hospital death of patients with 

end-stage renal disease without previous diagnosis of 

severe chronic renal failure arriving in an emergency 

situation at the hospital. Ren Fail 2003;25(4):631-8. 

[Rec#: 40038] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Abel, J. Complementary therapy programme at St Luke's 

Hospice, Plymouth. Complementary Therapies in 

Nursing & Midwifery 2000;6(3):116-9. [Rec#: 50166] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Abrahm JL and Hansen-Flaschen J. Hospice care for patients 

with advanced lung disease. Chest 2002;121(1):220-9. 

Comment in: Chest. 2002 Jan;121(1):11-2. PMID: 

11796425. [Rec#: 9027] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Abrahm JL and Snyder L. Pain assessment and management. 

Prim Care 2001;28(2):269-97. [Rec#: 9028] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Abrahm JL, Cooley M, and Ricacho L. Efficacy of an 

educational bereavement program for families of 

veterans with cancer. J Cancer Educ 95;10(4):207-12. 

[Rec#: 9026] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Ackermann RJ. Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining 

treatment. Am Fam Physician 2000;62(7):1555-60, 

1562, 1564. Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 2001 Jan 

1;63(1):42, 44. PMID: 11195771. [Rec#: 9039] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Acres, J. C. Home mechanical ventilation for end-stage 

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (for all)? 

Canadian Respiratory Journal 2000;7(2):122. 

[Rec#: 50167] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Acton, G. J. and Kang, J. Interventions to reduce the burden 

of caregiving for an adult with dementia: a 

meta-analysis. Res Nurs Health 2001;24(5):349-60. 

[Rec#: 50111] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Acton, G. J. and Winter, M. A. Interventions for family 

members caring for an elder with dementia. Annu Rev 

Nurs Res 2002;20:149-79. [Rec#: 50112] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Addington-Hall J and McPherson C. After-death interviews 

with surrogates/bereaved family members: some issues 

of validity. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;22(3):784-90. [Rec#: 9058] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Addington-Hall JM, MacDonald LD, and Anderson HR. Can 

the Spitzer Quality of Life Index help to reduce 

prognostic uncertainty in terminal care? Br J Cancer 

90;62(4):695-9. [Rec#: 51] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Adelbratt S and Strang P. Death anxiety in brain tumour 

patients and their spouses. Palliat Med 

2000;14(6):499-507. [Rec#: 54] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Adelstein W and Burton S. Palliative care in the acute 

hospital setting. J Neurosci Nurs 98;30(3):200-4. 

[Rec#: 55] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Adolfsson J. Health-related quality-of-life assessments in 

patients with advanced cancer of the prostate. 

Pharmacoeconomics 2003;21(4):241-7. [Rec#: 9070] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Adriaansen MJ and van Achterberg T. A test instrument for 

palliative care. Int J Nurs Stud 2004;41(1):107-17. 

[Rec#: 9072] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-2 

Advocate's disease management program reduces 

readmissions for CHF and asthma. Perform Improv 

Advis 2003;7(3):44-7. [Rec#: 50000] 

In abstract review process 

Afzal A, Ananthasubramaniam K, Sharma N, al-Malki Q, Ali 

AS, Jacobsen G, and Jafri SM. Racial differences in 

patients with heart failure. Clin Cardiol 

99;22(12):791-4. [Rec#: 50001] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Agarwal, R. and Shaw, P. Pleurodesis for malignant 

effusions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 

2003;3. [Rec#: 50170] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Agra Y and Badia X. Spanish version of the Rotterdam 

Symptom Check List: cross-cultural adaptation and 

preliminary validity in a sample of terminal cancer 

patients. Psychooncology 98;7(3):229-39. [Rec#: 66] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Agra Y, Sacristan A, Gonzalez M, Ferrari M, Portugues A, 

and Calvo MJ. Efficacy of senna versus lactulose in 

terminal cancer patients treated with opioids. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 98;15(1):1-7. [Rec#: 67] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Agraharkar M, Barclay C, and Agraharkar A. Staff-assisted 

home hemodialysis in debilitated or terminally ill 

patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2002;33(1):139-44. 

[Rec#: 68] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Agrawal M and Danis M. End-of-life care for terminally ill 

participants in clinical research. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(5):729-37. Comment in: J Palliat Med. 2002 

Oct;5(5):661-5. PMID: 12572963. [Rec#: 9077] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Ahmed, N., Ahmedzai, S., Vora, V., Hillam, S., and Paz, S. 

Supportive care for patients with gastrointestinal cancer. 

Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews 2003;3. 

[Rec#: 50171] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ahmedzai S. Measuring quality of life in hospice care. 

Oncology (Huntingt) 90;4(5):115-9; discussion 129. 

[Rec#: 9083] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ajemian, I. Palliative management of dyspnea. Journal of 

Palliative Care 91;7(3):44-5. [Rec#: 50172] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Akosah KO, Schaper AM, Havlik P, Barnhart S, and Devine 

S. Improving care for patients with chronic heart failure 

in the community: the importance of a disease 

management program. Chest 2002;122(3):906-12. 

Comment in: Chest. 2003 May;123(5):1770; author 

reply 1770-1. PMID: 12740302. [Rec#: 50002] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Albert NM, Davis M, and Young J. Improving the care of 

patients dying of heart failure. Cleve Clin J Med 

2002;69(4):321-8. [Rec#: 9097] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Albert SM, Costa R, Merchant C, Small S, Jenders RA, and 

Stern Y. Hospitalization and Alzheimer's disease: 

results from a community-based study. J Gerontol A 

Biol Sci Med Sci 99;54(5):M267-71. [Rec#: 101] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Albert SM, Murphy PL, Del Bene M, Rowland LP, and 

Mitsumoto H. Incidence and predictors of PEG 

placement in ALS/MND. J Neurol Sci 

2001;191(1-2):115-9. [Rec#: 102] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Albinsson L and Strang P. A palliative approach to 

existential issues and death in end-stage dementia care. 

J Palliat Care 2002;18(3):168-74. [Rec#: 108] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Albinsson L and Strang P. Differences in supporting families 

of dementia patients and cancer patients: a palliative 

perspective. Palliat Med 2003;17(4):359-67. 

[Rec#: 9099] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Albinsson L and Strang P. Existential concerns of families of 

late-stage dementia patients: questions of freedom, 

choices, isolation, death, and meaning. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(2):225-35. [Rec#: 107] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Aldred MJ, Addy M, Bagg J, and Finlay I. Oral health in the 

terminally ill: a cross-sectional pilot survey. Spec Care 

Dentist 91;11(2):59-62. [Rec#: 9103] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Algozino B. Palliative management of dehydration in 

patients receiving hospice care at home. Oncol Nurs 

Forum 96;23(1):119. [Rec#: 9114] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Allard, P., Maunsell, E., Labbe, J., and Dorval, M. 

Educational interventions to improve cancer pain 

control: a systematic review. J Palliat Med 

2001;4(2):191-203. [Rec#: 50113] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-3 

Allen RS and Shuster JL Jr. The role of proxies in treatment 

decisions: evaluating functional capacity to consent to 

end-of-life treatments within a family context. Behav 

Sci Law 2002;20(3):235-52. [Rec#: 9123] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Alter CL. Palliative and supportive care of patients with 

pancreatic cancer. Semin Oncol 96;23(2):229-40. 

[Rec#: 9131] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Ambuel, B. Conducting a family conference. Principles and 

Practices of Supportive Oncology Updates 99;3(3):1-12. 

[Rec#: 50175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Peaceful 

Death: Recommended Competencies and Curricular 

Guidelines for End-of-Life Nursing Care. 2002;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50176] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Designing an 

Agenda for Nursing Profession on End-of-Life Care. 

Report of the Nursing Leadership Consortium on 

End-of-Life Care. 1999;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50177] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American Board of Internal Medicine Committee on 

Evaluation of Clinical Competence. Caring for the 

Dying: Identification and Promotion of Physician 

Competency. 1998;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50178] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American College of Physicians--American Society of 

Internal Medicine End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel. 

Ethics manual. Fourth edition. Annals of Internal 

Medicine 98;128(7):576-94. [Rec#: 50179] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American College of Surgeons. Statement on principles 

guiding care at the end of life. Journal of the American 

College of Surgeons 2002;194(5):664. [Rec#: 50180] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American Geriatric Society Panel on Persistent Pain in Older 

Persons. The management of persistent pain in older 

persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

2002;50(6 Suppl):S205-24. [Rec#: 50181] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American Geriatrics Society Ethics Committee. The care of 

dying patients: a position statement from the American 

Geriatrics Society. Journal of the American Geriatrics 

Society 94;43(5):577-578. [Rec#: 50182] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American Medical Association CoEaJA. Elements of Quality 

Care for Patients in the Last Phase of Life. 2003;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50183] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American Medical Directors Association. White Paper on 

Hospice in Long-term Care. 2000;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50184] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American Society of Clinical Oncology End of Life Task 

Force. Cancer care during the last phase of life. Journal 

of Clinical Oncology 98;16:1986-1996. [Rec#: 50186] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

American Thoracic Society. Dyspna mechanisms, 

assessment, and management: a consensus statement. 

American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care 

Medicine 99;159:321-340. [Rec#: 50187] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Anandarajah G and Hight E. Spirituality and medical 

practice: using the HOPE questions as a practical tool 

for spiritual assessment. Am Fam Physician 

2001;63(1):81-9. Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 

2001 Aug 1;64(3):373-4; author reply 380, 383-4, 386. 

PMID: 11515827. Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 

2001 Aug 1;64(3):376, 379; author reply 380, 383-4, 

386. PMID: 11515829. [Rec#: 9149] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Andersen BL. Psychological interventions for cancer patients 

to enhance the quality of life. J Consult Clin Psychol 

92;60(4):552-68. [Rec#: 9151] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Andersen BL. Quality of life for women with gynecologic 

cancer. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 95;7(1):69-76. 

[Rec#: 9152] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Andershed B and Ternestedt BM. Development of a 

theoretical framework describing relatives' involvement 

in palliative care. J Adv Nurs 2001;34(4):554-62. 

[Rec#: 9155] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Andershed B and Ternestedt BM. Involvement of relatives in 

care of the dying in different care cultures: development 

of a theoretical understanding. Nurs Sci Q 

99;12(1):45-51. [Rec#: 175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Andershed B and Ternestedt BM. Involvement of relatives in 

the care of the dying in different care cultures: 

involvement in the dark or in the light? Cancer Nurs 

98;21(2):106-16. [Rec#: 176] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Andershed B and Ternestedt BM. Patterns of care for 

patients with cancer before and after the establishment 

of a hospice ward. Scand J Caring Sci 97;11(1):42-50. 

[Rec#: 177] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-4 

Anderson B. Quality of life in progressive ovarian cancer. 

Gynecol Oncol 94;55(3 Pt 2):S151-5. [Rec#: 9157] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Anderson BJ. Withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from 

minimally conscious patients: who decides? J Med 

Pract Manage 2002;18(2):101-3. [Rec#: 40095] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Anderson F, Downing GM, Hill J, Casorso L, and Lerch N. 

Palliative performance scale (PPS): a new tool. J Palliat 

Care 96;12(1):5-11. [Rec#: 9162] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Anderson, H. Spiritual care: the power of an adjective. 

Journal of Pastoral Care 2001;55(3):233-7. 

[Rec#: 50188] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Anderson, H., Card, C., Eardley, A., Gomm, S. A., Connolly, 

M., Coppinger, T., Corgie, D., Williams, J. L., and 

Makin, W. P. The concerns of patients under palliative 

care and a heart failure clinic are not being met. 

Palliative Medicine 2001;15:279-286. [Rec#: 50189] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Andresen J. Cultural competence and health care: Japanese, 

Korean, and Indian patients in the United States. J Cult 

Divers 2001;8(4):109-21. [Rec#: 9169] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Andrewes T. The management of breathlessness in palliative 

care. Nurs Stand 2002;17(5):43-52; quiz 54-5. 

[Rec#: 194] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Annas GJ. Informed consent, cancer, and truth in prognosis. 

N Engl J Med 94;330(3):223-5. Comment in: N Engl J 

Med. 1994 Sep 22;331(12):810; author reply 811-2. 

PMID: 8065418. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1994 Sep 

22;331(12):811. PMID: 8065419. Comment in: N Engl 

J Med. 1994 Sep 22;331(12):811. PMID: 8065420. 

Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1994. [Rec#: 203] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Appleton M. Hospice and skilled nursing facilities. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(3):11-2. Comment in: Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care. 1996 Nov-Dec;13(6):3. PMID: 

8945092. [Rec#: 9191] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Approaching death: improving care at the end of life--a 

report of the Institute of Medicine. Health Serv Res 

98;33(1):1-3. [Rec#: 9193] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Aranda S and Peerson A. Caregiving in advanced cancer: lay 

decision making. J Palliat Care 2001;17(4):270-6. 

[Rec#: 220] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Aranda S, Hayman-White K, Devilee L, O'Connor M, and 

Bence G. Inpatient hospice triage of 'after-hours' calls to 

a community palliative care service. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2001;7(5):214-20. [Rec#: 9195] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Aranda SK and Kelso J. The nurse as coach in care of the 

dying. Contemp Nurse 97;6(3-4):117-22. [Rec#: 222] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Arbour R. Sedation and pain management in critically ill 

adults. Crit Care Nurse 2000;20(5):39-56; quiz 57-8. 

Comment in: Crit Care Nurse. 2001 Jun;21(3):19-20. 

PMID: 11858672. [Rec#: 40123] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Archer KC and Boyle DP. Toward a measure of caregiver 

satisfaction with hospice social services. Hosp J 

99;14(2):1-15. [Rec#: 226] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Archibald G. The needs of South Asians with a terminal 

illness. Prof Nurse 2000;15(5):316-9. [Rec#: 9207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Arenson CA, Novielli KD, Chambers CV, and Perkel RL. 

The importance of advance directives in primary care. 

Prim Care 96;23(1):67-82. [Rec#: 9211] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Argent, J., Faulkner, A., Jones, A., and O'Keeffe, C. 

Communication skills in palliative care: development 

and modification of a rating scale. Medical Education 

94;28(6):559-65. [Rec#: 50190] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Aristides M and Shiell A. The effects on hospital use and 

costs of a domiciliary palliative care nursing service. 

Aust Health Rev 93;16(4):405-13. [Rec#: 230] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Armes PJ and Addington-Hall JM. Perspectives on symptom 

control in patients receiving community palliative care. 

Palliat Med 2003;17(7):608-15. [Rec#: 9214] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Armstrong J and Holland J. Surviving the stresses of clinical 

oncology by improving communication. Oncology 

(Huntingt) 2004;18(3):363-8; discussion 373-5. 

[Rec#: 232] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Armstrong J. Advances in radiation technology can improve 

survival and quality of life for cancer patients. Ir J Med 

Sci 2001;170(1):63-8. [Rec#: 30198] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-5 

Arnaud JP, Schloegel M, Ollier JC, and Adloff M. Colorectal 

cancer in patients over 80 years of age. Dis Colon 

Rectum 91;34(10):896-8. [Rec#: 233] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Arnold J. Rethinking grief: nursing implications for health 

promotion. Home Healthc Nurse 96;14(10):777-83; 

quiz 784-5. [Rec#: 235] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Asai A, Fukuhara S, and Lo B. Attitudes of Japanese and 

Japanese-American physicians towards life-sustaining 

treatment. Lancet 95;346(8971):356-9. Comment in: 

Lancet. 1995 Aug 5;346(8971):327-8. PMID: 7623528. 

Comment in: Lancet. 1995 Oct 7;346(8980):970-1. 

PMID: 7564756. Comment in: Lancet. 1995 Oct 

7;346(8980):971. PMID: 7564757. [Rec#: 239] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Asch, D. A., Hansen-Flaschen, J., and Lanken, P. N. 

Decisions to limit or continue life-sustaining treatment 

by critical care physicians in the United States: conflicts 

between physicians' practices and patients' wishes. 

American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care 

Medicine 95;151(2 Pt 1):288-92. [Rec#: 50191] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ashby L and Shepherd B. The nurse's role in the withdrawal 

of medical treatment. Adv Clin Care 90;5(5):35-6. 

[Rec#: 9245] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ashby M and Jackson K. Opioids in palliative care: 

emerging clinical trends. Intern Med J 

2003;33(7):265-6. [Rec#: 9246] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ashby M and Wakefield M. Attitudes to some aspects of 

death and dying, living wills and substituted health care 

decision-making in South Australia: public opinion 

survey for a parliamentary select committee. Palliat 

Med 93;7(4):273-82. [Rec#: 247] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ashby MA, Kissane DW, Beadle GF, and Rodger A. 

Psychosocial support, treatment of metastatic disease 

and palliative care. Med J Aust 96;164(1):43-9. 

Comment in: Med J Aust. 1996 Jun 17;164(12):759-60. 

PMID: 8668095. [Rec#: 9248] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ashby ME and Dowding C. Hospice care and patients' pain: 

communication between patients, relatives, nurses and 

doctors. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(2):58-67. 

[Rec#: 9249] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Aspinal F, Addington-Hall J, Hughes R, and Higginson IJ. 

Using satisfaction to measure the quality of palliative 

care: a review of the literature. J Adv Nurs 

2003;42(4):324-39. Comment in: J Adv Nurs. 2003 

Sep;43(5):531-2. PMID: 12919271. Comment in: J Adv 

Nurs. 2003 Sep;43(5):532-3. PMID: 12919272. 

Comment in: J Adv Nurs. 2003 Sep;43(5):533-4. PMID: 

12919273. [Rec#: 9252] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Astin, J. A., Shapiro, S. L., Eisenberg, D. M., and Forys, K. 

L. Mind-body medicine: state of the science, 

implications for practice. J Am Board Fam Pract 

2003;16(2):131-47. [Rec#: 50114] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Astrow, A. B., Puchalski, C. M., and Sulmasy, D. P. 

Religion, spirituality, and health care: social, ethical, 

and practical considerations. American Journal of 

Medicine 2001;110(4):283-7. [Rec#: 50192] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Astudillo W, Mendinueta C, Astudillo E, Munoz A, and 

Horcajada JP. How can relations be improved between 

the family and the support team during the care of 

terminally ill patients? Support Care Cancer 

95;3(1):72-7. [Rec#: 9256] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Aszalos R and Richardson JP. Hydration and alimentation in 

terminal patients: a hospice approach. Md Med J 

95;44(3):221-2. [Rec#: 9257] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Athlin E, Furaker C, Jansson L, and Norberg A. Application 

of primary nursing within a team setting in the hospice 

care of cancer patients. Cancer Nurs 93;16(5):388-97. 

[Rec#: 256] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Atkinson K. Informing older patients of a terminal illness. 

Prof Nurse 2000;15(5):343-6; quiz 341-2. [Rec#: 258] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Auchter RM, Scholtens D, Adak S, Wagner H, Cella DF, and 

Mehta MP. Quality of life assessment in advanced 

non-small-cell lung cancer patients undergoing an 

accelerated radiotherapy regimen: report of ECOG 

study 4593. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Int J 

Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;50(5):1199-206. 

[Rec#: 30248] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Auret K, Bulsara C, and Joske D. Australasian haematologist 

referral patterns to palliative care: lack of consensus on 

when and why. Intern Med J 2003;33(12):566-71. 

[Rec#: 263] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-6 

Aus G, Hugosson J, and Norlen L. Long-term survival and 

mortality in prostate cancer treated with noncurative 

intent. J Urol 95;154(2 Pt 1):460-5. Comment in: J 

Urol. 1996 Jan;155(1):296-8. PMID: 7490872. 

Comment in: J Urol. 1996 Jun;155(6):2039; author 

reply 2039-41. PMID: 8618328. Comment in: J Urol. 

1996 Jun;155(6):2039; author reply 2039-41. PMID: 

8618329. [Rec#: 266] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Aus G, Hugosson J, and Norlen L. Need for hospital care and 

palliative treatment for prostate cancer treated with 

noncurative intent. J Urol 95;154(2 Pt 1):466-9. 

[Rec#: 267] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ausband SC, March JA, and Brown LH. National prevalence 

of palliative care protocols in emergency medical 

services. Prehosp Emerg Care 2002;6(1):36-41. 

[Rec#: 9266] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Austin B and Melbourne P. Hospices services for the 

terminal Alzheimer's patient. Caring 90;9(11):60-2. 

[Rec#: 268] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Austin L, Luker K, Caress A, and Hallett C. Palliative care: 

community nurses' perceptions of quality. Qual Health 

Care 2000;9(3):151-8. [Rec#: 9267] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Avis M, Jackson JG, Cox K, and Miskella C. Evaluation of a 

project providing community palliative care support to 

nursing homes. Health Soc Care Community 

99;7(1):32-38. [Rec#: 272] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Axelsson B and Christensen SB. Medical care utilization by 

incurable cancer patients in a Swedish county. Eur J 

Surg Oncol 97;23(2):145-50. [Rec#: 276] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Axelsson B and Christensen SB. Place of death correlated to 

sociodemographic factors. A study of 203 patients dying 

of cancer in a rural Swedish county in 1990. Palliat 

Med 96;10(4):329-35. [Rec#: 277] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Ayers E, Harrold J, and Lynn J. A good death: improving 

care inch-by-inch. Bioethics Forum 97;13(1):38-40. 

[Rec#: 280] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Azevedo A, Pimenta J, Dias P, Bettencourt P, Ferreira A, and 

Cerqueira-Gomes M. Effect of a heart failure clinic on 

survival and hospital readmission in patients discharged 

from acute hospital care. Eur J Heart Fail 

2002;4(3):353-9. [Rec#: 30268] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Azoulay E and Pochard F. Communication with family 

members of patients dying in the intensive care unit. 

Curr Opin Crit Care 2003;9(6):545-50. [Rec#: 9282] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Babar M and ul Haq SM. Self-esteem in a palliative care 

population. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2000;17(5):327-32. 

[Rec#: 9284] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Babayan ZV, McNamara RL, Nagajothi N, Kasper EK, 

Armenian HK, Powe NR, Baughman KL, and Lima JA. 

Predictors of cause-specific hospital readmission in 

patients with heart failure. Clin Cardiol 

2003;26(9):411-8. [Rec#: 50003] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bachmann P, Marti-Massoud C, Blanc-Vincent MP, Desport 

JC, Colomb V, Dieu L, Kere D, Melchior JC, Nitenberg 

G, Raynard B, Roux-Bournay P, Schneider S, Senesse 

P, and FNCLCC. Summary version of the Standards, 

Options and Recommendations for palliative or terminal 

nutrition in adults with progressive cancer (2001). Br J 

Cancer 2003;89 Suppl 1:S107-10. [Rec#: 291] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Back AL, Arnold RM, and Quill TE. Hope for the best, and 

prepare for the worst. Ann Intern Med 

2003;138(5):439-43. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 

2003 Nov 4;139(9):791-2. PMID: 14597469. 

[Rec#: 292] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Back, A. L., Arnold, R. M., Tulsky, J. A., Baile, W. F., and 

Fryer-Edwards, K. A. Teaching communication skills to 

medical oncology fellows. Journal of Clinical 

Oncology 2003;21(12):2433-6. [Rec#: 50194] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baggs JG and Mick DJ. Collaboration: a tool addressing 

ethical issues for elderly patients near the end of life in 

intensive care units. J Gerontol Nurs 2000;26(9):41-7. 

[Rec#: 299] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baggs JG and Schmitt MH. End-of-life decisions in adult 

intensive care: current research base 158 and directions 

for the future. Nurs Outlook 2000;48(4):158-64. 

[Rec#: 300] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baggs JG. End-of-life care for older adults in ICUs. Annu 

Rev Nurs Res 2002;20:181-229. [Rec#: 298] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Baggs, J. G. and Ryan, S. A. ICU nurse-physician 

collaboration & nursing satisfaction. Nursing 

Economics 90;8(6):386-92. [Rec#: 50197] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-7 

Baggs, J. G. and Schmitt, M. H. Collaboration between 

nurses and physicians. Image - the Journal of Nursing 

Scholarship 88;20(3):145-9. [Rec#: 50198] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baggs, J. G. and Schmitt, M. H. Intensive care decisions 

about level of aggressiveness of care. Research in 

Nursing & Health 95;18(4):345-55. [Rec#: 50199] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Baggs, J. G. and Schmitt, M. H. Nurses' and resident 

physicians' perceptions of the process of collaboration 

in an MICU. Research in Nursing & Health 

97;20(1):71-80. [Rec#: 50200] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Baggs, J. G. Intensive care unit use and collaboration 

between nurses and physicians. Heart & Lung: Journal 

of Acute & Critical Care 89;18(4):332-8. [Rec#: 50195] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Baggs, J. G. Women in the intensive care unit. American 

Journal of Critical Care 99;8(4):207-9. [Rec#: 50196] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baggs, J. G., Schmitt, M. H., Mushlin, A. I., Eldredge, D. H., 

Oakes, D., and Hutson, A. D. Nurse-physician 

collaboration and satisfaction with the decision-making 

process in three critical care units. American Journal of 

Critical Care 97;6(5):393-9. [Rec#: 50201] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Baggs, J. G., Schmitt, M. H., Mushlin, A. I., Mitchell, P. H., 

Eldredge, D. H., Oakes, D., and Hutson, A. D. 

Association between nurse-physician collaboration and 

patient outcomes in three intensive care units. Critical 

Care Medicine 99;27(9):1991-8. [Rec#: 50202] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Baider, L., Russak, S. M., Perry, S., Kash, K., Gronert, M., 

Fox, B., Holland, J., and Kaplan-Denour, A. The role of 

religious and spiritual beliefs in coping with malignant 

melanoma: an Israeli sample. Psycho-Oncology 

99;8(1):27-35. [Rec#: 50203] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Baile WF, Lenzi R, Parker PA, Buckman R, and Cohen L. 

Oncologists' attitudes toward and practices in giving bad 

news: an exploratory study. J Clin Oncol 

2002;20(8):2189-96. [Rec#: 9303] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Baile, W. F., Lenzi, R., Kudelka, A. P., Maguire, P., Novack, 

D., Goldstein, M., Myers, E. G., and Bast, R. C. Jr. 

Improving physician-patient communication in cancer 

care: outcome of a workshop for oncologists. Journal of 

Cancer Education 97;12(3):166-73. [Rec#: 50204] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bailey CM and Gilbert JM. Avoiding inappropriate surgery 

for secondary rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 

2002;28(3):220-4. [Rec#: 303] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bain KT, Weschules DJ, Knowlton CH, and Gallagher R. 

Toward evidence-based prescribing at end of life: a 

comparative review of temazepam and zolpidem for the 

treatment of insomnia. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(5):382-8. [Rec#: 9308] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Baker A, Bowring L, Brignell A, and Kafford D. Chronic 

pain management in cognitively impaired patients: a 

preliminary research project. Perspectives 96;20(2):4-8. 

[Rec#: 315] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baker DW, Einstadter D, Husak SS, and Cebul RD. Trends 

in postdischarge mortality and readmissions: has length 

of stay declined too far? Arch Intern Med 

2004;164(5):538-44. [Rec#: 50004] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baker DW, Fitzgerald D, and Moore CL. Quality of care for 

Medicare patients hospitalized with heart failure in rural 

Georgia. South Med J 99;92(8):782-9. [Rec#: 30292] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Baker ME. Economic, political and ethnic influences on 

end-of-life decision-making: a decade in review. J 

Health Soc Policy 2002;14(3):27-39. [Rec#: 321] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Bakkevold KE and Kambestad B. Palliation of pancreatic 

cancer. A prospective multicentre study. Eur J Surg 

Oncol 95;21(2):176-82. [Rec#: 328] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baldry C and Balmer S. An audit of out-of-hours advice 

services provided by hospice staff. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2000;6(7):352-6. [Rec#: 9324] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ballantyne, J. C., Carr, D. B., Berkey, C. S., Chalmers, T. C., 

and Mosteller, F. Comparative efficacy of epidural, 

subarachnoid, and intracerebroventricular opioids in 

patients with pain due to cancer. Reg Anesth 

96;21(6):542-56. [Rec#: 50115] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Ballinger AB, McHugh M, Catnach SM, Alstead EM, and 

Clark ML. Symptom relief and quality of life after 

stenting for malignant bile duct obstruction. Gut 

94;35(4):467-70. [Rec#: 350] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-8 

Balsano AE and Cella PM. The changing role of hospice and 

its fit in an integrated delivery system. Hosp Technol 

Ser 96;15(8 Spec No):1-28. [Rec#: 9331] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Banaszak-Holl J and Mor V. Differences in patient 

demographics and expenditures among Medicare 

hospice providers. Hosp J 96;11(3):1-19. Erratum in: 

Hosp J 1996;11(4):97. [Rec#: 354] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Barber MD, Fearon KC, Delmore G, and Loprinzi CL. 

Should cancer patients with incurable disease receive 

parenteral or enteral nutritional support? Eur J Cancer 

98;34(3):279-85. [Rec#: 9340] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Barclay S, Todd C, McCabe J, and Hunt T. Primary care 

group commissioning of services: the differing priorities 

of general practitioners and district nurses for palliative 

care services. Br J Gen Pract 99;49(440):181-6. 

Comment in: Br J Gen Pract. 1999 Jul;49(444):576. 

PMID: 10621997. [Rec#: 9341] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Barclay S, Wyatt P, Shore S, Finlay I, Grande G, and Todd 

C. Caring for the dying: how well prepared are general 

practitioners? A questionnaire study in Wales. Palliat 

Med 2003;17(1):27-39. Comment in: Palliat Med. 2003 

Oct;17(7):646-7. PMID: 14594161. [Rec#: 364] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Barker G, Loftus L, Cuddy P, and Barker B. The effects of 

sucralfate suspension and diphenhydramine syrup plus 

kaolin-pectin on radiotherapy-induced mucositis. Oral 

Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 91;71(3):288-93. 

[Rec#: 369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Barker L. Effective leadership within hospice and specialist 

palliative care units. J Manag Med 

2000;14(5-6):291-309. [Rec#: 9342] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Barnato AE, McClellan MB, Kagay CR, and Garber AM. 

Trends in inpatient treatment intensity among Medicare 

beneficiaries at the end of life. Health Serv Res 

2004;39(2):363-75. [Rec#: 374] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Barnes EA and Bruera E. Fatigue in patients with advanced 

cancer: a review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 

2002;12(5):424-8. [Rec#: 9352] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Barnes EA, DeBoer G, and Chow E. Symptom control and 

palliative care content of abstracts presented at the 

Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists annual 

meetings. Support Care Cancer 2004;12(2):91-4. 

[Rec#: 375] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Barnes EA, Hanson J, Neumann CM, Nekolaichuk CL, and 

Bruera E. Communication between primary care 

physicians and radiation oncologists regarding patients 

with cancer treated with palliative radiotherapy. J Clin 

Oncol 2000;18(15):2902-7. [Rec#: 376] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Barnes R, Barrett C, Weintraub S, Holowacz G, Chan M, and 

LeBlanc E. Hospital response to psychosocial needs of 

AIDS inpatients. J Palliat Care 93;9(2):22-8. 

[Rec#: 377] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Barnes, E. A., Palmer, J. L., and Bruera, E. Prevalence of 

symptom control and palliative care abstracts presented 

at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for 

Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. International 

Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 

2002;54(1):211-4. [Rec#: 50205] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Barr A. Care of a patient with breathing difficulties. Br J 

Nurs 92;1(13):660-5. [Rec#: 382] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Barr H and Krasner N. Prospective quality-of-life analysis 

after palliative photoablation for the treatment of 

malignant dysphagia. Cancer 91;68(7):1660-4. 

[Rec#: 383] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Barreto P, Bayes R, Comas MD, Martinez E, Pascual A, 

Roca J, Gomez-Batiste X, and Garcia-Conde J. 

Assessment of the perception and worries [corrected] in 

terminally ill patients in Spain. J Palliat Care 

96;12(2):43-6. Erratum in: J Palliat Care 1996 

Autumn;12(3):50. [Rec#: 388] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Barrett JJ, Haley WE, and Powers RE. Alzheimer's disease 

patients and their caregivers: medical care issues for the 

primary care physician. South Med J 96;89(1):1-9. 

[Rec#: 50005] 

In abstract review process 

Barroso P, Osuna E, and Luna A. Doctors' death experience 

and attitudes towards death, euthanasia and informing 

terminal patients. Med Law 92;11(7-8):527-33. 

[Rec#: 392] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-9 

Barry B and Henderson A. Nature of decision-making in the 

terminally ill patient. Cancer Nurs 96;19(5):384-91. 

[Rec#: 393] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Barsevik, A., Sweeney, C., Haney, E., and Chung, E. A 

systemic qualitative analysis of psychoeducational 

interventions for depression in patients with cancer. 

Oncology Nursing Forum 2002;29:73-87. 

[Rec#: 50206] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Barta K and Neighbors M. Nurses' knowledge of--and role 

in--patients' end-of-life decision-making. Trends Health 

Care Law Ethics 93;8(4):50-2. [Rec#: 396] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Baruch JM. Informed consent and advance directives. J Am 

Podiatr Med Assoc 2004;94(2):198-205. [Rec#: 405] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bassett C and McSherry R. Quality assurance and the 

palliative care team. Nurs Stand 96;10(23):45-7. 

[Rec#: 9391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Basta LL. Proper planning for end-of-life medical care; 

confronting the near irrelevance of currently used living 

wills. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 2003;12(2):110-2. 

[Rec#: 421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bates, D. W., Tolle, S. W., and Elliot, D. L. Subspecialty 

differences in responding to patient death--comparing 

cardiologists with oncologists. Western Journal of 

Medicine 88;148(4):471-3. [Rec#: 50207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bates, M. S., Rankin-Hill, L., and Sanchez-Ayendez, M. The 

effects of the cultural context of health care on 

treatment of and response to chronic pain and illness. 

Social Science & Medicine 97;45(9):1433-47. 

[Rec#: 50208] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Batikas Whedon M and Meyer LP. Metastatic pancreatic 

cancer: meeting palliative care needs. Cancer Pract 

2001;9(4):164-8. [Rec#: 430] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Baumrucker SJ. Differential advantage and hospice care. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2004;21(1):11-2. [Rec#: 436] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baumrucker SJ. Spirituality in hospice and palliative care. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(2):90-2. Comment on: 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2003 Mar-Apr;20(2):135-9. 

PMID: 12693646. [Rec#: 438] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Baumrucker SJ. The Palliative Care Quality of Life 

Instrument (PQLI): a new tool for measuring quality of 

life. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2004;21(2):87-9. 

[Rec#: 437] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Bauwens S, Distelmans W, Storme G, and Kaufman L. 

Attitudes and knowledge about cancer pain in Flanders. 

The educational effect of workshops regarding pain and 

symptom control. Palliat Med 2001;15(3):181-9. 

[Rec#: 9416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bayer DL. Women approaching death. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 93;10(3):28-32. [Rec#: 9419] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Beach MC and Morrison RS. The effect of do-not-resuscitate 

orders on physician decision-making. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2002;50(12):2057-61. [Rec#: 442] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Becker JE. Oncology social workers' attitudes toward 

hospice care and referral behavior. Health Soc Work 

2004;29(1):36-45. [Rec#: 453] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Beck-Friis B and Strang P. The organization of 

hospital-based home care for terminally ill cancer 

patients: the Motala model. Palliat Med 93;7(2):93-100. 

[Rec#: 448] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Beck-Friis B, Strang P, and Sjoden PO. Caring for severely 

ill cancer patients. A comparison of working conditions 

in hospital-based home care and in hospital. Support 

Care Cancer 93;1(3):145-51. [Rec#: 9437] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Becvar DS. The impact on the family therapist of a focus on 

death, dying, and bereavement. J Marital Fam Ther 

2003;29(4):469-77. [Rec#: 9446] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bedard J, Dionne A, and Dionne L. The experience of La 

Maison Michel Sarrazin (1985-1990): profile analysis of 

952 terminal-phase cancer patients. J Palliat Care 

91;7(1):42-53. [Rec#: 458] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Beddar SA, Holden-Bennett L, and McCormick AM. 

Development and evaluation of a protocol to manage 

fecal incontinence in the patient with cancer. J Palliat 

Care 97;13(2):27-38. [Rec#: 459] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-10 

Bedford S, Melzer D, and Guralnik J. Problem behavior in 

the last year of life: prevalence, risks, and care receipt in 

older Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(5):590-5. 

[Rec#: 40233] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Beel, A., McClement, S. E., and Harlos, M. Palliative 

sedation therapy: a review of definitions and usage. 

International Journal of Palliative Nursing 

2002;8(4):190-9. [Rec#: 50209] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Belasco JB, Danz P, Drill A, Schmid W, and Burkey E. 

Supportive care: palliative care in children, adolescents, 

and young adults--model of care, interventions, and cost 

of care: a retrospective review. J Palliat Care 

2000;16(4):39-46. [Rec#: 474] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Benditt JO, Smith TS, and Tonelli MR. Empowering the 

individual with ALS at the end-of-life: disease-specific 

advance care planning. Muscle Nerve 

2001;24(12):1706-9. Comment in: Muscle Nerve. 2002 

Jun;25(6):923. PMID: 12115987. [Rec#: 9474] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Benditt JO. Noninvasive ventilation at the end of life. Respir 

Care 2000;45(11):1376-81; discussion 1381-4. 

[Rec#: 481] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Benedetti, C., Brock, C., Cleeland, C., Coyle, N., Dube, J. E., 

Ferrell, B., Hassenbusch, S. 3rd, Janjan, N. A., Lema, 

M. J., Levy, M. H., Loscalzo, M. J., Lynch, M., Muir, 

C., Oakes, L., O'Neill, A., Payne, R., Syrjala, K. L., 

Urba, S., Weinstein, S. M., and National 

Comprehensive Cancer, Network. NCCN Practice 

Guidelines for Cancer Pain. Oncology (Huntington) 

2000;14(11A):135-50. [Rec#: 50211] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Benett IJ and Danczak AF. Terminal care: improving 

teamwork in primary care using Significant Event 

Analysis. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 94;3(2):54-7. 

[Rec#: 9477] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Benko I, Molnar TF, and Horvath OP. Palliative treatment of 

malignant pleural effusions by video-assisted 

thoracoscopic surgery. Acta Chir Hung 99;38(2):131-3. 

[Rec#: 30404] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bennett M and Corcoran G. The impact on community 

palliative care services of a hospital palliative care team. 

Palliat Med 94;8(3):237-44. [Rec#: 9484] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bennett SJ, Huster GA, Baker SL, Milgrom LB, 

Kirchgassner A, Birt J, and Pressler ML. 

Characterization of the precipitants of hospitalization 

for heart failure decompensation. Am J Crit Care 

98;7(3):168-74. [Rec#: 30408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bennett SJ, Oldridge NB, Eckert GJ, Embree JL, Browning 

S, Hou N, Chui M, Deer M, and Murray MD. 

Comparison of quality of life measures in heart failure. 

Nurs Res 2003;52(4):207-16. [Rec#: 30410] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ben-Zacharia, A. B. and Lublin, F. D. Palliative care in 

patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurologic Clinics 

2001;19(4):801-27. [Rec#: 50210] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Benzein E and Berg A. The Swedish version of Herth Hope 

Index--an instrument for palliative care. Scand J Caring 

Sci 2003;17(4):409-15. [Rec#: 496] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Benzein E and Saveman BI. Nurses' perception of hope in 

patients with cancer: a palliative care perspective. 

Cancer Nurs 98;21(1):10-6. [Rec#: 497] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Benzein E, Norberg A, and Saveman BI. The meaning of the 

lived experience of hope in patients with cancer in 

palliative home care. Palliat Med 2001;15(2):117-26. 

[Rec#: 9491] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Berardo DH and Berardo FM. Quality of life across age and 

family stage. J Palliat Care 92;8(3):52-5. [Rec#: 498] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Berenthal JA. A welcome break for carers? The role of 

voluntary services in caring for dying people. Prof 

Nurse 94;9(4):267-70. [Rec#: 9493] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Berger, A., Pereira, D., Baker, K., O'Mara, A., and Bolle, J. 

A commentary: social and cultural determinants of 

end-of-life care for elderly persons. Gerontologist 

2002;42 Spec No 3:49-53. [Rec#: 50212] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Berghmans R. Advance directives and dementia. Ann N Y 

Acad Sci 2000;913:105-10. [Rec#: 9517] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bergman B and Aaronson NK. Quality-of-life and 

cost-effectiveness assessment in lung cancer. Curr Opin 

Oncol 95;7(2):138-43. Comment in: Curr Opin Oncol. 

1995 Mar;7(2):131-3. PMID: 7756377. [Rec#: 30433] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-11 

Berlowitz DR, Young GJ, Hickey EC, Joseph J, Anderson JJ, 

Ash AS, and Moskowitz MA. Clinical practice 

guidelines in the nursing home. Am J Med Qual 

2001;16(6):189-95. [Rec#: 9527] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Berman P and Braverman C. Utilization review of hospice 

home care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(2):14-6. 

[Rec#: 9530] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bernard, S. A. and Bruera, E. Drug interactions in palliative 

care. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2000;18(8):1780-99. 

[Rec#: 50215] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bern-Klug, M., Ekerdt, D. J., and Wilkinson, D. S. What 

families know about funeral-related costs: implications 

for social work practice. Health & Social Work 

99;24(2):128-37. [Rec#: 50213] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Berry DL, Wilkie DJ, Huang HY, and Blumenstein BA. 

Cancer pain and common pain: a comparison of 

patient-reported intensities. Oncol Nurs Forum 

99;26(4):721-6. [Rec#: 30452] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Berthelot JM, Will BP, Evans WK, Coyle D, Earle CC, and 

Bordeleau L. Decision framework for chemotherapeutic 

interventions for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. 

J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92(16):1321-9. [Rec#: 9542] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bertman S. Ars Moriendi: illuminations on 'the good death' 

from the arts and humanities. Hosp J 98;13(1-2):5-28. 

[Rec#: 9543] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bezjak A. Palliative therapy for lung cancer. Semin Surg 

Oncol 2003;21(2):138-47. [Rec#: 30463] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bialecki L and Woodward RS. Predicting death after CPR. 

Experience at a nonteaching community hospital with a 

full-time critical care staff. Chest 95;108(4):1009-17. 

Comment in: Chest. 1995 Oct;108(4):892-3. PMID: 

7555153. [Rec#: 40294] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Bickerstaff KA, Grasser CM, and McCabe B. How elderly 

nursing home residents transcend losses of later life. 

Holist Nurs Pract 2003;17(3):159-65. [Rec#: 552] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Biernacki C. Should dementia patients be informed about 

their diagnosis? Prof Nurse 2003;19(4):198-202. 

[Rec#: 9560] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Billings JA and Pantilat S. Survey of palliative care programs 

in United States teaching hospitals. J Palliat Med 

2001;4(3):309-14. Comment in: J Palliat Med. 2001 

Fall;4(3):307-8. PMID: 11596540. [Rec#: 9577] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Billings JA, Gardner M, and Putnam AT. A one-day, 

hospital-wide survey of dying inpatients. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(3):363-74. [Rec#: 9576] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Billings JA. On being a reluctant physician-strains and 

rewards in caring for the dying at home. Outpatient 

Management of Advances Cancer 1985;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50218] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Billings, J. A. Depression. Journal of Palliative Care 

95;11(1):48-54. [Rec#: 50216] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Billings, J. A. Neuropathic pain. Journal of Palliative Care 

94;10(4):40-3. [Rec#: 50217] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Billings, J. A. What is palliative care? Journal of Palliative 

Medicine 98;1(1):73-78. [Rec#: 50219] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bilu Y and Witztum E. Working with Jewish ultra-orthodox 

patients: guidelines for a culturally sensitive therapy. 

Cult Med Psychiatry 93;17(2):197-233. [Rec#: 563] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Binsack T. Caring for terminally ill patients. The Johannes 

Hospiz in Munich: a palliative care unit in Southern 

Bavaria, Germany. Support Care Cancer 99;7(6):377-8. 

[Rec#: 9581] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bird CE, Shugarman LR, and Lynn J. Age and gender 

differences in health care utilization and spending for 

medicare beneficiaries in their last years of life. J 

Palliat Med 2002;5(5):705-12. [Rec#: 574] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Bisset AF and MacPherson IA. Patients with dementia: the 

view from general practice in Grampian. Health Bull 

(Edinb) 96;54(1):32-6. [Rec#: 50006] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Black B and Kovacs PJ. Direct care and nondirect care 

hospice volunteers: motivations, acceptance, satisfaction 

and length of service. J Volunt Adm 96;14(2):21-32. 

[Rec#: 9591] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Blackford J and Street A. The role of the palliative care nurse 

consultant in promoting continuity of end-of-life care. 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(6):273-8. [Rec#: 9593] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-12 

Blanchard B. Care for dying people in nursing homes. Nurs 

Older People 2001;13(8):39. Comment on: Nurs Older 

People. 2001 Apr;13(2):21-5; quiz 26. PMID: 

12008570. [Rec#: 596] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bland R and Darlington Y. The nature and sources of hope: 

perspectives of family caregivers of people with serious 

mental illness. Perspect Psychiatr Care 

2002;38(2):61-8. [Rec#: 598] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Blank K. Respectful decisions at the end of life. Am J 

Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;10(4):362-4. Comment on: Am 

J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Jul-Aug;10(4):365-72. 

PMID: 12095896. Comment in: Am J Geriatr 

Psychiatry. 2003 Jan-Feb;11(1):113-4. PMID: 

12527550. [Rec#: 599] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Blank, L. L. Defining and evaluating physician competence 

in end-of-life care. A matter of awareness and 

emphasis. Western Journal of Medicine 

95;163:297-301. [Rec#: 50220] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Blatt L. Working with families in reaching end-of-life 

decisions. Clin Nurse Spec 99;13(5):219-23; quiz 

224-6. Comment in: Clin Nurse Spec. 1999 

Sep;13(5):218. PMID: 11188551. [Rec#: 9601] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Blazeby JM, Farndon JR, Donovan J, and Alderson D. A 

prospective longitudinal study examining the quality of 

life of patients with esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 

2000;88(8):1781-7. [Rec#: 602] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Blazeby JM, Williams MH, Brookes ST, Alderson D, and 

Farndon JR. Quality of life measurement in patients 

with oesophageal cancer. Gut 95;37(4):505-8. 

[Rec#: 603] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bledsoe BE and Myers J. Pain & comfort: the 

pathophysiology of pain & prehospital treatment 

options. JEMS 2003;28(6):50-67. Comment on: JEMS. 

2003 Jun;28(6):74-6, 78-82, 84-8 passim; quiz 102-3. 

PMID: 12792597. Comment in: JEMS. 2003 

Aug;28(8):20; author reply 20. PMID: 14518506. 

[Rec#: 9602] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bledsoe TA. Point of view: respecting patient's wishes at the 

end of life: hospital and physician concerns. Med 

Health R I 2001;84(8):279-80. [Rec#: 9603] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bleehen NM, Girling DJ, Machin D, and Stephens RJ. A 

randomised trial of three or six courses of etoposide 

cyclophosphamide methotrexate and vincristine or six 

courses of etoposide and ifosfamide in small cell lung 

cancer (SCLC). II: Quality of life. Medical Research 

Council Lung Cancer Working Party. Br J Cancer 

93;68(6):1157-66. [Rec#: 605] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Blevins C. Death of a home care agency: is there an educator 

in the house? Home Healthc Nurse Manag 

99;3(5):22-5. [Rec#: 40317] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Blevins D and Deason-Howell LM. End-of-life care in 

nursing homes: the interface of policy, research, and 

practice. Behav Sci Law 2002;20(3):271-86. 

[Rec#: 9605] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bliss J and While A. Decision-making in palliative and 

continuing care in the community: an analysis of the 

published literature with reference to the context of UK 

care provision. Int J Nurs Stud 2003;40(8):881-8. 

[Rec#: 9607] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Block PJ, Schoors D, and van Camp G. Substantial variations 

in clinical outcome following hospitalization for heart 

failure. Eur Heart J 2002;23(8):597-9. Comment on: 

Eur Heart J. 2002 Apr;23(8):650-7. PMID: 11969280. 

[Rec#: 50007] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Block, S. D. Assessing and managing depression in the 

terminally ill patient. Annals of Internal Medicine 

2000;132:209-213. [Rec#: 50221] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Block, Susan D. Psychological Considerations, Growth, and 

Transcendance at the End of Life: the Art of the 

Possible. JAMA 2001;285(22):2898-2905. 

[Rec#: 50222] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bloom BS and Amenta MO. Prospective payment and the 

Medicare hospice benefit. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

93;10(2):32-8. [Rec#: 612] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bloomfield, D. J. Should bisphosphonates be part of the 

standard therapy of patients with multiple myeloma or 

bone metastases from other cancers? An evidence-based 

review. J Clin Oncol 98;16(3):1218-25. [Rec#: 50116] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Bluestine S and Lesko L. Psychotropic medications in 

oncology and in AIDS patients. Adv Psychosom Med 

94;21:107-37. [Rec#: 9617] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-13 

Blumhuber H, de Conno F, and Hanks GW. Report of the 

European Association for Palliative Care. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 96;12(2):82-4. [Rec#: 9620] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Blumhuber H, Kaasa S, and De Conno F. The European 

Association for Palliative Care. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2002;24(2):124-7. [Rec#: 9621] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Blustein J. The family in medical decisionmaking. Hastings 

Cent Rep 93;23(3):6-13. [Rec#: 617] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bly JL and Kissick P. Hospice care for patients living alone: 

results of a demonstration program. Hosp J 

94;9(4):9-20. [Rec#: 618] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Blyth AC. Audit of terminal care in a general practice. BMJ 

90;300(6730):983-6. Comment in: BMJ. 1990 May 

26;300(6736):1400-1. PMID: 2242142. [Rec#: 619] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Boakes J, Gardner D, Yuen K, and Doyle S. General 

practitioner training in palliative care: an experiential 

approach. J Palliat Care 2000;16(2):11-9. [Rec#: 9623] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bohnet NL. Hospice concepts in home care. Caring 

96;15(11):44-50. [Rec#: 9634] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bolmsjo I and Hermeren G. Challenging assumptions in 

end-of-life situations. Palliat Med 98;12(6):451-6. 

[Rec#: 638] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bolmsjo I and Hermeren G. Interviews with patients, family, 

and caregivers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: 

comparing needs. J Palliat Care 2001;17(4):236-40. 

[Rec#: 639] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Bolmsjo I and Hermern G. Conflicts of interest: experiences 

of close relatives of patients suffering from amyotrophic 

lateral sclerosis. Nurs Ethics 2003;10(2):186-98. 

[Rec#: 640] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Bolmsjo I, Hermeren G, and Ingvar C. Meeting existential 

needs in palliative care--who, when, and why? J Palliat 

Care 2002;18(3):185-91. [Rec#: 9641] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bolmsjo I. Existential issues in palliative care: interviews of 

patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Palliat 

Med 2001;4(4):499-505. [Rec#: 636] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Bolmsjo I. Existential issues in palliative care--interviews 

with cancer patients. J Palliat Care 2000;16(2):20-4. 

[Rec#: 637] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Bonham VL. Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: striving to 

understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in 

pain treatment. J Law Med Ethics 2001;29(1):52-68. 

[Rec#: 9651] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bonica JJ. Evolution and current status of pain programs. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 90;5(6):368-74. [Rec#: 9652] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bonito V, Primavera A, Borghi L, Mori M, Defanti CA, and 

Working Group on Bioethics and Palliative Care in 

Neurology. The discontinuation of life support measures 

in patients in a permanent vegetative state. Neurol Sci 

2002;23(3):131-9. Comment in: Neurol Sci. 2002 

Dec;23(5):251-4. PMID: 12528687. Comment in: 

Neurol Sci. 2003 Jun;24(2):90-1. PMID: 12846221. 

[Rec#: 9654] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bonneux L. How to measure the burden of mortality? J 

Epidemiol Community Health 2002;56(2):128-31. 

[Rec#: 655] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bonomi P, Kim K, Fairclough D, Cella D, Kugler J, 

Rowinsky E, Jiroutek M, and Johnson D. Comparison 

of survival and quality of life in advanced 

non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with two 

dose levels of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin versus 

etoposide with cisplatin: results of an Eastern 

Cooperative Oncology Group trial. J Clin Oncol 

2000;18(3):623-31. [Rec#: 30569] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bono-Snell B. The role of the psychiatric nurse in a home 

care palliative care program. Caring 2003;22(11):20-1. 

[Rec#: 9655] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bonura D, Fender M, Roesler M, and Pacquiao DF. 

Culturally congruent end-of-life care for Jewish patients 

and their families. J Transcult Nurs 2001;12(3):211-20. 

[Rec#: 657] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bookbinder M and Romer AL. Raising the standard of care 

for imminently dying patients using quality 

improvement. J Palliat Med 2002;5(4):635-44. 

[Rec#: 9656] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-14 

Booker, R. Implementing a discharge assessment tool in 

palliative home care. Canadian Oncology Nursing 

Journal 2002;12(3):169-76. [Rec#: 50223] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bookwala J, Coppola KM, Fagerlin A, Ditto PH, Danks JH, 

and Smucker WD. Gender differences in older adults' 

preferences for life-sustaining medical treatments and 

end-of-life values. Death Stud 2001;25(2):127-49. 

[Rec#: 660] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Booth K, Maguire PM, Butterworth T, and Hillier VF. 

Perceived professional support and the use of blocking 

behaviours by hospice nurses. J Adv Nurs 

96;24(3):522-7. [Rec#: 9662] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Booth S, Anderson H, Swannick M, Wade R, Kite S, 

Johnson M, and Expert Working Group of the Scientific 

Committee of the Association of Palliative Medicine. 

The use of oxygen in the palliation of breathlessness. A 

report of the expert working group of the Scientific 

Committee of the Association of Palliative Medicine. 

Respir Med 2004;98(1):66-77. [Rec#: 664] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Booth, K., Maguire, P., and Hillier, V. F. Measurement of 

communication skills in cancer care: myth or reality? 

Journal of Advanced Nursing 99;30(5):1073-9. 

[Rec#: 50224] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Borasio GD and Voltz R. Discontinuation of mechanical 

ventilation in patients with amyotrophic lateral 

sclerosis. J Neurol 98;245(11):717-22. [Rec#: 9668] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Borasio GD and Voltz R. Palliative care in amyotrophic 

lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 97;244 Suppl 4:S11-7. 

[Rec#: 9669] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Borasio GD, Voltz R, and Miller RG. Palliative care in 

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Clin 

2001;19(4):829-47. [Rec#: 9670] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Borlase BC, Baxter JT, Benotti PN, Stone M, Wood E, Forse 

RA, Blackburn GL, and Steele G Jr. Surgical intensive 

care unit resource use in a specialty referral hospital: I. 

Predictors of early death and cost implications. Surgery 

91;109(6):687-93. [Rec#: 9671] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Bosek MS and Lowry E. When care is futile. Medsurg Nurs 

94;3(3):225-7. [Rec#: 689] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bosnjak S, Jelic S, Susnjar S, and Luki V. Gabapentin for 

relief of neuropathic pain related to anticancer 

treatment: a preliminary study. J Chemother 

2002;14(2):214-9. [Rec#: 691] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Boston P, Towers A, and Barnard D. Embracing 

vulnerability: risk and empathy in palliative care. J 

Palliat Care 2001;17(4):248-53. [Rec#: 694] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Boston PH. Culturally responsive cancer care in a 

cost-constrained work-classification system: a 

qualitative study of palliative care nurses. J Cancer 

Educ 99;14(3):148-53. [Rec#: 9678] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Botsford AL. Integrating end of life care into services for 

people with an intellectual disability. Soc Work Health 

Care 2000;31(1):35-48. [Rec#: 699] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bottomley A, Efficace F, Thomas R, Vanvoorden V, and 

Ahmedzai SH. Health-related quality of life in 

non-small-cell lung cancer: methodologic issues in 

randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol 

2003;21(15):2982-92. [Rec#: 30590] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bottomley A. Metastatic colorectal cancer: treatment 

challenges and quality of life. Lancet 

2002;359(9317):1537-8. Comment on: Lancet. 2002 

May 4;359(9317):1555-63. PMID: 12047964. 

[Rec#: 9682] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Bottorff JL, Steele R, Davies B, Garossino C, Porterfield P, 

and Shaw M. Striving for balance: palliative care 

patients' experiences of making everyday choices. J 

Palliat Care 98;14(1):7-17. [Rec#: 701] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Bottorff JL, Steele R, Davies B, Porterfield P, Garossino C, 

and Shaw M. Facilitating day-to-day decision making in 

palliative care. Cancer Nurs 2000;23(2):141-50. 

[Rec#: 702] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Bottrell MM, O'sullivan JF, Robbins MA, Mitty EL, and 

Mezey MD. Transferring dying nursing home residents 

to the hospital: DON perspectives on the nurse's role in 

transfer decisions. Geriatr Nurs 2001;22(6):313-7. 

[Rec#: 9683] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-15 

Boussat S, El'rini T, Dubiez A, Depierre A, Barale F, and 

Capellier G. Predictive factors of death in primary lung 

cancer patients on admission to the intensive care unit. 

Intensive Care Med 2000;26(12):1811-6. [Rec#: 40375] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Bouton BL. The interdisciplinary bereavement team: 

defining and directing appropriate bereavement care. 

Hosp J 96;11(4):15-24. [Rec#: 9692] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bouvette M, Fothergill-Bourbonnais F, and Perreault A. 

Implementation of the pain and symptom assessment 

record (PSAR). J Adv Nurs 2002;40(6):685-700. 

Erratum in: J Adv Nurs. 2003 Jun;42(6):647. 

[Rec#: 9693] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Bowman GS. Emotions and illness. J Adv Nurs 

2001;34(2):256-63. [Rec#: 9697] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bowman KW and Singer PA. Chinese seniors' perspectives 

on end-of-life decisions. Soc Sci Med 

2001;53(4):455-64. [Rec#: 720] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Bowman KW, Martin DK, and Singer PA. Quality 

end-of-life care. J Eval Clin Pract 2000;6(1):51-61. 

[Rec#: 9699] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bowman KW. Communication, negotiation, and mediation: 

dealing with conflict in end-of-life decisions. J Palliat 

Care 2000;16 Suppl:S17-23. [Rec#: 719] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Boyce A, McHugh M, and Lyon P. Proactive palliative care 

choices for haematology day unit patients. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2003;9(12):544-50. [Rec#: 9702] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Boyd KJ and Beeken L. Tube feeding in palliative care: 

benefits and problems. Palliat Med 94;8(2):156-8. 

[Rec#: 730] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Boyd KJ. Hospice home care in the United Kingdom. Ann 

Acad Med Singapore 94;23(2):271-4. [Rec#: 9703] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Boyd KJ. Palliative care in the community: views of general 

practitioners and district nurses in east London. J Palliat 

Care 93;9(2):33-8. [Rec#: 9704] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Boyd KJ. The role of specialist home care teams: views of 

general practitioners in south London. Palliat Med 

95;9(2):138-44. [Rec#: 9705] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Boykin L. The role of the dietitian in palliative care. Health 

Care Food Nutr Focus 97;13(9):8, 7. [Rec#: 9706] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Boyle DA. Pathos in practice: exploring the affective domain 

of oncology nursing. Oncol Nurs Forum 

2000;27(6):915-9. [Rec#: 9707] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Boyle DM, Abernathy G, Baker L, and Wall AC. End-of-life 

confusion in patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 

98;25(8):1335-43. Comment in: Oncol Nurs Forum. 

1999 Apr;26(3):497-8. PMID: 10214580. [Rec#: 9711] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Boyle DM. "Coding" the patient with cancer: nurses facilitate 

family acceptance and grief. Oncol Nurs Forum 

97;24(3):458. [Rec#: 9710] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Boyle, D. M. The cultural context of dying from cancer. 

International Journal of Palliative Nursing 

98;4(2):70-83. [Rec#: 50225] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Boys L. Using morphine for effective pain control in 

palliative care. Community Nurse 2000;5(12):33-4. 

[Rec#: 9712] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Boyte WR. The curtain. What happens when doctors reach 

out to bereaved family members. Health Aff 

(Millwood) 2002;21(4):242-5. [Rec#: 9714] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bozzetti F, Cozzaglio L, Biganzoli E, Chiavenna G, De 

Cicco M, Donati D, Gilli G, Percolla S, and Pironi L. 

Quality of life and length of survival in advanced cancer 

patients on home parenteral nutrition. Clin Nutr 

2002;21(4):281-8. Comment in: Clin Nutr. 2002 

Aug;21(4):269-71. PMID: 12135585. [Rec#: 733] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Bozzetti F. Home total parenteral nutrition in incurable 

cancer patients: a therapy, a basic humane care or 

something in between? Clin Nutr 2003;22(2):109-11. 

[Rec#: 9715] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Braddock, C. H. 3rd., Edwards, K. A., Hasenberg, N. M., 

Laidley, T. L., and Levinson, W. Informed decision 

making in outpatient practice: time to get back to basics. 

JAMA 99;282(24):2313-20. [Rec#: 50226] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-16 

Bradley EH, Cherlin E, McCorkle R, Fried TR, Kasl SV, 

Cicchetti DV, Johnson-Hurzeler R, and Horwitz SM. 

Nurses' use of palliative care practices in the acute care 

setting. J Prof Nurs 2001;17(1):14-22. [Rec#: 9719] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Bradley EH, Cicchetti DV, Fried TR, Rousseau DM, 

Johnson-Hurzeler R, Kasl SV, and Horwitz SM. 

Attitudes about care at the end of life among clinicians: 

a quick, reliable, and valid assessment instrument. J 

Palliat Care 2000;16(1):6-14. [Rec#: 741] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bradley EH, Fried TR, Kasl SV, Cicchetti DV, 

Johnson-Hurzeler R, and Horwitz SM. Referral of 

terminally ill patients for hospice: frequency and 

correlates. J Palliat Care 2000;16(4):20-6. [Rec#: 9720] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Bradley, W. G. Advanced care planning in ALS. Muscle & 

Nerve 2002;25(6):923. [Rec#: 50227] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bradshaw A. The spiritual dimension of hospice: the 

secularization of an ideal. Soc Sci Med 

96;43(3):409-19. [Rec#: 9723] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bradshaw PJ. Characteristics of clients referred to home, 

hospice and hospital palliative care services in Western 

Australia. Palliat Med 93;7(2):101-7. [Rec#: 747] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Brady A, Cleeland C, Goldstein G, Lefkowitz M, 

Linden-Malek P, Martens G, Miller SJ, Portenoy RK, 

and Simmonds MA. Pain management guidelines: 

implications for managed care--a roundtable discussion. 

Med Interface 97;Suppl:10-32. [Rec#: 9724] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Brady MJ and Cella D. Assessing quality of life in palliative 

care. Cancer Treat Res 99;100:203-16. [Rec#: 9726] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brady, M. J., Peterman, A. H., Fitchett, G., Mo, M., and 

Cella, D. A case for including spirituality in quality of 

life measurement in oncology. Psycho-Oncology 

99;8(5):417-28. [Rec#: 50228] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Brajtman S. The impact on the family of terminal 

restlessness and its management. Palliat Med 

2003;17(5):454-60. [Rec#: 9728] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Bral EE. Caring for adults with chronic cancer pain. Am J 

Nurs 98;98(4):26-32; quiz 33. Comment in: Am J Nurs. 

1998 Aug;98(8):18. PMID: 9711143. [Rec#: 748] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brallier LW. The suffering of terminal illness: cancer. NLN 

Publ 92;(15-2461):203-25. [Rec#: 9729] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brameld KJ, Holman CD, Bass AJ, Codde JP, and Rouse IL. 

Hospitalisation of the elderly during the last year of life: 

an application of record linkage in Western Australia 

1985-1994. J Epidemiol Community Health 

98;52(11):740-4. [Rec#: 40393] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Branch WT Jr, Pels RJ, and Hafler JP. Medical students' 

empathic understanding of their patients. Acad Med 

98;73(4):360-2. [Rec#: 9732] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Branco K, Teno J, and Mor V. Advance care planning among 

nursing home residents prior to the Patient 

Self-Determination Act. J Health Soc Policy 

95;7(1):37-52. [Rec#: 40395] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brandenburg M and Gifford J. Developing a 

multidisciplinary brochure to teach patients and families 

about life-sustaining treatments. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 

97;16(6):328-33. [Rec#: 9735] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Brandt K. The physician-hospice partnership: expanding 

opportunities to improve end-of-life care. J Med Pract 

Manage 2001;16(5):232-6. [Rec#: 9736] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Branicki FJ, Law SY, Fok M, Poon RT, Chu KM, and Wong 

J. Quality of life in patients with cancer of the 

esophagus and gastric cardia: a case for palliative 

resection. Arch Surg 98;133(3):316-22. [Rec#: 9738] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Brant JM. The art of palliative care: living with hope, dying 

with dignity. Oncol Nurs Forum 98;25(6):995-1004. 

Comment in: Oncol Nurs Forum. 1999 

Jan-Feb;26(1):17. PMID: 9921565. [Rec#: 9741] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brasseur L and Larue F. France: status of cancer pain and 

palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 93;8(6):412-5. 

[Rec#: 9743] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Braun KL and Zir A. Roles for the church in improving 

end-of-life care: perceptions of Christian clergy and 

laity. Death Stud 2001;25(8):685-704. [Rec#: 9744] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-17 

Braun TC, Hagen NA, and Clark T. Development of a 

clinical practice guideline for palliative sedation. J 

Palliat Med 2003;6(3):345-50. Comment in: J Palliat 

Med. 2003 Jun;6(3):425-7. PMID: 14509488. 

[Rec#: 9745] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Braun TC, Hagen NA, Smith C, and Summers N. 

Oncologists and family physicians. Using a 

standardized letter to improve communication. Can 

Fam Physician 2003;49:882-6. Comment in: Can Fam 

Physician. 2003 Oct;49:1272-3. PMID: 14594092. 

[Rec#: 9746] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Brauner, D. J., Muir, J. C., and Sachs, G. A. Treating 

nondementia illnesses in patients with dementia. JAMA 

2000;283(24):3230-5. [Rec#: 50229] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Braveman C and Rodrigues C. Performance improvement in 

pain management for home care and hospice programs. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001;18(4):257-63. Comment 

in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2001 Jul-Aug;18(4):222-3. 

PMID: 11467094. [Rec#: 9747] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Braveman C and Wright K. Total turnaround: how to use 

national benchmarks, an operational review, and focus 

change strategies to totally turn an agency around. 

Caring 2003;22(6):12-6. [Rec#: 9748] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Breen, C. M., Abernethy, A. P., Abbott, K. H., and Tulsky, J. 

A. Conflict associated with decisions to limit 

life-sustaining treatment in intensive care units. Journal 

of General Internal Medicine 2001;16(5):283-9. 

[Rec#: 50231] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Breitbart W and Jacobsen PB. Psychiatric symptom 

management in terminal care. Clin Geriatr Med 

96;12(2):329-47. [Rec#: 9753] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Breitbart W and Strout D. Delirium in the terminally ill. Clin 

Geriatr Med 2000;16(2):357-72. [Rec#: 9754] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Breitbart W. Reframing hope: meaning-centered care for 

patients near the end of life. Interview by Karen S. 

Heller. J Palliat Med 2003;6(6):979-88. [Rec#: 40410] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Breitbart W. Spirituality and meaning in supportive care: 

spirituality- and meaning-centered group psychotherapy 

interventions in advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 

2002;10(4):272-80. [Rec#: 9752] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Breitbart, W. Spirituality and meaning in supportive care: 

spirituality- and meaning-centered group psychotherapy 

interventions in advanced cancer. Supportive Care in 

Cancer 2002;10(4):272-80. [Rec#: 50232] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Breitbart, W., Bruera, E., Chochinov, H., and Lynch, M. 

Neuropsychiatric syndromes and psychological 

symptoms in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of 

Pain & Symptom Management 95;10(2):131-41. 

[Rec#: 50233] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Breitbart, W., Marotta, R., Platt, M. M., Weisman, H., 

Derevenco, M., Grau, C., Corbera, K., Raymond, S., 

Lund, S., and Jacobson, P. A double-blind trial of 

haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and lorazepam in the 

treatment of delirium in hospitalized AIDS patients. 

American Journal of Psychiatry 96;153(2):231-7. 

[Rec#: 50235] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Breivik, H. Opioids in cancer and chronic non-cancer pain 

therapy-indications and controversies. Acta 

Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2001;45(9):1059-66. 

[Rec#: 50238] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Brennan J. Adjustment to cancer - coping or personal 

transition? Psychooncology 2001;10(1):1-18. 

[Rec#: 9756] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Brenneis C and Bruera E. The interaction between family 

physicians and palliative care consultants in the delivery 

of palliative care: clinical and educational issues. J 

Palliat Care 98;14(3):58-61. [Rec#: 9757] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brenneis, C., Michaud, M., Bruera, E., and MacDonald, R. 

N. Local toxicity during the subcutaneous infusion of 

narcotics (SCIN). A prospective study. Cancer Nursing 

87;10(4):172-6. [Rec#: 50239] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brenner PR. Hospice care and palliative care: a perspective 

from experience. Hosp J 99;14(3-4):155-66. 

[Rec#: 9759] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Brenner PR. Issues of access in a diverse society. Hosp J 

97;12(2):9-16. [Rec#: 9760] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Brenner PR. Managing patients and families at the ending of 

life: hospice assumptions, structures, and practice in 

response to staff stress. Cancer Invest 97;15(3):257-64. 

[Rec#: 9761] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-18 

Brenner PR. Palliative care and hospice: one approach. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2000;17(4):241-4. [Rec#: 9762] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Brenner PR. Useful HIV disease multimedia resources for 

hospices. Hosp J 91;7(1-2):171-86. [Rec#: 9763] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brenner ZR and Krenzer ME. Using complementary and 

alternative therapies to promote comfort at end of life. 

Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2003;15(3):355-62. 

[Rec#: 9764] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Brescia FJ. Pain management issues as part of the 

comprehensive care of the cancer patient. Semin Oncol 

93;20(2 Suppl 1):48-52. [Rec#: 9767] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bressler LR, Geraci MC, and Schatz BS. Misperceptions and 

inadequate pain management in cancer patients. DICP 

91;25(11):1225-30. [Rec#: 9770] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Brett, A. S. and Jersild, P. "Inappropriate" treatment near the 

end of life: conflict between religious convictions and 

clinical judgment. Archives of Internal Medicine 

2003;163(14):1645-9. [Rec#: 50240] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bricker LJ, Lambing A, and Markey C. Enhancing 

communication for end-of-life care: an electronic 

advance directive process. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(3):511-9. [Rec#: 9778] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bridges-Webb C, Wolk J, Britt H, and Pond D. The 

management of dementia in general practice. A field 

test of guidelines. Aust Fam Physician 

2003;32(4):283-5. [Rec#: 50008] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Briggs L and Colvin E. The nurse's role in end-of-life 

decision-making for patients and families. Geriatr Nurs 

2002;23(6):302-10. [Rec#: 9782] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Briggs, M. and Nelson, E. A. Topical agents or dressings for 

pain in venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database of 

Systematic Reviews 2003;(1):CD001177. 

[Rec#: 50241] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Brinson SV and Brunk Q. Hospice family caregivers: an 

experience in coping. Hosp J 2000;15(3):1-12. 

[Rec#: 801] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

BrintzenhofeSzoc KM, Smith ED, and Zabora JR. Screening 

to predict complicated grief in spouses of cancer 

patients. Cancer Pract 99;7(5):233-9. [Rec#: 802] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Broback G and Bertero C. How next of kin experience 

palliative care of relatives at home. Eur J Cancer Care 

(Engl) 2003;12(4):339-46. [Rec#: 807] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Brock C and Simpson WM. Dementia, depression, or grief? 

The differential diagnosis. Geriatrics 90;45(10):37-43. 

[Rec#: 808] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Brock DB and Foley DJ. Demography and epidemiology of 

dying in the U.S. with emphasis on deaths of older 

persons. Hosp J 98;13(1-2):49-60. [Rec#: 809] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Brockopp DY, Warden S, Colclough G, and Brockopp G. 

Elderly hospice patients' perspective on pain 

management. Hosp J 96;11(3):41-53. [Rec#: 813] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Brodaty H, McGilchrist C, Harris L, and Peters KE. Time 

until institutionalization and death in patients with 

dementia. Role of caregiver training and risk factors. 

Arch Neurol 93;50(6):643-50. [Rec#: 814] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Brodaty, H., Green, A., and Koschera, A. Meta-analysis of 

psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with 

dementia. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 

2003;51(5):657-64. [Rec#: 50242] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Brodeur D. Redefining long-term care, personal choices and 

"futile care". J Long Term Care Adm 93;21(3):78-80. 

Comment on: J Long Term Care Adm. 1993 

Fall;21(3):66-74. PMID: 10133933. [Rec#: 9791] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brody, H., Campbell, M. L., Faber-Langendoen, K., and 

Ogle, K. S. Withdrawing intensive life-sustaining 

treatment -- recommendations for compassionate 

clinical management. New England Journal of 

Medicine 97;336(9):652-7. [Rec#: 50243] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bromberg MH and Higginson I. Bereavement follow-up: 

what do palliative support teams actually do? J Palliat 

Care 96;12(1):12-7. [Rec#: 820] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Brooks DJ, Gamble W, and Ahmedzai S. A regional survey 

of opioid use by patients receiving specialist palliative 

care. Palliat Med 95;9(3):229-38. [Rec#: 825] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-19 

Brooks RG, Hardy M, Moseley R, Myrick J, and Jones A. 

Advancing End-of-Life Care: lessons learned from a 

statewide panel. J Palliat Med 2003;6(5):821-9. 

[Rec#: 9802] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Broomhead A, Kerr R, Tester W, O'Meara P, Maccarrone C, 

Bowles R, and Hodsman P. Comparison of a once-a-day 

sustained-release morphine formulation with standard 

oral morphine treatment for cancer pain. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 97;14(2):63-73. [Rec#: 827] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Brophy JM, Deslauriers G, Boucher B, and Rouleau JL. The 

hospital course and short term prognosis of patients 

presenting to the emergency room with decompensated 

congestive heart failure. Can J Cardiol 93;9(3):219-24. 

[Rec#: 30656] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Brown AE, McDaniel JL, and Birx EC. Stressors, needs, and 

resources: what AIDS home caregivers have to say. 

Caring 95;14(4):60-1, 63-4. [Rec#: 9807] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Brown C. Limiting care: is CPR for everyone? AACN Clin 

Issues Crit Care Nurs 90;1(1):161-8. [Rec#: 9809] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Brown JB, Sangster M, and Swift J. Factors influencing 

palliative care. Qualitative study of family physicians' 

practices. Can Fam Physician 98;44:1028-34. 

[Rec#: 843] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Brown M. Participating in end of life decisions. The role of 

general practitioners. Aust Fam Physician 

2002;31(1):60-2. [Rec#: 849] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Brown MA and Stetz K. The labor of caregiving: a 

theoretical model of caregiving during potentially fatal 

illness. Qual Health Res 99;9(2):182-97. [Rec#: 855] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Brown P, Davies B, and Martens N. Families in supportive 

care--Part II: Palliative care at home: a viable care 

setting. J Palliat Care 90;6(3):21-7. [Rec#: 9821] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Brown S and Degner LF. Delirium in the terminally-ill 

cancer patient: aetiology, symptoms and management. 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(6):266-8, 270-2. [Rec#: 9824] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Brown ST, Blacker S, Walsh-Burke K, Christ GH, Altilio T. 

Care at the End of Life. 2001;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50245] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera E and Beattie-Palmer LN. Pharmacologic 

management of nonpain symptoms in surgical patients. 

Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2001;10(1):89-107. 

[Rec#: 9835] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bruera E and Lawlor P. Defining palliative care 

interventions. J Palliat Care 98;14(2):23-4. 

[Rec#: 9838] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera E and Neumann CM. Respective limits of palliative 

care and oncology in the supportive care of cancer 

patients. Support Care Cancer 99;7(5):321-7. 

[Rec#: 9841] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Bruera E and Sweeney C. Palliative care models: 

international perspective. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(2):319-27. [Rec#: 9848] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Bruera E and Sweeney C. The development of palliative care 

at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer 

Center. Support Care Cancer 2001;9(5):330-4. 

[Rec#: 9847] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera E, Miller L, McCallion J, Macmillan K, Krefting L, 

and Hanson J. Cognitive failure in patients with terminal 

cancer: a prospective study. J Pain Symptom Manage 

92;7(4):192-5. [Rec#: 869] 

In abstract review process 

Bruera E, Neumann C, Brenneis C, and Quan H. Frequency 

of symptom distress and poor prognostic indicators in 

palliative cancer patients admitted to a tertiary palliative 

care unit, hospices, and acute care hospitals. J Palliat 

Care 2000;16(3):16-21. [Rec#: 871] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bruera E, Neumann CM, Mazzocato C, Stiefel F, and Sala R. 

Attitudes and beliefs of palliative care physicians 

regarding communication with terminally ill cancer 

patients. Palliat Med 2000;14(4):287-98. [Rec#: 9843] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bruera E, Neumann CM, Pituskin E, Calder K, Ball G, and 

Hanson J. Thalidomide in patients with cachexia due to 

terminal cancer: preliminary report. Ann Oncol 

99;10(7):857-9. [Rec#: 872] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-20 

Bruera E, Palmer JL, Bosnjak S, Rico MA, Moyano J, 

Sweeney C, Strasser F, Willey J, Bertolino M, Mathias 

C, Spruyt O, and Fisch MJ. Methadone versus morphine 

as a first-line strong opioid for cancer pain: a 

randomized, double-blind study. J Clin Oncol 

2004;22(1):185-92. [Rec#: 874] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bruera E, Russell N, Sweeney C, Fisch M, and Palmer JL. 

Place of death and its predictors for local patients 

registered at a comprehensive cancer center. J Clin 

Oncol 2002;20(8):2127-33. [Rec#: 9845] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Bruera E, Schoeller T, and MacEachern T. Symptomatic 

benefit of supplemental oxygen in hypoxemic patients 

with terminal cancer: the use of the N of 1 randomized 

controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 

92;7(6):365-8. [Rec#: 876] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera E, Suarez-Almazor M, Velasco A, Bertolino M, 

MacDonald SM, and Hanson J. The assessment of 

constipation in terminal cancer patients admitted to a 

palliative care unit: a retrospective review. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 94;9(8):515-9. [Rec#: 878] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Bruera E, Sweeney C, Russell N, Willey JS, and Palmer JL. 

Place of death of Houston area residents with cancer 

over a two-year period. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;26(1):637-43. [Rec#: 880] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Bruera E. Ambulatory infusion devices in the continuing care 

of patients with advanced diseases. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 90;5(5):287-96. [Rec#: 9831] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bruera E. Issues of symptom control in patients with 

advanced cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

93;10(2):12-8; discussion 19-22. [Rec#: 9833] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera E. Palliative care in Latin America. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 93;8(6):365-8. [Rec#: 9834] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Bruera, E. and Castro, M. Cannabinoids in supportive care: 

are they necessary? Supportive Care in Cancer 

2003;11(3):133-4. [Rec#: 50260] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera, E. and Lawlor, P. Cancer pain management. Acta 

Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 97;41(1 Pt 2):146-53. 

[Rec#: 50272] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bruera, E. and MacDonald, N. Intractable pain in patients 

with advanced head and neck tumors: a possible role of 

local infection. Cancer Treatment Reports 

86;70(5):691-2. [Rec#: 50274] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera, E. and MacDonald, R. N. Asthenia in patients with 

advanced cancer. Issues in symptom control. Part 

1.[erratum appears in Journal of Pain and Symptom 

Management 1988 Fall;3(4):211]. Journal of Pain & 

Symptom Management 88;3(1):9-14. [Rec#: 50275] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Bruera, E. and Miller, M. J. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary 

edema after narcotic treatment for cancer pain. Pain 

89;39(3):297-300. [Rec#: 50287] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E. and Neumann, C. M. Management of specific 

symptom complexes in patients receiving palliative 

care. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal 

98;158(13):1717-26. [Rec#: 50290] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bruera, E. and Neumann, C. M. Role of methadone in the 

management of pain in cancer patients. Oncology 

(Huntington) 1291;13(9):1275-82; discussion 1285-8. 

[Rec#: 50291] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bruera, E. and Neumann, C. M. The uses of psychotropics in 

symptom management in advanced cancer. 

Psycho-Oncology 98;7:346-58. [Rec#: 50292] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bruera, E. and Suarez-Almazor, M. Cost effectiveness in 

palliative care. Palliative Medicine 98;12(5):315-6. 

[Rec#: 50301] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera, E. and Sweeney, C. Methadone use in cancer patients 

with pain: a review. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2002;5(1):127-38. [Rec#: 50302] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Bruera, E. and Watanabe, S. Psychostimulants as adjuvant 

analgesics. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

94;9(6):412-5. [Rec#: 50304] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bruera, E. D., Chadwick, S., Bacovsky, R., and Macdonald, 

N. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of narcotics using 

a portable disposable pump. Journal of Palliative Care 

85;1(1):46-7. [Rec#: 50307] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-21 

Bruera, E., Belzile, M., Pituskin, E., Fainsinger, R., Darke, 

A., Harsanyi, Z., Babul, N., and Ford, I. Randomized, 

double-blind, cross-over trial comparing safety and 

efficacy of oral controlled-release oxycodone with 

controlled-release morphine in patients with cancer 

pain. Journal of Clinical Oncology 98;16(10):3222-9. 

[Rec#: 50247] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bruera, E., Brenneis, C., and MacDonald, R. N. Continuous 

Sc infusion of narcotics for the treatment of cancer pain: 

an update. Cancer Treatment Reports 87;71(10):953-8. 

[Rec#: 50248] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera, E., Brenneis, C., Michaud, M., and MacDonald, R. 

N. Influence of the pain and symptom control team 

(PSCT) on the patterns of treatment of pain and other 

symptoms in a cancer center. Journal of Pain & 

Symptom Management 89;4(3):112-6. [Rec#: 50252] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Bruera, E., Brenneis, C., Michaud, M., Jackson, P. I., and 

MacDonald, R. N. Muscle electrophysiology in patients 

with advanced breast cancer. Journal of the National 

Cancer Institute 88;80(4):282-5. [Rec#: 50251] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bruera, E., Brenneis, C., Michaud, M., Rafter, J., Magnan, 

A., Tennant, A., Hanson, J., and Macdonald, R. N. 

Association between asthenia and nutritional status, lean 

body mass, anemia, psychological status, and tumor 

mass in patients with advanced breast cancer. Journal 

of Pain & Symptom Management 89;4(2):59-63. 

[Rec#: 50254] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Bruera, E., Brenneis, C., Michaud, M., Rafter, J., Magnan, 

A., Tennant, A., Hanson, J., and MacDonald, R. N. 

Asthenia in breast cancer. AJN, American Journal of 

Nursing 89;89(5):737-8. [Rec#: 50255] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera, E., Brenneis, C., Paterson, A. H., and MacDonald, R. 

N. Narcotics plus methylphenidate (Ritalin) for 

advanced cancer pain. AJN, American Journal of 

Nursing 88;88(11):1555-6. [Rec#: 50256] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera, E., Brenneis, C., Paterson, A. H., and MacDonald, R. 

N. Use of methylphenidate as an adjuvant to narcotic 

analgesics in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of 

Pain & Symptom Management 89;4(1):3-6. 

[Rec#: 50257] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Bruera, E., Chadwick, S., Weinlick, A., and MacDonald, N. 

Delirium and severe sedation in patients with terminal 

cancer. Cancer Treatment Reports 87;71(7-8):787-8. 

[Rec#: 50262] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera, E., Fainsinger, R. L., Miller, M. J., and Kuehn, N. 

The assessment of pain intensity in patients with 

cognitive failure: a preliminary report. Journal of Pain 

& Symptom Management 92;7(5):267-70. 

[Rec#: 50267] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E., Fainsinger, R. L., Schoeller, T., and Ripamonti, 

C. Rapid discontinuation of hypnotics in terminal cancer 

patients: a prospective study. Annals of Oncology 

96;7(8):855-6. [Rec#: 50268] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bruera, E., Fainsinger, R., Moore, M., Thibault, R., Spoldi, 

E., and Ventafridda, V. Local toxicity with 

subcutaneous methadone. Experience of two centers. 

Pain 91;45(2):141-3. [Rec#: 50264] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E., Fainsinger, R., Spachynski, K., Babul, N., 

Harsanyi, Z., and Darke, A. C. Clinical efficacy and 

safety of a novel controlled-release morphine 

suppository and subcutaneous morphine in cancer pain: 

a randomized evaluation. Journal of Clinical Oncology 

95;13(6):1520-7. [Rec#: 50265] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bruera, E., Fainsinger, R., Spachynski, K., Babul, N., 

Harsanyi, Z., and Darke, A. C. Steady-state 

pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel, 

controlled-release morphine suppository and 

subcutaneous morphine in cancer pain. Journal of 

Clinical Pharmacology 95;35(7):666-72. [Rec#: 50266] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bruera, E., Fox, R., Chadwick, S., Brenneis, C., and 

MacDonald, N. Changing pattern in the treatment of 

pain and other symptoms in advanced cancer patients. 

Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

87;2(3):139-44. [Rec#: 50269] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Bruera, E., Franco, J. J., Maltoni, M., Watanabe, S., and 

Suarez-Almazor, M. Changing pattern of agitated 

impaired mental status in patients with advanced cancer: 

association with cognitive monitoring, hydration, and 

opioid rotation. Journal of Pain & Symptom 

Management 95;10(4):287-91. [Rec#: 50270] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Bruera, E., Gibney, N., Stollery, D., and Marcushamer, S. 

Use of the subcutaneous route of administration of 

morphine in the intensive care unit. Journal of Pain & 

Symptom Management 91;6(4):263-5. [Rec#: 50271] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E., Legris, M. A., Kuehn, N., and Miller, M. J. 

Hypodermoclysis for the administration of fluids and 

narcotic analgesics in patients with advanced cancer. 

Journal of the National Cancer Institute 

89;81(14):1108-9. [Rec#: 50273] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-22 

Bruera, E., MacEachern, T., Macmillan, K., Miller, M. J., 

and Hanson, J. Local tolerance to subcutaneous 

infusions of high concentrations of hydromorphone: a 

prospective study. Journal of Pain & Symptom 

Management 93;8(4):201-4. [Rec#: 50276] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E., MacMillan, K., Hanson, J., and MacDonald, R. 

N. The Edmonton injector: a simple device for 

patient-controlled subcutaneous analgesia. Pain 

91;44(2):167-9. [Rec#: 50278] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E., Macmillan, K., Kuehn, N., Hanson, J., and 

MacDonald, R. N. A controlled trial of megestrol 

acetate on appetite, caloric intake, nutritional status, and 

other symptoms in patients with advanced cancer. 

Cancer 90;66(6):1279-82. [Rec#: 50280] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Bruera, E., Macmillan, K., Kuehn, N., Moore, M., and Bliss, 

A. Evaluation of a spring-loaded syringe driver for the 

subcutaneous administration of narcotics. Journal of 

Pain & Symptom Management 91;6(3):115-8. 

[Rec#: 50282] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E., Macmillan, K., Pither, J., and MacDonald, R. N. 

Effects of morphine on the dyspnea of terminal cancer 

patients. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

90;5(6):341-4. [Rec#: 50283] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E., Macmillan, K., Selmser, P., and MacDonald, R. 

N. Decreased local toxicity with subcutaneous 

diamorphine (heroin): a preliminary report. Pain 

90;43(1):91-4. [Rec#: 50284] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E., Martinez-Garcia, M., Sweeney, C., and Palmer, 

L. Re: Perception of discomfort among relatives of 

unresponsive terminally ill patients. Journal of 

Palliative Care 2000;16(4):59-60. [Rec#: 50285] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Bruera, E., Navigante, A., Barugel, M., Macmillan, K., 

MacDonald, R. N., and Chacon, R. Treatment of pain 

and other symptoms in cancer patients: patterns in a 

North American and a South American hospital. 

Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

90;5(2):78-82. [Rec#: 50289] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Bruera, E., Pereira, J., Watanabe, S., Belzile, M., Kuehn, N., 

and Hanson, J. Opioid rotation in patients with cancer 

pain. A retrospective comparison of dose ratios between 

methadone, hydromorphone, and morphine. Cancer 

96;78(4):852-7. [Rec#: 50293] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Bruera, E., Schoeller, T., and Montejo, G. Organic 

hallucinosis in patients receiving high doses of opiates 

for cancer pain. Pain 92;48(3):397-9. [Rec#: 50297] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Bruera, E., Schoeller, T., Fainsinger, R. L., and Kastelan, C. 

Custom-made suppositories of methadone for severe 

cancer pain. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

92;7(6):372-4. [Rec#: 50296] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Bruera, E., Schoeller, T., Wenk, R., MacEachern, T., 

Marcelino, S., Hanson, J., and Suarez-Almazor, M. A 

prospective multicenter assessment of the Edmonton 

staging system for cancer pain. Journal of Pain & 

Symptom Management 95;10(5):348-55. [Rec#: 50298] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bruera, E., Spachynski, K., MacEachern, T., and Hanson, J. 

Cognitive failure in cancer patients in clinical trials. 

Lancet 93;341(8839):247-8. [Rec#: 50299] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bruera, E., Strasser, F., Palmer, J. L., Willey, J., Calder, K., 

Amyotte, G., and Baracos, V. Effect of fish oil on 

appetite and other symptoms in patients with advanced 

cancer and anorexia/cachexia: a double-blind, 

placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 

2003;21(1):129-34. [Rec#: 50300] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Bruera, E., Sweeney, C., Willey, J., Palmer, J. L., Tolley, S., 

Rosales, M., and Ripamonti, C. Breast cancer patient 

perception of the helpfulness of a prompt sheet versus a 

general information sheet during outpatient 

consultation: a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of 

Pain & Symptom Management 2003;25(5):412-9. 

[Rec#: 50303] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Brugha TS. Depression in the terminally ill. Br J Hosp Med 

93;50(4):175, 177-81. [Rec#: 9849] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Brumley RD. Future of end-of-life care: the managed care 

organization perspective. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(2):263-70. [Rec#: 884] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brummel-Smith K, London MR, Drew N, Krulewitch H, 

Singer C, and Hanson L. Outcomes of pain in frail older 

adults with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2002;50(11):1847-51. [Rec#: 50009] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Brundage MD, Feldman-Stewart D, Cosby R, Gregg R, 

Dixon P, Youssef Y, and Mackillop WJ. Cancer 

patients' attitudes toward treatment options for advanced 

non-small cell lung cancer: implications for patient 

education and decision support. Patient Educ Couns 

2001;45(2):149-57. [Rec#: 886] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-23 

Brundage, M., Leis, A., Bezjak, A., Feldman-Stewart, D., 

Degner, L., Velji, K., Zetes-Zanatta, L., Tu, D., Ritvo, 

P., and Pater, J. Cancer patients' preferences for 

communicating clinical trial quality of life information: 

a qualitative study. Quality of Life Research 

2003;12(4):395-404. [Rec#: 50308] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Bruner DW. Cost-effectiveness and palliative care. Semin 

Oncol Nurs 98;14(2):164-7. [Rec#: 9853] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Brusamolino E and Surbone A. Telling the truth to the 

patient with cancer. A cross-cultural dialogue. Ann N Y 

Acad Sci 97;809:411-21. [Rec#: 9854] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brushwood DB. From confrontation to collaboration: 

collegial accountability and the expanding role of 

pharmacists in the management of chronic pain. J Law 

Med Ethics 2001;29(1):69-93. [Rec#: 9855] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Brushwood DB. Maximizing the value of electronic 

prescription monitoring programs. J Law Med Ethics 

2003;31(1):41-54. [Rec#: 9856] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Buccheri GF, Ferrigno D, Tamburini M, and Brunelli C. The 

patient's perception of his own quality of life might have 

an adjunctive prognostic significance in lung cancer. 

Lung Cancer 95;12(1-2):45-58. [Rec#: 30694] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Buchanan A and Tan RS. Congestive heart failure in elderly 

patients. The treatment goal is improved quality, not 

quantity, of life. Postgrad Med 97;102(4):207-8, 211-5. 

Comment in: Postgrad Med. 1998 Feb;103(2):25-6. 

PMID: 9479305. [Rec#: 30696] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Buchanan RJ. Medicaid policies for the hospice care needed 

by people with Alzheimer's disease. J Health Hum Serv 

Adm 98;20(3):348-88. [Rec#: 896] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Buchman TG, Cassell J, Ray SE, and Wax ML. Who should 

manage the dying patient?: Rescue, shame, and the 

surgical ICU dilemma. J Am Coll Surg 

2002;194(5):665-73. [Rec#: 9863] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Buchman TG, Ray SE, Wax ML, Cassell J, Rich D, and 

Niemczycki MA. Families' perceptions of surgical 

intensive care. J Am Coll Surg 2003;196(6):977-83. 

[Rec#: 9864] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Buck J. Home hospice versus home health: cooperation, 

competition, and cooptation. Nurs Hist Rev 

2004;12:25-46. [Rec#: 9866] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Buckle S. Aromatherapy and massage: the evidence. 

Paediatr Nurs 2003;15(6):24-7. [Rec#: 9867] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Buckle, S. Aromatherapy and massage: the evidence. 

Paediatric Nursing 2003;15(6):24-7. [Rec#: 50310] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Buckley J. Holism and a health-promoting approach to 

palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(10):505-8. 

[Rec#: 9868] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Buckman R. Communication skills in palliative care: a 

practical guide. Neurol Clin 2001;19(4):989-1004. 

[Rec#: 9870] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Buckwalter GL. Addressing the spiritual & religious needs of 

persons with profound memory loss. Home Healthc 

Nurse 2003;21(1):20-4. [Rec#: 9873] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Buechner JS. Trends and patterns in place of death, 

1989-2000. Med Health R I 2002;85(9):289-90. 

[Rec#: 40467] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Buehler DA. CQ sources/bibliography. Camb Q Healthc 

Ethics 98;7(1):88-9. [Rec#: 9875] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bulkin W and Lukashok H. Training physicians to care for 

the dying. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 91;8(2):10-5. 

[Rec#: 9878] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Bullinger M. Quality of life assessment in palliative care. J 

Palliat Care 92;8(3):34-9. [Rec#: 9881] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Bunn PA Jr and Kelly K. New chemotherapeutic agents 

prolong survival and improve quality of life in 

non-small cell lung cancer: a review of the literature and 

future directions. Clin Cancer Res 98;4(5):1087-100. 

[Rec#: 30714] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bunn PA Jr. Chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung 

cancer: who, what, when, why? J Clin Oncol 

2002;20(18 Suppl):23S-33S. [Rec#: 9888] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-24 

Buntin MB and Huskamp H. What is known about the 

economics of end-of-life care for medicare 

beneficiaries? Gerontologist 2002;42 Spec No 3:40-8. 

[Rec#: 913] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Burack OR and Chichin ER. A support group for nursing 

assistants: caring for nursing home residents at the end 

of life. Geriatr Nurs 2001;22(6):299-305; quiz 306-7. 

[Rec#: 914] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Burch PL and Hunter KA. Pharmaceutical care applied to the 

hospice setting: a cancer pain model. Hosp J 

96;11(3):55-69. Comment in: Hosp J. 1997;12(3):1-3. 

PMID: 9256683. [Rec#: 9891] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Burge F, Johnston G, Lawson B, Dewar R, and Cummings I. 

Population-based trends in referral of the elderly to a 

comprehensive palliative care programme. Palliat Med 

2002;16(3):255-6. [Rec#: 916] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Burge F, Lawson B, and Johnston G. Trends in the place of 

death of cancer patients, 1992-1997. CMAJ 

2003;168(3):265-70. [Rec#: 918] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Burge F, McIntyre P, Kaufman D, Cummings I, Frager G, 

and Pollett A. Family Medicine residents' knowledge 

and attitudes about end-of-life care. J Palliat Care 

2000;16(3):5-12. Erratum in: J Palliat Care 2001 

Summer;17(2):85. [Rec#: 9896] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Burge F, McIntyre P, Twohig P, Cummings I, Kaufman D, 

Frager G, and Pollett A. Palliative care by family 

physicians in the 1990s. Resilience amid reform. Can 

Fam Physician 2001;47:1989-95. [Rec#: 920] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Burge F. The epidemiology of palliative care in cancer. J 

Palliat Care 92;8(1):18-23. [Rec#: 9895] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Burge FI. Dehydration and provision of fluids in palliative 

care. What is the evidence? Can Fam Physician 

96;42:2383-8. [Rec#: 9897] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Burge FI. Dehydration symptoms of palliative care cancer 

patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 93;8(7):454-64. 

[Rec#: 921] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Burge FI. Medical care of the dying. Where do family 

physicians fit in? Can Fam Physician 95;41:376-8. 

[Rec#: 9898] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Burgess D. Denial and terminal illness. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 94;11(2):46-8. [Rec#: 9899] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Burgess JR, Shepherd JJ, Murton FJ, Parameswaran V, and 

Greenaway TM. Effective control of bone pain by 

octreotide in a patient with metastatic gastrinoma. Med 

J Aust 96;164(12):725-7. [Rec#: 925] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Burgio, L., Stevens, A., Guy, D., Roth, D. L., and Haley, W. 

E. Impact of two psychosocial interventions on white and 

African American family caregivers of individuals with 

dementia. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):568-79. [Rec#: 

50915] 

In abstract review process 

Burke C and Gerraughty SM. An oncology unit's initiation of 

a bereavement support program. Oncol Nurs Forum 

94;21(10):1675-80. Comment in: Oncol Nurs Forum. 

1995 Oct;22(9):1333. PMID: 8539174. [Rec#: 9900] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Burkett TM, Boone, Smith, Davis, Hurst, and Dickman. An 

Oklahoma perspective: end-of-life decision-making and 

termination of treatment. J Okla State Med Assoc 

2001;94(8):334-42. [Rec#: 9905] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Burman ME, Steffes M, and Weinert C. Cancer home care in 

Montana. Home Health Care Serv Q 93;14(2-3):37-52. 

[Rec#: 9906] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Burman R. Generic palliative care. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

97;6(1):8-10. [Rec#: 9907] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Burnard P. The psychosocial needs of people with HIV and 

AIDS: a view from nurse educators and counsellors. J 

Adv Nurs 93;18(11):1779-86. [Rec#: 9910] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Burnett P, Middleton W, Raphael B, and Martinek N. 

Measuring core bereavement phenomena. Psychol Med 

97;27(1):49-57. [Rec#: 932] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Burns JP, Edwards J, Johnson J, Cassem NH, and Truog RD. 

Do-not-resuscitate order after 25 years. Crit Care Med 

2003;31(5):1543-50. Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2003 

May;31(5):1593-5. PMID: 12771647. [Rec#: 9915] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-25 

Burns S. The spirituality of dying. Pastoral care's holistic 

approach is crucial in hospice. Health Prog 

91;72(7):48-52, 54. [Rec#: 9918] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Burns SS. Spiritual care at the end of life. Hospice uses 

teamwork to address spiritual and physical needs. 

Health Prog 98;79(3):45-6, 49. [Rec#: 9919] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Burns, R. B., McCarthy, E. P., Moskowitz, M. A., Ash, A., 

Kane, R. L., and Finch, M. Outcomes for older men and 

women with congestive heart failure. Journal of the 

American Geriatric Society 97;45(3):276-80. 

[Rec#: 50311] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Burns, R., Nichols, L. O., Martindale-Adams, J., Graney, M. 

J., and Lummus, A. Primary care interventions for 

dementia caregivers: 2-year outcomes from the REACH 

study. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):547-55. [Rec#: 50916] 

In abstract review process 

Burrs FA. The African American experience: breaking the 

barriers to hospices. Hosp J 95;10(2):15-8. 

[Rec#: 9923] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Burt RA. The limitations of protocols for end-of-life care. 

Respir Care 2000;45(12):1523-9; discussion 1529-33. 

[Rec#: 9924] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Burton LC, German PS, Gruber-Baldini AL, Hebel JR, 

Zimmerman S, and Magaziner J. Medical care for 

nursing home residents: differences by dementia status. 

Epidemiology of Dementia in Nursing Homes Research 

Group. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(2):142-7. 

[Rec#: 940] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Burton R. Spiritual pain: a brief overview and an initial 

response within the Christian tradition. J Pastoral Care 

Counsel 2003;57(4):437-46. [Rec#: 9928] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Bush E. The use of human touch to improve the well-being 

of older adults. A holistic nursing intervention. J Holist 

Nurs 2001;19(3):256-70. [Rec#: 942] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Butcher HK, Holkup PA, and Buckwalter KC. The 

experience of caring for a family member with 

Alzheimer's disease. West J Nurs Res 

2001;23(1):33-55. [Rec#: 946] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Butters E, Higginson I, George R, and McCarthy M. 

Palliative care for people with HIV/AIDS: views of 

patients, carers and providers. AIDS Care 

93;5(1):105-16. [Rec#: 9940] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Butters, E., Higginson, I., Wade, A., McCarthy, M., George, 

R., and Smits, A. Community HIV/AIDS teams. Health 

Trends 91;23(2):59-62. [Rec#: 50313] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Butterworth AM. Reality check: 10 barriers to advance 

planning. Nurse Pract 2003;28(5):42-3. [Rec#: 9941] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Butticaz G, Zulian GB, Preumont M, and Budtz-Jorgensen E. 

Evaluation of a nystatin-containing mouth rinse for 

terminally ill patients in palliative care. J Palliat Care 

2003;19(2):95-9. [Rec#: 951] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Byass R. Auditing complementary therapies in palliative 

care: the experience of the day-care massage service at 

Mount Edgcumbe Hospice. Complement Ther Nurs 

Midwifery 99;5(2):51-60. [Rec#: 9943] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Bylewski CM, Beardi LY, O'Brien-McKenna AM, and 

Thomas SL. Care-givers' support group: one hospice's 

approach. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(2):44-8. 

[Rec#: 956] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Byock I, Norris K, Curtis JR, and Patrick DL. Improving 

end-of-life experience and care in the community: a 

conceptual framework. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;22(3):759-72. [Rec#: 9951] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Byock I. Completing the continuum of cancer care: 

integrating life-prolongation and palliation. CA Cancer 

J Clin 2000;50(2):123-32. Comment in: CA Cancer J 

Clin. 2000 Mar-Apr;50(2):68-9. PMID: 10870486. 

[Rec#: 9944] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Byock IR and Merriman MP. Measuring quality of life for 

patients with terminal illness: the Missoula-VITAS 

quality of life index. Palliat Med 98;12(4):231-44. 

[Rec#: 960] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Byock IR. End-of-life care: a public health crisis and an 

opportunity for managed care. Am J Manag Care 

2001;7(12):1123-32. Comment in: Am J Manag Care. 

2001 Dec;7(12):1162-4. PMID: 11767302. [Rec#: 957] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-26 

Byock, I. R. The nature of suffering and the nature of 

opportunity at the end of life. Clin Geriatr Med 

96;12(2):237-52. [Rec#: 50859] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Byock, I. R., Teno, J. M., and Field, M. J. Measuring quality 

of care at life's end. Journal of Pain & Symptom 

Management 99;17(2):73-4. [Rec#: 50314] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Byrd L. Terminal dementia in the elderly. Awareness leads 

to more appropriate care. Adv Nurse Pract 

2003;11(9):65-8, 72. [Rec#: 961] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Byrne GJ and Raphael B. A longitudinal study of 

bereavement phenomena in recently widowed elderly 

men. Psychol Med 94;24(2):411-21. [Rec#: 964] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Byrne GJ and Raphael B. Depressive symptoms and 

depressive episodes in recently widowed older men. Int 

Psychogeriatr 99;11(1):67-74. [Rec#: 963] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Byrne GJ, Raphael B, and Arnold E. Alcohol consumption 

and psychological distress in recently widowed older 

men. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 99;33(5):740-7. 

[Rec#: 966] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Byszewski AM, Graham ID, Amos S, Man-Son-Hing M, 

Dalziel WB, Marshall S, Hunt L, Bush C, and Guzman 

D. A continuing medical education initiative for 

canadian primary care physicians: the driving and 

dementia toolkit: a pre- and postevaluation of 

knowledge, confidence gained, and satisfaction. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 2003;51(10):1484-9. [Rec#: 9959] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cable DG. Caring for the terminally ill: communicating with 

patients and family. Henry Ford Hosp Med J 

91;39(2):85-8. [Rec#: 9961] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cadd A, Keatinge D, Henssen M, O'Brien L, Parker D, Rohr 

Y, Schneider J, and Thompson J. Assessment and 

documentation of bowel care management in palliative 

care: incorporating patient preferences into the care 

regimen. J Clin Nurs 2000;9(2):228-35. [Rec#: 969] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Caddow P and Grayson G. A team to ensure sensitive 

continuing care. Setting up a symptom control/support 

team. Prof Nurse 92;7(11):719-20, 722-4. [Rec#: 9962] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cain J, Stacy L, Jusenius K, and Figge D. The quality of 

dying: financial, psychological, and ethical dilemmas. 

Obstet Gynecol 90;76(1):149-52. [Rec#: 9964] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cain JM and Hammes BJ. Ethics and pain management: 

respecting patient wishes. J Pain Symptom Manage 

94;9(3):160-5. [Rec#: 9968] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cain JM. Practical aspects of hospice care at home. Best 

Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2001;15(2):305-11. 

[Rec#: 9966] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cairns AB. Spirituality and religiosity in palliative care. 

Home Healthc Nurse 99;17(7):450-5. [Rec#: 9969] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Calam B, Far S, and Andrew R. Discussions of "code status" 

on a family practice teaching ward: what barriers do 

family physicians face? CMAJ 2000;163(10):1255-9. 

[Rec#: 9974] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Calder K, Glajchen M, and Blum D. Patient advocacy in 

cancer pain relief: the Cancer Care model. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 93;8(6):381-4. [Rec#: 9975] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Caldwell J and Scott JP. Effective hospice volunteers: 

demographic and personality characteristics. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 94;11(2):40-5. [Rec#: 976] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Califf RM, Vidaillet H, and Goldman L. Advanced 

congestive heart failure: What do patients want? Am 

Heart J 98;135(6 Pt 2 Su):S320-6. [Rec#: 30759] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Calkins, D. R., Davis, R. B., Reiley, P., Phillips, R. S., Pineo, 

K. L., Delbanco, T. L., and Iezzoni, L. I. 

Patient-physician communication at hospital discharge 

and patients' understanding of the postdischarge 

treatment plan. Archives of Internal Medicine 

97;157(9):1026-30. [Rec#: 50315] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Callahan D and Parens E. The ends of medicine: shaping 

new goals. Bull N Y Acad Med 95;72(1):95-117. 

Comment in: Bull N Y Acad Med. 1995 

Winter;72(2):540-1. PMID: 10101389. [Rec#: 9990] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Callahan D. International perspectives. Hastings Cent Rep 

98;28(1):45-6. [Rec#: 9986] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Callahan D. Necessity, futility, and the good society. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 94;42(8):866-7. [Rec#: 9987] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Callahan D. Terminating life-sustaining treatment of the 

demented. Hastings Cent Rep 95;25(6):25-31. 

[Rec#: 9989] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-27 

Callahan HE. Families dealing with advanced heart failure: a 

challenge and an opportunity. Crit Care Nurs Q 

2003;26(3):230-43. [Rec#: 30764] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Callanan M. Dealing with death. Farewell messages. Am J 

Nurs 94;94(5):19-20. Comment in: Am J Nurs. 1994 

Aug;94(8):19. PMID: 8093176. [Rec#: 9994] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Camberg LC, Smith NE, Beaudet M, Daley J, Cagan M, and 

Thibault G. Discharge destination and repeat 

hospitalizations. Med Care 97;35(8):756-67. 

[Rec#: 50010] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Campagnutta E, Cannizzaro R, Gallo A, Zarrelli A, Valentini 

M, De Cicco M, and Scarabelli C. Palliative treatment 

of upper intestinal obstruction by gynecological 

malignancy: the usefulness of percutaneous endoscopic 

gastrostomy. Gynecol Oncol 96;62(1):103-5. 

[Rec#: 989] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Campbell DE, Lynn J, Louis TA, and Shugarman LR. 

Medicare program expenditures associated with hospice 

use. Ann Intern Med 2004;140(4):269-77. [Rec#: 992] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Campbell ML and Carlson RW. Terminal weaning from 

mechanical ventilation: ethical and practical 

considerations for patient management. Am J Crit Care 

92;1(3):52-6. [Rec#: 10013] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Campbell ML and Field BE. Management of the patient with 

do not resuscitate status: compassion and cost 

containment. Heart Lung 91;20(4):345-8. [Rec#: 998] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Campbell ML, Hoyt JW, and Nelson LJ. HealthCare Ethics 

Forum '94: perspectives on withholding and withdrawal 

of life-support. AACN Clin Issues Crit Care Nurs 

94;5(3):353-9. [Rec#: 10014] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Campbell ML. Managing terminal dyspnea: caring for the 

patient who refuses intubation or ventilation. Dimens 

Crit Care Nurs 96;15(1):4-12; quiz 13. [Rec#: 10009] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Campbell ML. Program assessment through outcomes 

analysis: efficacy of a comprehensive supportive care 

team for end-of-life care. AACN Clin Issues 

96;7(1):159-67. [Rec#: 10010] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Campbell T, Draper S, Reid J, and Robinson L. The 

management of constipation in people with advanced 

cancer. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(3):110-9. 

[Rec#: 10016] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Campbell WB. Non-intervention and palliative care in 

vascular patients. Br J Surg 2000;87(12):1601-2. 

[Rec#: 10017] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Campbell, F. A., Tramer, M. R., Carroll, D., Reynolds, D. J., 

Moore, R. A., and McQuay, H. J. Are cannabinoids an 

effective and safe treatment option in the management 

of pain? A qualitative systematic review. BMJ 

2001;323(7303):13-6. [Rec#: 50117] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Campbell, M. L. and Carlson, R. W. Impact of patient 

consciousness on the intensity of the DNR therapeutic 

plan. American Journal of Critical Care 92;5:339-45. 

[Rec#: 50317] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Campbell, M. L. and Frank, R. R. Experience with an 

end-of-life practice at a university hospital. Critical 

Care Medicine 97;25(1):197-202. [Rec#: 50318] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Campbell, M. Managing terminal dyspnea: caring for the 

patient who refuses intubation or ventilation. 

Dimensions in Critical Care Nursing 96;15(4-13). 

[Rec#: 50316] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Campora E, Naso C, Vitullo MT, Giudici S, Camoirano A, 

Repetto L, and Rosso R. The impact of chemotherapy 

on the quality of life of breast cancer patients. J 

Chemother 92;4(1):59-63. [Rec#: 1002] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Canave-Jimenez F. Innovative practices improve end-of-life 

care. SCI Nurs 2003;20(4):263-5. [Rec#: 1004] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cancer care during the last phase of life. Journal of Clinical 

Oncology 98;16(5):1986-96. [Rec#: 50159] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cancer pain relief and palliative care. Report of a WHO 

Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 

90;804:1-75. [Rec#: 10022] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cantor JC, Blustein J, Carlson MJ, and Gould DA. 

Next-of-kin perceptions of physician responsiveness to 

symptoms of hospitalized patients near death. J Palliat 

Med 2003;6(4):531-41. [Rec#: 1013] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-28 

Cantor, M. D., Braddock, C. H., Derse, A. R., Edwards, D. 

M., Logue, G., Nelson, W., Prudhomme, A., Pearlman, 

R., Reagan, J. E., Wlody, G. S., and Fox, E. 

Do-not-resuscitate orders and medical futility. Archives 

of Internal Medicine 2003;163:2689-2694. 

[Rec#: 50319] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cantwell BM and Ramirez AJ. Doctor-patient 

communication: a study of junior house officers. Med 

Educ 97;31(1):17-21. [Rec#: 1015] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cantwell P, Turco S, Brenneis C, Hanson J, Neumann CM, 

and Bruera E. Predictors of home death in palliative 

care cancer patients. J Palliat Care 2000;16(1):23-8. 

[Rec#: 1016] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Capomolla S, Febo O, Ceresa M, Caporotondi A, Guazzotti 

G, La Rovere M, Ferrari M, Lenta F, Baldin S, 

Vaccarini C, Gnemmi M, Pinna G, Maestri R, Abelli P, 

Verdirosi S, and Cobelli F. Cost/utility ratio in chronic 

heart failure: comparison between heart failure 

management program delivered by day-hospital and 

usual care. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40(7):1259-66. 

Comment in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 May 

21;41(10):1850; author reply 1850-1. PMID: 12767681. 

[Rec#: 50011] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Caraceni A, Cherny N, Fainsinger R, Kaasa S, Poulain P, 

Radbruch L, and De Conno F. Pain measurement tools 

and methods in clinical research in palliative care: 

recommendations of an Expert Working Group of the 

European Association of Palliative Care. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;23(3):239-55. [Rec#: 10035] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Caralis, P. V., Davis, B., Wright, K., and Marcial, E. The 

influence of ethnicity and race on attitudes toward 

advance directives, life-prolonging treatments, and 

euthanasia. Journal of Clinical Ethics 93;4(2):155-65. 

[Rec#: 50320] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cardozo L and Aherns S. Assessing the efficacy of a clinical 

pathway in the management of older patients 

hospitalized with congestive heart failure. J Healthc 

Qual 99;21(3):12-6; quiz 16-7. [Rec#: 50012] 

In abstract review process 

Care for the terminally ill: a life-affirming paradigm. 

Healthc Demand Dis Manag 97;3(2):29-32. 

[Rec#: 10037] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Care of the dying: a Catholic perspective. Part III: Clinical 

context--good palliative care eases the dying process. 

Catholic Health Association. Health Prog 

93;74(4):22-6, 31. [Rec#: 10038] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Care of the dying: a Catholic perspective. Part IV: 

Theological, moral, and pastoral response--the 

transformation of suffering. Catholic Health 

Association. Health Prog 93;74(5):46-54. 

[Rec#: 10039] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Carey I and Forbes K. The experiences of donor families in 

the hospice. Palliat Med 2003;17(3):241-7. 

[Rec#: 10041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Carline JD, Curtis JR, Wenrich MD, Shannon SE, Ambrozy 

DM, and Ramsey PG. Physicians' interactions with 

health care teams and systems in the care of dying 

patients: perspectives of dying patients, family 

members, and health care professionals. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2003;25(1):19-28. [Rec#: 10045] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Carlson J, Youngblood R, Dalton JA, Blau W, and Lindley 

C. Is patient satisfaction a legitimate outcome of pain 

management? J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;25(3):264-75. [Rec#: 10051] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Carlson MC, Brandt J, Steele C, Baker A, Stern Y, and 

Lyketsos CG. Predictor index of mortality in dementia 

patients upon entry into long-term care. J Gerontol A 

Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56(9):M567-70. [Rec#: 30798] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Carlson, R. W. and Shahryar, S. K. Quality of death after 

discontinuation of dialysis. Archives of Internal 

Medicine 95;155(1):13. [Rec#: 50322] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Carrese, J. A. and Rhodes, L. A. Bridging cultural 

differences in medical practice. The case of discussing 

negative information with Navajo patients. Journal of 

General Internal Medicine 2000;15(2):92-6. 

[Rec#: 50324] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Carrese, J. A. and Rhodes, L. A. Western bioethics on the 

Navajo reservation. Benefit or harm? JAMA 

95;274(10):826-9. [Rec#: 50325] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-29 

Carrese, J. A., Mullaney, J. L., Faden, R. R., and Finucane, 

T. E. Planning for death but not serious future illness: 

qualitative study of housebound elderly patients. BMJ 

2002;325(7356):125. [Rec#: 50323] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Carrillo, J. E., Green, A. R., and Betancourt, J. R. 

Cross-cultural primary care: a patient-based approach. 

Annals of Internal Medicine 99;130(10):829-34. 

[Rec#: 50326] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Carroll DS. An audit of place of death of cancer patients in a 

semi-rural Scottish practice. Palliat Med 98;12(1):51-3. 

[Rec#: 10059] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Carroll, D. and Seers, K. Relaxation for the relief of chronic 

pain: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs 98;27(3):476-87. 

[Rec#: 50118] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Carroll, M. L. and Griffin, R. Reframing life's puzzle: 

support for bereaved children. American Journal of 

Hospice & Palliative Care 97;14(5):231-235. 

[Rec#: 50327] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Carson SS and Bach PB. Predicting mortality in patients 

suffering from prolonged critical illness: an assessment 

of four severity-of-illness measures. Chest 

2001;120(3):928-33. [Rec#: 40543] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Carter GT and Miller RG. Comprehensive management of 

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N 

Am 98;9(1):271-84, viii-ix. [Rec#: 10075] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Carter GT, Bednar-Butler LM, Abresch RT, and Ugalde VO. 

Expanding the role of hospice care in amyotrophic 

lateral sclerosis. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

99;16(6):707-10. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 

1999 Nov-Dec;16(6):696-7. PMID: 11094904. 

[Rec#: 10074] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Carter H, MacLeod R, Hicks E, and Carter J. The 

development of funding policies for hospices: is 

casemix-based funding an option? N Z Med J 

99;112(1090):236-9. [Rec#: 10076] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Carter H, McKenna C, MacLeod R, and Green R. Health 

professionals' responses to multiple sclerosis and motor 

neurone disease. Palliat Med 98;12(5):383-94. 

[Rec#: 10077] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Carter H, Mckinlay E, Scott I, Wise D, and MacLeod R. 

Impact of a hospital palliative care service: perspective 

of the hospital staff. J Palliat Care 2002;18(3):160-7. 

[Rec#: 10078] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Carter J. Can hospice care be provided to people who live 

alone? Home Healthc Nurse 96;14(9):710-6. 

[Rec#: 10079] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Carter, C. Hospice residential care center. The first year. 

Kansas Nurse 98;73(3):2-3. [Rec#: 50328] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Cartier, C. From home to hospital and back again: economic 

restructuring, end of life, and the gendered problems of 

place-switching health services. Social Science & 

Medicine 2003;56(11):2289-301. [Rec#: 50329] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cartledge JD and Weller IV. Shared care in HIV and AIDS: 

shifting care or shifting costs? J R Coll Physicians 

Lond 98;32(4):376-9. [Rec#: 10081] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cartwright JC. Nursing homes and assisted living facilities as 

places for dying. Annu Rev Nurs Res 2002;20:231-64. 

[Rec#: 10085] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cartwright-Alcarese F, Sung MW, Brenner B, Zambodla A, 

Geduld A, and Desjardins L. An interdisciplinary 

approach to the provision of patient support resources 

across the oncology care continuum: description of a 

performance improvement project. J Nurs Care Qual 

2003;18(1):61-72; quiz 3 p following 88. [Rec#: 10084] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Casarett D, Kutner JS, Abrahm J, and End-of-Life Care 

Consensus Panel. Life after death: a practical approach 

to grief and bereavement. Ann Intern Med 

2001;134(3):208-15. [Rec#: 10090] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Casarett, D. and Inouye, S. Diagnosis and management of 

delirium near the end of life. Annals of Internal 

Medicine 2001;135(1):32-40. [Rec#: 50330] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cassel CK, Ludden JM, and Moon GM. Perceptions of 

barriers to high-quality palliative care in hospitals. 

Health Aff (Millwood) 2000;19(5):166-72. 

[Rec#: 10102] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cassell EJ. Diagnosing suffering: a perspective. Ann Intern 

Med 99;131(7):531-4. [Rec#: 10104] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-30 

Cassell EJ. The nature of suffering: physical, psychological, 

social, and spiritual aspects. NLN Publ 

92;(15-2461):1-10. [Rec#: 10105] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cassell J, Buchman TG, Streat S, and Stewart RM. Surgeons, 

intensivists, and the covenant of care: administrative 

models and values affecting care at the end of 

life--Updated. Crit Care Med 2003;31(5):1551-7; 

discussion 1557-9. Corrected, republished from: Crit 

Care Med. 2003 Apr;31(4):1263-70. PMID: 12682502. 

[Rec#: 10106] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cassidy J. Innovations in pain management. Catholic 

providers are in the forefront of treating the pain of 

chronic and terminal illness. Health Prog 

99;80(6):22-9. [Rec#: 10108] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cassidy K. Partners in healing: home care, hospice, and 

parish nurses. Home Healthc Nurse 2002;20(3):179-83. 

[Rec#: 10109] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Castle NG. Advance directives in nursing homes: resident 

and facility characteristics. Omega (Westport) 

96-97;34(4):321-32. [Rec#: 40550] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Castro R, Orozco E, Eroza E, Manca MC, Hernandez JJ, and 

Aggleton P. AIDS-related illness trajectories in Mexico: 

findings from a qualitative study in two marginalized 

communities. AIDS Care 98;10(5):583-98. 

[Rec#: 10121] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Cattell E, Arance A, and Middleton M. Assessing outcomes 

in palliative chemotherapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 

2002;3(6):693-700. Erratum in: Expert Opin 

Pharmacother. 2002 Jul;3(7):1029. [Rec#: 10126] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cavalieri TA, Latif W, Ciesielski J, Ciervo CA Jr, and 

Forman LJ. How physicians approach advance care 

planning in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's 

disease. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2002;102(10):541-4. 

[Rec#: 10129] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cawthorn A and Carter A. Aromatherapy and its application 

in cancer and palliative care. Complement Ther Nurs 

Midwifery 2000;6(2):83-6. [Rec#: 10132] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cazzoli, P. A. and Oppenheimer, E. A. Home mechanical 

ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: nasal 

compared to tracheal intermittent positive pressure 

ventilation. Journal of Neurological Science 

96;139:123-128. [Rec#: 50331] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cella DF. Measuring quality of life in palliative care. Semin 

Oncol 95;22(2 Suppl 3):73-81. [Rec#: 10134] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cella DF. Quality of life: the concept. J Palliat Care 

92;8(3):8-13. [Rec#: 10135] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Centeno C, Arnillas P, Hernansanz S, Flores LA, Gomez M, 

and Lopez-Lara F. The reality of palliative care in 

Spain. Palliat Med 2000;14(5):387-94. [Rec#: 10136] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Centeno C, Hernansanz S, Flores LA, Rubiales AS, and 

Lopez-Lara F. Spain: palliative care programs in Spain, 

2000: a national survey. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;24(2):245-51. [Rec#: 10137] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Centers LC. Beyond denial and despair: ALS and our heroic 

potential for hope. J Palliat Care 2001;17(4):259-64. 

[Rec#: 10139] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cepeda MS, Africano JM, Polo R, Alcala R, and Carr DB. 

What decline in pain intensity is meaningful to patients 

with acute pain? Pain 2003;105(1-2):151-7. 

[Rec#: 1130] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cerminara KL. Eliciting patient preferences in today's health 

care system. Psychol Public Policy Law 

98;4(3):688-702. [Rec#: 10140] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Chaitin E, Stiller R, Jacobs S, Hershl J, Grogen T, and 

Weinberg J. Physician-patient relationship in the 

intensive care unit: erosion of the sacred trust? Crit 

Care Med 2003;31(5 Suppl):S367-72. [Rec#: 10146] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Chambers N. The holistic management of pressure sores in 

terminal illness. J Wound Care 97;6(8):359-60. 

[Rec#: 1145] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Chan A and Woodruff RK. Palliative care in a general 

teaching hospital. 1. Assessment of needs. Med J Aust 

91;155(9):597-9. Comment in: Med J Aust. 1992 Mar 

16;156(6):438. PMID: 1372080. [Rec#: 1149] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Chan GK. End-of-life models and emergency department 

care. Acad Emerg Med 2004;11(1):79-86. [Rec#: 1156] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Chan, D. and Brennan, N. Delirium: making the diagnosis, 

improving the prognosis. Geriatrics 99;54(3):28-42. 

[Rec#: 50332] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-31 

Chang BL, Rubenstein LV, Keeler EB, Miura LN, and Kahn 

KL. The validity of a nursing assessment and 

monitoring of signs and symptoms scale in ICU and 

non-ICU patients. Am J Crit Care 96;5(4):298-303. 

[Rec#: 30868] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Chao CS, Chen CH, and Yen M. The essence of spirituality 

of terminally ill patients. J Nurs Res 

2002;10(4):237-45. [Rec#: 1169] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Chao Y, Chan WK, Wang SS, Lai KH, Chi CW, Lin CY, 

Chan A, Whang-Peng J, Lui WY, and Lee SD. Phase II 

study of megestrol acetate in the treatment of 

hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 

97;12(4):277-81. [Rec#: 1170] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Chao, C., Studts, J. L., Abell, T., Hadley, T., Roetzer, L., 

Dineen, S., Lorenz, D., YoussefAgha, A., and 

McMasters, K. M. Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast 

cancer: how presentation of recurrence risk influences 

decision-making. Journal of Clinical Oncology 

2003;21(23):4299-305. [Rec#: 50334] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Chaplin D. A bereavement care service to address 

multicultural user needs. Nurs Times 2003;99(39):26-9. 

[Rec#: 10160] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Chapman CR and Gavrin J. Suffering and its relationship to 

pain. J Palliat Care 93;9(2):5-13. Comment in: J Palliat 

Care. 1993 Summer;9(2):3-4. PMID: 8377068. 

[Rec#: 10162] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Chapman KJ and Pepler C. Coping, hope, and anticipatory 

grief in family members in palliative home care. Cancer 

Nurs 98;21(4):226-34. [Rec#: 1174] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Chapman KY and Bass L. A comparison of hospice in the 

UK and the US. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2000;17(3):173-7. [Rec#: 10163] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Char DF, Tom KS, Young GC, Murakami T, and Ames R. A 

view of death and dying among the Chinese and 

Japanese. Hawaii Med J 96;55(12):286-90, 295. 

[Rec#: 10164] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Charles, C., Gafni, A., and Whelan, T. Shared 

decision-making in the medical encounter: what does it 

mean? (or it takes at least two to tango). Social Science 

& Medicine 97;44(5):681-92. [Rec#: 50335] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Charlton R, Dovey S, and Mizushima Y. Attitudes to death 

and dying in the UK, New Zealand, and Japan. J Palliat 

Care 95;11(1):42-7. [Rec#: 10170] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Charlton R, Field S, Faull C, Campbell I, Harper C, and 

Harper L. The effect of the general practice registrar 

year on perceived skills in palliative care in the West 

Midlands. Med Educ 2000;34(11):928-35. Comment 

in: Med Educ. 2001 Aug;35(8):809. PMID: 11489116. 

Erratum in: Med Educ 2001 Apr;35(4):417-8. 

[Rec#: 1180] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Charlton R, Smith G, White D, Austin C, and Pitts M. Audit 

tools for palliative care services: identification of 

neglected aspects of care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(6):397-402. [Rec#: 10174] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Charlton R. Palliative care in non-cancer patients and the 

neglected caregiver. J Clin Epidemiol 

92;45(12):1447-9. [Rec#: 1179] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Charlton RC. Attitudes towards care of the dying: a 

questionnaire survey of general practice attenders. Fam 

Pract 91;8(4):356-9. [Rec#: 10175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Charlton RC. Spiritual need of the dying and 

bereaved--views from the United Kingdom and New 

Zealand. J Palliat Care 92;8(4):38-40. [Rec#: 1184] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Charnes LS and Moore PS. Meeting patients' spiritual needs: 

the Jewish perspective. Holist Nurs Pract 

92;6(3):64-72. [Rec#: 10176] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Chater S, Viola R, Paterson J, and Jarvis V. Sedation for 

intractable distress in the dying--a survey of experts. 

Palliat Med 98;12(4):255-69. Comment in: Palliat Med. 

1999 May;13(3):262-4. PMID: 10474717. [Rec#: 1188] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Chaves JF. Recent advances in the application of hypnosis to 

pain management. Am J Clin Hypn 94;37(2):117-29. 

[Rec#: 10181] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cheesman S, Christian R, and Cresswell J. Exploring the 

value of shiatsu in palliative care day services. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2001;7(5):234-9. [Rec#: 1192] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-32 

Chelluri L, Grenvik A, and Silverman M. Intensive care for 

critically ill elderly: mortality, costs, and quality of life. 

Review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 

95;155(10):1013-22. [Rec#: 40592] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Chen LK, Chou YC, Hsu PS, Tsai ST, Hwang SJ, Wu BY, 

Lin MH, and Chen TW. Antibiotic prescription for fever 

episodes in hospice patients. Support Care Cancer 

2002;10(7):538-41. [Rec#: 1202] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Chen YC, Lin SF, Liu CJ, Jiang DD, Yang PC, and Chang 

SC. Risk factors for ICU mortality in critically ill 

patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2001;100(10):656-61. 

[Rec#: 40600] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Cheng BK. Cultural clash between providers of majority 

culture and patients of Chinese culture. J Long Term 

Home Health Care 97;16(2):39-43. [Rec#: 10187] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cheng EY. Prospective quality of life research in bony 

metastatic disease. Clin Orthop 2003;(415 

Suppl):S289-97. [Rec#: 10188] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cheng TO. Hospital readmissions for elderly patients with 

congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med 

97;157(12):1393. Comment on: Arch Intern Med. 1997 

Jan 13;157(1):99-104. PMID: 8996046. [Rec#: 50013] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cheng WC, Schuckers PL, Hauser G, Burch J, Emmett JG, 

Walker B, Law E, Wakefield D, Boyle D, Lee M, and et 

al. Psychosocial needs of family caregivers of 

terminally ill patients. Psychol Rep 94;75(3 Pt 

1):1243-50. [Rec#: 1210] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Cheng, C., Roemer-Becuwe, C., and Pereira, J. When 

midazolam fails. Journal of Pain & Symptom 

Management 2002;23(3):256-65. [Rec#: 50336] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Chentsova-Dutton Y, Shucter S, Hutchin S, Strause L, Burns 

K, Dunn L, Miller M, and Zisook S. Depression and 

grief reactions in hospice caregivers: from pre-death to 

1 year afterwards. J Affect Disord 2002;69(1-3):53-60. 

[Rec#: 1212] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cher DJ and Lenert LA. Method of Medicare reimbursement 

and the rate of potentially ineffective care of critically 

ill patients. JAMA 97;278(12):1001-7. Comment in: 

JAMA. 1997 Sep 24;278(12):1025-6. PMID: 9307355. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Mar 4;279(9):651-2; author 

reply 653-4. PMID: 9496973. Comment in: JAMA. 

1998 Mar 4;279(9):651; author reply 653-4. PMID: 

9496972. Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Mar 4;279. 

[Rec#: 1213] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cherin D, Enguidanos S, and Brumley R. Reflection in 

action in caring for the dying: applying organizational 

learning theory to improve communications in terminal 

care. Home Health Care Serv Q 2001;19(4):65-78. 

[Rec#: 10189] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cherin DA, Simmons WJ, and Hillary K. The 

transprofessional model: blending intents in terminal 

care of AIDS. Home Health Care Serv Q 

98;17(1):31-54. [Rec#: 10190] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cherny NI and Catane R. Palliative medicine and the medical 

oncologist. Defining the purview of care. Hematol 

Oncol Clin North Am 96;10(1):1-20. [Rec#: 10192] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cherny NI and Portenoy RK. Sedation in the management of 

refractory symptoms: guidelines for evaluation and 

treatment. J Palliat Care 94;10(2):31-8. [Rec#: 10195] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cherny NI, Catane R, and European Society of Medical 

Oncology Taskforce on Palliative and Supportive Care. 

Attitudes of medical oncologists toward palliative care 

for patients with advanced and incurable cancer: report 

on a survery by the European Society of Medical 

Oncology Taskforce on Palliative and Supportive Care. 

Cancer 2003;98(11):2502-10. [Rec#: 1216] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cherny NI, Coyle N, and Foley KM. Guidelines in the care 

of the dying cancer patient. Hematol Oncol Clin North 

Am 96;10(1):261-86. [Rec#: 10193] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cherny NI, Coyle N, and Foley KM. Suffering in the 

advanced cancer patient: a definition and taxonomy. J 

Palliat Care 94;10(2):57-70. [Rec#: 10194] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-33 

Cherny, N., Ripamonti, C., Pereira, J., Davis, C., Fallon, M., 

McQuay, H., Mercadante, S., Pasternak, G., 

Ventafridda, V., and Expert Working Group of the 

European Association of Palliative Care, Network. 

Strategies to manage the adverse effects of oral 

morphine: an evidence-based report. Journal of Clinical 

Oncology 2001;19(9):2542-54. [Rec#: 50337] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Chertow GM, Christiansen CL, Cleary PD, Munro C, and 

Lazarus JM. Prognostic stratification in critically ill 

patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis. Arch 

Intern Med 95;155(14):1505-11. Comment in: Arch 

Intern Med. 1996 May 13;156(9):1023, 1027. PMID: 

8624168. [Rec#: 40607] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Chervenak FA and McCullough LB. Preventive ethics and 

end-of-life decisions. Womens Health Issues 

96;6(5):304-6. Comment on: Womens Health Issues. 

1996 Sep-Oct;6(5):295-301. PMID: 8870509. 

[Rec#: 10196] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Chessick RD. The death instinct revisited. J Am Acad 

Psychoanal 92;20(1):3-28. [Rec#: 10197] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Chevrier F, Steuer R, and MacKenzie J. Factors affecting 

satisfaction among community-based hospice volunteer 

visitors. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 94;11(4):30-7. 

[Rec#: 10200] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Chibnall JT, Jeral JM, Cerullo M, Knorp JF, and Duckro PN. 

Medical school exposure to spirituality and response to 

a hypothetical cancer patient. J Cancer Educ 

2002;17(4):188-90. [Rec#: 10201] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Chidwick A and Borrill J. Dealing with a life-threatening 

diagnosis: the experience of people with the human 

immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Care 96;8(3):271-84. 

[Rec#: 1232] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Chin, M. H., Wang, J. C., Zhang, J. X., Sachs, G. A., and 

Lang, R. M. Differences among geriatricians, general 

internists, and cardiologists in the care of patients with 

heart failure: a cautionary tale of quality assessment. 

Journal of the American Geriatric Society 

98;46(11):1349-54. [Rec#: 50338] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Chinner TL and Dalziel FR. An exploratory study on the 

viability and efficacy of a pet-facilitated therapy project 

within a hospice. J Palliat Care 91;7(4):13-20. 

[Rec#: 1239] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Chio A, Silani V, and Italian ALS Study Group. 

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis care in Italy: a nationwide 

study in neurological centers. J Neurol Sci 

2001;191(1-2):145-50. [Rec#: 10202] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Chipps J, Grey A, Hilton G, Linford J, Pearce S, and Thomas 

T. The discharge process for palliative care patients. 

Nurs Stand 97;11(42):41-4. [Rec#: 10206] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Chirikos TN. Appraising the economic efficiency of cancer 

treatment: an exploratory analysis of lung cancer. 

Health Care Manag Sci 2003;6(2):87-95. [Rec#: 30920] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Chochinov HM, Hack T, McClement S, Kristjanson L, and 

Harlos M. Dignity in the terminally ill: a developing 

empirical model. Soc Sci Med 2002;54(3):433-43. 

[Rec#: 10210] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, and Lander S. 

Depression, Hopelessness, and suicidal ideation in the 

terminally ill. Psychosomatics 98;39(4):366-70. 

[Rec#: 1255] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Chodosh J, Ferrell BA, Shekelle PG, and Wenger NS. 

Quality indicators for pain management in vulnerable 

elders. Ann Intern Med 2001;135(8 Pt 2):731-5. 

[Rec#: 40621] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Choi YS and Billings JA. Changing perspectives on 

palliative care. Oncology (Huntingt) 

2002;16(4):515-22; discussion 522-7. [Rec#: 10212] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Choi, Y. S. and Billings, J. A. Opioid antagonists: a review 

of their role in palliative care, focusing on use in 

opioid-related constipation. Journal of Pain & 

Symptom Management 2002;24(1):71-90. 

[Rec#: 50339] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Chow E, Fung K, Panzarella T, Bezjak A, Danjoux C, and 

Tannock I. A predictive model for survival in metastatic 

cancer patients attending an outpatient palliative 

radiotherapy clinic. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 

2002;53(5):1291-302. [Rec#: 1267] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-34 

Christ GH and Sormanti M. Advancing social work practice 

in end-of-life care. Soc Work Health Care 

99;30(2):81-99. [Rec#: 10219] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Christakis NA and Escarce JJ. Survival of Medicare patients 

after enrollment in hospice programs. N Engl J Med 

96;335(3):172-8. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 

19;335(25):1925-6; author reply 1926-7. PMID: 

8965916. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 

19;335(25):1926; author reply 1926-7. PMID: 8965917. 

Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1996 Jul 18;335(3):201-2. 

PMID: 8657221. [Rec#: 1277] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Christakis NA and Iwashyna TJ. Attitude and self-reported 

practice regarding prognostication in a national sample 

of internists. Arch Intern Med 98;158(21):2389-95. 

[Rec#: 1278] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Christakis NA and Iwashyna TJ. Impact of individual and 

market factors on the timing of initiation of hospice 

terminal care. Med Care 2000;38(5):528-41. 

[Rec#: 1280] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Christakis NA and Lamont EB. Extent and determinants of 

error in doctors' prognoses in terminally ill patients: 

prospective cohort study. BMJ 2000;320(7233):469-72. 

Comment in: BMJ. 2000 Feb 19;320(7233):472-3. 

PMID: 10722294. Comment in: BMJ. 2000 Feb 

19;320(7233):473. PMID: 10722295. [Rec#: 10223] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Christakis NA. Predicting patient survival before and after 

hospice enrollment. Hosp J 98;13(1-2):71-87. 

[Rec#: 10220] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Christakis NA. Prognostication and bioethics. Daedalus 

99;128(4):197-214. [Rec#: 10221] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Christakis, N. A. and Sachs, G. A. The role of prognosis in 

clinical decision making. Journal of General Internal 

Medicine 96;11(7):422-5. [Rec#: 50340] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Christiaans MH, Kelder JC, Arnoldus EP, and Tijssen CC. 

Prediction of intracranial metastases in cancer patients 

with headache. Cancer 2002;94(7):2063-8. 

[Rec#: 30937] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Chu, W. and Hynes-Gay, P. The influence of DNR orders on 

patient care in adult ICUs: a review of the evidence. 

Dynamics 2002;13(4):14-21. [Rec#: 50119] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Chung ES, Packer M, Lo KH, Fasanmade AA, Willerson JT, 

and Anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart 

Failure Investigators. Randomized, double-blind, 

placebo-controlled, pilot trial of infliximab, a chimeric 

monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in 

patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure: results of 

the anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure 

(ATTACH) trial. Circulation 2003;107(25):3133-40. 

[Rec#: 30949] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Chung K. Brief social work intervention in the hospice 

setting: person-centred work and crisis intervention 

synthesized and distilled. Palliat Med 93;7(1):59-62. 

[Rec#: 10231] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ciccarello GP. Strategies to improve end-of-life care in the 

intensive care unit. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 

2003;22(5):216-22. [Rec#: 10237] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cicirelli VG. Personal meanings of death in older adults and 

young adults in relation to their fears of death. Death 

Stud 2001;25(8):663-83. [Rec#: 1297] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cicirelli VG. Personal meanings of death in relation to fear 

of death. Death Stud 98;22(8):713-33. [Rec#: 1298] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cicirelli VG. Personality and demographic factors in older 

adults' fear of death. Gerontologist 99;39(5):569-79. 

[Rec#: 1299] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cider A, Schaufelberger M, Sunnerhagen KS, and Andersson 

B. Hydrotherapy--a new approach to improve function 

in the older patient with chronic heart failure. Eur J 

Heart Fail 2003;5(4):527-35. [Rec#: 30950] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cimino JE. Palliative care: overview of the major hospice 

movement--some issues and some answers. J Long 

Term Home Health Care 98;17(4):26-32. [Rec#: 10240] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cintron A, Hamel MB, Davis RB, Burns RB, Phillips RS, 

and McCarthy EP. Hospitalization of hospice patients 

with cancer. J Palliat Med 2003;6(5):757-68. 

[Rec#: 1301] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-35 

Ciocon JO, Galindo-Ciocon D, and Galindo DJ. Raised leg 

exercises for leg edema in the elderly. Angiology 

95;46(1):19-25. [Rec#: 30953] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Circle of Life Award winner. A full continuum of hospice 

service: the Hospice of the Florida Suncoast. 

Continuum Soc Soc Work Leadersh Health Care 

2000;20(2):10-1. [Rec#: 10241] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cist, F. M., Truog, R. D., Brackett, S. E., and Hurford, W. E. 

Practice Guidelines on the Withdrawal of 

Life-Sustaining Therapies. International 

Anesthesiology Clinics 2001;39(3). [Rec#: 50341] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Civetta JM. Managing the cancer patient and family. Bull 

Am Coll Surg 94;79(11):25-7. [Rec#: 10244] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Claessens MT, Lynn J, Zhong Z, Desbiens NA, Phillips RS, 

Wu AW, Harrell FE Jr, and Connors AF Jr. Dying with 

lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 

insights from SUPPORT. Study to Understand 

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatments. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S146-53. [Rec#: 1305] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Clare J and De Bellis A. Palliative care in South Australian 

nursing homes. Aust J Adv Nurs 97;14(4):20-8. 

Erratum in: Aust J Adv Nurs 1997 Sep-Nov;15(1):19. 

[Rec#: 10245] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Clark AP. Can we improve the quality of dying in hospitals? 

Clin Nurse Spec 2002;16(4):180-1. [Rec#: 10246] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Clark D, Malson H, Small N, Daniel T, and Mallett K. Needs 

assessment and palliative care: the views of providers. J 

Public Health Med 97;19(4):437-42. [Rec#: 10253] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Clark D, Neale B, and Heather P. Contracting for palliative 

care. Soc Sci Med 95;40(9):1193-202. [Rec#: 10254] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Clark D, Seymour J, Douglas HR, Bath P, Beech N, Corner 

J, Halliday D, Hughes P, Haviland J, Normand C, 

Marples R, Skilbeck J, and Webb T. Clinical nurse 

specialists in palliative care. Part 2. Explaining diversity 

in the organization and costs of Macmillan nursing 

services. Palliat Med 2002;16(5):375-85. [Rec#: 10255] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Clark D, ten Have H, and Janssens R. Common threads? 

Palliative care service developments in seven European 

countries. Palliat Med 2000;14(6):479-90. 

[Rec#: 10256] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Clark DB, Ram MD, MacDonald JS, Rees ED, Engelberg J, 

and Noble RC. How physicians deal with their own 

impending death. South Med J 90;83(4):441-7. 

[Rec#: 10257] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Clark JM, Lurie JD, Claessens MT, Reed VA, Jernstedt GC, 

and Goodlin SG. Factors associated with palliative care 

knowledge among internal medicine house staff. J 

Palliat Care 2003;19(4):253-7. [Rec#: 1314] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Clark, M., Bostwick, J. M., and Rummans, T. A. Group and 

Individual Treatment Strategies for Distress in Cancer 

Patients. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2003;78:1538-1543. 

[Rec#: 50342] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Clarke SP, Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, and Bourassa 

MG. Psychosocial factors as predictors of functional 

status at 1 year in patients with left ventricular 

dysfunction. Res Nurs Health 2000;23(4):290-300. 

[Rec#: 30965] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Claxton JW. Paving the way to acceptance. Psychological 

adaptation to death and dying in cancer. Prof Nurse 

93;8(4):206-11. [Rec#: 10266] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Clay D. Mental health and psychosocial issues in HIV care. 

Lippincotts Prim Care Pract 2000;4(1):74-82. 

[Rec#: 10267] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Clayton J, Butow P, Tattersall M, Chye R, Noel M, Davis 

JM, and Glare P. Asking questions can help: 

development and preliminary evaluation of a question 

prompt list for palliative care patients. Br J Cancer 

2003;89(11):2069-77. [Rec#: 1328] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Clayton PJ. Bereavement and depression. J Clin Psychiatry 

90;51 Suppl:34-8; discussion 39-40. [Rec#: 1330] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-36 

Cleeland CS, Gonin R, Hatfield AK, Edmonson JH, Blum 

RH, Stewart JA, and Pandya KJ. Pain and its treatment 

in outpatients with metastatic cancer. N Engl J Med 

94;330(9):592-6. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1994 Dec 

1;331(22):1528. PMID: 7969315. Comment in: N Engl 

J Med. 1994 Jul 21;331(3):199; author reply 201. 

PMID: 7516494. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1994 Jul 

21;331(3):200; author reply 201. PMID: 8008037. 

Comment in: N En. [Rec#: 1333] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cleeland, C. S., Gonin, R., Baez, L., Loehrer, and Pandya, K. 

J. Pain and treatment of pain in minority patients with 

cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine 97;127:813-816. 

[Rec#: 50343] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cleland JG. Are symptoms the most important target for 

therapy in chronic heart failure? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 

98;41(1 Suppl 1):59-64. [Rec#: 10275] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Clement D. Considering the alternatives. Minn Med 

94;77(2):10-6. Comment in: Minn Med. 1994 

Apr;77(4):2-3. PMID: 8007907. [Rec#: 10276] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Clements PT, Vigil GJ, Manno MS, Henry GC, Wilks J, Das 

Sarthak, Kellywood R, and Foster W. Cultural 

perspectives of death, grief, and bereavement. J 

Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2003;41(7):18-26. 

Comment in: J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2003 

Nov;41(11):8; author reply 8-9. PMID: 14621441. 

[Rec#: 10278] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Clermont G and Angus DC. Severity scoring systems in the 

modern intensive care unit. Ann Acad Med Singapore 

98;27(3):397-403. [Rec#: 10279] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Cline CM, Willenheimer RB, Erhardt LR, Wiklund I, and 

Israelsson BY. Health-related quality of life in elderly 

patients with heart failure. Scand Cardiovasc J 

99;33(5):278-85. [Rec#: 30982] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cline DJ. The psychosocial impact of HIV infection--what 

clinicians can do to help. J Am Acad Dermatol 90;22(6 

Pt 2):1299-302. [Rec#: 10281] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Clingerman EM. Bereavement tasks for nursing students. 

Nurse Educ 96;21(3):19-22. [Rec#: 10282] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Clipp, E. C. and Elder, G. H. Elderly confidants in geriatric 

assessment. Compr Gerontol [B] 87;1(1):35-40. 

[Rec#: 50861] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Closs SJ, Ferguson A, and Thompson D. Collaborating on 

the integration of cancer nursing services. Nurs Stand 

96;10(50):37-40. [Rec#: 10284] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Coackley A, Hutchinson T, Saltmarsh P, Kelly A, Ellershaw 

JE, Marshall E, and Brunston H. Assessment and 

management of fatigue in patients with advanced 

cancer: developing guidelines. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(8):381-8. [Rec#: 10289] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Coady DA and Wynne HA. Are continuing care beds in 

private nursing homes the answer to providing care for 

the longer-term dying? Palliat Med 2001;15(2):155-6. 

[Rec#: 1352] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Coates A. Quality of life and supportive care. Support Care 

Cancer 97;5(6):435-8. [Rec#: 10292] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Coats AJ. Origin of symptoms in patients with cachexia with 

special reference to weakness and shortness of breath. 

Int J Cardiol 2002;85(1):133-9. [Rec#: 30988] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Cochrane J. The experience of uncertainty for individuals 

with HIV/AIDS and the palliative care paradigm. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2003;9(9):382-8. [Rec#: 1358] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Cody CP and Naierman N. Evaluation of the cost 

effectiveness of a collaborative liaison program. Hosp J 

90;6(3):47-61. [Rec#: 10301] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Cody M, Beck C, Shue VM, and Pope S. Reported practices 

of primary care physicians in the diagnosis and 

management of dementia. Aging Ment Health 

2002;6(1):72-6. [Rec#: 50014] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cody WK. The lived experience of grieving for persons 

living with HIV who have used injection drugs. J Assoc 

Nurses AIDS Care 2000;11(3):82-92. [Rec#: 1362] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Cody WK. The lived experience of grieving, for families 

living with AIDS. NLN Publ 94;(15-2670):197-242. 

[Rec#: 1361] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cody WK. The meaning of grieving for families living with 

AIDS. Nurs Sci Q 95;8(3):104-14. [Rec#: 1363] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-37 

Coe RM and Miller DK. Communication between the 

hospitalized older patient and physician. Clin Geriatr 

Med 2000;16(1):109-18, x. [Rec#: 1365] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Coetzee RH, Leask SJ, and Jones RG. The attitudes of carers 

and old age psychiatrists towards the treatment of 

potentially fatal events in end-stage dementia. Int J 

Geriatr Psychiatry 2003;18(2):169-73. [Rec#: 1367] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cohen CA, Colantonio A, and Vernich L. Positive aspects of 

caregiving: rounding out the caregiver experience. Int J 

Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17(2):184-8. [Rec#: 30999] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cohen CA, Pringle D, and LeDuc L. Dementia caregiving: 

the role of the primary care physician. Can J Neurol Sci 

2001;28 Suppl 1:S72-6. [Rec#: 50016] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cohen CA. Caregivers for people with dementia. What is the 

family physician's role? Can Fam Physician 

2000;46:376-80. [Rec#: 50015] 

In abstract review process 

Cohen IL. Establishing and justifying specialized teams in 

intensive care units for nutrition, ventilator 

management, and palliative care. Crit Care Clin 

93;9(3):511-20. [Rec#: 10306] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cohen LM, Germain MJ, and Poppel DM. Practical 

considerations in dialysis withdrawal: "to have that 

option is a blessing". JAMA 2003;289(16):2113-9. 

Comment in: JAMA. 2003 Aug 13;290(6):815. PMID: 

12915435. [Rec#: 1371] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cohen LM, Poppel DM, Cohn GM, and Reiter GS. A very 

good death: measuring quality of dying in end-stage 

renal disease. J Palliat Med 2001;4(2):167-72. 

Comment in: J Palliat Med. 2001 Summer;4(2):149-51. 

PMID: 11441622. [Rec#: 1374] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Cohen MH, Anderson AJ, Krasnow SH, Spagnolo SV, 

Citron ML, Payne M, and Fossieck BE Jr. Continuous 

intravenous infusion of morphine for severe dyspnea. 

South Med J 91;84(2):229-34. [Rec#: 1379] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Cohen SR and Leis A. What determines the quality of life of 

terminally ill cancer patients from their own 

perspective? J Palliat Care 2002;18(1):48-58. 

[Rec#: 1383] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Cohen SR and Mount BM. Living with cancer: "good" days 

and "bad" days--what produces them? Can the McGill 

quality of life questionnaire distinguish between them? 

Cancer 2000;89(8):1854-65. [Rec#: 10314] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cohen SR and Mount BM. Quality of life in terminal illness: 

defining and measuring subjective well-being in the 

dying. J Palliat Care 92;8(3):40-5. [Rec#: 1384] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cohen SR, Mount BM, Strobel MG, and Bui F. The McGill 

Quality of Life Questionnaire: a measure of quality of 

life appropriate for people with advanced disease. A 

preliminary study of validity and acceptability. Palliat 

Med 95;9(3):207-19. [Rec#: 1385] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Cohen SR, Steiner W, and Mount BM. Phototherapy in the 

treatment of depression in the terminally ill. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 94;9(8):534-6. [Rec#: 1386] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Cohen, S. R., Hassan, S. A., Lapointe, B. J., and Mount, B. 

M. Quality of life in HIV disease as measured by the 

McGill quality of life questionnaire. AIDS 

96;10(12):1421-7. [Rec#: 50863] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Cohen, S. R., Mount, B. M., and MacDonald, N. Defining 

quality of life. European Journal of Cancer 

96;32A(5):753-4. [Rec#: 50345] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cohen-Almagor R. Language and reality at the end of life. J 

Law Med Ethics 2000;28(3):267-78. Comment in: J 

Law Med Ethics. 2000 Fall;28(3):279-84. PMID: 

11210380. [Rec#: 10304] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cohen-Mansfield J and Lipson S. Medical decisions for 

troubled breathing in nursing home residents. Int J Nurs 

Stud 2002;39(5):557-61. [Rec#: 1377] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cohen-Mansfield J, Marx MS, Lipson S, and Werner P. 

Predictors of mortality in nursing home residents. J 

Clin Epidemiol 99;52(4):273-80. [Rec#: 1378] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Cohen-Mansfield J, Werner P, and Freedman L. Sleep and 

agitation in agitated nursing home residents: an 

observational study. Sleep 95;18(8):674-80. 

[Rec#: 31005] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cohen-Mansfield J. Nonpharmacologic interventions for 

inappropriate behaviors in dementia: a review, 

summary, and critique. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2001;9(4):361-81. [Rec#: 31003] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-38 

Cohodes DR. Through the looking glass: decision making 

and chemotherapy. Health Aff (Millwood) 

95;14(4):203-8. [Rec#: 10317] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Coia LR, Owen JB, Maher EJ, and Hanks GE. Factors 

affecting treatment patterns of radiation oncologists in 

the United States in the palliative treatment of cancer. 

Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 92;4(1):6-10. [Rec#: 1388] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Coia LR. Palliative radiation therapy in the United States. 

Can J Oncol 96;6 Suppl 1:62-8; discussion 84. 

[Rec#: 10318] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Cole DJ. The reversibility of death. J Med Ethics 

92;18(1):26-30; discussion 31-3. [Rec#: 10322] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cole EJ. The near death experience. Intensive Crit Care 

Nurs 93;9(3):157-61. [Rec#: 10323] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cole R. Meditation in palliative care--a practical tool for 

self-management. Palliat Med 97;11(5):411-3. 

[Rec#: 10325] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Coleman, E. A. Falling through the cracks: challenges and 

opportunities for improving transitional care for persons 

with continuous complex care needs. Journal of the 

American Geriatrics Society 2003;51(4):549-55. 

[Rec#: 50347] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Coleman, E. A., Boult, C., and American Geriatrics Society 

Health Care Systems, Committee. Improving the quality 

of transitional care for persons with complex care needs. 

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

2003;51(4):556-7. [Rec#: 50348] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Coleman, E. A., Grothaus, L. C., Sandhu, N., and Wagner, E. 

H. Chronic care clinics: a randomized controlled trial of 

a new model of primary care for frail older adults.[see 

comment]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

99;47(7):775-83. [Rec#: 50349] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Collaud T and Rapin CH. Dehydration in dying patients: 

study with physicians in French-speaking Switzerland. 

J Pain Symptom Manage 91;6(4):230-40. [Rec#: 10331] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

College of Family Physicians, Canada's Palliative Care 

Committee. What is happening in palliative care? Can 

Fam Physician 2001;47:2065-6, 2072-3. [Rec#: 10332] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Collier K, Orme K, and Sellers JB. How do you help family 

members of patients with cancer prepare for end-of-life 

care at home? ONS News 97;12(8):3, 10. 

[Rec#: 10333] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Collins C and Ogle K. Patterns of predeath service use by 

dementia patients with a family caregiver. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 94;42(7):719-22. [Rec#: 1404] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Collins, J., Shimoyama, N., Bruera, E., Takeda, F., Kakizoe, 

T., and Sugimura, T. Report of the Fourteenth 

International Symposium of the Foundation for 

Promotion of Cancer Research: Pain Control, Palliative 

Medicine and Psycho-oncology. Japanese Journal of 

Clinical Oncology 2001;31(9):459-68. [Rec#: 50350] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Collopy BJ. The moral underpinning of the proxy-provider 

relationship: issues of trust and distrust. J Law Med 

Ethics 99;27(1):37-45. [Rec#: 10336] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Colombo M and Sangiovanni A. The European approach to 

hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 

2002;49(43):12-6. [Rec#: 10337] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Colombo N, Parma G, Bocciolone L, Franchi D, Sideri M, 

and Maggioni A. Medical therapy of advanced 

malignant epithelial tumours of the ovary. Forum 

(Genova) 2000;10(4):323-32. [Rec#: 10338] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Colon KM. Bearing the bad news. Minn Med 95;78(2):10-4. 

Comment in: Minn Med. 1995 Feb;78(2):5. PMID: 

7534377. [Rec#: 10339] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Colquhoun JP. Battles fought; battles lost. Aust Fam 

Physician 90;19(12):1860-1. [Rec#: 10340] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Coluccio, M. and Maguire, P. Collaborative practice: 

becoming a reality through primary nursing. Nursing 

Administration Quarterly 83;7(4):59-63. [Rec#: 50351] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Coluzzi PH, Grant M, Doroshow JH, Rhiner M, Ferrell B, 

and Rivera L. Survey of the provision of supportive care 

services at National Cancer Institute-designated cancer 

centers. J Clin Oncol 95;13(3):756-64. [Rec#: 10346] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-39 

Coluzzi PH, Schwartzberg L, Conroy JD, Charapata S, Gay 

M, Busch MA, Chavez J, Ashley J, Lebo D, McCracken 

M, and Portenoy RK. Breakthrough cancer pain: a 

randomized trial comparing oral transmucosal fentanyl 

citrate (OTFC) and morphine sulfate immediate release 

(MSIR). Pain 2001;91(1-2):123-30. [Rec#: 1414] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Coluzzi PH. Cancer pain management: newer perspectives 

on opioids and episodic pain. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

98;15(1):13-22. [Rec#: 10345] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Colyer H. Women's experience of living with cancer. J Adv 

Nurs 96;23(3):496-501. [Rec#: 10347] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Comas-Diaz L and Jacobsen FM. Politics and South African 

mental health: hope, truth, and reconciliation. Cult 

Divers Ment Health 96;2(2):133-8. [Rec#: 10348] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Comley AL and DeMeyer E. Assessing patient satisfaction 

with pain management through a continuous quality 

improvement effort. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;21(1):27-40. [Rec#: 1416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Conley VM and Burman ME. Informational needs of 

caregivers of terminal patients in a rural state. Home 

Healthc Nurse 97;15(11):808-17. [Rec#: 1426] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Conn, D. K. and Lieff, S. Diagnosing and managing delirium 

in the elderly. Canadian Family Physician 

2001;47:101-108. [Rec#: 50352] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Connolly M. Palliative care. Partners in care. Nurs Times 

94;90(44):58-61. [Rec#: 10364] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Connolly M. Patients with non-malignant disease deserve an 

equitable service. Int J Palliat Nurs 2000;6(2):91-3. 

[Rec#: 10365] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Connor S and Adams J. Caregiving at the end of life. 

Hastings Cent Rep 2003;Suppl:S8-9. [Rec#: 10366] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Connor, S. R. and McMaster, J. K. Hospice, bereavement 

intervention and use of health care services by surviving 

spouses. HMO Practice 96;10(1):20-3. [Rec#: 50353] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Connors P. Should relatives be allowed in the resuscitation 

room? Nurs Stand 96;10(44):42-4. [Rec#: 10368] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Connors, R. B. Jr. and Smith, M. L. Religious insistence on 

medical treatment. Christian theology and 

re-imagination. Hastings Center Report 96;26(4):23-30. 

[Rec#: 50354] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Conrad M. When it's time to say 'good-bye'. Contemp 

Longterm Care 2002;25(12):30. [Rec#: 10369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Constantino RE and Bricker PL. Nursing postvention for 

spousal survivors of suicide. Issues Ment Health Nurs 

96;17(2):131-52. [Rec#: 10370] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Continuum improves CHF patient education. Hosp Case 

Manag 99;7(2):29-32. [Rec#: 50017] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cook AM, Finlay IG, and Butler-Keating RJ. Recruiting into 

palliative care trials: lessons learnt from a feasibility 

study. Palliat Med 2002;16(2):163-5. [Rec#: 10372] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cook D, Rocker G, and Heyland D. Dying in the ICU: 

strategies that may improve end-of-life care: [Mourir a 

l'USI : les strategies qui peuvent ameliorer les soins en 

fin de vie]. Can J Anaesth 2004;51(3):266-272. 

[Rec#: 1445] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Cook DJ, Doolittle GC, and Whitten PS. Administrator and 

provider perceptions of the factors relating to 

programme effectiveness in implementing telemedicine 

to provide end-of-life care. J Telemed Telecare 2001;7 

Suppl 2:17-9. [Rec#: 10379] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Cooke MA. The challenge of hospice nursing in the 90's. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 92;9(1):34-7. [Rec#: 10381] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cooke S, Wakefiel A, Chew-Graham C, and Boggis C. 

Collaborative training in breaking bad news to patients. 

J Interprof Care 2003;17(3):307-9. [Rec#: 10384] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cooke, D. D., McNally, L., Mulligan, K. T., Harrison, M. J., 

and Newman, S. P. Psychosocial interventions for 

caregivers of people with dementia: a systematic 

review. Aging Ment Health 2001;5(2):120-35. 

[Rec#: 50120] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Cooksley VG. Aromatherapy treatments for the respiratory 

system. Aromatherapy: A Lifetime Guide to Healing 

with Essential Oils 1996;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50355] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-40 

Cooley C. Communication skills in palliative care. Prof 

Nurse 2000;15(9):603-5. [Rec#: 10385] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cooley ME. Bereavement care. A role for nurses. Cancer 

Nurs 92;15(2):125-9. [Rec#: 10386] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cooley ME. Quality of life in persons with non-small cell 

lung cancer: a concept analysis. Cancer Nurs 

98;21(3):151-61. [Rec#: 31064] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cooley ME. Symptoms in adults with lung cancer. A 

systematic research review. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2000;19(2):137-53. [Rec#: 31065] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Coolican MB and Pearce T. After care bereavement program. 

Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 95;7(3):519-27. 

[Rec#: 10388] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Coolican MB. After the loss--offering families something 

more. Nursing 94;24(6):60-2. [Rec#: 10387] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cooney JP Jr, Landers GM, and Williams JM. Hospital 

executive leadership: a critical component for 

improving care at the end of life. Hosp Top 

2002;80(3):25-9. [Rec#: 10393] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cooper JK, Weber JA, Evans P, and Juozapavicius K. 

End-of-life decisions: physicians as advocates for 

advance directives. J Am Osteopath Assoc 

2001;101(10):571-5. [Rec#: 1449] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cope D. Addressing patients' end-of-life needs: the role of 

the oncology nurse. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2002;6(1):50-1. 

[Rec#: 10402] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Copp G and Dunn V. Frequent and difficult problems 

perceived by nurses caring for the dying in community, 

hospice and acute care settings. Palliat Med 

93;7(1):19-25. [Rec#: 10407] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Coppola KM, Danks JH, Ditto PH, and Smucker WD. 

Perceived benefits and burdens of life-sustaining 

treatments: differences among elderly adults, 

physicians, and young adults. J Ethics Law Aging 

98;4(1):3-13. [Rec#: 1454] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cordes ME and Brueggen C. Diffuse malignant pleural 

mesothelioma: Part II. Symptom management. Clin J 

Oncol Nurs 2003;7(5):545-52. [Rec#: 10410] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cordice JW Jr. Carcinoma of the esophagus seen in a 12-year 

period at Queens Hospital Center. J Natl Med Assoc 

90;82(4):273-9. [Rec#: 10411] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Coristine M, Crooks D, Grunfeld E, Stonebridge C, and 

Christie A. Caregiving for women with advanced breast 

cancer. Psychooncology 2003;12(7):709-19. 

[Rec#: 10412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Cork RC, Saleemi S, Ibrahim I, Mansour R, and Alexander 

L. A survey of the adequacy of pain management in 

end-stage cancer patients. J La State Med Soc 

2003;155(3):150-3. [Rec#: 10413] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Corless IB and Nicholas PK. Long-term continuum of care 

for people living with HIV/AIDS. J Urban Health 

2000;77(2):176-86. [Rec#: 10416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Corless IB, Fulton R, Lamers EP, Bendiksen R, Hysing-Dahl 

B, MacElveen-Hoehn P, O'Conner P, Harvei U, 

Schjolberg T, Stevenson E, and International Work 

Group on Death, Dying, and Bereavement. Assumptions 

and principles concerning care for persons affected by 

HIV disease. AIDS Public Policy J 92;7(1):28-31. 

[Rec#: 10415] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Corless IB. Dying well: symptom control within hospice 

care. Annu Rev Nurs Res 94;12:125-46. [Rec#: 10414] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cornell DH. Can we manage pain? N J Med 97;94(5):41-4. 

[Rec#: 10418] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Corner J and O'Driscoll M. Development of a breathlessness 

assessment guide for use in palliative care. Palliat Med 

99;13(5):375-84. [Rec#: 10422] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Corner J, Plant H, A'Hern R, and Bailey C. 

Non-pharmacological intervention for breathlessness in 

lung cancer. Palliat Med 96;10(4):299-305. Comment 

in: Palliat Med. 1997 Mar;11(2):170. PMID: 9156118. 

[Rec#: 31084] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Corner J. Nursing management in palliative care. Eur J 

Cancer 2001;37 Suppl 7:S289-96. [Rec#: 10421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-41 

Corr CA and Doka KJ. Current models of death, dying, and 

bereavement. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 

94;6(3):545-52. [Rec#: 10427] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Corrigan FM. Parapsychotic grief, theory of mind and the 

concept of the soul. Med Hypotheses 97;49(4):301-2. 

[Rec#: 10429] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cort MA. Cultural mistrust and use of hospice care: 

challenges and remedies. J Palliat Med 

2004;7(1):63-71. [Rec#: 1470] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Costantini M, Camoirano E, Madeddu L, Bruzzi P, 

Verganelli E, and Henriquet F. Palliative home care and 

place of death among cancer patients: a 

population-based study. Palliat Med 93;7(4):323-31. 

[Rec#: 1477] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Costello J and Horne M. Nurses and health support workers' 

views on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a hospice 

setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(4):157-65. Comment 

in: Int J Palliat Nurs. 2003 Aug;9(8):360-1; author reply 

361. PMID: 12971374. [Rec#: 10432] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Costello J. Do Not Resuscitate orders and older patients: 

findings from an ethnographic study of hospital wards 

for older people. J Adv Nurs 2002;39(5):491-9. 

[Rec#: 1481] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Costello J. Helping relatives cope with the grieving process. 

Prof Nurse 95;11(2):89-92. [Rec#: 10430] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Costello P, Wiseman J, Douglas I, Batten B, and Bennett M. 

Assessing hospice inpatients with pain using numerical 

rating scales. Palliat Med 2001;15(3):257-8. 

[Rec#: 1486] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cotton PB and Schmitt C. Quality of Life in palliative 

management of malignant obstructive jaundice. Scand J 

Gastroenterol Suppl 93;199:44-6. [Rec#: 10438] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Couldrick A. Optimizing bereavement outcome: reading the 

road ahead. Soc Sci Med 92;35(12):1521-3. 

[Rec#: 10439] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Coulehan J. A piece of my mind. Attention must be paid. 

JAMA 2000;283(8):976. [Rec#: 10442] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Coulehan J. Building the ship of death. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2000;17(4):273-7. [Rec#: 10440] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Coulombe L. Talking with patients. Is it different when they 

are dying? Can Fam Physician 95;41:423-37. 

[Rec#: 10443] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical 

Association. Decisions near the end of life. JAMA 

92;267:2229-2233. [Rec#: 50356] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical 

Association. Medical futility in end-of-life care. JAMA 

99;281(10):937-41. [Rec#: 50357] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical 

Association. Good care of the dying patient. JAMA 

96;275(6):474-478. [Rec#: 50358] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Counsell C and Guin P. Exploring family needs during 

withdrawal of life support in critically ill patients. Crit 

Care Nurs Clin North Am 2002;14(2):187-91, ix. 

[Rec#: 10447] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Counsell C, Adorno G, and Guin P. Establishing an 

end-of-life program in an academic acute care hospital. 

SCI Nurs 2003;20(4):238-49. [Rec#: 1494] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Counts DA and Counts D. The good, the bad, and the 

unresolved death in Kaliai. Soc Sci Med 

2004;58(5):887-97. [Rec#: 10448] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Courneya KS and Friedenreich CM. Framework PEACE: an 

organizational model for examining physical exercise 

across the cancer experience. Ann Behav Med 

2001;23(4):263-72. [Rec#: 10449] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Coviello JS, Hricz-Borges L, and Masulli PS. Accomplishing 

quality of life in end-stage heart failure: a hospice 

multidisciplinary approach. Home Healthc Nurse 

2002;20(3):195-8. [Rec#: 1499] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Covinsky KE, Eng C, Lui LY, Sands LP, and Yaffe K. The 

last 2 years of life: functional trajectories of frail older 

people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(4):492-8. 

[Rec#: 1500] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-42 

Covinsky, K. E., Martin, G. E., Beyth, R. J., Justice, A. C., 

Sehgal, A. R., and Landefeld, C. S. The relationship 

between clinical assessments of nutritional status and 

adverse outcomes in older hospitalized medical patients. 

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

99;47(5):532-8. [Rec#: 50360] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Covinsky, K. E., Wu, A. W., Landefeld, C. S., Connors, A. 

F. Jr., Phillips, R. S., Tsevat, J., Dawson, N. V., Lynn, 

J., and Fortinsky, R. H. Health status versus quality of 

life in older patients: does the distinction matter? 

American Journal of Medicine 99;106(4):435-40. 

[Rec#: 50361] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cowan JD and Palmer TW. Practical guide to palliative 

sedation. Curr Oncol Rep 2002;4(3):242-9. 

[Rec#: 10454] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cowan JD, Burns D, Palmer TW, Scott J, and Feeback E. A 

palliative medicine program in a community setting: 12 

points from the first 12 months. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(6):415-33. [Rec#: 1503] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cowan JD, Walsh D, and Homsi J. Palliative medicine in a 

United States cancer center: a prospective study. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2002;19(4):240-50. [Rec#: 1504] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cowan JD. The dying patient. Curr Oncol Rep 

2000;2(4):331-7. [Rec#: 10453] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cowan, J. D. and Walsh, D. Terminal sedation in palliative 

medicine--definition and review of the literature. 

Support Care Cancer 2001;9(6):403-7. [Rec#: 50121] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Coward DD and Reed PG. Self-transcendence: a resource for 

healing at the end of life. Issues Ment Health Nurs 

96;17(3):275-88. [Rec#: 10455] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Coward DD. Meaning and purpose in the lives of persons 

with AIDS. Public Health Nurs 94;11(5):331-6. 

[Rec#: 1507] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Cowart D and Burt R. Confronting death. Who chooses, who 

controls? A dialogue between Dax Cowart and Robert 

Burt. Hastings Cent Rep 98;28(1):14-24. [Rec#: 10456] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cowen AR. Death, dying and grieving. Dealing with 

personal and work-related tragedies. Emerg Med Serv 

98;27(1):110, 109. [Rec#: 10457] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cowie MR, Fox KF, Wood DA, Metcalfe C, Thompson SG, 

Coats AJ, Poole-Wilson PA, and Sutton GC. 

Hospitalization of patients with heart failure: a 

population-based study. Eur Heart J 

2002;23(11):877-85. Comment in: Eur Heart J. 2002 

Jun;23(11):842-5. PMID: 12042004. [Rec#: 50018] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cowles KV and Rodgers BL. Concept of grief. J Adv Nurs 

96;23(5):1055-7. Comment on: J Adv Nurs. 1993 

Nov;18(11):1787-94. PMID: 8288825. [Rec#: 10458] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cowles KV. Cultural perspectives of grief: an expanded 

concept analysis. J Adv Nurs 96;23(2):287-94. 

[Rec#: 1508] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Cowley G and Hager M. Terminal care: too painful, too 

prolonged. Newsweek 95;126(23):74-5. [Rec#: 10461] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cowley S. Continuing care. Who qualifies for terminal care? 

Nurs Times 90;86(22):29-31. [Rec#: 10462] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cox C. Hospice care for persons with AIDS: findings from a 

national study. Hosp J 98;13(3):21-34. [Rec#: 1513] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cox C. Non-pharmacological treatment of breathlessness. 

Nurs Stand 2002;16(24):33-6. [Rec#: 10463] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cox JM and Pappagallo M. Modafinil: a gift to portmanteau. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001;18(6):408-10. 

[Rec#: 10464] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Coyle D, Small N, Ashworth A, Hennessy S, Jenkins-Clarke 

S, Mannion R, Rice N, and Ahmedzai S. Costs of 

palliative care in the community, in hospitals and in 

hospices in the UK. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 

99;32(2):71-85. [Rec#: 1515] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Coyle MA. Meeting the needs of the family: the role of the 

specialist nurse in the management of brain death. 

Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2000;16(1):45-50. 

[Rec#: 10467] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-43 

Coyle N, Adelhardt J, Foley KM, and Portenoy RK. 

Character of terminal illness in the advanced cancer 

patient: pain and other symptoms during the last four 

weeks of life. J Pain Symptom Manage 90;5(2):83-93. 

Comment in: J Pain Symptom Manage. 1991 

Oct;6(7):408-10. PMID: 1940484. [Rec#: 1519] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Coyne PJ, Lyne ME, and Watson AC. Symptom 

management in people with AIDS. Am J Nurs 

2002;102(9):48-56; quiz 57. [Rec#: 1522] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Coyne PJ, Viswanathan R, and Smith TJ. Nebulized fentanyl 

citrate improves patients' perception of breathing, 

respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation in dyspnea. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23(2):157-60. 

[Rec#: 1523] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Craig, M. Volunteer services. American Journal of Hospice 

& Palliative Care 94;11(2):33-5. [Rec#: 50362] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Crain M. A cross-cultural study of beliefs, attitudes and 

values in Chinese-born American and non-Chinese frail 

homebound elderly. J Long Term Home Health Care 

96;15(1):9-18. [Rec#: 1529] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cramer LD, McCorkle R, Cherlin E, Johnson-Hurzeler R, 

and Bradley EH. Nurses' attitudes and practice related to 

hospice care. J Nurs Scholarsh 2003;35(3):249-55. 

[Rec#: 10482] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cramond W, Fraenkel M, and Barratt L. On letting go: the 

patient, haemodialysis and opting out. Aust N Z J 

Psychiatry 90;24(2):268-75. [Rec#: 1530] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Crane RA, Wilson PC, and Behrens G. Pain control in 

hospice home care: management guidelines. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(6):39-42. [Rec#: 10484] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cranford RE. Medical futility: transforming a clinical 

concept into legal and social policies. J Am Geriatr Soc 

94;42(8):894-8. [Rec#: 10485] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Craun MJ, Watkins M, and Hefty A. Hospice care of the 

psychotic patient. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

97;14(4):205-8. [Rec#: 10486] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Craven O. Palliative care provision and its impact on 

psychological morbidity in cancer patients. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2000;6(10):501-7. [Rec#: 1535] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cravens DD and Anderson CM. Relieving non-pain suffering 

at the end-of-life. Mo Med 2003;100(1):76-81. 

[Rec#: 10487] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Crawford GB and Price SD. Team working: palliative care as 

a model of interdisciplinary practice. Med J Aust 

2003;179(6 Suppl):S32-4. [Rec#: 10488] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Crawford H. Patient information for pain control in palliative 

care. Nurs Stand 97;11(48):42-4. [Rec#: 10489] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Crawley L, Payne R, Bolden J, Payne T, Washington P, 

Williams S, and Initiative to Improve Palliative and 

End-of-Life Care in the African American Community. 

Palliative and end-of-life care in the African American 

community. JAMA 2000;284(19):2518-21. 

[Rec#: 10492] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Crawley LM, Marshall PA, Lo B, Koenig BA, and 

End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel. Strategies for 

culturally effective end-of-life care. Ann Intern Med 

2002;136(9):673-9. [Rec#: 1538] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Crawley LM. Miracles and medicine: helping families 

navigate the course. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;25(2):192-4. Comment on: J Pain Symptom 

Manage. 2003 Feb;25(2):191-2. PMID: 12590035. 

[Rec#: 10493] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Crawley, L. M. Palliative care in African American 

communities. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2002;5(5):775-9. [Rec#: 50364] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Crawley, L., Payne, R., Bolden, J., Payne, T., Washington, 

P., Williams, S., Initiative to Improve, Palliative, and 

End-of-Life Care in the African American, Community. 

Palliative and end-of-life care in the African American 

community. JAMA 2000;284(19):2518-21. 

[Rec#: 50363] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Creagan ET. How to break bad news--and not devastate the 

patient. Mayo Clin Proc 94;69(10):1015-7. 

[Rec#: 10495] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-44 

Crego PJ and Lipp EJ. Nurses' knowledge of advance 

directives. Am J Crit Care 98;7(3):218-23. Comment 

in: Am J Crit Care. 1998 Sep;7(5):398. PMID: 9740892. 

[Rec#: 1542] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cressey RW and Winbolt-Lewis M. The forgotten heart of 

care: a model of spiritual care in the National Health 

Service. Accid Emerg Nurs 2000;8(3):170-7. 

[Rec#: 10498] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cresswell SM, English PJ, Hall RR, Roberts JT, and Marsh 

MM. Pain relief and quality-of-life assessment 

following intravenous and oral clodronate in 

hormone-escaped metastatic prostate cancer. Br J Urol 

95;76(3):360-5. [Rec#: 10499] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Cringles MC. Developing an integrated care pathway to 

manage cancer pain across primary, secondary and 

tertiary care. Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(5):247-55. 

[Rec#: 10501] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Critchley P, Jadad AR, Taniguchi A, Woods A, Stevens R, 

Reyno L, and Whelan TJ. Are some palliative care 

delivery systems more effective and efficient than 

others? A systematic review of comparative studies. J 

Palliat Care 99;15(4):40-7. [Rec#: 10504] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Critchley PP, Grantham M, Plach N, Bedard M, and Oglan 

G. An evaluation of the use of and satisfaction with the 

Palliative Care Pain and Symptom Pocket Card. J 

Palliat Care 2002;18(4):307-11. [Rec#: 10505] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Critchlow J and Bauer-Wu SM. Dehydration in terminally ill 

patients. Perceptions of long-term care nurses. J 

Gerontol Nurs 2002;28(12):31-9; quiz 48-9. 

[Rec#: 1549] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Crow HE. How to help patients understand and conquer 

grief. Avoiding depression in the midst of sadness. 

Postgrad Med 91;89(8):117-8, 121-2. [Rec#: 10516] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cull A, Gregor A, Hopwood P, Macbeth F, 

Karnicka-Mlodkowska H, Thatcher N, Burt P, Stout R, 

Stepniewska K, and Stewart M. Neurological and 

cognitive impairment in long-term survivors of small 

cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 94;30A(8):1067-74. 

[Rec#: 31139] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Culture, Projects in Death in America and the Center on 

Crime and. Proceedings from the First National 

Conference on death and dying in prisons and jails: 

Caring for prisoners, families, and caregivers. Journal 

of Law and Medicine 99;27(3). [Rec#: 50365] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cummings CM. Advance planning for end-of life care. Adv 

Nurse Pract 98;6(7):24. [Rec#: 10524] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cummings SM. Adequacy of discharge plans and 

rehospitalization among hospitalized dementia patients. 

Health Soc Work 99;24(4):249-59. [Rec#: 50019] 

In abstract review process 

Cunningham D, Pyrhonen S, James RD, Punt CJ, Hickish 

TF, Heikkila R, Johannesen TB, Starkhammar H, 

Topham CA, Awad L, Jacques C, and Herait P. 

Randomised trial of irinotecan plus supportive care 

versus supportive care alone after fluorouracil failure 

for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 

98;352(9138):1413-8. Comment in: Lancet. 1998 Oct 

31;352(9138):1402. PMID: 9807982. Comment in: 

Lancet. 1999 Apr 10;353(9160):1275-6. PMID: 

10217115. [Rec#: 1577] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Cunningham L and Nagy VT. Bereavement support in the 

HMO. HMO Pract 94;8(1):43-5. [Rec#: 10528] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Curl A. When family caregivers grieve for the Alzheimer's 

patient. Family caregivers face special difficulties in 

grieving for loved ones whose personalities die long 

before they do. Geriatr Nurs 92;13(6):305-7. 

[Rec#: 10529] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Currow DC. Palliative service provision in Australia. Med J 

Aust 2001;175(10):534-6. Comment on: Med J Aust. 

2001 Nov 19;175(10):526-9. PMID: 11795541. 

Comment on: Med J Aust. 2001 Nov 19;175(10):530-3. 

PMID: 11795542. [Rec#: 10532] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Curtin LL. Promoting comfort and relieving pain in dying 

patients. Nurs Manage 95;26(8):64-5. [Rec#: 10536] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Curtis C. Hypnotherapy in a specialist palliative care unit: 

evaluation of a pilot service. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2001;7(12):604-9. [Rec#: 10537] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Curtis EB and Walsh TD. Prescribing practices of a palliative 

care service. J Pain Symptom Manage 93;8(5):312-6. 

[Rec#: 1582] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-45 

Curtis JR and Patrick DL. Barriers to communication about 

end-of-life care in AIDS patients. J Gen Intern Med 

97;12(12):736-41. Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 1997 

Dec;12(12):784-6. PMID: 9436900. [Rec#: 1584] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Curtis JR, Engelberg RA, Wenrich MD, Nielsen EL, 

Shannon SE, Treece PD, Tonelli MR, Patrick DL, 

Robins LS, McGrath BB, and Rubenfeld GD. Studying 

communication about end-of-life care during the ICU 

family conference: development of a framework. J Crit 

Care 2002;17(3):147-60. [Rec#: 1583] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Curtis JR, Patrick DL, Engelberg RA, Norris K, Asp C, and 

Byock I. A measure of the quality of dying and death. 

Initial validation using after-death interviews with 

family members. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;24(1):17-31. [Rec#: 1588] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Curtis JR, Patrick DL, Shannon SE, Treece PD, Engelberg 

RA, and Rubenfeld GD. The family conference as a 

focus to improve communication about end-of-life care 

in the intensive care unit: opportunities for 

improvement. Crit Care Med 2001;29(2 

Suppl):N26-33. [Rec#: 10541] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Curtis JR, Wenrich MD, Carline JD, Shannon SE, Ambrozy 

DM, and Ramsey PG. Patients' perspectives on 

physician skill in end-of-life care: differences between 

patients with COPD, cancer, and AIDS. Chest 

2002;122(1):356-62. Comment in: Chest. 2003 

Aug;124(2):771-2. PMID: 12907579. [Rec#: 1589] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Curtis JR, Wenrich MD, Carline JD, Shannon SE, Ambrozy 

DM, and Ramsey PG. Understanding physicians' skills 

at providing end-of-life care perspectives of patients, 

families, and health care workers. J Gen Intern Med 

2001;16(1):41-9. Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2001 

Jan;16(1):68-9. PMID: 11251753. [Rec#: 1590] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Curtis JR. Communicating with patients and their families 

about advance care planning and end-of-life care. 

Respir Care 2000;45(11):1385-94; discussion 1394-8. 

[Rec#: 10538] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Curtis JR. The long-term outcomes of mechanical 

ventilation: what are they and how should they be used? 

Respir Care 2002;47(4):496-505; discussion 505-7. 

[Rec#: 10539] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Cutcliffe JR, Black C, Hanson E, and Goward P. The 

commonality and synchronicity of mental health nurses 

and palliative care nurses: closer than you think? Part 

two. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2001;8(1):61-6. 

[Rec#: 10545] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cutcliffe JR, Black C, Hanson E, and Goward P. The 

commonality and synchronicity of mental health nurses 

and palliative care nurses: closer than you think? Part 

one. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2001;8(1):53-9. 

[Rec#: 10546] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cutcliffe JR. Hope, counselling and complicated 

bereavement reactions. J Adv Nurs 98;28(4):754-61. 

[Rec#: 10543] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Cutcliffe JR. How do nurses inspire and instil hope in 

terminally ill HIV patients? J Adv Nurs 

95;22(5):888-95. [Rec#: 10544] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Cutler RB, Fishbain DA, Lu Y, Rosomoff RS, and Rosomoff 

HL. Prediction of pain center treatment outcome for 

geriatric chronic pain patients. Clin J Pain 

94;10(1):10-7. Comment in: Clin J Pain. 1994 

Mar;10(1):1-2. PMID: 7514912. [Rec#: 1597] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Cyhan T. Dying for relief. When pain relief could result in 

death. Am J Nurs 2001;101(2):59. [Rec#: 10547] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Cykert S, Joines JD, Kissling G, and Hansen CJ. Racial 

differences in patients' perceptions of debilitated health 

states. J Gen Intern Med 99;14(4):217-22. Comment in: 

J Gen Intern Med. 1999 Apr;14(4):260-1. PMID: 

10203641. [Rec#: 1604] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Czerwiec M. When a loved one is dying: families talk about 

nursing care. Am J Nurs 96;96(5):32-6. [Rec#: 1606] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Daaleman TP and Frey B. Prevalence and patterns of 

physician referral to clergy and pastoral care providers. 

Arch Fam Med 98;7(6):548-53. [Rec#: 1611] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Daaleman TP and VandeCreek L. Placing religion and 

spirituality in end-of-life care. JAMA 

2000;284(19):2514-7. [Rec#: 10552] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Daeninck, P. J. and Bruera, E. Opioid use in cancer pain. Is a 

more liberal approach enhancing toxicity? Acta 

Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 99;43(9):924-38. 

[Rec#: 50366] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-46 

Daggett LM. Living with loss: middle-aged men face spousal 

bereavement. Qual Health Res 2002;12(5):625-39. 

[Rec#: 1613] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Dahl JL. Effective pain management in terminal care. Clin 

Geriatr Med 96;12(2):279-300. [Rec#: 10556] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dahl JL. State cancer pain initiatives. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 93;8(6):372-5. [Rec#: 10557] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dahlin CM. Access to care. Hosp J 99;14(3-4):75-84. 

[Rec#: 10558] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dalrymple JL, Levenback C, Wolf JK, Bodurka DC, Garcia 

M, and Gershenson DM. Trends among gynecologic 

oncology inpatient deaths: is end-of-life care 

improving? Gynecol Oncol 2002;85(2):356-61. 

[Rec#: 1625] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Dalton SO, Boesen EH, Ross L, Schapiro IR, and Johansen 

C. Mind and cancer. do psychological factors cause 

cancer? Eur J Cancer 2002;38(10):1313-23. 

[Rec#: 10562] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Dalton V. Death and dying in prison in Australia: national 

overview, 1980-1998. J Law Med Ethics 

99;27(3):269-74, 210. [Rec#: 1628] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Daly BJ. Organizational change and delivery of 

multidisciplinary palliative care. Respir Care 

2000;45(12):1501-10; discussion 1510-2. [Rec#: 10563] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Daly BJ. Withholding nutrition and hydration revisited. Nurs 

Manage 95;26(5):30, 33, 37-9. Comment on: Nurs 

Manage. 1994 Oct;25(10):81-2, 85-9. PMID: 7605423. 

[Rec#: 10564] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Damato AN, Chokhavatia S, Grigoriu A, Patel A, and Cronin 

T. Advance directives for HIV-positive patients. N J 

Med 93;90(8):589-94. [Rec#: 1632] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Damato AN, Reddy TK, Rusche P, Ramakrishna S, 

Christoffersen G, Getsos J, Feinsod R, Reisner M, Costa 

D, and McCreath J. Advance directives for the elderly: a 

survey. N J Med 93;90(3):215-20. [Rec#: 1633] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Danforth JC. Quality of life is the issue in care for terminally 

ill. Mod Healthc 96;26(36):49. [Rec#: 10567] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Daniels GA and Adjei AA. Advances in systemic therapy of 

small cell cancer of the lung. Expert Rev Anticancer 

Ther 2001;1(2):211-21. [Rec#: 10569] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Daniels L and Linnane J. Developing a framework for 

primary palliative care services. Br J Community Nurs 

2001;6(11):592-600. [Rec#: 1638] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Daniels L. Palliative care in a primary care-led NHS. Prof 

Nurse 2000;15(7):471-5. [Rec#: 10571] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Darr K. The manager and pain control for patients. Hosp 

Top 2001;79(4):27-9. [Rec#: 10581] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Das A and Sivak MV Jr. Endoscopic palliation for inoperable 

pancreatic cancer. Cancer Control 2000;7(5):452-7. 

[Rec#: 10582] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Datson SL and Marwit SJ. Personality constructs and 

perceived presence of deceased loved ones. Death Stud 

97;21(2):131-46. [Rec#: 1647] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Daugherty SJ. It's never over. Addressing AIDS 

bereavement. Caring 93;12(5):42-4, 46. [Rec#: 10584] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Daugird A and Spencer D. Physician reactions to the health 

care revolution. A grief model approach. Arch Fam 

Med 96;5(9):497-500; discussion 501. [Rec#: 10585] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

David AS, Mary R, Neil S, and James G. Deaths from heart 

failure in general practice: implications for palliative 

care. Palliat Med 2002;16(6):495-8. [Rec#: 10586] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Davidhizar R and Giger JN. Patients' use of denial: coping 

with the unacceptable. Nurs Stand 98;12(43):44-6. 

[Rec#: 10591] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Davidhizar R, Poole V, Giger JN, and Henderson M. When 

your patient uses denial. J Pract Nurs 98;48(2):10-4. 

[Rec#: 10594] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Davidson JR and Gaylord S. Homeopathic and psychiatric 

perspectives on grief. Altern Ther Health Med 

98;4(5):30-5. [Rec#: 10596] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-47 

Davidson KM. Evidence-based protocol. Family 

bereavement support before and after the death of a 

nursing home resident. J Gerontol Nurs 

2003;29(1):10-8. [Rec#: 1656] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Davidson P, Introna K, Daly J, Paull G, Jarvis R, Angus J, 

Wilds T, Cockburn J, Dunford M, and Dracup K. 

Cardiorespiratory nurses' perceptions of palliative care 

in nonmalignant disease: data for the development of 

clinical practice. Am J Crit Care 2003;12(1):47-53. 

[Rec#: 10598] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Davidson PM, Introna K, Cockburn J, Daly J, Dunford M, 

Paull G, and Dracup K. Synergizing acute care and 

palliative care to optimise nursing care in end-stage 

cardiorespiratory disease. Aust Crit Care 

2002;15(2):64-9. [Rec#: 10599] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Davidson SN. Pain and opiophobia. Healthc Forum J 

97;40(3):64-7. [Rec#: 10601] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Davies AN. A comparison of artificial saliva and chewing 

gum in the management of xerostomia in patients with 

advanced cancer. Palliat Med 2000;14(3):197-203. 

[Rec#: 1660] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Davies B and Oberle K. Dimensions of the supportive role of 

the nurse in palliative care. Oncol Nurs Forum 

90;17(1):87-94. [Rec#: 10602] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Davies B, Reimer JC, and Martens N. Families in supportive 

care--Part I: The transition of fading away: the nature of 

the transition. J Palliat Care 90;6(3):12-20. 

[Rec#: 1666] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Davies B, Reimer JC, and Martens N. Family functioning 

and its implications for palliative care. J Palliat Care 

94;10(1):29-36. [Rec#: 1667] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Davies J and McVicar A. Balancing efficiency, 

cost-effectiveness and patient choice in opioid selection. 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2000;6(10):470-8. [Rec#: 10605] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Davies M and Sque M. Living on the outside looking in: a 

theory of living with advanced breast cancer. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2002;8(12):583-90. [Rec#: 1674] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Davies N and Curtis M. Providing palliative care in 

end-stage heart failure. Prof Nurse 2000;15(6):389-92. 

[Rec#: 10609] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Davila F. The impact of do-not-resuscitate and patient care 

category policies on CPR and ventilator support rates. 

Arch Intern Med 96;156(4):405-8. [Rec#: 40795] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Davis BD, Cowley SA, and Ryland RK. The effects of 

terminal illness on patients and their carers. J Adv Nurs 

96;23(3):512-20. [Rec#: 1681] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Davis CG, Nolen-Hoeksema S, and Larson J. Making sense 

of loss and benefiting from the experience: two 

construals of meaning. J Pers Soc Psychol 

98;75(2):561-74. [Rec#: 1682] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Davis CG, Wortman CB, Lehman DR, and Silver RC. 

Searching for meaning in loss: are clinical assumptions 

correct. Death Stud 2000;24(6):497-540. Comment in: 

Death Stud. 2000 Sep;24(6):541-58. PMID: 11503667. 

[Rec#: 10616] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Davis DP. Cultural differences and the practice of medicine. 

Health Care Anal 93;1(1):101-2. [Rec#: 10619] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Davis JM, Hoshiko BR, Jones S, and Gosnell D. The effect 

of a support group on grieving individuals' levels of 

perceived support and stress. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 

92;6(1):35-9. [Rec#: 1687] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Davis MP, Dickerson ED, Pappagallo M, Varga J, Shuster J 

Jr, and Benedetti C. Palliative care: a long-term solution 

for long-term care. Part 3: analgesic therapy. Home 

Care Provid 2001;6(5):164-70; quiz 171, 1p after 176. 

[Rec#: 10629] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Davis MP, Walsh D, Nelson K, Konrad D, and LeGrand SB. 

The business of palliative medicine: management 

metrics for an acute-care inpatient unit. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2001;18(1):26-9. [Rec#: 10631] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Davis N, Pohlman A, Gehlbach B, Kress JP, McAtee J, 

Herlitz J, and Hall J. Improving the process of informed 

consent in the critically ill. JAMA 

2003;289(15):1963-8. Comment in: JAMA. 2003 Aug 

13;290(6):751; author reply 752. PMID: 12915421. 

Comment in: JAMA. 2003 Aug 13;290(6):751; author 

reply 752. PMID: 12915420. [Rec#: 40799] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-48 

Davis, M. P., Walsh, D., LeGrand, S. B., and Naughton, M. 

Symptom control in cancer patients: the clinical 

pharmacology and therapeutic role of suppositories and 

rectal suspensions. Supportive Care in Cancer 

2002;10(2):117-38. [Rec#: 50367] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Davison D, Johnston G, Reilly P, and Stevenson M. Where 

do patients with cancer die in Belfast? Ir J Med Sci 

2001;170(1):18-23. [Rec#: 1697] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Davison SN. Quality end-of-life care in dialysis units. Semin 

Dial 2002;15(1):41-4. [Rec#: 1698] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Davison, B. J., Goldenberg, S. L., Gleave, M. E., and 

Degner, L. F. Provision of individualized information to 

men and their partners to facilitate treatment decision 

making in prostate cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 

2003;30(1):107-14. [Rec#: 50369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Davison, B. J., Kirk, P., Degner, L. F., and Hassard, T. H. 

Information and patient participation in screening for 

prostate cancer. Patient Education & Counseling 

99;37(3):255-63. [Rec#: 50370] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Dawe U, Verhoef M, and Roman-Smith H. Personal 

directives: Part IV. Alberta nurses see benefits for 

patients, families and caregivers. AARN News Lett 

97;53(4):15-6. [Rec#: 10635] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dawson S and Kristjanson LJ. Mapping the journey: family 

carers' perceptions of issues related to end-stage care of 

individuals with muscular dystrophy or motor neurone 

disease. J Palliat Care 2003;19(1):36-42. [Rec#: 10639] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Dawson S. The role of occupational therapy groups in an 

Australian hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

93;10(4):13-7. [Rec#: 10638] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Dawson, R., Spross, J. A., Jablonski, E. S., Hoyer, D. R., 

Sellers, D. E., and Solomon, M. Z. Probing the paradox 

of patients' satisfaction with inadequate pain 

management. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

2002;23(3):211-20. [Rec#: 50371] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Day L, Drought T, and Davis AJ. Principle-based ethics and 

nurses' attitudes towards artificial feeding. J Adv Nurs 

95;21(2):295-8. [Rec#: 10641] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Day L. Practical limits to the Uniform Determination of 

Death Act. J Neurosurg Nurs 95;27(5):319-22. 

[Rec#: 10640] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Day R. The use of epidural and intrathecal analgesia in 

palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(8):369-74. 

[Rec#: 10643] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Dayidhizar R and Shearer R. It can never be the way it was: 

helping elderly women adjust to change and loss. Home 

Healthc Nurse 94;12(1):43-6. [Rec#: 1699] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

De Conno F, Ripamonti C, Caraceni A, and Saita L. 

Palliative care at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. 

Support Care Cancer 2001;9(3):141-7. [Rec#: 10649] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

De Conno F, Saita L, Ripamonti C, and Ventafridda V. On 

the "last days of life". J Palliat Care 93;9(3):47-9. 

[Rec#: 10650] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

De Conno, F., Ripamonti, C., Saita, L., MacEachern, T., 

Hanson, J., and Bruera, E. Role of rectal route in 

treating cancer pain: a randomized crossover clinical 

trial of oral versus rectal morphine administration in 

opioid-naive cancer patients with pain. Journal of 

Clinical Oncology 95;13(4):1004-8. [Rec#: 50372] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

De Conno, F., Ripamonti, C., Sbanotto, A., and Ventafridda, 

V. Oral complications in patients with advanced cancer. 

Journal of Palliative Care 89;5(1):7-15. [Rec#: 50373] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

de Gonzalez Victorica MI, Bertolino L, and Pavlovsky S. 

Argentina. Telling the truth to cancer patients in a 

multicultural society. Ann N Y Acad Sci 

97;809:152-62. [Rec#: 1706] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

de Graaff FM and Francke AL. Home care for terminally ill 

Turks and Moroccans and their families in the 

Netherlands: carers' experiences and factors influencing 

ease of access and use of services. Int J Nurs Stud 

2003;40(8):797-805. [Rec#: 1709] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

de Haes H and Koedoot N. Patient centered decision making 

in palliative cancer treatment: a world of paradoxes. 

Patient Educ Couns 2003;50(1):43-9. [Rec#: 10652] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

De Jong MJ and Beatty DS. Family perceptions of support 

interventions in the intensive care unit. Dimens Crit 

Care Nurs 2000;19(5):40-7. [Rec#: 40815] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-49 

De Jonghe B, Cook D, Appere-De-Vecchi C, Guyatt G, 

Meade M, and Outin H. Using and understanding 

sedation scoring systems: a systematic review. 

Intensive Care Med 2000;26(3):275-85. [Rec#: 40817] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

de Lemos J, Tweeddale M, and Chittock D. Measuring 

quality of sedation in adult mechanically ventilated 

critically ill patients. the Vancouver Interaction and 

Calmness Scale. Sedation Focus Group. J Clin 

Epidemiol 2000;53(9):908-19. [Rec#: 40823] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

De Leo D and Spathonis K. Suicide and euthanasia in late 

life. Aging Clin Exp Res 2003;15(2):99-110. 

[Rec#: 1717] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

De Leo D, Predieri M, Melodia C, Vella J, Forza G, and de 

Bertolini C. Suicide attitude in breast cancer patients. 

Psychopathology 91;24(2):115-9. [Rec#: 1716] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

De Lima L. Colombia: status of cancer pain and palliative 

care. J Pain Symptom Manage 93;8(6):404-6. 

[Rec#: 10656] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

De Ridder D and Gastmans C. Dehydration among 

terminally ill patients: an integrated ethical and practical 

approach for caregivers. Nurs Ethics 96;3(4):305-16. 

[Rec#: 10661] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

de Ridder, D. and Schreurs, K. Developing interventions for 

chronically ill patients: is coping a helpful concept? 

Clin Psychol Rev 2001;21(2):205-40. [Rec#: 50122] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

de Stoutz ND and Glaus A. Supportive and palliative care of 

cancer patients at the Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 

Switzerland. Support Care Cancer 95;3(4):221-6. 

[Rec#: 10665] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

de Stoutz ND, Bruera E, and Suarez-Almazor M. Opioid 

rotation for toxicity reduction in terminal cancer 

patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 95;10(5):378-84. 

[Rec#: 1728] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

De Valck C and Vinck J. Health locus of control and quality 

of life in lung cancer patients. Patient Educ Couns 

96;28(2):179-86. [Rec#: 31250] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

de Vos R, Oosterom L, Koster RW, and de Haan RJ. 

Decisions to terminate resuscitation. Resuscitation 

Committee. Resuscitation 98;39(1-2):7-13. 

[Rec#: 40834] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

de Vries B, Bluck S, and Birren JE. The understanding of 

death and dying in a life-span perspective. 

Gerontologist 93;33(3):366-72. [Rec#: 1730] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dean A, Bridge D, and Lickiss JN. The palliative effects of 

octreotide in malignant disease. Ann Acad Med 

Singapore 94;23(2):212-5. [Rec#: 10669] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Dean RA. Occupational stress in hospice care: causes and 

coping strategies. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

98;15(3):151-4. [Rec#: 10672] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Dear S. Breaking bad news: caring for the family. Nurs 

Stand 95;10(11):31-3. [Rec#: 1736] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Debrix I, Flahault A, Becker A, Schwartz L, Kanfer A, and 

Milleron B. Impact of guidelines implemented in a paris 

university hospital: application to the use of antiemetics 

by cancer patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 

99;48(4):616-22. [Rec#: 10679] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dechesne M, Pyszczynski T, Arndt J, Ransom S, Sheldon 

KM, van Knippenberg A, and Janssen J. Literal and 

symbolic immortality: the effect of evidence of literal 

immortality on self-esteem striving in response to 

mortality salience. J Pers Soc Psychol 

2003;84(4):722-37. [Rec#: 10680] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Decker SD and Young E. Self-perceived needs of primary 

caregivers of home-hospice clients. J Community 

Health Nurs 91;8(3):147-54. [Rec#: 1740] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

DeCosse JJ and Cennerazzo WJ. Quality-of-life management 

of patients with colorectal cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 

97;47(4):198-206. Erratum in: CA Cancer J Clin 1997 

Sep-Oct;47(5):319. [Rec#: 10681] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

DeCoster C, Roos NP, and Bogdanovic B. Utilization of 

nursing home resources. Med Care 95;33(12 

Suppl):DS73-83. [Rec#: 40838] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-50 

Deeken, J. F., Taylor, K. L., Mangan, P., Yabroff, K. R., and 

Ingham, J. M. Care for the caregivers: a review of 

self-report instruments developed to measure the 

burden, needs, and quality of life of informal caregivers. 

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 

2003;26(4):922-53. [Rec#: 50374] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Degenholtz HB, Thomas SB, and Miller MJ. Race and the 

intensive care unit: disparities and preferences for 

end-of-life care. Crit Care Med 2003;31(5 

Suppl):S373-8. [Rec#: 10684] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Degner LF and Sloan JA. Symptom distress in newly 

diagnosed ambulatory cancer patients and as a predictor 

of survival in lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 

95;10(6):423-31. [Rec#: 31260] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Degner LF, Gow CM, and Thompson LA. Critical nursing 

behaviors in care for the dying. Cancer Nurs 

91;14(5):246-53. [Rec#: 10686] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Degner, L. F. Ethics and decision-making: lessons from the 

"cancer wars". Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 

2002;34(3):9-13. [Rec#: 50376] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Degner, L. F., Kristjanson, L. J., Bowman, D., Sloan, J. A., 

Carriere, K. C., O'Neil, J., Bilodeau, B., Watson, P., and 

Mueller, B. Information needs and decisional 

preferences in women with breast cancer. JAMA 

97;277(18):1485-92. [Rec#: 50377] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Degner, L. The relationship between some beliefs held by 

physicians and their life-prolonging decisions. Omega 

(Westport) 74;5(3):223-32. [Rec#: 50375] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Deitz J. The psychodynamics and psychotherapy of 

depression: contrasting the self-psychological and the 

classical psychoanalytic approaches. Am J Psychoanal 

91;51(1):61-70. [Rec#: 1748] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Del Giudice ME, Leszcz M, Pritchard KI, Vincent L, and 

Goodwin P. Attitudes of Canadian oncology 

practitioners toward psychosocial interventions in 

clinical and research settings in women with breast 

cancer. Psychooncology 97;6(3):178-89. [Rec#: 1751] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Delay A, Sheidler VR, Scherer L, Dropkin SA, and Portenoy 

RK. Family participation in hospice home care. Cancer 

Pract 96;4(5):235-8. [Rec#: 1754] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dellasega CA and Fisher KM. Posthospital home care for 

frail older adults in rural locations. J Community 

Health Nurs 2001;18(4):247-60. [Rec#: 40851] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

DeLoach R. Job satisfaction among hospice interdisciplinary 

team members. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(6):434-40. [Rec#: 1764] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Delvecchio Good MJ, Good BJ, Schaffer C, and Lind SE. 

American oncology and the discourse on hope. Cult 

Med Psychiatry 90;14(1):59-79. [Rec#: 1768] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Demmer C and Sauer J. Assessing complementary therapy 

services in a hospice program. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(5):306-14. [Rec#: 1774] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Demmer C. AIDS attitudes and attitudes toward caring for 

dying patients. Death Stud 99;23(5):433-42. 

[Rec#: 10696] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Demmer C. Dealing with AIDS-related loss and grief in a 

time of treatment advances. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(1):35-41. [Rec#: 10697] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Demmer C. Death anxiety, coping resources, and comfort 

with dying patients among nurses in AIDS care 

facilities. Psychol Rep 98;83(3 Pt 1):1051-7. 

[Rec#: 1772] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Demmer C. The relationship between death-related 

experiences, death anxiety, and patient care attitudes 

among AIDS nursing staff. J Nurses Staff Dev 

2000;16(3):118-23. [Rec#: 1773] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

DeMong SA. Provision of recreational activities in hospices 

in the United States. Hosp J 97;12(4):57-67. 

[Rec#: 10699] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Dendaas NR. Prognostication in advance cancer: nurses' 

perceptions of the dying process. Oncol Nurs Forum 

2002;29(3):493-9. [Rec#: 1778] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-51 

Denham JW, Walker QJ, Lamb DS, Hamilton CS, O'Brien 

PC, Spry NA, Hindley A, Poulsen M, O'Brien M, and 

Tripcony L. Mucosal regeneration during radiotherapy. 

Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG). 

Radiother Oncol 96;41(2):109-18. [Rec#: 10700] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Dennis LI, Blue CL, Stahl SM, Benge ME, and Shaw CJ. 

The relationship between hospital readmissions of 

medicare beneficiaries with chronic illnesses and home 

care nursing interventions. Home Healthc Nurse 

96;14(4):303-9. [Rec#: 50020] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dennis RG. Love is as strong as death: meeting the pastoral 

needs of the Jewish hospice patient. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 99;16(4):598-604. [Rec#: 10704] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Dent A, Condon L, Blair P, and Fleming P. A study of 

bereavement care after a sudden and unexpected death. 

Arch Dis Child 96;74(6):522-6. Comment in: Arch Dis 

Child. 1997 Jan;76(1):80-1. PMID: 9059174. 

[Rec#: 40860] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Depaola SJ, Griffin M, Young JR, and Neimeyer RA. Death 

anxiety and attitudes toward the elderly among older 

adults: the role of gender and ethnicity. Death Stud 

2003;27(4):335-54. [Rec#: 1780] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

DePaola SJ, Neimeyer RA, Lupfer MB, and Fiedler J. Death 

concern and attitudes toward the elderly in nursing 

home personnel. Death Stud 92;16(6):537-55. 

[Rec#: 1781] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Derrickson BS. The spiritual work of the dying: a framework 

and case studies. Hosp J 96;11(2):11-30. [Rec#: 1783] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Derse AR. Assessment of decision-making capacity. 

Prinicples and Practice of Palliative Care and 

Supportive Oncology 2002;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50378] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dershimer RA. Completing the hospice organizational 

model. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 91;8(5):30-6. 

[Rec#: 10708] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Desbiens, N. A., Mueller Rizner, N., Connors, A. F. Jr., 

Wenger, N. S., Lynn, J., and Investigators, for the 

SUPPORT. The symptom burden of seriously ill 

hospitalized patients: Study to understand prognoses 

and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. 

Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

99;17:248-255. [Rec#: 50379] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

DeShano CL. Physicians play key role as hospice system 

grows. Mich Med 97;96(1):28-31. [Rec#: 10709] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

DeShano JA. Quality of life: what does it mean? Henry Ford 

Hosp Med J 91;39(2):89-91. [Rec#: 10710] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

DeSilva DL, Dillon JE, and Teno JM. The quality of care in 

the last month of life among Rhode Island nursing home 

residents. Med Health R I 2001;84(6):195-8. 

[Rec#: 1791] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Desmedt M and Michel H. Palliative home care: improving 

co-operation between the specialist team and the family 

doctor. Support Care Cancer 2002;10(4):343-8. 

[Rec#: 1793] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Deswal A, Petersen NJ, Souchek J, Ashton CM, and Wray 

NP. Impact of race on health care utilization and 

outcomes in veterans with congestive heart failure. J 

Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43(5):778-84. Comment in: J Am 

Coll Cardiol. 2004 Mar 3;43(5):785-6. PMID: 

14998617. [Rec#: 50021] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Devers E and Robinson KM. The making of a grounded 

theory: after death communication. Death Stud 

2002;26(3):241-53. [Rec#: 10718] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Devettere RJ. Neocortical death and human death. Law Med 

Health Care 90;18(1-2):96-104. [Rec#: 10720] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Devi R. Conquering pain. Interview by Daloni Carlisle. Nurs 

Times 92;88(44):23. [Rec#: 10721] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Devich L, Field BE, and Carlson RE. Supportive care for the 

hopelessly ill. Nurs Outlook 90;38(3):140-2, 124. 

[Rec#: 10722] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Devine, E. C. and Pearcy, J. Meta-analysis of the effects of 

psychoeducational care in adults with chronic 

obstructive pulmonary disease. Patient Educ Couns 

96;29(2):167-78. [Rec#: 50124] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-52 

Devine, E. C. and Westlake, S. K. The effects of 

psychoeducational care provided to adults with cancer: 

meta-analysis of 116 studies. Oncol Nurs Forum 

95;22(9):1369-81. [Rec#: 50125] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Devine, E. C. Meta-analysis of the effect of 

psychoeducational interventions on pain in adults with 

cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2003;30(1):75-89. 

[Rec#: 50123] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Devine, E. C. Meta-analysis of the effect of 

psychoeducational interventions on pain in adults with 

cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum. Online 

2003;30(1):75-89. [Rec#: 50380] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

DeVries HM, Hamilton DW, Lovett S, and 

Gallagher-Thompson D. Patterns of coping preferences 

for male and female caregivers of frail older adults. 

Psychol Aging 97;12(2):263-7. [Rec#: 40866] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Devulder J, De Laat M, Dumoulin K, Ghys L, and Rolly G. 

Palliative care: knowledge and attitudes of general 

practitioners: the results of a questionnaire after 

training. Acta Clin Belg 97;52(4):207-10. 

[Rec#: 10729] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Devulder J. Persisting misconceptions of Belgian physicians 

and nurses about cancer pain treatment. Acta Clin Belg 

99;54(6):346-50. [Rec#: 10728] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dey AN. Characteristics of elderly home health care users. 

Data from the 1993 National Home and Hospice Care 

Survey. Adv Data 96;(272):1-12. [Rec#: 1802] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dey AN. Characteristics of elderly home health care users: 

data from the 1994 National Home and Hospice Care 

Survey. Adv Data 96;(279):1-12. [Rec#: 1803] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Dharmarajan TS, Unnikrishnan D, and Pitchumoni CS. 

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and outcome in 

dementia. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96(9):2556-63. 

[Rec#: 31310] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dharmasena HP and Forbes K. Palliative care for patients 

with non-malignant disease: will hospital physicians 

refer? Palliat Med 2001;15(5):413-8. [Rec#: 10732] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Di Blasi Z, Harkness E, Ernst E, Georgiou A, Kleijnen J. 

Health and patient practitioner interactions: a systematic 

review. 1996;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50848] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Di Lorenzo G, Autorino R, Ciardiello F, Raben D, Bianco C, 

Troiani T, Pizza C, De Laurentiis M, Pensabene M, 

D'Armiento M, Bianco AR, and De Placido S. External 

beam radiotherapy in bone metastatic prostate cancer: 

impact on patients' pain relief and quality of life. Oncol 

Rep 2003;10(2):399-404. [Rec#: 1810] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Di Maio M, Perrone F, Gallo C, Iaffaioli RV, Manzione L, 

Piantedosi FV, Cigolari S, Illiano A, Barbera S, 

Robbiati SF, Piazza E, Ianniello GP, Frontini L, Veltri 

E, Castiglione F, Rosetti F, De Maio E, Maione P, 

Gridelli C, Rossi A, Barletta E, Barzelloni ML, 

Signoriello G, Bilancia D, Dinota A, Rosati G, Germano 

D, Lamberti A, Pontillo V, Brancacio L, Crispino C, 

Esposito M, Battiloro C, Tufano G, Cioffi A, 

Guardasole V, Angelini V, Guidetti G, Barbera S, 

Renda F, Romano F, Volpintesta A, Robbiati SF, 

Sannicolo M, Filipazzi V, Esani G, Gambaro A, 

Ferrario S, Tinessa V, Caprio MG, Zonato S, Cabiddu 

M, Raina A, Veltri E, D'Aprile M, Pistillucci G, Porcile 

G, Ostellino O, Vinante O, Azzarello G, Gebbia V, 

Borsellino N, Testa A, Gasparini G, Morabito A, 

Gattuso D, Romito S, Carrozza F, Fava S, Calcagno A, 

Grimi E, Bertetto O, Ciuffreda L, Parello G, Maiorino 

L, Santoro A, Santoro M, Failla G, Aiello RA, Bearz A, 

Sorio R, Scalone S, Clerici M, Bollina R, Belloni P, 

Sacco C, Sibau A, Adamo V, Altavilla G, Scimone A, 

Spatafora M, Bellia V, Hopps MR, Monfardini S, 

Favaretto A, Stefani M, Corradini GM, Pavia G, 

Scagliotti G, Novello S, Selvaggi G, Tonato M, Darwish 

S, Michetti G, Belometti MO, Labianca R, Quadri A, 

De Marinis F, Migliorino MR, Martelli O, Colucci G, 

Galetta D, Giotta F, Isa L, Candido P, Rossi N, 

Calandriello A, Ferrau F, Malaponte E, Barni S, 

Cazzaniga M, Gebbia N, Valerio MR, Belli M, 

Colantuoni G, Capuano MA, Angiolillo M, Sollitto F, 

Ardizzoia A, Luporini G, Locatelli MC, Pari F, Aitini E, 

Pedicini T, Febbraro A, Zollo C, Di Costanzo F, 

Bartolucci R, Gasperoni S, Gaion F, Palazzolo G, 

Galligioni E, Caffo O, Cortesi E, D'Auria G, Curcio C, 

Vasta M, Bumma C, Celano A, Bretti S, Nettis G, 

Anselmo A, Mattioli R, Nistico C, Aschelter A, and Foa 

P. Supportive care in patients with advanced 

non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 

2003;89(6):1013-21. [Rec#: 1812] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Di Mauro S, Scalia G, Leotta C, Giuffrida F, Di Stefano A, 

and Malaguarnera M. The care of elderly, terminally ill 

oncological patients in caregiving sanitary residences. 

Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2000;31(1):85-94. [Rec#: 1813] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-53 

Di Mola G and Crisci MT. Attitudes towards death and dying 

in a representative sample of the Italian population. 

Palliat Med 2001;15(5):372-8. [Rec#: 10734] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Di Mola G, Tamburini M, and Fusco C. The role of 

volunteers in alleviating grief. J Palliat Care 

90;6(1):6-10. [Rec#: 10735] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Diamond EF and Linacre Institute. Determination of death. 

Linacre Q 90;57(4):46-58. [Rec#: 10739] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Diamond EF. Brain-based determination of death revisited. 

Linacre Q 98;65(4):71-80. [Rec#: 10737] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dick BW, Gordon RL, LaBerge JM, Doherty MM, and Ring 

EJ. Percutaneous transhepatic placement of biliary 

endoprostheses: results in 100 consecutive patients. J 

Vasc Interv Radiol 90;1(1):97-100. [Rec#: 10742] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Dickerson DA. A doctor's duty to disclose life expectancy 

information to terminally ill patients. Clevel State Law 

Rev 95;43(2):319-50. [Rec#: 10745] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dickey NW. Pain management at the end of life. J Orthop 

Sports Phys Ther 96;24(4):237-9. [Rec#: 10746] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Dickinson GE and Field D. Teaching end-of-life issues: 

current status in United Kingdom and United States 

medical schools. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(3):181-6. [Rec#: 10748] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dickinson GE and Tournier RE. A decade beyond medical 

school: a longitudinal study of physicians' attitudes 

toward death and terminally-ill patients. Soc Sci Med 

94;38(10):1397-400. [Rec#: 1821] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dickinson GE and Tournier RE. A longitudinal study of sex 

differences in how physicians relate to dying patients. J 

Am Med Womens Assoc 93;48(1):19-22. [Rec#: 1822] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Dickinson GE, Tournier RE, and Still BJ. Twenty years 

beyond medical school: physicians' attitudes toward 

death and terminally ill patients. Arch Intern Med 

99;159(15):1741-4. [Rec#: 1823] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dicks B. Palliative care for cancer patients. Nurs Stand 

90;4(33):24-5. [Rec#: 10749] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dicks B. Rehydration or dehydration? Support Care Cancer 

94;2(2):88-90. [Rec#: 10750] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Diehl V. Controversies in terminal cancer care. Support 

Care Cancer 94;2(2):82-7. [Rec#: 10751] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Diehr P and Patrick DL. Trajectories of health for older 

adults over time: accounting fully for death. Ann Intern 

Med 2003;139(5 Pt 2):416-20. [Rec#: 1827] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Diehr P, Patrick DL, Spertus J, Kiefe CI, McDonell M, and 

Fihn SD. Transforming self-rated health and the SF-36 

scales to include death and improve interpretability. 

Med Care 2001;39(7):670-80. [Rec#: 1828] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Diehr P, Williamson J, Burke GL, and Psaty BM. The aging 

and dying processes and the health of older adults. J 

Clin Epidemiol 2002;55(3):269-78. [Rec#: 1829] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Diener E, Wirtz D, and Oishi S. End effects of rated life 

quality: the James Dean Effect. Psychol Sci 

2001;12(2):124-8. [Rec#: 1831] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Diller PM, Smucker DR, and David B. Comanagement of 

patients with congestive heart failure by family 

physicians and cardiologists: frequency, timing, and 

patient characteristics. J Fam Pract 99;48(3):188-95. 

Comment in: J Fam Pract. 1999 Mar;48(3):177-9. PMID: 

10086759. [Rec#: 50022] 

In abstract review process 

Dillon M and Lucas C. Auricular stud acupuncture in 

palliative care patients. Palliat Med 99;13(3):253-4. 

[Rec#: 1841] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

DiMaggio JR. Educating psychiatry residents about death 

and dying. A national survey. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 

93;15(3):166-70. [Rec#: 1842] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dimoliatis I. Lord, now you are letting your servant depart in 

peace: a theoretical model, combining quality of life and 

years of life, which offers clues for the proper time to 

die with dignity. Med Law 2000;19(3):635-55. 

[Rec#: 10754] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-54 

Dimond EP. The oncology nurse's role in patient advance 

directives. Oncol Nurs Forum 92;19(6):891-6. 

[Rec#: 1846] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Dimond M, Caserta M, and Lund D. Understanding 

depression in bereaved older adults. Clin Nurs Res 

94;3(3):253-68. [Rec#: 1847] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Dinwiddie LC. Insight into the ESRD Workgroup Final 

Report Summary on end-of-life care. Nephrol Nurs J 

2003;30(1):58. [Rec#: 10761] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Disease management programs help cut costs, improve care. 

Health Care Cost Reengineering Rep 98;3(12):181-6. 

[Rec#: 50023] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ditillo BA. Planning end of life care. J Am Acad Nurse 

Pract 99;11(6):243-8. [Rec#: 10765] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ditillo BA. Should there be a choice for cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation when death is expected? Revisiting an old 

idea whose time is yet to come. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(1):107-16. [Rec#: 10766] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ditillo BA. The emergence of palliative care: a new 

specialized field of medicine requiring an 

interdisciplinary approach. Crit Care Nurs Clin North 

Am 2002;14(2):127-32. [Rec#: 10764] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ditto PH, Danks JH, Smucker WD, Bookwala J, Coppola 

KM, Dresser R, Fagerlin A, Gready RM, Houts RM, 

Lockhart LK, and Zyzanski S. Advance directives as 

acts of communication: a randomized controlled trial. 

Arch Intern Med 2001;161(3):421-30. [Rec#: 1852] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Ditto PH, Smucker WD, Danks JH, Jacobson JA, Houts RM, 

Fagerlin A, Coppola KM, and Gready RM. Stability of 

older adults' preferences for life-sustaining medical 

treatment. Health Psychol 2003;22(6):605-15. 

[Rec#: 1854] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Diver F, Molassiotis A, and Weeks L. The palliative care 

needs of ethnic minority patients: staff perspectives. Int 

J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(8):343-51. Comment in: Int J 

Palliat Nurs. 2003 Oct;9(10):454-5. PMID: 14649658. 

Comment in: Int J Palliat Nurs. 2003 Oct;9(10):454-5. 

PMID: 14649659. [Rec#: 1855] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Diver F, Molassiotis A, and Weeks L. The palliative care 

needs of ethnic minority patients attending a day-care 

centre: a qualitative study. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2003;9(9):389-96. [Rec#: 10768] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Diver, F., Molassiotis, A., and Weeks, L. The palliative care 

needs [correction neds] of ethnic minority patients 

attending a day-care centre: a qualitative study. 

International Journal of Palliative Nursing 

2003;9(9):389-96. [Rec#: 50383] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Dixon P. Palliative radiotherapy in Canada. Can J Oncol 

96;6 Suppl 1:74-83; discussion 84. [Rec#: 10770] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Dixon S, Fortner J, and Travis SS. Barriers, challenges, and 

opportunities related to the provision of hospice care in 

assisted-living communities. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(3):187-92. [Rec#: 1857] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

DM programs take different roads to CHF success. Clin 

Resour Manag 2001;2(2):20-5, 18. [Rec#: 50024] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Do hospital-based palliative teans improve care for patients 

or families at the end of life? 2003;3:<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50160] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Do specialist palliative care teams improve outcomes for 

cancer patients: a systematic literature review 

(Structured Abstract). 2003;3:<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50161] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dobratz MC, Wade R, Herbst L, and Ryndes T. Pain efficacy 

in home hospice patients. A longitudinal study. Cancer 

Nurs 91;14(1):20-6. [Rec#: 1871] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Dobratz MC. Causal influences of psychological adaptation 

in dying. West J Nurs Res 93;15(6):708-24; discussion 

724-9. [Rec#: 1866] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dobratz MC. Hospice nursing. Present perspectives and 

future directives. Cancer Nurs 90;13(2):116-22. 

[Rec#: 10774] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dobratz MC. The Life Closure Scale: a measure of 

psychological adaptation in death and dying. Hosp J 

90;6(3):1-15. [Rec#: 1868] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-55 

Dobrin A and Beder J. Death in a religious community. J 

Pastoral Care Counsel 2002;56(3):233-42. 

[Rec#: 10775] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dodwell D, Bond M, Elwell C, Gildersleve J, Parmar S, 

Owens J, Bulman A, Crellin A, and Ash D. Effect of 

medical audit on prescription of palliative radiotherapy. 

BMJ 93;307(6895):24-5. [Rec#: 10778] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dodwell DJ, Rathmell AJ, and Ash DV. Assessment of 

palliative chemotherapy: a step beyond response. Clin 

Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 93;5(2):114-7. [Rec#: 10779] 

In abstract review process 

Dolan, J. T., Miltenburg, D. M., Granchi, T. S., Miller, C. C. 

3rd, and Brunicardi, F. C. Treatment of metastatic breast 

cancer with somatostatin analogues--a meta-analysis. 

Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8(3):227-33. [Rec#: 50126] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

D'Olimpio J. Contemporary drug therapy in palliative care: 

new directions. Cancer Invest 2001;19(4):413-23. 

[Rec#: 10548] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Donaghy K and Devlin B. An evaluation of teamwork within 

a specialist palliative care unit. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(11):518-25. [Rec#: 10788] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Donaldson MS and Field MJ. Measuring quality of care at 

the end of life. Arch Intern Med 98;158(2):121-8. 

[Rec#: 10791] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Donaldson MS. The importance of measuring quality of care 

at the end of life. Hosp J 98;13(1-2):117-38. 

[Rec#: 10790] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Donaldson N. Terminal fears and panic. Accid Emerg Nurs 

98;6(1):41-2. [Rec#: 10792] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Donnelly JM, Kornblith AB, Fleishman S, Zuckerman E, 

Raptis G, Hudis CA, Hamilton N, Payne D, Massie MJ, 

Norton L, and Holland JC. A pilot study of 

interpersonal psychotherapy by telephone with cancer 

patients and their partners. Psychooncology 

2000;9(1):44-56. [Rec#: 1894] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Donnelly S. Quality-of-life assessment in advanced cancer. 

Curr Oncol Rep 2000;2(4):338-42. [Rec#: 10797] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Donnelly S. Traditions associated with dying in the west of 

Scotland. J Palliat Care 99;15(4):64-9. [Rec#: 10798] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

D'Onofrio C and Ryndes T. The relevance of public health in 

improving access to end of life care. Hastings Cent Rep 

2003;Suppl:S30-2. [Rec#: 10549] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Donovan JM. Validation of a Portuguese form of Templer's 

Death Anxiety Scale. Psychol Rep 93;73(1):195-200. 

[Rec#: 1898] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Donovan MI and Miaskowski C. Striving for a standard of 

pain relief. Am J Nurs 92;92(3):106-7. [Rec#: 10800] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Doolittle GC, Yaezel A, Otto F, and Clemens C. Hospice 

care using home-based telemedicine systems. J 

Telemed Telecare 98;4 Suppl 1:58-9. [Rec#: 10803] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Doolittle GC. A cost measurement study for a home-based 

telehospice service. J Telemed Telecare 2000;6 Suppl 

1:S193-5. [Rec#: 10801] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Doorenbos AZ and Schim SM. Cultural competence in 

hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2004;21(1):28-32. 

[Rec#: 1904] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Doorenbos AZ and Schim SM. Cultural competence in 

hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2004;21(1):28-32. 

[Rec#: 40898] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Doorley J, Hobbs M, Delaney E, and Murphy J. The role of 

nebulized opioids in managing terminal dyspnea: 

implications for the clinical nurse specialist. Clin Nurse 

Spec 2003;17(1):19-21. [Rec#: 10804] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Doran M. The presence of family during brain stem death 

testing. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2004;20(1):32-7. 

[Rec#: 10805] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dorfman LT, Holmes CA, and Berlin KL. Service utilization 

by wife caregivers of frail older veterans. Soc Work 

Health Care 97;26(2):33-52. [Rec#: 40900] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Dossetor J and MacDonald N. Ethics of palliative care in the 

context of limited resources: an essay on the need for 

attitudinal change. J Palliat Care 94;10(3):39-42. 

[Rec#: 10806] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-56 

Doty L, Heilman KM, Stewart JT, Bowers D, and Rothi LJ. 

Case management in Alzheimer's disease. J Case 

Manag 93;2(4):130-6. [Rec#: 10809] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dougenis D, Petsas T, Bouboulis N, Leukaditou C, Vagenas 

C, Kardamakis D, and Kalfarentzos F. Management of 

non resectable malignant esophageal stricture and 

fistula. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 97;11(1):38-45. 

[Rec#: 1914] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dougherty CM. The near-death experience as a major life 

transition. Holist Nurs Pract 90;4(3):84-90. 

[Rec#: 10812] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Doughty RN and Sharpe N. Effects of beta-blockers on 

symptoms and exercise tolerance in patients with heart 

failure. J Cardiovasc Risk 99;6(3):151-6. [Rec#: 31372] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Doughty RN, Wright SP, Pearl A, Walsh HJ, Muncaster S, 

Whalley GA, Gamble G, and Sharpe N. Randomized, 

controlled trial of integrated heart failure management: 

The Auckland Heart Failure Management Study. Eur 

Heart J 2002;23(2):139-46. Comment in: Eur Heart J. 

2002 Jan;23(2):101-2. PMID: 11785989. [Rec#: 31373] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Douglas C. For all the saints. BMJ 92;304(6826):479. 

[Rec#: 10814] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Douglas DB. Hypnosis: useful, neglected, available. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 99;16(5):665-70. [Rec#: 1916] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Douglas HR, Halliday D, Normand C, Corner J, Bath P, 

Beech N, Clark D, Hughes P, Marples R, Seymour J, 

Skilbeck J, and Webb T. Economic evaluation of 

specialist cancer and palliative nursing: Macmillan 

evaluation study findings. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2003;9(10):429-38. Comment in: Int J Palliat Nurs. 

2003 Oct;9(10):438. PMID: 14649656. [Rec#: 10815] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Douglas HR, Normand CE, Higginson IJ, Goodwin DM, 

Myers K, and Palliative Day Care Project Group. 

Palliative day care: what does it cost to run a centre and 

does attendance affect use of other services? Palliat 

Med 2003;17(7):628-37. [Rec#: 10817] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Douglas R and Brown HN. Patients' attitudes toward advance 

directives. J Nurs Scholarsh 2002;34(1):61-5. 

[Rec#: 1918] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Douglas S, Daly B, Rudy E, Song R, Dyer MA, and 

Montenegro H. The cost-effectiveness of a special care 

unit to care for the chronically critically ill. J Nurs Adm 

95;25(11):47-53. [Rec#: 40908] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Doukas DJ and Gorenflo DW. Analyzing the values history: 

an evaluation of patient medical values and advance 

directives. J Clin Ethics 93;4(1):41-5. [Rec#: 1921] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Doukas DJ and Hardwig J. Using the family covenant in 

planning end-of-life care: obligations and promises of 

patients, families, and physicians. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2003;51(8):1155-8. [Rec#: 10823] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Doukas DJ and McCullough LB. The values history. The 

evaluation of the patient's values and advance directives. 

J Fam Pract 91;32(2):145-53. Comment in: Fam Med. 

1994 Nov-Dec;26(10):610-1. PMID: 7859949. 

[Rec#: 10824] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dow KH. The enduring seasons in survival. Oncol Nurs 

Forum 90;17(4):511-6. Comment in: Oncol Nurs 

Forum. 1991 Apr;18(3):476. PMID: 2057392. 

[Rec#: 10825] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dowd SB, Poole VL, Davidhizar R, and Giger JN. Death, 

dying and grief in a transcultural context: application of 

the Giger and Davidhizar assessment model. Hosp J 

98;13(4):33-56. [Rec#: 10826] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dowdney L. Childhood bereavement following parental 

death. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2000;41(7):819-30. 

[Rec#: 40914] 

In abstract review process 

Downey RJ. Surgical management of lung cancer. J Thorac 

Imaging 99;14(4):266-9. [Rec#: 10832] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Doyle C, Crump M, Pintilie M, and Oza AM. Does palliative 

chemotherapy palliate? Evaluation of expectations, 

outcomes, and costs in women receiving chemotherapy 

for advanced ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 

2001;19(5):1266-74. [Rec#: 1930] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Doyle C, Stockler M, Pintilie M, Panesar P, Warde P, 

Sturgeon J, and Oza AM. Resource implications of 

palliative chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. J Clin 

Oncol 97;15(3):1000-7. [Rec#: 1931] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-57 

Doyle D. A home care service for terminally ill patients in 

Edinburgh. Health Bull (Edinb) 91;49(1):14-23. 

[Rec#: 1932] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Doyle D. Have we looked beyond the physical and 

psychosocial? J Pain Symptom Manage 

92;7(5):302-11. Comment in: J Pain Symptom Manage. 

1994 Aug;9(6):359-61. PMID: 7963788. [Rec#: 10835] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Doyle M, Johnstone PA, and Watkins EB. Role of radiation 

therapy in management of pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. 

South Med J 93;86(3):285-8. [Rec#: 10839] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Doyle, J., Walker, P., and Bruera, E. Nebulized scopolamine. 

Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

2000;19(5):327-8. [Rec#: 50386] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Doyle-Brown M. The transitional phase: the closing journey 

for patients and family caregivers. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2000;17(5):354-7. [Rec#: 10834] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dozor RB and Addison RB. Toward a good death: an 

interpretive investigation of family practice residents' 

practices with dying patients. Fam Med 

92;24(7):538-43. [Rec#: 10840] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Draper BM, Poulos CJ, Cole AM, Poulos RG, and Ehrlich F. 

A comparison of caregivers for elderly stroke and 

dementia victims. J Am Geriatr Soc 92;40(9):896-901. 

Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1993 Apr;41(4):466-7. 

PMID: 8463543. [Rec#: 31391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Draper BM. Prevention of suicide in old age. Med J Aust 

95;162(10):533-4. [Rec#: 1935] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Draper P. Compromise, massive encouragement and forcing: 

a discussion of mechanisms used to limit the choices 

available to the older adult in hospital. J Clin Nurs 

96;5(5):325-31. [Rec#: 40920] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Drayer, R. A. Patients who refuse food and fluids to hasten 

death. New England Journal of Medicine 

2003;349(18):1777-9; author reply 1777-9. 

[Rec#: 50387] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Drazen JM. Decisions at the end of life. N Engl J Med 

2003;349(12):1109-10. Comment on: N Engl J Med. 

2003 Sep 18;349(12):1123-32. PMID: 13679526. 

Comment in: N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 

25;349(26):2565-7; author reply 2565-7. PMID: 

14699649. [Rec#: 10843] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Drew M and Irwin M. Providing hospice care in rural Texas. 

Tex Med 2001;97(8):52-5. [Rec#: 1937] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Driscoll, J. Spirituality and religion in end-of-life care. 

Journal of Palliative Medicine 2001;4(3):333-5. 

[Rec#: 50388] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Drolet JL. Transcending death during early adulthood: 

symbolic immortality, death anxiety, and purpose in 

life. J Clin Psychol 90;46(2):148-60. [Rec#: 1940] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Droughton ML. Head and neck carcinomas. J Palliat Care 

90;6(4):43-6. [Rec#: 1941] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Druley JA, Ditto PH, Moore KA, Danks JH, Townsend A, 

and Smucker WD. Physicians' predictions of elderly 

outpatients' preferences for life-sustaining treatment. J 

Fam Pract 93;37(5):469-75. [Rec#: 1943] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Drummond SH, Peterson GM, Galloway JG, and Keefe PA. 

National survey of drug use in palliative care. Palliat 

Med 96;10(2):119-24. [Rec#: 10850] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Du Pen, S. L., Du Pen, A. R., Polissar, N., Hansberry, J., 

Kraybill, B. M., Stillman, M., Panke, J., Everly, R., and 

Syrjala, K. Implementing guidelines for cancer pain 

management: results of a randomized controlled clinical 

trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 99;17(1):361-70. 

[Rec#: 50389] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Du W, DiLuca C, and Growdon JH. Weight loss in 

Alzheimer's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 

93;6(1):34-8. [Rec#: 31399] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Dubler NN. The collision of confinement and care: 

end-of-life care in prisons and jails. J Law Med Ethics 

98;26(2):149-56. [Rec#: 1950] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dubois MY, Fine PG, Fischberg D, Ferrell B, and Taylor 

ML. Pain management at the end of life: often a 

difficult call. Pain Med 2003;4(1):81-4. [Rec#: 10855] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-58 

Ducharme J. Acute pain and pain control: state of the art. 

Ann Emerg Med 2000;35(6):592-603. Erratum in: Ann 

Emerg Med 2000 Aug;36(2):171. [Rec#: 10857] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Duckworth RM, Sproat GW, Morien M, and Jeffrey TB. 

Acute bereavement services and routine referral as a 

mechanism to increase donation. J Transpl Coord 

98;8(1):16-8. [Rec#: 10858] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Duda M, Herman J, and Stehlik D. The role of a surgeon in a 

palliative treatment of tumours. Acta Univ Palacki 

Olomuc Fac Med 2000;143:80-1. [Rec#: 10859] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Dudgeon DJ. Managing dyspnea and cough. Hematol Oncol 

Clin North Am 2002;16(3):557-77, viii. [Rec#: 10860] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Dudgeon DJ. Physician/nursing roles and perspectives in 

relationship to delivery of palliative care. Ann Acad 

Med Singapore 94;23(2):249-51. [Rec#: 10861] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dudgeon, D. J. and Kristjanson, L. Home versus hospital 

death: assessment of preferences and clinical 

challenges. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association 

Journal 95;152(3):337-40. [Rec#: 50390] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dudgeon, D. J., Kristjanson, L., Sloan, J. A., Lertzman, M., 

and Clement, K. Dyspnea in cancer patients: prevalence 

and associated factors. Journal of Pain & Symptom 

Management 2001;21(2):95-102. [Rec#: 50391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Dudley JR, Smith C, and Millison MB. Unfinished business: 

assessing the spiritual needs of hospice clients. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 95;12(2):30-7. [Rec#: 10863] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Duffey G. Can we afford to be passive in an aggressive 

environment? Am J Hosp Palliat Care 98;15(6):361-3. 

[Rec#: 10864] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Duffy J. How we die in America--our crisis in American 

health caring. Conn Med 2002;66(11):649-54. 

[Rec#: 10865] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Duffy SA and Jackson F. Stressors affecting hospice nurses. 

Home Healthc Nurse 96;14(1):54-60. [Rec#: 1956] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Duffy TP. When to let go. N Engl J Med 92;326(14):933-5. 

Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1992 Sep 3;327(10):737-8. 

PMID: 1463532. [Rec#: 1957] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dugan DC. Pain and the ethics of pain management. HEC 

Forum 96;8(6):330-9. [Rec#: 10866] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Duggleby W. Elderly hospice cancer patients' descriptions of 

their pain experiences. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2000;17(2):111-7. [Rec#: 1958] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Duggleby W. Enduring suffering: a grounded theory analysis 

of the pain experience of elderly hospice patients with 

cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2000;27(5):825-31. 

Comment in: Oncol Nurs Forum. 2000 Oct;27(9):1353. 

PMID: 11058967. [Rec#: 1959] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Duggleby W. The language of pain at the end of life. Pain 

Manag Nurs 2002;3(4):154-60. [Rec#: 1960] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Duggleby, W. The language of pain at the end of life. Pain 

Management Nursing 2002;3(4):154-60. [Rec#: 50392] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Duhamel F and Dupuis F. Families in palliative care: 

exploring family and health-care professionals' beliefs. 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(3):113-9. [Rec#: 10868] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Duijts SF, Zeegers MP, and Borne BV. The association 

between stressful life events and breast cancer risk: a 

meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2003;107(6):1023-9. 

[Rec#: 10870] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Duke S. An analytical study of the changing health of a 

hospice population 1978-89. Palliat Med 

97;11(2):145-51. [Rec#: 1961] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Duke S. An exploration of anticipatory grief: the lived 

experience of people during their spouses' terminal 

illness and in bereavement. J Adv Nurs 

98;28(4):829-39. [Rec#: 10872] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Dukes RL and Denny HC. Prejudice toward persons living 

with a fatal illness. Psychol Rep 95;76(3 Pt 2):1107-14. 

[Rec#: 1963] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dunham W, Bolden J, and Kvale E. Obstacles to the delivery 

of acceptable standards of care in rural home hospices. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(4):259-61. Comment 

in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2003 Sep-Oct;20(5):334. 

PMID: 14529034. [Rec#: 1971] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-59 

Dunn A, Carter J, and Carter H. Anemia at the end of life: 

prevalence, significance, and causes in patients 

receiving palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;26(6):1132-9. [Rec#: 1972] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Dunn GP and Milch RA. Introduction and historical 

background of palliative care: where does the surgeon 

fit in? J Am Coll Surg 2001;193(3):325-8. 

[Rec#: 10880] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dunn GP and Milch RA. Is this a bad day, or one of the last 

days? How to recognize and respond to approaching 

demise. J Am Coll Surg 2002;195(6):879-87. 

[Rec#: 10881] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dunn GP, Milch RA, Mosenthal AC, Lee KF, Easson AM, 

and Huffman JL. Palliative care by the surgeon: how to 

do it. J Am Coll Surg 2002;194(4):509-37. 

[Rec#: 10882] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dunn GP. Patient assessment in palliative care: how to see 

the "big picture" and what to do when "there is no more 

we can do". J Am Coll Surg 2001;193(5):565-73. 

[Rec#: 10879] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dunn MJ. 'Modern medicine' includes pain management and 

sensitive end-of-life care. WMJ 2001;100(5):67-8. 

[Rec#: 10883] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dunn RW and Reichenfeld HF. Quality end-of-life care. 

Ann R Coll Physicians Surg Can 2002;35(4):246. 

[Rec#: 1973] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dunne K and Coates VE. Care study: providing effective 

care in palliative nursing. Br J Nurs 99;8(21):1428-34. 

[Rec#: 1975] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dunne K and Sullivan K. Family experiences of palliative 

care in the acute hospital setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2000;6(4):170-8. [Rec#: 10887] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Dunne T. Spiritual care at the end of life. Hastings Cent Rep 

2001;31(2):22-6. [Rec#: 10888] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dunniece U and Slevin E. Nurses' experiences of being 

present with a patient receiving a diagnosis of cancer. J 

Adv Nurs 2000;32(3):611-8. [Rec#: 1978] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dunphy K, Finlay I, Rathbone G, Gilbert J, and Hicks F. 

Rehydration in palliative and terminal care: if not--why 

not? Palliat Med 95;9(3):221-8. Comment in: Palliat 

Med. 1996 Apr;10(2):165-6. PMID: 8800825. 

[Rec#: 10891] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dunphy K. Futilitarianism: knowing how much is enough in 

end-of-life health care. Palliat Med 2000;14(4):313-22. 

Comment in: Palliat Med. 2001 Mar;15(2):169. PMID: 

11301671. [Rec#: 10890] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Dunwoody L, Smyth A, and Davidson R. Cancer patients' 

experiences and evaluations of aromatherapy massage 

in palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(10):497-504. [Rec#: 1979] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Dupree CY. The attitudes of black Americans toward 

advance directives. J Transcult Nurs 2000;11(1):12-8. 

[Rec#: 1980] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Durand RP, Dickinson GE, Sumner ED, and Lancaster CJ. 

Family physicians' attitudes toward death and the 

terminally-ill patient. Fam Pract Res J 90;9(2):123-9. 

[Rec#: 1982] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Durham E and Weiss L. How patients die. Am J Nurs 

97;97(12):41-6; quiz 47. [Rec#: 1983] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Durham ES and Weiss L. Coming to terms with death. RN 

92;55(11):23-5. [Rec#: 10897] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Durkin A. Incorporating concepts of end-of-life care into a 

psychiatric nursing course. Nurs Educ Perspect 

2003;24(4):184-5. [Rec#: 10898] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Durkin N. The importance of setting boundaries in home care 

and hospice nursing. Home Healthc Nurse 

2000;18(7):478-81. [Rec#: 10899] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dush DM. High-tech, aggressive palliative care: in the 

service of quality of life. J Palliat Care 93;9(1):37-41. 

[Rec#: 1988] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

DuVal G, Clarridge B, Gensler G, and Danis M. A national 

survey of U.S. internists' experiences with ethical 

dilemmas and ethics consultation. J Gen Intern Med 

2004;19(3):251-8. [Rec#: 1989] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-60 

Dworkind M, Shvartzman P, Adler PS, and Franco ED. 

Urban family physicians and the care of cancer patients. 

Can Fam Physician 94;40:47-50. Comment in: Can Fam 

Physician. 1994 Jan;40:16-9. PMID: 8312750. 

Comment in: Can Fam Physician. 1994 May;40:874. 

PMID: 8038630. [Rec#: 10905] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dyer ID. Breaking the news: informing visitors that a patient 

has died. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 93;9(1):2-10. 

[Rec#: 1993] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Dyer KA. Reshaping our views of death and dying. JAMA 

92;267(9):1265, 1269-70. [Rec#: 10908] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Dzyacky SC and Sheldon M. An acute-care model in the 

management of end-of-life issues. Nurs Case Manag 

99;4(5):228-35. [Rec#: 10911] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Eagar K, Cromwell D, Kennedy C, and Lee L. Classifying 

sub-acute and non-acute patients: results of the New 

South Wales Casemix Area Network study. Aust Health 

Rev 97;20(2):26-42. [Rec#: 10913] 

In abstract review process 

Eakes GG, Burke ML, and Hainsworth MA. Middle-range 

theory of chronic sorrow. Image J Nurs Sch 

98;30(2):179-84. [Rec#: 10915] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Earle CC, Park ER, Lai B, Weeks JC, Ayanian JZ, and Block 

S. Identifying potential indicators of the quality of 

end-of-life cancer care from administrative data. J Clin 

Oncol 2003;21(6):1133-8. [Rec#: 10916] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Early, B. P., Smith, E. D., Todd, L., and Beem, T. The needs 

and supportive networks of the dying: an assessment 

instrument and mapping procedure for hospice patients. 

American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 

2000;17(2):87-96. [Rec#: 50394] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Easson AM, Asch M, and Swallow CJ. Palliative general 

surgical procedures. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 

2001;10(1):161-84. [Rec#: 10918] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Eastaugh AN. Approaches to palliative care by primary 

health care teams: a survey. J Palliat Care 

96;12(4):47-50. [Rec#: 10920] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Easterling LW, Gamino LA, Sewell KW, and Stirman LS. 

Spiritual experience, church attendance, and 

bereavement. J Pastoral Care 2000;54(3):263-75. 

[Rec#: 10921] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Eastham K. Dealing with bereavement in critical care. 

Intensive Care Nurs 90;6(4):185-91. [Rec#: 10922] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ebel S and Langer K. The role of the physical therapist in 

hospice care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 93;10(5):32-5. 

[Rec#: 10924] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ebell, M. H., Becker, L. A., Barry, H. C., and Hagen, M. 

Survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 

A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med 98;13(12):805-16. 

[Rec#: 50127] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Eberhardie C. Nutrition support in palliative care. Nurs 

Stand 2002;17(2):47-52; quiz 54-5. [Rec#: 10926] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Echenique M and Correia MI. Nutrition in advanced 

digestive cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 

2003;6(5):577-80. [Rec#: 10927] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Edwards M. Barriers to effective pain/symptom control. Am 

J Hosp Palliat Care 98;15(2):107-11. [Rec#: 10942] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Edwards M. Being present: experiential connections between 

Zen Buddhist practices and the grieving process. 

Disabil Rehabil 97;19(10):442-51. [Rec#: 10943] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Edwards SD and Forbes K. Nursing practice and the 

definition of human death. Nurs Inq 

2003;10(4):229-35. [Rec#: 10944] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Efficace F and Bottomley A. Assessing HRQOL: a neglected 

issue for high-grade glioma. Lancet Oncol 

2003;4(1):11-2. Comment on: Lancet Oncol. 2002 

Sep;3(9):557-64. PMID: 12217793. Comment in: 

Lancet Oncol. 2003 May;4(5):269-70. PMID: 

12732162. [Rec#: 10945] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Efinger J. Help wanted. A quality needs assessment creates a 

position for a psychiatric clinical nurse specialist. J 

Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 95;33(10):24-30. 

[Rec#: 10946] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-61 

Egleston BL, Rudberg MA, and Brody JA. State variation in 

nursing home mortality outcomes according to 

do-not-resuscitate status. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med 

Sci 2000;55(4):M215-20. [Rec#: 40980] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Eigentler TK, Caroli UM, Radny P, and Garbe C. Palliative 

therapy of disseminated malignant melanoma: a 

systematic review of 41 randomised clinical trials. 

Lancet Oncol 2003;4(12):748-59. [Rec#: 10953] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Eisdorfer, C., Czaja, S. J., Loewenstein, D. A., Rubert, M. P., 

Arguelles, S., Mitrani, V. B., and Szapocznik, J. The 

effect of a family therapy and technology-based 

intervention on caregiver depression. Gerontologist 

2003;43(4):521-31. [Rec#: 50917] 

In abstract review process 

Eisemann M, Eriksson M, Molloy DW, Nordenstam M, and 

Richter J. Attitudes towards self-determination in health 

care -- a general population survey in northern Sweden. 

Eur J Public Health 99;9(1):41-4. [Rec#: 10956] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Eisenberg BL. Surgical palliation of upper gastrointestinal 

cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 95;19(6):338-47. 

[Rec#: 10957] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Eisenberger A and Zeleznik J. Pressure ulcer prevention and 

treatment in hospices: a qualitative analysis. J Palliat 

Care 2003;19(1):9-14. Comment in: J Palliat Care. 2003 

Spring;19(1):5-6. PMID: 12710108. [Rec#: 10958] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Eiser AR and Weiss MD. The underachieving advance 

directive: recommendations for increasing advance 

directive completion. Am J Bioeth 2001;1(4):W10. 

[Rec#: 10961] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ekblad S, Marttila A, and Emilsson M. Cultural challenges in 

end-of-life care: reflections from focus groups' 

interviews with hospice staff in Stockholm. J Adv Nurs 

2000;31(3):623-30. [Rec#: 2053] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ekman I and Ehrenberg A. Fatigue in chronic heart 

failure--does gender make a difference? Eur J 

Cardiovasc Nurs 2002;1(1):77-82. [Rec#: 31455] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Ekman I and Swedberg K. Home-based management of 

patients with chronic heart failure--focus on content not 

just form! Eur Heart J 2002;23(17):1323-5. Comment 

on: Eur Heart J. 2002 Sep;23(17):1369-78. PMID: 

12191748. [Rec#: 50025] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ekman I, Ehnfors M, and Norberg A. The meaning of living 

with severe chronic heart failure as narrated by elderly 

people. Scand J Caring Sci 2000;14(2):130-6. 

[Rec#: 31454] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ekman I, Fagerberg B, and Skoog I. The clinical implications 

of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with chronic 

heart failure. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2001;16(1):47-55. 

[Rec#: 31458] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ekman I, Lundman B, and Norberg A. The meaning of 

hospital care, as narrated by elderly patients with 

chronic heart failure. Heart Lung 99;28(3):203-9. 

[Rec#: 31459] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ekman P. Update on urology--prostate cancer. 3--Systemic 

and palliative treatment of prostate cancer. Eur J Surg 

Oncol 95;21(5):555-7; quiz 557, 567. [Rec#: 10963] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Elash A. Freestanding hospices ease pressure on physicians, 

hospitals, MD says. CMAJ 98;158(13):1757-8. 

[Rec#: 10966] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Elder NC, Schneider FD, Zweig SC, Peters PG Jr, and Ely 

JW. Community attitudes and knowledge about advance 

care directives. J Am Board Fam Pract 92;5(6):565-72. 

[Rec#: 2058] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Elger BS and Chevrolet JC. Attitudes of health care workers 

towards waking a terminally ill patient in the intensive 

care unit for treatment decisions. Intensive Care Med 

2003;29(3):487-90. [Rec#: 10967] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Elger BS and Harding TW. Terminally ill patients and 

Jehovah's Witnesses: teaching acceptance of patients' 

refusals of vital treatments. Med Educ 

2002;36(5):479-88. Comment in: Med Educ. 2002 

May;36(5):410-1. PMID: 12028389. [Rec#: 2063] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Eliasson AH, Howard RS, Torrington KG, Dillard TA, and 

Phillips YY. Do-not-resuscitate decisions in the medical 

ICU: comparing physician and nurse opinions. Chest 

97;111(4):1106-11. [Rec#: 40990] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Eliott J and Olver I. The discursive properties of "hope": a 

qualitative analysis of cancer patients' speech. Qual 

Health Res 2002;12(2):173-93. [Rec#: 10971] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-62 

Eliott JA and Olver IN. Legitimating do-not-resuscitate 

orders: a discursive study of cancer patients' speech. J 

Palliat Care 2003;19(2):100-6. [Rec#: 10972] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Eliott JA and Olver IN. Perceptions of "good palliative care" 

orders: a discursive study of cancer patients' comments. 

J Palliat Med 2003;6(1):59-68. [Rec#: 10973] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

el-Kamar FG, Grossbard ML, and Kozuch PS. Metastatic 

pancreatic cancer: emerging strategies in chemotherapy 

and palliative care. Oncologist 2003;8(1):18-34. 

[Rec#: 10964] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Ellermann CR and Reed PG. Self-transcendence and 

depression in middle-age adults. West J Nurs Res 

2001;23(7):698-713. [Rec#: 2072] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ellershaw J and Ward C. Care of the dying patient: the last 

hours or days of life. BMJ 2003;326(7379):30-4. 

Comment in: BMJ. 2003 Jan 4;326(7379):30-4. PMID: 

12516617. Comment in: BMJ. 2003 Jul 

26;327(7408):221-2. PMID: 12881271. Comment in: 

BMJ. 2003 Jul 26;327(7408):222. PMID: 12881276. 

Comment in: BMJ. 2003 Jul 26;327(7408):222-3. 

PMID: 12881275. Comme. [Rec#: 10975] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ellershaw J, Smith C, Overill S, Walker SE, and Aldridge J. 

Care of the dying: setting standards for symptom control 

in the last 48 hours of life. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;21(1):12-7. [Rec#: 2073] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ellershaw JE, Peat SJ, and Boys LC. Assessing the 

effectiveness of a hospital palliative care team. Palliat 

Med 95;9(2):145-52. [Rec#: 10976] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ellershaw JE, Sutcliffe JM, and Saunders CM. Dehydration 

and the dying patient. J Pain Symptom Manage 

95;10(3):192-7. [Rec#: 2075] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Ellershaw, J. E., Jack, B. A., Gambles, M., and Murphy, D. 

'If only someone had told me ...' a review of the care of 

patients dying in hospital. Clin Med 2003;3(5):483. 

[Rec#: 50397] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Elliott D. Measuring the health outcomes of general ICU 

patients: a systematic review of methods and findings. 

Aust Crit Care 99;12(4):132-40. [Rec#: 40992] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Elliott TE. Pain control at the end of life. Minn Med 

97;80(11):27-32. [Rec#: 10979] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ellis FH Jr, Williamson WA, and Heatley GJ. Cancer of the 

esophagus and cardia: does age influence treatment 

selection and surgical outcomes? J Am Coll Surg 

98;187(4):345-51. Comment in: J Am Coll Surg. 1998 

Oct;187(4):427-8. PMID: 9783791. [Rec#: 2078] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Ellis J. Pronouncing and certifying death. RNABC News 

90;22(1):22. [Rec#: 10981] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ellis MR, Campbell JD, Detwiler-Breidenbach A, and 

Hubbard DK. What do family physicians think about 

spirituality in clinical practice? J Fam Pract 

2002;51(3):249-54. [Rec#: 40995] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ellis R and Gregor A. The treatment of brain metastases 

from lung cancer. Lung Cancer 98;20(2):81-4. 

[Rec#: 10982] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ellis S. The patient-centred care model: 

holistic/multiprofessional/reflective. Br J Nurs 

99;8(5):296-301. [Rec#: 10983] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ellis V, Hill J, and Campbell H. Strengthening the family 

unit through the healing power of massage. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 95;12(5):19-20, 21. [Rec#: 10984] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ellison NM and Ptacek JT. Physician interactions with 

families and caregivers after a patient's death: current 

practices and proposed changes. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(1):49-55. [Rec#: 10988] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Ellison NM. Palliative chemotherapy. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 98;15(2):93-103. [Rec#: 10987] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Ellison S. Nurses' attitudes toward family presence during 

resuscitative efforts and invasive procedures. J Emerg 

Nurs 2003;29(6):515-21. [Rec#: 2082] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ellul JP and Morgan R. Palliation of malignant dysphagia 

from oesophageal cancer. Br J Hosp Med 

96;55(5):272-4. [Rec#: 10989] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-63 

Elmstahl S and Wahlfrid C. Increased medical attention 

needed for frail elderly initially admitted to the 

emergency department for lack of community support. 

Aging (Milano) 99;11(1):56-60. [Rec#: 50027] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Elpern EH, Yellen SB, and Burton LA. A preliminary 

investigation of opinions and behaviors regarding 

advance directives for medical care. Am J Crit Care 

93;2(2):161-7. [Rec#: 2086] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

el-Rayes BF, Shields AF, Vaitkevicius V, and Philip PA. 

Developments in the systemic therapy of pancreatic 

cancer. Cancer Invest 2003;21(1):73-86. [Rec#: 10965] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Elsdon R. Spiritual pain in dying people: the nurse's role. 

Prof Nurse 95;10(10):641-3. [Rec#: 10992] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Elsey B and McIntyre J. Assessing a support and learning 

network for palliative care workers in a country area of 

South Australia. Aust J Rural Health 96;4(3):159-64. 

[Rec#: 10994] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ely JW, Levinson W, Elder NC, Mainous AG 3rd, and 

Vinson DC. Perceived causes of family physicians' 

errors. J Fam Pract 95;40(4):337-44. Comment in: J 

Fam Pract. 1995 Oct;41(4):328. PMID: 7561704. 

[Rec#: 2089] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Emanuel EJ and Emanuel LL. The economics of dying. The 

illusion of cost savings at the end of life. N Engl J Med 

94;330(8):540-4. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug 

18;331(7):477-8; author reply 478-9. PMID: 8035850. 

Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug 18;331(7):477; 

author reply 478-9. PMID: 8035848. Comment in: N 

Engl J Med. 1994 Aug 18;331(7):477; author reply 

478-9. PMID. [Rec#: 2091] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Emanuel EJ, Ash A, Yu W, Gazelle G, Levinsky NG, 

Saynina O, McClellan M, and Moskowitz M. Managed 

care, hospice use, site of death, and medical 

expenditures in the last year of life. Arch Intern Med 

2002;162(15):1722-8. [Rec#: 2090] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Emanuel EJ. Cost savings at the end of life. What do the data 

show? JAMA 96;275(24):1907-14. Comment in: 

JAMA. 1996 Oct 16;276(15):1217; author reply 1217-8. 

PMID: 8849741. Comment in: JAMA. 1996 Oct 

16;276(15):1217; author reply 1217-8. PMID: 8849740. 

[Rec#: 10995] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Emanuel LL and Emanuel EJ. Decisions at the end of life. 

Guided by communities of patients. Hastings Cent Rep 

93;23(5):6-14. Comment in: Hastings Cent Rep. 1993 

Sep-Oct;23(5):14-5. PMID: 8262763. [Rec#: 10998] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Emanuel LL, Barry MJ, Emanuel EJ, and Stoeckle JD. 

Advance directives: can patients' stated treatment 

choices be used to infer unstated choices? Med Care 

94;32(2):95-105. [Rec#: 2096] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Emanuel LL, von Gunten CF, and Ferris FD. Advance care 

planning. Arch Fam Med 2000;9(10):1181-7. 

[Rec#: 10999] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Emanuel LL, von Gunten CF, and Ferris FD. Gaps in 

end-of-life care. Arch Fam Med 2000;9(10):1176-80. 

[Rec#: 11000] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Emanuel LL. Reexamining death. The asymptotic model and 

a bounded zone definition. Hastings Cent Rep 

95;25(4):27-35. [Rec#: 2095] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Emanuel LL. Structured deliberation to improve 

decisionmaking for the seriously ill. Hastings Cent Rep 

95;25(6):S14-8. [Rec#: 10996] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Embey-Isztin D. Hungary: status of cancer pain and 

palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 93;8(6):420. 

[Rec#: 11001] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Enck RE. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hospice care. 

Am J Hosp Care 90;7(1):9-11. [Rec#: 11006] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Enck RE. Drug-induced terminal sedation for symptom 

control. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 91;8(5):3-5. 

[Rec#: 2102] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Enck RE. Prognostication of survival in hospice care. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(2):11-3. [Rec#: 11008] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Enck RE. The role of palliative surgery in hospice care. Am 

J Hosp Palliat Care 91;8(6):3-6. [Rec#: 11009] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-64 

Ender MG and Hermsen JM. Working with the bereaved: 

U.S. Army experiences with nontraditional families. 

Death Stud 96;20(6):557-75. [Rec#: 11013] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Enes SP and de Vries K. A survey of ethical issues 

experienced by nurses caring for terminally ill elderly 

people. Nurs Ethics 2004;11(2):150-64. [Rec#: 2105] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Enes SP. An exploration of dignity in palliative care. Palliat 

Med 2003;17(3):263-9. [Rec#: 2104] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Eng C. Future consideration for improving end-of-life care 

for older persons: Program of All-inclusive Care for the 

Elderly (PACE). J Palliat Med 2002;5(2):305-10. 

[Rec#: 2106] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Eng MA. The hospice interdisciplinary team: a synergistic 

approach to the care of dying patients and their families. 

Holist Nurs Pract 93;7(4):49-56. [Rec#: 11014] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Eng PM, Rimm EB, Fitzmaurice G, and Kawachi I. Social 

ties and change in social ties in relation to subsequent 

total and cause-specific mortality and coronary heart 

disease incidence in men. Am J Epidemiol 

2002;155(8):700-9. [Rec#: 2107] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Engberg IB. Giving up and withdrawal by ventilator treated 

patients: nurses' experience. Intensive Care Nurs 

91;7(4):200-5. [Rec#: 11015] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Engel J, Ludwig MS, Schubert-Fritschle G, Tretter W, and 

Holzel D. Cancer prevention and the contribution of 

cancer registries. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 

2001;127(6):331-9. [Rec#: 11016] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Engelberg J. On the dynamics of dying. Integr Physiol 

Behav Sci 97;32(2):143-8. [Rec#: 2108] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Engle VF, Fox-Hill E, and Graney MJ. The experience of 

living-dying in a nursing home: self-reports of black and 

white older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 98;46(9):1091-6. 

[Rec#: 2113] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Engle VF. Care of the living, care of the dying: 

reconceptualizing nursing home care. J Am Geriatr Soc 

98;46(9):1172-4. [Rec#: 2112] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Enright BP and Marwit SJ. Diagnosing complicated grief: a 

closer look. J Clin Psychol 2002;58(7):747-57. 

[Rec#: 11023] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Enting RH, Oldenmenger WH, van der Rijt CC, Koper P, 

Lieverse J, and Sillevis SP. Nitrous oxide is not 

beneficial for breakthrough cancer pain. Palliat Med 

2002;16(3):257-9. [Rec#: 2114] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Enyert G and Burman ME. A qualitative study of 

self-transcendence in caregivers of terminally ill 

patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 99;16(2):455-62. 

[Rec#: 2115] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Epstein, R. M. and Hundert, E. M. Defining and assessing 

professional competence. JAMA 2002;287(2):226-35. 

[Rec#: 50399] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Erdman L. Laughter therapy for patients with cancer. Oncol 

Nurs Forum 91;18(8):1359-63. [Rec#: 2118] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ericksen J, Rodney P, and Starzomski R. When is it right to 

die? Can Nurse 95;91(8):29-34. [Rec#: 11027] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Erickson SE, Fried TR, Cherlin E, Johnson-Hurzeler R, 

Horwitz SM, and Bradley EH. The effect of inpatient 

hospice units on hospice use post-admission. Home 

Health Care Serv Q 2002;21(2):73-83. [Rec#: 2119] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Eriksson E, Somer S, and Lauri S. How relatives adjust after 

the death of a patient with cancer in hospice. Cancer 

Nurs 2001;24(6):436-45. [Rec#: 2121] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Erlen JA. Issues at the end of life. Orthop Nurs 

96;15(4):37-41. [Rec#: 11029] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ernst E, Filshie J, and Hardy J. Evidence-based 

complementary medicine for palliative cancer care: does 

it make sense? Palliat Med 2003;17(8):704-7. 

[Rec#: 11032] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ernst E. Complementary cancer treatments: hope or hazard? 

Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 95;7(4):259-63. 

[Rec#: 11030] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-65 

Ernst E. Complementary therapies in palliative cancer care. 

Cancer 2001;91(11):2181-5. [Rec#: 11031] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Ernst, D. S., Brasher, P., Hagen, N., Paterson, A. H., 

MacDonald, R. N., and Bruera, E. A randomized, 

controlled trial of intravenous clodronate in patients 

with metastatic bone disease and pain. Journal of Pain 

& Symptom Management 97;13(6):319-26. 

[Rec#: 50400] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Ersek M and Wilson SA. The challenges and opportunities in 

providing end-of-life care in nursing homes. J Palliat 

Med 2003;6(1):45-57. Comment in: J Palliat Med. 2003 

Feb;6(1):7-9. PMID: 12710570. [Rec#: 11035] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ersek M, Kagawa-Singer M, Barnes D, Blackhall L, and 

Koenig BA. Multicultural considerations in the use of 

advance directives. Oncol Nurs Forum 

98;25(10):1683-90. [Rec#: 2128] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Escalante CP, Martin CG, Elting LS, and Rubenstein EB. 

Medical futility and appropriate medical care in patients 

whose death is thought to be imminent. Support Care 

Cancer 97;5(4):274-80. [Rec#: 2133] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Escalante CP, Martin CG, Elting LS, Price KJ, Manzullo EF, 

Weiser MA, Harle TS, Cantor SB, and Rubenstein EB. 

Identifying risk factors for imminent death in cancer 

patients with acute dyspnea. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2000;20(5):318-25. [Rec#: 2132] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Eshleman MJ. Death with dignity: significance of religious 

beliefs and practices in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. 

Todays OR Nurse 92;14(11):19-23. [Rec#: 11038] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Esper P and Redman BG. Supportive care, pain management, 

and quality of life in advanced prostate cancer. Urol 

Clin North Am 99;26(2):375-89. [Rec#: 11040] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Esper P, Hampton JN, Finn J, Smith DC, Regiani S, and 

Pienta KJ. A new concept in cancer care: the supportive 

care program. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 99;16(6):713-22. 

[Rec#: 2139] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Esper P, Lockhart JS, and Murphy CM. Strengthening 

end-of-life care through specialty nursing certification. 

J Prof Nurs 2002;18(3):130-9. [Rec#: 11039] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Esper PS and Pienta KJ. Supportive care in the patient with 

hormone refractory prostate cancer. Semin Urol Oncol 

97;15(1):56-64. [Rec#: 11041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Eth S, Leong GB, and Garrick TR. Tales of the crypt for 

psychiatrists: mourning, melancholia, and mortuary 

malpractice. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 

96;24(4):483-92. [Rec#: 2145] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Evangelista LS, Dracup K, and Doering LV. Racial 

differences in treatment-seeking delays among heart 

failure patients. J Card Fail 2002;8(6):381-6. Comment 

in: J Card Fail. 2002 Dec;8(6):387-9. PMID: 12528091. 

[Rec#: 50028] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Evangelista LS, Kagawa-Singer M, and Dracup K. Gender 

differences in health perceptions and meaning in 

persons living with heart failure. Heart Lung 

2001;30(3):167-76. [Rec#: 31518] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Evans D. Brain death: the family in crisis. Intensive Crit 

Care Nurs 95;11(6):318-21. [Rec#: 11054] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Evans D. Music as an intervention for hospital patients: a 

systematic review. 2001;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50843] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Evans JV. Crisis, grief and loss. Can Nurse 93;89(8):40-3. 

[Rec#: 11055] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Evans ML and Englebardt SP. Evaluation of a 

multidisciplinary perinatal bereavement program. 

Neonatal Netw 90;8(4):31-5. [Rec#: 11057] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Evans N and Palmer A. Controlling breakthrough pain in 

palliative care. Nurs Stand 98;13(7):53-4. 

[Rec#: 11058] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Evans N and Walsh H. The organisation of death and dying 

in today's society. Nurs Stand 2002;16(25):33-8. 

[Rec#: 11059] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Evans R, Stone D, and Elwyn G. Organizing palliative care 

for rural populations: a systematic review of the 

evidence. Fam Pract 2003;20(3):304-10. [Rec#: 11061] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Evans R. The effectiveness of transdermal fentanyl in 

palliative care. Nurs Times 2003;99(41):24-5. 

[Rec#: 11060] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-66 

Evans WM, Bibeau DL, and Conley KM. Coping strategies 

used in residential hospice settings: findings from a 

national study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(2):102-10. [Rec#: 2154] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Eve A and Higginson IJ. Minimum dataset activity for 

hospice and hospital palliative care services in the UK 

1997/98. Palliat Med 2000;14(5):395-404. 

[Rec#: 11063] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Eve A and Smith AM. Palliative care services in Britain and 

Ireland--update 1991. Palliat Med 94;8(1):19-27. 

[Rec#: 11064] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Eve A, Smith AM, and Tebbit P. Hospice and palliative care 

in the UK 1994-5, including a summary of trends 

1990-5. Palliat Med 97;11(1):31-43. [Rec#: 2155] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Evers KA. Hospice in Mississippi: an update. J Miss State 

Med Assoc 2000;41(1):446-54. [Rec#: 11066] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Expert Working Group on Integrated Palliative Care for 

Persons with AIDS to Health and Welfare Canada 

Federal Centre for AIDS. Caring Together 87;Health 

and Welfare Canada Ottawa, ON. [Rec#: 50162] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Experton B, Li Z, Branch LG, Ozminkowski RJ, and 

Mellon-Lacey DM. The impact of payor/provider type 

on health care use and expenditures among the frail 

elderly. Am J Public Health 97;87(2):210-6. 

[Rec#: 41025] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Experton B, Ozminkowski RJ, Branch LG, and Li Z. A 

comparison by payor/provider type of the cost of dying 

among frail older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 

96;44(9):1098-107. [Rec#: 2162] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Faber-Langendoen, K. The clinical management of dying 

patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a survey of 

physician practice. Chest 94;106(880-8). [Rec#: 50402] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Faber-Langendoen, K., Spomer, A., and Ingbar, D. A 

prospective study of withdrawing mechanical 

ventiliation from dying patients. American Journal of 

Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 96;153:A365. 

[Rec#: 50404] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fade AE. End-of-life decisions affect health care providers. 

Am Nurse 94;26(1):28-9. [Rec#: 11075] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fade AE. The challenge of end-of-life decisions. Contemp 

Longterm Care 95;18(5):63. [Rec#: 11074] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fagerlin A, Ditto PH, Danks JH, Houts RM, and Smucker 

WD. Projection in surrogate decisions about 

life-sustaining medical treatments. Health Psychol 

2001;20(3):166-75. [Rec#: 2169] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fainsinger R and Bruera E. The management of dehydration 

in terminally ill patients. J Palliat Care 94;10(3):55-9. 

[Rec#: 11078] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fainsinger RL and Bruera E. Hypodermoclysis (HDC) for 

symptom control vs. the Edmonton Injector (EI). J 

Palliat Care 91;7(4):5-8. [Rec#: 11081] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Fainsinger RL and Bruera E. When to treat dehydration in a 

terminally ill patient? Support Care Cancer 

97;5(3):205-11. [Rec#: 11082] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Fainsinger RL and Gramlich LM. How often can we justify 

parenteral nutrition in terminally ill cancer patients? J 

Palliat Care 97;13(1):48-51. [Rec#: 2174] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fainsinger RL, Demoissac D, Cole J, Mead-Wood K, and 

Lee E. Home versus hospice inpatient care: discharge 

characteristics of palliative care patients in an acute care 

hospital. J Palliat Care 2000;16(1):29-34. [Rec#: 2173] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fainsinger RL, Pisani A, and Bruera E. Use of somatostatin 

analogues in terminal cancer patients. J Palliat Care 

93;9(1):56-7. [Rec#: 2180] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fainsinger RL, Tapper M, and Bruera E. A perspective on 

the management of delirium in terminally ill patients on 

a palliative care unit. J Palliat Care 93;9(3):4-8. 

[Rec#: 11083] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fainsinger RL, Waller A, Bercovici M, Bengtson K, 

Landman W, Hosking M, Nunez-Olarte JM, and 

deMoissac D. A multicentre international study of 

sedation for uncontrolled symptoms in terminally ill 

patients. Palliat Med 2000;14(4):257-65. [Rec#: 2183] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Fainsinger RL. Addressing quality of life at the Edmonton 

Palliative Care Program. Interview by Anna L. Romer. 

J Palliat Med 2001;4(3):417-22. [Rec#: 11079] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-67 

Fainsinger RL. Palliative care in Edmonton. Support Care 

Cancer 95;3(2):91-2. [Rec#: 11080] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fainsinger, R. and Bruera, E. Urinary catheters in palliative 

care. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

91;6(7):449-51. [Rec#: 50405] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fainsinger, R. L. and Bruera, E. How should we use 

transdermal fentanyl (TF) for pain management in 

palliative care patients? Journal of Palliative Care 

96;12(1):48-53. [Rec#: 50407] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fainsinger, R. L. and Bruera, E. Is this opioid analgesic 

tolerance? Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

95;10(7):573-7. [Rec#: 50408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fainsinger, R. L., Bruera, E., and MacMillan, K. Innovative 

palliative care in Edmonton. Canadian Family 

Physician 89;43:1983-6. [Rec#: 50409] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fainsinger, R., Schoeller, T., and Bruera, E. Methadone in 

the management of cancer pain: a review. Pain 

93;52(2):137-47. [Rec#: 50406] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fairtlough H and Closs SJ. Patient focused menu planning: 

an ENB project in a hospice. Nurs Stand 

96;10(34):44-7. [Rec#: 11085] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Fakhoury WK. Satisfaction with palliative care: what should 

we be aware of? Int J Nurs Stud 98;35(3):171-6. 

[Rec#: 11087] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Faller H, Schilling S, and Lang H. Causal attribution and 

adaptation among lung cancer patients. J Psychosom 

Res 95;39(5):619-27. [Rec#: 31543] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fallon MT and Hanks GW. Control of common symptoms in 

advanced cancer. Ann Acad Med Singapore 

94;23(2):171-7. [Rec#: 11090] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Fallowfield L. Quality of life: a new perspective for cancer 

patients. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2(11):873-9. 

[Rec#: 11091] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fallowfield LJ, Jenkins VA, and Beveridge HA. Truth may 

hurt but deceit hurts more: communication in palliative 

care. Palliat Med 2002;16(4):297-303. [Rec#: 2197] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Fallowfield, L., Jenkins, V., Farewell, V., Saul, J., Duffy, A., 

and Eves, R. Efficacy of a Cancer Research UK 

communication skills training model for oncologists: a 

randomised controlled trial. Lancet 

2002;359(9307):650-6. [Rec#: 50410] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fann JR and Sullivan AK. Delirium in the course of cancer 

treatment. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 

2003;8(4):217-28. [Rec#: 11097] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Fanslow-Brunjes C, Schneider PE, and Kimmel LH. Hope. 

Offering comfort and support for dying patients. 

Nursing 97;27(3):54-7. [Rec#: 11099] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fanslow-Brunjes C. Hospice nursing: guidance along the 

"third way". J N Y State Nurses Assoc 95;26(1):28-9. 

[Rec#: 11098] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fantoni, M., Ricci, F., Del Borgo, C., Izzi, I., Damiano, F., 

Moscati, A. M., Marasca, G., Bevilacqua, N., and Del 

Forno, A. Multicentre study on the prevalence of 

symptoms and symptomatic treatment in HIV infection. 

Central Italy PRESINT Group. Journal of Palliative 

Care 97;13(2):9-13. [Rec#: 50411] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Farber S. Sharing the mystery of death with new 

acquaintances. Fam Med 2000;32(4):230-1. 

[Rec#: 11103] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Farber SJ, Egnew TR, and Herman-Bertsch JL. Defining 

effective clinician roles in end-of-life care. J Fam Pract 

2002;51(2):153-8. [Rec#: 2203] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Farber SJ, Egnew TR, and Herman-Bertsch JL. Issues in 

end-of-life care: family practice faculty perceptions. J 

Fam Pract 99;48(7):525-30. [Rec#: 2204] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Farber SJ, Egnew TR, Herman-Bertsch JL, Taylor TR, and 

Guldin GE. Issues in end-of-life care: patient, caregiver, 

and clinician perceptions. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(1):19-31. [Rec#: 2205] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Farberow NL, Gallagher-Thompson D, Gilewski M, and 

Thompson L. The role of social supports in the 

bereavement process of surviving spouses of suicide 

and natural deaths. Suicide Life Threat Behav 

92;22(1):107-24. [Rec#: 2208] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-68 

Fargason CA Jr and Fargason RE. The changing academic 

health center. The death of the traditional academic 

physician. Physician Exec 96;22(8):22-4. 

[Rec#: 11104] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Farley DR, Weaver AL, and Nagorney DM. "Natural 

history" of unresected cholangiocarcinoma: patient 

outcome after noncurative intervention. Mayo Clin 

Proc 95;70(5):425-9. [Rec#: 2212] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Farncombe M. Dyspnea: assessment and treatment. Support 

Care Cancer 97;5(2):94-9. Comment in: Support Care 

Cancer. 1997 Mar;5(2):77-9. PMID: 9069602. 

[Rec#: 11105] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Farncombe ML. Ambulatory supportive care for the cancer 

patient. Curr Opin Oncol 94;6(4):335-9. [Rec#: 2214] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Farncombe ML. Symptom control in a regional cancer 

centre: an innovative outpatient approach. J Palliat Care 

91;7(4):21-5. [Rec#: 2215] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Farnon C and Hofmann M. Factors contributing to late 

hospice admission and proposals for change. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 97;14(5):212-8. [Rec#: 2218] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Farnon C. A personal exploration of the German hospice 

system. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(4):32-7. Erratum 

in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care 1996 Sep-Oct;13(5):5. 

[Rec#: 2217] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Farquhar M, Grande G, Todd C, and Barclay S. Defining 

patients as palliative: hospital doctors' versus general 

practitioners' perceptions. Palliat Med 

2002;16(3):247-50. [Rec#: 11107] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Farr WC. The use of corticosteroids for symptom 

management in terminally ill patients. Am J Hosp Care 

90;7(1):41-6. [Rec#: 11108] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Farrar A. How much do they want to know? Communicating 

with dying patients. Prof Nurse 92;7(9):606-10. 

[Rec#: 11109] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Farrell M. A process of mutual support. Establishing a 

support network for nurses caring for dying patients. 

Prof Nurse 92;8(1):10-2, 14. [Rec#: 11110] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Farrell M. What to do after a bereavement. Prof Nurse 

90;5(10):539-42. [Rec#: 11111] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Farrell PM and Hammes B. A promise for palliative care at 

the end-of-life. WMJ 2001;100(9):59, 66. 

[Rec#: 11112] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Faulkner A and Regnard C. Handling difficult questions in 

palliative care--a flow diagram. Palliat Med 

94;8(3):245-50. [Rec#: 11118] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Faulkner A, Maguire P, and Regnard C. Breaking bad 

news--a flow diagram. Palliat Med 94;8(2):145-51. 

[Rec#: 11117] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Faulkner A. ABC of palliative care. Communication with 

patients, families, and other professionals. BMJ 

98;316(7125):130-2. [Rec#: 11116] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Faulkner, A. and Maguire, P. Teaching ward nurses to 

monitor cancer patients. Clinical Oncology 

84;10(4):383-9. [Rec#: 50413] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Faulkner, A., Argent, J., and Jones, A. Effective 

communication in health care: exploring the skills of the 

teachers. Patient Education & Counseling 

2001;45(3):227-32. [Rec#: 50412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Faulkner, A., Maguire, P., and Regnard, C. Dealing with 

anger in a patient or relative: a flow diagram. Palliative 

Medicine 94;8(1):51-7. [Rec#: 50414] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Faull C and Hirsch C. Symptom management in palliative 

care. Prof Nurse 2000;16(1):840-3. [Rec#: 11120] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fauri DP and Grimes DR. Bereavement services for families 

and peers of deceased residents of psychiatric 

institutions. Soc Work 94;39(2):185-90. [Rec#: 11122] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Fauri DP, Ettner B, and Kovacs PJ. Bereavement services in 

acute care settings. Death Stud 2000;24(1):51-64. 

[Rec#: 11121] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fawcett C. Passionate about palliative care. Nurs Times 

2003;99(12):46-7. [Rec#: 11125] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fawzy FI, Fawzy NW, and Pasnau RO. Bereavement in 

AIDS. Psychiatr Med 91;9(3):469-82. [Rec#: 11127] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-69 

Fayad LM and Mitchell DG. Magnetic resonance imaging of 

pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Gastrointest Cancer 

2001;30(1-2):19-25. [Rec#: 11128] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fazeny B, Muhm M, Hauser I, Wenzel C, Mares P, 

Berzlanovich A, Hagmeister H, and Marosi C. Barriers 

in cancer pain management. Wien Klin Wochenschr 

2000;112(22):978-81. [Rec#: 11129] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fearon RM and Mansell W. Cognitive perspectives on 

unresolved loss: insights from the study of PTSD. Bull 

Menninger Clin 2001;65(3):380-96. [Rec#: 2227] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fee C. Death of a difficult patient. Ann Emerg Med 

2001;37(3):354-5. [Rec#: 11131] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Feenstra J, Lubsen J, Grobbee DE, and Stricker BH. Heart 

failure treatments: issues of safety versus issues of 

quality of life. Drug Saf 99;20(1):1-7. [Rec#: 31568] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Feifel H. Psychology and death. Meaningful rediscovery. 

Am Psychol 90;45(4):537-43. [Rec#: 11132] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Feigelson C. Personality death, object loss, and the uncanny. 

Int J Psychoanal 93;74 ( Pt 2):331-45. [Rec#: 2229] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Feinsilver DB. The therapist as a person facing death: the 

hardest of external realities and therapeutic action. Int J 

Psychoanal 98;79 ( Pt 6):1131-50. [Rec#: 2230] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fekete F, Sauvanet A, Kaisserian G, Jauffret B, Zouari K, 

Berthoux L, and Flejou JF. Associated primary 

esophageal and lung carcinoma: a study of 39 patients. 

Ann Thorac Surg 94;58(3):837-42. [Rec#: 2232] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Feld R. Supportive care in patients with cancer: quality of 

life and ethical issues. Curr Opin Oncol 90;2(5):924-8. 

[Rec#: 11136] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Feld S and George LK. Moderating effects of prior social 

resources on the hospitalizations of elders who become 

widowed. J Aging Health 94;6(3):275-95. [Rec#: 2233] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Felder S, Meier M, and Schmitt H. Health care expenditure 

in the last months of life. J Health Econ 

2000;19(5):679-95. [Rec#: 2236] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Felder S. Costs of dying: alternatives to rationing. Health 

Policy 97;39(2):167-76. Erratum in: Health Policy 1997 

Jun;40(3):269. [Rec#: 2234] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Felder S. Health care expenditure towards the end of life. 

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2001;15(4):345-7. [Rec#: 2235] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Feldman M. Some views on the manifestation of the death 

instinct in clinical work. Int J Psychoanal 2000;81 ( Pt 

1):53-65. Comment in: Int J Psychoanal. 2000 Oct;81 ( 

Pt 5):1007. PMID: 11109582. Comment in: Int J 

Psychoanal. 2000 Oct;81 ( Pt 5):1007-9. PMID: 

11109583. [Rec#: 2238] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Feldman PH, Latimer E, and Davidson H. Medicaid-funded 

home care for the frail elderly and disabled: evaluating 

the cost savings and outcomes of a service delivery 

reform. Health Serv Res 96;31(4):489-508. Comment 

in: Health Serv Res. 1996 Oct;31(4):509-13. PMID: 

8885861. [Rec#: 41044] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Feldman-Stewart, D., Brundage, M. D., Hayter, C., Groome, 

P., Nickel, J. C., Downes, H., and Mackillop, W. J. 

What prostate cancer patients should know: variation in 

professionals' opinions. Radiotherapy & Oncology 

98;49(2):111-23. [Rec#: 50415] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Feldman-Stewart, D., Brundage, M. D., Hayter, C., Groome, 

P., Nickel, J. C., Downes, H., and Mackillop, W. J. 

What questions do patients with curable prostate cancer 

want answered? Medical Decision Making 

2000;20(1):7-19. [Rec#: 50416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Feldman-Stewart, D., Chammas, S., Hayter, C., Pater, J., and 

Mackillop, W. J. An empirical approach to informed 

consent in ovarian cancer. Journal of Clinical 

Epidemiology 96;49(11):1259-69. [Rec#: 50417] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Feldstein MA and Gemma PB. Oncology nurses and chronic 

compounded grief. Cancer Nurs 95;18(3):228-36. 

[Rec#: 11140] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Felker GM and O'Connor CM. Inotropic therapy for heart 

failure: an evidence-based approach. Am Heart J 

2001;142(3):393-401. [Rec#: 11142] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fellowes D, Goodman M, Wilkinson S, Low J, and Harvey 

F. District nurses' referrals to home-based palliative 

nursing services. Nurs Times 2003;99(14):34-7. 

[Rec#: 11143] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-70 

Fellowes, D., Gambles, M., Lockhart-Wood, K., and 

Wilkinson, S. Reflexology for symptom relief in 

patients with cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic 

Reviews 2003;3. [Rec#: 50418] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fellowes, D., Lockhart-Wood, K., Gambles, M., and 

Wilkinson, S. Aromatherapy and massage for symptom 

relief in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database of 

Systematic Reviews 2003;3. [Rec#: 50419] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Felt DH, Early JL, and Welk TA. Attitudes, values, beliefs, 

and practices surrounding end-of-life care in selected 

Kansas communities. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2000;17(6):401-6. [Rec#: 2241] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Fenig E, Eidelevich E, Njuguna E, Katz A, Gutman H, 

Sulkes A, and Schechter J. Role of radiation therapy in 

the management of cutaneous malignant melanoma. 

Am J Clin Oncol 99;22(2):184-6. [Rec#: 2243] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Fenollosa P, Pallares J, Cervera J, Pelegrin F, Inigo V, Giner 

M, and Forner V. Chronic pain in the spinal cord 

injured: statistical approach and pharmacological 

treatment. Paraplegia 93;31(11):722-9. [Rec#: 2244] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ferrand E, Lemaire F, Regnier B, Kuteifan K, Badet M, 

Asfar P, Jaber S, Chagnon JL, Renault A, Robert R, 

Pochard F, Herve C, Brun-Buisson C, Duvaldestin P, 

and French RESSENTI Group. Discrepancies between 

perceptions by physicians and nursing staff of intensive 

care unit end-of-life decisions. Am J Respir Crit Care 

Med 2003;167(10):1310-5. Comment in: Am J Respir 

Crit Care Med. 2003 May 15;167(10):1302-3. PMID: 

12738596. [Rec#: 11149] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ferrari VD, Lonardi F, Bonciarelli C, Jirillo A, and Pavanato 

G. Evaluating the impact of radiotherapy on the quality 

of life of cancer patients by two simple indexes. A pilot 

study. Support Care Cancer 96;4(1):27-30. 

[Rec#: 2256] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Ferrel B. Assessing Health-related Quality of Life at End of 

Life. in press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50906] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Ferrell B, Ervin K, Smith S, Marek T, and Melancon C. 

Family perspectives of ovarian cancer. Cancer Pract 

2002;10(6):269-76. [Rec#: 2258] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ferrell B, Virani R, Grant M, Coyne P, and Uman G. 

End-of-life care: nurses speak out. Nursing 

2000;30(7):54-7. [Rec#: 2259] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ferrell BA. Pain evaluation and management in the nursing 

home. Ann Intern Med 95;123(9):681-7. [Rec#: 11155] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ferrell BR and Coyle N. An overview of palliative nursing 

care. Am J Nurs 2002;102(5):26-31; quiz 32. 

[Rec#: 2262] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Ferrell BR and Dean G. The meaning of cancer pain. Semin 

Oncol Nurs 95;11(1):17-22. [Rec#: 2263] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ferrell BR and Dow KH. Portraits of cancer survivorship: a 

glimpse through the lens of survivors' eyes. Cancer 

Pract 96;4(2):76-80. [Rec#: 2264] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ferrell BR, Ferrell BA, Rhiner M, and Grant M. Family 

factors influencing cancer pain management. Postgrad 

Med J 91;67 Suppl 2:S64-9. [Rec#: 2265] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Ferrell BR. Caring at the end of life. Insight 

2001;26(4):109-13. [Rec#: 11156] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ferrell BR. End-of-life care. How well do we serve our 

patients? Nursing 98;28(9):58; quiz 59-60. 

[Rec#: 11157] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ferrell BR. The quality of lives: 1,525 voices of cancer. 

Oncol Nurs Forum 96;23(6):909-16. [Rec#: 11161] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ferrell, B. A., Stein, W. M., and Beck, J. C. The Geriatric 

Pain Measure: validity, reliability and factor analysis. 

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

2000;48(12):1669-73. [Rec#: 50420] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ferrell, B. R., Juarez, G., Borneman, T., and ter Veer, A. 

Outcomes of pain education in community home care. 

Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing 

99;1(4):141-150. [Rec#: 50421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ferrell, B. R., Virani, R., Smith, S., Juarez, G., National 

Cancer Policy, Board, and Institute of, Medicine. The 

role of oncology nursing to ensure quality care for 

cancer survivors: a report commissioned by the National 

Cancer Policy Board and Institute of Medicine. 

Oncology Nursing Forum. Online 2003;30(1):E1-E11. 

[Rec#: 50422] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-71 

Ferris FD, Balfour HM, Bowen K, Farley J, Hardwick M, 

Lamonmtagne C, Lundy M, Syne A, West P. A Model 

Guide to Hospice Palliative Care. 2002;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50423] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ferris FD, Bezjak A, and Rosenthal SG. The palliative uses 

of radiation therapy in surgical oncology patients. Surg 

Oncol Clin N Am 2001;10(1):185-201. [Rec#: 11173] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Ferris FD, Kerr IG, De Angelis C, Sone M, and Hume S. 

Inpatient narcotic infusions for patients with cancer 

pain. J Palliat Care 90;6(2):51-9. [Rec#: 2268] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ferris FD, Von Gunten CF, and Emanuel LL. Ensuring 

competency in end-of-life care: controlling symptoms. 

BMC Palliat Care 2002;1(1):5. [Rec#: 2269] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ferris FD, Wodinsky HB, Kerr IG, Sone M, Hume S, and 

Coons C. A cost-minimization study of cancer patients 

requiring a narcotic infusion in hospital and at home. J 

Clin Epidemiol 91;44(3):313-27. [Rec#: 2270] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ferris, F. D., Balfour, H. M., Bowen, K., Farley, J., 

Hardwick, M., Lamontagne, C., Lundy, M., Syme, A., 

and West, P. J. A model to guide patient and family 

care: based on nationally accepted principles and norms 

of practice. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

2002;24(2):106-23. [Rec#: 50424] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Pahor M, Corti MC, and Havlik RJ. 

Hospital diagnoses, Medicare charges, and nursing 

home admissions in the year when older persons 

become severely disabled. JAMA 97;277(9):728-34. 

Comment in: ACP J Club. 1997 Jul-Aug;127(1):19. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1997 Jul 23-30;278(4):287-8. 

PMID: 9228425. [Rec#: 41061] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ferszt GG, Heineman L, Ferszt EJ, and Romano S. 

Transformation through grieving: art and the bereaved. 

Holist Nurs Pract 98;13(1):68-75. [Rec#: 2273] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Feser L and Bon Bernard C. Enhancing cultural competence 

in palliative care: perspective of an elderly Chinese 

community in Calgary. J Palliat Care 2003;19(2):133-9. 

[Rec#: 11177] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fesslova V, Hunter S, Stark J, and Taylor JF. The long-term 

clinical outcome of patients with tricuspid atresia. II. 

Influence of surgical procedures. J Cardiovasc Surg 

(Torino) 91;32(2):225-32. [Rec#: 11178] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Fetters MD, Churchill L, and Danis M. Conflict resolution at 

the end of life. Crit Care Med 2001;29(5):921-5. 

Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2001 May;29(5):1078-9. 

PMID: 11383532. [Rec#: 2276] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Feuer DJ and Higgins JP. Meta-analysis. Palliat Med 

99;13(5):433-7. [Rec#: 11180] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Fialka-Moser V, Crevenna R, Korpan M, and Quittan M. 

Cancer rehabilitation: particularly with aspects on 

physical impairments. J Rehabil Med 

2003;35(4):153-62. [Rec#: 11181] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Field D and Addington-Hall J. Extending specialist palliative 

care to all? Soc Sci Med 99;48(9):1271-80. [Rec#: 

11187] 

In abstract review process 

Field D and Copp G. Communication and awareness about 

dying in the 1990s. Palliat Med 99;13(6):459-68. 

[Rec#: 11188] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Field D and Johnson I. Satisfaction and change: a survey of 

volunteers in a hospice organisation. Soc Sci Med 

93;36(12):1625-33. [Rec#: 2285] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Field D and Wee B. Preparation for palliative care: teaching 

about death, dying and bereavement in UK medical 

schools 2000-2001. Med Educ 2002;36(6):561-7. 

[Rec#: 11189] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Field D, Douglas C, Jagger C, and Dand P. Terminal illness: 

views of patients and their lay carers. Palliat Med 

95;9(1):45-54. [Rec#: 2284] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Field D. Communication with dying patients in coronary care 

units. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 92;8(1):24-32. 

[Rec#: 11184] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Field D. Palliative medicine and the medicalization of death. 

Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 94;3(2):58-62. Comment in: 

Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 1994 Dec;3(4):148. PMID: 

7704349. [Rec#: 11185] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-72 

Field D. Special not different: general practitioners' accounts 

of their care of dying people. Soc Sci Med 

98;46(9):1111-20. [Rec#: 11186] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Field GB and Parry J. Pain control: some aspects of 

day-to-day management. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

94;3(2):79-86. [Rec#: 11190] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Field HL. Biopsychosocial aspects of AIDS. New Dir Ment 

Health Serv 93;(57):51-60. [Rec#: 2287] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Field, M. J. Cassel, C. K. Approaching Death: Improving 

Care at the End of Life. 1997;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50425] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fielden JM. Grief as a transformative experience: weaving 

through different lifeworlds after a loved one has 

completed suicide. Int J Ment Health Nurs 

2003;12(1):74-85. [Rec#: 2292] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Fife, R. B. Are existential questions the norm for terminally 

ill patients? Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2002;5(6):815-7. [Rec#: 50426] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fifield MY. Relieving constipation and pain in the terminally 

ill. Am J Nurs 91;91(7):18-9. [Rec#: 11195] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Filiberti A, Ripamonti C, Totis A, Ventafridda V, De Conno 

F, Contiero P, and Tamburini M. Characteristics of 

terminal cancer patients who committed suicide during 

a home palliative care program. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2001;22(1):544-53. [Rec#: 2295] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Filman J and Martin T. The Dorothy Ley Hospice Day 

Respite Program. J Palliat Care 98;14(3):94-7. 

[Rec#: 11198] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Filshie J, Penn K, Ashley S, and Davis CL. Acupuncture for 

the relief of cancer-related breathlessness. Palliat Med 

96;10(2):145-50. [Rec#: 2297] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Filshie J. Safety aspects of acupuncture in palliative care. 

Acupunct Med 2001;19(2):117-22. [Rec#: 11199] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Finch MD and Butler JA. Palliation for nonpancreatic 

malignant obstruction of the biliary tract. Surg Gynecol 

Obstet 90;170(5):437-40. [Rec#: 2300] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Fine PG and Busch MA. Characterization of breakthrough 

pain by hospice patients and their caregivers. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 98;16(3):179-83. [Rec#: 2302] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Fine PG and Jackson SH. Do not resuscitate in the operating 

room: more than rights and wrongs. Am J Anesthesiol 

95;22(1):46-51. [Rec#: 11207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fine PG and Jennings B. CPR in hospice. Hastings Cent Rep 

2003;33(3):9; discussion 9-10. [Rec#: 2303] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fine PG. Analgesia issues in palliative care: bone pain, 

controlled release opioids, managing opioid-induced 

constipation and nifedipine as an analgesic. J Pain 

Palliat Care Pharmacother 2002;16(1):93-7. 

[Rec#: 2301] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Fine PG. Analgesic issues in palliative care gastroesophageal 

reflux pain and chronic non-cancer pain management. J 

Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2002;16(2):87-9. 

[Rec#: 11200] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Fine PG. COX-2 selective NSAIDs and advancing legal 

issues in palliative care. J Pain Palliat Care 

Pharmacother 2003;17(1):53-7. [Rec#: 11201] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fine PG. Fear and loathing on the care path: treating pain and 

suffering. West J Med 2002;176(1):17. [Rec#: 11203] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fine PG. Medications for patient comfort when weaning 

mechanical ventilation in palliative care. J Pain Palliat 

Care Pharmacother 2002;16(4):61-4. [Rec#: 11205] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fine PG. Palliative radiation therapy in end-of-life care: 

evidence-based utilization. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(3):166-70. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care. 2002 May-Jun;19(3):151-2. PMID: 12026034. 

[Rec#: 11206] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Fine RL and Mayo TW. Life-and-death decisions. Tex Med 

99;95(11):64-8. [Rec#: 11209] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-73 

Fine RL and Mayo TW. Resolution of futility by due 

process: early experience with the Texas Advance 

Directives Act. Ann Intern Med 2003;138(9):743-6. 

Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2004 Mar 

2;140(5):402-3; author reply 404. PMID: 14996685. 

Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2004 Mar 

2;140(5):403-4; author reply 404. PMID: 14996687. 

Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2004 Mar 2;140(5):403; 

author reply 404. PMID. [Rec#: 2304] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Fine RL. Personal choices--communication among 

physicians and patients when confronting critical 

illness. Tex Med 91;87(9):76-82. [Rec#: 11208] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fine, P. Low-dose ketamine in the management of opioid 

nonresponsive, terminal cancer pain. Journal of Pain 

and Symptom Management 99;17:296-300. 

[Rec#: 50427] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Finkelstein, D. M., Cassileth, B. R., Bonomi, P. D., 

Ruckdeschel, J. C., Ezdinli, E. Z., and Wolter, J. M. A 

pilot study of the Functional Living Index-Cancer 

(FLIC) Scale for the assessment of quality of life for 

metastatic lung cancer patients. An Eastern Cooperative 

Oncology Group study. Am J Clin Oncol 

88;11(6):630-3. [Rec#: 50866] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Finlay I, Jones N, Wyatt P, and Neil J. Use of an 

unstructured patient-held record in palliative care. 

Palliat Med 98;12(5):397-8. [Rec#: 11214] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Finlay I. Difficult decisions in palliative care. Br J Hosp 

Med 96;56(6):264-7. [Rec#: 11212] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Finlay I. UK strategies for palliative care. J R Soc Med 

2001;94(9):437-41. Comment in: J R Soc Med. 2001 

Sep;94(9):427. PMID: 11535739. [Rec#: 11213] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Finlay IG and Dunlop R. Quality of life assessment in 

palliative care. Ann Oncol 94;5(1):13-8. [Rec#: 11216] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Finlay IG, Higginson IJ, Goodwin DM, Cook AM, Edwards 

AG, Hood K, Douglas HR, and Normand CE. Palliative 

care in hospital, hospice, at home: results from a 

systematic review. Ann Oncol 2002;13 Suppl 4:257-64. 

[Rec#: 11217] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Finlay IG, Stott NC, and Kinnersley P. The assessment of 

communication skills in palliative medicine: a 

comparison of the scores of examiners and simulated 

patients. Med Educ 95;29(6):424-9. [Rec#: 11218] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Finlay IG. Managing terminally ill prisoners: reflection and 

action. Palliat Med 98;12(6):457-61. [Rec#: 11215] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Finnema, E., Droes, R. M., Ribbe, M., and Van Tilburg, W. 

The effects of emotion-oriented approaches in the care 

for persons suffering from dementia: a review of the 

literature. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15(2):141-61. 

[Rec#: 50128] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Fins JJ and Callahan D. Palliation in the age of chronic 

disease. Hastings Cent Rep 92;22(1):41; discussion 

41-2. Comment in: Hastings Cent Rep. 1992 

Sep-Oct;22(5):45. PMID: 1385358. [Rec#: 2313] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fins JJ and Solomon MZ. Communication in intensive care 

settings: the challenge of futility disputes. Crit Care 

Med 2001;29(2 Suppl):N10-5. [Rec#: 2316] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fins JJ and von Gunten C. When the prognosis leads to 

indifference. J Palliat Med 2002;5(4):571-3. 

[Rec#: 2317] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fins JJ. Principles in palliative care: an overview. Respir 

Care 2000;45(11):1320-6;discussion 26-30. 

[Rec#: 11227] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fins JJ. Vowing to care. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;23(1):54-7. Comment in: J Pain Symptom 

Manage. 2002 Jan;23(1):57-8. PMID: 11811154. 

Comment in: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002 

Jan;23(1):58-9. PMID: 11811155. [Rec#: 11228] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Finucane TE, Boyer JT, Bulmash J, Fanale JE, Garrell M, 

Johnson LE, Katz PR, Pattee JJ, Rappaport SA, Ryan JJ, 

and et al. The incidence of attempted CPR in nursing 

homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 91;39(6):624-6. 

[Rec#: 41074] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Finucane TE, Elon RD, and Keenan JM. The medical 

director in non-institutional long-term care programs. 

Clin Geriatr Med 95;11(3):391-402. [Rec#: 2319] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Finucane TE. Care of patients nearing death: another view. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(3):551-3. Comment in: J Am 

Geriatr Soc. 2003 Feb;51(2):281. PMID: 12558734. 

[Rec#: 2318] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-74 

Finucane, T. E., Christmas, C., and Travis, K. Tube feeding 

in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the 

evidence. JAMA 99;282(14):1365-70. [Rec#: 50429] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Fioriglio G. A terminal disease state. Home Healthc Nurse 

99;17(5):336. [Rec#: 11231] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Firth S. Counseling model: creating a healing environment in 

hospitals. Patient Educ Couns 99;36(1):81-9. 

[Rec#: 11232] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fischer GS, Arnold RM, and Tulsky JA. Talking to the older 

adult about advance directives. Clin Geriatr Med 

2000;16(2):239-54. [Rec#: 2323] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fischer, G. S., Tulsky, J. A., Rose, M. R., Siminoff, L. A., 

and Arnold, R. M. Patient knowledge and physician 

predictions of treatment preferences after discussion of 

advance directives. Journal of General Internal 

Medicine 98;13(7):447-54. [Rec#: 50430] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Fishbain, D. Evidence-based data on pain relief with 

antidepressants. Ann Med 2000;32(5):305-16. 

[Rec#: 50129] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fisher C. The invisible dimension: abuse in palliative care 

families. J Palliat Med 2003;6(2):257-64. [Rec#: 2325] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Stukel TA, Gottlieb DJ, Lucas FL, 

and Pinder EL. The implications of regional variations 

in Medicare spending. Part 1: the content, quality, and 

accessibility of care. Ann Intern Med 

2003;138(4):273-87. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 

2003 Feb 18;138(4):347-8. PMID: 12585834. Comment 

in: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):348-9. PMID: 

12585835. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 

18;138(4):350-1. PMID: 12585836. Comment in: Ann 

Intern Med. 2004 Jan . [Rec#: 2327] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Fisher J. Harming and benefiting the dead. Death Stud 

2001;25(7):557-68. [Rec#: 11238] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fisher JA and Parker MC. Joint surgical/palliative care ward 

round in a district general hospital. Palliat Med 

99;13(3):249-50. [Rec#: 11239] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fisher M. Can grief be turned into growth? Staff grief in 

palliative care. Prof Nurse 91;7(3):178-82. 

[Rec#: 11241] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fisher M. How do members of an interprofessional clinical 

team adjust to hospice care? Palliat Med 

96;10(4):319-28. [Rec#: 2329] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fisher MA and Mitchell GJ. Patients' views of quality of life: 

transforming the knowledge base of nursing. Clin 

Nurse Spec 98;12(3):99-105. Comment in: Clin Nurse 

Spec. 1998 May;12(3):98. PMID: 9633325. 

[Rec#: 2330] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fishman B. The cognitive behavioral perspective on pain 

management in terminal illness. Hosp J 

92;8(1-2):73-88. [Rec#: 11244] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Fitch MI, Bakker D, and Conlon M. Important issues in 

clinical practice: perspectives of oncology nurses. Can 

Oncol Nurs J 99;9(4):151-64. [Rec#: 2335] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fitzpatrick ME. Enhancing critical thinking with questions. 

Kans Nurse 94;69(5):20-1. [Rec#: 11251] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fitzsimmons D and Johnson CD. Quality of life after 

treatment of pancreatic cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 

98;383(2):145-51. [Rec#: 11253] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Flacker JM, Won A, Kiely DK, and Iloputaife I. Differing 

perceptions of end-of-life care in long-term care. J 

Palliat Med 2001;4(1):9-13. [Rec#: 11254] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Flacker, J. M. and Marcantonio, E. R. Delirium in the 

elderly-optimal management. Drugs and Aging 

98;13:119-130. [Rec#: 50431] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Flaherty JH, Morley JE, Murphy DJ, and Wasserman MR. 

The development of outpatient Clinical Glidepaths. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(11):1886-901. Comment in: J 

Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 Nov;50(11):1905-6. PMID: 

12410916. [Rec#: 11255] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Flamant R. The relationship with the cancer patient. Ann N 

Y Acad Sci 97;809:361-6. [Rec#: 11256] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Flaming D. Improve care and comfort: use the label "dying". 

J Palliat Care 2000;16(2):30-6. [Rec#: 11257] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-75 

Flanagan J and Holmes S. Facing the issue of dependence: 

some implications from the literature for the hospice 

and hospice nurses. J Adv Nurs 99;29(3):592-9. 

[Rec#: 11258] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Flannelly KJ, Weaver AJ, Smith WJ, and Oppenheimer JE. 

A systematic review on chaplains and community-based 

clergy in three palliative care journals: 1990-1999. Am 

J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(4):263-8. [Rec#: 11259] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Flaskerud JH, Carter PA, and Lee P. Distressing emotions in 

female caregivers of people with AIDS, age-related 

dementias, and advanced-stage cancers. Perspect 

Psychiatr Care 2000;36(4):121-30. [Rec#: 2341] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Flaskerud, J. H., Lesser, J., Dixon, E., Anderson, N., Conde, 

F., Kim, S., Koniak-Griffin, D., Strehlow, A., Tullmann, 

D., and Verzemnieks, I. Health disparities among 

vulnerable populations: evolution of knowledge over 

five decades in Nursing Research publications. Nursing 

Research 2002;51(2):74-85. [Rec#: 50432] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fleischer TE. Suffering reclaimed: medicine according to 

Job. Perspect Biol Med 99;42(4):475-88. [Rec#: 11264] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fleming C, Mallepalli J, Brensilver JM, and Brandstetter RD. 

How--and when--to obtain consent for 

do-not-resuscitate orders. Clinical guidelines and 

strategies for resolving conflicts. J Crit Illn 

95;10(10):679-81, 686, 690-1. [Rec#: 11266] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fleming DA. Cultural sensitivity in end-of-life discussions. 

Mo Med 2003;100(1):69-75. [Rec#: 11268] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fleming DA. The burden of caregiving at the end-of-life. 

Mo Med 2003;100(1):82-6. [Rec#: 11267] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fleming SO. Does training in hospice care affect referrals? 

JAAPA 2003;16(8):11-2, 15. [Rec#: 11271] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fletcher JC, Meyer MN, Benson JM, and Denk CE. When 

and why do Virginians choose to terminate treatment? 

Va Med Q 98;125(2):112-6, 119. [Rec#: 2345] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fletcher L. Palliative care. Where there's a will. Nurs Times 

96;92(51):40-1. [Rec#: 11272] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fletcher PN. Experiences in family bereavement. Fam 

Community Health 2002;25(1):57-70. [Rec#: 2346] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Fletcher WS. "Doctor, am I terminal? Am J Surg 

92;163(5):460-2. Comment in: Am J Surg. 1993 

Jul;166(1):82-3. PMID: 7687096. [Rec#: 11273] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Flint, A. J. Effects of respite care on patients with dementia 

and their caregivers. Int Psychogeriatr 95;7(4):505-17. 

[Rec#: 50130] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Florian V and Mikulincer M. Symbolic immortality and the 

management of the terror of death: the moderating role 

of attachment style. J Pers Soc Psychol 

98;74(3):725-34. [Rec#: 2351] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Florian V, Mikulincer M, and Hirschberger G. An 

existentialist view on mortality salience effects: 

personal hardiness, death-thought accessibility, and 

cultural worldview defence. Br J Soc Psychol 

2001;40(Pt 3):437-53. [Rec#: 2353] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Florian V, Mikulincer M, and Hirschberger G. The 

anxiety-buffering function of close relationships: 

evidence that relationship commitment acts as a terror 

management mechanism. J Pers Soc Psychol 

2002;82(4):527-42. [Rec#: 2352] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Florio GA, Donnelly JP, and Zevon MA. The structure of 

work-related stress and coping among oncology nurses 

in high-stress medical settings: a transactional analysis. 

J Occup Health Psychol 98;3(3):227-42. [Rec#: 2355] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Flowers A and Levin VA. Management of brain metastases 

from breast carcinoma. Oncology (Huntingt) 

93;7(3):21-6; discussion 31-4. [Rec#: 11274] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Flowers B. Palliative care for patients with end-stage heart 

failure. Nurs Times 2003;99(11):30-2. [Rec#: 31642] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Flowers, B. Palliative care for patients with end-stage heart 

failure. Nursing Times 2003;99(11):30-2. 

[Rec#: 50433] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Flume PA. Medicinal treatment of intractable dyspnea in 

terminally ill patients. J S C Med Assoc 

2002;98(4):196-9. Comment in: J S C Med Assoc. 2002 

Aug;98(4):200-2. PMID: 12216383. [Rec#: 11275] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-76 

Fok M and Wong J. Cancer of the oesophagus and gastric 

cardia. Standard oesophagectomy and anastomotic 

technique. Ann Chir Gynaecol 95;84(2):179-83. 

[Rec#: 11278] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Foley DJ, Miles TP, Brock DB, and Phillips C. Recounts of 

elderly deaths: endorsements for the Patient 

Self-Determination Act. Gerontologist 

95;35(1):119-21. [Rec#: 2362] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Foley FJ, Flannery J, Graydon D, Flintoft G, and Cook D. 

AIDS palliative care--challenging the palliative 

paradigm. J Palliat Care 95;11(2):19-22. [Rec#: 2363] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Foley KM and Portenoy RK. World Health 

Organization-International Association for the Study of 

Pain: joint initiatives in Cancer Pain Relief. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 93;8(6):335-9. [Rec#: 11281] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Foley KM. Controlling cancer pain. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 

2000;35(4):101-8, 111-2. [Rec#: 11280] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Foliart DE, Clausen M, and Siljestrom C. Bereavement 

practices among California hospices: results of a 

statewide survey. Death Stud 2001;25(5):461-7. 

[Rec#: 11282] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Folkman S, Chesney M, Collette L, Boccellari A, and Cooke 

M. Postbereavement depressive mood and its 

prebereavement predictors in HIV+ and HIV- gay men. 

J Pers Soc Psychol 96;70(2):336-48. [Rec#: 2365] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Folland S. Palliative care. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 

2000;6(10):5. [Rec#: 11286] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Folstein, M., Folstein, S., and McHugh, P. Mini-mental state: 

a practical method for grading the cognitive state of 

patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric 

Research 75;12:189-198. [Rec#: 50434] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fonarow GC and ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee. 

The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National 

Registry (ADHERE): opportunities to improve care of 

patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart 

failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2003;4 Suppl 7:S21-30. 

[Rec#: 50029] 

In abstract review process 

Fonarow GC, Stevenson LW, Walden JA, Livingston NA, 

Steimle AE, Hamilton MA, Moriguchi J, Tillisch JH, 

and Woo MA. Impact of a comprehensive heart failure 

management program on hospital readmission and 

functional status of patients with advanced heart failure. 

J Am Coll Cardiol 97;30(3):725-32. [Rec#: 50030] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fong Y, Kemeny N, Paty P, Blumgart LH, and Cohen AM. 

Treatment of colorectal cancer: hepatic metastasis. 

Semin Surg Oncol 96;12(4):219-52. [Rec#: 11287] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Fontaine DK. Nonpharmacologic management of patient 

distress during mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Clin 

94;10(4):695-708. [Rec#: 41099] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Forbes K and Davis C. Managing terminal illness. J R Coll 

Physicians Lond 96;30(3):257-9. [Rec#: 11293] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Forbes S, Bern-Klug M, and Gessert C. End-of-life decision 

making for nursing home residents with dementia. J 

Nurs Scholarsh 2000;32(3):251-8. [Rec#: 2372] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Forbes, D. A. Strategies for managing behavioural 

symptomatology associated with dementia of the 

Alzheimer type: a systematic overview. Can J Nurs Res 

98;30(2):67-86. [Rec#: 50131] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Ford G. A palliative care system: the Marie Curie model. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 92;9(3):15-7. [Rec#: 11294] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ford G. A palliative care system: the Marie Curie model. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 93;10(4):27-9. [Rec#: 11295] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ford Pitorak E, Beckham Armour M, and Sivec HD. Project 

safe conduct integrates palliative goals into 

comprehensive cancer care. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(4):645-55. [Rec#: 11296] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ford, S., Fallowfield, L., and Lewis, S. Can oncologists 

detect distress in their out-patients and how satisfied are 

they with their performance during bad news 

consultations? British Journal of Cancer 

94;70(4):767-70. [Rec#: 50435] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fordham H. John W. Finn, MD. "It is a privilege to care for 

the dying". Mich Med 93;92(7):22-4. [Rec#: 11297] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-77 

Fordham S and Dowrick C. Is care of the dying improving? 

The contribution of specialist and non-specialist to 

palliative care. Fam Pract 99;16(6):573-9. [Rec#: 2374] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Fordham S, Dowrick C, and May C. Palliative medicine: is it 

really specialist territory? J R Soc Med 

98;91(11):568-72. Comment in: J R Soc Med. 1998 

Nov;91(11):563-4. PMID: 10325868. Comment in: J R 

Soc Med. 1999 Feb;92(2):100. PMID: 10450227. 

Comment in: J R Soc Med. 1999 Feb;92(2):100-1. 

PMID: 10450228. Comment in: J R Soc Med. 1999 

Feb;92(2):101. PMID: 10450230. [Rec#: 11298] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Formiga F, Espel E, Chivite D, and Pujol R. Dying from 

heart failure in hospital: palliative decision making 

analysis. Heart 2002;88(2):187. [Rec#: 2375] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Forster M. The meaning of death: some simulations of a 

model of healthy and unhealthy consumption. J Health 

Econ 2001;20(4):613-38. [Rec#: 11301] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Fossa SD, Aass N, and Opjordsmoen S. Assessment of 

quality of life in patients with prostate cancer. Semin 

Oncol 94;21(5):657-61. [Rec#: 11307] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fossa SD. Management of hormone resistant prostate cancer. 

Acta Urol Belg 94;62(1):73-6. [Rec#: 11305] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fossa SD. Quality of life after palliative radiotherapy in 

patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer: single 

institution experience. Br J Urol 94;74(3):345-51. 

[Rec#: 2382] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Fossa SD. Quality of life in advanced prostate cancer. Semin 

Oncol 96;23(6 Suppl 14):32-4. [Rec#: 11306] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Foster BA. Dying and death: one physician's perspective. W 

V Med J 94;90(7):270-1. [Rec#: 11308] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Foster JM. The role of the pain clinic in hospice and 

palliative care. Middle East J Anesthesiol 

94;12(6):521-9. [Rec#: 11310] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Foster, L. W. and McLellan, L. J. Translating psychosocial 

insight into ethical discussions supportive of families in 

end-of-life decision-making. Social Work in Health 

Care 2002;35(3):37-51. [Rec#: 50436] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Fothergill-Bourbonnais F and Wilson-Barnett J. A 

comparative study of intensive therapy unit and hospice 

nurses' knowledge on pain management. J Adv Nurs 

92;17(3):362-72. [Rec#: 2384] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Foulks CJ, Holley JL, and Moss AH. The use of 

cardiopulmonary resuscitation: how nephrologists and 

internists differ. Am J Kidney Dis 91;18(3):379-83. 

[Rec#: 41113] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Foulstone S, Harvey B, Wright J, Jay M, Owen F, and Cole 

R. Bereavement support: evaluation of a palliative care 

memorial service. Palliat Med 93;7(4):307-11. 

[Rec#: 11312] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fountain A. Ethnic minorities and palliative care in Derby. 

Palliat Med 99;13(2):161-2. [Rec#: 2387] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fowler FJ Jr, Cleary PD, Massagli MP, Weissman J, and 

Epstein A. The role of reluctance to give up life in the 

measurement of the values of health states. Med Decis 

Making 95;15(3):195-200. Comment in: Med Decis 

Making. 1995 Jul-Sep;15(3):286-7. PMID: 7564943. 

[Rec#: 2391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fowler FJ Jr, Coppola KM, and Teno JM. Methodological 

challenges for measuring quality of care at the end of 

life. J Pain Symptom Manage 99;17(2):114-9. 

[Rec#: 11315] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Fowler J. A welcome focus on a key relationship. Using 

Peplau's model in palliative care. Prof Nurse 

94;10(3):194-7. [Rec#: 11316] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fowler J. Taking theory into practice: using Peplau's model 

in the care of a patient. Prof Nurse 95;10(4):226-30. 

[Rec#: 2392] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fowler-Kerry S. Palliative care within secure forensic 

environments. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 

2003;10(3):367-9. [Rec#: 11317] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fox E and Lynn J. Prognostic criteria for hospice eligibility. 

JAMA 2000;283(19):2527. [Rec#: 2400] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-78 

Fox E, Landrum-McNiff K, Zhong Z, Dawson NV, Wu AW, 

and Lynn J. Evaluation of prognostic criteria for 

determining hospice eligibility in patients with 

advanced lung, heart, or liver disease. SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. 

JAMA 99;282(17):1638-45. Comment in: JAMA. 1999 

Nov 3;282(17):1670-2. PMID: 10553796. Comment in: 

JAMA. 2000 May 17;283(19):2527. PMID: 10815114. 

[Rec#: 2399] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Fox ET. IV hydration in the terminally ill: ritual or therapy? 

Br J Nurs 96;5(1):41-5. [Rec#: 2401] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fox, P. L., Raina, P., and Jadad, A. R. Prevalence and 

treatment of pain in older adults in nursing homes and 

other long-term care institutions: a systematic review. 

CMAJ 99;160(3):329-33. [Rec#: 50132] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Foxall MJ, Zimmerman L, Standley R, and Bene B. A 

comparison of frequency and sources of nursing job 

stress perceived by intensive care, hospice and 

medical-surgical nurses. J Adv Nurs 90;15(5):577-84. 

[Rec#: 2404] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Foxglove T. Music therapy for people with life-limiting 

illness. Nurs Times 99;95(18):52-4. [Rec#: 2405] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Francis K, Bach JR, and DeLisa JA. Evaluation and 

rehabilitation of patients with adult motor neuron 

disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 99;80(8):951-63. 

[Rec#: 2407] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Franey SG. Three factors critical for end-of-life care. Health 

Prog 96;77(5):30-2, 44. [Rec#: 11330] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Frank C, Hobbs NR, and Stewart GI. Rehabilitation on 

palliative care units: case discussion. J Palliat Care 

98;14(2):50-3. [Rec#: 2409] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Frank E, Prigerson HG, Shear MK, and Reynolds CF 3rd. 

Phenomenology and treatment of bereavement-related 

distress in the elderly. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 97;12 

Suppl 7:S25-9. [Rec#: 2410] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Frank, C., Heyland, D. K., Chen, B., Farquhar, D., Myers, 

K., and Iwaasa, K. Determining resuscitation 

preferences of elderly inpatients: a review of the 

literature. CMAJ 2003;169(8):795-9. [Rec#: 50133] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Frankel S and Kammerling M. Assessing the need for 

hospice beds. Health Trends 90;22(2):83-6. 

[Rec#: 11337] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Franklin M. Acting on dilemmas in palliative care. Nurs 

Times 2001;97(49):37-8. [Rec#: 11339] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Franklin MA. Death and dying fears overcome by 

progressive strategies. J Long Term Care Adm 

94-95;22(4):4-9. Comment in: J Long Term Care Adm. 

1994-95 Winter;22(4):10-1. PMID: 10141895. 

[Rec#: 2413] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Franks PJ, Salisbury C, Bosanquet N, Wilkinson EK, 

Lorentzon M, Kite S, Naysmith A, and Higginson IJ. 

The level of need for palliative care: a systematic 

review of the literature. Palliat Med 2000;14(2):93-104. 

Erratum in: Palliat Med 2001 Sep;15(5):362. 

[Rec#: 11343] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Frantz AK. Breaking down the barriers to heart failure 

patient self-care. Home Healthc Nurse 

2004;22(2):109-15. [Rec#: 50031] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Frantz TT, Lawrence JC, Somov PG, and Somova MJ. 

Factors in hospice patients' length of stay. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 99;16(2):449-54. Comment in: Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care. 1999 Mar-Apr;16(2):438-9. PMID: 

10232119. [Rec#: 2414] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fraser GL and Riker RR. Monitoring sedation, agitation, 

analgesia, and delirium in critically ill adult patients. 

Crit Care Clin 2001;17(4):967-87. [Rec#: 41124] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fraser J. Sharing the challenge: the integration of cancer and 

AIDS. J Palliat Care 95;11(2):23-5. [Rec#: 2415] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Frayne SM, Crawford SL, McGraw SA, Smith KW, and 

McKinlay JB. Help-seeking behaviors of blacks and 

whites dying from coronary heart disease. Ethn Health 

2002;7(2):77-86. [Rec#: 2418] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Frazier SR. Nursing perspectives on patient management 

during chronic therapy for relapsed ovarian cancer. 

Cancer Control 2001;8(6 Suppl 1):19-21. [Rec#: 11347] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Frederich ME. Nonpain symptom management. Prim Care 

2001;28(2):299-316. [Rec#: 11348] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-79 

Freeborne N, Lynn J, and Desbiens NA. Insights about dying 

from the SUPPORT project. The Study to Understand 

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatments. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S199-205. [Rec#: 2420] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Freeborne N. The collected reports from SUPPORT and 

HELP: an annotated bibliography of manuscripts in 

print as of December 31, 1999, and SUPPORT 

prognostic formulas. Study to Understand Prognoses 

and Preferences and Risks of Treatment. Hospitalized 

Elderly Longitudinal Project. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2000;48(5 Suppl):S222-33. [Rec#: 11349] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Freedman VA and Reschovsky JD. Differences across payors 

in charges for agency-based home health services: 

evidence from the National Home and Hospice Care 

Survey. Health Serv Res 97;32(4):433-52. Comment in: 

Health Serv Res. 1997 Oct;32(4):385-9. PMID: 

9327808. [Rec#: 11351] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Freer JP and Zinnerstrom KL. The palliative medicine 

extended standardized patient scenario: a preliminary 

report. J Palliat Med 2001;4(1):49-56. [Rec#: 11354] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Freichels TA. Palliative ventilatory support: use of 

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in terminal 

respiratory insufficiency. Am J Crit Care 94;3(1):6-10. 

Comment in: Am J Crit Care. 1994 Jan;3(1):4-5. PMID: 

8118491. Comment in: Am J Crit Care. 1994 

May;3(3):250-1. PMID: 7518722. [Rec#: 2427] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Frenette G and Beauchemin JP. Sad but true: your father has 

dementia. An approach to announcing the diagnosis. 

Can Fam Physician 2003;49:1296-301. Comment in: 

Can Fam Physician. 2003 Oct;49:1255-6, 1262-4. 

PMID: 14594089. [Rec#: 50032] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Frezza EE, Squillario DM, and Smith TJ. The ethical 

challenge and the futile treatment in the older 

population admitted to the intensive care unit. Am J 

Med Qual 98;13(3):121-6. [Rec#: 41135] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Frich LM and Borgbjerg FM. Pain and pain treatment in 

AIDS patients: a longitudinal study. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2000;19(5):339-47. [Rec#: 2431] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Frick S, Uehlinger DE, and Zuercher Zenklusen RM. 

Medical futility: predicting outcome of intensive care 

unit patients by nurses and doctors--a prospective 

comparative study. Crit Care Med 2003;31(2):456-61. 

Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2003 Feb;31(2):646-8. 

PMID: 12576984. [Rec#: 2432] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Frid I, Bergbom-Engberg I, and Haljamae H. Brain death in 

ICUs and associated nursing care challenges concerning 

patients and families. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 

98;14(1):21-9. [Rec#: 41136] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fried O. Palliative care for patients with end-stage renal 

failure: reflections from Central Australia. Palliat Med 

2003;17(6):514-9. [Rec#: 2434] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fried O. Providing palliative care for Aboriginal patients. 

Aust Fam Physician 2000;29(11):1035-8. [Rec#: 11364] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fried TR and Bradley EH. What matters to seriously ill older 

persons making end-of-life treatment decisions?: A 

qualitative study. J Palliat Med 2003;6(2):237-44. 

[Rec#: 2435] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Fried TR and Gillick MR. Medical decision-making in the 

last six months of life: choices about limitation of care. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 94;42(3):303-7. [Rec#: 2440] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Fried TR, van Doorn C, O'Leary JR, Tinetti ME, and 

Drickamer MA. Older persons' preferences for site of 

terminal care. Ann Intern Med 99;131(2):109-12. 

Erratum in: Ann Intern Med 2000 Mar 7;132(5):419. 

[Rec#: 2442] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Fried TR, van Doorn C, Tinetti ME, and Drickamer MA. 

Older persons' preferences for site of treatment in acute 

illness. J Gen Intern Med 98;13(8):522-7. 

[Rec#: 41140] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Friedemann ML, Mouch J, and Racey T. Nursing the spirit: 

the Framework of Systemic Organization. J Adv Nurs 

2002;39(4):325-32. [Rec#: 2443] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Friedenberg RM. The end of life. Radiology 

2003;228(2):309-12. [Rec#: 11366] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-80 

Friedman BT, Harwood MK, and Shields M. Barriers and 

enablers to hospice referrals: an expert overview. J 

Palliat Med 2002;5(1):73-84. [Rec#: 11368] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Friedman E. A sense of loss. Why do people make irrational 

demands for care and incomprehensible refusals of 

care? Healthc Forum J 95;38(2):9-12. [Rec#: 11369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Friedman MM and King KB. Correlates of fatigue in older 

women with heart failure. Heart Lung 95;24(6):512-8. 

[Rec#: 31733] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Friedman MM. Designing home care processes to make 

organizational improvements: the Joint Commission 

Standards. Home Healthc Nurse 2000;18(5):292-5. 

[Rec#: 11376] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Friedman MM. Improving organizational performance 

standards: data aggregation and analysis. Home Healthc 

Nurse 2000;18(7):438-41. [Rec#: 11378] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Friedman MM. Infection control update for home care and 

hospice organizations. Home Healthc Nurse 

2003;21(11):753-8; quiz 759-60. [Rec#: 11379] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Friedman MM. Performance improvement: the final phase of 

an organization's performance. Home Healthc Nurse 

2000;18(8):505-6. [Rec#: 11381] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Friedman MM. The impact of the Needlestick Safety and 

Prevention Act on home care and hospice organizations. 

Home Healthc Nurse 2001;19(6):356-60; quiz 361. 

[Rec#: 11377] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Friedman MM. The Joint Commission's National Patient 

Safety Goals: implications for home care and hospice 

organizations. Home Healthc Nurse 2003;21(7):481-8; 

quiz 489-90. [Rec#: 11380] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Friedman RI. Use of advance directives: facilitating health 

care decisions by adults with mental retardation and 

their families. Ment Retard 98;36(6):444-56. 

[Rec#: 2446] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Friedman Y. Ethical issues in the critically ill patient. Curr 

Opin Crit Care 2001;7(6):475-9. [Rec#: 11387] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Friedmann J. The dietitian's role in withholding and 

withdrawing nutritional support: special considerations 

for the older adult. Nutrition 97;13(6):587-8. 

[Rec#: 2448] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Friedrichsen MJ and Strang PM. Doctors' strategies when 

breaking bad news to terminally ill patients. J Palliat 

Med 2003;6(4):565-74. [Rec#: 41145] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Friedrichsen MJ, Strang PM, and Carlsson ME. Breaking bad 

news in the transition from curative to palliative cancer 

care--patient's view of the doctor giving the 

information. Support Care Cancer 2000;8(6):472-8. 

Comment in: Support Care Cancer. 2000 

Nov;8(6):437-8. PMID: 11094986. [Rec#: 2449] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Friedrichsen MJ, Strang PM, and Carlsson ME. Cancer 

patients' interpretations of verbal expressions when 

given information about ending cancer treatment. 

Palliat Med 2002;16(4):323-30. [Rec#: 2450] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Friedrichsen MJ, Strang PM, and Carlsson ME. Receiving 

bad news: experiences of family members. J Palliat 

Care 2001;17(4):241-7. [Rec#: 2452] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Friesen P and Manitt J. Nursing the remarried family in a 

palliative care setting. J Palliat Care 90;6(4):32-9. 

[Rec#: 2454] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Friesinger GC 2cnd and Butler J. End-of-life care for elderly 

patients with heart failure. Clin Geriatr Med 

2000;16(3):663-75. [Rec#: 2455] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Frodin, J. E. Lung cancer. Acta Oncol 96;35 Suppl 7:46-53. 

[Rec#: 50134] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Froggatt K. The place of metaphor and language in exploring 

nurses' emotional work. J Adv Nurs 98;28(2):332-8. 

[Rec#: 11388] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Froggatt KA and Hoult L. Developing palliative care practice 

in nursing and residential care homes: the role of the 

clinical nurse specialist. J Clin Nurs 2002;11(6):802-8. 

[Rec#: 2460] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-81 

Froggatt KA, Poole K, and Hoult L. The provision of 

palliative care in nursing homes and residential care 

homes: a survey of clinical nurse specialist work. 

Palliat Med 2002;16(6):481-7. [Rec#: 2461] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Froggatt KA. Palliative care and nursing homes: where next? 

Palliat Med 2001;15(1):42-8. [Rec#: 2459] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Froiland KG. Wound care of the advanced cancer patient. 

Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2002;16(3):629-39. 

[Rec#: 11390] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fromme E and Billings JA. Care of the dying doctor: on the 

other end of the stethoscope. JAMA 

2003;290(15):2048-55. [Rec#: 2462] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Frost M. The role of physical, occupational, and speech 

therapy in hospice: patient empowerment. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2001;18(6):397-402. [Rec#: 11393] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Frozena CL. Easing end-stage respiratory symptoms in dying 

patients. Home Healthc Nurse 98;16(4):256-60. 

Erratum in: Home Healthc Nurse 1998 Jun;16(6):421. 

[Rec#: 11394] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fry PS. A factor analytic investigation of home-bound 

elderly individuals' concerns about death and dying, and 

their coping responses. J Clin Psychol 90;46(6):737-48. 

[Rec#: 2469] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Fry PS. Perceived self-efficacy domains as predictors of fear 

of the unknown and fear of dying among older adults. 

Psychol Aging 2003;18(3):474-86. [Rec#: 2470] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fry PS. Predictors of health-related quality of life 

perspectives, self-esteem, and life satisfactions of older 

adults following spousal loss: an 18-month follow-up 

study of widows and widowers. Gerontologist 

2001;41(6):787-98. [Rec#: 2471] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Fry PS. The unique contribution of key existential factors to 

the prediction of psychological well-being of older 

adults following spousal loss. Gerontologist 

2001;41(1):69-81. [Rec#: 2472] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Fry ST and Duffy ME. The development and psychometric 

evaluation of the Ethical Issues Scale. J Nurs Scholarsh 

2001;33(3):273-7. [Rec#: 11395] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Fryback PB and Reinert BR. Facilitating health in people 

with terminal diagnoses by encouraging a sense of 

control. Medsurg Nurs 93;2(3):197-201. [Rec#: 2474] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fryback PB and Reinert BR. Spirituality and people with 

potentially fatal diagnoses. Nurs Forum 99;34(1):13-22. 

[Rec#: 2475] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Fryer JE. Psychiatry and HIV hospice care. Focus 

95;10(8):5-6. [Rec#: 11396] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Fuh JL, Wang SJ, Liu HC, Liu CY, and Wang HC. 

Predictors of depression among Chinese family 

caregivers of Alzheimer patients. Alzheimer Dis Assoc 

Disord 99;13(3):171-5. [Rec#: 31747] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fuhrer R, Dufouil C, Dartigues JF, and PAQUID Study. 

Exploring sex differences in the relationship between 

depressive symptoms and dementia incidence: 

prospective results from the PAQUID Study. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 2003;51(8):1055-63. Comment in: J Am 

Geriatr Soc. 2003 Aug;51(8):1178-80. PMID: 

12890087. [Rec#: 31748] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fujita LY and Dungan J. High risk for ineffective 

management of therapeutic regimen: a protocol study. 

Rehabil Nurs 94;19(2):75-9. [Rec#: 31750] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fujita M, Miyamoto S, Tambara K, and Budgell B. 

Trepopnea in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J 

Cardiol 2002;84(2-3):115-8. [Rec#: 31751] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fukui S. Care for bereaved families. Acta Paediatr Jpn 

94;36(3):304-6. [Rec#: 2483] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fullbrook S and Wilkinson MB. Some dilemmas of living 

wills. Br J Theatre Nurs 96;6(1):13-7. [Rec#: 11402] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Fulmer TT, Feldman PH, Kim TS, Carty B, Beers M, Molina 

M, and Putnam M. An intervention study to enhance 

medication compliance in community-dwelling elderly 

individuals. J Gerontol Nurs 99;25(8):6-14. 

[Rec#: 31759] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Fulton G, Madden C, and Minichiello V. The social 

construction of anticipatory grief. Soc Sci Med 

96;43(9):1349-58. [Rec#: 11403] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-82 

Fultz NH and Herzog AR. Self-reported social and emotional 

impact of urinary incontinence. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2001;49(7):892-9. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 

Jul;49(7):998-9. PMID: 11527497. Comment in: J Am 

Geriatr Soc. 2002 Jul;50(7):1311. PMID: 12133035. 

[Rec#: 2491] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Furman J. Taking a holistic approach to the dying time. 

Nursing 2000;30(6):46-9. [Rec#: 11408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Furman J. What you should know about chronic grief. 

Nursing 2002;32(2):56-7. [Rec#: 11409] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Furnish WL. The nurse's interaction with the AIDS patient. J 

Pract Nurs 94;44(1):12-3. [Rec#: 11411] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Furrow BR. Pain management and provider liability: no 

more excuses. J Law Med Ethics 2001;29(1):28-51. 

[Rec#: 11412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Furst CJ. Perspectives on palliative care: Sweden. Support 

Care Cancer 2000;8(6):441-3. [Rec#: 11414] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Furst CJ. The European Association for Palliative Care 

initiative in Eastern Europe. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;24(2):134-5. [Rec#: 11413] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Furton EJ. Reflections on the status of brain death. Ethics 

Medics 99;24(10):2-4. [Rec#: 11415] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Furukawa MM. Meeting the needs of the dying patient's 

family. Crit Care Nurse 96;16(1):51-7. [Rec#: 11416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Futterman A, Gallagher D, Thompson LW, Lovett S, and 

Gilewski M. Retrospective assessment of marital 

adjustment and depression during the first 2 years of 

spousal bereavement. Psychol Aging 90;5(2):277-83. 

[Rec#: 2501] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Fuzi BL. Realization impact: nursing assessment and 

strategies. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 95;14(6):316-26. 

[Rec#: 2502] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gabany JM. Factors contributing to the quality of end-of-life 

care. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2000;12(11):472-4. 

[Rec#: 2503] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Gabbard, GO and C, Nadelson. Professional Boundaries in 

the Physician-Patient Relationship. Journal of the 

American Medical Association 95;273(18):1445-1449. 

[Rec#: 50438] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gabel JR, Hurst KM, and Hunt KA. Health benefits for the 

terminally ill: reality and perception. Health Aff 

(Millwood) 98;17(6):120-7. [Rec#: 11420] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gaby AR. Intravenous nutrient therapy: the "Myers' 

cocktail". Altern Med Rev 2002;7(5):389-403. 

[Rec#: 31775] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gadducci A, Cosio S, Fanucchi A, and Genazzani AR. 

Malnutrition and cachexia in ovarian cancer patients: 

pathophysiology and management. Anticancer Res 

2001;21(4B):2941-7. [Rec#: 11422] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gadow S. Aging as death rehearsal: the oppressiveness of 

reason. J Clin Ethics 96;7(1):35-40. [Rec#: 11423] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gaffin J, Hill D, and Penso D. Opening doors: improving 

access to hospice and specialist palliative care services 

by members of the black and minority ethnic 

communities. Commentary on palliative care. Br J 

Cancer Suppl 96;29:S51-3. [Rec#: 2507] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gage B, Miller SC, Mor V, Harvell J. Synthesis and analysis 

of Medicare's Hospice benefit, executive summary and 

recommendations. 2000;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50439] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gagnon B, Mancini I, Pereira J, and Bruera E. Palliative 

management of bleeding events in advanced cancer 

patients. J Palliat Care 98;14(4):50-4. [Rec#: 2511] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gagnon, B. and Bruera, E. Differences in the ratios of 

morphine to methadone in patients with neuropathic 

pain versus non-neuropathic pain. Journal of Pain & 

Symptom Management 99;18(2):120-5. [Rec#: 50441] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Gagnon, B., Lawlor, P. G., Mancini, I. L., Pereira, J. L., 

Hanson, J., and Bruera, E. D. The impact of delirium on 

the circadian distribution of breakthrough analgesia in 

advanced cancer patients. Journal of Pain & Symptom 

Management 2001;22(4):826-33. [Rec#: 50442] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Galambos CM. Preserving end-of-life autonomy: the Patient 

Self-Determination Act and the Uniform Health Care 

Decisions Act. Health Soc Work 98;23(4):275-81. 

[Rec#: 11425] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-83 

Galasko D, Corey-Bloom J, and Thal LJ. Monitoring 

progression in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 

91;39(9):932-41. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992 

May;40(5):537-8. PMID: 1634715. [Rec#: 31780] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Galatius S, Gustafsson F, Nielsen PH, Atar D, and 

Hildebrandt PR. An integrated approach to diagnosis 

and therapeutic management of patients with systolic 

heart failure in the Copenhagen metropolitan area. Am 

Heart J 2002;144(2):E2. [Rec#: 31782] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Galazka M. Can hospice rehabilitate offenders? Am J Hosp 

Care 90;7(1):17-8. [Rec#: 11426] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gall, A. Post stroke depression. Hospital Medicine (London) 

2001;62(5):268-73. [Rec#: 50443] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Galla JH. Clinical practice guideline on shared 

decision-making in the appropriate initiation of and 

withdrawal from dialysis. The Renal Physicians 

Association and the American Society of Nephrology. J 

Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11(7):1340-2. Corrected, 

republished in: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000 Sep;11(9):2 p 

following 1788. PMID: 11182927. [Rec#: 11427] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gallagher LM, Huston MJ, Nelson KA, Walsh D, and Steele 

AL. Music therapy in palliative medicine. Support Care 

Cancer 2001;9(3):156-61. [Rec#: 11429] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gallagher RM. Primary care and pain medicine. A 

community solution to the public health problem of 

chronic pain. Med Clin North Am 99;83(3):555-83, v. 

[Rec#: 11431] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gallagher SM. A discussion of futility and chronic wound 

care. Ostomy Wound Manage 98;44(5):18-20, 22-3. 

[Rec#: 2519] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gallagher-Thompson D, Arean P, Coon D, Menendez A, 

Takagi K, Haley W, et al. Development and 

implementation of intervention strategies for culturally 

diverse caregiving populations. 2000;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50920] 

In abstract review process 

Gallo JJ, Straton JB, Klag MJ, Meoni LA, Sulmasy DP, 

Wang NY, and Ford DE. Life-sustaining treatments: 

what do physicians want and do they express their 

wishes to others? J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(7):961-9. 

[Rec#: 2526] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gallo-Silver L and Pollack B. Behavioral interventions for 

lung cancer-related breathlessness. Cancer Pract 

2000;8(6):268-73. [Rec#: 31786] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Galluzzi KE. Caring for the caregivers. J Am Osteopath 

Assoc 99;99(9 Suppl):S17-20. [Rec#: 31787] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Galvin J. An audit of pressure ulcer incidence in a palliative 

care setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(5):214-21. 

[Rec#: 2530] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Galynker I, Ieronimo C, Miner C, Rosenblum J, Vilkas N, 

and Rosenthal R. Methylphenidate treatment of negative 

symptoms in patients with dementia. J Neuropsychiatry 

Clin Neurosci 97;9(2):231-9. [Rec#: 31789] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Gambassi G, Landi F, Lapane KL, Sgadari A, Mor V, and 

Bernabei R. Is drug use by the elderly with cognitive 

impairment influenced by type of dementia? 

Pharmacotherapy 99;19(4):430-6. [Rec#: 31790] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Gamble K. Communication and information: the experience 

of radiotherapy patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

98;7(3):153-61. [Rec#: 31792] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gambles M, Wilkinson SM, and Dissanayake C. What are 

you like?: A personality profile of cancer and palliative 

care nurses in the United kingdom. Cancer Nurs 

2003;26(2):97-104. [Rec#: 2532] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gamborg H and Madsen LD. Palliative care in Denmark. 

Support Care Cancer 97;5(2):82-4. [Rec#: 11433] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gamino LA, Hogan NS, and Sewell KW. Feeling the 

absence: a content analysis from the Scott and White 

grief study. Death Stud 2002;26(10):793-813. 

[Rec#: 11434] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Gamino LA, Sewell KW, and Easterling LW. Scott and 

White Grief Study--phase 2: toward an adaptive model 

of grief. Death Stud 2000;24(7):633-60. [Rec#: 11435] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Gamlin R and Kinghorn S. Using hope to cope with loss and 

grief. Nurs Stand 95;9(48):33-5. [Rec#: 11437] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-84 

Ganesan R, Standish T, Molloy DW, Darzins P, and Orange 

JB. New treatments for dementia. Myth, magic, and 

science. Can Fam Physician 94;40:1149-57. 

[Rec#: 2536] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gannon C and McNamara P. A retrospective observation of 

corticosteroid use at the end of life in a hospice. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;24(3):328-34. [Rec#: 11440] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Gans M and Gunn WB Jr. End stage anorexia: criteria for 

competence to refuse treatment. Int J Law Psychiatry 

2003;26(6):677-95. [Rec#: 2540] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ganz PA, Lee JJ, and Siau J. Quality of life assessment. An 

independent prognostic variable for survival in lung 

cancer. Cancer 91;67(12):3131-5. [Rec#: 2542] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Ganz PA. Quality of Life Across the Continuum of Breast 

Cancer Care. Breast J 2000;6(5):324-330. [Rec#: 2541] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ganzini L, Lee MA, Heintz RT, and Bloom JD. 

Do-not-resuscitate orders for depressed psychiatric 

inpatients. Hosp Community Psychiatry 

92;43(9):915-9. [Rec#: 2543] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ganzini, L., Lee, M. A., Heintz, R. T., Bloom, J. D., and 

Fenn, D. S. The effect of depression treatment on 

elderly patients' preferences for life-sustaining medical 

therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 

94;151(11):1631-6. [Rec#: 50446] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Ganzini, L., Smith, D. M., Fenn, D. S., and Lee, M. A. 

Depression and mortality in medically ill older adults. 

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

97;45(3):307-12. [Rec#: 50447] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Ganzini, L., Volicer, L., Nelson, W., and Derse, A. Pitfalls in 

assessment of decision-making capacity. 

Psychosomatics 2003;44(3):237-43. [Rec#: 50448] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Garattini S. Narcotic drug use for severe pain. Lancet 

93;341(8852):1061-2. [Rec#: 11442] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Garcia de Lucio L, Garcia Lopez FJ, Marin Lopez MT, Mas 

Hesse B, and Caamano Vaz MD. Training programme 

in techniques of self-control and communication skills 

to improve nurses' relationships with relatives of 

seriously ill patients: a randomized controlled study. J 

Adv Nurs 2000;32(2):425-31. [Rec#: 41170] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Garcia JA, Romano PS, Chan BK, Kass PH, and Robbins JA. 

Sociodemographic factors and the assignment of 

do-not-resuscitate orders in patients with acute 

myocardial infarctions. Med Care 2000;38(6):670-8. 

[Rec#: 41174] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Garcia OD. The unity of the human person: a central concept 

in the interface between medicine and theology. 

Linacre Q 2001;68(1):71-89. [Rec#: 11446] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Garcia-Aguilar J, Cromwell JW, Marra C, Lee SH, Madoff 

RD, and Rothenberger DA. Treatment of locally 

recurrent rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 

2001;44(12):1743-8. [Rec#: 2546] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Garden D. Advance medical directives (living wills). J Med 

Assoc Thai 99;82(4):414-23. [Rec#: 11447] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gardner A and Sibthorpe B. Will he get back to normal? 

Survival and functional status after intensive care 

therapy. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2002;18(3):138-45. 

[Rec#: 41175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gardner-Nix JS, Brodie R, Tjan E, Wilton M, Zoberman L, 

Barnes F, Friedrich J, and Wood J. Scarborough's 

Palliative 'At-home' Care Team (PACT): a model for a 

suburban physician palliative care team. J Palliat Care 

95;11(3):43-9. [Rec#: 11449] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Garfield FB, Getsios D, Caro JJ, Wimo A, and Winblad B. 

Assessment of Health Economics in Alzheimer's 

Disease (AHEAD): treatment with galantamine in 

Sweden. Pharmacoeconomics 2002;20(9):629-37. 

[Rec#: 31806] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Garner J. Dementia: an intimate death. Br J Med Psychol 

97;70 ( Pt 2):177-84. [Rec#: 2549] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Garner PD, Hall LD, and Johnstone PA. Palliation of 

unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 

2000;75(2):95-7. Comment on: J Surg Oncol. 2000 

Oct;75(2):89-94. PMID: 11064386. [Rec#: 11452] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-85 

Garnett M. Sustaining the cocoon: the emotional inoculation 

produced by complementary therapies in palliative care. 

Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2003;12(2):129-36. 

[Rec#: 11453] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Garnett, M. Sustaining the cocoon: the emotional inoculation 

produced by complementary therapies in palliative care. 

European Journal of Cancer Care 2003;12(2):129-36. 

[Rec#: 50449] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Garrett G. A natural way to go? Death and bereavement in 

old age. Prof Nurse 91;6(12):744-6, 748-9. 

[Rec#: 11454] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Garrett JM, Harris RP, Norburn JK, Patrick DL, and Danis 

M. Life-sustaining treatments during terminal illness: 

who wants what? J Gen Intern Med 93;8(7):361-8. 

[Rec#: 2552] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Garvey C. AIDS care for the elderly. A community-based 

approach. AIDS Patient Care 94;8(3):118-20. 

[Rec#: 2555] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Garwin M. The duty to care--the right to refuse. Changing 

roles of patients and physicians in end-of-life decision 

making. J Leg Med 98;19(1):99-125. [Rec#: 11455] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Garza-Guerrero C. Idealization and mourning in love 

relationships: normal and pathological spectra. 

Psychoanal Q 2000;69(1):121-50. [Rec#: 11456] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gaskins S and Brown K. Psychosocial responses among 

individuals with human immunodeficiency virus 

infection. Appl Nurs Res 92;5(3):111-21. [Rec#: 2556] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gatchel RJ, Noe CE, Pulliam C, Robbins H, Deschner M, 

Gajraj NM, and Vakharia AS. A preliminary study of 

multidimensional pain inventory profile differences in 

predicting treatment outcome in a heterogeneous cohort 

of patients with chronic pain. Clin J Pain 

2002;18(3):139-43. [Rec#: 2558] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gates EA. Understanding the goals of care in end-of-life 

decision making: a committee opinion at the bedside. 

Womens Health Issues 96;6(5):302-3. [Rec#: 2559] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gates KM. The experience of caring for a loved one: a 

phenomenological study. Nurs Sci Q 2000;13(1):54-9. 

[Rec#: 2560] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gates MF, Kaul M, Speece MW, and Brent SB. The attitudes 

of beginning nursing and medical students toward care 

of dying patients: a preliminary study. Hosp J 

92;8(4):17-32. [Rec#: 2561] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gates MF. Culture Care theory for study of dying patients in 

hospital and hospice contexts. NLN Publ 

91;(15-2402):281-304. [Rec#: 11461] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gates MF. Transcultural comparison of hospital and hospice 

as caring environments for dying patients. J Transcult 

Nurs 91;2(2):3-15. [Rec#: 11462] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Gates RA, Weaver MJ, and Gates RH. Patient acceptance of 

an information sheet about cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation options. J Gen Intern Med 

93;8(12):679-82. [Rec#: 2563] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gates RP. Throw "hospice" out the window. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 93;10(2):4-5. [Rec#: 11463] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gatrad AR and Sheikh A. Palliative care for Muslims and 

issues before death. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(11):526-31. [Rec#: 2564] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gatrad R and Sheikh A. Palliative care for Muslims and 

issues after death. Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(12):594-7. 

[Rec#: 11467] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gatrad R, P P, Brown E, and Sheikh A. Palliative care for 

Hindus. Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(10):442-8. 

[Rec#: 11465] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gatrad R, Panesar SS, Brown E, Notta H, and Sheikh A. 

Palliative care for Sikhs. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2003;9(11):496-8. [Rec#: 11466] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gatrell AC, Harman JC, Francis BJ, Thomas C, Morris SM, 

and McIllmurray M. Place of death: analysis of cancer 

deaths in part of North West England. J Public Health 

Med 2003;25(1):53-8. [Rec#: 11468] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Gatter R. Unnecessary adversaries at the end of life: 

mediating end-of-life treatment disputes to prevent 

erosion of physician-patient relationships. Boston Univ 

Law Rev 99;79(5):1091-137. [Rec#: 11469] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-86 

Gattis WA, Hasselblad V, Whellan DJ, and O'Connor CM. 

Reduction in heart failure events by the addition of a 

clinical pharmacist to the heart failure management 

team: results of the Pharmacist in Heart Failure 

Assessment Recommendation and Monitoring 

(PHARM) Study. Arch Intern Med 

99;159(16):1939-45. Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 

2000 Jun 12;160(11):1698. PMID: 10847264. 

[Rec#: 31818] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Gauthier DM and Swigart VA. The contextual nature of 

decision making near the end of life: hospice patients' 

perspectives. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(2):121-8. [Rec#: 2569] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Gauthier L and Gauthier S. Assessment of functional 

changes in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroepidemiology 

90;9(4):183-8. [Rec#: 31820] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gauthier S, Gelinas I, and Gauthier L. Functional disability 

in Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr 97;9 Suppl 

1:163-5. [Rec#: 31823] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gavrin J and Chapman CR. Clinical management of dying 

patients. West J Med 95;163(3):268-77. [Rec#: 11471] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gazelle G. A good death: not just an abstract concept. J Clin 

Oncol 2001;19(3):917-8. Comment in: J Clin Oncol. 

2001 Oct 1;19(19):3999. PMID: 11579126. 

[Rec#: 11475] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gazelle G. The slow code--should anyone rush to its 

defense? N Engl J Med 98;338(7):467-9. Comment in: 

N Engl J Med. 1998 Jun 25;338(26):1921-2; author 

reply 1922-3. PMID: 9643985. Comment in: N Engl J 

Med. 1998 Jun 25;338(26):1921; author reply 1922-3. 

PMID: 9643983. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1998 Jun 

25;338(26):1921; author reply 1922-. [Rec#: 11476] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Geddes DM, Dones L, Hill E, Law K, Harper PG, Spiro SG, 

Tobias JS, and Souhami RL. Quality of life during 

chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer: assessment 

and use of a daily diary card in a randomized trial. Eur 

J Cancer 90;26(4):484-92. [Rec#: 31831] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Geddes DM. Quality of life in lung cancer. Respir Med 

91;85 Suppl B:7-11; discussion 33-7. [Rec#: 31830] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gehlbach BK and Geppert E. The pulmonary manifestations 

of left heart failure. Chest 2004;125(2):669-82. 

[Rec#: 31835] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gehrman PR, Martin JL, Shochat T, Nolan S, Corey-Bloom 

J, and Ancoli-Israel S. Sleep-disordered breathing and 

agitation in institutionalized adults with Alzheimer 

disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003;11(4):426-33. 

[Rec#: 31837] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Geldmacher DS, Provenzano G, McRae T, Mastey V, and 

Ieni JR. Donepezil is associated with delayed nursing 

home placement in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(7):937-44. [Rec#: 31839] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Gelfand DE, Baker L, and Cooney G. Developing end-of-life 

interdisciplinary programs in universitywide settings. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(3):201-4. 

[Rec#: 11480] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gelfand DE, Balcazar H, Parzuchowski J, and Lenox S. 

Mexicans and care for the terminally ill: family, 

hospice, and the church. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(6):391-6. [Rec#: 2588] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gelinas I, Gauthier S, and Cyrus PA. Metrifonate enhances 

the ability of Alzheimer's disease patients to initiate, 

organize, and execute instrumental and basic activities 

of daily living. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 

2000;13(1):9-16. [Rec#: 31841] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Gelling LH. Death: a concept analysis and application to 

practice. Nurs Crit Care 96;1(3):137-40. [Rec#: 2589] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gelo F. Conversations with the dying: tone and texture. Am 

J Hosp Palliat Care 2002;19(6):415-6. [Rec#: 11483] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gelo F. Risks of infection to the bereaved. J Pastoral Care 

97;51(4):427-34. [Rec#: 11484] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Gender disparities in clinical decision making. Council on 

Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical 

Association. JAMA 91;266(4):559-62. Comment in: 

JAMA. 1991 Dec 4;266(21):2984; author reply 2984-5. 

PMID: 1843802. [Rec#: 31842] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Genovese K. Marketing hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

95;12(6):30-3. [Rec#: 11485] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-87 

Georgaki S, Kalaidopoulou O, Liarmakopoulos I, and 

Mystakidou K. Nurses' attitudes toward truthful 

communication with patients with cancer. A Greek 

study. Cancer Nurs 2002;25(6):436-41. [Rec#: 2590] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Georges JJ, Grypdonck M, and Dierckx de Casterle B. Being 

a palliative care nurse in an academic hospital: a 

qualitative study about nurses' perceptions of palliative 

care nursing. J Clin Nurs 2002;11(6):785-93. 

[Rec#: 2593] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Georgesen J and Dungan JM. Managing spiritual distress in 

patients with advanced cancer pain. Cancer Nurs 

96;19(5):376-83. [Rec#: 2594] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Georgoff PB. The Rorschach with hospice cancer patients 

and surviving cancer patients. J Pers Assess 

91;56(2):218-26. [Rec#: 2595] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Gerard L, Flandre P, Raguin G, Le Gall JR, Vilde JL, and 

Leport C. Life expectancy in hospitalized patients with 

AIDS: prognostic factors on admission. J Palliat Care 

96;12(1):26-30. [Rec#: 2598] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Gerber LA. Transformations in self-understanding in 

surgeons whose treatment efforts were not successful. 

Am J Psychother 90;44(1):75-84. [Rec#: 2599] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gerber LH. Cancer rehabilitation into the future. Cancer 

2001;92(4 Suppl):975-9. [Rec#: 2600] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gerety MB, Cornell JE, Mulrow CD, Tuley M, Hazuda HP, 

Lichtenstein M, Kanten DN, Aguilar C, Kadri AA, and 

Rosenberg J. The Sickness Impact Profile for nursing 

homes (SIP-NH). J Gerontol 94;49(1):M2-8. Erratum 

in: J Gerontol 1994 Mar;49(2):M43. [Rec#: 41190] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Germino BB. When a chronic illness becomes terminal. 

ANNA J 98;25(6):579-82. [Rec#: 11499] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Geron SM, Smith K, Tennstedt S, Jette A, Chassler D, and 

Kasten L. The home care satisfaction measure: a 

client-centered approach to assessing the satisfaction of 

frail older adults with home care services. J Gerontol B 

Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2000;55(5):S259-70. [Rec#: 41192] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gerra G, Monti D, Panerai AE, Sacerdote P, Anderlini R, 

Avanzini P, Zaimovic A, Brambilla F, and Franceschi 

C. Long-term immune-endocrine effects of 

bereavement: relationships with anxiety levels and 

mood. Psychiatry Res 2003;121(2):145-58. 

[Rec#: 2604] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Gessert CE, Forbes S, and Bern-Klug M. Planning 

end-of-life care for patients with dementia: roles of 

families and health professionals. Omega (Westport) 

2000;42(4):273-91. [Rec#: 11502] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Getsios D, Caro JJ, Caro G, Ishak K, and AHEAD Study 

Group. Assessment of health economics in Alzheimer's 

disease (AHEAD): galantamine treatment in Canada. 

Neurology 2001;57(6):972-8. Comment in: Neurology. 

2001 Sep 25;57(6):943-4. PMID: 11571313. 

[Rec#: 31861] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ghali JK. Race, ethnicity, and heart failure. J Card Fail 

2002;8(6):387-9. Comment on: J Card Fail. 2002 

Dec;8(6):381-6. PMID: 12528090. [Rec#: 50033] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ghigo E, Nicolosi M, Arvat E, Marcone A, Danelon F, 

Mucci M, Franceschi M, Smirne S, and Camanni F. 

Growth hormone secretion in Alzheimer's disease: 

studies with growth hormone-releasing hormone alone 

and combined with pyridostigmine or arginine. 

Dementia 93;4(6):315-20. [Rec#: 31868] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ghooi RB and Ghooi SR. Freedom from pain--a mirage or a 

possibility? experience in attempts to change laws and 

practices in India. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 

2003;17(3-4):1-9; discussion 11-2. [Rec#: 2615] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ghusn HF, Teasdale TA, and Skelly JR. Limiting treatment 

in nursing homes: knowledge and attitudes of nursing 

home medical directors. J Am Geriatr Soc 

95;43(10):1131-4. [Rec#: 2617] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Giannini A, Pessina A, and Tacchi EM. End-of-life decisions 

in intensive care units: attitudes of physicians in an 

Italian urban setting. Intensive Care Med 

2003;29(11):1902-10. [Rec#: 2622] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Giasson M and Bouchard L. Effect of therapeutic touch on 

the well-being of persons with terminal cancer. J Holist 

Nurs 98;16(3):383-98. [Rec#: 2623] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-88 

Gibbons L, Coleridge-Smith E, Winstanley F, and Dhillon G. 

Nurses' roles in palliative care. Community Nurse 

96;2(10):18-9. [Rec#: 11506] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gibbons MB. Listening to the lived experience of loss. 

Pediatr Nurs 93;19(6):597-9. [Rec#: 2625] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gibbs G. Nurses in private nursing homes: a study of their 

knowledge and attitudes to pain management in 

palliative care. Palliat Med 95;9(3):245-53. 

[Rec#: 2626] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gibbs LM, Ellershaw JE, and Williams MD. Caring for 

patients with HIV disease: the experience of a generic 

hospice. AIDS Care 97;9(5):601-7. [Rec#: 2627] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Giblin MJ. Beyond principles: virtue ethics in hospice and 

palliative care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(4):235-9. [Rec#: 11509] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gibson J and Grealish L. Relating palliative care principles 

to the promotion of undisturbed sleep in a hospice 

setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(3):140-5. 

[Rec#: 11512] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gibson JM. Death by definition and process. HEC Forum 

96;8(6):340-5. [Rec#: 11513] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gibson MC and Schroder C. The many faces of pain for 

older, dying adults. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(1):19-25. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care. 2001 Jan-Feb;18(1):5-6. PMID: 11406879. 

[Rec#: 2629] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gibson R. Palliative care for the poor and disenfranchised: a 

view from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. J R 

Soc Med 2001;94(9):486-9. [Rec#: 2630] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gifford BJ and Cleary BB. Supporting the bereaved. Am J 

Nurs 90;90(2):48-53. [Rec#: 11515] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gifford DR, Holloway RG, Frankel MR, Albright CL, 

Meyerson R, Griggs RC, and Vickrey BG. Improving 

adherence to dementia guidelines through education and 

opinion leaders. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann 

Intern Med 99;131(4):237-46. [Rec#: 31890] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gift, A. G. Clinical measurement of dyspnea. Dimensions of 

Critical Care Nursing 89;8:210-216. [Rec#: 50450] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gilbar O and Steiner M. When death comes: where should 

patients die? Hosp J 96;11(1):31-48. [Rec#: 2636] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Gilbar O. Length of cancer patients' stay at a hospice: does it 

affect psychological adjustment to the loss of the 

spouse? J Palliat Care 98;14(4):16-20. [Rec#: 2635] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Gilbar P and Stefaniuk K. The role of the pharmacist in 

palliative care: results of a survey conducted in 

Australia and Canada. J Palliat Care 

2002;18(4):287-92. [Rec#: 11517] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gilberg K, Laouri M, Wade S, and Isonaka S. Analysis of 

medication use patterns:apparent overuse of antibiotics 

and underuse of prescription drugs for asthma, 

depression, and CHF. J Manag Care Pharm 

2003;9(3):232-7. Comment in: J Manag Care Pharm. 

2003 May-Jun;9(3):274-5. PMID: 14613472. 

[Rec#: 31893] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gilbert R, Willan AR, Richardson S, and Sellick S. Survey of 

family physicians: what is their role in cancer patient 

care? Can J Oncol 94;4(3):285-90. [Rec#: 2639] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Giles T. The cost-effective way forward for the management 

of the patient with heart failure. Cardiology 96;87 

Suppl 1:33-9. [Rec#: 31895] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gilewski MJ, Farberow NL, Gallagher DE, and Thompson 

LW. Interaction of depression and bereavement on 

mental health in the elderly. Psychol Aging 

91;6(1):67-75. [Rec#: 2640] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gilhooly ML, Murray K, and Berkeley JS. Public knowledge 

of hospices: a street survey in Glasgow. Health Bull 

(Edinb) 91;49(2):165-70. [Rec#: 2641] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gillan J. The right to know: the nurse's role in informing 

patients. Nurs Times 94;90(35):46-7. [Rec#: 2645] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gilley DW, Wilson RS, Beckett LA, and Evans DA. 

Psychotic symptoms and physically aggressive behavior 

in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 

97;45(9):1074-9. [Rec#: 31899] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gillick MR and Mendes ML. Medical care in old age: what 

do nurses in long-term care consider appropriate? J Am 

Geriatr Soc 96;44(11):1322-5. [Rec#: 2648] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-89 

Gillick MR, Hesse K, and Mazzapica N. Medical technology 

at the end of life. What would physicians and nurses 

want for themselves? Arch Intern Med 

93;153(22):2542-7. Erratum in: Arch Intern Med 1994 

Feb 28;154(4):468. [Rec#: 2647] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gillick, M. R. A broader role for advance medical planning. 

Annals of Internal Medicine 95;123(8):621-624. [Rec#: 

50453] 

In abstract review process 

Gillick, M. R. Advance care planning. New England Journal 

of Medicine 2004;350(1):7-8. [Rec#: 50451] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gillick, M. R. and Fried, T. The limits of proxy decision 

making: undertreatment. Cambridge Quarterly of 

Healthcare Ethics 95;4(2):172-7. [Rec#: 50456] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gillick, M. R. Artificial nutrition and hydration in the patient 

with advanced dementia: is withholding treatment 

compatible with traditional Judaism? Journal of 

Medical Ethics 2001;27(1):12-15. [Rec#: 50452] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gillick, M. R. Limiting medical care: physicians' beliefs, 

physicians' behavior. Journal of the American 

Geriatrics Society 88;36(8):747-752. [Rec#: 50454] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gillick, M. R. Rethinking the role of tube feeding in patients 

with advanced dementia. New England Journal of 

Medicine 2000;342(3):206-210. [Rec#: 50455] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gillick, M. R., Serrell, N. A., and Gillick, L. S. Adverse 

consequences of hospitalization in the elderly. Social 

Science & Medicine 82;16(10):1033-8. [Rec#: 50457] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gillies B. Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry. Int J 

Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;16(1):115-22. [Rec#: 31901] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gilligan T and Raffin TA. Withdrawing life support: 

extubation and prolonged terminal weans are 

inappropriate. Crit Care Med 96;24(2):352-3. Comment 

in: Crit Care Med. 1996 Sep;24(9):1607-8. PMID: 

8797640. Comment in: Crit Care Med. 1996 

Sep;24(9):1607; author reply 1608. PMID: 8797639. 

[Rec#: 11530] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gilliland G and Fleming S. A comparison of spousal 

anticipatory grief and conventional grief. Death Stud 

98;22(6):541-69. [Rec#: 2649] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Gillis TA, Cheville AL, and Worsowicz GM. 

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and cancer 

rehabilitation. 4. Oncologic rehabilitation. Arch Phys 

Med Rehabil 2001;82(3 Suppl 1):S63-8. [Rec#: 2650] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gilson AM and Joranson DE. Controlled substances and pain 

management: changes in knowledge and attitudes of 

state medical regulators. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;21(3):227-37. [Rec#: 2655] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gilson AM and Joranson DE. U.S. policies relevant to the 

prescribing of opioid analgesics for the treatment of 

pain in patients with addictive disease. Clin J Pain 

2002;18(4 Suppl):S91-8. [Rec#: 11533] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Ginn D and Zitner D. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Not for 

all terminally ill patients. Can Fam Physician 

95;41:649-52, 655-7. [Rec#: 11534] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ginsburg M. Medical futility and end-of-life care: an 

inter-organizational approach. HEC Forum 

99;11(2):176-91. [Rec#: 11535] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gioiella ME, Berkman B, and Robinson M. Spirituality and 

quality of life in gynecologic oncology patients. Cancer 

Pract 98;6(6):333-8. [Rec#: 41213] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Giordano M. The respiratory therapist and palliative care. 

Respir Care 2000;45(12):1468-74; discussion 1475-7. 

[Rec#: 11536] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Giordano, M. The respiratory therapist and palliative care. 

Respiratory Care 2000;45(12):1468-74; discussion 

1475-7. [Rec#: 50458] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Girling DM, Barkley C, Paykel ES, Gehlhaar E, Brayne C, 

Gill C, Mathewson D, and Huppert FA. The prevalence 

of depression in a cohort of the very elderly. J Affect 

Disord 95;34(4):319-29. [Rec#: 31914] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Giron MS, Forsell Y, Bernsten C, Thorslund M, Winblad B, 

and Fastbom J. Psychotropic drug use in elderly people 

with and without dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2001;16(9):900-6. [Rec#: 31915] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-90 

Giron MS, Wang HX, Bernsten C, Thorslund M, Winblad B, 

and Fastbom J. The appropriateness of drug use in an 

older nondemented and demented population. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 2001;49(3):277-83. Comment in: J Am 

Geriatr Soc. 2002 Mar;50(3):590; author reply 590-1. 

PMID: 11943065. [Rec#: 31916] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gitlin MC. Pain medicine: a contemporary perspective on 

environmental analysis and strategic planning. Pain 

Med 2003;4(3):213-4. [Rec#: 11538] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gitlin, L. N., Winter, L., Corcoran, M., Dennis, M. P., 

Schinfeld, S., and Hauck, W. W. Effects of the home 

environmental skill-building program on the caregivercare recipient dyad: 6-month outcomes from the 

Philadelphia REACH Initiative. Gerontologist 

2003;43(4):532-46. [Rec#: 50918] 

In abstract review process 

Given JE and Range LM. Life satisfaction and death anxiety 

in elderly nursing home and public housing residents. J 

Appl Gerontol 90;9(2):224-9. [Rec#: 2661] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Given, B. and Simmons, S. The interdisciplinary health-care 

team: fact or fiction? Nursing Forum 77;16(2):165-84. 

[Rec#: 50459] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Given, C. W., Given, B., Azzouz, F., Kozachik, S., and 

Stommel, M. Predictors of pain and fatigue in the year 

following diagnosis among elderly cancer patients. 

Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

2001;21(6):456-66. [Rec#: 50460] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gjerdingen DK, Neff JA, Wang M, and Chaloner K. Older 

persons' opinions about life-sustaining procedures in the 

face of dementia. Arch Fam Med 99;8(5):421-5. 

[Rec#: 2662] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Glajchen M and Bookbinder M. Knowledge and perceived 

competence of home care nurses in pain management: a 

national survey. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;21(4):307-16. [Rec#: 11542] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Glare P and Virik K. Independent prospective validation of 

the PaP score in terminally ill patients referred to a 

hospital-based palliative medicine consultation service. 

J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22(5):891-8. 

[Rec#: 2665] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Glare P, Virik K, Jones M, Hudson M, Eychmuller S, Simes 

J, and Christakis N. A systematic review of physicians' 

survival predictions in terminally ill cancer patients. 

BMJ 2003;327(7408):195. Comment in: BMJ. 2003 

Nov 1;327(7422):1048-9. PMID: 14593055. 

[Rec#: 11544] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Glare PA and Virik K. Can we do better in end-of-life care? 

The mixed management model and palliative care. Med 

J Aust 2001;175(10):530-3. Comment in: Med J Aust. 

2001 Nov 19;175(10):534-6. PMID: 11795543. 

[Rec#: 2669] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Glare PA, Auret KA, Aggarwal G, Clark KJ, Pickstock SE, 

and Lickiss JN. The interface between palliative 

medicine and specialists in acute-care hospitals: 

boundaries, bridges and challenges. Med J Aust 

2003;179(6 Suppl):S29-31. [Rec#: 11545] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Glare PA. Palliative care in acquired immunodeficiency 

syndrome (AIDS): problems and practicalities. Ann 

Acad Med Singapore 94;23(2):235-43. [Rec#: 2667] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Glass BC. The role of the nurse in advanced practice in 

bereavement care. Clin Nurse Spec 93;7(2):62-6. 

[Rec#: 11547] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Glass E. Different approaches to transfusion practices used in 

hospice care. Oncol Nurs Forum 96;23(1):117-8. 

[Rec#: 2670] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Glass N, Taylor B, Stirling K, and McFarlane J. Making a 

difference with dying people: positive nurse-patient 

interactions. Contemp Nurse 99;8(4):159-65. 

[Rec#: 11549] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gleeson C and Spencer D. Blood transfusion and its benefits 

in palliative care. Palliat Med 95;9(4):307-13. 

Comment in: Palliat Med. 1996 Apr;10(2):166. PMID: 

8800826. [Rec#: 2674] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Glick KL, Mackay KM, Balasingam S, Dolan KR, and 

Casper-Isaac S. Advance directives: barriers to 

completion. J N Y State Nurses Assoc 98;29(1):4-8. 

[Rec#: 11552] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-91 

Glickman L, Hubbard M, Liveright T, and Valciukas JA. 

Fall-off in reporting life events: effects of life change, 

desirability, and anticipation. Behav Med 

90;16(1):31-8. [Rec#: 31931] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Glimelius B, Birgegard G, Hoffman K, Hagnebo C, Hogman 

G, Kvale G, Nordin K, Nou E, Persson C, and Sjoden P. 

Improved care of patients with small cell lung cancer. 

Nutritional and quality of life aspects. Acta Oncol 

92;31(8):823-31. [Rec#: 31932] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjoden PO, Jacobsson G, Sellstrom 

H, Enander LK, Linne T, and Svensson C. 

Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in 

advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol 

96;7(6):593-600. [Rec#: 2681] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Glimelius B. Palliative treatment of patients with colorectal 

cancer. Scand J Surg 2003;92(1):74-83. [Rec#: 11554] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Glimelius B. Pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers: adjuvant 

therapy and management of inoperable disease. Ann 

Oncol 2000;11 Suppl 3:153-9. [Rec#: 11555] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gloth FM 3rd and Schwartz J. Developing a physicians' 

palliative care pain hotline in Maryland. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2000;17(1):24-8. [Rec#: 11557] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gloth FM 3rd, Scheve AA, Shah S, Ashton R, and 

McKinney R. The Frail Elderly Functional Assessment 

questionnaire: its responsiveness and validity in 

alternative settings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 

99;80(12):1572-6. [Rec#: 41230] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gloth FM 3rd. Hospice: the most important thing you didn't 

learn in medical school. Md Med J 94;43(6):511-3. 

[Rec#: 11556] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gluhoski VL, Fishman B, and Perry SW. The impact of 

multiple bereavement in a gay male sample. AIDS 

Educ Prev 97;9(6):521-31. [Rec#: 11559] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Go AS, Rao RK, Dauterman KW, and Massie BM. A 

systematic review of the effects of physician specialty 

on the treatment of coronary disease and heart failure in 

the United States. Am J Med 2000;108(3):216-26. 

Comment in: Am J Med. 2000 Feb 15;108(3):259-61. 

PMID: 10723984. [Rec#: 31936] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Goddard M, Maher EJ, Hutton J, and Shah D. Palliative 

radiotherapy--counting the costs of changing practice. 

Health Policy 91;17(3):243-56. [Rec#: 11561] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Godden DR, Ribeiro NF, Hassanein K, and Langton SG. 

Recurrent neck disease in oral cancer. J Oral 

Maxillofac Surg 2002;60(7):748-53; discussion753-5. 

[Rec#: 2688] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Goebeler S, Jylha M, and Hervonen A. Medical history, 

cognitive status and mobility at the age of 90. A 

population-based study in Tampere, Finland. Aging 

Clin Exp Res 2003;15(2):154-61. [Rec#: 31938] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Goetschius SK. Families and end-of-life care. How do we 

meet their needs? J Gerontol Nurs 97;23(3):43-9. 

[Rec#: 11564] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Goetzke E. When your patient is in denial. Am J Nurs 

95;95(9):18-21. [Rec#: 2694] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Goggin K, Sewell M, Ferrando S, Evans S, Fishman B, and 

Rabkin J. Plans to hasten death among gay men with 

HIV/AIDS: relationship to psychological adjustment. 

AIDS Care 2000;12(2):125-36. [Rec#: 41236] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Goh LG. The do-not-resuscitate order. Singapore Med J 

95;36(3):258-9. Comment on: Singapore Med J. 1995 

Jun;36(3):267-70. PMID: 8553088. [Rec#: 11568] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gold MF. Comfort, compassion, dignity mark end-of-life 

care. Provider 2003;29(12):20-2, 25-9, 33. 

[Rec#: 11571] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Goldberg G and Boustead R. Compassion. JEMS 

98;23(2):34-5, 37-40. [Rec#: 11574] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Goldberg RJ. Management of behavioral complications of 

dementia. Med Health R I 2002;85(9):281-5. 

[Rec#: 31949] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Goldberg SS. Care that soothes patients and families. 

Provider 2002;28(5):51-3. [Rec#: 11576] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Goldberg, R., Guadagnoli, E., Silliman, R. A., and 

Glicksman, A. Cancer patients' concerns: congruence 

between patients and primary care physicians. Journal 

of Cancer Education 90;5(3):193-9. [Rec#: 50462] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-92 

Goldblatt AD. Don't ask, don't tell: practicing minimally 

invasive resuscitation techniques on the newly dead. 

Ann Emerg Med 95;25(1):86-90. Comment on: Ann 

Emerg Med. 1995 Jan;25(1):91-4. PMID: 7802378. 

Comment in: Ann Emerg Med. 1995 Aug;26(2):242. 

PMID: 7677900. Comment in: Ann Emerg Med. 1995 

Jan;25(1):99-100. PMID: 7802381. Comment in: Ann 

Emerg Med. 1995 Jul;26(1):106-7. PMID: 779. 

[Rec#: 11577] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Goldblum PB and Erickson S. Understanding AIDS 

bereavement. Focus 2000;15(3):1-6. [Rec#: 11578] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Goldstein C, Anapolsky E, Park J, Immordino M, and Ukoha 

N. Research guiding practice related to cultural issues at 

end of life care. Geriatr Nurs 2004;25(1):58-9. 

[Rec#: 2711] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Goldstein J, Alter CL, and Axelrod R. A psychoeducational 

bereavement-support group for families provided in an 

outpatient cancer center. J Cancer Educ 96;11(4):233-7. 

[Rec#: 2712] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Goldstone AR, Callaghan CJ, Mackay J, Charman S, and 

Nashef SA. Should surgeons take a break after an 

intraoperative death? Attitude survey and outcome 

evaluation. BMJ 2004;328(7436):379. Comment in: 

BMJ. 2004 Feb 14;328(7436):361-2. PMID: 14962853. 

[Rec#: 11581] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Goldstone I. Palliative care for HIV disease: the desirable vs 

the possible. J Palliat Care 95;11(2):54-7. 

[Rec#: 11582] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Goldstone IL. Trends in hospital utilization in AIDS care 

1987-1991: implications for palliative care. J Palliat 

Care 92;8(4):22-9. [Rec#: 2715] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Goldstone, I. Palliative care for HIV disease: the desirable vs 

the possible. Journal of Palliative Care 95;11(2):54-7. 

[Rec#: 50463] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gollins SW, Burt PA, Barber PV, and Stout R. Long-term 

survival and symptom palliation in small primary 

bronchial carcinomas following treatment with 

intraluminal radiotherapy alone. Clin Oncol (R Coll 

Radiol) 96;8(4):239-46. [Rec#: 2718] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Gomez Y. The use of syringe drivers in palliative care. Aust 

Nurs J 2000;8(2):suppl 1-3. [Rec#: 11586] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gomez-Batiste X, Fontanals MD, Roca J, Borras JM, Viladiu 

P, Stjernsward J, and Rius E. Catalonia WHO 

Demonstration Project on Palliative Care 

Implementation 1990-1995: results in 1995. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 96;12(2):73-8. [Rec#: 11584] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gomez-Batiste X, Madrid F, Moreno F, Gracia A, Trelis J, 

Nabal M, Alcalde R, Planas J, and Camell H. 

Breakthrough cancer pain: prevalence and 

characteristics in patients in Catalonia, Spain. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;24(1):45-52. [Rec#: 2719] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Goncalves JA. A Portuguese palliative care unit. Support 

Care Cancer 2001;9(1):4-7. [Rec#: 11587] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gonzalez J. Discontinued percutaneous nephrostomy tubes: 

how to keep patients dry. Urol Nurs 94;14(4):169. 

[Rec#: 11589] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Good P and Stafford B. Inpatient palliative medicine is 

evidence based. Palliat Med 2001;15(6):493-8. 

[Rec#: 11591] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Good PD, Cavenagh J, and Ravenscroft PJ. Survival after 

enrollment in an Australian palliative care program. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 2004;27(4):310-5. [Rec#: 2721] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Good PD. Advances in palliative care relevant to the wider 

delivery of healthcare. Med J Aust 2003;179(6 

Suppl):S44-6. [Rec#: 11592] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Goodlin SJ, Fisher E, Patterson JA, and Wasson JH. 

End-of-life care for persons age 80 years or older. J 

Ambul Care Manage 98;21(3):34-9. [Rec#: 2727] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Goodlin SJ, Jette AM, Lynn J, and Wasson JH. Community 

physicians describe management issues for patients 

expected to live less than twelve months. J Palliat Care 

98;14(1):30-5. [Rec#: 2728] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Goodlin SJ. Hospice organizations' role in health care 

improvement. Hosp J 97;12(2):71-80. [Rec#: 11594] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Goodman C, Knight D, Machen I, and Hunt B. Emphasizing 

terminal care as district nursing work: a helpful strategy 

in a purchasing environment? J Adv Nurs 

98;28(3):491-8. [Rec#: 11595] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-93 

Goodman C, Woolley R, and Knight D. District nurse 

involvement in providing palliative care to older people 

in residential care homes. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2003;9(12):521-7. [Rec#: 2731] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Goodman KW. End-of-life algorithms. Psychol Public 

Policy Law 98;4(3):719-27. [Rec#: 11596] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Goodman, M. L. and Wilkinson, S. Laxatives for the 

management of constipation in palliative care patients. 

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003;3. 

[Rec#: 50464] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Goodridge D and Marr H. Factors associated with falls in an 

inpatient palliative care unit: an exploratory study. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2002;8(11):548-56. [Rec#: 2734] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Goodwin DM, Higginson IJ, Edwards AG, Finlay IG, Cook 

AM, Hood K, Douglas HR, and Normand CE. An 

evaluation of systematic reviews of palliative care 

services. J Palliat Care 2002;18(2):77-83. 

[Rec#: 11598] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Goodwin Z, Kiehl EM, and Peterson JZ. King's theory as 

foundation for an advance directive decision-making 

model. Nurs Sci Q 2002;15(3):237-41. [Rec#: 11601] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Goold SD, Arnold RM, and Siminoff LA. Discussions about 

limiting treatment in a geriatric clinic. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 93;41(3):277-81. [Rec#: 2737] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gopalkrishnan S. Management of physical symptoms in 

terminal illness. Nurs J India 2002;93(11):249-51. 

[Rec#: 11604] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gordin V, Weaver MA, and Hahn MB. Acute and chronic 

pain management in palliative care. Best Pract Res Clin 

Obstet Gynaecol 2001;15(2):203-34. [Rec#: 11605] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gordon A. Hospice marketing and outreach to the orthodox 

Jewish community revisited. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(1):57-8; discussion 58. [Rec#: 11606] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gordon AK. Deterrents to access and service for blacks and 

Hispanics: the Medicare Hospice Benefit, healthcare 

utilization, and cultural barriers. Hosp J 95;10(2):65-83. 

[Rec#: 11609] 

In abstract review process 

Gordon AK. Hospice and minorities: a national study of 

organizational access and practice. Hosp J 

96;11(1):49-70. Erratum in: Hosp J 1996;11(4):97. 

[Rec#: 11610] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gordon DB. Critical pathways: a road to institutionalizing 

pain management. J Pain Symptom Manage 

96;11(4):252-9. [Rec#: 11614] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gordon EJ and Daugherty CK. 'Hitting you over the head': 

oncologists' disclosure of prognosis to advanced cancer 

patients. Bioethics 2003;17(2):142-68. [Rec#: 11616] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Gorell JM, Johnson CC, and Rybicki BA. Parkinson's disease 

and its comorbid disorders: an analysis of Michigan 

mortality data, 1970 to 1990. Neurology 

94;44(10):1865-8. [Rec#: 2747] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Gorkin L, Norvell NK, Rosen RC, Charles E, Shumaker SA, 

McIntyre KM, Capone RJ, Kostis J, Niaura R, Woods P, 

and et al. Assessment of quality of life as observed from 

the baseline data of the Studies of Left Ventricular 

Dysfunction (SOLVD) trial quality-of-life substudy. 

Am J Cardiol 93;71(12):1069-73. [Rec#: 31986] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gornick M, McMillan A, and Lubitz J. A longitudinal 

perspective on patterns of Medicare payments. Health 

Aff (Millwood) 93;12(2):140-50. [Rec#: 2748] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gorski LA and Johnson K. A disease management program 

for heart failure: collaboration between a home care 

agency and a care management organization. Home 

Healthc Nurse 2003;21(11):734-44. [Rec#: 31990] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gotlieb WH, Feldman B, Feldman-Moran O, Zmira N, 

Kreizer D, Segal Y, Elran E, and Ben-Baruch G. 

Intraperitoneal pressures and clinical parameters of total 

paracentesis for palliation of symptomatic ascites in 

ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 98;71(3):381-5. 

[Rec#: 11628] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Gott MC, Ahmedzai SH, and Wood C. How many inpatients 

at an acute hospital have palliative care needs? 

Comparing the perspectives of medical and nursing 

staff. Palliat Med 2001;15(6):451-60. [Rec#: 2752] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-94 

Gottschalk LA, Fronczek J, and Buchsbaum MS. The 

cerebral neurobiology of hope and hopelessness. 

Psychiatry 93;56(3):270-81. [Rec#: 11630] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Goudas L, Carr D B, Bloch R, Balk E, Ioannidis J P A, 

Terrin N, Gialeli-Goudas M, Chew P, and Lau J. 

Management of cancer pain. Evid Rep Technol Assess 

(Summ) 2001;(35):1-5. [Rec#: 13371] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Goudas L, Carr D B, Bloch R, Balk E, Ioannidis J P A, 

Terrin N, Gialeli-Goudas M, Chew P, Lau J. 

Management of Cancer Pain (Vol 2). 2001;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50845] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Goudas L, Carr D V, Bloch R, Balk E, Ioannidis J P A, 

Terrin N, Gialeli-Goudas M, Chew P, Lau J. 

Management of Cancer Pain (Vol 1). 2001;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50847] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Gough IR and Dalgleish LI. What value is given to quality of 

life assessment by health professionals considering 

response to palliative chemotherapy for advanced 

cancer? Cancer 91;68(1):220-5. [Rec#: 2756] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gower NH, Rudd RM, Ruiz de Elvira MC, Spiro SG, James 

LE, Harper PG, and Souhami RL. Assessment of 

'quality of life' using a daily diary card in a randomised 

trial of chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer. Ann 

Oncol 95;6(6):575-80. [Rec#: 32001] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Goy E and Ganzini L. End-of-life care in geriatric 

psychiatry. Clin Geriatr Med 2003;19(4):841-56, 

vii-viii. [Rec#: 2759] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Grabbe L, Demi A, Camann MA, and Potter L. The health 

status of elderly persons in the last year of life: a 

comparison of deaths by suicide, injury, and natural 

causes. Am J Public Health 97;87(3):434-7. 

[Rec#: 41278] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Grabbe L, Demi AS, Whittington F, Jones JM, Branch LG, 

and Lambert R. Functional status and the use of formal 

home care in the year before death. J Aging Health 

95;7(3):339-64. [Rec#: 41279] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Grabowski CM, Unger JA, and Potish RA. Factors predictive 

of completion of treatment and survival after palliative 

radiation therapy. Radiology 92;184(2):329-32. 

[Rec#: 2761] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Grady KL, Meyer P, Mattea A, Dressler D, Ormaza S, 

White-Williams C, Chillcott S, Kaan A, Todd B, Loo A, 

Klemme AL, Piccione W, and Costanzo MR. Predictors 

of quality of life at 1 month after implantation of a left 

ventricular assist device. Am J Crit Care 

2002;11(4):345-52. [Rec#: 32004] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Grady KL. Quality of life in patients with chronic heart 

failure. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 93;5(4):661-70. 

[Rec#: 32003] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Grafstrom M and Winblad B. Family burden in the care of 

the demented and nondemented elderly--a longitudinal 

study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 95;9(2):78-86. 

[Rec#: 32007] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Graftstrom M, Norberg A, and Hagberg B. Relationships 

between demented elderly people and their families: a 

follow-up study of caregivers who had previously 

reported abuse when caring for their spouses and 

parents. J Adv Nurs 93;18(11):1747-57. [Rec#: 2769] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Graham C, Ballard C, and Sham P. Carers' knowledge of 

dementia, their coping strategies and morbidity. Int J 

Geriatr Psychiatry 97;12(9):931-6. [Rec#: 32008] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Graham JE, Rockwood K, Beattie BL, Eastwood R, Gauthier 

S, Tuokko H, and McDowell I. Prevalence and severity 

of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in 

an elderly population. Lancet 97;349(9068):1793-6. 

[Rec#: 32009] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Graham MV, Byhardt RW, Sause WT, Curran WJ Jr, Fuller 

D, Ko B, Komaki R, Weisenburger TH, Kaiser LR, and 

Leibel SA. Non-aggressive, non-surgical treatment of 

inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 

American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness 

Criteria. Radiology 2000;215 Suppl:1347-62. 

[Rec#: 11644] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Graham P and Boyages J. Economic and quality-of-life 

aspects of treating small cell lung cancer. 

Pharmacoeconomics 93;3(6):446-53. [Rec#: 32012] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gramelspacher GP, Zhou XH, Hanna MP, and Tierney WM. 

Preferences of physicians and their patients for 

end-of-life care. J Gen Intern Med 97;12(6):346-51. 

[Rec#: 2772] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-95 

Gramsky C, Josephson S, Langford M, Offutt C, and 

Wingate S. Outpatient management of chronic heart 

failure. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 

2003;15(4):501-9. [Rec#: 32014] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Grande GE, Addington-Hall JM, and Todd CJ. Place of death 

and access to home care services: are certain patient 

groups at a disadvantage? Soc Sci Med 

98;47(5):565-79. [Rec#: 2775] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Grande GE, Barclay SI, and Todd CJ. Difficulty of symptom 

control and general practitioners' knowledge of patients' 

symptoms. Palliat Med 97;11(5):399-406. 

[Rec#: 11647] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Grande GE, McKerral A, Addington-Hall JM, and Todd CJ. 

Place of death and use of health services in the last year 

of life. J Palliat Care 2003;19(4):263-70. [Rec#: 2776] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Granger CE, George C, and Shelly MP. The management of 

bereavement on intensive care units. Intensive Care 

Med 95;21(5):429-36. [Rec#: 11653] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Granja C, Teixeira-Pinto A, and Costa-Pereira A. Attitudes 

towards do-not-resuscitate decisions: differences among 

health professionals in a Portuguese hospital. Intensive 

Care Med 2001;27(3):555-8. [Rec#: 11654] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Grant D. Spiritual interventions: how, when, and why nurses 

use them. Holist Nurs Pract 2004;18(1):36-41. 

[Rec#: 11657] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Grant JB, Hayes RP, Baker DW, Cangialose CB, Kieszak 

SM, and Ballard DJ. Informatics, imaging, and 

healthcare quality management: imaging quality 

improvement opportunities and lessons learned form 

HCFA's Health Care Quality Improvement Program. 

Clin Perform Qual Health Care 97;5(3):133-9. 

[Rec#: 32015] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Grant LA, Potthoff SJ, Ryden M, and Kane RA. Staff ratios, 

training, and assignment in Alzheimer's special care 

units. J Gerontol Nurs 98;24(1):9-16; quiz 59. 

[Rec#: 32016] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Grasel E. Temporary institutional respite in dementia cases: 

who utilizes this form of respite care and what effect 

does it have? Int Psychogeriatr 97;9(4):437-48. 

[Rec#: 32020] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Grauer PA. Appetite stimulants in terminal care: treatment of 

anorexia. Hosp J 93;9(2-3):73-83. [Rec#: 11662] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Gravitz MA. Perceptual reconstruction in the treatment of 

inordinate grief. Am J Clin Hypn 2001;44(1):51-5. 

[Rec#: 2783] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gray JD and Forster DP. Factors associated with utilization 

of specialist palliative care services: a population based 

study. J Public Health Med 97;19(4):464-9. 

[Rec#: 2786] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Gray RA. The use of massage therapy in palliative care. 

Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 2000;6(2):77-82. 

[Rec#: 11667] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gray SW, Zide MR, and Wilker H. Using the solution 

focused brief therapy model with bereavement groups in 

rural communities: resiliency at its best. Hosp J 

2000;15(3):13-30. [Rec#: 11668] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Grbich C, Parker D, and Maddocks I. The emotions and 

coping strategies of caregivers of family members with 

a terminal cancer. J Palliat Care 2001;17(1):30-6. 

[Rec#: 2788] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Grealish L. Mini-Mental State Questionnaire: problems with 

its use in palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2000;6(6):298-302. [Rec#: 2789] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Green J, Passman LJ, and Wintfeld N. Analyzing hospital 

mortality. The consequences of diversity in patient mix. 

JAMA 91;265(14):1849-53. [Rec#: 2794] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Green JS. An investigation into the use of palliative care 

services by patients with prostate cancer. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2002;19(4):259-62. [Rec#: 2795] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Green SB. Does assessment of quality of life in comparative 

cancer trials make a difference? A discussion. Control 

Clin Trials 97;18(4):306-10. Comment on: Control Clin 

Trials. 1997 Aug;18(4):277-85. PMID: 9257066. 

Comment on: Control Clin Trials. 1997 

Aug;18(4):286-300. PMID: 9257067. [Rec#: 32034] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-96 

Greenberg B, McCorkle R, Vlahov D, and Selwyn PA. 

Palliative care for HIV disease in the era of highly 

active antiretroviral therapy. J Urban Health 

2000;77(2):150-65. [Rec#: 11680] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Greene JA, Ingram TA, and Johnson W. Group 

psychotherapy for patients with dementia. South Med J 

93;86(9):1033-5. [Rec#: 32040] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Greene JA, Taylor SE, and Johnson W. Dementia: physician 

approaches to the caregiver's problems. South Med J 

93;86(9):1036-9. [Rec#: 32041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Greenstein M and Breitbart W. Cancer and the experience of 

meaning: a group psychotherapy program for people 

with cancer. Am J Psychother 2000;54(4):486-500. 

[Rec#: 11695] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Greenstreet, W. The concept of total pain: a focused patient 

care study. British Journal of Nursing 

2001;10(19):1248-55. [Rec#: 50466] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Greenwald BD and Narcessian EJ. Opioids for managing 

patients with chronic pain: community pharmacists' 

perspectives and concerns. J Pain Symptom Manage 

99;17(5):369-75. [Rec#: 2803] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Greer S and Moorey S. Adjuvant psychological therapy for 

cancer patients. Palliat Med 97;11(3):240-4. 

[Rec#: 2804] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Gregory D and English JC. The myth of control: suffering in 

palliative care. J Palliat Care 94;10(2):18-22. 

[Rec#: 11697] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gregory D. Music listening for maintaining attention of older 

adults with cognitive impairments. J Music Ther 

2002;39(4):244-64. [Rec#: 32046] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Greiner KA, Perera S, and Ahluwalia JS. Hospice usage by 

minorities in the last year of life: results from the 

National Mortality Followback Survey. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 2003;51(7):970-8. [Rec#: 2810] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Greiner L, Buhr B, Phelps D, Ward S, and Wisconsin 

Coalition To Improve Palliative Care. A palliative care 

needs assessment of health care institutions in 

Wisconsin. J Palliat Med 2003;6(4):543-56. 

[Rec#: 11704] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Greipp ME. Decisions to utilize hospice--pilot study results. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(6):27-30. [Rec#: 2811] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Greipp ME. The hospice choice: ethical decision making. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(5):28-34. [Rec#: 11705] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Grenvik, A. "Terminal weaning": discontinuance of 

life-support therapy in the terminally ill patient. Critical 

Care Medicine 83;11:394-5. [Rec#: 50467] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Grey R. The psychospiritual care matrix: a new paradigm for 

hospice care giving. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

96;13(4):19-25. [Rec#: 11713] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Greyson B. Posttraumatic stress symptoms following 

near-death experiences. Am J Orthopsychiatry 

2001;71(3):368-73. [Rec#: 2816] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Greyson B. The near-death experience as a focus of clinical 

attention. J Nerv Ment Dis 97;185(5):327-34. 

[Rec#: 2815] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gridelli C and Hainsworth J. Meeting the chemotherapy 

needs of elderly and poor performance status patients 

with NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2002;38 Suppl 4:37-41. 

[Rec#: 2821] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Gridelli C, De Vivo R, and Monfardini S. Management of 

small-cell lung cancer in the elderly. Crit Rev Oncol 

Hematol 2002;41(1):79-88. [Rec#: 2820] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gridelli C, Perrone F, Nelli F, Ramponi S, and De Marinis F. 

Quality of life in lung cancer patients. Ann Oncol 

2001;12 Suppl 3:S21-5. [Rec#: 32059] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gridelli C. Does chemotherapy have a role as palliative 

therapy for unfit or elderly patients with non-small-cell 

lung cancer? Lung Cancer 2002;38 Suppl 2:S45-50. 

[Rec#: 2819] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Griffie J, Nelson-Marten P, and Muchka S. Acknowledging 

the 'elephant': communication in palliative care. Am J 

Nurs 2004;104(1):48-57; quiz 58. [Rec#: 2823] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-97 

Griffin JP, Nelson JE, Koch KA, Niell HB, Ackerman TF, 

Thompson M, Cole FH Jr, and American College of 

Chest Physicians. End-of-life care in patients with lung 

cancer. Chest 2003;123(1 Suppl):312S-331S. 

[Rec#: 11717] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Griffith CH 3rd, Wilson JF, and Rich EC. A randomized trial 

of providing house staff with patient social history 

information. Effect on patient outcomes. Eval Health 

Prof 98;21(3):362-76. [Rec#: 32065] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Griffith CH 3rd, Wilson JF, and Rich EC. Intern call 

structure and patient satisfaction. J Gen Intern Med 

97;12(5):308-10. Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 1997 

Sep;12(9):586. PMID: 9294793. [Rec#: 32064] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Griffith CH 3rd, Wilson JF, and Rich EC. The effect at one 

teaching hospital of interns' workloads on the 

satisfaction of their patients. Acad Med 98;73(4):427-9. 

[Rec#: 32063] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Grilli, R., Minozzi, S., Tinazzi, A., Labianca, R., Sheldon, T. 

A., and Liberati, A. Do specialists do it better? The 

impact of specialization on the processes and outcomes 

of care for cancer patients. Ann Oncol 98;9(4):365-74. 

[Rec#: 50135] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Grimby A. Bereavement among elderly people: grief 

reactions, post-bereavement hallucinations and quality 

of life. Acta Psychiatr Scand 93;87(1):72-80. 

[Rec#: 2827] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Grindley A and Acres J. Alternating pressure mattresses: 

comfort and quality of sleep. Br J Nurs 

96;5(21):1303-10. [Rec#: 2829] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Grocott P. The palliative management of fungating malignant 

wounds. J Wound Care 2000;9(1):4-9. [Rec#: 11721] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Grodin MA. Religious advance directives: the convergence 

of law, religion, medicine, and public health. Am J 

Public Health 93;83(6):899-903. [Rec#: 11723] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Groen HJ, Smit EF, Haaxma-Reiche H, and Postmus PE. 

Carboplatin as second line treatment for recurrent or 

progressive brain metastases from small cell lung 

cancer. Eur J Cancer 93;29A(12):1696-9. [Rec#: 2832] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Groenewoud JH, van der Heide A, Kester JG, de Graaff CL, 

van der Wal G, and van der Maas PJ. A nationwide 

study of decisions to forego life-prolonging treatment in 

Dutch medical practice. Arch Intern Med 

2000;160(3):357-63. [Rec#: 2833] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Groenvold M. Methodological issues in the assessment of 

health-related quality of life in palliative care trials. 

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 99;43(9):948-53. 

[Rec#: 11725] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gronda E, Mangiavacchi M, Andreuzzi B, Municino A, 

Bologna A, Schweiger C, and Barbieri P. A 

population-based study on overt heart failure in 

Lombardy (survey of hospitalization in 1996 and 1997). 

Ital Heart J 2002;3(2):96-103. [Rec#: 50034] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Grossi F, Pennucci MC, Tixi L, Cafferata MA, and 

Ardizzoni A. Management of malignant pleural 

effusions. Drugs 98;55(1):47-58. [Rec#: 11732] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Grossman, S. A., Benedetti, C., Payne, R., and Syrjala, K. 

National Comprehensive Cancer Network practice 

guidelines for cancer pain. Oncology 99;13:33-44. 

[Rec#: 50468] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gruber T, Sharma A, Daneschvar H, and Estfan B. The 

Hawthorne effect in the assessment of pain by house 

staff. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(3):231-4. 

[Rec#: 11741] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Grunberg SM, Srivastava A, Grunberg KJ, and Weeks J. 

Intensity of chemotherapy-induced emesis and overall 

survival as determinants of a global utility score. 

Support Care Cancer 2002;10(8):624-9. [Rec#: 2849] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Grunfeld EA, Ramirez AJ, Maher EJ, Peach D, Young T, 

Albery IP, and Richards MA. Chemotherapy for 

advanced breast cancer: what influences oncologists' 

decision-making? Br J Cancer 2001;84(9):1172-8. 

[Rec#: 2853] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Grzybowska P and Finlay I. The incidence of suicide in 

palliative care patients. Palliat Med 97;11(4):313-6. 

Comment in: Palliat Med. 1998 May;12(3):209. PMID: 

9743844. [Rec#: 11743] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-98 

Guck TP, Elsasser GN, Kavan MG, and Barone EJ. 

Depression and congestive heart failure. Congest Heart 

Fail 2003;9(3):163-9. [Rec#: 32088] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Guest JF, Hart WM, and Cookson RF. Cost analysis of 

palliative care for terminally ill cancer patients in the 

UK after switching from weak to strong opioids. 

Palliative Care Advisory Committee. 

Pharmacoeconomics 98;14(3):285-97. [Rec#: 11747] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Guggisberg E, Rapin CH, and Budtz-Jorgensen E. Care of 

the mouth in the elderly--experience at the Centre de 

soins continus. J Palliat Care 90;6(4):21-3. 

[Rec#: 11750] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Guideline cuts Alzheimer's care down to size. Patient Focus 

Care Satisf 99;7(9):103-5. [Rec#: 32090] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gulla JP. Family assessment and its relation to hospice care. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 92;9(4):30-4. [Rec#: 11755] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gulliford MC, Petruckevitch A, and Burney PG. Hospital 

case notes and medical audit: evaluation of 

non-response. BMJ 91;302(6785):1128-9. Comment in: 

BMJ. 1991 Jun 29;302(6792):1605-6. PMID: 1855062. 

[Rec#: 2863] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gum A and Snyder CR. Coping with terminal illness: the 

role of hopeful thinking. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(6):883-94. [Rec#: 11758] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Gundel H, O'Connor MF, Littrell L, Fort C, and Lane RD. 

Functional neuroanatomy of grief: an FMRI study. Am 

J Psychiatry 2003;160(11):1946-53. [Rec#: 2865] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Gunderman RB. Medicine and the question of suffering. 

Second Opin 90;(14):14-25. [Rec#: 2866] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gunter-Hunt G, Mahoney JE, and Sieger CE. A comparison 

of state advance directive documents. Gerontologist 

2002;42(1):51-60. [Rec#: 11764] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gupta NK, Boylan CE, Razzaq R, England RE, Mirra L, and 

Martin DF. Self-expanding oesophageal metal stents for 

the palliation of dysphagia due to extrinsic compression. 

Eur Radiol 99;9(9):1893-7. [Rec#: 2873] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Gurland B. The impact of depression on quality of life of the 

elderly. Clin Geriatr Med 92;8(2):377-86. [Rec#: 2874] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Gurley RJ, Lum N, Sande M, Lo B, and Katz MH. Persons 

found in their homes helpless or dead. N Engl J Med 

96;334(26):1710-6. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1996 

Jun 27;334(26):1738-9. PMID: 8637522. Comment in: 

N Engl J Med. 1996 Nov 21;335(21):1612; author reply 

1612-3. PMID: 8927117. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 

1996 Nov 21;335(21):1612; author reply 1612-3. 

PMID: 8927116. [Rec#: 2875] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Guthery D and Schumann L. Congestive heart failure. J Am 

Acad Nurse Pract 98;10(1):31-8; quiz 39-41. 

[Rec#: 32106] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Guthrie CM, Haddock G, De Beaux AC, Garden OJ, and 

Carter DC. Changing trends in the management of 

extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg 

93;80(11):1434-9. [Rec#: 2880] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Guthrie SJ, Hill KM, and Muers ME. Living with severe 

COPD. A qualitative exploration of the experience of 

patients in Leeds. Respir Med 2001;95(3):196-204. 

[Rec#: 2881] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Gutierrez R. The heart function clinic. Can Nurse 

94;90(5):33-6. [Rec#: 32108] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Gutt CN, Held S, Paolucci V, and Encke A. Experiences with 

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. World J Surg 

96;20(8):1006-8; discussion 1108-9. [Rec#: 2886] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Gutterman EM, Markowitz JS, Lewis B, and Fillit H. Cost of 

Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in managedmedicare. J Am Geriatr Soc 99;47(9):1065-71. [Rec#: 

32109] 

In abstract review process 

Guyatt GH. Measurement of health-related quality of life in 

heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 93;22(4 Suppl 

A):185A-191A. [Rec#: 32111] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Guyatt, G. H. and Cook, D. J. Health status, quality of life, 

and the individual. JAMA 94;272(8):630-1. 

[Rec#: 50868] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Gwilliam B and Bailey C. The nature of terminal malignant 

bowel obstruction and its impact on patients with 

advanced cancer. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(10):474-81. 

[Rec#: 2888] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-99 

Gyllenhammar E, Thoren-Todoulos E, Strang P, Strom G, 

Eriksson E, and Kinch M. Predictive factors for home 

deaths among cancer patients in Swedish palliative 

home care. Support Care Cancer 2003;11(9):560-7. 

[Rec#: 11774] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Haarmann W, Smektala R, Metzger S, Wysocki P, and 

Kozuschek W. The change of therapy in esophagus 

carcinoma between 1975-1996. Wiad Lek 97;50 Suppl 

1 Pt 1:352-4. [Rec#: 2891] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Haas F. Bereavement care: seeing the body. Nurs Stand 

2003;17(28):33-7. [Rec#: 2892] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Haas WM. Psychotherapy: some guiding principles. Am J 

Psychother 97;51(4):593-606. [Rec#: 2893] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Haber D. Minority access to hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 99;16(1):386-9. [Rec#: 11777] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Haber, D. Minority access to hospice. American Journal of 

Hospice & Palliative Care 99;16(1):386-9. 

[Rec#: 50470] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Haberman MR, Germino BB, Maliski S, Stafford-Fox V, and 

Rice K. What makes oncology nursing special? Walking 

the road together. Oncol Nurs Forum 94;21(8 

Suppl):41-7. [Rec#: 2894] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hacker C, Watson JR, and Grimes RM. Following the 

patient's wishes: living wills and powers of attorney. 

AIDS Patient Care 95;9(6):293-6. [Rec#: 11778] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Haddad FD. At the end of the continuum--"going home". 

Health care needs to focus on providing hospice 

services to the communities they serve. AHP J 

2001;26-9. [Rec#: 2900] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hadfield N. The role of aromatherapy massage in reducing 

anxiety in patients with malignant brain tumours. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2001;7(6):279-85. [Rec#: 2901] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Hadjistavropoulos HD, Frombach IK, and Asmundson GJ. 

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic 

investigations of the Illness Attitudes Scale in a 

nonclinical sample. Behav Res Ther 99;37(7):671-84. 

[Rec#: 2903] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hadorn D, Baker D, Dracup K, and Pitt B. Making 

judgements about treatment effectiveness based on 

health outcomes: theoretical and practical issues. Jt 

Comm J Qual Improv 94;20(10):547-54. [Rec#: 32118] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Hagedoorn M, Sneeuw KC, and Aaronson NK. Changes in 

physical functioning and quality of life in patients with 

cancer: response shift and relative evaluation of one's 

condition. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55(2):176-83. 

[Rec#: 2908] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hagen NA, Elwood T, and Ernst S. Cancer pain 

emergencies: a protocol for management. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 97;14(1):45-50. Comment in: J Pain 

Symptom Manage. 1998 May;15(5):264-5. PMID: 

9654827. [Rec#: 2909] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hagenhoff BD, Feutz C, Conn VS, Sagehorn KK, and 

Moranville-Hunziker M. Patient education needs as 

reported by congestive heart failure patients and their 

nurses. J Adv Nurs 94;19(4):685-90. [Rec#: 32121] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Haggerty, J. L., Reid, R. J., Freeman, G. K., Starfield, B. H., 

Adair, C. E., and McKendry, R. Continuity of care: a 

multidisciplinary review. British Medical Journal 

2003;327:1219-1221. [Rec#: 50471] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hagland M. Managing diseases by managing IT. Health 

Manag Technol 98;19(7):18-20, 22, 24-5. 

[Rec#: 50035] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hagman G. Bereavement and neurosis. J Am Acad 

Psychoanal 95;23(4):635-53. [Rec#: 2912] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hagman G. The role of the other in mourning. Psychoanal Q 

96;65(2):327-52. [Rec#: 2913] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hague SB and Moody LE. A study of the public's knowledge 

regarding advance directives. Nurs Econ 

93;11(5):303-7, 323. [Rec#: 2915] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hahn J, Bishop G, and Fennell L. Integrating service 

excellence in a CHF clinical pathway pilot project. J 

Healthc Qual 2002;24(2):35-9, 44. [Rec#: 32125] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Haider-Markel DP and Joslyn MR. Just how important is the 

messenger versus the message? The case of framing 

physician-assisted suicide. Death Stud 

2004;28(3):243-62. [Rec#: 2918] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-100 

Haidet P, Hamel MB, Davis RB, Wenger N, Reding D, 

Kussin PS, Connors AF Jr, Lynn J, Weeks JC, and 

Phillips RS. Outcomes, preferences for resuscitation, 

and physician-patient communication among patients 

with metastatic colorectal cancer. SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Am 

J Med 98;105(3):222-9. [Rec#: 11793] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Haight BK. Long-term effects of a structured life review 

process. J Gerontol 92;47(5):P312-5. [Rec#: 41333] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Haines A and Katona C. Dementia in old age. Occas Pap R 

Coll Gen Pract 92;(58):62-6. [Rec#: 32129] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hainsworth MA, Eakes GG, and Burke ML. Coping with 

chronic sorrow. Issues Ment Health Nurs 

94;15(1):59-66. [Rec#: 2929] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hainsworth MA. Helping spouses with chronic sorrow 

related to multiple sclerosis. J Gerontol Nurs 

95;21(7):29-33. [Rec#: 2925] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hainsworth MA. Helping spouses with chronic sorrow 

related to multiple sclerosis. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment 

Health Serv 96;34(6):36-40. [Rec#: 2926] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hainsworth MA. Living with multiple sclerosis: the 

experience of chronic sorrow. J Neurosci Nurs 

94;26(4):237-40. [Rec#: 2927] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Haisfield-Wolfe ME and Rund C. Malignant cutaneous 

wounds: a management protocol. Ostomy Wound 

Manage 97;43(1):56-60, 62, 64-6. [Rec#: 11801] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Hale MS and Mikita MM. A family-systems model for 

consultation psychiatry. Adv Psychosom Med 

90;20:17-32. [Rec#: 2934] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Halevy A, Neal RC, and Brody BA. The low frequency of 

futility in an adult intensive care unit setting. Arch 

Intern Med 96;156(1):100-4. [Rec#: 11804] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Haley WE. The costs of family caregiving: implications for 

geriatric oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 

2003;48(2):151-8. [Rec#: 2936] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Hall B and Hall DA. Learning from the experience of loss: 

people bereaved during intensive care. Intensive Crit 

Care Nurs 94;10(4):265-70. [Rec#: 11808] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Hall BA. Patterns of spirituality in persons with advanced 

HIV disease. Res Nurs Health 98;21(2):143-53. 

[Rec#: 2939] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hall BA. The struggle of the diagnosed terminally ill person 

to maintain hope. Nurs Sci Q 90;3(4):177-84. 

[Rec#: 11811] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hall JE and Kirschling JM. A conceptual framework for 

caring for families of hospice patients. Hosp J 

90;6(2):1-28. [Rec#: 2941] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hall M, Baum A, Buysse DJ, Prigerson HG, Kupfer DJ, and 

Reynolds CF 3rd. Sleep as a mediator of the 

stress-immune relationship. Psychosom Med 

98;60(1):48-51. [Rec#: 2943] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hall M, Buysse DJ, Dew MA, Prigerson HG, Kupfer DJ, and 

Reynolds CF 3rd. Intrusive thoughts and avoidance 

behaviors are associated with sleep disturbances in 

bereavement-related depression. Depress Anxiety 

97;6(3):106-12. [Rec#: 2944] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Hall P, Stone G, and Fiset VJ. Palliative care: how can we 

meet the needs of our multicultural communities? J 

Palliat Care 98;14(2):46-9. [Rec#: 2946] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hall RI, Duncan PJ, and Rocker G. Death in the ICU--the 

Halifax experience. Can J Anaesth 99;46(5 Pt 

2):R57-69. [Rec#: 11818] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hall SE. Spiritual diversity: a challenge for hospice 

chaplains. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 97;14(5):221-3. 

[Rec#: 11819] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hallenbeck J, Goldstein MK, and Mebane EW. Cultural 

considerations of death and dying in the United States. 

Clin Geriatr Med 96;12(2):393-406. [Rec#: 2948] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Halligan P and Corcoran P. The impact of patient suicide on 

rural general practitioners. Br J Gen Pract 

2001;51(465):295-6. [Rec#: 2949] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Halloran E, Prentice N, Murray CL, O'Carroll RE, Glabus 

MF, Goodwin GM, and Ebmeier KP. Follow-up study 

of depression in the elderly. Clinical and SPECT data. 

Br J Psychiatry 99;175:252-8. [Rec#: 32136] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-101 

Halstead MT and Hull M. Struggling with paradoxes: the 

process of spiritual development in women with cancer. 

Oncol Nurs Forum 2001;28(10):1534-44. [Rec#: 2951] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hambridge JA. The grief process in those admitted to 

regional secure units following homicide. J Forensic 

Sci 90;35(5):1149-54. [Rec#: 2953] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Hamel R. Restoring healing to health care. Second Opin 

94;20(1):74-6. [Rec#: 2955] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hamel RP and Lysaught MT. Choosing palliative care: do 

religious beliefs make a difference? J Palliat Care 

94;10(3):61-6. [Rec#: 2956] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hamel, M. B., Phillips, R. S., Davis, R. B., Desbiens, N., 

Connors, A. F. Jr., Teno, J. M., Wenger, N., Lynn, J., 

Wu, A. W., Fulkerson, W., and Tsevat, J. Outcomes and 

cost-effectiveness of initiating dialysis and continuing 

aggressive care in seriously ill hospitalized adults. 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses 

and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. 

Annals of Internal Medicine 97;127(3):195-202. [Rec#: 

50473] 

In abstract review process 

Hamel, M. B., Phillips, R. S., Davis, R. B., Teno, J., 

Desbiens, N., Lynn, J., and Tsevat, J. Are aggressive 

treatment strategies less cost-effective for older 

patients? The case of ventilator support and aggressive 

care for patients with acute respiratory failure. Journal 

of the American Geriatrics Society 2001;49(4):382-90. 

[Rec#: 50475] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Hames, C. Helping infants and toddlers when a family 

member dies. Journal of Hospice and Palliative 

Medicine 2003;5(2):103-110. [Rec#: 50478] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Age, not adults" 

Hamilton DG. Believing in patients' beliefs: physician 

attunement to the spiritual dimension as a positive factor 

in patient healing and health. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

98;15(5):276-9. [Rec#: 11836] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hamilton J, Butler L, Wagenaar H, Sveinson T, Ward KA, 

McLean L, Grant D, and MacLellan F. The impact and 

management of cancer-related fatigue on patients and 

families. Can Oncol Nurs J 2001;11(4):192-8. 

[Rec#: 32143] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hamner MB. Exacerbation of posttraumatic stress disorder 

symptoms with medical illness. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 

94;16(2):135-7. [Rec#: 32147] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Han P and Arnold B. The challenge of chronic AIDS-related 

nausea and vomiting. J Palliat Med 2001;4(1):65-8. 

[Rec#: 2967] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Handy JR Jr, Asaph JW, Skokan L, Reed CE, Koh S, Brooks 

G, Douville EC, Tsen AC, Ott GY, and Silvestri GA. 

What happens to patients undergoing lung cancer 

surgery? Outcomes and quality of life before and after 

surgery. Chest 2002;122(1):21-30. Comment in: Chest. 

2002 Jul;122(1):4-5. PMID: 12114328. [Rec#: 32156] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Hanger HC, Fogarty B, Wilkinson TJ, and Sainsbury R. 

Stroke patients' views on stroke outcomes: death versus 

disability. Clin Rehabil 2000;14(4):417-24. 

[Rec#: 2975] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Hanks, G. W., Conno, F., Cherny, N., Hanna, M., Kalso, E., 

McQuay, H. J., Mercadante, S., Meynadier, J., Poulain, 

P., Ripamonti, C., Radbruch, L., Casas, J. R., Sawe, J., 

Twycross, R. G., Ventafridda, V., and Expert Working 

Group of the Research Network of the European 

Association for Palliative, Care. Morphine and 

alternative opioids in cancer pain: the EAPC 

recommendations. British Journal of Cancer 

2001;84(5):587-93. [Rec#: 50479] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hanrahan P and Luchins DJ. Feasible criteria for enrolling 

end-stage dementia patients in home hospice care. 

Hosp J 95;10(3):47-54. [Rec#: 2982] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Hanratty B, Hibbert D, Mair F, May C, Ward C, Capewell S, 

Litva A, and Corcoran G. Doctors' perceptions of 

palliative care for heart failure: focus group study. BMJ 

2002;325(7364):581-5. Comment in: BMJ. 2002 Oct 

26;325(7370):915-6. PMID: 12399323. [Rec#: 11849] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hansdottir H, Gruman C, Curry L, and Judge JO. Preferences 

for CPR among the elderly: the influence of attitudes 

and values. Conn Med 2000;64(10):625-30. 

[Rec#: 2984] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hansen HE, Bull MJ, and Gross CR. Interdisciplinary 

collaboration and discharge planning communication 

for elders. J Nurs Adm 98;28(9):37-46. [Rec#: 32162] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hansen, S. M., Tolle, S. W., and Martin, D. P. Factors 

associated with lower rates of in-hospital death. Journal 

of Palliative Medicine 2002;5(5):677-85. [Rec#: 50480] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-102 

Hansen-Flaschen J. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 

the last year of life. Respir Care 2004;49(1):90-8. 

[Rec#: 2985] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hansen-Flaschen JH. Palliative home care for advanced lung 

disease. Respir Care 2000;45(12):1478-86; discussion 

1486-9. [Rec#: 11852] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Hanson D, Langemo DK, Olson B, Hunter S, Sauvage TR, 

Burd C, and Cathcart-Silberberg T. The prevalence and 

incidence of pressure ulcers in the hospice setting: 

analysis of two methodologies. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

91;8(5):18-22. [Rec#: 2986] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hanson DS, Langemo D, Olson B, Hunter S, and Burd C. 

Evaluation of pressure ulcer prevalence rates for 

hospice patients post-implementation of pressure ulcer 

protocols. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 94;11(6):14-9. 

[Rec#: 2987] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Hanson LC, Danis M, and Garrett J. What is wrong with 

end-of-life care? Opinions of bereaved family members. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 97;45(11):1339-44. [Rec#: 2991] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hanson LC, Henderson M, and Menon M. As individual as 

death itself: a focus group study of terminal care in 

nursing homes. J Palliat Med 2002;5(1):117-25. 

[Rec#: 2993] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hanson LC, Tulsky JA, and Danis M. Can clinical 

interventions change care at the end of life? Ann Intern 

Med 97;126(5):381-8. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 

1997 Oct 1;127(7):574; author reply 574-5. PMID: 

9313031. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1997 Oct 

1;127(7):574; author reply 574-5. PMID: 9313030. 

[Rec#: 11862] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Hansson L, Lithell H, Skoog I, Baro F, Banki CM, Breteler 

M, Castaigne A, Correia M, Degaute JP, Elmfeldt D, 

Engedal K, Farsang C, Ferro J, Hachinski V, Hofman A, 

James OF, Krisin E, Leeman M, de Leeuw PW, Leys D, 

Lobo A, Nordby G, Olofsson B, Opolski G, Prince M, 

and Reischies FM. Study on COgnition and Prognosis 

in the Elderly (SCOPE): baseline characteristics. Blood 

Press 2000;9(2-3):146-51. [Rec#: 32166] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Happ MB, Capezuti E, Strumpf NE, Wagner L, Cunningham 

S, Evans L, and Maislin G. Advance care planning and 

end-of-life care for hospitalized nursing home residents. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(5):829-35. [Rec#: 2995] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Happ MB, Naylor MD, and Roe-Prior P. Factors contributing 

to rehospitalization of elderly patients with heart failure. 

J Cardiovasc Nurs 97;11(4):75-84. [Rec#: 32167] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Harding N. A practice-based evaluation of a liquid barrier 

film. Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(5):233-9. [Rec#: 3005] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Harding R and Higginson I. Working with ambivalence: 

informal caregivers of patients at the end of life. 

Support Care Cancer 2001;9(8):642-5. [Rec#: 3006] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Harding R and Higginson IJ. What is the best way to help 

caregivers in cancer and palliative care? A systematic 

literature review of interventions and their effectiveness. 

Palliat Med 2003;17(1):63-74. [Rec#: 3007] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Harding R, Leam C, Pearce A, Taylor E, and Higginson IJ. A 

multi-professional short-term group intervention for 

informal caregivers of patients using a home palliative 

care service. J Palliat Care 2002;18(4):275-81. 

[Rec#: 11871] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hardman, A., Maguire, P., and Crowther, D. The recognition 

of psychiatric morbidity on a medical oncology ward. 

Journal of Psychosomatic Research 89;33(2):235-9. 

[Rec#: 50481] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Hardy PA. The role of the pain clinic in the management of 

the terminally ill. Br J Hosp Med 90;43(2):142-6. 

[Rec#: 11878] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Harjai KJ, Nunez E, Stewart Humphrey J, Turgut T, Shah M, 

and Newman J. Does gender bias exist in the medical 

management of heart failure? Int J Cardiol 

2000;75(1):65-9. [Rec#: 32175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Harlow SD, Goldberg EL, and Comstock GW. A 

longitudinal study of risk factors for depressive 

symptomatology in elderly widowed and married 

women. Am J Epidemiol 91;134(5):526-38. 

[Rec#: 3022] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-103 

Harlow SD, Goldberg EL, and Comstock GW. A 

longitudinal study of the prevalence of depressive 

symptomatology in elderly widowed and married 

women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 91;48(12):1065-8. 

[Rec#: 3023] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Harrington KJ, Pandha HS, Kelly SA, Lambert HE, Jackson 

JE, and Waxman J. Palliation of obstructive 

nephropathy due to malignancy. Br J Urol 

95;76(1):101-7. [Rec#: 3029] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Harrington V, Lackey NR, and Gates MF. Needs of 

caregivers of clinic and hospice cancer patients. Cancer 

Nurs 96;19(2):118-25. [Rec#: 3030] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Harris P E. Acupressure: a review of the literature. 

Complementary Therapies in Medicine 

97;5(3):156-161. [Rec#: 50849] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Harris T and Kendrick T. Bereavement care in general 

practice: a survey in South Thames Health Region. Br J 

Gen Pract 98;48(434):1560-4. Comment in: Br J Gen 

Pract. 1999 Jan;49(438):66. PMID: 10622028. 

Comment in: Br J Gen Pract. 1999 Jan;49(438):66. 

PMID: 10622029. [Rec#: 11901] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Harris Y, Gorelick PB, Cohen D, Dollear W, Forman H, and 

Freels S. Psychiatric symptoms in dementia associated 

with stroke: a case-control analysis among 

predominantly African-American patients. J Natl Med 

Assoc 94;86(9):697-702. [Rec#: 32189] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Harrison MB, Browne GB, Roberts J, Tugwell P, Gafni A, 

and Graham ID. Quality of life of individuals with heart 

failure: a randomized trial of the effectiveness of two 

models of hospital-to-home transition. Med Care 

2002;40(4):271-82. Comment in: Evid Based Nurs. 

2003 Jan;6(1):21. PMID: 12546039. Comment in: Med 

Care. 2002 Apr;40(4):267-8. PMID: 12021681. 

[Rec#: 32191] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hart A Jr, Kohlwes RJ, Deyo R, Rhodes LA, and Bowen DJ. 

Hospice patients' attitudes regarding spiritual 

discussions with their doctors. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(2):135-9. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care. 2003 Mar-Apr;20(2):88-9. PMID: 12693636. 

Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2003 

Mar-Apr;20(2):90-2. PMID: 12693637. [Rec#: 3040] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hart G, Yates P, Clinton M, and Windsor C. Mediating 

conflict and control: practice challenges for nurses 

working in palliative care. Int J Nurs Stud 

98;35(5):252-8. [Rec#: 3041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Harvey HA and Lipton A. The role of bisphosphonates in the 

treatment of bone metastases--the U.S. experience. 

Support Care Cancer 96;4(3):213-7. [Rec#: 11915] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Harvey SA. S.C.A.L.E.--spiritual care at life's end: a 

multi-disciplinary approach to end-of-life issues in a 

hospital setting. Med Ref Serv Q 2001;20(4):63-71. 

[Rec#: 11918] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Harwood DG and Sultzer DL. "Life is not worth living": 

hopelessness in Alzheimer's disease. J Geriatr 

Psychiatry Neurol 2002;15(1):38-43. [Rec#: 32209] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Harwood DG, Barker WW, Ownby RL, and Duara R. 

Clinical characteristics of community-dwelling black 

Alzheimer's disease patients. J Natl Med Assoc 

2000;92(9):424-9. [Rec#: 32206] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Harwood DG, Barker WW, Ownby RL, Mullan M, and 

Duara R. Factors associated with depressive symptoms 

in non-demented community-dwelling elderly. Int J 

Geriatr Psychiatry 99;14(5):331-7. [Rec#: 32207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Harwood DG, Barker WW, Ownby RL, Mullan MJ, and 

Duara R. Family history of dementia and current 

depression in nondemented community-dwelling older 

adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2000;13(2):65-71. 

[Rec#: 32208] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hately J, Laurence V, Scott A, Baker R, and Thomas P. 

Breathlessness clinics within specialist palliative care 

settings can improve the quality of life and functional 

capacity of patients with lung cancer. Palliat Med 

2003;17(5):410-7. [Rec#: 3058] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hauser, J. M., Kleefield, S. F., and Brennan, T. A. Minority 

populations and advanced directives: insights from a 

focus group methodology. Cambridge Quarterly of 

Healthcare Ethics 97;6:58-71. [Rec#: 50485] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Haverkate I, van Delden JJ, van Nijen AB, and van der Wal 

G. Guidelines for the use of do-not-resuscitate orders in 

Dutch hospitals. Crit Care Med 2000;28(8):3039-43. 

[Rec#: 41421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-104 

Havranek EP, Masoudi FA, Rumsfeld JS, and Steiner JF. A 

broader paradigm for understanding and treating heart 

failure. J Card Fail 2003;9(2):147-52. [Rec#: 32222] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Havranek EP, McGovern KM, Weinberger J, Brocato A, 

Lowes BD, and Abraham WT. Patient preferences for 

heart failure treatment: utilities are valid measures of 

health-related quality of life in heart failure. J Card Fail 

99;5(2):85-91. [Rec#: 32223] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Havranek EP, Ware MG, and Lowes BD. Prevalence of 

depression in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 

99;84(3):348-50, A9. [Rec#: 32224] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hawthorne MH and Hixon ME. Functional status, mood 

disturbance and quality of life in patients with heart 

failure. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 94;9(1):22-32. 

[Rec#: 32226] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hay L, Farncombe M, and McKee P. Patient, nurse and 

physician views of dyspnea. Can Nurse 96;92(10):26-9. 

[Rec#: 3072] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hayes RP, Baker DW, Luthi JC, Baggett RL, McClellan W, 

Fitzgerald D, Abrams FR, Bratzler D, and Ballard DJ. 

The effect of external feedback on the management of 

medicare inpatients with congestive heart failure. Am J 

Med Qual 2002;17(6):225-35. [Rec#: 32231] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hayes S, Henshaw D, Rai GS, and Stewart K. Audit of 

resuscitation decisions has little impact on clinical 

practice. J R Coll Physicians Lond 99;33(4):348-50. 

Comment in: J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1999 

Sep-Oct;33(5):486. PMID: 10624677. [Rec#: 41425] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hayley DC, Muir JC, Stocking C, Hougham G, and Sachs G. 

Not ready for hospice: characteristics of patients in a 

pre-hospice program. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(6):377-82. [Rec#: 3079] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hayley, D. C., Stern, R., Stocking, C., and Sachs, G. A. The 

application of health care surrogate laws to older 

populations: how good a match? Journal of the 

American Geriatric Society 96;44(2):185-8. 

[Rec#: 50486] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hayman JA and Langa KM. Estimating the costs of caring 

for the older breast cancer patient. Crit Rev Oncol 

Hematol 2003;46(3):255-60. [Rec#: 3080] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hays JC, Kasl S, and Jacobs S. Past personal history of 

dysphoria, social support, and psychological distress 

following conjugal bereavement. J Am Geriatr Soc 

94;42(7):712-8. [Rec#: 3083] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Hayter CR and Mackillop WJ. Admissions to a radiation 

oncology inpatient service. Cancer Prev Control 

97;1(2):116-21. [Rec#: 32233] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hazzard, W. R., Woolard, N., and Regenstreif, D. I. Internal 

medicine: at the nexus of the health care system in 

responding to the demographic imperative of an aging 

population. American Journal of Medicine 

2001;110(6):507-13. [Rec#: 50487] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Healy S and McNamara E. Tube feeding controversial 

patients: what do dietitians think? J Hum Nutr Diet 

2002;15(6):445-53. [Rec#: 32236] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Heaney L and Antonio C. Outpatient infusion clinics: a 

strategy for the successful management of advanced 

heart failure. J Cardiovasc Manag 97;8(1):12-6. 

[Rec#: 32237] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Hearn J and Higginson IJ. Do specialist palliative care teams 

improve outcomes for cancer patients? A systematic 

literature review. Palliat Med 98;12(5):317-32. 

[Rec#: 11979] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Hearn J and Higginson IJ. Outcome measures in palliative 

care for advanced cancer patients: a review. J Public 

Health Med 97;19(2):193-9. [Rec#: 11980] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Heart failure intervention cuts return trips to hospital. Clin 

Resour Manag 2001;2(1):12-3, 1. [Rec#: 32238] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Heath H, McCormack B, Phair L, and Ford P. Developing 

outcome indicators in continuing care: part 2. Nurs 

Stand 96;10(47):41-5. [Rec#: 3096] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Heaven CM and Maguire P. Disclosure of concerns by 

hospice patients and their identification by nurses. 

Palliat Med 97;11(4):283-90. [Rec#: 11983] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-105 

Hebert, R. S., Jenckes, M. W., Ford, D. E., O'Connor, D. R., 

and Cooper, L. A. Patient perspectives on spirituality 

and the patient-physician relationship. Journal of 

General Internal Medicine 2001;16(10):685-92. 

[Rec#: 50488] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Hecht MJ, Graesel E, Tigges S, Hillemacher T, Winterholler 

M, Hilz MJ, Heuss D, and Neundorfer B. Burden of care 

in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Palliat Med 

2003;17(4):327-33. [Rec#: 3099] 

In abstract review process 

Heedman PA and Starkhammar H. Patterns of referral to a 

palliative care unit: an indicator of different attitudes 

toward the dying patient? J Palliat Med 

2002;5(1):101-6. [Rec#: 3102] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Heeren O, Dixon L, Gavirneni S, and Regenold WT. The 

association between decreasing length of stay and 

readmission rate on a psychogeriatric unit. Psychiatr 

Serv 2002;53(1):76-9. [Rec#: 32245] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hefferan C and Ludwig-Beymer P. Applying HIM skills in a 

systemwide congestive heart failure initiative. J 

AHIMA 2000;71(2):69-70. [Rec#: 32247] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hefflin BJ. Final-year-of life pacemaker recipients. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 98;46(11):1396-400. [Rec#: 41446] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Heffner JE and Highland KB. Chronic obstructive pulmonary 

disease in geriatric critical care. Crit Care Clin 

2003;19(4):713-27. [Rec#: 3110] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Heffner JE. Role of pulmonary rehabilitation in palliative 

care. Respir Care 2000;45(11):1365-71; discussion 

1371-5. [Rec#: 11988] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hegge M and Fischer C. Grief responses of senior and 

elderly widows. Practice implications. J Gerontol Nurs 

2000;26(2):35-43. [Rec#: 3114] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hegge M. A qualitative retrospective study of coping 

strategies of newly widowed elderly. Effects of 

anticipatory grieving on the caregiver. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 91;8(4):28-34. [Rec#: 3113] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Heidenreich A, Hofmann R, and Engelmann UH. The use of 

bisphosphonate for the palliative treatment of painful 

bone metastasis due to hormone refractory prostate 

cancer. J Urol 2001;165(1):136-40. [Rec#: 3115] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Heidenreich A. Bisphosphonates in the management of 

metastatic prostate cancer. Oncology 2003;65 Suppl 

1:5-11. [Rec#: 11996] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Heim E, Augustiny KF, Schaffner L, and Valach L. Coping 

with breast cancer over time and situation. J Psychosom 

Res 93;37(5):523-42. [Rec#: 3117] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Heintz LM and Baruss I. Spirituality in late adulthood. 

Psychol Rep 2001;88(3 Pt 1):651-4. [Rec#: 3123] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Heller A, Dinges S, Heimerl K, Reitinger E, and Wegleitner 

K. [Palliative culture in the stationary care for the 

elderly]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2003;36(5):360-5. 

[Rec#: 3125] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hellinger FJ, Fleishman JA, and Hsia DC. AIDS treatment 

costs during the last months of life: evidence from the 

ACSUS. Health Serv Res 94;29(5):569-81. Comment 

in: Health Serv Res. 1994 Dec;29(5):523-5. PMID: 

8002347. [Rec#: 12007] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Helsing M, Bergman B, Thaning L, and Hero U. Quality of 

life and survival in patients with advanced non-small 

cell lung cancer receiving supportive care plus 

chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide or 

supportive care only. A multicentre randomised phase 

III trial. Joint Lung Cancer Study Group. Eur J Cancer 

98;34(7):1036-44. [Rec#: 32265] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Henderson JM and Ord RA. Suicide in head and neck cancer 

patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 97;55(11):1217-21; 

discussion 1221-2. [Rec#: 3131] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Henderson ML. Ethics rounds. Living fully while dying. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 2001;21(4):357-8. Comment on: 

J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001 Apr;21(4):355-6. PMID: 

11312050. [Rec#: 3133] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Henke CJ and Burchmore MJ. The economic impact of the 

tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Clin 

Ther 97;19(2):330-45. [Rec#: 32278] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Henneman EA, Baird B, Bellamy PE, Faber LL, and Oye 

RK. Effect of do-not-resuscitate orders on the nursing 

care of critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care 

94;3(6):467-72. [Rec#: 3139] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-106 

Henning R. GP-hospice interaction. When should patients be 

referred? Aust Fam Physician 94;23(7):1242-5. 

[Rec#: 12017] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Henrich WL. Dialysis considerations in the elderly patient. 

Am J Kidney Dis 90;16(4):339-41. [Rec#: 32280] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Henry RG. Alzheimer's disease and cognitively impaired 

elderly: providing dental care. J Calif Dent Assoc 

99;27(9):709-17. [Rec#: 32282] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hepburn K and Reed R. Ethical and clinical issues with 

Native-American elders. End-of-life decision making. 

Clin Geriatr Med 95;11(1):97-111. [Rec#: 3149] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hepburn K, Petrie M, Peterson C, and VanLoy W. A moving 

experience: reconfiguring a special care unit for 

Alzheimer's patients. Gerontologist 95;35(6):831-5. 

[Rec#: 50037] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Herbst LH and Strause LG. Transdermal fentanyl use in 

hospice home-care patients with chronic cancer pain. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 92;7(3 Suppl):S54-7. 

[Rec#: 3152] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Herd EB. Terminal care in a semi-rural area. Br J Gen Pract 

90;40(335):248-51. Comment in: Br J Gen Pract. 1990 

Oct;40(339):433. PMID: 2271270. [Rec#: 3153] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Hermann CP. Spiritual needs of dying patients: a qualitative 

study. Oncol Nurs Forum 2001;28(1):67-72. 

[Rec#: 3157] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hermann, C. and Loonery, S. The effectiveness of symptoms 

management in hospice patients during the last sever 

days of life. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing 

2001;3(3):88-96. [Rec#: 50489] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hermansson AR and Ternestedt BM. What do we know 

about the dying patient? Awareness as a means to 

improve palliative care. Med Law 2000;19(2):335-44. 

[Rec#: 3159] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Hern HE Jr, Koenig BA, Moore LJ, and Marshall PA. The 

difference that culture can make in end-of-life 

decisionmaking. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 98;7(1):27-40. 

Comment in: Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2000 

Winter;9(1):123-7. PMID: 10721474. [Rec#: 3160] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Herrmann WM, Stephan K, Gaede K, and Apeceche M. A 

multicenter randomized double-blind study on the 

efficacy and safety of nicergoline in patients with 

multi-infarct dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 

97;8(1):9-17. [Rec#: 32306] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hershberger RE, Nauman D, Walker TL, Dutton D, and 

Burgess D. Care processes and clinical outcomes of 

continuous outpatient support with inotropes (COSI) in 

patients with refractory endstage heart failure. J Card 

Fail 2003;9(3):180-7. Comment in: J Card Fail. 2003 

Jun;9(3):188-91. PMID: 12815568. [Rec#: 3169] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Hershberger RE, Ni H, Nauman DJ, Burgess D, Toy W, 

Wise K, Dutton D, Crispell K, Vossler M, and Everett J. 

Prospective evaluation of an outpatient heart failure 

management program. J Card Fail 2001;7(1):64-74. 

[Rec#: 32308] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Herskovits E. Struggling over subjectivity: debates about the 

"self" and Alzheimer's disease. Med Anthropol Q 

95;9(2):146-64. [Rec#: 32310] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Herth K. Contributions of humor as perceived by the 

terminally ill. Am J Hosp Care 90;7(1):36-40. 

[Rec#: 3171] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Herth K. Engendering hope in the chronically and terminally 

ill: nursing interventions. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

95;12(5):31-9. [Rec#: 3172] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Herth K. Fostering hope in terminally-ill people. J Adv Nurs 

90;15(11):1250-9. [Rec#: 3173] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Herth K. Hope in the family caregiver of terminally ill 

people. J Adv Nurs 93;18(4):538-48. [Rec#: 3174] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Herth K. Relationship of hope, coping styles, concurrent 

losses, and setting to grief resolution in the elderly 

widow(er). Res Nurs Health 90;13(2):109-17. 

[Rec#: 3175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Herth KA and Cutcliffe JR. The concept of hope in nursing 

3: hope and palliative care nursing. Br J Nurs 

2002;11(14):977-83. [Rec#: 12044] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-107 

Herth, K. Abbreviated instrument to measure hope: 

development and psychometric evaluation. J Adv Nurs 

92;17(10):1251-9. [Rec#: 50869] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hess M. The new Palliative Care Outreach Program--a 

resounding success. Support Care Cancer 

99;7(5):298-301. [Rec#: 12046] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Heun R, Papassotiropoulos A, Jessen F, Maier W, and 

Breitner JC. A family study of Alzheimer disease and 

early- and late-onset depression in elderly patients. 

Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58(2):190-6. [Rec#: 32314] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Heuser I, Heuser-Link M, Gotthardt U, Grasser A, and 

Holsboer F. Behavioral effects of a synthetic 

corticotropin 4-9 analog in patients with depression and 

patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Clin 

Psychopharmacol 93;13(3):171-4. [Rec#: 32315] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Hewson D. Coping with loss of ability: "good grief" or 

episodic stress responses? Soc Sci Med 

97;44(8):1129-39. [Rec#: 12049] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Heyland DK, Tranmer J, and Feldman-Stewart D. End-of-life 

decision making in the seriously ill hospitalized patient: 

an organizing framework and results of a preliminary 

study. J Palliat Care 2000;16 Suppl:S31-9. 

[Rec#: 3185] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Heyland DK, Tranmer JE, and Kingston General Hospital 

ICU Research Working Group. Measuring family 

satisfaction with care in the intensive care unit: the 

development of a questionnaire and preliminary results. 

J Crit Care 2001;16(4):142-9. [Rec#: 12052] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hiatt LG. Modifying the home environment or community 

setting for people with cognitive impairments. Pride 

Inst J Long Term Home Health Care 90;9(2):18-27. 

[Rec#: 32322] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hibbert D, Hanratty B, May C, Mair F, Litva A, and 

Capewell S. Negotiating palliative care expertise in the 

medical world. Soc Sci Med 2003;57(2):277-88. 

[Rec#: 12055] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Hickey, A. M., Bury, G., O'Boyle, C. A., Bradley, F., 

O'Kelly, F. D., and Shannon, W. A new short form 

individual quality of life measure (SEIQoL-DW): 

application in a cohort of individuals with HIV/AIDS. 

BMJ 96;313(7048):29-33. [Rec#: 50870] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hickling JA, Nazareth I, and Rogers S. The barriers to 

effective management of heart failure in general 

practice. Br J Gen Pract 2001;51(469):615-8. 

[Rec#: 32325] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hicks F, Thom V, Alison D, and Corcoran G. Spinal cord 

compression: the hospice perspective. J Palliat Care 

93;9(3):9-13. Comment in: J Palliat Care. 1994 

Spring;10(1):56-8. PMID: 8035259. [Rec#: 3193] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hietanen P and Lonnqvist J. Cancer and suicide. Ann Oncol 

91;2(1):19-23. Comment in: Ann Oncol. 1991 

Jan;2(1):8. PMID: 2009240. [Rec#: 3194] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Higginson I, Wade A, and McCarthy M. Palliative care: 

views of patients and their families. BMJ 

90;301(6746):277-81. [Rec#: 3199] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Higginson I. Advanced cancer: aiming for the best in care. 

Qual Health Care 93;2(2):112-6. [Rec#: 12059] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Higginson I. Palliative care services in the community: what 

do family doctors want? J Palliat Care 99;15(2):21-5. 

[Rec#: 12061] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Higginson I. Palliative care: a review of past changes and 

future trends. J Public Health Med 93;15(1):3-8. 

[Rec#: 12060] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Higginson IJ and Hearn J. A multicenter evaluation of cancer 

pain control by palliative care teams. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 97;14(1):29-35. [Rec#: 12070] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Higginson IJ and Wilkinson S. Marie Curie nurses: enabling 

patients with cancer to die at home. Br J Community 

Nurs 2002;7(5):240-4. [Rec#: 12075] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Higginson IJ Gysels M. Improving Supportive and Palliative 

Care for Adults With Cancer (DRAFT). unpublished 

and confidential;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50840] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-108 

Higginson IJ, Finlay I, Goodwin DM, Cook AM, Hood K, 

Edwards AG, Douglas HR, and Norman CE. Do 

hospital-based palliative teams improve care for patients 

or families at the end of life? J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;23(2):96-106. [Rec#: 12067] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Higginson IJ, Finlay IG, Goodwin DM, Cook AM, Edwards 

AGK, Hood K, Douglas H-R, Normand CE. The Role 

of Palliative Care Teams: a Systematic Review of Their 

Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness. 2001;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50835] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Higginson IJ, Finlay IG, Goodwin DM, Hood K, Edwards 

AG, Cook A, Douglas HR, and Normand CE. Is there 

evidence that palliative care teams alter end-of-life 

experiences of patients and their caregivers? J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2003;25(2):150-68. [Rec#: 12069] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Higginson IJ, Hearn J, and Webb D. Audit in palliative care: 

does practice change? Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

96;5(4):233-6. [Rec#: 12072] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Higginson IJ, Hearn J, Myers K, and Naysmith A. Palliative 

day care: what do services do? Palliative Day Care 

Project Group. Palliat Med 2000;14(4):277-86. 

[Rec#: 12071] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Higginson IJ, Jarman B, Astin P, and Dolan S. Do social 

factors affect where patients die: an analysis of 10 years 

of cancer deaths in England. J Public Health Med 

99;21(1):22-8. [Rec#: 3203] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Higginson IJ, Sen-Gupta G, Dunlop D. Changing Gear - 

Guidelines for Managing the Last Days of Life in 

Adults. The Research Evidence. 1997;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50492] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Higginson, I. and McCarthy, M. Measuring symptoms in 

terminal cancer: are pain and dyspnoea controlled? 

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 

89;82(5):264-7. [Rec#: 50490] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Highfield, M. E. Providing spiritual care to patients with 

cancer. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 

2000;4(3):115-20. [Rec#: 50493] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hilden, J. M., Watterson, J., and Chrastek, J. Tell the 

children. Journal of Clinical Oncology 

2000;18(17):3193-5. [Rec#: 50494] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hill CS Jr. Suffering as contrasted to pain, loss, grief, 

despair, and loneliness. NLN Publ 92;(15-2461):69-80. 

[Rec#: 12085] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hill N. Use of quality-of-life scores in care planning in a 

hospice setting: a comparative study. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(11):540-7. [Rec#: 3211] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hill N. Use of quality-of-life scores in care planning in a 

hospice setting: the theme of revelation. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2002;8(12):591-3. [Rec#: 12087] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hill RD, Backman L, and Fratiglioni L. Determinants of 

functional abilities in dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 

95;43(10):1092-7. [Rec#: 32332] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Hill, N., Eveloff, S. F., Carlisle, C. C., and Goff, S. G. 

Efficacy of nocturnal nasal ventilation in patients with 

restrictive thoracic disease. American Review of 

Respiratory Diseases 92;145:365-371. [Rec#: 50495] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hilliard RE. Music therapy in pediatric palliative care: 

complementing the interdisciplinary approach. J Palliat 

Care 2003;19(2):127-32. [Rec#: 12089] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hilliard RE. The use of music therapy in meeting the 

multidimensional needs of hospice patients and 

families. J Palliat Care 2001;17(3):161-6. [Rec#: 3214] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Hillman KM, Bristow PJ, Chey T, Daffurn K, Jacques T, 

Norman SL, Bishop GF, and Simmons G. Antecedents 

to hospital deaths. Intern Med J 2001;31(6):343-8. 

Comment in: Intern Med J. 2001 Aug;31(6):321. PMID: 

11529584. [Rec#: 41514] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hilton C and Jolley D. Understanding confusion. Nurs Elder 

90;2(7):24-6. [Rec#: 32334] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hiltunen EF, Medich C, Chase S, Peterson L, and Forrow L. 

Family decision making for end-of-life treatment: the 

SUPPORT nurse narratives. Study to Understand 

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatments. J Clin Ethics 99;10(2):126-34. 

[Rec#: 3218] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-109 

Hiltunen EF, Puopolo AL, Marks GK, Marsden C, Kennard 

MJ, Follen MA, and Phillips RS. The nurse's role in 

end-of-life treatment discussions: preliminary report 

from the SUPPORT Project. J Cardiovasc Nurs 

95;9(3):68-77. [Rec#: 12094] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Himsworth RL and Goldacre MJ. Does time spent in hospital 

in the final 15 years of life increase with age at death? A 

population based study. BMJ 99;319(7221):1338-9. 

Comment in: BMJ. 2000 Feb 5;320(7231):378-9. 

PMID: 10657344. [Rec#: 3219] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hinds CJ, Martin R, and Quinton P. Intensive care for 

patients with medical complications of haematological 

malignancy: is it worth it? Schweiz Med Wochenschr 

98;128(39):1467-73. [Rec#: 12096] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Hines SC, Babrow AS, Badzek L, and Moss A. From coping 

with life to coping with death: problematic integration 

for the seriously ill elderly. Health Commun 

2001;13(3):327-42. [Rec#: 3225] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hinkka H, Kosunen E, Lammi EK, Metsanoja R, Puustelli A, 

and Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P. Decision making in 

terminal care: a survey of finnish doctors' treatment 

decisions in end-of-life scenarios involving a terminal 

cancer and a terminal dementia patient. Palliat Med 

2002;16(3):195-204. [Rec#: 3229] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hinkka H, Kosunen E, Metsanoja R, Lammi UK, and 

Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P. To resuscitate or not: a 

dilemma in terminal cancer care. Resuscitation 

2001;49(3):289-97. [Rec#: 3232] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hinkka H, Kosunen E, Metsanoja R, Lammi UK, and 

Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P. General practitioners' attitudes 

and ethical decisions in end-of-life care after a year of 

interactive Internet-based training. J Cancer Educ 

2002;17(1):12-8. [Rec#: 12100] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hinshaw DB, Carnahan JM, and Johnson DL. Depression, 

anxiety, and asthenia in advanced illness. J Am Coll 

Surg 2002;195(2):271-7; discussion 277-8. 

[Rec#: 12104] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hinshaw DB, Pawlik T, Mosenthal AC, Civetta JM, and 

Hallenbeck J. When do we stop, and how do we do it? 

Medical futility and withdrawal of care. J Am Coll 

Surg 2003;196(4):621-51. [Rec#: 12105] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hinshaw DB. The spiritual needs of the dying patient. J Am 

Coll Surg 2002;195(4):565-8; discussion 568-9. 

[Rec#: 3233] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hinton J. An assessment of open communication between 

people with terminal cancer, caring relatives, and others 

during home care. J Palliat Care 98;14(3):15-23. 

[Rec#: 3235] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hirai K, Morita T, and Kashiwagi T. Professionally 

perceived effectiveness of psychosocial interventions 

for existential suffering of terminally ill cancer patients. 

Palliat Med 2003;17(8):688-94. [Rec#: 12107] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hirayama M. Psychological care for the bereaved. 

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 95;49 Suppl 1:S135-7. 

[Rec#: 3246] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hirose H, Ittetu T, and Aoki Y. Aiming at establishment of 

"palliative day care"--attempt at providing an outpatient 

salon for cancer patients in the Department of 

Radiology. Radiat Med 97;15(5):353-9. [Rec#: 3247] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hirschfeld RM. The suicidal patient. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 

98;33(10):119-23, 127-8, 131-3 passim. [Rec#: 3249] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hirst, A. and Sloan, R. Benzodiazepines and related drugs 

for insomnia in palliative care. Cochrane Database of 

Systematic Reviews 2002;(4):CD003346. 

[Rec#: 50496] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Hisnanick JJ and Steele L. Home health care for cancer 

patients. Insights from the American Indian community. 

J Long Term Home Health Care 95;14(3):4-10. 

[Rec#: 12112] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ho D. Role of community mental health nurses for people 

with dementia. Br J Nurs 2000;9(15):986-91. 

[Rec#: 32352] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hobbs FD, Kenkre JE, Roalfe AK, Davis RC, Hare R, and 

Davies MK. Impact of heart failure and left ventricular 

systolic dysfunction on quality of life: a cross-sectional 

study comparing common chronic cardiac and medical 

disorders and a representative adult population. Eur 

Heart J 2002;23(23):1867-76. Comment in: Eur Heart J. 

2002 Dec;23(23):1806-8. PMID: 12445531. Comment 

in: Eur Heart J. 2003 Sep;24(18):1700. PMID: 

14499236. [Rec#: 32355] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-110 

Hobbs FD. Primary care physicians: champions of or an 

impediment to optimal care of the patient with heart 

failure? Eur J Heart Fail 99;1(1):11-5. [Rec#: 50038] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hobbs FD. Unmet need for diagnosis of heart failure: the 

view from primary care. Heart 2002;88 Suppl 2:ii9-11. 

[Rec#: 32354] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hockley J. Psychosocial aspects in palliative 

care--communicating with the patient and family. Acta 

Oncol 2000;39(8):905-10. [Rec#: 3258] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hockley J. Specialist palliative care within the acute hospital 

setting. Acta Oncol 99;38(4):491-4. Comment in: Acta 

Oncol. 1999;38(4):403-4. PMID: 10418706. 

[Rec#: 12129] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hodges MO, Tolle SW, Stocking C, and Cassel CK. Tube 

feeding. Internists' attitudes regarding ethical 

obligations. Arch Intern Med 94;154(9):1013-20. 

[Rec#: 32360] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hodson ME. Treatment of cystic fibrosis in the adult. 

Respiration 2000;67(6):595-607. [Rec#: 3263] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hoefler JM. Making decisions about tube feeding for 

severely demented patients at the end of life: clinical, 

legal, and ethical considerations. Death Stud 

2000;24(3):233-54. [Rec#: 12135] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Hoffman HG, Patterson DR, Carrougher GJ, and Sharar SR. 

Effectiveness of virtual reality-based pain control with 

multiple treatments. Clin J Pain 2001;17(3):229-35. 

[Rec#: 3268] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hofhuis J, Hautvast JL, Schrijvers AJ, and Bakker J. Quality 

of life on admission to the intensive care: can we query 

the relatives? Intensive Care Med 2003;29(6):974-9. 

[Rec#: 41528] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hofmann M, Rosler A, Schwarz W, Muller-Spahn F, 

Krauchi K, Hock C, and Seifritz E. Interactive 

computer-training as a therapeutic tool in Alzheimer's 

disease. Compr Psychiatry 2003;44(3):213-9. 

[Rec#: 32369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hogan C, Lunney J, Gabel J, and Lynn J. Medicare 

beneficiaries' costs of care in the last year of life. 

Health Aff (Millwood) 2001;20(4):188-95. 

[Rec#: 3274] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hogan DB and Ebly EM. Complementary medicine use in a 

dementia clinic population. Alzheimer Dis Assoc 

Disord 96;10(2):63-7. [Rec#: 32370] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Hohenleitner R. Critical care nurses' role in code status 

discussion. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 2002;21(4):140-3. 

[Rec#: 3279] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Holden CM. Nutrition and hydration in the terminally ill 

cancer patient: the nurse's role in helping patients and 

families cope. Hosp J 93;9(2-3):15-35. [Rec#: 12148] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Holden U. Dementia in acute units: confusion. Nurs Stand 

95;9(17):37-9. [Rec#: 32378] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Holland JC, Kash KM, Passik S, Gronert MK, Sison A, 

Lederberg M, Russak SM, Baider L, and Fox B. A brief 

spiritual beliefs inventory for use in quality of life 

research in life-threatening illness. Psychooncology 

98;7(6):460-9. [Rec#: 41532] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Holland, J. C., Passik, S., Kash, K. M., Russak, S. M., 

Gronert, M. K., Sison, A., Lederberg, M., Fox, B., and 

Baider, L. The role of religious and spiritual beliefs in 

coping with malignant melanoma. Psycho-Oncology 

99;8(1):14-26. [Rec#: 50497] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hollen CJ, Hollen CW, and Stolte K. Hospice and hospital 

oncology unit nurses: a comparative survey of 

knowledge and attitudes about cancer pain. Oncol Nurs 

Forum 2000;27(10):1593-9. [Rec#: 3289] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Hollen PJ and Gralla RJ. Comparison of instruments for 

measuring quality of life in patients with lung cancer. 

Semin Oncol 96;23(2 Suppl 5):31-40. [Rec#: 32380] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, and Cox C. Quality of life 

during clinical trials: conceptual model for the Lung 

Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS). Support Care Cancer 

94;2(4):213-22. [Rec#: 32382] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-111 

Holley JL. A single-center review of the death notification 

form: discontinuing dialysis before death is not a 

surrogate for withdrawal from dialysis. Am J Kidney 

Dis 2002;40(3):525-30. [Rec#: 41534] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Hollins S and Esterhuyzen A. Bereavement and grief in 

adults with learning disabilities. Br J Psychiatry 

97;170:497-501. [Rec#: 3293] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Holloran SD, Starkey GW, Burke PA, Steele G Jr, and Forse 

RA. An educational intervention in the surgical 

intensive care unit to improve ethical decisions. 

Surgery 95;118(2):294-8; discussion 298-9. 

[Rec#: 12158] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Holman C and Jackson S. A team education project: an 

evaluation of a collaborative education and practice 

development in a continuing care unit for older people. 

Nurse Educ Today 2001;21(2):97-103. [Rec#: 3294] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Holman WL, Davies JE, Rayburn BK, McGiffin DC, Foley 

BA, Benza RL, Bourge RC, Blood P, and Kirklin JK. 

Treatment of end-stage heart disease with outpatient 

ventricular assist devices. Ann Thorac Surg 

2002;73(5):1489-93; discussion 1493-4. [Rec#: 50039] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Holst DP, Kaye D, Richardson M, Krum H, Prior D, 

Aggarwal A, Wolfe R, and Bergin P. Improved 

outcomes from a comprehensive management system 

for heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2001;3(5):619-25. 

[Rec#: 32391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Holst M, Stromberg A, Lindholm M, Uden G, and 

Willenheimer R. Fluid restriction in heart failure 

patients: is it useful? The design of a prospective, 

randomised study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 

2003;2(3):237-42. [Rec#: 32392] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Holstein J, Chatellier G, Piette F, and Moulias R. Prevalence 

of associated diseases in different types of dementia 

among elderly institutionalized patients: analysis of 

3447 records. J Am Geriatr Soc 94;42(9):972-7. 

Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995 Apr;43(4):455-6. 

PMID: 7706642. [Rec#: 32393] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Holtom N and Barraclough J. Is the Hospital Anxiety and 

Depression Scale (HADS) useful in assessing 

depression in palliative care? Palliat Med 

2000;14(3):219-20. [Rec#: 3302] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Homsi J, Walsh D, Nelson KA, LeGrand S, and Davis M. 

Methylphenidate for depression in hospice practice: a 

case series. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2000;17(6):393-8. 

[Rec#: 3310] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Homsi J, Walsh D, Nelson KA, Sarhill N, Rybicki L, 

Legrand SB, and Davis MP. A phase II study of 

hydrocodone for cough in advanced cancer. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2002;19(1):49-56. [Rec#: 3312] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Homsi J, Walsh D, Panta R, Lagman R, Nelson KA, and 

Longworth DL. Infectious complications of advanced 

cancer. Support Care Cancer 2000;8(6):487-92. 

[Rec#: 3313] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Honeybun J, Johnston M, and Tookman A. The impact of a 

death on fellow hospice patients. Br J Med Psychol 

92;65 ( Pt 1):67-72. [Rec#: 3315] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Hontela S and Reddon JR. Medical investigation in the 

elderly: the geriatrician's dilemma. J Palliat Care 

93;9(3):50-2. [Rec#: 3319] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hoogstraten J, Koele P, and van der Laan J. Templer's Death 

Anxiety Scale revisited: the Dutch version. Percept Mot 

Skills 98;87(3 Pt 2):1259-64. [Rec#: 3321] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hoover DR, Crystal S, Kumar R, Sambamoorthi U, and 

Cantor JC. Medical expenditures during the last year of 

life: findings from the 1992-1996 Medicare current 

beneficiary survey. Health Serv Res 

2002;37(6):1625-42. [Rec#: 3324] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hopkins KF and Tookman AJ. Rehabilitation and specialist 

palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs 2000;6(3):123-30. 

[Rec#: 12171] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hopkins V and Sutton L. Dementia in acute units: 

communication. Nurs Stand 94;9(4):25-6. 

[Rec#: 32407] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hopkinson JB and Hallett CE. Patients' perceptions of 

hospice day care: a phenomenological study. Int J Nurs 

Stud 2001;38(1):117-25. [Rec#: 3328] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hopkinson JB, Hallett CE, and Luker KA. Caring for dying 

people in hospital. J Adv Nurs 2003;44(5):525-33. 

[Rec#: 3329] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-112 

Hopkinson JB. The hidden benefit: the supportive function of 

the nursing handover for qualified nurses caring for 

dying people in hospital. J Clin Nurs 

2002;11(2):168-75. [Rec#: 12175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hopmeyer E and Werk A. A comparative study of family 

bereavement groups. Death Stud 94;18(3):243-56. 

[Rec#: 3330] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hopp FP and Duffy SA. Racial variations in end-of-life care. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(6):658-63. [Rec#: 3331] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Hopp, F. P. Preferences for surrogate decision makers, 

informal communication, and advance directives among 

community-dwelling elders: results from a national 

study. Gerontologist 2000;40(4):449-57. [Rec#: 50498] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hopwood P and Stephens RJ. Symptoms at presentation for 

treatment in patients with lung cancer: implications for 

the evaluation of palliative treatment. The Medical 

Research Council (MRC) Lung Cancer Working Party. 

Br J Cancer 95;71(3):633-6. [Rec#: 3333] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Hopwood P and Thatcher N. Preliminary experience with 

quality of life evaluation in patients with lung cancer. 

Oncology (Huntingt) 90;4(5):158-62; discussion 171. 

[Rec#: 32414] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Hopwood P. Quality of life assessment in chemotherapy 

trials for non-small cell lung cancer: are theory and 

practice significantly different? Semin Oncol 96;23(5 

Suppl 10):60-4. [Rec#: 32408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Hordern AJ and Currow DC. A patient-centred approach to 

sexuality in the face of life-limiting illness. Med J Aust 

2003;179(6 Suppl):S8-11. [Rec#: 3336] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Horowitz CR, Rein SB, and Leventhal H. A story of 

maladies, misconceptions and mishaps: effective 

management of heart failure. Soc Sci Med 

2004;58(3):631-43. [Rec#: 32416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Horowitz M, Sonneborn D, Sugahara C, and Maercker A. 

Self-regard: a new measure. Am J Psychiatry 

96;153(3):382-5. [Rec#: 3341] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Horowitz MJ, Siegel B, Holen A, Bonanno GA, Milbrath C, 

and Stinson CH. Diagnostic criteria for complicated 

grief disorder. Am J Psychiatry 97;154(7):904-10. 

Comment in: Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Sep;155(9):1305-6. 

PMID: 9734570. [Rec#: 3344] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Horton S. Imparting the knowledge of impending death to 

the intensive care patient who is unable to respond. 

Nurs Crit Care 96;1(5):250-3. [Rec#: 12186] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Horton S. Support for bereaved relatives in ICU. Prof Nurse 

95;10(9):568-70. [Rec#: 3348] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hosaka, T. and Sugiyama, Y. Structured intervention in 

family caregivers of the demented elderly and changes in 

their immune function. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 

2003;57(2):147-51. [Rec#: 50910] 

In abstract review process 

Hoskins LM, Walton-Moss B, Clark HM, Schroeder MA, 

and Thiel L Sr. Predictors of hospital readmission 

among the elderly with congestive heart failure. Home 

Healthc Nurse 99;17(6):373-81. [Rec#: 50041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hospitals cut CHF readmissions with benchmarking. Data 

Strateg Benchmarks 2000;4(4):49-53. [Rec#: 50042] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Houghton AR and Cowley AJ. Managing heart failure in a 

specialist clinic. J R Coll Physicians Lond 

97;31(3):276-9. [Rec#: 32426] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Houghton AR, Harrison M, Cowley AJ, and Hampton JR. 

Assessing exercise capacity, quality of life and 

haemodynamics in heart failure: do the tests tell us the 

same thing? Eur J Heart Fail 2002;4(3):289-95. 

[Rec#: 32428] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Houldin AD, McCorkle R, and Lowery BJ. Relaxation 

training and psychoimmunological status of bereaved 

spouses. A pilot study. Cancer Nurs 93;16(1):47-52. 

[Rec#: 3360] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Houston K, Petronis K, Denham K, and Kosier M. An 

interdisciplinary approach to inpatient palliative care. 

Continuum 95;15(6):9-16. [Rec#: 12206] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Houston SJ and Kendall JA. Psychosocial implications of 

lung cancer. Nurs Clin North Am 92;27(3):681-90. 

[Rec#: 32430] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-113 

Houtepen R and Hendrikx D. Nurses and the virtues of 

dealing with existential questions in terminal palliative 

care. Nurs Ethics 2003;10(4):377-87. [Rec#: 12207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Howarth G and Willison KB. Preventing crises in palliative 

care in the home. Role of family physicians and nurses. 

Can Fam Physician 95;41:439-45. [Rec#: 12217] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Howdyshell C. Complementary therapy: aromatherapy with 

massage for geriatric and hospice care--a call for an 

holistic approach. Hosp J 98;13(3):69-75. [Rec#: 3368] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Howe EG. Caring for patients with dementia: an indication 

for "emotional communism". J Clin Ethics 

98;9(1):3-11. Comment on: J Clin Ethics. 1998 

Spring;9(1):23-34. PMID: 9598430. Comment on: J 

Clin Ethics. 1998 Spring;9(1):71-80. PMID: 9598435. 

[Rec#: 32433] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Howe EG. Challenging patients' personal, cultural, and 

religious beliefs. J Clin Ethics 2002;13(4):259-73. 

[Rec#: 12218] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Howell D, Fitch MI, and Deane KA. Impact of ovarian 

cancer perceived by women. Cancer Nurs 

2003;26(1):1-9. Comment in: Evid Based Nurs. 2003 

Oct;6(4):126-7. PMID: 14577409. [Rec#: 3370] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Howland SC. Managing the Alzheimer's patient. Emerg 

Med Serv 2000;29(9):89-92. [Rec#: 32435] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hoyer T. Hospice and future of end-of-life care: approaches 

and funding ideas. J Palliat Med 2002;5(2):259-62. 

[Rec#: 12221] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hoyt RE and Bowling LS. Reducing readmissions for 

congestive heart failure. Am Fam Physician 

2001;63(8):1593-8. Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 

2001 Apr 15;63(8):1483-4, 1486. PMID: 11327425. 

Erratum in: Am Fam Physician 2002 Jan 15;65(2):172. 

[Rec#: 32436] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hsieh M, Auble TE, and Yealy DM. Evidence-based 

emergency medicine. Predicting the future: can this 

patient with acute congestive heart failure be safely 

discharged from the emergency department? Ann 

Emerg Med 2002;39(2):181-9. [Rec#: 32439] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hsu I. Optimal management of heart failure. J Am Pharm 

Assoc (Wash) 96;NS36(2):92-107. [Rec#: 32440] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Huang J, Boyd C, Tyldesley S, Zhang-Salomons J, Groome 

PA, and Mackillop WJ. Time spent in hospital in the 

last six months of life in patients who died of cancer in 

Ontario. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(6):1584-92. 

[Rec#: 3381] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Huang J, Zhou S, Groome P, Tyldesley S, Zhang-Solomans 

J, and Mackillop WJ. Factors affecting the use of 

palliative radiotherapy in Ontario. J Clin Oncol 

2001;19(1):137-44. [Rec#: 3382] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Huber R and Gibson JW. New evidence for anticipatory 

grief. Hosp J 90;6(1):49-67. [Rec#: 3387] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hudson JE. A profile of Canadian hospital-based palliative 

care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(3):35-41. 

[Rec#: 12229] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hudson P, Aranda S, and McMurray N. Intervention 

development for enhanced lay palliative caregiver 

support - the use of focus groups. Eur J Cancer Care 

(Engl) 2002;11(4):262-70. [Rec#: 3391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hudson P. Home-based support for palliative care families: 

challenges and recommendations. Med J Aust 

2003;179(6 Suppl):S35-7. [Rec#: 12232] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hudson P. Positive aspects and challenges associated with 

caring for a dying relative at home. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2004;10(2):58-65; discussion 65. [Rec#: 3390] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hudson P. The experience of research participation for 

family caregivers of palliative care cancer patients. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2003;9(3):120-3. [Rec#: 12230] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Huffman JL and Dunn GP. The paradox of hydration in 

advanced terminal illness. J Am Coll Surg 

2002;194(6):835-9. [Rec#: 12237] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hughes A, Wilcock A, Corcoran R, Lucas V, and King A. 

Audit of three antimuscarinic drugs for managing 

retained secretions. Palliat Med 2000;14(3):221-2. 

[Rec#: 12239] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-114 

Hughes DL and Singer PA. Family physicians' attitudes 

toward advance directives. CMAJ 92;146(11):1937-44. 

[Rec#: 41569] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hughes KM, Broznick BA, Hughes M, Miller SL, and 

Gonzalez L 3rd. Providing comprehensive palliative 

care through organ donation. Transplant Proc 

2001;33(4):2545-8. [Rec#: 12240] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hughes R, Aspinal F, Addington-Hall J, Chidgey J, Drescher 

U, Dunckley M, and Higginson IJ. Professionals' views 

and experiences of using outcome measures in palliative 

care. Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(6):234-8. [Rec#: 12242] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Hughes R, Higginson IJ, Addington-Hall J, Aspinal F, 

Thompson M, and Dunckley M. Project to impROve 

management of terminal illnEss (PROMOTE). J 

Interprof Care 2001;15(4):398-9. [Rec#: 12243] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Huguier M, Houry S, and Lacaine F. Is the follow-up of 

patients operated on for gastric carcinoma of benefit to 

the patient? Hepatogastroenterology 92;39(1):14-6. 

[Rec#: 3405] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Huijer M and Widdershoven G. Desires in palliative 

medicine. Five models of the physician-patient 

interaction on palliative treatments related to Hellenistic 

therapies of desires. Ethical Theory Moral Pract 

2001;4(2):143-59. [Rec#: 3408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hull MM. Coping strategies of family caregivers in hospice 

homecare. Oncol Nurs Forum 92;19(8):1179-87. 

[Rec#: 3411] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Hull MM. Hospice nurses. Caring support for caregiving 

families. Cancer Nurs 91;14(2):63-70. [Rec#: 3412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hull MM. Sources of stress for hospice caregiving families. 

Hosp J 90;6(2):29-54. [Rec#: 3413] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hulsman, R. L., Ros, W. J., Winnubst, J. A., and Bensing, J. 

M. Teaching clinically experienced physicians 

communication skills. A review of evaluation studies. 

Med Educ 99;33(9):655-68. [Rec#: 50136] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Humana CHF program cuts costs, admissions. Healthc 

Benchmarks 98;5(12):173-5. [Rec#: 32460] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Humble, C. G., Samet, J. M., and Skipper, B. E. Comparison 

of self- and surrogate-reported dietary information. Am 

J Epidemiol 84;119(1):86-98. [Rec#: 50871] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hume SK. Support in a time of need. The team approach at 

Mercy Medical Hospice addresses medical, emotional, 

and spiritual needs. Health Prog 91;72(7):40-5, 54. 

[Rec#: 12251] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hunsucker SC, Frank DI, and Flannery J. Meeting the needs 

of rural families during critical illness: the APN's role. 

Dimens Crit Care Nurs 99;18(3):24-32. [Rec#: 41579] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hunt J, Cobb M, Keeley VL, and Ahmedzai SH. The quality 

of spiritual care--developing a standard. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2003;9(5):208-15. [Rec#: 12252] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hunt M. Being friendly and informal: reflected in nurses', 

terminally ill patients' and relatives' conversations at 

home. J Adv Nurs 91;16(8):929-38. [Rec#: 41584] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hunt R and McCaul K. A population-based study of the 

coverage of cancer patients by hospice services. Palliat 

Med 96;10(1):5-12. [Rec#: 3424] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Hunt R and McCaul K. Coverage of cancer patients by 

hospice services, South Australia, 1990 to 1993. Aust N 

Z J Public Health 98;22(1):45-8. [Rec#: 3423] 

In abstract review process 

Hunt R, Bonett A, and Roder D. Trends in the terminal care 

of cancer patients: South Australia, 1981-1990. Aust N 

Z J Med 93;23(3):245-51. Comment in: Aust N Z J 

Med. 1993 Jun;23(3):239-41. PMID: 7688952. 

[Rec#: 3421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Hunt RW, Bond MJ, Groth RK, and King PM. Place of death 

in South Australia. Patterns from 1910 to 1987. Med J 

Aust 91;155(8):549-53. [Rec#: 12257] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Hunt RW, Fazekas BS, Luke CG, Priest KR, and Roder DM. 

The coverage of cancer patients by designated palliative 

services: a population-based study, South Australia, 

1999. Palliat Med 2002;16(5):403-9. [Rec#: 3425] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-115 

Hunt RW, Radford AJ, Maddocks I, Dunsmore E, and 

Badcock KA. The community care of terminally ill 

patients. Aust Fam Physician 90;19(12):1835-41. 

[Rec#: 12258] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, Cinquegrani MP, Feldman 

AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Goldstein S, Gregoratos 

G, Jessup ML, Noble RJ, Packer M, Silver MA, 

Stevenson LW, Gibbons RJ, Antman EM, Alpert JS, 

Faxon DP, Fuster V, Jacobs AK, Hiratzka LF, Russell 

RO, Smith SC Jr, and American College of 

Cardiology/American Heart Association. ACC/AHA 

guidelines for the evaluation and management of 

chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary. A 

report of the American College of Cardiology/American 

Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines 

(Committee to revise the 1995 Guidelines for the 

Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am 

Coll Cardiol 2001;38(7):2101-13. [Rec#: 32466] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, Cinquegrani MP, 

Feldmanmd AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Goldstein S, 

Gregoratos G, Jessup ML, Noble RJ, Packer M, Silver 

MA, Stevenson LW, Gibbons RJ, Antman EM, Alpert 

JS, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gregoratos G, Jacobs AK, 

Hiratzka LF, Russell RO, Smith SC Jr, American 

College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 

Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to 

Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and 

Management of Heart Failure)., International Society 

for Heart and Lung Transplantation., and Heart Failure 

Society of America. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the 

Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in 

the Adult: Executive Summary A Report of the 

American College of Cardiology/American Heart 

Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines 

(Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the 

Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): 

Developed in Collaboration With the International 

Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; Endorsed 

by the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation 

2001;104(24):2996-3007. [Rec#: 32467] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hunt, S. M., McKenna, S. P., McEwen, J., Williams, J., and 

Papp, E. The Nottingham Health Profile: subjective 

health status and medical consultations. Soc Sci Med 

[A] 81;15(3 Pt 1):221-9. [Rec#: 50872] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hunter KA, Florio ER, and Langberg RG. Pharmaceutical 

care for home-dwelling elderly persons: a determination 

of need and program description. Gerontologist 

96;36(4):543-8. [Rec#: 41586] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hunter R, McGill L, Bosanquet N, and Johnson N. 

Alzheimer's disease in the United Kingdom: developing 

patient and carer support strategies to encourage care in 

the community. Qual Health Care 97;6(3):146-52. 

[Rec#: 41587] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hupcey JE and Zimmerman HE. The need to know: 

experiences of critically ill patients. Am J Crit Care 

2000;9(3):192-8. [Rec#: 41591] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hupcey JE. Feeling safe: the psychosocial needs of ICU 

patients. J Nurs Scholarsh 2000;32(4):361-7. 

[Rec#: 41589] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hupcey JE. The meaning of social support for the critically 

ill patient. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2001;17(4):206-12. 

[Rec#: 41590] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Huppert FA and Garcia AW. Qualitative differences in 

psychiatric symptoms between high risk groups 

assessed on a screening test (GHQ-30). Soc Psychiatry 

Psychiatr Epidemiol 91;26(6):252-8. [Rec#: 41592] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hurley AC, Bottino R, and Volicer L. Nursing role in 

advance proxy planning for Alzheimer patients. Caring 

94;13(8):72-6. [Rec#: 3435] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hurley AC, Volicer B, Mahoney MA, and Volicer L. 

Palliative fever management in Alzheimer patients. 

quality plus fiscal responsibility. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 

93;16(1):21-32. [Rec#: 3436] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Hurley AC, Volicer BJ, and Volicer L. Effect of 

fever-management strategy on the progression of 

dementia of the Alzheimer type. Alzheimer Dis Assoc 

Disord 96;10(1):5-10. Comment in: Alzheimer Dis 

Assoc Disord. 1996 Spring;10(1):3-4. PMID: 8919490. 

[Rec#: 3437] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Hurley AC, Volicer L, Rempusheski VF, and Fry ST. 

Reaching consensus: the process of recommending 

treatment decisions for Alzheimer's patients. ANS Adv 

Nurs Sci 95;18(2):33-43. [Rec#: 12262] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hurley, A. C., Volicer, L., and Blasi, Z. V. End-of-life care 

for patients with advanced dementia. JAMA 

2000;284(19):2449-50. [Rec#: 50501] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-116 

Hurny C, Bernhard J, Joss R, Schatzmann E, Cavalli F, 

Brunner K, Alberto P, Senn HJ, and Metzger U. 

"Fatigue and malaise" as a quality-of-life indicator in 

small-cell lung cancer patients. The Swiss Group for 

Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK). Support Care 

Cancer 93;1(6):316-20. Comment in: Support Care 

Cancer. 1993 Nov;1(6):285-6. PMID: 8156244. 

[Rec#: 32468] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hurny C, Bernhard J, Joss R, Willems Y, Cavalli F, Kiser J, 

Brunner K, Favre S, Alberto P, Glaus A, and et al. 

Feasibility of quality of life assessment in a randomized 

phase III trial of small cell lung cancer--a lesson from 

the real world--the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer 

Research SAKK. Ann Oncol 92;3(10):825-31. 

Comment in: Ann Oncol. 1993 Jun;4(6):520. PMID: 

8353096. [Rec#: 32469] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Husaini BA, Sherkat DE, Moonis M, Levine R, Holzer C, 

and Cain VA. Racial differences in the diagnosis of 

dementia and in its effects on the use and costs of health 

care services. Psychiatr Serv 2003;54(1):92-6. 

Comment in: Psychiatr Serv. 2003 Apr;54(4):574-5; 

author reply 575. PMID: 12663852. [Rec#: 32471] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Huskamp HA, Buntin MB, Wang V, and Newhouse JP. 

Providing care at the end of life: do Medicare rules 

impede good care? Health Aff (Millwood) 

2001;20(3):204-11. [Rec#: 12267] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Hutchison RR and Quartaro EG. High-risk vulnerable 

populations and volunteers: a model of education and 

service collaboration. J Community Health Nurs 

95;12(2):111-9. [Rec#: 41596] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Hutt E, Frederickson E, Ecord M, and Kramer AM. 

Associations among processes and outcomes of care for 

Medicare nursing home residents with acute heart 

failure. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003;4(4):195-9. 

Comment in: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2003 

Jul-Aug;4(4):220-1. PMID: 12855917. [Rec#: 41597] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Hutt E, Frederickson E, Ecord M, and Kramer AM. 

Associations among processes and outcomes of care for 

Medicare nursing home residents with acute heart failure. 

J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003;4(4):195-9. Comment in: J 

Am Med Dir Assoc. 2003 Jul-Aug;4(4):220-1. PMID: 

12855917. [Rec#: 50043] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Hwang JP, Tsai SJ, Yang CH, Liu KM, and Lirng JF. 

Persecutory delusions in dementia. J Clin Psychiatry 

99;60(8):550-3. [Rec#: 32482] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hybels CF, Blazer DG, and Pieper CF. Toward a threshold 

for subthreshold depression: an analysis of correlates of 

depression by severity of symptoms using data from an 

elderly community sample. Gerontologist 

2001;41(3):357-65. [Rec#: 41600] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hyman RB and Bulkin W. Physician reported incentives and 

disincentives for referring patients to hospice. Hosp J 

90;6(4):39-64. [Rec#: 3450] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Hyodo I, Eguchi K, Takigawa N, Segawa Y, Hosokawa Y, 

Kamejima K, and Inoue R. Psychological impact of 

informed consent in hospitalized cancer patients. A 

sequential study of anxiety and depression using the 

hospital anxiety and depression scale. Support Care 

Cancer 99;7(6):396-9. [Rec#: 32485] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Hyrkas K, Kaunonen M, and Paunonen M. Recovering from 

the death of a spouse. J Adv Nurs 97;25(4):775-9. 

[Rec#: 3454] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

IASLC workshop on improving quality of life and the 

supportive management of patients with lung cancer. 

Cape Town, South Africa 9-11 September 1993. Lung 

Cancer 94;10(5-6):375-80. [Rec#: 32488] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ibrahim SA, Kwoh CK, Harper DL, and Baker DW. Racial 

differences in the utilization of oral anticoagulant 

therapy in heart failure: a study of elderly hospitalized 

patients. J Gen Intern Med 2000;15(2):134-7. 

[Rec#: 32490] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ickovics JR, Druley JA, Morrill AC, Grigorenko E, and 

Rodin J. "A grief observed": the experience of 

HIV-related illness and death among women in a 

clinic-based sample in New Haven, Connecticut. J 

Consult Clin Psychol 98;66(6):958-66. [Rec#: 3458] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Idler EL, Kasl SV, and Hays JC. Patterns of religious 

practice and belief in the last year of life. J Gerontol B 

Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2001;56(6):S326-34. [Rec#: 3459] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Iezzoni LI, Henderson MG, Bergman A, and Drews RE. 

Purpose of admission and resource use during cancer 

hospitalizations. Health Care Financ Rev 

91;13(2):29-40. [Rec#: 3460] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Igoe D, Keogh F, and McNamara C. A survey of Irish 

palliative care services. Ir J Med Sci 97;166(4):206-11. 

[Rec#: 3461] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-117 

Ikonomidis S and Singer PA. Autonomy, liberalism and 

advance care planning. J Med Ethics 99;25(6):522-7. 

[Rec#: 12291] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Iliescu EA, Coo H, McMurray MH, Meers CL, Quinn MM, 

Singer MA, and Hopman WM. Quality of sleep and 

health-related quality of life in haemodialysis patients. 

Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18(1):126-32. Comment 

in: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Sep;18(9):1947-8; 

author reply 1948. PMID: 12937259. [Rec#: 32509] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

In your practice, what experiences of patients and family 

members could be classified as "a good death" or a 

positive process of dying? J Gerontol Nurs 

98;24(7):47-52. [Rec#: 12299] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Incalzi RA, Pedone C, Pahor M, Carosella L, Bernabei R, 

Carbonin P, and GIFA Investigators. Reasons 

prompting digitalis therapy in the acute care hospital. J 

Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56(6):M361-5. 

[Rec#: 32518] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Indridason OS, Coffman CJ, and Oddone EZ. Is specialty 

care associated with improved survival of patients with 

congestive heart failure? Am Heart J 

2003;145(2):300-9. Comment in: Am Heart J. 2003 

Feb;145(2):209-13. PMID: 12595835. [Rec#: 32521] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Infeld DL, Crum GE, and Koshuta MA. Characteristics of 

patients in a long-term care hospice setting. Hosp J 

90;6(4):81-104. [Rec#: 3472] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ingham JM and Foley KM. Pain and the barriers to its relief 

at the end of life: a lesson for improving end of life 

health care. Hosp J 98;13(1-2):89-100. [Rec#: 12305] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Ingleton C and Faulkner A. Quality assurance in palliative 

care: some of the problems. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

95;4(1):38-44. [Rec#: 12307] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ingleton C and Seymour JE. Analysing qualitative data: 

examples from two studies of end-of-life care. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2001;7(5):227-33. [Rec#: 12308] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ingleton C, Skilbeck J, and Clark D. Needs assessment for 

palliative care: three projects compared. Palliat Med 

2001;15(5):398-404. [Rec#: 12309] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Inouye SK, Foreman MD, Mion LC, Katz KH, and Cooney 

LM Jr. Nurses' recognition of delirium and its 

symptoms: comparison of nurse and researcher ratings. 

Arch Intern Med 2001;161(20):2467-73. [Rec#: 32526] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Inpatient intervention slashes risk of re-hospitalization in 

CHF patients. Dis Manag Advis 2004;10(1):4-6, 1. 

[Rec#: 50044] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Inzeo D and Tyson L. Nursing assessment and management 

of dyspneic patients with lung cancer. Clin J Oncol 

Nurs 2003;7(3):332-3. [Rec#: 32529] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ip SP, Leung YF, Ip CY, and Mak WP. Outcomes of 

critically ill elderly patients: is high-dependency care 

for geriatric patients worthwhile? Crit Care Med 

99;27(11):2351-7. Comment in: Crit Care Med. 1999 

Nov;27(11):2570-1. PMID: 10579283. [Rec#: 41615] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Irvine B. Developments in palliative nursing in and out of the 

hospital setting. Br J Nurs 93;2(4):218-24. 

[Rec#: 12320] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Isaksson R, Soderfeldt B, and Nederfors T. Oral treatment 

need and oral treatment intention in a population 

enrolled in long-term care in nursing homes and home 

care. Acta Odontol Scand 2003;61(1):11-8. 

[Rec#: 41622] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Iserson KV and Stocking C. Standards and limits: emergency 

physicians' attitude toward prehospital resuscitation. 

Am J Emerg Med 93;11(6):592-4. [Rec#: 41624] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Iserson KV. Foregoing prehospital care: should ambulance 

staff always resuscitate? J Med Ethics 91;17(1):19-24. 

Comment in: J Med Ethics. 1991 Mar;17(1):3-4. PMID: 

2033627. [Rec#: 41623] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ishii H, Tokunaga Y, Kawatani D, and Nishizono M. Clinical 

features of pathological grief reaction in elderly 

patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 98;52(6):571-6. 

[Rec#: 3492] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Ishizaki J, Meguro K, Ohe K, Kimura E, Tsuchiya E, Ishii H, 

Sekita Y, and Yamadori A. Therapeutic psychosocial 

intervention for elderly subjects with very mild 

Alzheimer disease in a community: the tajiri project. 

Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2002;16(4):261-9. 

[Rec#: 32557] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-118 

Iverson RJ. The silent crisis: women and the need for 

long-term care insurance. Part 2. Caring 

2003;22(11):32-6, 38. [Rec#: 41628] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Iwase M, Takemi T, Manabe M, and Nagumo M. 

Hypercalcemic complication in patients with oral 

squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 

2003;32(2):174-80. [Rec#: 3504] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Iwashyna TJ and Chang VW. Racial and ethnic differences 

in place of death: United States, 1993. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 2002;50(6):1113-7. [Rec#: 41629] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Iwashyna TJ, Zhang JX, and Christakis NA. Disease-specific 

patterns of hospice and related healthcare use in an 

incidence cohort of seriously ill elderly patients. J 

Palliat Med 2002;5(4):531-8. [Rec#: 3506] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Iwashyna, T. J. and Chang, V. W. Racial and ethnic 

differences in place od death: United States, 1993. 

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

2002;50:1113-1117. [Rec#: 50503] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Izquierdo-Porrera AM, Trelis-Navarro J, and Gomez-Batiste 

X. Predicting place of death of elderly cancer patients 

followed by a palliative care unit. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2001;21(6):481-90. [Rec#: 3509] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Jaarsma T and Leventhal M. End-of-life issues in cardiac 

patients and their families. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 

2002;1(4):223-5. [Rec#: 12334] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jaarsma T and Stromberg A. Heart failure clinics in Europe. 

Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 2000;15(2):67-8. [Rec#: 32584] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jaarsma T and van Veldhuisen DJ. The optimal "dose" of 

disease management programs in HF. J Am Coll 

Cardiol 2002;39(12):2080-1. [Rec#: 50046] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jaarsma T, Halfens R, Abu-Saad HH, Dracup K, Stappers J, 

and van Ree J. Quality of life in older patients with 

systolic and diastolic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 

99;1(2):151-60. [Rec#: 32581] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jaarsma T, Halfens RJ, and Huijer-Abu Saad H. Readmission 

of older heart failure patients. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 

96;11(1):15-20. [Rec#: 50045] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jaarsma T, van Veldhuisen DJ, and van der Wal MH. 

NHF-COACH multicenter trial in The Netherlands: 

searching for underlying potentially beneficial 

mechanisms in nurse led heart failure management. 

Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 2002;17(2):96-8. [Rec#: 32585] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jaarsma T. Are women different than men? Aspects of heart 

failure in special populations: elderly women. Eur J 

Cardiovasc Nurs 2002;1(1):29-31. [Rec#: 32577] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jack B, Ellershaw JE, and Murphy D. A comparison of 

cancer patients and nurse specialist's 

symptom-assessment scores, in an acute hospital. Eur J 

Oncol Nurs 2003;7(2):130-1. [Rec#: 12335] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jack B, Oldham J, and Williams A. A stakeholder evaluation 

of the impact of the palliative care clinical nurse 

specialist upon doctors and nurses, within an acute 

hospital setting. Palliat Med 2003;17(3):283-8. 

[Rec#: 12337] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jack B, Oldham J, and Williams A. Do hospital-based 

palliative care clinical nurse specialists de-skill general 

staff? Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(7):336-40. 

[Rec#: 12336] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jack BA, Gambles M, Murphy D, and Ellershaw JE. Nurses' 

perceptions of the Liverpool Care Pathway for the dying 

patient in the acute hospital setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2003;9(9):375-81. [Rec#: 12338] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Jack CM, Penny L, and Nazar W. Effective palliative care 

for minority ethnic groups: the role of a liaison worker. 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(8):375-80. [Rec#: 3512] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jack, B., Oldham, J., and Williams, A. Impact of the 

palliative care clinical nurse specialist on patients and 

relatives: a stakeholder evaluation. European Journal of 

Oncology Nursing 2002;6(4):236-42. [Rec#: 50504] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jackson I. A study of bereavement in an intensive therapy 

unit. Nurs Crit Care 98;3(3):141-50. [Rec#: 3516] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Jackson I. Bereavement follow-up service in intensive care. 

Intensive Crit Care Nurs 92;8(3):163-8. [Rec#: 12344] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-119 

Jackson I. Critical care nurses' perception of a bereavement 

follow-up service. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 

96;12(1):2-11. [Rec#: 3515] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jackson JC, Hart RP, Gordon SM, Shintani A, Truman B, 

May L, and Ely EW. Six-month neuropsychological 

outcome of medical intensive care unit patients. Crit 

Care Med 2003;31(4):1226-34. [Rec#: 41632] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jackson K and Lipman A. Drug therapy for anxiety in 

palliative care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 

2004;1:CD004596. [Rec#: 3517] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Jackson LD. The role of medications in treating the 

behavioural disturbances of dementia sufferers. 

Perspectives 95;19(3):9-22. [Rec#: 32586] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jackson MA. Peripheral infusion of Diazemuls. Hosp Med 

2000;61(6):412-6. [Rec#: 3518] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jackson WC and Tavernier L. Olanzapine for intractable 

nausea in palliative care patients. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(2):251-5. [Rec#: 3521] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Jackson WC. When All Else Is Done: The Challenge of 

Improving Antemortem Care. Prim Care Companion J 

Clin Psychiatry 99;1(5):146-153. [Rec#: 3520] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jackson-Siegal JM and Siegal AP. Improving elderly patient 

outcomes: anticonvulsants in agitation. Geriatrics 

2002;57(9):suppl 5-8. [Rec#: 32587] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jacob MJ, Markstein C, Liesse MM, and Deckers C. What 

about odor in terminal cancer? J Palliat Care 

91;7(4):31-4. [Rec#: 3523] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jacob SR and Scandrett-Hibdon S. Mothers grieving the 

death of a child. Case reports of maternal grief. Nurse 

Pract 94;19(7):60-5. [Rec#: 3526] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Jacob SR. An analysis of the concept of grief. J Adv Nurs 

93;18(11):1787-94. Comment in: J Adv Nurs. 1996 

May;23(5):1055-7. PMID: 8732536. [Rec#: 3524] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jacobs JR and Bovasso GB. Early and chronic stress and 

their relation to breast cancer. Psychol Med 

2000;30(3):669-78. Comment in: Psychol Med. 2001 

Apr;31(3):565-8. PMID: 11305865. [Rec#: 3528] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jacobs LG, Bonuck K, Burton W, and Mulvihill M. Hospital 

care at the end of life: an institutional assessment. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24(3):291-8. [Rec#: 3531] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Jacobs S and Prigerson H. Psychotherapy of traumatic grief: 

a review of evidence for psychotherapeutic treatments. 

Death Stud 2000;24(6):479-95. [Rec#: 3537] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jacobs S, Kasl S, Schaefer C, and Ostfeld A. Conscious and 

unconscious coping with loss. Psychosom Med 

94;56(6):557-63. [Rec#: 3535] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Jacobs S, Mazure C, and Prigerson H. Diagnostic criteria for 

traumatic grief. Death Stud 2000;24(3):185-99. 

[Rec#: 3536] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jacobson JA, Francis LP, Battin MP, Green GJ, Grammes C, 

VanRiper J, and Gully J. Dialogue to action: lessons 

learned from some family members of deceased patients 

at an interactive program in seven Utah hospitals. J 

Clin Ethics 97;8(4):359-71. [Rec#: 12349] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jacox, A., Carr, D. B., Payne, R. Management of Cancer 

Pain: Clinical Practice Guideline, No. 9. 1994;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50505] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jacquelinet C, Burgun A, Djabbour S, Delamarre D, Clerc P, 

Boutin B, and Le Beux P. A contextual coding system 

for transplantation and end stage diseases. Stud Health 

Technol Inform 2003;95:457-62. [Rec#: 12353] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jadad, A. R. and Browman, G. P. The WHO analgesic ladder 

for cancer pain management. Stepping up the quality of 

its evaluation. JAMA 95;274(23):1870-3. 

[Rec#: 50137] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

James CR and Macleod RD. The problematic nature of 

education in palliative care. J Palliat Care 93;9(4):5-10. 

[Rec#: 12358] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jamison RN. Comprehensive pretreatment and outcome 

assessment for chronic opioid therapy in nonmalignant 

pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 96;11(4):231-41. 

[Rec#: 12370] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-120 

Jang Y, Haley WE, Small BJ, and Mortimer JA. The role of 

mastery and social resources in the associations between 

disability and depression in later life. Gerontologist 

2002;42(6):807-13. [Rec#: 41643] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Janhonen S and Sarja A. Data analysis method for evaluating 

dialogic learning. Nurse Educ Today 

2000;20(2):106-15. [Rec#: 41644] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jansen LA and Sulmasy DP. Proportionality, terminal 

suffering and the restorative goals of medicine. Theor 

Med Bioeth 2002;23(4-5):321-37. [Rec#: 12377] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Janson LJ and Sloan JA. Determinants of the grief 

experience of survivors. J Palliat Care 91;7(4):51-6. 

[Rec#: 12378] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Janson LK, Dudgeon D, Nelson F, Henteleff P, and 

Balneaves L. Evaluation of an interdisciplinary training 

program in palliative care: addressing the needs of rural 

and northern communities. J Palliat Care 97;13(3):5-12. 

[Rec#: 12379] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Janssens JP and Krause KH. Pneumonia in the very old. 

Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4(2):112-24. [Rec#: 3564] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Janssens R and Gordijn B. Clinical trials in palliative care: an 

ethical evaluation. Patient Educ Couns 

2000;41(1):55-62. [Rec#: 12380] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Janzen W. Long-term care for older adults. The role of the 

family. J Gerontol Nurs 2001;27(2):36-43; quiz 54-5. 

[Rec#: 41646] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jarrett N, Payne S, Turner P, and Hillier R. 'Someone to talk 

to' and 'pain control': what people expect from a 

specialist palliative care team. Palliat Med 

99;13(2):139-44. [Rec#: 12384] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Jarrett NJ, Payne SA, and Wiles RA. Terminally ill patients' 

and lay-carers' perceptions and experiences of 

community-based services. J Adv Nurs 

99;29(2):476-83. [Rec#: 3567] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Jarrett PG, Rockwood K, Carver D, Stolee P, and Cosway S. 

Illness presentation in elderly patients. Arch Intern Med 

95;155(10):1060-4. [Rec#: 41649] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jarvis H, Burge FI, and Scott CA. Evaluating a palliative 

care program: methodology and limitations. J Palliat 

Care 96;12(2):23-33. [Rec#: 12385] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jaslow D, Barbera JA, Johnson E, and Moore W. 

Termination of nontraumatic cardiac arrest resuscitative 

efforts in the field: a national survey. Acad Emerg Med 

97;4(9):904-7. [Rec#: 3569] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jatoi A, Kumar S, Sloan JA, and Nguyen PL. On appetite 

and its loss. J Clin Oncol 2000;18(15):2930-2. 

Comment in: J Clin Oncol. 2001 Jan 15;19(2):594-5. 

PMID: 11208857. [Rec#: 12386] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Jay P. Relatives caring for the terminally ill. Nurs Stand 

90;5(5):30-2. [Rec#: 12387] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jayes RL, Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, Draper EA, and 

Knaus WA. Do-not-resuscitate orders in intensive care 

units. Current practices and recent changes. JAMA 

93;270(18):2213-7. [Rec#: 41653] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

JCAHO and NPC (National Pharmaceutical council). Pain: 

Current Understanding of Assessment, Management, 

and Treatments. 2001;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50839] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Jecker NS and Schneiderman LJ. Is dying young worse than 

dying old? Gerontologist 94;34(1):66-72. 

[Rec#: 12392] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jecker NS and Schneiderman LJ. When families request that 

'everything possible' be done. J Med Philos 

95;20(2):145-63. [Rec#: 3574] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jecker NS. Medical futility and care of dying patients. West 

J Med 95;163(3):287-91. [Rec#: 12391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Jeffers SL. Stages of grief. Fact or fiction? Kans Nurse 

2001;76(7):9-10. [Rec#: 12393] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jeffery P and Millard PH. An ethical framework for clinical 

decision-making at the end of life. J R Soc Med 

97;90(9):504-6. [Rec#: 12394] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jeffrey D. Appropriate palliative care: when does it begin? 

Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 95;4(3):122-6. [Rec#: 12395] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-121 

Jelicic M and Kempen GI. Cognitive function in 

community-dwelling elderly with chronic medical 

conditions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 97;12(10):1039-41. 

[Rec#: 41658] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jenkins CL. Care arrangement choices for older widows: 

decision participants' perspectives. J Women Aging 

2003;15(2-3):127-43; discussion 185-7. [Rec#: 41659] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jenkins CL. Resource effects on access to long-term care for 

frail older people. J Aging Soc Policy 

2001;13(4):35-52. [Rec#: 41660] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jenkins, V. and Fallowfield, L. Can communication skills 

training alter physicians' beliefs and behavior in clinics? 

Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002;20(3):765-9. 

[Rec#: 50506] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jennings AL and Naysmith A. An audit of long-stay patients 

in an inner city palliative care centre. Palliat Med 

99;13(4):349-52. [Rec#: 3583] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jennings AL, Davies AN, Higgins JP, and Broadley K. 

Opioids for the palliation of breathlessness in terminal 

illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 

2001;(4):CD002066. [Rec#: 12399] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jennings B. Hospice and Alzheimer disease: a study in 

access and simple justice. Hastings Cent Rep 

2003;Suppl:S24-6. [Rec#: 12404] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jennings B. Individual rights and the human good in hospice. 

Hosp J 97;12(2):1-7. [Rec#: 12405] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jennings, A. L., Davies, A. N., higgins, J. P., Gibbs, J. S., 

and Broadley, K. E. Review: oral or parenteral opoids 

alleviate dyspnea in palliative care. ACP Journal Club 

and Best Evidence 2003;138(3):72. [Rec#: 50507] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jensen E, Dehlin O, Hagberg B, Samuelsson G, and 

Svensson T. Medical, psychological, and sociological 

aspects of drug treatment in 80-year-olds. Z Gerontol 

94;27(2):140-4. [Rec#: 41661] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jensen R. Cross-cultural perspectives in palliative care. J 

Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2003;17(3-4):223-9. 

[Rec#: 3589] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jepson J. Do not attempt resuscitation decisions: the nursing 

role. Br J Nurs 2003;12(17):1038-42. [Rec#: 41665] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jett K. Making the connection: seeking and receiving help by 

elderly African Americans. Qual Health Res 

2002;12(3):373-87. [Rec#: 41667] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jett LG. Comfort at the end of life: palliative care policy. J 

Nurs Adm 95;25(11):55-60. [Rec#: 12407] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jewett MA, Khakpour G, and Moore MJ. Supportive care is 

not the only option in prostate cancer patients resistant 

to hormone therapy: the argument against. Eur Urol 

96;29 Suppl 2:45-8. [Rec#: 12412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Jezewski MA and Finnell DS. The meaning of DNR status: 

oncology nurses' experiences with patients and families. 

Cancer Nurs 98;21(3):212-21. [Rec#: 3599] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Jezewski MA, Meeker MA, and Schrader M. Voices of 

oncology nurses: What is needed to assist patients with 

advance directives. Cancer Nurs 2003;26(2):105-12. 

[Rec#: 3600] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jezewski MA, Scherer Y, Miller C, and Battista E. 

Consenting to DNR: critical care nurses' interactions 

with patients and family members. Am J Crit Care 

93;2(4):302-9. [Rec#: 3601] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Jezewski MA. Do-not-resuscitate status: conflict and culture 

brokering in critical care units. Heart Lung 

94;23(6):458-65. [Rec#: 3598] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jezewski MA. Obtaining consent for do-not-resuscitate 

status: advice from experienced nurses. Nurs Outlook 

96;44(3):114-9. [Rec#: 41668] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Joffrion LP and Douglas D. Grief resolution: facilitating 

self-transcendence in the bereaved. J Psychosoc Nurs 

Ment Health Serv 94;32(3):13-9. [Rec#: 12416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Johansen C and Olsen JH. Psychological stress, cancer 

incidence and mortality from non-malignant diseases. 

Br J Cancer 97;75(1):144-8. [Rec#: 12418] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Johanson JF, Irizarry F, and Doughty A. Risk factors for 

fecal incontinence in a nursing home population. J Clin 

Gastroenterol 97;24(3):156-60. [Rec#: 41669] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-122 

Johansson A, Dahlberg K, and Ekebergh M. Living with 

experiences following a myocardial infarction. Eur J 

Cardiovasc Nurs 2003;2(3):229-36. [Rec#: 12421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Johnson A and Bourgeois S. Essence of caring for a person 

dying. Nurs Health Sci 2003;5(2):133-8. [Rec#: 12430] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Johnson AS. Palliative care in the home? J Palliat Care 

95;11(2):42-4. [Rec#: 12431] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Johnson CB and Slaninka SC. Barriers to accessing hospice 

services before a late terminal stage. Death Stud 

99;23(3):225-38. [Rec#: 12434] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Johnson CB. Hospice: what gets in the way of appropriate 

and timely access. Holist Nurs Pract 98;13(1):8-21. 

[Rec#: 12433] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Johnson CS. Nutritional considerations for bereavement and 

coping with grief. J Nutr Health Aging 

2002;6(3):171-6. [Rec#: 3616] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Johnson DC, Kassner CT, and Kutner JS. Current use of 

guidelines, protocols, and care pathways for symptom 

management in hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2004;21(1):51-7. [Rec#: 3617] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Johnson DC, Kassner CT, and Kutner JS. Current use of 

guidelines, protocols, and care pathways for symptom 

management in hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2004;21(1):51-7. [Rec#: 41673] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Johnson DR and Maggiore WA. Resuscitation decision 

making by New Mexico emergency medical 

technicians. Am J Emerg Med 93;11(2):139-42. 

[Rec#: 41674] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Johnson IS, Rogers C, Biswas B, and Ahmedzai S. What do 

hospices do? A survey of hospices in the United 

Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. BMJ 

90;300(6727):791-3. Comment in: BMJ. 1990 May 

5;300(6733):1194-5. PMID: 1693302. [Rec#: 12441] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Johnson JR and Miller AJ. The efficacy of choline 

magnesium trisalicylate (CMT) in the management of 

metastatic bone pain: a pilot study. Palliat Med 

94;8(2):129-35. [Rec#: 3619] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Johnson K, Cheema K, Ferris J, and Wasnick J. A wellness 

approach to bereavement support. Can Nurse 

2002;98(9):18-21. [Rec#: 12445] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Johnson LC, Murphy SA, and Dimond M. Reliability, 

construct validity, and subscale norms of the Brief 

Symptom Inventory when administered to bereaved 

parents. J Nurs Meas 96;4(2):117-27. [Rec#: 3621] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Johnson LE, Dooley PA, and Gleick JB. Oral nutritional 

supplement use in elderly nursing home patients. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 93;41(9):947-52. [Rec#: 41675] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Johnson M and Moore S. Research into practice: the reality 

of implementing a non-pharmacological breathlessness 

intervention into clinical practice. Eur J Oncol Nurs 

2003;7(1):33-8. [Rec#: 12447] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Johnson MF and Kramer AM. Physicians' responses to 

clinical scenarios involving life-threatening illness vary 

by patients' age. J Clin Ethics 2000;11(4):323-7. 

Comment in: J Clin Ethics. 2000 Winter;11(4):328-33. 

PMID: 11252916. [Rec#: 3623] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Johnson MJ and Sherry K. How do palliative physicians 

manage venous thromboembolism? Palliat Med 

97;11(6):462-8. [Rec#: 12449] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Johnson MJ. Problems of anticoagulation within a palliative 

care setting: an audit of hospice patients taking 

warfarin. Palliat Med 97;11(4):306-12. Comment in: 

Palliat Med. 1998 Nov;12(6):463. PMID: 10660347. 

Erratum in: Palliat Med. 1998 Nov;12(6):463. PMID: 

10660347. [Rec#: 12448] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Johnson N, Cook D, Giacomini M, and Willms D. Towards a 

"good" death: end-of-life narratives constructed in an 

intensive care unit. Cult Med Psychiatry 

2000;24(3):275-95. [Rec#: 12450] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Johnson P, Chaboyer W, Foster M, and van der Vooren R. 

Caregivers of ICU patients discharged home: what 

burden do they face? Intensive Crit Care Nurs 

2001;17(4):219-27. [Rec#: 41678] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-123 

Johnson P. Rural people's experience of critical illness 

involving inter-hospital transportation: a qualitative 

study. Aust Crit Care 99;12(1):12-6. [Rec#: 41677] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Johnson RE and Vollmer WM. Comparing sources of drug 

data about the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 

91;39(11):1079-84. [Rec#: 41679] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Johnson TM, Ouslander JG, Uman GC, and Schnelle JF. 

Urinary incontinence treatment preferences in long-term 

care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(6):710-8. Comment in: 

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Jun;49(6):829-30. PMID: 

11454125. [Rec#: 41681] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Johnston G and Abraham C. Managing awareness: 

negotiating and coping with a terminal prognosis. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2000;6(10):485-94. [Rec#: 3627] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Johnston G and Burge F. Analytic framework for clinician 

provision of end-of-life care. J Palliat Care 

2002;18(3):141-9. [Rec#: 12457] 

In abstract review process 

Johnston GM, Gibbons L, Burge FI, Dewar RA, Cummings 

I, and Levy IG. Identifying potential need for cancer 

palliation in Nova Scotia. CMAJ 98;158(13):1691-8. 

[Rec#: 3629] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Johnston SC, Pfeifer MP, and McNutt R. The discussion 

about advance directives. Patient and physician opinions 

regarding when and how it should be conducted. End of 

Life Study Group. Arch Intern Med 

95;155(10):1025-30. [Rec#: 3633] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jonas CM. True presence through music for persons living 

their dying. NLN Publ 94;(15-2670):97-104. 

[Rec#: 3638] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jones A, Peckett W, Clark E, Sharpe C, Krimholtz S, Russell 

M, and Goodwin T. Nurses' knowledge of the 

resuscitation status of patients and action in the event of 

cardiorespiratory arrest. BMJ 93;306(6892):1577-8. 

[Rec#: 41683] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jones A. A 'bonding between strangers': a palliative model of 

clinical supervision. J Adv Nurs 97;26(5):1028-35. 

[Rec#: 12471] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jones A. Actors in an emotional drama. Inter-related grief in 

terminal care. Prof Nurse 91;6(10):598-603. 

[Rec#: 12469] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jones A. AIDS focus. Empathy in the counselling process. 

Nurs Stand 90;4(44):53-5. [Rec#: 12470] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jones A. Death, poetry, psychotherapy and clinical 

supervision (the contribution of psychodynamic 

psychotherapy to palliative care nursing). J Adv Nurs 

97;25(2):238-44. [Rec#: 12473] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jones B, Nackerud L, and Boyle D. Differential utilization of 

hospice services in nursing homes. Hosp J 

97;12(3):41-57. [Rec#: 12484] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jones C, Griffiths RD, Humphris G, and Skirrow PM. 

Memory, delusions, and the development of acute 

posttraumatic stress disorder-related symptoms after 

intensive care. Crit Care Med 2001;29(3):573-80. 

Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2001 Mar;29(3):687-8. 

PMID: 11379543. [Rec#: 41684] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jones C, Skirrow P, Griffiths RD, Humphris GH, Ingleby S, 

Eddleston J, Waldmann C, and Gager M. Rehabilitation 

after critical illness: a randomized, controlled trial. Crit 

Care Med 2003;31(10):2456-61. [Rec#: 41688] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jones CL, King MB, Speck P, Kurowska A, and Tookman 

AJ. Development of an instrument to measure terminal 

restlessness. Palliat Med 98;12(2):99-104. 

[Rec#: 12486] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jones DA and Peters TJ. Caring for elderly dependents: 

effects on the carers' quality of life. Age Ageing 

92;21(6):421-8. [Rec#: 41689] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jones JM, Huggins MA, Rydall AC, and Rodin GM. 

Symptomatic distress, hopelessness, and the desire for 

hastened death in hospitalized cancer patients. J 

Psychosom Res 2003;55(5):411-8. [Rec#: 3649] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jones JW and McCullough LB. Arsenic and old lace: 

end-of-life care in the postoperative period. Surgery 

2002;131(5):583-4. Comment in: Surgery. 2003 

Jan;133(1):122; author reply 122. PMID: 12563251. 

[Rec#: 12493] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-124 

Jones K, Gould MI, and Duncan C. Death and deprivation: 

an exploratory analysis of deaths in the health and 

lifestyle survey. Soc Sci Med 2000;50(7-8):1059-79. 

[Rec#: 41690] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Jones PS and Martinson IM. The experience of bereavement 

in caregivers of family members with Alzheimer's 

disease. Image J Nurs Sch 92;24(3):172-6. 

[Rec#: 3651] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Jones RV, Hansford J, and Fiske J. Death from cancer at 

home: the carers' perspective. BMJ 

93;306(6872):249-51. Comment in: BMJ. 1993 Mar 

6;306(6878):648-9. PMID: 8461826. Comment in: 

BMJ. 1993 Mar 6;306(6878):649. PMID: 8461827. 

[Rec#: 3652] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Jones RV. Improving terminal care at home: can district 

nurses act as catalysts? Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

95;4(2):80-5. [Rec#: 12494] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Jones SA. Personal unity in dying: alternative conceptions of 

the meaning of health. J Adv Nurs 93;18(1):89-94. 

[Rec#: 3653] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jones SB. Why not the best for the chronically ill? Hosp J 

98;13(1-2):101-15. [Rec#: 12495] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jones SF and Kessel AS. The 'redefinition of death' debate: 

western concepts and western bioethics. Sci Eng Ethics 

2001;7(1):63-75. [Rec#: 12496] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Jong P, Gong Y, Liu PP, Austin PC, Lee DS, and Tu JV. 

Care and outcomes of patients newly hospitalized for 

heart failure in the community treated by cardiologists 

compared with other specialists. Circulation 

2003;108(2):184-91. Comment in: Circulation. 2003 Jul 

15;108(2):129-31. PMID: 12860891. [Rec#: 50049] 

In abstract review process 

Jonsson A, Gustafson Y, Schroll M, Hansen FR, Saarela M, 

Nygaard H, Laake K, Jonsson PV, Valvanne J, and 

Dehlin O. Geriatric rehabilitation as an integral part of 

geriatric medicine in the Nordic countries. Dan Med 

Bull 2003;50(4):439-45. [Rec#: 41692] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Joos SK, Reuler JB, Powell JL, and Hickam DH. Outpatients' 

attitudes and understanding regarding living wills. J 

Gen Intern Med 93;8(5):259-63. [Rec#: 3657] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Joranson DE. Availability of opioids for cancer pain: recent 

trends, assessment of system barriers, New World 

Health Organization guidelines, and the risk of 

diversion. J Pain Symptom Manage 93;8(6):353-60. 

[Rec#: 12498] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Joranson, D. E., Carrow, G. M., Ryan, K. M., Schaefer, L., 

Gilson, A. M., Good, P., Eadie, J., Peine, S., and Dahl, 

J. L. Pain management and prescription monitoring. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23(3):231-8. 

[Rec#: 50508] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Joranson, D. E., Gilson, A. M., Dahl, J. L., and Haddox, J. D. 

Pain management, controlled substances, and state 

medical board policy: a decade of change. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;23(2):138-47. [Rec#: 50509] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Joranson, D. E., Ryan, K. M., Gilson, A. M., and Dahl, J. L. 

Trends in medical use and abuse of opioid analgesics. 

JAMA 2000;283(13):1710-4. [Rec#: 50510] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Jordan JR and Neimeyer RA. Does grief counseling work? 

Death Stud 2003;27(9):765-86. [Rec#: 3659] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Jordhoy MS, Fayers P, Saltnes T, Ahlner-Elmqvist M, 

Jannert M, and Kaasa S. A palliative-care intervention 

and death at home: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 

2000;356(9233):888-93. [Rec#: 3661] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Jorm AF, Henderson AS, Scott R, Korten AE, Christensen H, 

and Mackinnon AJ. Factors associated with the wish to 

die in elderly people. Age Ageing 95;24(5):389-92. 

[Rec#: 3665] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Joseph CL and Wanlass W. Rehabilitation in the nursing 

home. Clin Geriatr Med 93;9(4):859-71. [Rec#: 41698] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Joynt GM, Gomersall CD, Tan P, Lee A, Cheng CA, and 

Wong EL. Prospective evaluation of patients refused 

admission to an intensive care unit: triage, futility and 

outcome. Intensive Care Med 2001;27(9):1459-65. 

Comment in: Intensive Care Med. 2001 

Sep;27(9):1441-5. PMID: 11685336. [Rec#: 41700] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Juozapavicius KP and Weber JA. A reflective study of 

Alzheimer's caregivers. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other 

Demen 2001;16(1):11-20. [Rec#: 3679] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-125 

Kaasa S and Loge JH. Quality of life in palliative care: 

principles and practice. Palliat Med 2003;17(1):11-20. 

[Rec#: 12517] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kaasa S and Loge JH. Quality-of-life assessment in palliative 

care. Lancet Oncol 2002;3(3):175-82. [Rec#: 12516] 

In abstract review process 

Kaasa S, Bjordal K, Aaronson N, Moum T, Wist E, Hagen S, 

and Kvikstad A. The EORTC core quality of life 

questionnaire (QLQ-C30): validity and reliability when 

analysed with patients treated with palliative 

radiotherapy. Eur J Cancer 95;31A(13-14):2260-3. 

[Rec#: 3684] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kaasa S, Loge JH, Knobel H, Jordhoy MS, and Brenne E. 

Fatigue. Measures and relation to pain. Acta 

Anaesthesiol Scand 99;43(9):939-47. [Rec#: 3686] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kaasa S. Assessment of quality of life in palliative care. J 

Palliat Med 2001;4(3):413-6. [Rec#: 12512] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kaasa S. Using quality of life assessment methods in patients 

with advanced cancer: a clinical perspective. Eur J 

Cancer 95;31A Suppl 6:S15-7. [Rec#: 12513] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kaasalainen V, Vainio A, and Ali-Melkkila T. Developments 

in the treatment of cancer pain in Finland: the third 

nation-wide survey. Pain 97;70(2-3):175-83. 

[Rec#: 12518] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kabel A and Roberts D. Professionals' perceptions of 

maintaining personhood in hospice care. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2003;9(7):283-9. [Rec#: 12519] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kafetz K. What happens when elderly people die? J R Soc 

Med 2002;95(11):536-8. Comment in: J R Soc Med. 

2002 Nov;95(11):529-30. PMID: 12411614. 

[Rec#: 3693] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kagawa-Singer M. The cultural context of death rituals and 

mourning practices. Oncol Nurs Forum 

98;25(10):1752-6. [Rec#: 12521] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kahana E, Lawrence RH, Kahana B, Kercher K, Wisniewski 

A, Stoller E, Tobin J, and Stange K. Long-term impact 

of preventive proactivity on quality of life of the 

old-old. Psychosom Med 2002;64(3):382-94. 

[Rec#: 41706] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kahn DL and Steeves RH. The significance of suffering in 

cancer care. Semin Oncol Nurs 95;11(1):9-16. 

[Rec#: 3700] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kahn EC. A comparison of family needs based on the 

presence or absence of DNR orders. Dimens Crit Care 

Nurs 92;11(5):286-92. [Rec#: 41707] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kai I, Ohi G, Yano E, Kobayashi Y, Miyama T, Niino N, and 

Naka K. Communication between patients and 

physicians about terminal care: a survey in Japan. Soc 

Sci Med 93;36(9):1151-9. [Rec#: 3703] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Kaisary AV. Patient-Clinician choice in palliation of 

metastatic prostate cancer. Drugs Aging 

2000;17(5):331-7. [Rec#: 12525] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kaiser HE and Brock DB. Comparative aspects of the quality 

of life in cancer patients. In Vivo 92;6(4):333-7. 

[Rec#: 3704] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kaiser KS. Removing barriers in hospice pain 

management--a family matter. Caring 90;9(11):42-9. 

[Rec#: 12526] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kales HC, Blow FC, Copeland LA, Bingham RC, Kammerer 

EE, and Mellow AM. Health care utilization by older 

patients with coexisting dementia and depression. Am J 

Psychiatry 99;156(4):550-6. Comment in: Am J 

Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;157(4):661-2. PMID: 10739450. 

[Rec#: 50050] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kallenberg K and Soderfeldt B. Three years later: grief, view 

of life, and personal crisis after death of a family 

member. J Palliat Care 92;8(4):13-9. [Rec#: 3710] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Kamholz BA and Mellow AM. Management of treatment 

resistance in the depressed geriatric patient. Psychiatr 

Clin North Am 96;19(2):269-86. [Rec#: 41713] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kane RA. Long-term care and a good quality of life: 

bringing them closer together. Gerontologist 

2001;41(3):293-304. [Rec#: 41715] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kane RL and Blewett LA. Quality assurance for a program 

of comprehensive care for older persons. Health Care 

Financ Rev 93;14(4):89-110. [Rec#: 41717] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-126 

Kane RL, Illston LH, and Miller NA. Qualitative analysis of 

the Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly 

(PACE). Gerontologist 92;32(6):771-80. [Rec#: 41720] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kane RL, Rockwood T, Finch M, and Philp I. Consumer and 

professional ratings of the importance of functional 

status components. Health Care Financ Rev 

97;19(2):11-22. [Rec#: 41722] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kane RL. The implications of assessment. J Gerontol 93;48 

Spec No:27-31. [Rec#: 41716] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kane RS and Burns EA. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 

policies in long-term care facilities. J Am Geriatr Soc 

97;45(2):154-7. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 

Feb;45(2):245-6. PMID: 9033529. [Rec#: 41723] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kane RS. The defeat of aging versus the importance of death. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 96;44(3):321-5. [Rec#: 3723] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kanoti GA, Gombeski WR Jr, Gulledge AD, Konrad D, 

Collins R, and Medendorp SV. The effect of 

do-not-resuscitate orders on length of stay. Cleve Clin J 

Med 92;59(6):591-4. Comment in: Cleve Clin J Med. 

1992 Nov-Dec;59(6):649-50. PMID: 1424079. 

Comment in: Cleve Clin J Med. 1994 

Jan-Feb;61(1):78-9. PMID: 8124853. [Rec#: 3724] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Kaplow R. Use of nursing resources and comfort of cancer 

patients with and without do-not-resuscitate orders in 

the intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care 

2000;9(2):87-95. [Rec#: 41727] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kapp MB. Economic influences on end-of-life care: 

empirical evidence and ethical speculation. Death Stud 

2001;25(3):251-63. [Rec#: 3729] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kapp MB. Legal anxieties and end-of-life care in nursing 

homes. Issues Law Med 2003;19(2):111-34. 

[Rec#: 3730] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Karam EG. The nosological status of bereavement-related 

depressions. Br J Psychiatry 94;165(2):48-52. 

[Rec#: 3732] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Karasz A, Dyche L, and Selwyn P. Physicians' experiences 

of caring for late-stage HIV patients in the post-HAART 

era: challenges and adaptations. Soc Sci Med 

2003;57(9):1609-20. [Rec#: 12546] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kari N and Michels P. The Lazarus Project: the politics of 

empowerment. Am J Occup Ther 91;45(8):719-25. 

[Rec#: 41730] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Karim K, Bailey M, and Tunna K. Nonwhite ethnicity and 

the provision of specialist palliative care services: 

factors affecting doctors' referral patterns. Palliat Med 

2000;14(6):471-8. [Rec#: 12548] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Kashiwagi T. Psychosocial and spiritual issues in terminal 

care. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 95;49 Suppl 1:S123-7. 

[Rec#: 3741] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kashiwagi T. Truth telling and palliative medicine. Intern 

Med 99;38(2):190-2. [Rec#: 12554] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kasper JD, Steinbach U, and Andrews J. Caregiver role 

appraisal and caregiver tasks as factors in ending 

caregiving. J Aging Health 94;6(3):397-414. 

[Rec#: 41733] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Kass RM and Ellershaw J. Respiratory tract secretions in the 

dying patient: a retrospective study. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2003;26(4):897-902. [Rec#: 3745] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Kass-Bartelmes, B. and Hughes, R. Advance Care Planning: 

Preferences for Care at the End of Life. Agency for 

Healthcare Research and Quality 2003;www.ahrg.gov. 

[Rec#: 50511] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kastenbaum R and Herman C. Death personification in the 

Kevorkian era. Death Stud 97;21(2):115-30. 

[Rec#: 3749] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kastenbaum R. Death, suicide and the older adult. Suicide 

Life Threat Behav 92;22(1):1-14. [Rec#: 3748] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Kastenbaum R. The moment of death: is hospice making a 

difference? Hosp J 99;14(3-4):253-70. [Rec#: 12558] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kattan MW, Fearn PA, and Miles BJ. Time trade-off utility 

modified to accommodate degenerative and 

life-threatening conditions. Proc AMIA Symp 

2001;304-8. [Rec#: 12564] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Katz A. AIDS dementia complex. J Palliat Care 

94;10(1):46-50. [Rec#: 12565] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-127 

Katz IR, Simpson GM, Curlik SM, Parmelee PA, and Muhly 

C. Pharmacologic treatment of major depression for 

elderly patients in residential care settings. J Clin 

Psychiatry 90;51 Suppl:41-7; discussion 48. 

[Rec#: 41735] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Katz J, Sidell M, and Komaromy C. Death in homes: 

bereavement needs of residents, relatives and staff. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2000;6(6):274-9. [Rec#: 3756] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Katz JS, Sidell M, and Komaromy C. Dying in long-term 

care facilities: support needs of other residents, 

relatives, and staff. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(5):321-6. [Rec#: 3757] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Katz PR, Karuza J, Kolassa J, and Hutson A. Medical 

practice with nursing home residents: results from the 

National Physician Professional Activities Census. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 97;45(8):911-7. [Rec#: 41736] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kaub-Wittemer, D., Steinbuchel, N., Wasner, M., 

Laier-Groeneveld, G., and Borasio, G. D. Quality of life 

and psychosocial issues in ventilated patients with 

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their caregivers. 

Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 

2003;26(4):890-6. [Rec#: 50512] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kaufert JM, Putsch RW, and Lavallee M. End-of-life 

decision making among Aboriginal Canadians: 

interpretation, mediation, and discord in the 

communication of "bad news". J Palliat Care 

99;15(1):31-8. [Rec#: 3759] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kaufman SR. In the shadow of "death with dignity": 

medicine and cultural quandaries of the vegetative state. 

Am Anthropol 2000;102(1):69-83. [Rec#: 12572] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kaunonen M, Tarkka MT, Laippala P, and 

Paunonen-Ilmonen M. The impact of supportive 

telephone call intervention on grief after the death of a 

family member. Cancer Nurs 2000;23(6):483-91. 

[Rec#: 3765] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Kaunonen M, Tarkka MT, Paunonen M, and Laippala P. 

Grief and social support after the death of a spouse. J 

Adv Nurs 99;30(6):1304-11. [Rec#: 3766] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kavanagh DJ. Towards a cognitive-behavioural intervention 

for adult grief reactions. Br J Psychiatry 90;157:373-83. 

Comment in: Br J Psychiatry. 1991 Feb;158:291. 

PMID: 2012932. [Rec#: 3771] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kavanagh S and Knapp M. The impact on general 

practitioners of the changing balance of care for elderly 

people living in institutions. BMJ 98;317(7154):322-7. 

Comment in: BMJ. 1999 Mar 6;318(7184):666. PMID: 

10066217. [Rec#: 41743] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kaw M and Sekas G. Long-term follow-up of consequences 

of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes in 

nursing home patients. Dig Dis Sci 94;39(4):738-43. 

Comment in: Dig Dis Sci. 1995 Apr;40(4):920-1. 

PMID: 7772183. [Rec#: 41744] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kay DW, Forster DP, and Newens AJ. Long-term survival, 

place of death, and death certification in clinically 

diagnosed pre-senile dementia in northern England. 

Follow-up after 8-12 years. Br J Psychiatry 

2000;177:156-62. Comment in: Br J Psychiatry. 2000 

Dec;177:565-6. PMID: 11102338. [Rec#: 41745] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Kayashima R and Braun KL. Barriers to good end-of-life 

care: a physician survey. Hawaii Med J 

2001;60(2):40-4. [Rec#: 12582] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kaye JM, Fleetwood J, and Kaye D. The no-code patient and 

the infectious diseases consultant. Bull N Y Acad Med 

90;66(3):201-10. [Rec#: 12583] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kayser-Jones J, Schell E, Lyons W, Kris AE, Chan J, and 

Beard RL. Factors that influence end-of-life care in 

nursing homes: the physical environment, inadequate 

staffing, and lack of supervision. Gerontologist 2003;43 

Spec No 2:76-84. [Rec#: 3789] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kayser-Jones J. The experience of dying: an ethnographic 

nursing home study. Gerontologist 2002;42 Spec No 

3:11-9. Comment in: Gerontologist. 2002 Oct;42 Spec 

No 3:20-3. PMID: 12415129. [Rec#: 3786] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kazanjian MA. The spiritual and psychological explanations 

for loss experience. Hosp J 97;12(1):17-27. 

[Rec#: 3790] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-128 

Keating HJ 3rd. Major surgery in nursing home patients: 

procedures, morbidity, and mortality in the frailest of 

the frail elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 92;40(1):8-11. 

[Rec#: 41746] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Keatinge D, Cadd AL, Henssen M, O'Brien L, Parker D, 

Rohr Y, Schneider J, and Thompson J. Nurses' use of 

patient notes to chart bowel care management for the 

palliative care patient. Aust J Adv Nurs 99;16(4):36-41. 

[Rec#: 12589] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Keay TJ and Schonwetter RS. Hospice care in the nursing 

home. Am Fam Physician 98;57(3):491-4. Comment 

in: Am Fam Physician. 1998 Feb 1;57(3):424-5. PMID: 

9475891. [Rec#: 12593] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Keay TJ and Schonwetter RS. The case for hospice care in 

long-term care environments. Clin Geriatr Med 

2000;16(2):211-23. [Rec#: 12592] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Keay TJ, Fredman L, Taler GA, Datta S, and Levenson SA. 

Indicators of quality medical care for the terminally ill 

in nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 94;42(8):853-60. 

[Rec#: 12591] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kedziera P and Harris DK. End-of-life care: hospice or 

home? Cancer Pract 98;6(3):188-90. [Rec#: 12595] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Keeley MP. Final conversations: survivors' memorable 

messages concerning religious faith and spirituality. 

Health Commun 2004;16(1):87-104. [Rec#: 3802] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Keeley PW. Clinical guidelines. Palliat Med 

2003;17(4):368-74. [Rec#: 12597] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Keenan CH and Kish SK. The influence of do-not-resuscitate 

orders on care provided for patients in the surgical 

intensive care unit of a cancer center. Crit Care Nurs 

Clin North Am 2000;12(3):385-90. [Rec#: 41747] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Keenan, S. P., Mawdsley, C., Plotkin, D., and Sibbald, W. J. 

Interhospital variability in satisfaction with withdrawal 

of life support: room for improvement? Critical Care 

Medicine 2003;31(2):626-31. [Rec#: 50515] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Keenan, S. P., Mawdsley, C., Plotkin, D., Webster, G. K., 

and Priestap, F. Withdrawal of life support: how the 

family feels, and why. Journal of Palliative Care 

2000;16 Suppl:S40-4. [Rec#: 50516] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kellehear A. Spirituality and palliative care: a model of 

needs. Palliat Med 2000;14(2):149-55. [Rec#: 12609] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Kellehear A. The near-death experience as status passage. 

Soc Sci Med 90;31(8):933-9. [Rec#: 12608] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kellermann AL, Hackman BB, and Somes G. Predicting the 

outcome of unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac 

life support. JAMA 93;270(12):1433-6. Comment in: 

JAMA. 1993 Sep 22-29;270(12):1471-2. PMID: 

8371449. Comment in: JAMA. 1994 Mar 

9;271(10):747-8; author reply 748-9. PMID: 8114209. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1994 Mar 9;271(10):748. PMID: 

8114210. Comment in: JAMA. 1994 Mar 

9;271(10):748; autho. [Rec#: 41749] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Kelley ML, Sellick S, and Linkewich B. Rural nonphysician 

providers' perspectives on palliative care services in 

northwestern Ontario, Canada. J Rural Health 

2003;19(1):55-62. [Rec#: 3812] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kelliher K. "Mr. K". Imprint 92;39(5):104. [Rec#: 3813] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kellogg FR and Brickner PW. Long-term home health care 

for the impoverished frail homebound aged: a 

twenty-seven-year experience. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2000;48(8):1002-11. [Rec#: 41750] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kellogg FR, Crain M, Corwin J, and Brickner PW. 

Life-sustaining interventions in frail elderly persons. 

Talking about choices. Arch Intern Med 

92;152(11):2317-20. [Rec#: 3814] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Kelly B, Burnett P, Badger S, Pelusi D, Varghese FT, and 

Robertson M. Doctors and their patients: a context for 

understanding the wish to hasten death. 

Psychooncology 2003;12(4):375-84. [Rec#: 3817] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kelly B, Burnett P, Pelusi D, Badger S, Varghese F, and 

Robertson M. Factors associated with the wish to hasten 

death: a study of patients with terminal illness. Psychol 

Med 2003;33(1):75-81. [Rec#: 3818] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kelly CM, Wilkins RM, Eckardt JJ, and Ward WG. 

Treatment of metastatic disease of the tibia. Clin 

Orthop 2003;(415 Suppl):S219-29. [Rec#: 3822] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-129 

Kelly D, Ross S, Gray B, and Smith P. Death, dying and 

emotional labour: problematic dimensions of the bone 

marrow transplant nursing role? J Adv Nurs 

2000;32(4):952-60. [Rec#: 12616] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kelly K and Bunn PA Jr. Is it time to reevaluate our 

approach to the treatment of brain metastases in patients 

with non-small cell lung cancer? Lung Cancer 

98;20(2):85-91. [Rec#: 12622] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Kelly WF, Eliasson AH, Stocker DJ, and Hnatiuk OW. Do 

specialists differ on do-not-resuscitate decisions? Chest 

2002;121(3):957-63. Comment in: Chest. 2002 

Nov;122(5):1867-8; author reply 1868. PMID: 

12426300. [Rec#: 41753] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kelly-Powell ML. Personalizing choices: patients' 

experiences with making treatment decisions. Res Nurs 

Health 97;20(3):219-27. [Rec#: 41752] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kelman C. The Australian National Death Index: an 

assessment of accuracy. Aust N Z J Public Health 

2000;24(2):201-3. [Rec#: 41754] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kemeny ME and Dean L. Effects of AIDS-related 

bereavement on HIV progression among New York 

City gay men. AIDS Educ Prev 95;7(5 Suppl):36-47. 

[Rec#: 3826] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Kemeny ME, Weiner H, Taylor SE, Schneider S, Visscher B, 

and Fahey JL. Repeated bereavement, depressed mood, 

and immune parameters in HIV seropositive and 

seronegative gay men. Health Psychol 94;13(1):14-24. 

[Rec#: 3828] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kemp C. Palliative care for respiratory problems in terminal 

illness. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 97;14(1):26-30. 

[Rec#: 12632] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kemp, C. Culture and the end of life: Hispanic cultures 

(focus on Mexican Americans). Journal of Hospice and 

Palliative Nursing 2001;3(1):29-34. [Rec#: 50517] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kemp, C. Palliative care for respiratory problems in terminal 

illness. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 

97;14(1):26-30. [Rec#: 50518] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kempen GI and van Sonderen E. Psychological attributes 

and changes in disability among low-functioning older 

persons: does attrition affect the outcomes? J Clin 

Epidemiol 2002;55(3):224-9. [Rec#: 41756] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kempen GI, van Heuvelen MJ, van Sonderen E, van den 

Brink RH, Kooijman AC, and Ormel J. The relationship 

of functional limitations to disability and the moderating 

effects of psychological attributes in 

community-dwelling older persons. Soc Sci Med 

99;48(9):1161-72. [Rec#: 41755] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kemper P and Pezzin LE. The effect of public provision of 

home care on living and care arrangements: evidence 

from the channeling experiment. Dev Health Econ 

Public Policy 96;5:125-46. [Rec#: 41757] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kemper, P. and Murtaugh, C. M. Lifetime use of nursing 

home care. New England Journal of Medicine 

91;324(9):595-600. [Rec#: 50519] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kendall C and Jeffrey D. Out-of-hours specialist palliative 

care provision in an oncology centre: is it worthwhile? 

Palliat Med 2003;17(5):461-4. [Rec#: 12634] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kendall ML. A holistic nursing model for spiritual care of 

the terminally ill. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

99;16(2):473-6. [Rec#: 12636] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kennett CE. Participation in a creative arts project can foster 

hope in a hospice day centre. Palliat Med 

2000;14(5):419-25. [Rec#: 3848] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kenny LJ. An evaluation-based model for palliative care 

education: making a difference to practice. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2003;9(5):189-94. [Rec#: 12649] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kenny LJ. Education in palliative care: making a difference 

to practice? Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(8):401-7. 

[Rec#: 12648] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Keough ME, Field TS, and Gurwitz JH. A model of 

community-based interdisciplinary team training in the 

care of the frail elderly. Acad Med 2002;77(9):936. 

[Rec#: 41758] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-130 

Keovilay, L., Rasbridge, L., and Kemp, C. Cambodian and 

Laotian Health Beliefs and Practices Related to the End 

of Life. Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine 

2000;2(4):143-151. [Rec#: 50520] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kerr HD and Byrd JC. Nursing home patients transferred by 

ambulance to a VA emergency department. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 91;39(2):132-6. [Rec#: 41762] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kerridge I, Lowe M, and Mitchell K. Competent patients, 

incompetent decisions. Ann Intern Med 

95;123(11):878-81. [Rec#: 12657] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kerrison SH and Pollock AM. Regulating nursing homes: 

Caring for older people in the private sector in England. 

BMJ 2001;323(7312):566-9. [Rec#: 41763] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kerr-Wilson R. Terminal care of gynaecological malignancy. 

Br J Hosp Med 94;51(3):113-8. [Rec#: 12656] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kersting A. The psychodynamics of grief hallucinations - a 

psychopathological phenomenon of normal and 

pathological grief. Psychopathology 2004;37(1):50-1. 

[Rec#: 3857] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Khand AU, Gemmell I, Rankin AC, and Cleland JG. Clinical 

events leading to the progression of heart failure: insights 

from a national database of hospital discharges. Eur 

Heart J 2001;22(2):153-64. [Rec#: 50051] 

In abstract review process 

Kidby J. Family-witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 

Nurs Stand 2003;17(51):33-6. [Rec#: 12670] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Kidd KD and Lane MP. Maximizing foodservice in an 

inpatient hospice setting. Hosp J 93;9(2-3):85-106. 

[Rec#: 12671] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kidder D. The effects of hospice coverage on Medicare 

expenditures. Health Serv Res 92;27(2):195-217. 

[Rec#: 3874] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kiel RA. Caring for terminally ill inmates: on-site hospice 

care or compassionate release? Correctcare 95;9(2):5, 

13-14. [Rec#: 12672] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kiely MT and Alison DL. Palliative care activity in a 

medical oncology unit: the implications for oncology 

training. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 

2000;12(3):179-81. [Rec#: 12674] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kiely SC and Prince PL. Long-term home health care for the 

aged: the West Penn (Allegheny County, PA) Hospital 

Home Visit Program experience. J Long Term Home 

Health Care 94;13(2):41-53. [Rec#: 41770] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Killeen M. The right combination: volunteers as health 

advocates for homebound elders. J Volunt Adm 

91;9(4):15-22. [Rec#: 41771] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Killeen ME. Clinical clowning: humor in hospice care. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 91;8(3):23-7. [Rec#: 12675] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kilpatrick, M. G., Kristjanson, L. J., and Tataryn, D. J. 

Measuring the information needs of husbands of women 

with breast cancer: validity and reliability of the Family 

Inventory of Needs--husbands. Oncology Nursing 

Forum 98;25(8):1347-51. [Rec#: 50521] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kilpatrick, M. G., Kristjanson, L. J., Tataryn, D. J., and 

Fraser, V. H. Information needs of husbands of women 

with breast cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum 

98;25(9):1595-601. [Rec#: 50522] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kim HJ, Steketee G, and Frost RO. Hoarding by elderly 

people. Health Soc Work 2001;26(3):176-84. Erratum 

in: Health Soc Work 2001 Nov;26(4):234. 

[Rec#: 41772] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kim K and Jacobs S. Pathologic grief and its relationship to 

other psychiatric disorders. J Affect Disord 

91;21(4):257-63. [Rec#: 3886] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Kim KS. Long-term care for the Korean American elderly: 

an exploration for a better way of services. J Long 

Term Home Health Care 97;16(2):35-8. [Rec#: 41773] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kim SH, Wolde-Tsadik G, and Reuben DB. Predictors of 

perceived health in hospitalized older persons: a 

cross-sectional and longitudinal study. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 97;45(4):420-6. [Rec#: 41774] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kim SL and Goldschmid S. Palliation of malignant 

dysphagia: carvers versus plumbers. Am J 

Gastroenterol 95;90(3):512-3. [Rec#: 12680] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-131 

Kimberlin CL, Pendergast JF, Berardo DH, and McKenzie 

LC. Issues related to using a short-form of the Center 

for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. Psychol 

Rep 98;83(2):411-21. [Rec#: 41775] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kindlen M. Loss adaptation. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

99;8(4):245-9. [Rec#: 12683] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

King G, Mackenzie J, Smith H, and Clark D. Dying at home: 

evaluation of a hospice rapid-response service. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2000;6(6):280-7. [Rec#: 12686] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

King N, Bell D, and Thomas K. Family carers' experiences 

of out-of-hours community palliative care: a qualitative 

study. Int J Palliat Nurs 2004;10(2):76-83. 

[Rec#: 3901] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

King N, Thomas K, and Bell D. An out-of-hours protocol for 

community palliative care: practitioners' perspectives. 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(7):277-82. [Rec#: 12687] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kinsella G, Cooper B, Picton C, and Murtagh D. Factors 

influencing outcomes for family caregivers of persons 

receiving palliative care: toward an integrated model. J 

Palliat Care 2000;16(3):46-54. [Rec#: 12692] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kinzbrunner BM, Weinreb NJ, and Merriman MP. Debility, 

unspecified: a terminal diagnosis. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 96;13(6):38-44. [Rec#: 3908] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Kinzbrunner BM. Ethical dilemmas in hospice and palliative 

care. Support Care Cancer 95;3(1):28-36. 

[Rec#: 12696] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kinzbrunner BM. The role of the physician in hospice. Hosp 

J 97;12(2):49-55. [Rec#: 12698] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kipnes DR, Piper WE, and Joyce AS. Cohesion and outcome 

in short-term psychodynamic groups for complicated 

grief. Int J Group Psychother 2002;52(4):483-509. 

[Rec#: 12699] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kirchhoff KT and Beckstrand RL. Critical care nurses' 

perceptions of obstacles and helpful behaviors in 

providing end-of-life care to dying patients. Am J Crit 

Care 2000;9(2):96-105. [Rec#: 3914] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kirchhoff KT, Spuhler V, Walker L, Hutton A, Cole BV, and 

Clemmer T. Intensive care nurses' experiences with 

end-of-life care. Am J Crit Care 2000;9(1):36-42. 

[Rec#: 3915] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kirchhoff KT, Walker L, Hutton A, Spuhler V, Cole BV, and 

Clemmer T. The vortex: families' experiences with 

death in the intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care 

2002;11(3):200-9. [Rec#: 3916] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kirk K and McManus M. Containing families' grief: 

therapeutic group work in a hospice setting. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2002;8(10):470-80. [Rec#: 3917] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Kirk S, Donnelly ME, and Compton SA. A profile of 

residents of old people's homes. Ulster Med J 

91;60(2):154-8. [Rec#: 41776] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kirker FJ and Oliver DJ. The development and 

implementation of a standardized policy for the 

management of dysphagia in motor neurone disease. 

Palliat Med 2003;17(4):322-6. [Rec#: 12706] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kirmse JM. Aggressive implementation of advance 

directives. Crit Care Nurs Q 98;21(1):83-9. [Rec#: 3919] 

In abstract review process 

Kirschling JM and Luce L. Oregon Hospice Association: 

statewide data set. Hosp J 92;8(3):35-44. [Rec#: 3922] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Kirschling JM, Tilden VP, and Butterfield PG. Social 

support: the experience of hospice family caregivers. 

Hosp J 90;6(2):75-93. [Rec#: 3924] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kirstila V, Lenander-Lumikari M, Soderling E, and Tenovuo 

J. Effects of oral hygiene products containing 

lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin on the 

composition of whole saliva and on subjective oral 

symptoms in patients with xerostomia. Acta Odontol 

Scand 96;54(6):391-7. [Rec#: 3925] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kish SK, Martin CG, and Price KJ. Advance directives in 

critically ill cancer patients. Crit Care Nurs Clin North 

Am 2000;12(3):373-83. [Rec#: 3927] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kissane DW and Bloch S. Family grief. Br J Psychiatry 

94;164(6):728-40. [Rec#: 3928] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-132 

Kissane DW and Smith GC. Consultation-liaison psychiatry 

in an Australian oncology unit. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 

96;30(3):397-404. [Rec#: 3935] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kissane DW, Bloch S, Dowe DL, Snyder RD, Onghena P, 

McKenzie DP, and Wallace CS. The Melbourne Family 

Grief Study, I: Perceptions of family functioning in 

bereavement. Am J Psychiatry 96;153(5):650-8. 

[Rec#: 3929] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kissane DW, Bloch S, McKenzie M, McDowall AC, and 

Nitzan R. Family grief therapy: a preliminary account of 

a new model to promote healthy family functioning 

during palliative care and bereavement. 

Psychooncology 98;7(1):14-25. [Rec#: 3931] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kissane DW, Clarke DM, and Street AF. Demoralization 

syndrome--a relevant psychiatric diagnosis for palliative 

care. J Palliat Care 2001;17(1):12-21. [Rec#: 12717] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kissane DW, McKenzie DP, and Bloch S. Family coping and 

bereavement outcome. Palliat Med 97;11(3):191-201. 

[Rec#: 3933] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Kissane DW, Spruyt O, and Aranda S. Palliative care--new 

approaches to the problem of suffering. Aust N Z J 

Med 2000;30(3):377-84. [Rec#: 12718] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kissane DW. Family-based grief counselling. Aust Fam 

Physician 94;23(4):678-80. [Rec#: 12714] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kissane DW. Managing anger in palliative care. Aust Fam 

Physician 94;23(7):1257-9. [Rec#: 12715] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kissane DW. Psychospiritual and existential distress. The 

challenge for palliative care. Aust Fam Physician 

2000;29(11):1022-5. [Rec#: 12716] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kissane, D. W., Bloch, S., Miach, P., Smith, G. C., Seddon, 

A., and Keks, N. Cognitive-existential group therapy for 

patients with primary breast cancer--techniques and 

themes. Psycho-Oncology 97;6(1):25-33. 

[Rec#: 50523] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kitagawa T, Hara M, Sano T, and Sugimura T. The concept 

of Tenju-gann, or "natural-end cancer". Cancer 

98;83(6):1061-5. Comment in: Cancer. 1998 Sep 

15;83(6):1066-8. PMID: 9740068. Comment in: Cancer. 

1999 Mar 1;85(5):1197-9. PMID: 10091806. 

[Rec#: 3936] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kite S, Jones K, and Tookman A. Specialist palliative care 

and patients with noncancer diagnoses: the experience 

of a service. Palliat Med 99;13(6):477-84. [Rec#: 3938] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kite S. How can different models of organisation or bed 

utilisation improve the care of patients dying in 

hospital? (Structured Abstract). 2003;3:<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50164] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kite S. Q9: How can different models of organisation or bed 

utilisation improve the care of patients dying in hospital. 

1997;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50852] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Kitson GC. Adjustment to violent and natural deaths in later 

and earlier life for black and white widows. J Gerontol 

B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2000;55(6):S341-51. 

[Rec#: 3939] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Kitzes JA and Domer T. Palliative care: an emerging issue 

for American Indians and Alaskan Natives. J Pain 

Palliat Care Pharmacother 2003;17(3-4):201-10. 

[Rec#: 3940] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kivett VR and McCulloch BJ. Older rural nonsurvivors: their 

prediction and terminal care. J Appl Gerontol 

92;11(4):407-24. [Rec#: 3942] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kjaer M. The therapy of cancer pain and its integration into a 

comprehensive supportive care strategy. Ann Oncol 

97;8 Suppl 3:S15-9. [Rec#: 12720] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Klagsbrun SC. Patient, family, and staff suffering. J Palliat 

Care 94;10(2):14-7. [Rec#: 3945] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Klaschik E, Nauck F, and Ostgathe C. Constipation--modern 

laxative therapy. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(11):679-85. [Rec#: 3948] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Klausner EJ, Clarkin JF, Spielman L, Pupo C, Abrams R, 

and Alexopoulos GS. Late-life depression and 

functional disability: the role of goal-focused group 

psychotherapy. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 

98;13(10):707-16. [Rec#: 41788] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kleinberg K. Technologies to enable home care. Caring 

2001;20(1):36-7. [Rec#: 41791] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-133 

Kleinpell RM and Ferrans CE. Quality of life of elderly 

patients after treatment in the ICU. Res Nurs Health 

2002;25(3):212-21. [Rec#: 41794] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kleinpell RM. Exploring outcomes after critical illness in the 

elderly. Outcomes Manag 2003;7(4):159-69. 

[Rec#: 41792] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Klepper H and Truog RD. Treating the patient to benefit 

others. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 97;6(3):306-13. 

[Rec#: 3953] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Klepstad P, Hilton P, Moen J, Fougner B, Borchgrevink PC, 

and Kaasa S. Self-reports are not related to objective 

assessments of cognitive function and sedation in 

patients with cancer pain admitted to a palliative care 

unit. Palliat Med 2002;16(6):513-9. [Rec#: 3954] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Klepstad P, Kaasa S, and Borchgrevink PC. Start of oral 

morphine to cancer patients: effective serum morphine 

concentrations and contribution from 

morphine-6-glucuronide to the analgesia produced by 

morphine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;55(10):713-9. 

Comment in: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 

Nov;56(8):599, 601. PMID: 11151752. [Rec#: 3955] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Klie T. [Dying with dignity-between autonomy and care. A 

contribution to the current legal discussion in Germany]. 

Z Gerontol Geriatr 2003;36(5):347-54. [Rec#: 3956] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kliebsch U, Siebert H, and Brenner H. Extent and 

determinants of hospitalization in a cohort of older 

disabled people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(3):289-94. 

[Rec#: 41798] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kloke M and Scheidt H. Pain and symptom control for 

cancer patients at the University Hospital in Essen: 

integration of specialists' knowledge into routine work. 

Support Care Cancer 96;4(6):404-7. [Rec#: 12732] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Klopfenstein KJ. Adolescents, cancer, and hospice. Adolesc 

Med 99;10(3):437-43, xi. [Rec#: 41799] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Age, not adults" 

Knapp ER and DelCampo RL. Developing family care plans: 

a systems perspective for helping hospice families. Am 

J Hosp Palliat Care 95;12(6):39-47. [Rec#: 12737] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Knaus WA, Harrell FE Jr, Lynn J, Goldman L, Phillips RS, 

Connors AF Jr, Dawson NV, Fulkerson WJ Jr, Califf 

RM, Desbiens N, and et al. The SUPPORT prognostic 

model. Objective estimates of survival for seriously ill 

hospitalized adults. Study to understand prognoses and 

preferences for outcomes and risks of treatments. Ann 

Intern Med 95;122(3):191-203. [Rec#: 41800] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Knickman JR and Hunt KA. Medical vulnerability in 

America: how does the health system respond? Inquiry 

2003;40(2):198-209. [Rec#: 41803] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Knight A and Meek F. Needs assessment: a tool for hospice 

expansion. Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(5):195-201. 

[Rec#: 12742] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Knight B. Assuring professional pastoral care for every 

nursing home resident. J Health Care Chaplain 

99;8(1-2):89-107. [Rec#: 41804] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Knight CF. Networking with the gay community to meet the 

needs of AIDS patients: special considerations for 

volunteer training. Am J Hosp Care 90;7(1):31-5. 

[Rec#: 12743] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Knight KH, Elfenbein MH, and Capozzi L. Relationship of 

recollections of first death experience to current death 

attitudes. Death Stud 2000;24(3):201-21. [Rec#: 3968] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Knight, C. F., Knight, P. F., Gellula, M. H., and Holman, G. 

H. Training our future physicians: a hospice rotation for 

medical students. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 92;9(1):23-8. 

[Rec#: 50873] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Knopman D, Schneider L, Davis K, Talwalker S, Smith F, 

Hoover T, and Gracon S. Long-term tacrine (Cognex) 

treatment: effects on nursing home placement and 

mortality, Tacrine Study Group. Neurology 

96;47(1):166-77. Comment in: Neurology. 1997 

Sep;49(3):897-9. PMID: 9305370. [Rec#: 50052] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kodner DL and Kyriacou CK. Bringing managed care home 

to people with chronic, disabling conditions: prospects 

and challenges for policy, practice, and research. J 

Aging Health 2003;15(1):189-22. [Rec#: 41813] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Koedoot CG, de Haan RJ, Stiggelbout AM, Stalmeier PF, de 

Graeff A, Bakker PJ, and de Haes JC. Palliative 

chemotherapy or best supportive care? A prospective 

study explaining patients' treatment preference and 

choice. Br J Cancer 2003;89(12):2219-26. [Rec#: 3982] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-134 

Koenig BA and Gates-Williams J. Understanding cultural 

difference in caring for dying patients. West J Med 

95;163(3):244-9. [Rec#: 12758] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Koenig HG, Westlund RE, George LK, Hughes DC, Blazer 

DG, and Hybels C. Abbreviating the Duke Social 

Support Index for use in chronically ill elderly 

individuals. Psychosomatics 93;34(1):61-9. 

[Rec#: 41815] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Koenig KL and Haynes B. Prehospital 'do-not-resuscitate' 

orders--a new option. West J Med 93;159(5):602-3. 

[Rec#: 41816] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Koenig, H. G., George, L. K., and Peterson, B. L. Religiosity 

and remission of depression in medically ill older 

patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 

98;155(4):536-42. [Rec#: 50524] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Koff SZ and Koff HV. A nursing response to the needs of the 

elderly. J Health Hum Serv Adm 97;20(2):182-96. 

[Rec#: 41817] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Koffman J, Higginson I, and Naysmith A. Hospice at 

home--a new service for patients with advanced 

HIV/AIDS: a pilot evaluation of referrals and outcomes. 

Br J Gen Pract 96;46(410):539-40. Comment in: Br J 

Gen Pract. 1998 Feb;48(427):1006. PMID: 9624779. 

[Rec#: 3987] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Koger, S. M., Chapin, K., and Brotons, M. Is Music Therapy 

an Effective Intervention for Dementia?A 

Meta-Analytic Review of Literature. J Music Ther 

99;36(1):2-15. [Rec#: 50138] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Koh NY and Koo WH. Polypharmacy in palliative care: can 

it be reduced? Singapore Med J 2002;43(6):279-83. 

Comment in: Singapore Med J. 2002 Jun;43(6):273-5. 

PMID: 12380721. [Rec#: 3994] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Kojlak J, Keenan SP, Plotkin D, Giles-Fysh N, and Sibbald 

WJ. Determining the potential need for a bereavement 

follow-up program: how well are family and health care 

workers' needs currently being met? Off J Can Assoc 

Crit Care Nurs 98;9(1):12-6. [Rec#: 3996] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Kokoska ER, Stapleton DR, Virgo KS, Johnson FE, and 

Wade TP. Quality of life measurements do not support 

palliative pancreatic cancer treatments. Int J Oncol 

98;13(6):1323-9. [Rec#: 3997] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Kolarik RC, Arnold RM, Fischer GS, and Tulsky JA. 

Objectives for advance care planning. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(5):697-704. [Rec#: 12765] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kolcaba KY and Fisher EM. A holistic perspective on 

comfort care as an advance directive. Crit Care Nurs Q 

96;18(4):66-76. [Rec#: 3999] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kolden GG, Strauman TJ, Ward A, Kuta J, Woods TE, 

Schneider KL, Heerey E, Sanborn L, Burt C, Millbrandt 

L, Kalin NH, Stewart JA, and Mullen B. A pilot study 

of group exercise training (GET) for women with 

primary breast cancer: feasibility and health benefits. 

Psychooncology 2002;11(5):447-56. [Rec#: 41820] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Koller PA. Family needs and coping strategies during illness 

crisis. AACN Clin Issues Crit Care Nurs 

91;2(2):338-45. [Rec#: 41828] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Komurcu S, Nelson KA, and Walsh D. The gastrointestinal 

symptoms of advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 

2001;9(1):32-9. [Rec#: 12766] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Konigova R. Do-not-resuscitate orders and withheld or 

withdrawn treatment. Acta Chir Plast 96;38(2):73-7. 

[Rec#: 12769] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Konsler G, Dalton JA, Carlson J, and Atkins J. Cancer pain 

management in North Carolina. Physician knowledge, 

attitude, and behavior. N C Med J 95;56(6):289-90. 

[Rec#: 12772] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Koop PM and Strang V. Predictors of bereavement outcomes 

in families of patients with cancer: a literature review. 

Can J Nurs Res 97;29(4):33-50. [Rec#: 12773] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Koop PM and Strang VR. The bereavement experience 

following home-based family caregiving for persons 

with advanced cancer. Clin Nurs Res 

2003;12(2):127-44. [Rec#: 4016] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Koopmanschap MA, van Ineveld BM, and Miltenburg TE. 

Costs of home care for advanced breast and cervical 

cancer in relation to cost-effectiveness of screening. 

Soc Sci Med 92;35(8):979-85. [Rec#: 4017] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-135 

Koopmeiners L, Post-White J, Gutknecht S, Ceronsky C, 

Nickelson K, Drew D, Mackey KW, and Kreitzer MJ. 

How healthcare professionals contribute to hope in 

patients with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 

97;24(9):1507-13. [Rec#: 4018] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Korda LJ and Pancrazio JJ. Self-esteem and hospice: 

applying principles to practice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

91;8(4):13-6. [Rec#: 12780] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Korenman S, Goldman N, and Fu H. Misclassification bias in 

estimates of bereavement effects. Am J Epidemiol 

97;145(11):995-1002. [Rec#: 4022] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Kornick, C. A., Santiago-Palma, J., Khojainova, N., 

Primavera, L. H., Payne, R., and Manfredi, P. L. A safe 

and effective method for converting cancer patients 

from intravenous to transdermal fentanyl. Cancer 

2001;92(12):3056-61. [Rec#: 50527] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Kornick, C. A., Santiago-Palma, J., Schulman, G., O'Brien, 

P. C., Weigand, S., Payne, R., and Manfredi, P. L. A 

safe and effective method for converting patients from 

transdermal to intravenous fentanyl for the treatment of 

acute cancer-related pain. Cancer 2003;97(12):3121-4. 

[Rec#: 50528] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Koroknay VJ, Werner P, Cohen-Mansfield J, and Braun JV. 

Maintaining ambulation in the frail nursing home 

resident: a nursing administered walking program. J 

Gerontol Nurs 95;21(11):18-24. [Rec#: 41832] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kosco M and Warren NA. Critical care nurses' perceptions of 

family needs as met. Crit Care Nurs Q 

2000;23(2):60-72. [Rec#: 41834] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Koster ME and Bergsma J. Problems and coping behaviour 

of facial cancer patients. Soc Sci Med 90;30(5):569-78. 

[Rec#: 12783] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kovacs PJ and Rodgers AY. Meeting the social service needs 

of persons with AIDS: hospices' response. Hosp J 

95;10(4):49-65. [Rec#: 12790] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Koval M and Dobie S. Why do the elderly seek or avoid 

care? A qualitative analysis. Fam Med 96;28(5):352-7. 

[Rec#: 41838] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kowalski LP and Carvalho AL. Natural history of untreated 

head and neck cancer. Eur J Cancer 2000;36(8):1032-7. 

[Rec#: 4037] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Kowalski LP, Bagietto R, Lara JR, Santos RL, Silva JF Jr, 

and Magrin J. Prognostic significance of the distribution 

of neck node metastasis from oral carcinoma. Head 

Neck 2000;22(3):207-14. [Rec#: 4036] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Krakauer EL, Crenner C, and Fox K. Barriers to optimum 

end-of-life care for minority patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2002;50(1):182-90. [Rec#: 12793] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Krakauer EL, Penson RT, Truog RD, King LA, Chabner BA, 

and Lynch TJ Jr. Sedation for intractable distress of a 

dying patient: acute palliative care and the principle of 

double effect. Oncologist 2000;5(1):53-62. 

[Rec#: 4041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Krakoff IH. Cessation of treatment in advanced cancer. 

Cancer 91;67(6 Suppl):1817-9. [Rec#: 12794] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Krassen Covan E. Cultural priorities and elder care: the 

impact on women. Health Care Women Int 

97;18(4):329-42. [Rec#: 41843] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kraus F, Levy J, and Oliviere D. Brief report on user 

involvement at St Christopher's Hospice. Palliat Med 

2003;17(4):375-7. [Rec#: 12800] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Krech RL and Walsh D. Symptoms of pancreatic cancer. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 91;6(6):360-7. [Rec#: 4053] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Krell R. Confronting despair: the Holocaust survivor's 

struggle with ordinary life and ordinary death. CMAJ 

97;157(6):741-4. Erratum in: CMAJ 1997 Dec 

1;157(11):1517. [Rec#: 12802] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kreps GJ. The impact of communication on cancer risk, 

incidence, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. 

Health Commun 2003;15(2):161-9. [Rec#: 12804] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kressig RW, Wolf SL, Sattin RW, O'Grady M, Greenspan A, 

Curns A, and Kutner M. Associations of demographic, 

functional, and behavioral characteristics with 

activity-related fear of falling among older adults 

transitioning to frailty. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2001;49(11):1456-62. [Rec#: 41851] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-136 

Kris MG, Roila F, De Mulder PH, and Marty M. Delayed 

emesis following anticancer chemotherapy. Support 

Care Cancer 98;6(3):228-32. [Rec#: 12806] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Krishnasamy M, Corner J, Bredin M, Plant H, and Bailey C. 

Cancer nursing practice development: understanding 

breathlessness. J Clin Nurs 2001;10(1):103-8. 

[Rec#: 12808] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Krishnasamy M. Fatigue in advanced cancer -- meaning 

before measurement? Int J Nurs Stud 

2000;37(5):401-14. [Rec#: 12807] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Krisman-Scott MA and McCorkle R. The tapestry of 

hospice. Holist Nurs Pract 2002;16(2):32-9. 

[Rec#: 12810] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Krisman-Scott MA. An historical analysis of disclosure of 

terminal status. J Nurs Scholarsh 2000;32(1):47-52. 

[Rec#: 12809] 

In abstract review process 

Kristjanson LJ and Balneaves L. Directions for palliative 

care nursing in Canada: report of a national survey. J 

Palliat Care 95;11(3):5-8. [Rec#: 12811] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kristjanson LJ and White K. Clinical support for families in 

the palliative care phase of hematologic or oncologic 

illness. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 

2002;16(3):745-62, xi. [Rec#: 12813] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kristjanson LJ, McPhee I, Pickstock S, Wilson D, Oldham L, 

and Martin K. Palliative care nurses' perceptions of 

good and bad deaths and care expectations: a qualitative 

analysis. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(3):129-39. 

[Rec#: 4064] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Kristjanson LJ, Nikoletti S, Porock D, Smith M, Lobchuk M, 

and Pedler P. Congruence between patients' and family 

caregivers' perceptions of symptom distress in patients 

with terminal cancer. J Palliat Care 98;14(3):24-32. 

[Rec#: 4065] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kristjanson LJ, Toye C, and Dawson S. New dimensions in 

palliative care: a palliative approach to 

neurodegenerative diseases and final illness in older 

people. Med J Aust 2003;179(6 Suppl):S41-3. 

[Rec#: 4067] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kristjanson, L. J. Indicators of quality of palliative care from 

a family perspective. Journal of Palliative Care 

86;1(2):8-17. [Rec#: 50529] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Kristjanson, L. J. Quality of terminal care: salient indicators 

identified by families. Journal of Palliative Care 

89;5(1):21-30. [Rec#: 50530] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Kristjanson, L. J., Atwood, J., and Degner, L. F. Validity and 

reliability of the family inventory of needs (FIN): 

measuring the care needs of families of advanced cancer 

patients. Journal of Nursing Measurement 

95;3(2):109-26. [Rec#: 50532] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Krivickas LS, Shockley L, and Mitsumoto H. Home care of 

patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). J 

Neurol Sci 97;152 Suppl 1:S82-9. [Rec#: 4068] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Krout RE. Music therapy with imminently dying hospice 

patients and their families: facilitating release near the 

time of death. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(2):129-34. [Rec#: 4075] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Krozek CF. Helping stressed families on an I.C.U. Nursing 

91;21(1):52-5. [Rec#: 12821] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kruijver, I. P., Kerkstra, A., Francke, A. L., Bensing, J. M., 

and van de Wiel, H. B. Evaluation of communication 

training programs in nursing care: a review of the 

literature. Patient Educ Couns 2000;39(1):129-45. 

[Rec#: 50139] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Krumholz HM, Chen YT, Wang Y, Vaccarino V, Radford 

MJ, and Horwitz RI. Predictors of readmission among 

elderly survivors of admission with heart failure. Am 

Heart J 2000;139(1 Pt 1):72-7. [Rec#: 50054] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Krumholz HM, Parent EM, Tu N, Vaccarino V, Wang Y, 

Radford MJ, and Hennen J. Readmission after 

hospitalization for congestive heart failure among 

Medicare beneficiaries. Arch Intern Med 

97;157(1):99-104. Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 1997 

Jan 13;157(1):17-9. PMID: 8996037. Comment in: Arch 

Intern Med. 1997 Jun 23;157(12):1393. PMID: 

9201020. [Rec#: 50055] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kruse W. Early readmission of elderly patients with 

congestive heart failure. J Am Geriatr Soc 

91;39(10):1045-6. Comment on: J Am Geriatr Soc. 

1990 Dec;38(12):1290-5. PMID: 2254567. 

[Rec#: 50056] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-137 

Ku Y, Iwasaki T, Fukumoto T, Tominaga M, Muramatsu S, 

Kusunoki N, Sugimoto T, Suzuki Y, Kuroda Y, Saitoh 

Y, Sako M, Matsumoto S, Hirota S, and Obara H. 

Induction of long-term remission in advanced 

hepatocellular carcinoma with percutaneous isolated 

liver chemoperfusion. Ann Surg 98;227(4):519-26. 

[Rec#: 4082] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Kub JE, Nolan MT, Hughes MT, Terry PB, Sulmasy DP, 

Astrow A, and Forman JH. Religious importance and 

practices of patients with a life-threatening illness: 

implications for screening protocols. Appl Nurs Res 

2003;16(3):196-200. [Rec#: 41861] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kuczewski MG and DeVita M. Managed care and end-of-life 

decisions: learning to live ungagged. Arch Intern Med 

98;158(22):2424-8. Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 

1998 Dec 7-21;158(22):2419-22. PMID: 9855378. 

[Rec#: 4087] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kuebler KK and Bruera E. Interactive collaborative 

consultation model in end-of-life care. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2000;20(3):202-9. [Rec#: 12830] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kuebler KK. The palliative care advanced practice nurse. J 

Palliat Med 2003;6(5):707-14. [Rec#: 12828] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kuhl D. Dancing across the lines: people in pain. J Palliat 

Care 95;11(2):26-9. [Rec#: 4088] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kumar A. Organization and development of pain clinics and 

palliative care in developing countries. Eur J 

Anaesthesiol 2004;21(3):169-72. [Rec#: 4095] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kuntz B. Exploring the grief of adolescents after the death of 

a parent. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 

91;4(3):105-9. [Rec#: 41868] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Age, not adults" 

Kunz R. [Palliative care for patients with advanced dementia: 

Evidence-based practice replaced by values-based 

practice]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2003;36(5):355-9. 

[Rec#: 4103] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Kuo LJ, Leu SY, Liu MC, Jian JJ, Hongiun Cheng S, and 

Chen CM. How aggressive should we be in patients 

with stage IV colorectal cancer? Dis Colon Rectum 

2003;46(12):1646-52. [Rec#: 4105] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Kurrle SE, Sadler PM, Lockwood K, and Cameron ID. Elder 

abuse: prevalence, intervention and outcomes in patients 

referred to four Aged Care Assessment Teams. Med J 

Aust 97;166(3):119-22. Comment in: Med J Aust. 1997 

Feb 3;166(3):115. PMID: 9059428. [Rec#: 41870] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Kutner JS, Blake M, and Meyer SA. Predictors of live 

hospice discharge: data from the National Home and 

Hospice Care Survey (NHHCS). Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2002;19(5):331-7. [Rec#: 4120] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Kutner JS, Steiner JF, Corbett KK, Jahnigen DW, and Barton 

PL. Information needs in terminal illness. Soc Sci Med 

99;48(10):1341-52. [Rec#: 4122] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kuuppelomaki M and Lauri S. Cancer patients' reported 

experiences of suffering. Cancer Nurs 98;21(5):364-9. 

[Rec#: 4128] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Kuuppelomaki M and Lauri S. Cancer patients' reported 

experiences of suffering. Clin J Oncol Nurs 

2000;4(1):45-6. [Rec#: 12847] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Kuuppelomaki M and Lauri S. Ethical dilemmas in the care 

of patients with incurable cancer. Nurs Ethics 

98;5(4):283-93. [Rec#: 4129] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kuuppelomaki M. Emotional support for dying patients--the 

nurses' perspective. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2003;7(2):120-9. 

[Rec#: 4124] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kuuppelomaki M. Ethical decision making on starting 

terminal care in different health-care units. J Adv Nurs 

93;18(2):276-80. [Rec#: 4125] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kuuppelomaki M. Spiritual support for terminally ill 

patients: nursing staff assessments. J Clin Nurs 

2001;10(5):660-70. [Rec#: 4127] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kuyvenhoven MM, Kastein M, Luttik K, and de Melker RA. 

Independently living disabled elderly: first results from 

an innovative home care project in Haarlem, The 

Netherlands. Home Health Care Serv Q 

95;15(2):99-110. [Rec#: 41873] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-138 

Kvale J, Berg L, Groff JY, and Lange G. Factors associated 

with residents' attitudes toward dying patients. Fam 

Med 99;31(10):691-6. Comment in: Fam Med. 2000 

Apr;32(4):226. PMID: 10782365. [Rec#: 4132] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Kwan C. Families' experiences of the last office of deceased 

family members in the hospice setting. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2002;8(6):266-75. [Rec#: 4135] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Kwan, C. Families' experiences of the last office of deceased 

family members in the hospice setting. International 

Journal of Palliative Nursing 2002;8(6):266-75. 

[Rec#: 50533] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Kylmala T, Tammela T, Risteli L, Risteli J, Taube T, and 

Elomaa I. Evaluation of the effect of oral clodronate on 

skeletal metastases with type 1 collagen metabolites. A 

controlled trial of the Finnish Prostate Cancer Group. 

Eur J Cancer 93;29A(6):821-5. [Rec#: 4142] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

La Puma J, Schiedermayer D, and Siegler M. How ethics 

consultation can help resolve dilemmas about dying 

patients. West J Med 95;163(3):263-7. [Rec#: 12855] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

La Puma J. What a physician can learn in the role of family 

member. Manag Care 97;6(11):85-6. [Rec#: 12854] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Labrecque MS, Peak T, and Toseland RW. Long-term 

effectiveness of a group program for caregivers of frail 

elderly veterans. Am J Orthopsychiatry 

92;62(4):575-88. [Rec#: 41875] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lackan NA, Freeman JL, and Goodwin JS. Hospice use by 

older women dying with breast cancer between 1991 

and 1996. J Palliat Care 2003;19(1):49-53. 

[Rec#: 4154] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lackan NA, Ostir GV, Freeman JL, Mahnken JD, and 

Goodwin JS. Decreasing variation in the use of hospice 

among older adults with breast, colorectal, lung, and 

prostate cancer. Med Care 2004;42(2):116-22. 

[Rec#: 4155] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

LaDuke S. Terminal dyspnea & palliative care. Am J Nurs 

2001;101(11):26-31. [Rec#: 4160] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lagergren M. The systems of care for frail elderly persons: 

the case of Sweden. Aging Clin Exp Res 

2002;14(4):252-7. [Rec#: 41879] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lagrand LE. United we cope: support groups for the dying 

and bereaved. Death Stud 91;15(2):207-30. 

[Rec#: 12870] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lamb VL. A cross-national study of quality of life factors 

associated with patterns of elderly disablement. Soc Sci 

Med 96;42(3):363-77. [Rec#: 41882] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Lamers WM Jr. Hospice: enhancing the quality of life. 

Oncology (Huntingt) 90;4(5):121-6; discussion 129. 

[Rec#: 12884] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lammers SR. Making Michigan a model in palliative care. 

Mich Med 98;98(9):18-22. [Rec#: 4169] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lamont EB and Christakis NA. Some elements of prognosis 

in terminal cancer. Oncology (Huntingt) 

99;13(8):1165-70; discussion 1172-4, 1179-80. 

[Rec#: 12887] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Lampley-Dallas VT, Mold JW, and Flori DE. Perceived 

needs of African-American caregivers of elders with 

dementia. J Natl Med Assoc 2001;93(2):47-57. 

[Rec#: 41883] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lamy O, Jenzer-Closuit A, and Burckhardt P. 

Hypercalcaemia of malignancy: an undiagnosed and 

undertreated disease. J Intern Med 2001;250(1):73-9. 

[Rec#: 12889] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lander M, Wilson K, and Chochinov HM. Depression and 

the dying older patient. Clin Geriatr Med 

2000;16(2):335-56. [Rec#: 4172] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Landi F, Cesari M, Russo A, Onder G, Lattanzio F, Bernabei 

R, and Silvernet-HC Study Group. Potentially reversible 

risk factors and urinary incontinence in frail older 

people living in community. Age Ageing 

2003;32(2):194-9. [Rec#: 41885] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Landi F, Cesari M, Russo A, Onder G, Sgadari A, Bernabei 

R, and Silvernet-HC Study Group. Benzodiazepines and 

the risk of urinary incontinence in frail older persons 

living in the community. Clin Pharmacol Ther 

2002;72(6):729-34. [Rec#: 41886] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-139 

Landi F, Gambassi G, Pola R, Tabaccanti S, Cavinato T, 

Carbonin PU, and Bernabei R. Impact of integrated 

home care services on hospital use. J Am Geriatr Soc 

99;47(12):1430-4. [Rec#: 41887] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Landi F, Lattanzio F, Gambassi G, Zuccala G, Sgadari A, 

Panfilo M, Ruffilli MP, and Bernabei R. A model for 

integrated home care of frail older patients: the Silver 

Network project. SILVERNET-HC Study Group. 

Aging (Milano) 99;11(4):262-72. [Rec#: 41888] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Landi F, Onder G, Cattel C, Gambassi G, Lattanzio F, Cesari 

M, Russo A, Bernabei R, and Silvernet-HC Study 

Group. Functional status and clinical correlates in 

cognitively impaired community-living older people. J 

Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2001;14(1):21-7. 

[Rec#: 41889] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Landi F, Onder G, Russo A, Tabaccanti S, Rollo R, Federici 

S, Tua E, Cesari M, and Bernabei R. A new model of 

integrated home care for the elderly: impact on hospital 

use. J Clin Epidemiol 2001;54(9):968-70. 

[Rec#: 41891] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Landi F, Onder G, Tua E, Carrara B, Zuccala G, Gambassi 

G, Carbonin P, Bernabei R, and Silvernet-HC Study 

Group of Bergamo. Impact of a new assessment system, 

the MDS-HC, on function and hospitalization of 

homebound older people: a controlled clinical trial. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(10):1288-93. [Rec#: 41892] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Landon L. 2000 Amulree Essay Prize. CPR--when is it 

acceptable to withhold it? And a hospital survey of 'not 

for CPR' orders. Age Ageing 2000;29 Suppl 1:9-16. 

[Rec#: 41894] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lane DA, Lip GY, and Millane TA. Quality of life in adults 

with congenital heart disease. Heart 2002;88(1):71-5. 

[Rec#: 4177] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lane P, Kuntupis M, MacDonald S, McCarthy P, Panke JA, 

Warden V, and Volicer L. A pain assessment tool for 

people with advanced Alzheimer's and other progressive 

dementias. Home Healthc Nurse 2003;21(1):32-7. 

[Rec#: 12895] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Langa KM, Chernew ME, Kabeto MU, and Katz SJ. The 

explosion in paid home health care in the 1990s: who 

received the additional services? Med Care 

2001;39(2):147-57. [Rec#: 41896] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Langenhoff BS, Krabbe PF, Wobbes T, and Ruers TJ. 

Quality of life as an outcome measure in surgical 

oncology. Br J Surg 2001;88(5):643-52. [Rec#: 12897] 

In abstract review process 

Langerman A, Angelos P, and Johnston C. Opinions and use 

of advance directives by physicians at a tertiary care 

hospital. Qual Manag Health Care 2000;8(3):14-8. 

[Rec#: 4191] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Langford JM. Death and Dying in Ethnic America: Findings 

in Lao Lum, Khmu, Hmong, Kher, and Cham 

Communities. 2000;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50535] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Langs R. Adaptive insights into death anxiety. Psychoanal 

Rev 2003;90(4):565-82. [Rec#: 41898] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lantz EJ. Life-or-death decisions and informed consent. 

Communication key to hospital informed consent 

policies. QRC Advis 99;15(6):8-12. [Rec#: 41902] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lapine A, Wang-Cheng R, Goldstein M, Nooney A, Lamb 

G, and Derse AR. When cultures clash: physician, 

patient, and family wishes in truth disclosure for dying 

patients. J Palliat Med 2001;4(4):475-80. [Rec#: 4207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lark J and Gatti C. Compliance with advance directives: 

nursing's view. Crit Care Nurs Q 99;22(3):65-71. 

[Rec#: 4209] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Larkin GL. Termination of resuscitation: the art of clinical 

decision making. Curr Opin Crit Care 2002;8(3):224-9. 

[Rec#: 41903] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Larsen G. Family members' experiences with 

do-not-resuscitate (DNR). J Fam Issues 

99;20(2):269-89. [Rec#: 41904] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Larson DG and Tobin DR. End-of-life conversations: 

evolving practice and theory. JAMA 

2000;284(12):1573-8. [Rec#: 12913] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-140 

Larson JS and Larson KK. Evaluating end-of-life care from 

the perspective of the patient's family. Eval Health Prof 

2002;25(2):143-51. [Rec#: 4211] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Laschinger SJ and Fothergill-Bourbonnais F. The experience 

of pain in persons with HIV/AIDS. J Assoc Nurses 

AIDS Care 99;10(5):59-67. [Rec#: 4214] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Last Acts Task Force on Palliative Care. Precepts of 

Palliative Care. 1997;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50537] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Last Acts. Means to a Better End: A Report on Dying in 

America Today. 2002;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50536] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Latagliata R, Alimena G, Carmosino I, Breccia M, Borza PA, 

Bongarzoni V, Copia C, Spadea A, Pinazzi B, Frattarelli 

N, Ferrara F, Petti MC, and Mandelli F. Conservative 

treatment for patients over 80 years with acute 

myelogenous leukemia. Am J Hematol 

2002;71(4):256-9. [Rec#: 4216] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Latagliata R, Petti MC, and Mandelli F. Acute myeloid 

leukemia in the elderly: 'per aspera ad astra'? Leuk Res 

99;23(7):603-13. [Rec#: 4217] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Latham D. How the district nurse cares for the terminally ill 

patient with cachexia. Br J Community Nurs 

2001;6(1):5-10. [Rec#: 12922] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Latimer E. Caring for seriously ill and dying patients: the 

philosophy and ethics. CMAJ 91;144(7):859-64. 

[Rec#: 12923] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Latimer EA, Verrilli D, and Welch WP. Utilization of 

physician services at the end of life: differences between 

the United States and Canada. Inquiry 99;36(1):90-100. 

[Rec#: 4218] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Latimer EJ and Dawson HR. Palliative care: principles and 

pracice. Section of Palliative Care, Ontario Medical 

Association. CMAJ 93;148(6):933-6. Comment in: 

CMAJ. 1993 Mar 15;148(6):891-6. PMID: 7680600. 

[Rec#: 12926] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Latimer EJ, Porterfield P, and Roberts JG. A patient care 

travelling record for palliative care: a feasibility study. 

J Palliat Care 91;7(2):30-6. [Rec#: 4221] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Latimer EJ. Ethical care at the end of life. CMAJ 

98;158(13):1741-7. Comment in: CMAJ. 1998 Nov 

3;159(9):1081-2. PMID: 9835870. Comment in: CMAJ. 

1998 Oct 20;159(8):919-20. PMID: 9834711. 

[Rec#: 4219] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Latimer EJ. The ethics of partial palliative care. J Palliat 

Care 94;10(3):107-10. [Rec#: 12925] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lau WY, Leung KL, Leung TW, Ho S, Chan M, Liew CK, 

Leung N, Johnson P, and Li AK. Obstructive jaundice 

secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Oncol 

95;4(6):303-8. [Rec#: 4225] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Laukhuf G and Werner H. Spirituality: the missing link. J 

Neurosci Nurs 98;30(1):60-7. [Rec#: 4231] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Laval G, Girardier J, Lassauniere JM, Leduc B, Haond C, 

and Schaerer R. The use of steroids in the management 

of inoperable intestinal obstruction in terminal cancer 

patients: do they remove the obstruction? Palliat Med 

2000;14(1):3-10. [Rec#: 4236] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Lavery M. Death and dying, oh no! Sr Nurse 93;13(6):32-5. 

[Rec#: 12933] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Law R. The quality of district nursing care for dying patients. 

Nurs Stand 97;12(7):41-4. [Rec#: 12934] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Lawhorne LW, Walker G, Zweig SC, and Snyder J. Who 

cares for Missouri's Medicaid nursing home residents? 

Characteristics of attending physicians. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 93;41(4):454-8. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 

1993 Apr;41(4):459. PMID: 8463536. [Rec#: 50058] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lawhorne LW. End-of-life care in the nursing home--is a 

good death compatible with regulatory compliance? 

Bioethics Forum 99;15(3):23-8. [Rec#: 4244] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lawlor PG and Bruera ED. Delirium in patients with 

advanced cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 

2002;16(3):701-14. [Rec#: 12937] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lawlor PG. Delirium and dehydration: some fluid for 

thought? Support Care Cancer 2002;10(6):445-54. 

Comment in: Support Care Cancer. 2002 

Sep;10(6):443-4. PMID: 12362918. [Rec#: 12936] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-141 

Lawlor, P. G., Turner, K. S., Hanson, J., and Bruera, E. D. 

Dose ratio between morphine and methadone in patients 

with cancer pain: a retrospective study. Cancer 

98;82(6):1167-73. [Rec#: 50539] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Lawlor, P. G., Watanabe, S., Walker, P., and Bruera, E. Re: 

Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale and commentary. 

Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

98;15(2):73-5. [Rec#: 50540] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lawrence L. "Till death do us part": the application of object 

relations theory to facilitate mourning in a young 

widows' group. Soc Work Health Care 92;16(3):67-81. 

[Rec#: 4247] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lawrie I, Lloyd-Williams M, and Waterhouse E. 

Breakthrough strong opioid analgesia prescription in 

patients using transdermal fentanyl admitted to a 

hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(3):229-30. 

Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2003 

Sep-Oct;20(5):334. PMID: 14529035. [Rec#: 12939] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Layde PM, Beam CA, Broste SK, Connors AF Jr, Desbiens 

N, Lynn J, Phillips RS, Reding D, Teno J, Vidaillet H, 

and et al. Surrogates' predictions of seriously ill patients' 

resuscitation preferences. Arch Fam Med 

95;4(6):518-23. Comment in: Arch Fam Med. 1995 

Jun;4(6):503-4. PMID: 7773424. [Rec#: 41915] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Layson RT, Adelman HM, Wallach PM, Pfeifer MP, 

Johnston S, and McNutt RA. Discussions about the use 

of life-sustaining treatments: a literature review of 

physicians' and patients' attitudes and practices. End of 

Life Study Group. J Clin Ethics 94;5(3):195-203. 

Comment in: J Clin Ethics. 1994 Fall;5(3):250-1. 

PMID: 7841478. Comment in: J Clin Ethics. 1994 

Fall;5(3):253-6. PMID: 7841479. [Rec#: 12946] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Lazaro L, Marcos T, and Valdes M. Affective disorders, 

social support, and health status in geriatric patients in a 

general hospital. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 

95;17(4):299-304. [Rec#: 41917] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lazerowich V. Development of a patient classification 

system for a home-based hospice program. J 

Community Health Nurs 95;12(2):121-6. [Rec#: 12950] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lazowski DA, Ecclestone NA, Myers AM, Paterson DH, 

Tudor-Locke C, Fitzgerald C, Jones G, Shima N, and 

Cunningham DA. A randomized outcome evaluation of 

group exercise programs in long-term care institutions. 

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 99;54(12):M621-8. 

[Rec#: 41918] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Leahy JM. Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression 

Inventory-Short Form in a group of adult bereaved 

females. J Clin Psychol 92;48(1):64-8. [Rec#: 4260] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Leahy ME. Factors affecting end-stage disease quality of life. 

Patient and caregiver burdens of terminal illness. Clin J 

Oncol Nurs 2000;4(6):285-6. [Rec#: 12956] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lear MW. Should doctors tell the truth? The case against 

terminal candor. N Y Times Mag 93;16-7. 

[Rec#: 12958] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lebowitz, B. D., Pearson, J. L., Schneider, L. S., Reynolds, 

C. F. 3rd, Alexopoulos, G. S., and Bruce, M. L. 

Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late 

life-consensus statement update. Journal of the 

American Medical Association 97;248:1186-1190. 

[Rec#: 50542] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lechich AJ. The elements of risk for the institutionalized 

elderly. J Long Term Home Health Care 

97;16(2):56-61. [Rec#: 41919] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lecouturier J, Jacoby A, Bradshaw C, Lovel T, and Eccles 

M. Lay carers' satisfaction with community palliative 

care: results of a postal survey. South Tyneside MAAG 

Palliative Care Study Group. Palliat Med 

99;13(4):275-83. [Rec#: 12963] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Leder SN. Life events, social support, and children's 

competence after parent and sibling death. J Pediatr 

Nurs 92;7(2):110-9. [Rec#: 41920] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Age, not adults" 

Leduc N, Tannenbaum TN, Bergman H, Champagne F, 

Clarfield AM, and Kogan S. Compliance of frail elderly 

with health services prescribed at discharge from an 

acute-care geriatric ward. Med Care 98;36(6):904-14. 

[Rec#: 41921] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lee AL. Living benefits: a right of the terminally ill. Boston 

Univ Public Interest Law J 92;2(1):55-76. 

[Rec#: 12967] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-142 

Lee AO. End-of-life care: challenges and obligations in 

setting limits to life-sustaining therapy. Ann Acad Med 

Singapore 2003;32(6):785-9. [Rec#: 4272] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lee DS, McPherson ML, and Zuckerman IH. Quality 

assurance: documentation of pain assessment in hospice 

patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 92;9(1):38-43. 

[Rec#: 12969] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lee F. Future End-of-Life Care: Best Ideas, Practices, and 

Policies: Proceedings of the W.K.Kellogg Foundation 

National Leadership Seminar. Warrenton, VA, USA. 

November 17-20, 2001. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2002;5(2):239-41. [Rec#: 50163] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Lee G. Death in the workplace. AAOHN J 94;42(12):590-4. 

Comment in: AAOHN J. 1995 Mar;43(3):122. PMID: 

7702677. [Rec#: 12970] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Lee JA. Balancing elder care responsibilities and work: two 

empirical studies. J Occup Health Psychol 

97;2(3):220-8. [Rec#: 41922] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lee KF. Future end-of-life care: partnership and advocacy. J 

Palliat Med 2002;5(2):329-34. [Rec#: 12972] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lee L. Interprofessional working in hospice day care and the 

patients' experience of the service. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(8):389-400. [Rec#: 4285] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Lee OJ and Pilkington FB. Practice with persons living their 

dying: a human becoming perspective. Nurs Sci Q 

99;12(4):324-8. [Rec#: 4295] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lee R. Peaceful passing. Nursing 95;25(6):17. [Rec#: 4296] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lee S, Cowie S, and Slobodian P. Payment by salary or 

fee-for-service. Effect on health care resource use in the 

last year of life. Can Fam Physician 99;45:2091-6. 

[Rec#: 41924] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lee T, Kovner CT, Mezey MD, and Ko IS. Factors 

influencing long-term home care utilization by the older 

population: implications for targeting. Public Health 

Nurs 2001;18(6):443-9. [Rec#: 41927] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Lee T. The relationship between severity of physical 

impairment and costs of care in an elderly population. 

Geriatr Nurs 2000;21(2):102-6. [Rec#: 41926] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lee W, Eng C, Fox N, and Etienne M. PACE: a model for 

integrated care of frail older patients. Program of 

All-inclusive Care for the Elderly. Geriatrics 

98;53(6):62, 65-6, 69, 73; quiz 74. [Rec#: 41928] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lee Y. The predictive value of self assessed general, 

physical, and mental health on functional decline and 

mortality in older adults. J Epidemiol Community 

Health 2000;54(2):123-9. [Rec#: 4298] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Lee, M. A., Smith, D. M., Fenn, D. S., and Ganzini, L. Do 

patients' treatment decisions match advance statements 

of their preferences? Journal of Clinical Ethics 

98;9(3):258-62. [Rec#: 50543] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lee, P. E., Gill, S. S., Freedman, M., Bronskill, S. E., 

Hillmer, M. P., and Rochon, P. A. Atypical 

antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of behavioural and 

psychological symptoms of dementia: systematic 

review. BMJ 2004;329(7457):75. [Rec#: 50855] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Lee, S. J., Back, A. L., Block, S. D., and Stewart, S. K. 

Enhancing physician-patient communication. 

Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 

2002;464-83. [Rec#: 50544] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Leeson GW. General and specific aspects of emergency 

response systems in Denmark. Home Health Care Serv 

Q 92;13(3-4):41-55. [Rec#: 41929] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Leeson GW. The situation of the elderly in Denmark. Dan 

Med Bull 92;39(3):220-3. [Rec#: 41930] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Leff EW and Lambert P. Improving the performance of 

continuous care hospice nurses. Home Healthc Nurse 

2001;19(2):95-102. [Rec#: 12985] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Leff EW, Cohen CE, and Wright BJ. Avoiding the pitfalls of 

hospice continuous care. Home Healthc Nurse 

2001;19(1):31-6; quiz 37. [Rec#: 12984] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lefroy RB, Davey M, Hyndman J, and Hobbs MS. A study 

of the characteristics and needs of people transferred 

from acute hospitals to nursing homes. Med J Aust 

93;159(6):385-8. [Rec#: 50059] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lefroy RB, Hobbs MS, and Hyndman J. A five-year study of 

residents of a special hostel for people with dementia. 

Aust J Public Health 92;16(1):98-102. [Rec#: 50060] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-143 

LeGardeur BY, Fe-Bornstein M, and Lopez A. The use of 

video tape in teaching how psychological factors 

influence nutritional status in chronic/terminal illness. J 

Cancer Educ 91;6(4):213-7. [Rec#: 4308] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Legendre H, Vanhuyse F, Caroli-Bosc FX, and Pector JC. 

Survival and quality of life after palliative surgery for 

neoplastic gastrointestinal obstruction. Eur J Surg 

Oncol 2001;27(4):364-7. [Rec#: 4309] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Leggat JE Jr, Swartz RD, and Port FK. Withdrawal from 

dialysis: a review with an emphasis on the black 

experience. Adv Ren Replace Ther 97;4(1):22-9. 

[Rec#: 12986] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

LeGrand SB, Tropiano P, Marx JD, Davis MP, and Walsh D. 

Dying at home: emergency medications for terminal 

symptoms. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001;18(6):421-3. 

[Rec#: 12989] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

LeGrand SB. Communication in advanced disease. Curr 

Oncol Rep 2000;2(4):358-61. [Rec#: 12988] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Leibowitz C and Browing S. The expanded team--hospice in 

the LTC facility. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

95;12(2):16-7. [Rec#: 12995] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Leibson C, Owens T, O'Brien P, Waring S, Tangalos E, 

Hanson V, Plevak M, and Kokmen E. Use of physician 

and acute care services by persons with and without 

Alzheimer's disease: a population-based comparison. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 99;47(7):864-9. [Rec#: 50061] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Leichtentritt RD and Rettig KD. The good death: reaching an 

inductive understanding. Omega (Westport) 

2000;41(3):221-48. [Rec#: 4314] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Leichtling B. Dealing with dying, death and grief. Caring 

2004;23(1):38-9. [Rec#: 12996] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Leighl NB, Shepherd FA, Kwong R, Burkes RL, Feld R, and 

Goodwin PJ. Economic analysis of the TAX 317 trial: 

docetaxel versus best supportive care as second-line 

therapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin 

Oncol 2002;20(5):1344-52. [Rec#: 12998] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Leikas J, Salo J, and Poramo R. Security alarm system 

supports independent living of demented persons. Stud 

Health Technol Inform 98;48:402-5. [Rec#: 50062] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Leipzig, R. M., Hyer, K., Ek, K., Wallenstein, S., Vezina, M. 

L., Fairchild, S., Cassel, C. K., and Howe, J. L. 

Attitudes toward working on interdisciplinary 

healthcare teams: a comparison by discipline. Journal 

of the American Geriatrics Society 2002;50(6):1141-8. 

[Rec#: 50545] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Lekan-Rutledge D and Colling J. Urinary incontinence in the 

frail elderly: even when it's too late to prevent a 

problem, you can still slow its progress. Am J Nurs 

2003;Suppl:36-46. [Rec#: 41941] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Leland J. Advance directives and establishing the goals of 

care. Prim Care 2001;28(2):349-63. [Rec#: 13001] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Leland JY and Schonwetter RS. Advances in hospice care. 

Clin Geriatr Med 97;13(2):381-401. [Rec#: 4317] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Leland JY. Death and dying: management of patients with 

end-stage disease. Clin Geriatr Med 2000;16(4):875-94. 

[Rec#: 4316] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Leliopoulo C, Wilkinson S M, Fellowes D. Does truth telling 

improve psychological distress of palliative care 

patients: a systematic review. 2001;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50851] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Lelli G, Montanari M, Gilli G, Scapoli D, Antonietti C, and 

Scapoli D. Treatment of the cancer anorexia-cachexia 

syndrome: a critical reappraisal. J Chemother 

2003;15(3):220-5. [Rec#: 13002] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lemkin P. Cardiac care--the newest treatment in home care. 

Caring 94;13(2):22-4, 26. [Rec#: 13004] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lemkin, P. The challenges & rewards of a hospice volunteer 

program. Caring 2001;20(2):38-9. [Rec#: 50546] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lens V and Pollack D. Advance directives: legal remedies 

and psychosocial interventions. Death Stud 

2000;24(5):377-99. [Rec#: 13010] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Lentzner HR, Pamuk ER, Rhodenhiser EP, Rothenberg R, 

and Powell-Griner E. The quality of life in the year 

before death. Am J Public Health 92;82(8):1093-8. 

[Rec#: 4322] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-144 

Lenze EJ, Rogers JC, Martire LM, Mulsant BH, Rollman 

BL, Dew MA, Schulz R, and Reynolds CF 3rd. The 

association of late-life depression and anxiety with 

physical disability: a review of the literature and 

prospectus for future research. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2001;9(2):113-35. [Rec#: 41945] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Leonard KM, Enzle SS, McTavish J, Cumming CE, and 

Cumming DC. Prolonged cancer death. A family affair. 

Cancer Nurs 95;18(3):222-7. [Rec#: 13015] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lerner EB, Billittier AJ, and Hallinan K. Out-of-hospital 

do-not-resuscitate orders by primary care physicians. J 

Emerg Med 2002;23(4):425-8. Comment in: J Emerg 

Med. 2002 Nov;23(4):419-20. PMID: 12480029. 

[Rec#: 41952] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Leske JS and Jiricka MK. Impact of family demands and 

family strengths and capabilities on family well-being 

and adaptation after critical injury. Am J Crit Care 

98;7(5):383-92. [Rec#: 41959] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

Leske JS. Comparison ratings of need importance after 

critical illness from family members with varied 

demographic characteristics. Crit Care Nurs Clin North 

Am 92;4(4):607-13. [Rec#: 41954] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Leske JS. Interventions to decrease family anxiety. Crit Care 

Nurse 2002;22(6):61-5. [Rec#: 41956] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Leske JS. Needs of adult family members after critical 

illness: prescriptions for interventions. Crit Care Nurs 

Clin North Am 92;4(4):587-96. [Rec#: 41957] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Leske JS. Overview of family needs after critical illness: 

from assessment to intervention. AACN Clin Issues 

Crit Care Nurs 91;2(2):220-9. [Rec#: 41958] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lester D. Death anxiety, death depression, and death 

obsession. Psychol Rep 2003;93(3 Pt 1):695-6. 

[Rec#: 4335] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lethem W. Nursing home nurses deliver palliative care. 

Nurs Times 99;95(44):55. [Rec#: 13030] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Letizia M, Zerby B, Hammer K, and Tinnon W. The 

development of a hospice junior volunteer program. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2000;17(6):385-8. 

[Rec#: 41967] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Letourneau N, Huber ML, Johnson RS, Vachon ML, and 

McDonnell TP. Talking about death with the terminally 

ill. Cancer Pract 96;4(4):177-9. [Rec#: 4352] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Leung KK, Chien WT, and Mackenzie AE. Needs of Chinese 

families of critically ill patients. West J Nurs Res 

2000;22(7):826-40. [Rec#: 41969] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lev EL and McCorkle R. Loss, grief, and bereavement in 

family members of cancer patients. Semin Oncol Nurs 

98;14(2):145-51. [Rec#: 13035] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lev EL. Dealing with loss: concerns of patients and families 

in a hospice setting. Clin Nurse Spec 91;5(2):87-93. 

[Rec#: 13034] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Levenson JL and Bemis C. The role of psychological factors 

in cancer onset and progression. Psychosomatics 

91;32(2):124-32. [Rec#: 13036] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Levin PD and Sprung CL. Cultural differences at the end of 

life. Crit Care Med 2003;31(5 Suppl):S354-7. 

[Rec#: 13040] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Levine KM. The shift to palliative care. New model can 

improve quality of life in long-term care. Contemp 

Longterm Care 2000;23(2):27. [Rec#: 13041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Levine, C. The Many Worlds of Family Caregivers. 

2000;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50547] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Levinsky NG, Yu W, Ash A, Moskowitz M, Gazelle G, 

Saynina O, and Emanuel EJ. Influence of age on 

Medicare expenditures and medical care in the last year 

of life. JAMA 2001;286(11):1349-55. [Rec#: 4369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Levorato A, Stiefel F, Mazzocato C, and Bruera E. 

Communication with terminal cancer patients in 

palliative care: are there differences between nurses and 

physicians? Support Care Cancer 2001;9(6):420-7. 

Comment in: Support Care Cancer. 2001 

Sep;9(6):401-2. PMID: 11585265. [Rec#: 4370] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Levy LH. Anticipatory grief: its measurement and proposed 

reconceptualization. Hosp J 91;7(4):1-28. Erratum in: 

Hosp J 1992;8(4):following 83. [Rec#: 4372] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-145 

Levy M. Controlling cancer and its symptoms. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 93;10(1):19-27. [Rec#: 13046] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Levy MH, Rosen SM, Ottery FD, and Hermann J. Supportive 

care in oncology. Curr Probl Cancer 92;16(6):329-418. 

[Rec#: 13050] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Levy MH, Weinstein SM, Carducci MA, and NCCN 

Palliative Care Practice Guidelines Panel. NCCN: 

Palliative care. Cancer Control 2001;8(6 Suppl 

2):66-71. [Rec#: 13051] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Levy MH. Living with cancer: hospice/palliative care. J Natl 

Cancer Inst 93;85(16):1283-7. [Rec#: 13047] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Levy MM and Carlet J. Compassionate end-of-life care in the 

intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2001;29(2 

Suppl):N1. [Rec#: 4375] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Levy MM. End-of-life care in the intensive care unit: can we 

do better? Crit Care Med 2001;29(2 Suppl):N56-61. 

[Rec#: 13053] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Levy MM. Evaluating our end-of-life practice. Crit Care 

2001;5(4):182-3. [Rec#: 13054] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Levy, M. M. Palliative care in respiratory care: conference 

summary. Respiratory Care 2000;45(12):1534-40. 

[Rec#: 50548] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lewis ID and McBride M. Anticipatory grief and chronicity: 

Elders and families in racial/ethnic minority groups. 

Geriatr Nurs 2004;25(1):44-7. [Rec#: 4380] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lewis M, Pearson V, Corcoran-Perry S, and Narayan S. 

Decision making by elderly patients with cancer and 

their caregivers. Cancer Nurs 97;20(6):389-97. 

[Rec#: 4383] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Leydon, G. M., Boulton, M., Moynihan, C., Jones, A., 

Mossman, J., Boudioni, M., and McPherson, K. Cancer 

patients' information needs and information seeking 

behaviour: in depth interview study. BMJ 

2000;320(7239):909-13. [Rec#: 50549] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Li JM. Pain management in the hospitalized patient. Med 

Clin North Am 2002;86(4):771-95. [Rec#: 13069] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Li LW, Seltzer MM, and Greenberg JS. Social support and 

depressive symptoms: differential patterns in wife and 

daughter caregivers. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 

97;52(4):S200-11. [Rec#: 41990] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Liao Y, McGee DL, Cao G, and Cooper RS. Quality of the 

last year of life of older adults: 1986 vs 1993. JAMA 

2000;283(4):512-8. Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Sep 

27;284(12):1513-5. PMID: 11000638. Comment in: 

JAMA. 2000 Sep 27;284(12):1513; author reply 1514-5. 

PMID: 11000636. Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Sep 

27;284(12):1513; author reply 1514-5. PMID: 

11000637. [Rec#: 41991] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Liao, S. and Ferrell, B. A. Fatigue in an older population. 

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

2000;48(4):426-30. [Rec#: 50550] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Liaschenko J. A sense of place for patients: living and dying. 

Home Care Provid 96;1(5):270-2. [Rec#: 13076] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Librach, S. L. Role of family physicians in end-of-life care. 

Rhetoric, role, and reality. Canadian Family Physician 

2001;47:1941-3, 1949-51. [Rec#: 50551] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lichtenstein P, Gatz M, and Berg S. A twin study of 

mortality after spousal bereavement. Psychol Med 

98;28(3):635-43. [Rec#: 4403] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lichtenstein P, Gatz M, Pedersen NL, Berg S, and McClearn 

GE. A co-twin--control study of response to 

widowhood. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 

96;51(5):P279-89. [Rec#: 4404] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Lichter I and Hunt E. The last 48 hours of life. J Palliat Care 

90;6(4):7-15. [Rec#: 4408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Lickiss JN and Hacker NF. Care of the patient close to death. 

Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 

2001;15(2):333-40. [Rec#: 13084] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lickiss JN. Palliative care and melanoma: the care of the 

patient with progressive disease. World J Surg 

92;16(2):282-6. [Rec#: 13083] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Liken MA and Collins CE. Grieving: facilitating the process 

for dementia caregivers. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health 

Serv 93;31(1):21-6. [Rec#: 4419] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-146 

Lile JL and Hoffman R. Medication-taking by the frail 

elderly in two ethnic groups. Nurs Forum 

91;26(4):19-24. [Rec#: 41998] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Limerick M. Communicating with surrogate decision-makers 

in end-of-life situations: substitutive descriptive 

language for the healthcare provider. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2002;19(6):376-80. [Rec#: 13097] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lin CC, Lai YL, and Lo EC. Life-extending therapies among 

patients with advanced cancer: patients' levels of pain 

and family caregivers' concerns about pain relief. 

Cancer Nurs 2001;24(6):430-5. [Rec#: 4434] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Lin HR and Bauer-Wu SM. Psycho-spiritual well-being in 

patients with advanced cancer: an integrative review of 

the literature. J Adv Nurs 2003;44(1):69-80. 

[Rec#: 13098] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Lindemann E. Symptomatology and management of acute 

grief. 1944. Am J Psychiatry 94;151(6 Suppl):155-60. 

[Rec#: 13100] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Linden B. Severe heart failure: a focus on the quality of care. 

Nurs Times 95;91(33):38-9. [Rec#: 13101] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Linden M and Barnow S. 1997 IPA/Bayer Research Awards 

in Psychogeriatrics. The wish to die in very old persons 

near the end of life: a psychiatric problem? Results from 

the Berlin Aging Study. Int Psychogeriatr 

97;9(3):291-307. [Rec#: 4442] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Linder, J., Enders, S. R., Craig, E., Richardson, J., and 

Meyers, F. J. Hospice care for the incarcerated in the 

United States: an introduction. Journal of Palliative 

Care 2002;5(4):549-552. [Rec#: 50552] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lindley-Davis B. Process of dying. Defining characteristics. 

Cancer Nurs 91;14(6):328-33. [Rec#: 4446] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Ling J. Audit in practice: the referral of dying patients to 

palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs 2000;6(8):375-9. 

[Rec#: 4452] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Linkewich B, Setliff AE, Poling M, Bailey S, Sellick S, and 

Kelley ML. Communicating at life's end. Can Nurse 

99;95(5):41-4. [Rec#: 4456] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Linklater GT, Leng ME, Tiernan EJ, Lee MA, and Chambers 

WA. Pain management services in palliative care: a 

national survey. Palliat Med 2002;16(5):435-9. 

[Rec#: 13112] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Links M and Kramer J. Breaking bad news: realistic versus 

unrealistic hopes. Support Care Cancer 94;2(2):91-3. 

[Rec#: 13113] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lintz KC, Penson RT, Cassem N, Harmon DC, Chabner BA, 

and Lynch TJ. A staff dialogue on aggressive palliative 

treatment demanded by a terminally ill patient: 

psychosocial issues faced by patients, their families, and 

caregivers. Oncologist 99;4(1):70-6. [Rec#: 4458] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lintz KC, Penson RT, Chabner BA, Mack S, and Lynch TJ. 

Schwartz Center Rounds. A Staff Dialogue on Phase I 

Trials: Psychosocial Issues Faced by Patients, Their 

Families, and Caregivers. Oncologist 98;3(5):357-364. 

[Rec#: 4459] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lipman AG, Rajagopal MR, and Mazza D. Hospice and 

palliative care: a universal human imperative-lessons for 

the world from the innovators. J Pain Palliat Care 

Pharmacother 2003;17(3-4):xxxvii-xlii. [Rec#: 4461] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lipman, A. G. Analgesic drugs for neuropathic and 

sympathetically maintained pain. Clinics in Geriatric 

Medicine 96;12(3):501-15. [Rec#: 50553] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lipsett PA, Swoboda SM, Campbell KA, Cornwell E 3rd, 

Dorman T, and Pronovost PJ. Sickness Impact Profile 

Score versus a Modified Short-Form survey for 

functional outcome assessment: acceptability, 

reliability, and validity in critically ill patients with 

prolonged intensive care unit stays. J Trauma 

2000;49(4):737-43. [Rec#: 42013] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lipsett PA, Swoboda SM, Dickerson J, Ylitalo M, Gordon T, 

Breslow M, Campbell K, Dorman T, Pronovost P, and 

Rosenfeld B. Survival and functional outcome after 

prolonged intensive care unit stay. Ann Surg 

2000;231(2):262-8. [Rec#: 42014] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-147 

Lissoni P, Barni S, Fossati V, Ardizzoia A, Cazzaniga M, 

Tancini G, and Frigerio F. A randomized study of 

neuroimmunotherapy with low-dose subcutaneous 

interleukin-2 plus melatonin compared to supportive 

care alone in patients with untreatable metastatic solid 

tumour. Support Care Cancer 95;3(3):194-7. 

[Rec#: 4469] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Liu K. A data perspective on long-term care. Gerontologist 

94;34(4):476-80. [Rec#: 42021] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Liukkonen A. Life in a nursing home for the frail elderly: 

daily routines. Clin Nurs Res 95;4(4):358-70; 

discussion 371-2. [Rec#: 42022] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Livadiotakis G, Gutman G, and Hollander MJ. Rationing 

home care resources: how discharged seniors cope. 

Home Health Care Serv Q 2003;22(2):31-42. 

[Rec#: 42023] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Livingston G, Watkin V, Milne B, Manela MV, and Katona 

C. Who becomes depressed? The Islington community 

study of older people. J Affect Disord 

2000;58(2):125-33. [Rec#: 42024] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Llamas KJ, Pickhaver AM, and Piller NB. Mainstreaming 

palliative care for cancer patients in the acute hospital 

setting. Palliat Med 2001;15(3):207-12. [Rec#: 13127] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Llano Escobar A. Human dying has changed. Bull Pan Am 

Health Organ 90;24(4):446-53. [Rec#: 13128] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Llewellyn-Jones RH, Baikie KA, Castell S, Andrews CL, 

Baikie A, Pond CD, Willcock SM, Snowdon J, and 

Tennant CC. How to help depressed older people living 

in residential care: a multifaceted shared-care 

intervention for late-life depression. Int Psychogeriatr 

2001;13(4):477-92. [Rec#: 42025] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lloyd Williams M and Payne S. A qualitative study of 

clinical nurse specialists' views on depression in 

palliative care patients. Palliat Med 2003;17(4):334-8. 

[Rec#: 4502] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Lloyd-Williams M and Friedman T. Depression in palliative 

care patients--a prospective study. Eur J Cancer Care 

(Engl) 2001;10(4):270-4. [Rec#: 4499] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Lloyd-Williams M and Payne S. Nurse specialist assessment 

and management of palliative care patients who are 

depressed--a study of perceptions and attitudes. J 

Palliat Care 2002;18(4):270-4. [Rec#: 13144] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lloyd-Williams M and Rashid A. An analysis of calls to an 

out-of-hours palliative care advice line. Public Health 

2003;117(2):125-7. [Rec#: 13145] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lloyd-Williams M, Dennis M, Taylor F, and Baker I. Is 

asking patients in palliative care, "are you depressed?" 

Appropriate? Prospective study. BMJ 

2003;327(7411):372-3. [Rec#: 4495] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lloyd-Williams M, Friedman T, and Rudd N. A survey of 

psychosocial service provision within hospices. Palliat 

Med 99;13(5):431-2. [Rec#: 13142] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lloyd-Williams M, Spiller J, and Ward J. Which depression 

screening tools should be used in palliative care? Palliat 

Med 2003;17(1):40-3. [Rec#: 4504] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Lloyd-Williams M, Wilkinson C, and Lloyd-Williams FF. 

Do bereaved children consult the primary health care 

team more frequently? Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

98;7(2):120-4. [Rec#: 42026] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Age, not adults" 

Lloyd-Williams M. Difficulties in diagnosing and treating 

depression in the terminally ill cancer patient. Postgrad 

Med J 2000;76(899):555-8. [Rec#: 13134] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Lloyd-Williams M. Is it appropriate to screen palliative care 

patients for depression? Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(2):112-4. [Rec#: 4493] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Lloyd-Williams M. Psychosocial care: setting the research 

agenda. Palliat Med 2003;17(1):78-80. [Rec#: 13135] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lloyd-Williams M. Treatment of depression with 

flupenthixol in terminally ill patients. Eur J Cancer 

Care (Engl) 94;3(3):133-4. [Rec#: 4494] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Lloyd-Williams, M. Screening for depression in palliative 

care patinets: a review. European Journal of Cancer 

Care 2001;10:31-35. [Rec#: 50554] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lo B, Quill T, and Tulsky J. Discussing palliative care with 

patients. ACP-ASIM End-of-Life Care Consensus 

Panel. American College of Physicians-American 

Society of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med 

99;130(9):744-9. [Rec#: 4505] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-148 

Lo B. End-of-life care after termination of SUPPORT. 

Hastings Cent Rep 95;25(6):S6-8. [Rec#: 13147] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lo RS, Woo J, Zhoc KC, Li CY, Yeo W, Johnson P, Mak Y, 

and Lee J. Quality of life of palliative care patients in 

the last two weeks of life. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;24(4):388-97. [Rec#: 13150] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Lobb D. Palliative care for women with AIDS: identifying 

the issues. J Palliat Care 95;11(2):45-7. [Rec#: 4515] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lobchuk MM and Stymeist D. Symptoms as meaningful 

"family culture" symbols in palliative care. J Palliat 

Care 99;15(4):24-31. [Rec#: 13153] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lobchuk, M. M., Kristjanson, L., Degner, L., Blood, P., and 

Sloan, J. A. Perceptions of symptom distress in lung 

cancer patients: I. Congruence between patients and 

primary family caregivers. Journal of Pain and 

Symptom Management 97;14(3):136-46. [Rec#: 50555] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Locker D, Matear D, Stephens M, and Jokovic A. Oral 

health-related quality of life of a population of 

medically compromised elderly people. Community 

Dent Health 2002;19(2):90-7. [Rec#: 42028] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lockery SA, Dunkle RE, Kart CS, and Coulton CJ. Factors 

contributing to the early rehospitalization of elderly 

people. Health Soc Work 94;19(3):182-91. 

[Rec#: 42029] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Lockhart CA, Volk-Craft BE, Hamilton G, Aiken LS, and 

Williams FG. The PhoenixCare Program. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(6):1001-12. [Rec#: 42031] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lockhart LK, Bookwala J, Fagerlin A, Coppola KM, Ditto 

PH, Danks JH, and Smucker WD. Older adults' attitudes 

toward death: links to perceptions of health and 

concerns about end-of-life issues. Omega (Westport) 

2001;43(4):331-47. [Rec#: 4520] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Loeb SJ, Penrod J, Falkenstern S, Gueldner SH, and Poon 

LW. Supporting older adults living with multiple 

chronic conditions. West J Nurs Res 2003;25(1):8-23; 

discussion 23-9. [Rec#: 42032] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Loewy, E. H. Terminal sedation, self-starvation, and 

orchestrating the end of life. Archives of Internal 

Medicine 2001;161(3):329-32. [Rec#: 50556] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lofmark R and Nilstun T. Do-not-resuscitate orders - 

experiences and attitudes of relatives. 

2001;12(5):430-434. [Rec#: 4527] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Lofmark R and Nilstun T. Not if, but how: one way to talk 

with patients about forgoing life support. Postgrad Med 

J 2000;76(891):26-8. [Rec#: 13163] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Logan JR and Spitze G. Informal support and the use of 

formal services by older Americans. J Gerontol 

94;49(1):S25-34. [Rec#: 42034] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Logan M and Bourbonnais FF. Continuous subcutaneous 

infusion of narcotics: an exploratory study of patient, 

family and nursing concerns. Hosp J 90;6(1):69-77. 

[Rec#: 4531] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lonberger EA, Russell CL, and Burton SM. The effects of 

palliative care on patient charges. J Nurs Adm 

97;27(11):23-6. Comment in: J Nurs Adm. 1998 

Apr;28(4):62. PMID: 9564388. [Rec#: 4542] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Long MC. Death and dying and recognizing approaching 

death. Clin Geriatr Med 96;12(2):359-68. 

[Rec#: 13174] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Long SO. Living poorly or dying well: cultural decisions 

about life-supporting treatment for American and 

Japanese patients. J Clin Ethics 2000;11(3):236-50. 

[Rec#: 13176] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lookinland S and Anson K. Perpetuation of ageist attitudes 

among present and future health care personnel: 

implications for elder care. J Adv Nurs 95;21(1):47-56. 

[Rec#: 42039] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Loos C and Bowd A. Caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's 

disease: some neglected implications of the experience 

of personal loss and grief. Death Stud 97;21(5):501-14. 

[Rec#: 13180] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lopez M, Delmore B, Ake JM, Kim YR, Golden P, Bier J, 

and Fulmer T. Implementing a geriatric resource nurse 

model. J Nurs Adm 2002;32(11):577-85. [Rec#: 42041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lopez-Candales AL, Carron C, and Schwartz J. Need for 

hospice and palliative care services in patients with 

end-stage heart failure treated with intermittent infusion 

of inotropes. Clin Cardiol 2004;27(1):23-8. 

[Rec#: 4547] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-149 

Lord, E. Nebulized morphine: one intervention for end-stage 

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AARN 

News Letter 97;53(10):10-1. [Rec#: 50557] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Loudon, R. F., Anderson, P. M., Gill, P. S., and Greenfield, 

S. M. Educating medical students for work in culturally 

diverse societies. JAMA 99;282(9):875-80. 

[Rec#: 50558] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Lovel T. The delivery of palliative care. Cancer Treat Rev 

96;22 Suppl A:145-9. [Rec#: 13189] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lowdermilk DL. Home care of the patient with gynecologic 

cancer. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 

95;24(2):157-63. [Rec#: 42052] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lowenstein A. Intergenerational family relations and social 

support. Z Gerontol Geriatr 99;32(6):398-406. 

[Rec#: 42054] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Loxterkamp D. A good death is hard to find: preliminary 

reports of a hospice doctor. J Am Board Fam Pract 

93;6(4):415-7. [Rec#: 13196] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lubin S. Palliative care--could your patient have been 

managed at home? J Palliat Care 92;8(2):18-22. 

Comment in: J Palliat Care. 1992 Winter;8(4):56. 

PMID: 1487799. [Rec#: 13198] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lubitz, J. D. and Riley, G. F. Trends in Medicare payments 

in the last year of life. New England Journal of 

Medicine 93;328(15):1092-6. [Rec#: 50560] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Lubitz, J., Beebe, J., and Baker, C. Longevity and Medicare 

expenditures. New England Journal of Medicine 

95;332(15):999-1003. [Rec#: 50559] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Luce JM and Rubenfeld GD. Can health care costs be 

reduced by limiting intensive care at the end of life? 

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165(6):750-4. 

[Rec#: 13201] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Luddington L, Cox S, Higginson I, and Livesley B. The need 

for palliative care for patients with non-cancer diseases: 

a review of the evidence. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2001;7(5):221-6. [Rec#: 13207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, and Gustafson Y. Attention, 

frailty, and falls: the effect of a manual task on basic 

mobility. J Am Geriatr Soc 98;46(6):758-61. 

[Rec#: 42069] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lundstrom S, Strang P, and Palliative Care Research 

Network. Establishing and testing a palliative care 

research network in Sweden. Palliat Med 

2004;18(2):139. [Rec#: 4599] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lunn JJ and Murray MJ. Nutritional support in critical 

illness. Yale J Biol Med 98;71(6):449-56. 

[Rec#: 42070] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lunney JR and O'Mara A. The end of the survival journey. 

Semin Oncol Nurs 2001;17(4):274-8. [Rec#: 13222] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Lunney JR, Lynn J, and Hogan C. Profiles of older medicare 

decedents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(6):1108-12. 

[Rec#: 4602] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Lunney JR, Lynn J, Foley DJ, Lipson S, and Guralnik JM. 

Patterns of functional decline at the end of life. JAMA 

2003;289(18):2387-92. [Rec#: 4601] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Lunney JR. Resources for caregivers of terminally ill cancer 

patients. Cancer Pract 2000;8(2):99-100. [Rec#: 13221] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Luptak MK and Boult C. A method for increasing elders' use 

of advance directives. Gerontologist 94;34(3):409-12. 

[Rec#: 42071] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lusardi PT and Schwartz-Barcott D. Making sense of it: a 

neuro-interactional model of meaning emergence in 

critically ill ventilated patients. J Adv Nurs 

96;23(5):896-903. [Rec#: 42072] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lussier, D. AGS guidelines on persistent pain in older 

persons: lack of specific pharmacotherapeutic 

recommendations. Journal of the American Geriatrics 

Society 2003;51(6):883-4; author reply 889. 

[Rec#: 50561] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lutz ST, Huang DT, Ferguson CL, Kavanagh BD, Tercilla 

OF, and Lu J. A retrospective quality of life analysis 

using the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale in patients 

treated with palliative radiotherapy for advanced 

nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 

97;37(1):117-22. [Rec#: 4608] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-150 

Ly KL, Chidgey J, Addington-Hall J, and Hotopf M. 

Depression in palliative care: a systematic review. Part 

2. Treatment. Palliat Med 2002;16(4):279-84. 

[Rec#: 13229] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Lyall, R. A., Fleming, T. A., Newsome-Davis, I., Wood, C., 

Leigh, P. N., and Moxham, J. A prospective controlled 

study of the effect of NIPPV on quality of life in 

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. American Journal of 

Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 2000;161:A358. 

[Rec#: 50562] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lyke J and Colon M. Practical recommendations for 

ethnically and racially sensitive hospice services. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2004;21(2):131-3. [Rec#: 4612] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lynch M and Abrahm J. Ensuring a good death. Cancer 

Pract 2002;10 Suppl 1:S33-8. [Rec#: 13237] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lynch M. Palliative sedation. Clin J Oncol Nurs 

2003;7(6):653-7, 667. [Rec#: 13236] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lyneham J. Death in an emergency unit. Aust Nurses J 

92;21(11):16-7. [Rec#: 4618] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lynn J and Forlini JH. "Serious and complex illness" in 

quality improvement and policy reform for end-of-life 

care. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16(5):315-9. Comment in: 

J Gen Intern Med. 2001 May;16(5):335-8. PMID: 

11359553. Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2001 

May;16(5):339-41. PMID: 11359554. [Rec#: 13247] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lynn J and Goldstein NE. Advance care planning for fatal 

chronic illness: avoiding commonplace errors and 

unwarranted suffering. Ann Intern Med 

2003;138(10):812-8. [Rec#: 4624] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lynn J and Wilkinson AM. Quality end of life care: the case 

for a MediCaring demonstration. Hosp J 

98;13(1-2):151-63. [Rec#: 13248] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lynn J, Arkes HR, Stevens M, Cohn F, Koenig B, Fox E, 

Dawson NV, Phillips RS, Hamel MB, and Tsevat J. 

Rethinking fundamental assumptions: SUPPORT's 

implications for future reform. Study to Understand 

Prognoses and Preferences and Risks of Treatment. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S214-21. Comment 

in: Int J Palliat Nurs. 2003 Apr;9(4):140. PMID: 

12734449. [Rec#: 13245] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lynn J, Ely EW, Zhong Z, McNiff KL, Dawson NV, 

Connors A, Desbiens NA, Claessens M, and McCarthy 

EP. Living and dying with chronic obstructive 

pulmonary disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S91-100. [Rec#: 4623] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lynn J, Harrell F Jr, Cohn F, Wagner D, and Connors AF Jr. 

Prognoses of seriously ill hospitalized patients on the 

days before death: implications for patient care and 

public policy. New Horiz 97;5(1):56-61. [Rec#: 4625] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Lynn J, Nolan K, Kabcenell A, Weissman D, Milne C, 

Berwick DM, and End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel. 

Reforming care for persons near the end of life: the 

promise of quality improvement. Ann Intern Med 

2002;137(2):117-22. [Rec#: 4626] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lynn J, Wilkinson A, Cohn F, and Jones SB. Capitated 

risk-bearing managed care systems could improve 

end-of-life care. J Am Geriatr Soc 98;46(3):322-30. 

[Rec#: 4629] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Lynn J. A commentary: where to live while dying. 

Gerontologist 2002;42 Spec No 3:68-70. Comment on: 

Gerontologist. 2002 Oct;42 Spec No 3:54-67. PMID: 

12415134. [Rec#: 4621] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lynn J. An 88-year-old woman facing the end of life. JAMA 

97;277(20):1633-40. Comment in: JAMA. 1997 Dec 

24-31;278(24):2184. PMID: 9417014. Comment in: 

JAMA. 1997 Sep 24;278(12):977; author reply 978. 

PMID: 9307338. Comment in: JAMA. 1997 Sep 

24;278(12):977; author reply 978. PMID: 9307337. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1997 Sep 24;27. [Rec#: 4619] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lynn J. Better care for the dying. Interview by Yvonne 

Parsons. Contemp Longterm Care 99;22(4):90. 

[Rec#: 4620] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lynn J. Finding the key to reform in end-of-life care. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2000;19(3):165-7. Comment on: J 

Pain Symptom Manage. 2000 Mar;19(3):168-73. PMID: 

10760621. [Rec#: 13242] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lynn J. Measuring quality of care at the end of life: a 

statement of principles. J Am Geriatr Soc 

97;45(4):526-7. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 

Apr;45(4):528-30. PMID: 9100728. [Rec#: 13243] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-151 

Lynn J. Perspectives on care at the close of life. Serving 

patients who may die soon and their families: the role of 

hospice and other services. JAMA 2001;285(7):925-32. 

Comment in: JAMA. 2001 May 23-30;285(20):2578-9. 

PMID: 11368723. Comment in: JAMA. 2001 May 

23-30;285(20):2578; author reply 2579. PMID: 

11368722. [Rec#: 13244] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lynn J. Reforming the Care System to Support Those 

Coming to the End of Life. Cancer Control 

99;6(2):131-135. [Rec#: 4622] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Lynn, J. Measuring quality of care at the end of life: a 

statement of principles. Journal of the American 

Geriatrics Society 97;45(4):526-527. [Rec#: 50563] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Lyons D, Cohen M, Henderson T, and Walker N. Partnership 

nursing home care for dementia: the Glasgow 

experience--one-year follow-up. Int J Geriatr 

Psychiatry 97;12(8):838-40. [Rec#: 50065] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Lyons D, Cohen M, Henderson T, and Walker N. Partnership 

nursing home care for dementia: the Glasgow 

experience--one-year follow-up. Int J Geriatr 

Psychiatry 97;12(7):765-6. [Rec#: 50066] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Lyttle CP. Bereavement visiting: older people's and nurses' 

experiences. Br J Community Nurs 2001;6(12):629-35. 

[Rec#: 4631] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

MacAdam M, Greenberg J, Greenlick M, Gruenberg L, and 

Malone J. Targeting long-term care for the frail elderly: 

models from the Social/HMO demonstration. J Appl 

Gerontol 91;10(4):389-405. [Rec#: 42081] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

MacDonald B. Death with dignity. Can Nurse 90;86(11):19. 

[Rec#: 13258] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

MacDonald D. Hospice patients without primary care givers. 

A critique of prevailing intervention strategies. Home 

Healthc Nurse 92;10(1):24-6. [Rec#: 13260] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

MacDonald N. A proposed matrix for organisational changes 

to improve quality of life in oncology. Eur J Cancer 

95;31A Suppl 6:S18-21. [Rec#: 13275] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

MacDonald N. Nutrition as an integral component of 

supportive care. Oncology (Huntingt) 2003;17(2 Suppl 

2):8-10; discussion 11-2. [Rec#: 13270] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

MacDonald N. Oncology and palliative care: the case for 

co-ordination. Cancer Treat Rev 93;19 Suppl A:29-41. 

[Rec#: 13271] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

MacDonald N. Palliative care and primary care. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;23(1):58-9. Comment on: J 

Pain Symptom Manage. 2002 Jan;23(1):54-7. PMID: 

11779669. [Rec#: 13273] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

MacDonald N. Palliative care--an essential component of 

cancer control. CMAJ 98;158(13):1709-16. 

[Rec#: 13272] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

MacDonald N. Quality of life in clinical and research 

palliative medicine. J Palliat Care 92;8(3):46-51. 

[Rec#: 13276] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

MacEntee MI, Hole R, and Stolar E. The significance of the 

mouth in old age. Soc Sci Med 97;45(9):1449-58. 

[Rec#: 42085] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

MacInnis K. The good ending. Am J Nurs 93;93(5):104. 

[Rec#: 13285] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mackey KM and Sparling JW. Experiences of older women 

with cancer receiving hospice care: significance for 

physical therapy. Phys Ther 2000;80(5):459-68. 

[Rec#: 4657] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Mackillop, W. J. and Quirt, C. F. Measuring the accuracy of 

prognostic judgments in oncology. Journal of Clinical 

Epidemiology 97;50(1):21-9. [Rec#: 50564] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Macleod AD and Whitehead LE. Dysgraphia and terminal 

delirium. Palliat Med 97;11(2):127-32. [Rec#: 4663] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Macpherson C and Cooke C. Pilot of a workbook for 

children visiting a loved one in a hospice. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2003;9(9):397-403. [Rec#: 42091] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Age, not adults" 

MacPherson I and Bisset A. Not another questionnaire!: 

eliciting the views of general practitioners. Fam Pract 

95;12(3):335-8. [Rec#: 50067] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Macran S and Kind P. "Death" and the valuation of 

health-related quality of life. Med Care 

2001;39(3):217-27. [Rec#: 4664] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-152 

MacStravic S. The death of the four "P"s: a premature 

obituary. Mark Health Serv 2000;20(4):16-20. 

[Rec#: 42092] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Madan TN. Dying with dignity. Soc Sci Med 

92;35(4):425-32. [Rec#: 13317] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Maddocks I, Bentley L, and Sheedy J. Quality of life issues 

in patients dying from haematological diseases. Ann 

Acad Med Singapore 94;23(2):244-8. [Rec#: 4667] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Madigan EA, Schott D, and Matthews CR. Rehospitalization 

among home healthcare patients: results of a 

prospective study. Home Healthc Nurse 

2001;19(5):298-305. [Rec#: 50068] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Madrid M. Participating in the process of dying. NLN Publ 

94;(15-2610):91-100. [Rec#: 4669] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Madsen J, Serup-Hansen N, and Kristiansen IS. Future health 

care costs--do health care costs during the last year of 

life matter? Health Policy 2002;62(2):161-72. 

[Rec#: 4670] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Madsen J, Serup-Hansen N, Kragstrup J, and Kristiansen IS. 

Ageing may have limited impact on future costs of 

primary care providers. Scand J Prim Health Care 

2002;20(3):169-73. [Rec#: 42093] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Madson SK. Patient self-determination act. Implications for 

long-term care. J Gerontol Nurs 93;19(2):15-8. 

[Rec#: 4671] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Maercker A, Bonanno GA, Znoj H, and Horowitz MJ. 

Prediction of complicated grief by positive and negative 

themes in narratives. J Clin Psychol 98;54(8):1117-36. 

[Rec#: 4672] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Mafullul YM. Burden of informal carers of mentally infirm 

eldery in Lancashire. East Afr Med J 2002;79(6):291-8. 

Comment in: East Afr Med J. 2002 Jun;79(6):281-3. 

PMID: 12638817. [Rec#: 42094] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Mafullul YM. Informal carers of mentally infirm elderly in 

Lancashire. East Afr Med J 2002;79(6):284-90. 

Comment in: East Afr Med J. 2002 Jun;79(6):281-3. 

PMID: 12638817. [Rec#: 42095] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Magaziner J, Zimmerman SI, Gruber-Baldini AL, Hebel JR, 

and Fox KM. Proxy reporting in five areas of functional 

status. Comparison with self-reports and observations of 

performance. Am J Epidemiol 97;146(5):418-28. 

[Rec#: 42096] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Magaziner, J., Simonsick, E. M., Kashner, T. M., and Hebel, 

J. R. Patient-proxy response comparability on measures 

of patient health and functional status. J Clin Epidemiol 

88;41(11):1065-74. [Rec#: 50875] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Magilvy JK, Congdon JG, and Martinez R. Circles of care: 

home care and community support for rural older adults. 

ANS Adv Nurs Sci 94;16(3):22-33. [Rec#: 42097] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Magno JB. Hospice care: an overview. Henry Ford Hosp 

Med J 91;39(2):72-3. [Rec#: 13328] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Magno JB. Management of terminal illness: the hospice 

concept of care. Henry Ford Hosp Med J 91;39(2):74-6. 

[Rec#: 13330] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Magno JB. The hospice concept of care: facing the 1990s. 

Death Stud 90;14(2):109-19. [Rec#: 13329] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Magnusson L, Hanson E, Brito L, Berthold H, Chambers M, 

and Daly T. Supporting family carers through the use of 

information and communication technology--the EU 

project ACTION. Int J Nurs Stud 2002;39(4):369-81. 

[Rec#: 42098] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Maguire, P. and Pitceathly, C. Key communication skills and 

how to acquire them. BMJ 2002;325(7366):697-700. 

[Rec#: 50579] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maguire, P. Consequences of poor communication between 

nurses and patients. Nursing - Oxford 85;2(38):1115-8. 

[Rec#: 50565] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maguire, P. Dementia care: challenges for an ageing Europe. 

Promotion et Education 99;6(4):12-5. [Rec#: 50566] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maguire, P. Improving communication with cancer patients. 

European Journal of Cancer 99;35(14):2058-65. 

[Rec#: 50567] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Maguire, P. Improving the recognition of concerns and 

affective disorders in cancer patients. Annals of 

Oncology 2002;13 Suppl 4:177-81. [Rec#: 50568] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-153 

Maguire, P. Late adverse psychological sequelae of breast 

cancer and its treatment. European Journal of Surgical 

Oncology 99;25(3):317-20. [Rec#: 50569] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maguire, P. Managing psychological morbidity in cancer 

patients. European Journal of Cancer 2000;36(5):556-8. 

[Rec#: 50570] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maguire, P. Psychosocial well-being in testicular cancer 

patients. European Journal of Cancer 92;28A(4-5):722. 

[Rec#: 50572] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maguire, P. The psychological consequences of the surgical 

treatment of cancer of the breast. Surgery Annual 

90;22:77-91. [Rec#: 50571] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maguire, P. The use of antidepressants in patients with 

advanced cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer 

2000;8(4):265-7. [Rec#: 50573] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maguire, P., Faulkner, A., and Regnard, C. Eliciting the 

current problems of the patient with cancer--a flow 

diagram. Palliative Medicine 93;7(2):151-6. 

[Rec#: 50575] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Maguire, P., Faulkner, A., and Regnard, C. Handling the 

withdrawn patient--a flow diagram. Palliative Medicine 

93;7(4):333-8. [Rec#: 50576] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Maguire, P., Faulkner, A., and Regnard, C. Managing the 

anxious patient with advancing disease--a flow diagram. 

Palliative Medicine 93;7(3):239-44. [Rec#: 50577] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Maguire, P., Faulkner, A., Booth, K., Elliott, C., and Hillier, 

V. Helping cancer patients disclose their concerns. 

European Journal of Cancer 96;32A(1):78-81. 

[Rec#: 50574] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Maguire, P., Hopwood, P., Tarrier, N., and Howell, T. 

Treatment of depression in cancer patients. Acta 

Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplementum 85;320:81-4. 

[Rec#: 50578] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Maher EJ, Mackenzie C, Young T, and Marks D. The use of 

the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and 

the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires to screen for 

treatable unmet needs in patients attending routinely for 

radiotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 96;22 Suppl A:123-9. 

[Rec#: 4687] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maher EJ. Palliative medicine today--a matter for concern. 

Cancer Treat Rev 93;19 Suppl A:15-21. [Rec#: 13336] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Maher LA. Dignified departures. Many facilities are 

changing the face of death for their residents, making 

final exits as dignified as arrivals to aid bereavement. 

Contemp Longterm Care 2000;23(12):24-9. 

[Rec#: 13339] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mahoney, D. F., Tarlow, B. J., and Jones, R. N. Effects of an 

automated telephone support system on caregiver burden 

and anxiety: findings from the REACH for TLC 

intervention study. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):556-67. 

[Rec#: 50919] 

In abstract review process 

Maida V. Factors that promote success in home palliative 

care: a study of a large suburban palliative care practice. 

J Palliat Care 2002;18(4):282-6. [Rec#: 4690] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Maier GJ, Bertram M, and Stephens S. Hospice-assisted 

deaths in a forensic facility: a comparison of patient 

reactions. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 91;8(3):15-22. 

[Rec#: 4693] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mailis, A. and Furlan, A. Sympathectomy for neuropathic 

pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 

2003;(2):CD002918. [Rec#: 50580] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Maillet JO and King D. Nutritional care of the terminally ill 

adult. Hosp J 93;9(2-3):37-54. [Rec#: 13345] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Maillet S. Spiritual care of the dying. CHAC Rev 

91;19(4):11-4. [Rec#: 13346] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mailloux LU, Bellucci AG, Napolitano B, Mossey RT, 

Wilkes BM, and Bluestone PA. Death by withdrawal 

from dialysis: a 20-year clinical experience. J Am Soc 

Nephrol 93;3(9):1631-7. [Rec#: 4697] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Main J. Improving management of bereavement in general 

practice based on a survey of recently bereaved subjects 

in a single general practice. Br J Gen Pract 

2000;50(460):863-6. [Rec#: 4698] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Main J. Management of relatives of patients who are dying. 

J Clin Nurs 2002;11(6):794-801. [Rec#: 13347] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Main, J. Management of relatives of patients who are dying. 

Journal of Clinical Nursing 2002;11(6):794-801. 

[Rec#: 50581] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-154 

Mak JM and Clinton M. Promoting a good death: an agenda 

for outcomes research--a review of the literature. Nurs 

Ethics 99;6(2):97-106. [Rec#: 13351] 

In abstract review process 

Mak MH. Psychological responses to dying and death. Sr 

Nurse 92;12(3):48-51. [Rec#: 13352] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Makela JT, Kiviniemi H, and Laitinen S. Survival after 

operations for colorectal cancer in patients aged 75 

years or over. Eur J Surg 2000;166(6):473-9. 

[Rec#: 4707] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Makosky NR and Lynn J. Improving end-of-life care: what 

providers need to know. Mich Health Hosp 

99;35(2):8-10. [Rec#: 13354] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Malmgren JA, Koepsell TD, Martin DP, Diehr P, and 

LaCroix AZ. Mortality, health services use, and health 

behavior in a cohort of well older adults. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 99;47(1):51-9. [Rec#: 42106] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Malonebeach EE and Zarit SH. Current research issues in 

caregiving to the elderly. Int J Aging Hum Dev 

91;32(2):103-14. [Rec#: 42108] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

MaloneBeach EE, Zarit SH, and Spore DL. Caregivers' 

perceptions of case management and community-based 

services: barriers to service use. J Appl Gerontol 

92;11(2):146-59. [Rec#: 42109] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Maltoni M, Nanni O, Naldoni M, Serra P, and Amadori D. 

Evaluation of cost of home therapy for patients with 

terminal diseases. Curr Opin Oncol 98;10(4):302-9. 

[Rec#: 13367] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Maltoni M, Pirovano M, Nanni O, Marinari M, Indelli M, 

Gramazio A, Terzoli E, Luzzani M, De Marinis F, 

Caraceni A, and Labianca R. Biological indices 

predictive of survival in 519 Italian terminally ill cancer 

patients. Italian Multicenter Study Group on Palliative 

Care. J Pain Symptom Manage 97;13(1):1-9. 

[Rec#: 4734] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Maltoni M, Travaglini C, Santi M, Nanni O, Scarpi E, 

Benvenuti S, Albertazzi L, Amaducci L, Derni S, Fabbri 

L, Masi A, Montanari L, Pasini G, Polselli A, Tonelli U, 

Turci P, and Amadori D. Evaluation of the cost of home 

care for terminally ill cancer patients. Support Care 

Cancer 97;5(5):396-401. [Rec#: 4736] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Mancini DM, Katz SD, Lang CC, LaManca J, Hudaihed A, 

and Androne AS. Effect of erythropoietin on exercise 

capacity in patients with moderate to severe chronic 

heart failure. Circulation 2003;107(2):294-9. Comment 

in: Circulation. 2003 Aug 12;108(6):e41-2; author reply 

e41-2. PMID: 12914016. Comment in: Circulation. 

2003 Jan 21;107(2):e9004. PMID: 12538444. 

[Rec#: 33448] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Mancini I, Lossignol D, Obiols M, Llop R, Toth C, and Body 

JJ. Supportive and palliative care: experience at the 

Institut Jules Bordet. Support Care Cancer 

2002;10(1):3-7. [Rec#: 4743] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Mandler RN, Anderson FA Jr, Miller RG, Clawson L, 

Cudkowicz M, Del Bene M, and ALS C.A.R.E. Study 

Group. The ALS Patient Care Database: insights into 

end-of-life care in ALS. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other 

Motor Neuron Disord 2001;2(4):203-8. [Rec#: 4746] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Mandler, R. N., Anderson, F. A. Jr., Miller, R. G., Clawson, 

L., Cudkowicz, M., Del Bene, M., and Group, Als C. A. 

R. E. Study. The ALS Patient Care Database: insights 

into end-of-life care in ALS. Amyotrophic Lateral 

Sclerosis & Other Motor Neuron Disorders 

2001;2(4):203-8. [Rec#: 50583] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Manegold C and Schwarz R. Quality of life and supportive 

care in the treatment of NSCLC. Chest 96;109(5 

Suppl):113S-114S. [Rec#: 13383] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Manfredi, P. L. and Gonzales, G. R. Symptomatic uses of 

caffeine in patients with cancer. Journal of Palliative 

Care 2003;19(1):63-5. [Rec#: 50587] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Manfredi, P. L., Foley, K. M., Payne, R., Houde, R., and 

Inturrisi, C. E. Parenteral methadone: an essential 

medication for the treatment of pain. Journal of Pain & 

Symptom Management 2003;26(2):687-8. 

[Rec#: 50586] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Manfredi, P. L., Gonzales, G. R., Cheville, A. L., Kornick, 

C., and Payne, R. Methadone analgesia in cancer pain 

patients on chronic methadone maintenance therapy. 

Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

2001;21(2):169-74. [Rec#: 50588] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Manfredi, P. L., Gonzales, G. R., Sady, R., Chandler, S., and 

Payne, R. Neuropathic pain in patients with cancer. 

Journal of Palliative Care 2003;19(2):115-8. 

[Rec#: 50589] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-155 

Manfredi, P. L., Ribeiro, S., Chandler, S. W., and Payne, R. 

Inappropriate use of naloxone in cancer patients with 

pain. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

96;11(2):131-4. [Rec#: 50590] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Manfredi, P. L., Shenoy, S., and Payne, R. Sumatriptan for 

headache caused by head and neck cancer. Headache 

2000;40(9):758-60. [Rec#: 50591] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Manganello TD. Disabling the pacemaker: the heart-rending 

decision every competent patient has a right to make. 

Health Care Law Mon 2000;3-15. [Rec#: 4750] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mangone CA, Sanguinetti RM, Baumann PD, Gonzalez RC, 

Pereyra S, Bozzola FG, Gorelick PB, and Sica RE. 

Influence of feelings of burden on the caregiver's 

perception of the patient's functional status. Dementia 

93;4(5):287-93. [Rec#: 33462] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Manheim LM, Guihan M, and Hughes SL. Organizational 

characteristics, client characteristics, and the delivery of 

home care services. Med Care Res Rev 

95;52(4):517-31. [Rec#: 42114] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Manifold CA, Storrow A, and Rodgers K. Patient and family 

attitudes regarding the practice of procedures on the 

newly deceased. Acad Emerg Med 99;6(2):110-5. 

[Rec#: 4753] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Manima A. Ethical issues in palliative care: considerations. J 

Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2003;17(3-4):141-9; 

discussion 151-2. [Rec#: 4754] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Manion JC. Cancer pain management in the hospice setting. 

Minn Med 95;78(2):25-8. [Rec#: 13387] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Manisty C and Waxman J. Doctors should not discuss 

resuscitation with terminally ill patients: FOR. BMJ 

2003;327(7415):614-5. [Rec#: 13388] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mann E and Redwood S. Improving pain management: 

breaking down the invisible barrier. Br J Nurs 

2000;9(19):2067-72. [Rec#: 13390] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mann SM and Welk TA. Hospice and/or palliative care? Am 

J Hosp Palliat Care 97;14(6):314-5. [Rec#: 13391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mann SM and Welk TA. Hospice Incorporated: combining 

high tech and high touch care. Kans Nurse 

97;72(9):3-4. [Rec#: 13392] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mann WC, Marchant T, Tomita M, Fraas L, and Stanton K. 

Elder acceptance of health monitoring devices in the 

home. Care Manag J 2001-2002;3(2):91-8. 

[Rec#: 42116] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Mann WJ, Loesch M, Shurpin KM, and Chalas E. 

Determinants of home versus hospital terminal care for 

patients with gynecologic cancer. Cancer 

93;71(9):2876-9. [Rec#: 4755] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Manor O and Eisenbach Z. Mortality after spousal loss: are 

there socio-demographic differences? Soc Sci Med 

2003;56(2):405-13. [Rec#: 4756] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Manser RL, Irving LB, Byrnes G, Abramson MJ, Stone CA, 

and Campbell DA. Screening for lung cancer: a 

systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. 

Thorax 2003;58(9):784-9. [Rec#: 33471] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Man-Son-Hing M, Power B, Byszewski A, and Dalziel WB. 

Referral to specialized geriatric services. Which elderly 

people living in the community are likely to benefit? 

Can Fam Physician 97;43:925-30. [Rec#: 42112] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Manton KG, Woodbury MA, Vertrees JC, and Stallard E. 

Use of Medicare services before and after introduction 

of the prospective payment system. Health Serv Res 

93;28(3):269-92. [Rec#: 42119] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mantz M and Crandall JM. Palliative care crises in the 

community: a survey. J Palliat Care 2000;16(4):33-8. 

[Rec#: 4762] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Manzetti JD, Ankeny R, and Miller D. Psychosocial and 

ethical issues in surgical approaches to end-stage lung 

disease. Clin Chest Med 97;18(2):383-90. 

[Rec#: 13397] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Manzullo EF and Escalante CP. Research into fatigue. 

Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2002;16(3):619-28. 

[Rec#: 13398] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mara CZ. Hospice: an organizational systems model for the 

integration of acute and long-term care. J Health Hum 

Serv Adm 2000;22(4):416-35. [Rec#: 4765] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Marcant D and Rapin CH. Role of the physiotherapist in 

palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 93;8(2):68-71. 

[Rec#: 4768] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-156 

Marchand L, Cloutier VM, Gjerde C, and Haq C. Factors 

influencing rural Wisconsin elders in completing 

advance directives. WMJ 2001;100(9):26-31. 

[Rec#: 4769] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Marek KD, Rantz MJ, and Porter RT. Senior care: making a 

difference in long-term care of older adults. J Nurs 

Educ 2004;43(2):81-3. [Rec#: 42121] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Margolis ML, Christie JD, Silvestri GA, Kaiser L, Santiago 

S, and Hansen-Flaschen J. Racial differences pertaining 

to a belief about lung cancer surgery: results of a 

multicenter survey. Ann Intern Med 

2003;139(7):558-63. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 

2003 Oct 7;139(7):I38. PMID: 14530250. 

[Rec#: 33494] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Marik PE and Zaloga GP. CPR in terminally ill patients? 

Resuscitation 2001;49(1):99-103. [Rec#: 4777] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Marik PE. The cost of dying. Am J Crit Care 95;4(1):56-8. 

[Rec#: 4776] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Marino P, Pampallona S, Preatoni A, Cantoni A, and 

Invernizzi F. Chemotherapy vs supportive care in 

advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Results of a 

meta-analysis of the literature. Chest 94;106(3):861-5. 

Comment in: Chest. 1994 Sep;106(3):659-61. PMID: 

8082331. [Rec#: 13408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Market report: RAND study highlights costs, care in last year 

of life. Russ Coiles Health Trends 2002;14(11):9-12. 

[Rec#: 4780] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Markle-Reid M and Browne G. Conceptualizations of frailty 

in relation to older adults. J Adv Nurs 

2003;44(1):58-68. [Rec#: 42137] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Markman M. Supportive care. Cancer Chemother Biol 

Response Modif 2002;20:627-32. [Rec#: 13413] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Markman M. The high cost of terminal care: balancing 

conflicting goals. Cleve Clin J Med 98;65(4):219-21. 

[Rec#: 13412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Markowitz AJ and Rabow M. Management of dyspnea in 

patients with far-advanced lung disease. JAMA 

2002;287(17):2261. Comment on: JAMA. 2001 Mar 

14;285(10):1331-7. PMID: 11255389. [Rec#: 4784] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Markowitz AJ and Rabow MW. Alzheimer disease: "it's 

okay, mama, if you want to go, it's okay". JAMA 

2003;290(1):105. Comment on: JAMA. 2002 Nov 

13;288(18):2324-31. PMID: 12425711. [Rec#: 4785] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Markowitz AJ and Rabow MW. Caring for bereaved 

patients: "All the doctors just suddenly go". JAMA 

2002;287(7):882. [Rec#: 4786] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Markowitz AJ and Rabow MW. Overcoming the false 

dichotomy of "curative" vs "palliative" care for 

late-stage HIV/AIDS: "let me live the way I want to 

live, until I can't". JAMA 2004;291(4):492. Comment 

on: JAMA. 2003 Aug 13;290(6):806-14. PMID: 

12915434. [Rec#: 4787] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Markowitz AJ and Rabow MW. Practical considerations in 

dialysis withdrawal: "to have that option is a blessing". 

JAMA 2003;290(6):815. Comment on: JAMA. 2003 

Apr 23-30;289(16):2113-9. PMID: 12709469. 

[Rec#: 4788] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Markson L, Clark J, Glantz L, Lamberton V, Kern D, and 

Stollerman G. The doctor's role in discussing advance 

preferences for end-of-life care: perceptions of 

physicians practicing in the VA. J Am Geriatr Soc 

97;45(4):399-406. [Rec#: 4791] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Marren J. The real world experience: death of homebound 

elderly persons. Staff views from the front lines. Pride 

Inst J Long Term Home Health Care 93;12(2):42-5. 

[Rec#: 42141] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Marsden C. 'Do not resuscitate' orders and end-of-life care 

planning. Am J Crit Care 93;2(2):177-9. Comment in: 

Am J Crit Care. 1993 Sep;2(5):431. PMID: 8220677. 

[Rec#: 13423] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Marsh GW, Prochoda KP, Pritchett E, and Vojir CP. 

Predicting hospice appropriateness for patients with 

dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Appl Nurs Res 

2000;13(4):187-96. [Rec#: 4798] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-157 

Marshall PA. The SUPPORT Study. Who's talking? 

Hastings Cent Rep 95;25(6):S9-11. [Rec#: 13427] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Martens KH. Home care nursing for persons with congestive 

heart failure: description and relationship to hospital 

readmission. Home Healthc Nurse 2000;18(6):404-9. 

[Rec#: 50069] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Martensson J, Karlsson JE, and Fridlund B. Female patients 

with congestive heart failure: how they conceive their 

life situation. J Adv Nurs 98;28(6):1216-24. 

[Rec#: 33507] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Martensson J, Karlsson JE, and Fridlund B. Male patients 

with congestive heart failure and their conception of the 

life situation. J Adv Nurs 97;25(3):579-86. 

[Rec#: 33508] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Martikainen P and Valkonen T. Mortality after death of 

spouse in relation to duration of bereavement in 

Finland. J Epidemiol Community Health 

96;50(3):264-8. [Rec#: 4801] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Martikainen P and Valkonen T. Mortality after the death of a 

spouse: rates and causes of death in a large Finnish 

cohort. Am J Public Health 96;86(8 Pt 1):1087-93. 

[Rec#: 4802] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Martin B. A place to care: the homebound elderly. Home 

Care Provid 99;4(2):76-9. [Rec#: 42150] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Martin DK, Emanuel LL, and Singer PA. Planning for the 

end of life. Lancet 2000;356(9242):1672-6. Comment 

in: Lancet. 2001 Feb 24;357(9256):640. PMID: 

11558521. [Rec#: 13432] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Martin DK, Thiel EC, and Singer PA. A new model of 

advance care planning: observations from people with 

HIV. Arch Intern Med 99;159(1):86-92. [Rec#: 4804] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Martin EW. Confusion in the terminally ill: recognition and 

management. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(3):20-4. 

[Rec#: 13433] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Martin EW. Inpatient hospice care: a new option for the 

terminally ill. R I Med 95;78(4):118-9. [Rec#: 4805] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Martin G. Changing the culture of care for dying patients. 

Prof Nurse 97;12(7):498-500. [Rec#: 13435] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Martin GW. Empowerment of dying patients: the strategies 

and barriers to patient autonomy. J Adv Nurs 

98;28(4):737-44. [Rec#: 13436] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Martin JP. Making terminal care decisions. Caring 

91;10(7):42-5. [Rec#: 4809] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Martinez, M. J., Roque, M., Alonso-Coello, P., Catala, E., 

Garcia, J. L., and Ferrandiz, M. Calcitonin for 

metastatic bone pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic 

Reviews 2003;(3):CD003223. [Rec#: 50593] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Martinez, M. J., Roque, M., Catala, E., Ferrandiz, M., and 

Garcia, J. L. Radioisotopes for metastatic bone pain. 

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003;3. 

[Rec#: 50594] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Martinot A, Grandbastien B, Leteurtre S, Duhamel A, and 

Leclerc F. No resuscitation orders and withdrawal of 

therapy in French paediatric intensive care units. 

Groupe Francophone de Reanimation et d'Urgences 

Pediatriques. Acta Paediatr 98;87(7):769-73. Comment 

in: Acta Paediatr. 1998 Jul;87(7):721-2. PMID: 

9722241. Comment in: Acta Paediatr. 1999 

Jul;88(7):790-1. PMID: 10447145. [Rec#: 42157] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Age, not adults" 

Marwick TH, Zuchowski C, Lauer MS, Secknus MA, 

Williams J, and Lytle BW. Functional status and quality 

of life in patients with heart failure undergoing coronary 

bypass surgery after assessment of myocardial viability. 

J Am Coll Cardiol 99;33(3):750-8. [Rec#: 33525] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Maslow K. Linking persons with dementia to appropriate 

services: summary of an OTA study. Pride Inst J Long 

Term Home Health Care 90;9(2):42-50. [Rec#: 33529] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Mason R. Palliation of malignant dysphagia: an alternative to 

surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 96;78(5):457-62. 

[Rec#: 4827] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Masoudi FA, Havranek EP, and Krumholz HM. The burden 

of chronic congestive heart failure in older persons: 

magnitude and implications for policy and research. 

Heart Fail Rev 2002;7(1):9-16. [Rec#: 33531] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Massaro T and McMillan SC. Instruments for assessing 

quality of life in palliative care settings. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2000;6(9):429-33. [Rec#: 13457] 

In abstract review process 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-158 

Massarotto A, Carter H, MacLeod R, and Donaldson N. 

Hospital referrals to a hospice: timing of referrals, 

referrers' expectations, and the nature of referral 

information. J Palliat Care 2000;16(3):22-9. 

[Rec#: 4830] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Matheny SC. Clinical dilemmas in palliative care for HIV 

infection. J R Soc Med 2001;94(9):449-51. 

[Rec#: 4838] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Matherlee K. Managing advanced illness: a quality and cost 

challenge to Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers. 

NHPF Issue Brief 2002;(779):1-19. [Rec#: 13466] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mathew P and Storey P. Subcutaneous methadone in 

terminally ill patients: manageable local toxicity. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 99;18(1):49-52. Comment in: J Pain 

Symptom Manage. 2000 Apr;19(4):237-8. PMID: 

10866549. [Rec#: 4840] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Matteson MA, Reilly M, and Moseley M. Needs assessment 

of homebound elders in a parish church: implications 

for parish nursing. Geriatr Nurs 2000;21(3):144-7. 

[Rec#: 42175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Matthis EJ. Care of frail elders with relinquishing 

dispositions. Home Healthc Nurse 94;12(5):30-5. 

[Rec#: 42176] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Matzo ML and Sherman DW. Palliative care nursing: 

ensuring competent care at the end of life. Geriatr Nurs 

2001;22(6):288-93. [Rec#: 4854] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Matzo ML. Exploring end-of-life issues. J Gerontol Nurs 

97;23(3):7-8. [Rec#: 4853] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Maull F. Dying in prison: sociocultural and psychosocial 

dynamics. Hosp J 91;7(1-2):127-42. [Rec#: 4858] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

May S. Palliation in acute care. Aust Nurs J 97;5(4):26. 

[Rec#: 13493] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

May V, Onarcan M, Olechowski C, and Mayron Z. 

International perspectives on the role of home care and 

hospice in aging and long-term care. Caring 

2004;23(1):14-7. [Rec#: 4869] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mayer-Oakes SA, Kelman G, Beers MH, De Jong F, 

Matthias R, Atchison KA, Lubben JE, and Schweitzer 

SO. Benzodiazepine use in older, community-dwelling 

southern Californians: prevalence and clinical 

correlates. Ann Pharmacother 93;27(4):416-21. 

[Rec#: 42183] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Mayo Clinic office visit. End-of-life issues. Mayo Clin 

Womens Healthsource 2003;7(11):S1-S2. [Rec#: 4874] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mayo Clinic office visit. Palliative care. Mayo Clin Womens 

Healthsource 2001;5(10):S1-S2. [Rec#: 4875] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mayo, S. Symbol, metaphor and story. The function of group 

art therapy in palliative care. Palliative Medicine 

96;10(3):209-16. [Rec#: 50596] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mazanec, P. and Tyler, M. K. Cultural considerations in 

end-of-life care: how ethnicity, age, and spirituality 

affect decisions when death is imminent. AJN, 

American Journal of Nursing 2003;103(3):50-8; quiz 

59. [Rec#: 50597] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McAlister, F. A., Lawson, F. M., Teo, K. K., and Armstrong, 

P. W. A systematic review of randomized trials of 

disease management programs in heart failure. Am J 

Med 2001;110(5):378-84. [Rec#: 50140] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

McAlister, F. A., Stewart, S., Ferrua, S., and McMurray, J. J. 

Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart 

failure patients at high risk for admission: a systematic 

review of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 

2004;44(4):810-9. [Rec#: 50911] 

In abstract review process 

McArthur-Rouse F. Critical care outreach services and early 

warning scoring systems: a review of the literature. J 

Adv Nurs 2001;36(5):696-704. [Rec#: 42192] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McAulay D. Dehydration in the terminally ill patient. Nurs 

Stand 2001;16(4):33-7. [Rec#: 13507] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McBride CM, Pollak KI, Garst J, Keefe F, Lyna P, Fish L, 

and Hood L. Distress and motivation for smoking 

cessation among lung cancer patients' relatives who 

smoke. J Cancer Educ 2003;18(3):150-6. 

[Rec#: 33593] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-159 

McCahill LE, Krouse RS, Chu DZ, Juarez G, Uman GC, 

Ferrell BR, and Wagman LD. Decision making in 

palliative surgery. J Am Coll Surg 2002;195(3):411-22; 

discussion 422-3. [Rec#: 4892] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McCahill LE, Smith DD, Borneman T, Juarez G, Cullinane 

C, Chu DZ, Ferrell BR, and Wagman LD. A prospective 

evaluation of palliative outcomes for surgery of 

advanced malignancies. Ann Surg Oncol 

2003;10(6):654-63. [Rec#: 4893] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

McCain NL and Gramling LF. Living with dying: coping 

with HIV disease. Issues Ment Health Nurs 

92;13(3):271-84. [Rec#: 4895] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

McCamish MA and Crocker NJ. Enteral and parenteral 

nutrition support of terminally ill patients: practical and 

ethical perspectives. Hosp J 93;9(2-3):107-29. 

[Rec#: 13515] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McCandless NJ and Conner FP. Working with terminally ill 

older women: can a feminist perspective add new 

insight and direction? J Women Aging 

99;11(2-3):101-14. [Rec#: 4899] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McCarberg B. Chronic pain management: a clinical 

overview. Manag Care 2002;11(7 Suppl):19-22; 

discussion 22-3. [Rec#: 13517] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McCarron EG. Supporting the families of cancer patients. 

Nursing 95;25(6):48-51. [Rec#: 13518] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McCarthy EP, Burns RB, Ngo-Metzger Q, Davis RB, and 

Phillips RS. Hospice use among Medicare managed care 

and fee-for-service patients dying with cancer. JAMA 

2003;289(17):2238-45. Comment in: JAMA. 2003 Sep 

24;290(12):1578; author reply 1578-9. PMID: 

14506113. [Rec#: 4909] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

McCarthy, M. and Higginson, I. Clinical audit by a palliative 

care team. Palliative Medicine 91;5:215-221. 

[Rec#: 50598] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McClain K and Perkins P. Terminally ill patients in the 

emergency department: a practical overview of 

end-of-life issues. J Emerg Nurs 2002;28(6):515-22. 

[Rec#: 13523] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McClatchey S. Disease management as a performance 

improvement strategy. Top Health Inf Manage 

2001;22(2):15-23. [Rec#: 50071] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McClement SE and Degner LF. Expert nursing behaviors in 

care of the dying adult in the intensive care unit. Heart 

Lung 95;24(5):408-19. [Rec#: 4920] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McClement SE, Degner LF, and Harlos MS. Family beliefs 

regarding the nutritional care of a terminally ill relative: 

a qualitative study. J Palliat Med 2003;6(5):737-48. 

[Rec#: 4921] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

McClement, S. E., Woodgate, R. L., and Degner, L. 

Symptom distress in adult patients with cancer. Cancer 

Nursing 97;20(4):236-43. [Rec#: 50599] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McConnell ES, Lekan-Rutledge D, Nevidjon B, and 

Anderson R. Complexity theory: a long-term care 

specialty practice exemplar for the education of 

advanced practice nurses. J Nurs Educ 

2004;43(2):84-7. [Rec#: 42199] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McConnell TR, Mandak JS, Sykes JS, Fesniak H, and 

Dasgupta H. Exercise training for heart failure patients 

improves respiratory muscle endurance, exercise 

tolerance, breathlessness, and quality of life. J 

Cardiopulm Rehabil 2003;23(1):10-6. [Rec#: 33606] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McCord AS. When the patient dies: helping the family and 

staff to cope. Todays OR Nurse 90;12(11):17-20. 

[Rec#: 13536] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McCorkle R and Pasacreta JV. Enhancing caregiver 

outcomes in palliative care. Cancer Control 

2001;8(1):36-45. [Rec#: 13537] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

McCorkle R, Hughes L, Robinson L, Levine B, and Nuamah 

I. Nursing interventions for newly diagnosed older 

cancer patients facing terminal illness. J Palliat Care 

98;14(3):39-45. [Rec#: 4931] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

McCorkle R, Robinson L, Nuamah I, Lev E, and Benoliel 

JQ. The effects of home nursing care for patients during 

terminal illness on the bereaved's psychological distress. 

Nurs Res 98;47(1):2-10. [Rec#: 33607] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-160 

McCormick TR and Conley BJ. Patients' perspectives on 

dying and on the care of dying patients. West J Med 

95;163(3):236-43. [Rec#: 13540] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McCormick WC, Hardy J, Kukull WA, Bowen JD, Teri L, 

Zitzer S, and Larson EB. Healthcare utilization and 

costs in managed care patients with Alzheimer's disease 

during the last few years of life. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2001;49(9):1156-60. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 

2001 Sep;49(9):1255-6. PMID: 11559389. 

[Rec#: 33609] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McCormick WC. A home-based intervention reduced 

out-of-hospital deaths and hospitalizations in CHF. 

ACP J Club 99;131(3):A15. [Rec#: 50072] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McCracken CF, Boneham MA, Copeland JR, Williams KE, 

Wilson K, Scott A, McKibbin P, and Cleave N. 

Prevalence of dementia and depression among elderly 

people in black and ethnic minorities. Br J Psychiatry 

97;171:269-73. [Rec#: 33610] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McCracken S, Colburn K, and Pastorik L. Hospice care: 

mapping the message. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

94;11(3):30-5. [Rec#: 4936] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McCue JD. The naturalness of dying. JAMA 

95;273(13):1039-43. Comment in: JAMA. 1995 Oct 

4;274(13):1016. PMID: 7563450. [Rec#: 4938] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

McCuistion PO. Increasing minority access to hospice care. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 94;11(5):19-21. [Rec#: 13545] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McCullough, P. K. Evaluation and management of anxiety in 

the older adult. Geriatrics 92;47(4):35-38. 

[Rec#: 50601] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McCurdy DB. Personhood, spirituality, and hope in the care 

of human beings with dementia. J Clin Ethics 

98;9(1):81-91. [Rec#: 33616] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McDermott A. Involving patients in discussions of 

do-not-resuscitate orders. Prof Nurse 2002;17(8):465-8. 

[Rec#: 13549] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McDevitt J, Porter K, and Murray M. A continuum of 

palliative care. Can Nurse 92;88(4):39-41. 

[Rec#: 13551] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McDonald K, Ledwidge M, Cahill J, Kelly J, Quigley P, 

Maurer B, Begley F, Ryder M, Travers B, Timmons L, 

and Burke T. Elimination of early rehospitalization in a 

randomized, controlled trial of multidisciplinary care in 

a high-risk, elderly heart failure population: the 

potential contributions of specialist care, clinical 

stability and optimal angiotensin-converting enzyme 

inhibitor dose at discharge. Eur J Heart Fail 

2001;3(2):209-15. [Rec#: 50073] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McDonald K, Ledwidge M, Cahill J, Quigley P, Maurer B, 

Travers B, Ryder M, Kieran E, Timmons L, and Ryan 

E. Heart failure management: multidisciplinary care has 

intrinsic benefit above the optimization of medical care. 

J Card Fail 2002;8(3):142-8. [Rec#: 33624] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McDonald, M. V., Passik, S. D., Dugan, W., Rosenfeld, B., 

Theobald, D. E., and Edgerton, S. Nurses' recognition of 

depression in their patients with cancer. Oncology 

Nursing Forum 99;26:593-599. [Rec#: 50602] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McDougall GJ and Balyer J. Decreasing mental frailty in 

at-risk elders. Geriatr Nurs 98;19(4):220-4. 

[Rec#: 42205] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

McDowell EE. Death's challenges from the perspective of 

three generations of elderly. J Long Term Home Health 

Care 97;16(3):4-14. [Rec#: 4949] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McGee, H. M., O'Boyle, C. A., Hickey, A., O'Malley, K., 

and Joyce, C. R. Assessing the quality of life of the 

individual: the SEIQoL with a healthy and a 

gastroenterology unit population. Psychol Med 

91;21(3):749-59. [Rec#: 50876] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McGilton KS, Rivera TM, and Dawson P. Can we help 

persons with dementia find their way in a new 

environment? Aging Ment Health 2003;7(5):363-71. 

Erratum in: Aging Ment Health. 2003 

Nov;7(6):following author index. [Rec#: 50074] 

In abstract review process 

McGloin JM. Dying in Connecticut--the facts. Conn Med 

2002;66(11):665-9. [Rec#: 4963] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McGough K and Ladd L. Facilitating communication and 

collaboration across the continuum: a transportable plan 

of care. J Nurs Adm 99;29(7-8):42, 56. [Rec#: 13574] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McGouran RC. Dying with dignity. Clin Med 

2002;2(1):43-4. [Rec#: 4964] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-161 

McGovern M. A nurse-led service to provide palliative care 

in the community. Prof Nurse 2001;17(2):127-8. 

[Rec#: 4965] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McGrath P, Vun M, and McLeod L. Needs and experiences 

of non-English-speaking hospice patients and families 

in an English-speaking country. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(5):305-12. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care. 2001 Nov-Dec;18(6):429. PMID: 11712727. 

[Rec#: 13581] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

McGrath P, Yates P, Clinton M, and Hart G. "What should I 

say?": qualitative findings on dilemmas in palliative 

care nursing. Hosp J 99;14(2):17-33. [Rec#: 13582] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McGrath P. Caregivers' insights on the dying trajectory in 

hematology oncology. Cancer Nurs 2001;24(5):413-21. 

[Rec#: 4972] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

McGrath P. Creating a language for 'spiritual pain' through 

research: a beginning. Support Care Cancer 

2002;10(8):637-46. Comment in: Support Care Cancer. 

2003 Jun;11(6):378-9; author reply 380-1. PMID: 

12720071. [Rec#: 4973] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

McGrath P. Dying in the curative system: the 

haematology/oncology dilemma. Part 1. Aust J Holist 

Nurs 2001;8(2):22-30. [Rec#: 4974] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

McGrath P. End-of-life care for hematological malignancies: 

the 'technological imperative' and palliative care. J 

Palliat Care 2002;18(1):39-47. [Rec#: 4975] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

McGrath P. Palliative care for patients with hematological 

malignancies--if not, why not? J Palliat Care 

99;15(3):24-30. [Rec#: 4976] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

McGrath P. Putting spirituality on the agenda: hospice 

research findings on the 'ignored' dimension. Hosp J 

97;12(4):1-14. [Rec#: 13579] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

McGrath P. Qualitative findings on the experience of 

end-of-life care for hematological malignancies. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2002;19(2):103-11. Comment in: Am 

J Hosp Palliat Care. 2002 Mar-Apr;19(2):79-80. PMID: 

11926447. [Rec#: 4977] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

McGrath P. Religiosity and the challenge of terminal illness. 

Death Stud 2003;27(10):881-99. [Rec#: 13580] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

McGrath P. The burden of the 'RA RA' positive: survivors' 

and hospice patients' reflections on maintaining a 

positive attitude to serious illness. Support Care Cancer 

2004;12(1):25-33. [Rec#: 4971] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

McGraw SA, Dobihal E, Baggish R, and Bradley EH. How 

can we improve care at the end of life in Connecticut? 

Recommendations from focus groups. Conn Med 

2002;66(11):655-64. [Rec#: 13584] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

McGrew DM. Chronic illnesses and the end of life. Prim 

Care 2001;28(2):339-47. [Rec#: 4984] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

McIntyre MR. Understanding living with dying. Can Nurse 

97;93(1):19-25. Comment in: Can Nurse. 1997 

Jan;93(1):3. PMID: 9095766. [Rec#: 4991] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McKeogh, M. Dementia in HIV disease--a challenge for 

palliative care? Journal of Palliative Care 

95;11(2):30-3. [Rec#: 50603] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McKinlay EM. Within the Circle of Care: patient 

experiences of receiving palliative care. J Palliat Care 

2001;17(1):22-9. [Rec#: 4999] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

McKinlay JB, Crawford SL, and Tennstedt SL. The everyday 

impacts of providing informal care to dependent elders 

and their consequences for the care recipients. J Aging 

Health 95;7(4):497-528. [Rec#: 42210] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McKinney AA and Deeny P. Leaving the intensive care unit: 

a phenomenological study of the patients' experience. 

Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2002;18(6):320-31. 

[Rec#: 42213] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McLauchlan CA. ABC of major trauma. Handling distressed 

relatives and breaking bad news. BMJ 

90;301(6761):1145-9. [Rec#: 13603] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McLoughlin PA. Community specialist palliative care: 

experiences of patients and carers. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(7):344-53. [Rec#: 13610] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-162 

McMillan A, Mentnech RM, Lubitz J, McBean AM, and 

Russell D. Trends and patterns in place of death for 

Medicare enrollees. Health Care Financ Rev 

90;12(1):1-7. [Rec#: 42218] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McMillan M and Armitage D. Community palliative care in 

australia. Nurs Health Sci 2002;4(3 Suppl):A7. 

[Rec#: 5012] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

McMillan SC and Mahon M. Measuring quality of life in 

hospice patients using a newly developed Hospice 

Quality of Life Index. Qual Life Res 94;3(6):437-47. 

[Rec#: 5018] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

McMillan SC and Tittle M. A descriptive study of the 

management of pain and pain-related side effects in a 

cancer center and a hospice. Hosp J 95;10(1):89-107. 

[Rec#: 5022] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

McMillan SC and Weitzner MA. Methodologic issues in 

collecting data from debilitated patients with cancer 

near the end of life. Oncol Nurs Forum 

2003;30(1):123-9. [Rec#: 13613] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

McMillan SC. Quality-of-Life Assessment in Palliative Care. 

Cancer Control 96;3(3):223-229. [Rec#: 5014] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

McMurdo ME and Rennie L. A controlled trial of exercise 

by residents of old people's homes. Age Ageing 

93;22(1):11-5. [Rec#: 42219] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

McNamara B, Martin K, Waddell C, and Yuen K. Palliative 

care in a multicultural society: perceptions of health 

care professionals. Palliat Med 97;11(5):359-67. 

[Rec#: 5026] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

McNamara B, Waddell C, and Colvin M. The 

institutionalization of the good death. Soc Sci Med 

94;39(11):1501-8. [Rec#: 13616] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

McNamara N. Nursing the families of critically ill patients. 

Nurs N Z 2002;8(7):20. [Rec#: 13617] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

McNamee P, Gregson BA, Buck D, Bamford CH, Bond J, 

and Wright K. Costs of formal care for frail older 

people in England: the resource implications study of 

the MRC cognitive function and ageing study (RIS 

MRC CFAS). Soc Sci Med 99;48(3):331-41. 

[Rec#: 42220] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McNamee P, Gregson BA, Wright K, Buck D, Bamford CH, 

and Bond J. Estimation of a multiproduct cost function 

for physically frail older people. Health Econ 

98;7(8):701-10. [Rec#: 42221] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McNeely PD, Hebert PC, Dales RE, O'Connor AM, Wells G, 

McKim D, and Sullivan KE. Deciding about mechanical 

ventilation in end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary 

disease: how respirologists perceive their role. CMAJ 

97;156(2):177-83. [Rec#: 5033] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McNeil DG. Racial differences are found in use of feeding 

tubes. NY Times (Print) 2003;A21. [Rec#: 5034] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McPhee SJ and Markowitz AJ. Psychological considerations, 

growth, and transcendence at the end of life: the art of 

the possible. JAMA 2001;286(23):3002. [Rec#: 13628] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McPherson CJ and Addington-Hall JM. Judging the quality 

of care at the end of life: can proxies provide reliable 

information? Soc Sci Med 2003;56(1):95-109. 

[Rec#: 13630] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

McPherson, C. J., Higginson, I. J., and Hearn, J. Effective 

methods of giving information in cancer: a systematic 

literature review of randomized controlled trials. J 

Public Health Med 2001;23(3):227-34. [Rec#: 50141] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

McPherson, C. J., Higginson, I. J., and Hearn, J. Effective 

methods of giving information in cancer: a systematic 

literature review of randomized controlled trials. 

Journal of Public Health Medicine 2001;23(3):227-34. 

[Rec#: 50604] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McQuay JE, Schwartz R, Goldblatt PC, and Giangrasso VM. 

"Death-telling" research project. Crit Care Nurs Clin 

North Am 95;7(3):549-55. [Rec#: 42227] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-163 

McQuay JE. Support of families who had a loved one suffer 

a sudden injury, illness, or death. Crit Care Nurs Clin 

North Am 95;7(3):541-7. [Rec#: 42226] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

sudden/violent/non-chronic deaths 

McQuay, H. J., Moore, R. A., Eccleston, C., Morley, S., and 

Williams, A. C. Systematic review of outpatient 

services for chronic pain control. Health Technol 

Assess 97;1(6):i-iv, 1-135. [Rec#: 50143] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McQuay, H., Carroll, D., Jadad, A. R., Wiffen, P., and 

Moore, A. Anticonvulsant drugs for management of 

pain: a systematic review. BMJ 95;311(7012):1047-52. 

[Rec#: 50142] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

McQueen MJ and Walsh L. The use of painkillers at the end 

of life. Linacre Q 99;66(4):73-8. [Rec#: 13633] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

McSkimming S, Myrick M, and Wasinger M. Organizational 

assessment of end-of-life care. Health Prog 

2000;81(1):49-53, 58. [Rec#: 5039] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

McVie JG. Chemotherapy for advanced disease. How to 

raise enthusiasm. Chest 96;109(5 Suppl):80S-82S. 

[Rec#: 33664] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

McWhan K. Caring for dying patients in acute hospital 

wards: a review. Nurs Pract 91;5(1):25-8. 

[Rec#: 13641] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

McWhinney IR and Stewart MA. Home care of dying 

patients. Family physicians' experience with a palliative 

care support team. Can Fam Physician 94;40:240-6. 

[Rec#: 13643] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Meares CJ. Nutritional issues in palliative care. Semin 

Oncol Nurs 2000;16(2):135-45. [Rec#: 13649] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Meares CJ. Primary caregiver perceptions of intake cessation 

in patients who are terminally Ill. Oncol Nurs Forum 

97;24(10):1751-7. [Rec#: 42229] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Meares CJ. Terminal dehydration: a review. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 94;11(3):10-4. [Rec#: 13650] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Medicare hospice benefit. J Miss State Med Assoc 

2000;41(1):457-8. [Rec#: 5047] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Medley L and Cullen M. Best supportive care versus 

palliative chemotherapy in nonsmall-cell lung cancer. 

Curr Opin Oncol 2002;14(4):384-8. [Rec#: 5051] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Meehan T, Robertson S, and Vermeer C. The impact of 

relocation on elderly patients with mental illness. Aust 

N Z J Ment Health Nurs 2001;10(4):236-42. 

[Rec#: 42233] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Meehan T, Robertson S, and Vermeer C. The impact of 

relocation on elderly patients with mental illness. Aust 

N Z J Ment Health Nurs 2001;10(4):236-42. 

[Rec#: 50075] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Meeker MA. Family surrogate decision making at the end of 

life: seeing them through with care and respect. Qual 

Health Res 2004;14(2):204-25. [Rec#: 13662] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Meeres C and McKenna F. Dying with dignity. Nurs Times 

2001;97(33):36-7. [Rec#: 13664] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Meghani SH. A concept analysis of palliative care in the 

United States. J Adv Nurs 2004;46(2):152-61. 

[Rec#: 5054] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mehr DR, Williams BC, and Fries BE. Predicting discharge 

outcomes of VA nursing home residents. J Aging 

Health 97;9(2):244-65. [Rec#: 42234] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Mehra MR and Uber PA. The dilemma of late-stage heart 

failure. Rationale for chronic parenteral inotropic 

support. Cardiol Clin 2001;19(4):627-36. 

[Rec#: 13666] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mehta A and Ezer H. My love is hurting: the meaning 

spouses attribute to their loved ones' pain during 

palliative care. J Palliat Care 2003;19(2):87-94. 

[Rec#: 5056] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Mehta KM, Yaffe K, and Covinsky KE. Cognitive 

impairment, depressive symptoms, and functional 

decline in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2002;50(6):1045-50. [Rec#: 42236] 

In abstract review process 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-164 

Mehta NJ, Khan IA, Mehta RN, Tejani F, Vasavada BC, and 

Sacchi TJ. End-of-life care-related publications in 

cardiology journals. Am J Cardiol 2001;88(12):1460-3, 

A9. [Rec#: 13667] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Meier DE, Ahronheim JC, Morris J, Baskin-Lyons S, and 

Morrison RS. High short-term mortality in hospitalized 

patients with advanced dementia: lack of benefit of tube 

feeding. Arch Intern Med 2001;161(4):594-9. 

Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2001 Oct 

22;161(19):2385-6. PMID: 11606159. [Rec#: 33683] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Meier DE, Back AL, and Morrison RS. The inner life of 

physicians and care of the seriously ill. JAMA 

2001;286(23):3007-14. Comment in: JAMA. 2002 Mar 

6;287(9):1113-4. PMID: 11879103. Comment in: 

JAMA. 2002 Mar 6;287(9):1114. PMID: 11879104. 

Comment in: JAMA. 2002 Mar 6;287(9):1114. PMID: 

11879105. [Rec#: 42241] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Meier DE, Thar W, Jordan A, Goldhirsch SL, Siu A, and 

Morrison RS. Integrating case management and 

palliative care. J Palliat Med 2004;7(1):119-34. 

[Rec#: 5058] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Meier DE. Palliative care programs: what, why, and how? 

Physician Exec 2001;27(6):43-7. [Rec#: 13670] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Meijer A, Van Campen C, and Kerkstra A. A comparative 

study of the financing, provision and quality of care in 

nursing homes. The approach of four European 

countries: Belgium, Denmark, Germany and the 

Netherlands. J Adv Nurs 2000;32(3):554-61. 

[Rec#: 42242] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Mejhert M, Persson H, Edner M, and Kahan T. 

Epidemiology of heart failure in Sweden--a national 

survey. Eur J Heart Fail 2001;3(1):97-103. 

[Rec#: 50076] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Melin AL and Bygren LO. Perceived functional health of 

frail elderly in a primary home care programme and 

correlation of self-perception with objective 

measurements. Scand J Soc Med 93;21(4):256-63. 

[Rec#: 42250] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Melin AL. A randomized trial of multidisciplinary in-home 

care for frail elderly patients awaiting hospital 

discharge. Aging (Milano) 95;7(3):247-50. 

[Rec#: 42248] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mellish VJ. Counselling and support in intensive care. Nurs 

Crit Care 96;1(3):116-9. [Rec#: 42251] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Mello M and Jenkinson C. Comparison of medical and 

nursing attitudes to resuscitation and patient autonomy 

between a British and an American teaching hospital. 

Soc Sci Med 98;46(3):415-24. [Rec#: 42252] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Melmed GY, Kwan L, Reid K, and Litwin MS. Quality of 

life at the end of life: trends in patients with metastatic 

prostate cancer. Urology 2002;59(1):103-9. 

[Rec#: 5067] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Melville A and Eastwood A. Management of lung cancer. 

Qual Health Care 98;7(3):170-7. [Rec#: 13682] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Melville A, Eastwood A, and Turner-Boutle M. On the 

evidence. Lung cancer. Health Serv J 

98;108(5610):30-1. [Rec#: 13683] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Melvin TA. The primary care physician and palliative care. 

Prim Care 2001;28(2):239-49. [Rec#: 5069] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Melzer D, Guralnik JM, and Brock D. Prevalence and 

distribution of hip and knee joint replacements and hip 

implants in older Americans by the end of life. Aging 

Clin Exp Res 2003;15(1):60-6. [Rec#: 5071] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Mendonca JD, Velamoor VR, and Sauve D. Key features of 

maltreatment of the infirm elderly in home settings. 

Can J Psychiatry 96;41(2):107-13. [Rec#: 42258] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Mennecier B, Lebitasy MP, Moreau L, Hedelin G, Purohit A, 

Galichet C, and Quoix E. Women and small cell lung 

cancer: social characteristics, medical history, 

management and survival: a retrospective study of all 

the male and female cases diagnosed in Bas-Rhin 

(Eastern France) between 1981 and 1994. Lung Cancer 

2003;42(2):141-52. [Rec#: 33694] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Menzel LK. Is it worth it? Balancing the benefit of extended 

life with the cost of suffering during critical illness. Crit 

Care Nurse 98;18(4):67-73. [Rec#: 5077] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-165 

Mercadante S and Simonetti MT. Dobutamine as palliative 

drug in home-care advanced cancer patients. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 94;9(7):480-3. [Rec#: 5101] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mercadante S, Fulfaro F, and Casuccio A. Pattern of drug 

use by advanced cancer patients followed at home. J 

Palliat Care 2001;17(1):37-40. [Rec#: 5091] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Mercadante S, Fusco F, Valle A, Fulfaro F, Casuccio A, 

Silvestro S, and Donelli E. Factors involved in 

gastrointestinal bleeding in advanced cancer patients 

followed at home. Support Care Cancer 

2004;12(2):95-8. [Rec#: 5095] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Mercadante S. Nutrition in cancer patients. Support Care 

Cancer 96;4(1):10-20. Comment in: Support Care 

Cancer. 1996 Jan;4(1):1-3. PMID: 8771286. 

[Rec#: 13692] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mercadante S. Pain treatment and outcomes for patients with 

advanced cancer who receive follow-up care at home. 

Cancer 99;85(8):1849-58. Comment in: Cancer. 1999 

Apr 15;85(8):1645-8, iii. PMID: 10223555. 

[Rec#: 5080] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mercadante, S., Casuccio, A., and Fulfaro, F. The couse of 

symptom frequency and intensity in advanced cancer 

patients followed at home. Journal of Pain & Symptom 

Management 2000;20:104-112. [Rec#: 50605] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mercadante, S., Radbruch, L., Caraceni, A., Cherny, N., 

Kaasa, S., Nauck, F., Ripamonti, C., De Conno, F., and 

Steering Committee of the European Association for 

Palliative Care Research, Network. Episodic 

(breakthrough) pain: consensus conference of an expert 

working group of the European Association for 

Palliative Care. Cancer 2002;94(3):832-9. 

[Rec#: 50606] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Merimsky O, Kollender Y, Inbar M, Lev-Chelouche D, 

Gutman M, Issakov J, Mazeh D, Shabat S, Bickels J, 

and Meller I. Is forequarter amputation justified for 

palliation of intractable cancer symptoms? Oncology 

2001;60(1):55-9. [Rec#: 5103] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Mermann AC. Spiritual aspects of death and dying. Yale J 

Biol Med 92;65(2):137-42. [Rec#: 13700] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mernick M. Caring for the medically frail patient at home: a 

commentary. Pride Inst J Long Term Home Health 

Care 91;10(4):2-4. [Rec#: 5107] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Merrill JM, Hill CS, Laux LM, Lorimor RI, Thornby JI, 

Thorpe D, and Weinstein SM. Measuring medical 

students' reluctance to prescribe opioids for cancer pain. 

Psychol Rep 99;84(1):28-30. [Rec#: 42263] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Merrill JM, Lorimor RJ, Thornby JI, Woods A, and Vallbona 

C. Self-esteem and caregivers' attitudes toward elderly 

persons. Psychol Rep 96;79(3 Pt 2):1349-50. 

[Rec#: 42264] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Meskenas S, Daniels MJ, and Moore C. Comfort care path 

strengthens support for terminally ill. Hosp Case 

Manag 95;3(9):139-42. [Rec#: 13709] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Messecar DC, Archbold PG, Stewart BJ, and Kirschling J. 

Home environmental modification strategies used by 

caregivers of elders. Res Nurs Health 

2002;25(5):357-70. [Rec#: 42266] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Messenger T and Roberts KT. The terminally ill: serenity 

nursing interventions for hospice clients. J Gerontol 

Nurs 94;20(11):17-22. [Rec#: 5115] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Meuser TM and Marwit SJ. A comprehensive, 

stage-sensitive model of grief in dementia caregiving. 

Gerontologist 2001;41(5):658-70. [Rec#: 5120] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Meyer C. Coming to new terms with death. Am J Nurs 

92;92(8):19-20. Comment in: Am J Nurs. 1992 

Dec;92(12):16. PMID: 1456310. Comment in: Am J 

Nurs. 1992 Nov;92(11):16. PMID: 1485621. Comment 

in: Am J Nurs. 1992 Nov;92(11):16. PMID: 1485620. 

Comment in: Am J Nurs. 1992 Nov;92(11):18. PMID: 

1485622. [Rec#: 13715] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Meyer K and Laederach-Hofmann K. Effects of a 

comprehensive rehabilitation program on quality of life 

in patients with chronic heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc 

Nurs 2003;18(4):169-76. [Rec#: 33724] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Meyer K, Samek L, Schwaibold M, Westbrook S, Hajric R, 

Beneke R, Lehmann M, and Roskamm H. Interval 

training in patients with severe chronic heart failure: 

analysis and recommendations for exercise procedures. 

Med Sci Sports Exerc 97;29(3):306-12. [Rec#: 33725] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-166 

Meyer K, Samek L, Schwaibold M, Westbrook S, Hajric R, 

Lehmann M, Essfeld D, and Roskamm H. Physical 

responses to different modes of interval exercise in 

patients with chronic heart failure--application to 

exercise training. Eur Heart J 96;17(7):1040-7. 

[Rec#: 33726] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Meyer RM. Using adult learning concepts to assist patients in 

completing advance directives. J Contin Educ Nurs 

2000;31(4):174-8. [Rec#: 5125] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Meyer RW. Measuring quality of care at the end of life: 

who? when? where? and how? West J Med 

2000;172(6):377-8. [Rec#: 13720] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Meyers FJ and Linder J. Simultaneous care: disease 

treatment and palliative care throughout illness. J Clin 

Oncol 2003;21(7):1412-5. Comment in: J Clin Oncol. 

2003 Dec 1;21(23):4463. PMID: 14645442. 

[Rec#: 5127] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Meystre CJ, Burley NM, and Ahmedzai S. What 

investigations and procedures do patients in hospices 

want? Interview based survey of patients and their 

nurses. BMJ 97;315(7117):1202-3. Comment in: BMJ. 

1998 Apr 11;316(7138):1166-7. PMID: 9569421. 

Comment in: BMJ. 1998 Apr 11;316(7138):1166; 

author reply 1167-8. PMID: 9569420. Comment in: 

BMJ. 1998 Apr 11;316(7138):1167. PMID: 9569422. 

Comment in: BMJ. 1998 Apr 11;316(7138):1167. 

[Rec#: 5131] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mezey M, Bottrell MM, and Ramsey G. Advance directives 

protocol: nurses helping to protect patient's rights. The 

NICHE faculty. Geriatr Nurs 96;17(5):204-9; quiz 210. 

[Rec#: 5132] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mezey MD, Mitty EL, Bottrell MM, Ramsey GC, and Fisher 

T. Advance directives: older adults with dementia. Clin 

Geriatr Med 2000;16(2):255-68. [Rec#: 5134] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Michel JP, Pautex S, Zekry D, Zulian G, and Gold G. 

End-of-life care of persons with dementia. J Gerontol A 

Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57(10):M640-4. [Rec#: 5142] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mick DJ and Ackerman MH. New perspectives on advanced 

practice nursing case management for aging patients. 

Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2002;14(3):281-91. 

[Rec#: 42280] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Mickley JR, Pargament KI, Brant CR, and Hipp KM. God 

and the search for meaning among hospice caregivers. 

Hosp J 98;13(4):1-17. [Rec#: 5147] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Middel B, Bouma J, de Jongste M, van Sonderen E, 

Niemeijer MG, Crijns H, and van den Heuvel W. 

Psychometric properties of the Minnesota Living with 

Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF-Q). Clin Rehabil 

2001;15(5):489-500. [Rec#: 33740] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Middleton W, Burnett P, Raphael B, and Martinek N. The 

bereavement response: a cluster analysis. Br J 

Psychiatry 96;169(2):167-71. [Rec#: 5149] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Middleton W, Moylan A, Raphael B, Burnett P, and 

Martinek N. An international perspective on 

bereavement related concepts. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 

93;27(3):457-63. [Rec#: 5150] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Middleton W, Raphael B, Burnett P, and Martinek N. A 

longitudinal study comparing bereavement phenomena 

in recently bereaved spouses, adult children and parents. 

Aust N Z J Psychiatry 98;32(2):235-41. [Rec#: 5151] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Middleton W, Raphael B, Burnett P, and Martinek N. 

Psychological distress and bereavement. J Nerv Ment 

Dis 97;185(7):447-53. [Rec#: 5152] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Miedema F. Withdrawing treatment from the hopelessly ill. 

Part 1: The ethical case. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 

93;12(1):40-5. [Rec#: 5154] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Mielke J, Martin DK, and Singer PA. Priority setting in a 

hospital critical care unit: qualitative case study. Crit 

Care Med 2003;31(12):2764-8. Comment in: Crit Care 

Med. 2003 Dec;31(12):2809-11. PMID: 14668623. 

[Rec#: 42282] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Milch RA and Dunn GP. Communication: part of the 

surgical armamentarium. J Am Coll Surg 

2001;193(4):449-51. [Rec#: 13735] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Milch RA and Schumacher JD. The future of hospice. West 

J Med 99;171(4):224. [Rec#: 5161] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Milch RA. The dying patient: pain management at the 

hospice level. Curr Rev Pain 2000;4(3):215-8. 

[Rec#: 5160] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-167 

Milch RA. The surgeon-patient relationship in advanced 

illness. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2001;10(1):25-30. 

[Rec#: 13734] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Miles A. Caring for the family left behind. Am J Nurs 

93;93(12):34-6. [Rec#: 13736] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Miles SH, Koepp R, and Weber EP. Advance end-of-life 

treatment planning. A research review. Arch Intern 

Med 96;156(10):1062-8. [Rec#: 13737] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Miles SH, Weber EP, and Koepp R. End-of-life treatment in 

managed care. The potential and the peril. West J Med 

95;163(3):302-5. [Rec#: 13738] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Millar B. Palliative care for people with non-malignant 

diseases. Nurs Times 98;94(48):52-3. [Rec#: 13739] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Miller B and Furner SE. Change in the number of informal 

helpers of frail older persons. Public Health Rep 

94;109(4):583-6. [Rec#: 42288] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Miller DK, Coe RM, and Hyers TM. Achieving consensus on 

withdrawing or withholding care for critically ill 

patients. J Gen Intern Med 92;7(5):475-80. Comment 

in: J Gen Intern Med. 1992 Sep-Oct;7(5):563-5. PMID: 

1403216. Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 1993 

Mar;8(3):169. PMID: 8455118. [Rec#: 42290] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Miller DK, Morrison MJ, Blair SD, Miller JP, and Morley 

JE. Predilection for frailty remedial strategies among 

black and white seniors. South Med J 98;91(4):375-80. 

[Rec#: 42291] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Miller DL and Bolla LR. Patient values: the guide to medical 

decision making. Clin Geriatr Med 98;14(4):813-29. 

[Rec#: 5169] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Miller DL, Gorbien MJ, Simbartl LA, and Jahnigen DW. 

Factors influencing physicians in recommending 

in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Arch Intern 

Med 93;153(17):1999-2003. [Rec#: 42292] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Miller DL, Jahnigen DW, Gorbien MJ, and Simbartl L. 

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: how useful? Attitudes 

and knowledge of an elderly population. Arch Intern 

Med 92;152(3):578-82. [Rec#: 42293] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Miller FG and Fins JJ. A proposal to restructure hospital care 

for dying patients. N Engl J Med 96;334(26):1740-2. 

Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 

5;335(23):1765-6; author reply 1767. PMID: 8965878. 

Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 5;335(23):1765; 

author reply 1767. PMID: 8965877. Comment in: N 

Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 5;335(23):1766; author reply 

1767. PMID. [Rec#: 13753] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Miller KE, Miller MM, and Jolley MR. Challenges in pain 

management at the end of life. Am Fam Physician 

2001;64(7):1227-34. Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 

2001 Oct 1;64(7):1154, 1156, 1158, 1160. PMID: 

11601799. [Rec#: 13758] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Miller KE, Miller MM, and Single N. Barriers to hospice 

care: family physicians' perceptions. Hosp J 

97;12(4):29-41. [Rec#: 5173] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Miller LL, Hornbrook MC, Archbold PG, and Stewart BJ. 

Development of use and cost measures in a nursing 

intervention for family caregivers and frail elderly 

patients. Res Nurs Health 96;19(4):273-85. 

[Rec#: 42295] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Miller LL, Nelson LL, and Mezey M. Comfort and pain 

relief in dementia: awakening a new beneficence. J 

Gerontol Nurs 2000;26(9):32-40; quiz 55-6. 

[Rec#: 33761] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Miller PA, Forbes S, and Boyle DK. End-of-life care in the 

intensive care unit: a challenge for nurses. Am J Crit 

Care 2001;10(4):230-7. Comment in: Am J Crit Care. 

2001 Sep;10(5):369. PMID: 11548574. [Rec#: 5174] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Miller RD and Walsh TD. Psychosocial aspects of palliative 

care in advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 

91;6(1):24-9. [Rec#: 5176] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Miller SC and Mor VN. The role of hospice care in the 

nursing home setting. J Palliat Med 2002;5(2):271-7. 

[Rec#: 5183] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Miller SC, Gozalo P, and Mor V. Hospice enrollment and 

hospitalization of dying nursing home patients. Am J 

Med 2001;111(1):38-44. [Rec#: 5178] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-168 

Miller SC, Gozalo P, Mor V. Outcomes and Utilization for 

Hospice and Non-Hospice Nursing Facility Decedents. 

2000;10 January 2004:<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50611] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Miller SC, Kinzbrunner B, Pettit P, and Williams JR. How 

does the timing of hospice referral influence hospice 

care in the last days of life? J Am Geriatr Soc 

2003;51(6):798-806. [Rec#: 5179] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Miller SC, Weitzen S, and Kinzbrunner B. Factors associated 

with the high prevalence of short hospice stays. J 

Palliat Med 2003;6(5):725-36. [Rec#: 5184] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Miller, M., Boyer, M. J., Butow, P. N., Gattellari, M., Dunn, 

S. M., and Childs, A. The use of unproven methods of 

treatment by cancer patients. Frequency, expectations 

and cost. Supportive Care in Cancer 98;6(4):337-47. 

[Rec#: 50609] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Miller, P. J., Hedlund, S. C., and Murphy, K. A. Social work 

assessment at end of life: practice guidelines for suicide 

and the terminally ill. Social Work in Health Care 

98;26(4):23-36. [Rec#: 50610] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Millichap D, Oliver C, McQuillan S, Kalsy S, Lloyd V, and 

Hall S. Descriptive functional analysis of behavioral 

excesses shown by adults with Down syndrome and 

dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003;18(9):844-54. 

[Rec#: 33766] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Milligan M, Fanning M, Hunter S, Tadjali M, and Stevens E. 

Reflexology audit: patient satisfaction, impact on 

quality of life and availability in Scottish hospices. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2002;8(10):489-96. [Rec#: 5187] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Milligan S, McGill M, Sweeney MP, and Malarkey C. Oral 

care for people with advanced cancer: an 

evidence-based protocol. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2001;7(9):418-26. [Rec#: 5188] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Millison M and Dudley JR. Providing spiritual support: a job 

for all hospice professionals. Hosp J 92;8(4):49-66. 

[Rec#: 5190] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Millison MB and Dudley JR. The importance of spirituality 

in hospice work: a study of hospice professionals. Hosp 

J 90;6(3):63-78. [Rec#: 5191] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Miranda AF and Miranda S. Quality of life and longterm 

survival after intensive care discharge. Med J Malaysia 

91;46(1):66-71. [Rec#: 42298] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Miranda DR, de Rijk A, and Schaufeli W. Simplified 

Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System: the TISS-28 

items--results from a multicenter study. Crit Care Med 

96;24(1):64-73. [Rec#: 42299] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Mirka T. The pain of suffering. Can J Cardiovasc Nurs 

96;7(1):15-8. [Rec#: 5206] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mirotznik J. Responses of noninterviewable long-term care 

patients before and after interinstitutional relocation. 

Psychol Rep 95;76(3 Pt 2):1267-80. [Rec#: 50078] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mirowsky J and Ross CE. Age and depression. J Health Soc 

Behav 92;33(3):187-205; discussion 206-12. 

[Rec#: 42300] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Misbin R and Miller DH. "Make me live": autonomy and 

terminal illness. Hastings Cent Rep 90;20(5):42; 

discussion 42-4. Comment in: Hastings Cent Rep. 1992 

Jan-Feb;22(1):45-6. PMID: 1544800. [Rec#: 5207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mitchell DR. The 'good' death: three promises to make at the 

bedside. Geriatrics 97;52(8):91-2. [Rec#: 13791] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mitchell P and Koch T. An attempt to give nursing home 

residents a voice in the quality improvement process: 

the challenge of frailty. J Clin Nurs 97;6(6):453-61. 

[Rec#: 42302] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Mitchell, S. L. Financial incentives for placing feeding tubes 

in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. 

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

2003;51(1):129-31. [Rec#: 50612] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mitty EL. Ethnicity and end-of-life decision-making. Reflect 

Nurs Leadersh 2001;27(1):28-31, 46. [Rec#: 13802] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Miyaji NT. The power of compassion: truth-telling among 

American doctors in the care of dying patients. Soc Sci 

Med 93;36(3):249-64. [Rec#: 5231] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Moeller RA. If doctors can't die with dignity, who can? Med 

Econ 93;70(17):30, 33-4, 36. [Rec#: 5241] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-169 

Mohr DC, Moran PJ, Kohn C, Hart S, Armstrong K, Dias R, 

Bergsland E, and Folkman S. Couples therapy at end of 

life. Psychooncology 2003;12(6):620-7. [Rec#: 5251] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Moinpour CM, Lyons B, Grevstad PK, Lovato LC, Crowley 

J, Czaplicki K, Buckner ZM, Ganz PA, Kelly K, and 

Gandara DR. Quality of life in advanced non-small-cell 

lung cancer: results of a Southwest Oncology Group 

randomized trial. Qual Life Res 2002;11(2):115-26. 

[Rec#: 33800] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Moinpour CM, Polissar L, and Conrad DA. Factors 

associated with length of stay in hospice. Med Care 

90;28(4):363-8. [Rec#: 5252] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Moinpour CM. Do quality of life assessments make a 

difference in the evaluation of cancer treatments? 

Control Clin Trials 97;18(4):311-7. Comment on: 

Control Clin Trials. 1997 Aug;18(4):275-6. PMID: 

9257065. Comment on: Control Clin Trials. 1997 

Aug;18(4):277-85. PMID: 9257066. Comment on: 

Control Clin Trials. 1997 Aug;18(4):286-300. PMID: 

9257067. Comment on: Control Clin Trials. 19. 

[Rec#: 13818] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Moinpour, C. M., Hayden, K. A., Thompson, I. M., Feigl, P., 

and Metch, B. Quality of life assessment in Southwest 

Oncology Group trials. Oncology (Huntingt) 

90;4(5):79-84, 89; discussion 104. [Rec#: 50877] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mok E, Lee WM, and Wong FK. The issue of death and 

dying: employing problem-based learning in nursing 

education. Nurse Educ Today 2002;22(4):319-29. 

[Rec#: 42312] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Molloy DW, Clarnette RM, Braun EA, Eisemann MR, and 

Sneiderman B. Decision making in the incompetent 

elderly: "The Daughter from California syndrome". J 

Am Geriatr Soc 91;39(4):396-9. [Rec#: 5259] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Monahan DJ, Greene VL, and Coleman PD. Caregiver 

support groups: factors affecting use of services. Soc 

Work 92;37(3):254-60. [Rec#: 42315] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Monane M, Bohn RL, Gurwitz JH, Glynn RJ, and Avorn J. 

Noncompliance with congestive heart failure therapy in 

the elderly. Arch Intern Med 94;154(4):433-7. 

Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 1994 Sep 

26;154(18):2109-10. PMID: 8092917. [Rec#: 33812] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Monfardini S. Prescribing anti-cancer drugs in elderly cancer 

patients. Eur J Cancer 2002;38(18):2341-6. 

[Rec#: 42316] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Monroe B. Role of the social worker in palliative care. Ann 

Acad Med Singapore 94;23(2):252-5. [Rec#: 5264] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Monsch AU, Bondi MW, Salmon DP, Butters N, Thal LJ, 

Hansen LA, Wiederholt WC, Cahn DA, and Klauber 

MR. Clinical validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating 

Scale in detecting Dementia of the Alzheimer type. A 

double cross-validation and application to a 

community-dwelling sample. Arch Neurol 

95;52(9):899-904. [Rec#: 33815] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Montazeri A, Gillis CR, and McEwen J. Quality of life in 

patients with lung cancer: a review of literature from 

1970 to 1995. Chest 98;113(2):467-81. [Rec#: 13826] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Montazeri A, Milroy R, Gillis CR, and McEwen J. Quality of 

life: perception of lung cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 

96;32A(13):2284-9. [Rec#: 33818] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Montazeri A, Milroy R, Hole D, McEwen J, and Gillis CR. 

How quality of life data contribute to our understanding 

of cancer patients' experiences? A study of patients with 

lung cancer. Qual Life Res 2003;12(2):157-66. 

[Rec#: 33820] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Montazeri A, Milroy R, Hole D, McEwen J, and Gillis CR. 

Quality of life in lung cancer patients: as an important 

prognostic factor. Lung Cancer 2001;31(2-3):233-40. 

[Rec#: 33821] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Monteleoni, C. and Clark, E. Using rapid-cycle quality 

improvement methodology to reduce feeding tubes in 

patients with advanced dementia: before and after study. 

BMJ 2004;329(7464):491-4. [Rec#: 50912] 

In abstract review process 

Montgomery C. Personal response systems in the United 

States. Home Health Care Serv Q 92;13(3-4):201-22. 

[Rec#: 42321] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Montgomery RJ and Kosloski K. A longitudinal analysis of 

nursing home placement for dependent elders cared for 

by spouses vs adult children. J Gerontol 

94;49(2):S62-74. [Rec#: 42322] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-170 

Monti M, Castellani L, Berlusconi A, and Cunietti E. Use of 

red blood cell transfusions in terminally ill cancer 

patients admitted to a palliative care unit. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 96;12(1):18-22. Comment in: J Pain 

Symptom Manage. 1997 Jun;13(6):318. PMID: 

9204650. [Rec#: 5273] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Moody LE, Webb M, Cheung R, and Lowell J. A focus 

group for caregivers of hospice patients with severe 

dyspnea. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2004;21(2):121-30. 

[Rec#: 5278] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Moore B. Program profile: "I count too"--supporting the 

children of the terminally ill. Continuum 

96;16(5):18-20. [Rec#: 5281] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Moore C. Preparing for a final journey. Nursing 98;28(7):80. 

[Rec#: 5282] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Moore I. Living with Alzheimer's: understanding the family's 

and patient's perspective. Geriatrics 97;52 Suppl 

2:S33-6. [Rec#: 13835] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Moore RJ, Chamberlain RM, and Khuri FR. A voice that 

wraps around the body--communication problems in the 

advanced stages of non-small cell lung cancer. Yale J 

Biol Med 2001;74(6):367-82. [Rec#: 33826] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Moore S, Corner J, Haviland J, Wells M, Salmon E, 

Normand C, Brada M, O'Brien M, and Smith I. Nurse 

led follow up and conventional medical follow up in 

management of patients with lung cancer: randomised 

trial. BMJ 2002;325(7373):1145. Erratum in: BMJ 

2002 Dec 14;325(7377):1386. [Rec#: 33827] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Moore, C., Wisnivesky, J., Williams, S., and McGinn, T. 

Medical errors related to discontinuity of care from an 

inpatieht to an outpatient setting. Journal of General 

Internal Medicine 2003;18:646-651. [Rec#: 50617] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Moorhead LC. Why we all should have living wills. Med 

Econ 91;68(10):24-5. [Rec#: 5290] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morasso G, Capelli M, Viterbori P, Di Leo S, Alberisio A, 

Costantini M, Fiore M, Saccani D, Zeitler G, Verzolatto 

N, Tirelli W, Lazzari L, Partinico M, Borzoni G, Savian 

C, Obertino E, Zotti P, Ivaldi GP, and Henriquet F. 

Psychological and symptom distress in terminal cancer 

patients with met and unmet needs. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 99;17(6):402-9. [Rec#: 5298] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Mor-Barak ME and Miller LS. A longitudinal study of the 

causal relationship between social networks and health 

of the poor frail elderly. J Appl Gerontol 

91;10(3):293-310. [Rec#: 42329] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Mor-Barak ME. Major determinants of social networks in 

frail elderly community residents. Home Health Care 

Serv Q 97;16(1-2):121-37. [Rec#: 42328] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Morch MM, Timpka T, and Granerus AK. Thirty years' 

experience with cancer and non-cancer patients in 

palliative home care. J Palliat Care 99;15(3):43-8. 

[Rec#: 5300] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Moreau D, Goldgran-Toledano D, Alberti C, Jourdain M, 

Adrie C, Annane D, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Lefrant JY, 

Papazian L, Quinio P, Pochard F, and Azoulay E. Junior 

versus senior physicians for informing families of 

intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 

2004;169(4):512-7. [Rec#: 42333] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Moreno R and Morais P. Validation of the simplified 

therapeutic intervention scoring system on an 

independent database. Intensive Care Med 

97;23(6):640-4. [Rec#: 42337] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Moretti A. Food, water, and a patient's final days. Contemp 

Longterm Care 95;18(11):67. [Rec#: 13849] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morey W. A difficult death. Contemp Nurse 96;5(1):26. 

[Rec#: 13850] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morgan AK. A grounded theory of nurse-client interactions 

in palliative care nursing. J Clin Nurs 

2001;10(4):583-4. [Rec#: 13851] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Morgan AK. Palliative home care in a rural setting: 

reflections on selective interactions. Aust J Rural 

Health 97;5(1):22-5. [Rec#: 13852] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-171 

Morgan DG and Stewart NJ. The physical environment of 

special care units: needs of residents with dementia 

from the perspective of staff and family caregivers. 

Qual Health Res 99;9(1):105-18. [Rec#: 33838] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Morgan G. Assessment of quality of life in palliative care. 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2000;6(8):406-10. [Rec#: 13853] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Morgan JF and Killoughery M. Hospital doctors' 

management of psychological problems - Mayou & 

Smith revisited. Br J Psychiatry 2003;182:153-7. 

[Rec#: 13854] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Morgan R and King D. What investigations and procedures 

do patients in hospices want. Providing ineffective 

treatment is futile. BMJ 98;316(7138):1166a. 

[Rec#: 5306] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morgan S. Supportive and palliative care for patients with 

COPD. Nurs Times 2003;99(20):46-7. [Rec#: 5308] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Morgan WE. The surgical management of lung cancer. Br J 

Hosp Med 96;55(10):631-4. [Rec#: 5309] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morin SM and Welsh LA. Adolescents' perceptions and 

experiences of death and grieving. Adolescence 

96;31(123):585-95. [Rec#: 42339] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Age, not adults" 

Morita T, Ichiki T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, and Chihara S. A 

prospective study on the dying process in terminally ill 

cancer patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

98;15(4):217-22. [Rec#: 5323] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Morita T, Tei Y, Shishido H, and Inoue S. Treatable 

complications of cancer patients referred to an in-patient 

hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(5):389-91. 

[Rec#: 5331] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Morita T, Tei Y, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, and Chihara S. 

Determinants of the sensation of thirst in terminally ill 

cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2001;9(3):177-86. 

Comment in: Support Care Cancer. 2001 

May;9(3):139-40. PMID: 11401096. [Rec#: 5332] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, and Chihara S. Do hospice 

clinicians sedate patients intending to hasten death? J 

Palliat Care 99;15(3):20-3. [Rec#: 5336] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, and Chihara S. Effects of high 

dose opioids and sedatives on survival in terminally ill 

cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;21(4):282-9. [Rec#: 5337] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, and Chihara S. Risk factors for 

death rattle in terminally ill cancer patients: a 

prospective exploratory study. Palliat Med 

2000;14(1):19-23. [Rec#: 5341] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, and Chihara S. Terminal 

sedation for existential distress. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2000;17(3):189-95. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care. 2000 May-Jun;17(3):148-9. PMID: 11886062. 

[Rec#: 5343] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Morita T. Differences in physician-reported practice in 

palliative sedation therapy. Support Care Cancer 2004. 

[Rec#: 5316] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Morita, T., Ichiki, T., and Tsunoda, J. A prospective study on 

the dying process in terminally ill cancer patients. 

American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 

98;15:217-222. [Rec#: 50618] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morita, T., Ichiki, T., and Tsunoda, J. A prospective study on 

the dying process in terminally ill cancer patients 

followed at home. Journal of Pain & Symptom 

Management 98. [Rec#: 50619] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Morita, T., Tsunoda, J., Inoue, S., and Chihara, S. Validity of 

the palliative performance scale from a survival 

perspective. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

99;18(1):2-3. [Rec#: 50620] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Morize V, Salomon L, Nguyen DT, Rosenheim M, and 

Desfosses G. Palliative care: are we talking about the 

same patients? Palliat Med 2002;16(1):65-6. 

[Rec#: 5345] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Morris RI and Christie KM. Initiating hospice care. Why, 

when, and how. Home Healthc Nurse 95;13(5):21-6; 

quiz 27-9. [Rec#: 5348] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Morris V. Talking about death won't kill you: the patient's 

perspective. Mo Med 2003;100(1):87-90. 

[Rec#: 13874] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-172 

Morrison RS and Meier DE. Managed care at the end of life. 

Trends Health Care Law Ethics 95-96;10(1-2):91-6. 

[Rec#: 5353] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Morrison RS and Morris J. When there is no cure: palliative 

care for the dying patient. Geriatrics 95;50(7):45-51; 

quiz 52-3. Comment in: Geriatrics. 1995 Sep;50(9):12. 

PMID: 7545628. [Rec#: 5355] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Morrison RS and Siu AL. Survival in end-stage dementia 

following acute illness. JAMA 2000;284(1):47-52. 

Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Jul 5;284(1):87-9. PMID: 

10872019. Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Nov 

15;284(19):2447-8. PMID: 11074770. Comment in: 

JAMA. 2000 Nov 15;284(19):2447; author reply 2448. 

PMID: 11074769. Comment in: JAMA. 2000 Nov 

15;284(19):2447; autho. [Rec#: 5356] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Morrison RS, Meier DE, and Cassel CK. Clinical 

problem-solving. When too much is too little. N Engl J 

Med 96;335(23):1755-9. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 

1997 May 15;336(20):1458-9; author reply 1459. 

PMID: 9148158. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1997 

May 15;336(20):1458; author reply 1459. PMID: 

9148157. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1997 May 

15;336(20):1459. PMID: 9148159. [Rec#: 5354] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morrison RS, Siu AL, Leipzig RM, Cassel CK, and Meier 

DE. The hard task of improving the quality of care at 

the end of life. Arch Intern Med 2000;160(6):743-7. 

[Rec#: 13876] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morrison RS. Planning and providing care at the end of life. 

Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 2000;35(10):61-4, 67-8. 

[Rec#: 13875] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morton R and Brown J. Clinical governance and palliative 

care: a question of synergy. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2000;6(1):43-5. [Rec#: 5365] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Morton R. Breaking bad news to patients with cancer. Prof 

Nurse 96;11(10):669-71. [Rec#: 13883] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Moryl, N., Santiago-Palma, J., Kornick, C., Derby, S., 

Fischberg, D., Payne, R., and Manfredi, P. L. Pitfalls of 

opioid rotation: substituting another opioid for 

methadone in patients with cancer pain. Pain 

2002;96(3):325-8. [Rec#: 50621] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Mosenthal AC and Lee KF. Management of dyspnea at the 

end of life: relief for patients and surgeons. J Am Coll 

Surg 2002;194(3):377-86. Comment in: J Am Coll 

Surg. 2002 Sep;195(3):436; author reply 437. PMID: 

12229956. [Rec#: 5368] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mosenthal AC, Lee KF, and Huffman J. Palliative care in the 

surgical intensive care unit. J Am Coll Surg 

2002;194(1):75-83; discussion 83-5. [Rec#: 5369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Moser DK and Mann DL. Improving outcomes in heart 

failure: It's not unusual beyond usual care. Circulation 

2002;105(24):2810-2. Comment on: Circulation. 2002 

Jun 18;105(24):2861-6. PMID: 12070114. 

[Rec#: 50079] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Moser DK and Worster PL. Effect of psychosocial factors on 

physiologic outcomes in patients with heart failure. J 

Cardiovasc Nurs 2000;14(4):106-15. [Rec#: 33877] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Moser DK, Chung ML, McKinley S, Riegel B, An K, 

Cherrington CC, Blakely W, Biddle M, Frazier SK, and 

Garvin BJ. Critical care nursing practice regarding 

patient anxiety assessment and management. Intensive 

Crit Care Nurs 2003;19(5):276-88. [Rec#: 42350] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Moser DK. Psychosocial factors and their association with 

clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure: why 

clinicians do not seem to care. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 

2002;1(3):183-8. [Rec#: 33876] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Moskowitz JT, Folkman S, and Acree M. Do positive 

psychological states shed light on recovery from 

bereavement? Findings from a 3-year longitudinal 

study. Death Stud 2003;27(6):471-500. [Rec#: 13889] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Moss AH, DeLaura G, and Arnold RC. New WV Board of 

Medicine Policy Statement on pain management at the 

end of life. W V Med J 2001;97(3):160-1. 

[Rec#: 13894] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Moss AH, Holley JL, Davison SN, Dart RA, Germain MJ, 

Cohen L, and Swartz RD. Palliative care. Am J Kidney 

Dis 2004;43(1):172-3. [Rec#: 5375] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Moss AH. Billing procedures and reimbursement for 

palliative care consultations. W V Med J 

2001;97(5):260-1. [Rec#: 5372] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-173 

Moss AH. Patient-centered medicine: achieving outcomes in 

end-of-life care that will meet with high patient and 

family satisfaction. W V Med J 2001;97(6):306-7. 

[Rec#: 13892] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Moss AH. Shared decision-making in dialysis: the new 

RPA/ASN guideline on appropriate initiation and 

withdrawal of treatment. Am J Kidney Dis 

2001;37(5):1081-91. [Rec#: 5374] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Moss AH. The need for more physician communication with 

patients/families facing the end of life. W V Med J 

2001;97(4):206-8. [Rec#: 13891] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Moss B. Palliative care in acute hospitals. Nurs Times 

2002;98(6):35-6. [Rec#: 13895] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Moss MS, Moss SZ, Rubinstein RL, and Black HK. The 

metaphor of "family" in staff communication about 

dying and death. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 

2003;58(5):S290-6. Erratum in: J Gerontol B Psychol 

Sci Soc Sci. 2003 Nov;58(6):S326. [Rec#: 5379] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Moss V. Terminal care for people with AIDS. Practitioner 

91;235(1502):446-9. [Rec#: 13898] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mosterd A and Hoes AW. Reducing hospitalizations for 

heart failure. Eur Heart J 2002;23(11):842-5. Comment 

on: Eur Heart J. 2002 Jun;23(11):877-85. PMID: 

12042009. [Rec#: 50080] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Moulin DE, Clark AJ, Speechley M, and Morley-Forster PK. 

Chronic pain in Canada--prevalence, treatment, impact 

and the role of opioid analgesia. Pain Res Manag 

2002;7(4):179-84. Comment in: Pain Res Manag. 2002 

Winter;7(4):170-3. PMID: 12518172. [Rec#: 42358] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Moulin DE, Kreeft JH, Murray-Parsons N, and Bouquillon 

AI. Comparison of continuous subcutaneous and 

intravenous hydromorphone infusions for management 

of cancer pain. Lancet 91;337(8739):465-8. Comment 

in: Lancet. 1991 Apr 20;337(8747):979. PMID: 

1714029. [Rec#: 5384] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Mount, B. M. and Hamilton, P. When palliative care fails to 

control suffering. Journal of Palliative Care 

94;10(2):24-6; discussion 27-30. [Rec#: 50624] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mount, B. M. and Scott, J. F. Whither hospice evaluation. J 

Chronic Dis 83;36(11):731-6. [Rec#: 50878] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mount, B. M. Volunteer support services, a key component 

of palliative care. Journal of Palliative Care 

92;8(1):59-64. [Rec#: 50623] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mount, B. M., Jones, A., and Patterson, A. Death and dying: 

attitudes in a teaching hospital. Urology 74;4(6):741-8. 

[Rec#: 50625] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mountain G and Pighills A. Pre-discharge home visits with 

older people: time to review practice. Health Soc Care 

Community 2003;11(2):146-54. [Rec#: 42359] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Movsas B and Scott C. Quality-of-life trials in lung cancer: 

past achievements and future challenges. Hematol 

Oncol Clin North Am 2004;18(1):161-86. 

[Rec#: 33884] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Moyle W, Edwards H, and Clinton M. Living with loss: 

dementia and the family caregiver. Aust J Adv Nurs 

2002;19(3):25-31. [Rec#: 5388] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Muego C. Dying at home. Nurs BC 92;24(5):22-6. 

[Rec#: 5392] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mueller PS, Hook CC, and Hayes DL. Ethical analysis of 

withdrawal of pacemaker or implantable 

cardioverter-defibrillator support at the end of life. 

Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78(8):959-63. [Rec#: 5393] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mui AC. Caring for frail elderly parents: a comparison of 

adult sons and daughters. Gerontologist 95;35(1):86-93. 

[Rec#: 42363] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Mui AC. The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly 

(PACE): an innovative long-term care model in the 

United States. J Aging Soc Policy 2001;13(2-3):53-67. 

[Rec#: 42364] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Muir JC and Arnold RM. Palliative care and the hospitalist: 

an opportunity for cross-fertilization. Am J Med 

2001;111(9B):10S-14S. [Rec#: 13913] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Muir JC and Arnold RM. Palliative care and the hospitalist: 

an opportunity for cross-fertilization. Dis Mon 

2002;48(4):207-16. [Rec#: 13914] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-174 

Muir JC, Krammer LM, Cameron JR, and von Gunten CF. 

Symptom control in hospice--state of the art. Hosp J 

99;14(3-4):33-61. [Rec#: 13915] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Muir N. Dealing with death. Nurs Stand 2002;17(3):33. 

[Rec#: 13917] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mukamel DB, Bajorska A, and Temkin-Greener H. Health 

care services utilization at the end of life in a managed 

care program integrating acute and long-term care. Med 

Care 2002;40(12):1136-48. Comment in: Med Care. 

2002 Dec;40(12):1133-5. PMID: 12458296. 

[Rec#: 5399] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Mularski RA and Osborne ML. End-of-life care in the 

critically ill geriatric population. Crit Care Clin 

2003;19(4):789-810, viii. [Rec#: 5400] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mullan JT. The bereaved caregiver: a prospective study of 

changes in well-being. Gerontologist 92;32(5):673-83. 

[Rec#: 5402] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Muller H. Combined regional and systemic chemotherapy for 

advanced and inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. 

Eur J Surg Oncol 2002;28(2):165-71. [Rec#: 5405] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Mulligan MA. The innovative use of a patient-controlled 

analgesia pump for the management of cardiac angina. 

J Palliat Care 98;14(4):47-9. [Rec#: 5408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Mullner RM, Jewell MA, and Mease MA. Monitoring 

changes in home health care: a comparison of two 

national surveys. J Med Syst 99;23(1):21-6. 

[Rec#: 5409] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Mungas D, Cooper JK, Weiler PG, Gietzen D, Franzi C, and 

Bernick C. Dietary preference for sweet foods in 

patients with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 

90;38(9):999-1007. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 

1991 May;39(5):535-6. PMID: 2022811. [Rec#: 33910] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Munley, A., Powers, C. S., and Williamson, J. B. 

Humanizing nursing home environments: the relevance 

of hospice principles. International Journal of Aging & 

Human Development 82;15(4):263-84. [Rec#: 50626] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Munson ML. Characteristics of elderly home health care 

users: data from the 1996 National Home and Hospice 

Care Survey. Adv Data 99;(309):1-11. [Rec#: 5412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Murakami JF and Wong WF. The decision to withdraw tube 

feeding. Hawaii Med J 95;54(4):485-9. [Rec#: 5414] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Murberg TA and Bru E. Social relationships and mortality in 

patients with congestive heart failure. J Psychosom Res 

2001;51(3):521-7. [Rec#: 33915] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Murberg TA, Bru E, Aarsland T, and Svebak S. Functional 

status and depression among men and women with 

congestive heart failure. Int J Psychiatry Med 

98;28(3):273-91. [Rec#: 33916] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Murkofsky, R. L., Phillips, R. S., McCarthy, E. P., Davis, R. 

B., and Hamel, M. B. Length of stay in home care 

before and after the 1997 Balanced Budget Act. JAMA 

2003;289(21):2841-8. [Rec#: 50627] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Murphy C and Sweeney MA. Conflict resolution with end of 

life decisions in critical care settings. Medinfo 95;8 Pt 

2:1696. [Rec#: 5417] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Murphy M, Patterson G, and O'Doherty C. Improving 

terminal care. Community Nurse 96;2(8):28. 

[Rec#: 5420] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Murphy NM. AIDS & the soul of the physician. J Int Assoc 

Physicians AIDS Care 96;2(6):6-8. [Rec#: 13939] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Murphy P, Kreling B, Kathryn E, Stevens M, Lynn J, and 

Dulac J. Description of the SUPPORT intervention. 

Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for 

Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2000;48(5 Suppl):S154-61. [Rec#: 5421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Murphy, D. J., Burrows, D., Santilli, S., Kemp, A. W., 

Tenner, S., Kreling, B., and Teno, J. The influence of 

the probability of survival on patients' preferences 

regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation. New England 

Journal of Medicine 94;330(8):545-9. [Rec#: 50628] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Murphy, S. T., Palmer, J. M., Azen, S., Frank, G., Michel, 

V., and Blackhall, L. J. Ethnicity and advance care 

directives. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 

96;24(2):108-17. [Rec#: 50629] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-175 

Murray MA, O'Connor AM, Fiset V, and Viola R. Women's 

decision-making needs regarding place of care at end of 

life. J Palliat Care 2003;19(3):176-84. [Rec#: 5440] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Murray MF. When it comes to advance directives, we can't 

afford question marks. Imprint 98;45(3):27, 30. 

[Rec#: 5441] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Murray PK, Singer M, Dawson NV, Thomas CL, and Cebul 

RD. Outcomes of rehabilitation services for nursing 

home residents. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 

2003;84(8):1129-36. [Rec#: 33929] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Murray SA, Boyd K, Kendall M, Worth A, Benton TF, and 

Clausen H. Dying of lung cancer or cardiac failure: 

prospective qualitative interview study of patients and 

their carers in the community. BMJ 

2002;325(7370):929. Comment in: BMJ. 2002 Oct 

26;325(7370):915-6. PMID: 12399323. [Rec#: 5442] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Murray SA, Grant E, Grant A, and Kendall M. Dying from 

cancer in developed and developing countries: lessons 

from two qualitative interview studies of patients and 

their carers. BMJ 2003;326(7385):368. Comment in: 

BMJ. 2003 Jul 26;327(7408):222. PMID: 12881274. 

Comment in: BMJ. 2003 May 24;326(7399):1146. 

PMID: 12764005. [Rec#: 5443] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Murray SA, Kendall M, Boyd K, Worth A, and Benton TF. 

Exploring the spiritual needs of people dying of lung 

cancer or heart failure: a prospective qualitative 

interview study of patients and their carers. Palliat Med 

2004;18(1):39-45. [Rec#: 5444] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Murrell SA, Meeks S, and Walker J. Protective functions of 

health and self-esteem against depression in older adults 

facing illness or bereavement. Psychol Aging 

91;6(3):352-60. [Rec#: 5445] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Murtagh FE, Preston M, and Higginson I. Patterns of dying: 

palliative care for non-malignant disease. Clin Med 

2004;4(1):39-44. [Rec#: 5446] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Musgrave CF. Terminal dehydration. To give or not to give 

intravenous fluids? Cancer Nurs 90;13(1):62-6. 

[Rec#: 13955] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Muszbek K and Ruzsa A. Supportive palliative treatment, 

psychological care and the hospice movement in 

Hungary. Support Care Cancer 96;4(1):7-9. 

[Rec#: 13958] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Muzzin LJ, Anderson NJ, Figueredo AT, and Gudelis SO. 

The experience of cancer. Soc Sci Med 

94;38(9):1201-8. [Rec#: 13959] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Myers KG and Trotman IF. Palliative care needs in a district 

general hospital: a survey of patients with cancer. Eur J 

Cancer Care (Engl) 96;5(2):116-21. [Rec#: 5457] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Myrdal G, Valtysdottir S, Lambe M, and Stahle E. Quality of 

life following lung cancer surgery. Thorax 

2003;58(3):194-7. Comment in: Thorax. 2003 

Mar;58(3):189. PMID: 12612288. [Rec#: 33943] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Mystakidou K, Parpa E, Tsilika E, Katsouda E, Kouloulias 

V, Kouvaris J, Georgaki S, and Vlahos L. Pain 

management of cancer patients with transdermal 

fentanyl: A study of 1828 step I, II, & III transfers. J 

Pain 2004;5(2):119-32. [Rec#: 5461] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Mystakidou K, Tsilika E, Befon S, Kululias V, and Vlahos L. 

Optimizing hospital-based home care for dying cancer 

patients: a population-based study. Palliat Med 

99;13(5):385-92. [Rec#: 5462] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Mystakidou K, Tsilika E, Kouloulias V, Parpa E, Katsouda 

E, Kouvaris J, and Vlahos L. The "Palliative Care 

Quality of Life Instrument (PQLI)" in terminal cancer 

patients. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2004;2(1):8. 

[Rec#: 5464] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Myths of pain control in the dying addressed. Hosp Ethics 

93;9(2):14-5. [Rec#: 13966] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Mytko, J. J. and Knight, S. J. Body, mind and spirit: towards 

the integration of religiosity and spirituality in cancer 

quality of life research. Psycho-Oncology 

99;85:439-450. [Rec#: 50630] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Nagaratnam N and Lewis-Jones M. Predictive properties of 

referral communications for mental illness and dementia 

in a community. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 

98;9(2):117-20. [Rec#: 33949] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-176 

Nally AT. Hospice care eases the transition while preserving 

dignity. ONS News 98;13(8):1, 4-5. [Rec#: 13978] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Advisory Committee on Palliative Care. Report of 

the National Advisory Committee on Palliative Care. 

2001;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50631] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Distress 

Management - v.1.2003. 2003;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50632] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Practice 

Guidelines For The Management Of Psychosocial 

Distress. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 

Oncology (Huntington) 99;13(5A):113-147. 

[Rec#: 50633] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Palliative Care - 

v1.2003. 2003;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50635] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Palliative Care 

Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. 2002;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50634] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Consensus Project. National Consensus Project for 

Quality Palliative Care: Clinical Practice Guidelines. 

2004;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50836] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

National Council for Hospice and Specialist Palliative Care 

Services (Great Britain). Care for the dying at home: 

guidelines. Bull Med Ethics 93;No. 88:8-11. 

[Rec#: 13985] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Council For Hospice And Specialist Palliative Care 

Services. Definitions of palliative and supportive care. 

2002;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50636] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Council For Hospice And Specialist Palliative Care 

Services. Dilemmas and Directions: The Future of 

Specialist Palliative Care. A Discussion Paper. 

1997;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50637] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Health Service Quality Improvement Scotland. 

Clinical Standards for Specialist Palliative Care. 

2002;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50638] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

National Institute of Health Consensus Development 

Program. NIH State-of-the-Science Conference on 

Symptom Management in Cancer: Pain, Depression 

and Fatigue-Final statement. 2002;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50640] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

National Institute of Health Consensus Development 

Program. NIH State-of-the-Science Conference on 

Symptom Management in Cancer: Pain, Depression 

and Fatigue - conference program and abstracts. 

2002;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50837] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

National Institute of Health. Symptoms in Terminal Illness: 

A Research Workshop. 1997;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50639] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Nauck, F., Klaschik, E., and Ostgathe, C. Symptom control 

during the last three days of life. European Journal of 

Palliative Care 2000;7:81-84. [Rec#: 50641] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Nazerali N. Counseling the elderly on decision making for 

the end of life. Practical issues for physicians. Can Fam 

Physician 95;41:829-33. [Rec#: 5495] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Neale A. The cultural basis of inadequate care. To provide 

supportive care of the dying, our society must learn to 

live with our mortality. Health Prog 96;77(3):50-1, 70. 

[Rec#: 13991] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Needham DS, Wong IC, Campion PD, and Hull and East 

Riding Pharmacy Developmnet Group. Evaluation of 

the effectiveness of UK community pharmacists' 

interventions in community palliative care. Palliat Med 

2002;16(3):219-25. [Rec#: 5499] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Neff MS. To be or not to be: the decision to withdraw or be 

withdrawn from dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 

99;33(3):601-3; discussion 603-6. [Rec#: 13996] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Neff P, Lyckholm L, and Smith T. Truth or consequences: 

what to do when the patient doesn't want to know. J 

Clin Oncol 2002;20(13):3035-7. Comment in: J Clin 

Oncol. 2002 Nov 1;20(21):4403-4. PMID: 12409343. 

[Rec#: 13997] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Neithercut WD and Chattington P. Routine clinical 

biochemistry tests collected from patients dying in 

hospital. Br J Clin Pract 95;49(5):241-2. [Rec#: 5507] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Nekolaichuk CL and Bruera E. On the nature of hope in 

palliative care. J Palliat Care 98;14(1):36-42. 

[Rec#: 14006] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-177 

Nekolaichuk CL, Bruera E, Spachynski K, MacEachern T, 

Hanson J, and Maguire TO. A comparison of patient 

and proxy symptom assessments in advanced cancer 

patients. Palliat Med 99;13(4):311-23. [Rec#: 5508] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Nekolaichuk CL, Jevne RF, and Maguire TO. Structuring the 

meaning of hope in health and illness. Soc Sci Med 

99;48(5):591-605. [Rec#: 5509] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Nelson JE and Danis M. End-of-life care in the intensive care 

unit: where are we now? Crit Care Med 2001;29(2 

Suppl):N2-9. [Rec#: 5514] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Nelson KA, Walsh D, Behrens C, Zhukovsky DS, Lipnickey 

V, and Brady D. The dying cancer patient. Semin 

Oncol 2000;27(1):84-9. [Rec#: 14015] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Nelson, C. J., Rosenfeld, B. J., Breitbart, W., and Galietta, 

M. Spirituality, religion, and depression in the 

terminally ill. Psychosomatics 2002;43:213-220. 

[Rec#: 50642] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Nelson-Marten P, Braaten J, and English NK. Critical caring. 

Promoting good end-of-life care in the intensive care 

unit. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2001;13(4):577-85. 

[Rec#: 14016] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ness, David E. and Ende, Jack. Denial in the medical 

interview. Recognition and Management. JAMA 

94;272(22):1777-81. [Rec#: 50643] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Neu, S. and Kjellstrand, C. M. Stopping long-term dialysis. 

An empirical study of withdrawal of life-supporting 

treatment. New England Journal of Medicine 

86;314(1):14-20. [Rec#: 50644] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Neubauer BJ and Hamilton CL. Racial differences in 

attitudes toward hospice care. Hosp J 90;6(1):37-48. 

[Rec#: 5525] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Neubecker J. Hospice: a comprehensive program. Health 

Prog 94;75(9):28-31, 40. [Rec#: 5526] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Neuberger J. A healthy view of dying. BMJ 

2003;327(7408):207-8. Erratum in: BMJ. 2003 Aug 

23;327(7412):422. [Rec#: 14025] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Neuberger RJ. Commentary: a "good death" is possible in the 

NHS. BMJ 2003;326(7379):30-4. Comment on: BMJ. 

2003 Jan 4;326(7379):30-4. PMID: 12511460. 

[Rec#: 14026] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Neuenschwander H, Bruera E, and Cavalli F. Matching the 

clinical function and symptom status with the 

expectations of patients with advanced cancer, their 

families, and health care workers. Support Care Cancer 

97;5(3):252-6. [Rec#: 5529] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Neumann PJ, Kuntz KM, Leon J, Araki SS, Hermann RC, 

Hsu MA, and Weinstein MC. Health utilities in 

Alzheimer's disease: a cross-sectional study of patients 

and caregivers. Med Care 99;37(1):27-32. [Rec#: 5533] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Neumark DE. Providing information about advance 

directives to patients in ambulatory care and their 

families. Oncol Nurs Forum 94;21(4):771-5. 

[Rec#: 5534] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Neville A. Lung cancer. Clin Evid 2002;(7):1369-83. 

Update in: Clin Evid. 2002 Dec;(8):1558-74. PMID: 

12603954. [Rec#: 14028] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

New England Medical Center EPC (Boston MA) for AHRQ. 

Management of Cancer Symptoms: Pain, Depression, 

and Fatigue (Evidence Report/Technology Assessment). 

2002;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50838] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

New Medicare legislation expands hospice benefit. Caring 

2004;23(2):64-5. [Rec#: 5540] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

New report card compares end-of-life care initiatives across 

the country. Qual Lett Healthc Lead 2003;15(1):10-1. 

[Rec#: 14031] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Newbury J and Hatherell CA. Audit on discharging patients 

from community specialist palliative care nursing 

services. Int J Palliat Nurs 2004;10(1):24-31. 

[Rec#: 14033] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Newport DJ and Nemeroff CB. Assessment and treatment of 

depression in the cancer patient. J Psychosom Res 

98;45(3):215-37. [Rec#: 14041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-178 

Ni H, Nauman D, Burgess D, Wise K, Crispell K, and 

Hershberger RE. Factors influencing knowledge of and 

adherence to self-care among patients with heart failure. 

Arch Intern Med 99;159(14):1613-9. [Rec#: 34026] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ni H, Nauman DJ, and Hershberger RE. Analysis of trends 

in hospitalizations for heart failure. J Card Fail 

99;5(2):79-84. [Rec#: 50081] 

In abstract review process 

Ni H, Toy W, Burgess D, Wise K, Nauman DJ, Crispell K, 

and Hershberger RE. Comparative responsiveness of 

Short-Form 12 and Minnesota Living With Heart 

Failure Questionnaire in patients with heart failure. J 

Card Fail 2000;6(2):83-91. [Rec#: 34028] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Nichols J and Riegel B. The contribution of chronic illness to 

acceptance of death in hospitalized patients. Clin Nurs 

Res 2002;11(1):103-15. [Rec#: 14051] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Nichols K. Hospice patient advocacy through complete 

documentation. Home Care Provid 2000;5(3):104-7. 

Comment in: Home Care Provid. 2000 Jun;5(3):84. 

PMID: 10835157. [Rec#: 14052] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Nicholson, A., Davies, A. N., and Reid, C. M. Methadone for 

cancer pain. Cochrane Library 2003;3. [Rec#: 50645] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

NIH (Karen Patrias, editor. Current Bibliographies in 

Medicine on: Symptom Management in Cancer: Pain, 

Depression, and Fatigue. Jan 1990-June 2002. 2002;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50841] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Nixon LL and Roscoe L. How can you improve end-of-life 

decision making? Trustee 99;52(6):suppl 1-4 following 

12. [Rec#: 14067] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Noddings N. Moral obligation or moral support for high-tech 

home care. Hastings Cent Rep 94;24(5 Suppl):S6-10. 

[Rec#: 5585] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Nohria A, Chen YT, Morton DJ, Walsh R, Vlasses PH, and 

Krumholz HM. Quality of care for patients hospitalized 

with heart failure at academic medical centers. Am 

Heart J 99;137(6):1028-34. Comment in: Am Heart J. 

1999 Jun;137(6):987-8. PMID: 10347316. 

[Rec#: 34062] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Nohria A, Lewis E, and Stevenson LW. Medical 

management of advanced heart failure. JAMA 

2002;287(5):628-40. Comment in: JAMA. 2002 May 

1;287(17):2209-10; author reply 2210. PMID: 

11980514. Comment in: JAMA. 2002 May 

1;287(17):2209; author reply 2210. PMID: 11980512. 

[Rec#: 14072] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Nolan MT and Bruder M. Patients' attitudes toward advance 

directives and end-of-life treatment decisions. Nurs 

Outlook 97;45(5):204-8. [Rec#: 5588] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Norberg A and Asplund K. Caregivers' experience of caring 

for severely demented patients. West J Nurs Res 

90;12(1):75-84. [Rec#: 5599] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Norbergh KG, Asplund K, Rassmussen BH, Nordahl G, and 

Sandman PO. How patients with dementia spend their 

time in a psycho-geriatric unit. Scand J Caring Sci 

2001;15(3):215-21. [Rec#: 34073] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Norbergh KG, Hellzen O, Sandman PO, and Asplun K. The 

relationship between organizational climate and the 

content of daily life for people with dementia living in a 

group-dwelling. J Clin Nurs 2002;11(2):237-46. 

[Rec#: 34074] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Nordgren L and Olsson H. Palliative care in a coronary care 

unit: a qualitative study of physicians' and nurses' 

perceptions. J Clin Nurs 2004;13(2):185-93. 

[Rec#: 14079] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Norlander L and McSteen K. The kitchen table discussion: a 

creative way to discuss end-of-life issues. Home 

Healthc Nurse 2000;18(8):532-9; quiz 539-40. 

[Rec#: 5608] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Norman A, Sisler J, Hack T, and Harlos M. Family 

physicians and cancer care. Palliative care patients' 

perspectives. Can Fam Physician 2001;47:2009-12, 

2015-6. [Rec#: 5609] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Northouse, L. L., Mood, D., Templin, T., Mellon, S., and 

George, T. Couples' patterns of adjustment to colon 

cancer. Social Science & Medicine 2000;50(2):271-84. 

[Rec#: 50647] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-179 

Norton SA and Bowers BJ. Working toward consensus: 

providers' strategies to shift patients from curative to 

palliative treatment choices. Res Nurs Health 

2001;24(4):258-69. Comment in: Evid Based Nurs. 

2002 Apr;5(2):64. PMID: 11995667. [Rec#: 14082] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Norton, S. A. and Talerico, K. A. Facilitating end-of-life 

decision-making: strategies for communicating and 

assessing. J Gerontol Nurs 2000;26(9):6-13. 

[Rec#: 50908] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Norton, S. A., Tilden, V. P., Tolle, S. W., Nelson, C. A., and 

Eggman, S. T. Life support withdrawal: communication 

and conflict. Am J Crit Care 2003;12(6):548-55. 

[Rec#: 50909] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Norum J, Risberg T, and Solberg E. Faith among patients 

with advanced cancer. A pilot study on patients offered 

"no more than" palliation. Support Care Cancer 

2000;8(2):110-4. [Rec#: 5620] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Norwood M. Home care of the terminally ill. Am J Hosp 

Pharm 90;47(8 Suppl):S23-6. [Rec#: 14083] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Novak B, Kolcaba K, Steiner R, and Dowd T. Measuring 

comfort in caregivers and patients during late 

end-of-life care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(3):170-80. [Rec#: 14085] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Nunez Olarte, J. M. and Guillen, D. G. Cultural issues and 

ethical dilemmas in palliative and end-of-life care in 

Spain. Cancer Control 2001;8(1):46-54. [Rec#: 50648] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Nurses tip sheet on. Advance medical directives. Tex Nurs 

92;66(4):9. [Rec#: 14096] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Nyman DJ and Sprung CL. End-of-life decision making in 

the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 

2000;26(10):1414-20. [Rec#: 14103] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

O'Boyle CA and Waldron D. Quality of life issues in 

palliative medicine. J Neurol 97;244 Suppl 4:S18-25. 

[Rec#: 14106] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

O'Brien K. Palliative care. Collegian 2000;7(2):42. 

[Rec#: 14107] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

O'Callaghan C. Bringing music to life: a study of music 

therapy and palliative care experiences in a cancer 

hospital. J Palliat Care 2001;17(3):155-60. 

[Rec#: 5638] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

O'Connell, B., Kristjanson, L., and Orb, A. Models of 

integrated cancer care: a critique of the literature. 

Australian Health Review 2000;23(1):163-78. 

[Rec#: 50650] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

O'Connor DW, Pollitt PA, and Roth M. Coexisting 

depression and dementia in a community survey of the 

elderly. Int Psychogeriatr 90;2(1):45-53. [Rec#: 34100] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Oddone EZ, Weinberger M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Landsman P, 

and Henderson W. Enhanced access to primary care for 

patients with congestive heart failure. Veterans Affairs 

Cooperative Study Group on Primary Care and Hospital 

Readmission. Eff Clin Pract 99;2(5):201-9. 

[Rec#: 34116] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Odling G, Danielson E, Christensen SB, and Norberg A. 

Living with breast cancer: care givers' perceptions in a 

surgical ward. Cancer Nurs 98;21(3):187-95. 

[Rec#: 5672] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Odom SR, Barone JE, Docimo S, Bull SM, and Jorgensson 

D. Emergency department visits by demented patients 

with malfunctioning feeding tubes. Surg Endosc 

2003;17(4):651-3. [Rec#: 50083] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

O'Donnell DE, Aaron S, Bourbeau J, Hernandez P, 

Marciniuk D, Balter M, Ford G, Gervais A, Goldstein 

R, Hodder R, Maltais F, Road J, and Canadian Thoracic 

Society. Canadian Thoracic Society recommendations 

for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary 

disease--2003. Can Respir J 2003;10 Suppl 

A:11A-65A. [Rec#: 14123] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

O'Donovan S. Reflections on breaking news of a family 

death. Nurs Times 99;95(45):54-5. [Rec#: 14127] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

O'Driscoll M, Corner J, and Bailey C. The experience of 

breathlessness in lung cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

99;8(1):37-43. [Rec#: 34102] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-180 

Oechsner M, Moller AA, and Zaudig M. Cognitive 

impairment, dementia and psychosocial functioning in 

human immunodeficiency virus infection. A prospective 

study based on DSM-III-R and ICD-10. Acta Psychiatr 

Scand 93;87(1):13-7. [Rec#: 34120] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ogle K, Mavis B, and Wang T. Hospice and primary care 

physicians: attitudes, knowledge, and barriers. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(1):41-51. Comment in: Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care. 2003 May-Jun;20(3):173-4. PMID: 

12785037. [Rec#: 5678] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ogle KS, Mavis B, and Wyatt GK. Physicians and hospice 

care: attitudes, knowledge, and referrals. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(1):85-92. [Rec#: 5679] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

O'Gorman ML. Spiritual care at the end of life. Crit Care 

Nurs Clin North Am 2002;14(2):171-6, viii. 

[Rec#: 14130] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

O'Gorman SM. Death and dying in contemporary society: an 

evaluation of current attitudes and the rituals associated 

with death and dying and their relevance to recent 

understandings of health and healing. J Adv Nurs 

98;27(6):1127-35. [Rec#: 14131] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

O'Hara PA, Harper DW, Chartrand LD, and Johnston SF. 

Patient death in a long-term care hospital. A study of the 

effect on nursing staff. J Gerontol Nurs 96;22(8):27-35. 

[Rec#: 5653] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ohldin A. Observations from a home-based congestive heart 

failure intervention. Home Care Provid 

2001;6(6):212-7. [Rec#: 34129] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Oka RK, De Marco T, Haskell WL, Botvinick E, Dae MW, 

Bolen K, and Chatterjee K. Impact of a home-based 

walking and resistance training program on quality of 

life in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 

2000;85(3):365-9. [Rec#: 34133] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Oka RK, DeMarco T, and Haskell WL. Perceptions of 

physical fitness in patients with heart failure. Prog 

Cardiovasc Nurs 99;14(3):97-102. [Rec#: 34134] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

O'Keeffe ST, Noel J, and Lavan JN. Cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation preferences in the elderly. Eur J Med 

93;2(1):33-5. [Rec#: 5655] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Olt GJ. Managing pain and psychological issues in palliative 

care. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 

2001;15(2):235-51. [Rec#: 14186] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Olver IN, Eliott JA, and Blake-Mortimer J. Cancer patients' 

perceptions of do not resuscitate orders. 

Psychooncology 2002;11(3):181-7. [Rec#: 5735] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Olweny CL. Effective communication with cancer patients. 

The use of analogies--a suggested approach. Ann N Y 

Acad Sci 97;809:179-87. [Rec#: 14190] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

O'Mahony S, Coyle N, and Payne R. Multidisciplinary care 

of the terminally ill patient. Surg Clin North Am 

2000;80(2):729-45, xi. [Rec#: 14133] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

O'Mahony S, McHugh M, Zallman L, and Selwyn P. 

Ventilator withdrawal: procedures and outcomes. 

Report of a collaboration between a critical care 

division and a palliative care service. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2003;26(4):954-61. [Rec#: 5659] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

O'Malley S. Care of the dying: can we do better? Qual Lett 

Healthc Lead 96;8(7):2-11. [Rec#: 14134] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

OMara AM and Arenella C. Minority representation, 

prevalence of symptoms, and utilization of services in a 

large metropolitan hospice. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;21(4):290-7. [Rec#: 5738] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Onega LL and Abraham IL. Factor structure of the Dementia 

Mood Assessment Scale in a cohort of 

community-dwelling elderly. Int Psychogeriatr 

97;9(4):449-57. [Rec#: 34168] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

O'Neill B and Rodway A. ABC of palliative care. Care in the 

community. BMJ 98;316(7128):373-7. [Rec#: 14137] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

O'Neill J. A peaceful death. BMJ 99;319(7205):327. 

[Rec#: 14138] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

O'Neill MT. Caring at the end of life. J Health Care 

Chaplain 92;4(1-2):103-9. [Rec#: 14142] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

O'Neill, J. and Marconi, K. Underserved populations, 

resource-poor settings, and HIV: innovative palliative 

care projects. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2003;6(3):457-459. [Rec#: 50651] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-181 

O'Neill, J. F., Selwyn, P. A., Schietinger, H. A Clinical 

Guide to Supportive & Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS. 

2003;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50652] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Oneschuk, D., Fennell, L., Hanson, J., and Bruera, E. The 

use of complementary medications by cancer patients 

attending an outpatient pain and symptom clinic. 

Journal of Palliative Care 98;14(4):21-6. [Rec#: 50653] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Opie, J., Rosewarne, R., and O'Connor, D. W. The efficacy 

of psychosocial approaches to behaviour disorders in 

dementia: a systematic literature review. Aust N Z J 

Psychiatry 99;33(6):789-99. [Rec#: 50144] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

O'Rourke KD. Withdrawal of life support: mistaken 

assumptions. Health Prog 96;77(6):60-1, 65. 

[Rec#: 14144] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Osborne C. The ABCs of bereavement volunteers: acquire, 

build, cherish. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 99;16(1):380-5. 

[Rec#: 14212] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Osoba D. Health-related quality-of-life assessment in clinical 

trials of supportive care in oncology. Support Care 

Cancer 2000;8(2):84-8. [Rec#: 14215] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Osoba D. Rationale for the timing of health-related 

quality-of-life (HQL) assessments in oncological 

palliative therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 96;22 Suppl 

A:69-73. [Rec#: 14216] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ostermann, M. E., Keenan, S. P., Seiferling, R. A., and 

Sibbald, W. J. Sedation in the intensive care unit: a 

systematic review. JAMA 2000;283(11):1451-9. 

[Rec#: 50655] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Owens MR, McConvey GG, Weeks D, and Zeisberg L. A 

pilot program to evaluate pain assessment skills of 

hospice nurses. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2000;17(1):44-8. [Rec#: 5786] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Owens MR, Simmons B, Gibson PS, and Weeks D. A 

longitudinal study of pain in hospice and pre-hospice 

patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001;18(2):124-8. 

[Rec#: 5787] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Ownby RL, Harwood DG, Acevedo A, Barker W, and Duara 

R. Factor structure of the Cornell Scale for Depression 

in Dementia for Anglo and Hispanic patients with 

dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;9(3):217-24. 

[Rec#: 34211] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Oz MC, Gelijns AC, Miller L, Wang C, Nickens P, Arons R, 

Aaronson K, Richenbacher W, van Meter C, Nelson K, 

Weinberg A, Watson J, Rose EA, and Moskowitz AJ. 

Left ventricular assist devices as permanent heart failure 

therapy: the price of progress. Ann Surg 

2003;238(4):577-83; discussion 583-5. [Rec#: 50084] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Pace KB, Sakulkoo S, Hoffart N, and Cobb AK. Barriers to 

successful implementation of a clinical pathway for 

CHF. J Healthc Qual 2002;24(5):32-8. [Rec#: 34212] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Paesmans M. Benefits of chemotherapy for quality of life in 

patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Curr 

Opin Oncol 2002;14(4):389-93. [Rec#: 34216] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Pai CW, Finnegan GK, and Satwicz MJ. The combined 

effect of public profiling and quality improvement 

efforts on heart failure management. Jt Comm J Qual 

Improv 2002;28(11):614-24. [Rec#: 34220] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Paice JA, Muir JC, and Shott S. Palliative care at the end of 

life: comparing quality in diverse settings. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2004;21(1):19-27. [Rec#: 5799] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Palliative Care Australia. Standards for Palliative Care 

Provision - Third Edition. 1999;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50656] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Palliative Care Australia. Standards for Palliative Care 

Provision - Third Edition. 1999;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50657] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Palliative care. Guidelines for good practice and audit 

measures. Report of a Working Group of the Research 

Unit, Royal College of Physicians. J R Coll Physicians 

Lond 91;25(4):325-8. Comment in: J R Coll Physicians 

Lond. 1992 Jan;26(1):112. PMID: 1573577. 

[Rec#: 14261] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Pan CX, Morrison RS, Meier DE, Natale DK, Goldhirsch 

SL, Kralovec P, and Cassel CK. How prevalent are 

hospital-based palliative care programs? Status report 

and future directions. J Palliat Med 2001;4(3):315-24. 

Comment in: J Palliat Med. 2001 Fall;4(3):307-8. 

PMID: 11596540. [Rec#: 14269] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-182 

Pan, C. X., Morrison, R. S., Ness, J., Fugh-Berman, A., and 

Leipzig, R. M. Complementary and alternative medicine 

in the management of pain, dyspnea, and nausea and 

vomiting near the end of life. A systematic review. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 2000;20(5):374-87. 

[Rec#: 50145] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Panel, American College of Chest Physicians Society of 

Critical Care Medicine Consensus. Ethical and moral 

guidelines for the intitiation, continuation, and 

withdrawal of intensive care. Chest 90;97:949-958. 

[Rec#: 50658] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Panico K and Manfredi P. Institutional patterns of 

symptomatic medication in hospitalized patients with 

advanced cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2004;21(2):134-6. [Rec#: 5819] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Pantilat SZ and Billings JA. Prevalence and structure of 

palliative care services in California hospitals. Arch 

Intern Med 2003;163(9):1084-8. [Rec#: 14277] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Parkash R and Burge F. The family's perspective on issues of 

hydration in terminal care. J Palliat Care 97;13(4):23-7. 

[Rec#: 5843] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Parker, S. G., Peet, S. M., McPherson, A., Cannaby, A. M., 

Abrams, K., Baker, R., Wilson, A., Lindesay, J., Parker, 

G., and Jones, D. R. A systematic review of discharge 

arrangements for older people. Health Technol Assess 

2002;6(4):1-183. [Rec#: 50146] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Parker-Oliver D. Hospice experience and perceptions in 

nursing homes. J Palliat Med 2002;5(5):713-20. 

[Rec#: 14294] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Parle, M., Jones, B., and Maguire, P. Maladaptive coping and 

affective disorders among cancer patients. 

Psychological Medicine 96;26(4):735-44. 

[Rec#: 50659] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Parle, M., Maguire, P., and Heaven, C. The development of a 

training model to improve health professionals' skills, 

self-efficacy and outcome expectancies when 

communicating with cancer patients. Social Science & 

Medicine 97;44(2):231-40. [Rec#: 50660] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Parry, C., Coleman, E. A., Smith, J. D., Frank, J., and 

Kramer, A. M. The care transitions intervention: a 

patient-centered approach to ensuring effective transfers 

between sites of geriatric care. Home Health Care 

Services Quarterly 2003;22(3):1-17. [Rec#: 50661] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Pasacreta JV and McCorkle R. Cancer care: impact of 

interventions on caregiver outcomes. Annu Rev Nurs 

Res 2000;18:127-48. [Rec#: 14307] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Passik SD, Whitcomb LA, Kirsh KL, Donaghy K, Theobald 

D, Holtsclaw E, Edgerton S, and Dugan W. A pilot 

study of oncology staff perceptions of palliative care 

and psycho-oncology services in rural and community 

settings in Indiana. J Rural Health 2002;18(1):31-4. 

[Rec#: 14312] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Patnaik A, Doyle C, and Oza AM. Palliative therapy in 

advanced ovarian cancer: balancing patient 

expectations, quality of life and cost. Anticancer Drugs 

98;9(10):869-78. [Rec#: 14326] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Paton L. The Sacred Circle: a conceptual framework for 

spiritual care in hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

96;13(2):52-6. [Rec#: 14327] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Patrick DL, Curtis JR, Engelberg RA, Nielsen E, and 

McCown E. Measuring and improving the quality of 

dying and death. Ann Intern Med 2003;139(5 Pt 

2):410-5. [Rec#: 14329] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Patterson LB and Dorfman LT. Family support for hospice 

caregivers. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2002;19(5):315-23. 

[Rec#: 5886] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Patterson RJ and Spottswood S. The African American 

perspective on end-of-life care. W V Med J 

2002;98(3):126-7. [Rec#: 14333] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Pattison M and Romer AL. Improving Care Through the End 

of Life: launching a primary care clinic-based program. 

J Palliat Med 2001;4(2):249-54. [Rec#: 14334] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Pattison N. Integration of critical care and palliative care at 

end of life. Br J Nurs 2004;13(3):132-6, 138-9. 

[Rec#: 5889] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-183 

Patton M and Mooney D. The nature of care delivered to 

terminally ill cancer patients in the acute care hospital. 

Prog Clin Biol Res 90;339:455-63. [Rec#: 5890] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Paul Diaz L, Pinto Pabon I, Fernandez Lobato R, and Montes 

Lopez C. Palliative treatment of malignant colorectal 

strictures with metallic stents. Cardiovasc Intervent 

Radiol 99;22(1):29-36. [Rec#: 5891] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Paul S and Sneed N. Patient perceptions of quality of life and 

treatment in an outpatient congestive heart failure clinic. 

Congest Heart Fail 2002;8(2):74-6, 77-9. [Rec#: 34290] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Pautex S, Berger A, Chatelain C, Herrmann F, and Zulian 

GB. Symptom assessment in elderly cancer patients 

receiving palliative care. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 

2003;47(3):281-6. [Rec#: 5895] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Pavis H and Wilcock A. Prescribing of drugs for use outside 

their licence in palliative care: survey of specialists in 

the United Kingdom. BMJ 2001;323(7311):484-5. 

[Rec#: 14338] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Payne K. Critical factors for improved end-of-life care. 

Changing the culture of a hospital. QRC Advis 

99;15(6):1-7. [Rec#: 14339] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Payne R, Medina E, and Hampton JW. Quality of life 

concerns in patients with breast cancer: evidence for 

disparity of outcomes and experiences in pain 

management and palliative care among AfricanAmerican women. Cancer 2003;97(1 Suppl):311-7. 

[Rec#: 14341] 

In abstract review process 

Payne S and Relf M. The assessment of need for 

bereavement follow-up in palliative and hospice care. 

Palliat Med 94;8(4):291-7. [Rec#: 14348] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Payne S, Sheldon F, Jarrett N, Large S, Smith P, Davis CL, 

Turner P, and George S. Differences in understanding of 

specialist palliative care amongst service providers and 

commissioners in South London. Palliat Med 

2002;16(5):395-402. [Rec#: 14349] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Payne SA, Dean SJ, and Kalus C. A comparative study of 

death anxiety in hospice and emergency nurses. J Adv 

Nurs 98;28(4):700-6. Comment in: J Adv Nurs. 2001 

Aug;35(3):384-5. PMID: 11489019. [Rec#: 5904] 

In abstract review process 

Payne SA, Langley-Evans A, and Hillier R. Perceptions of a 

'good' death: a comparative study of the views of 

hospice staff and patients. Palliat Med 96;10(4):307-12. 

[Rec#: 14350] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Payne SA. Coping with palliative chemotherapy. J Adv Nurs 

90;15(6):652-8. [Rec#: 5902] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Payne, K., Taylor, R. M., Stocking, C., and Sachs, G. A. 

Physicians' attitudes about the care of patients in the 

persistent vegetative state: a national survey. Annals of 

Internal Medicine 96;125(2):104-10. [Rec#: 50662] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Pearce MJ, Chen J, Silverman GK, Kasl SV, Rosenheck R, 

and Prigerson HG. Religious coping, health, and health 

service use among bereaved adults. Int J Psychiatry 

Med 2002;32(2):179-99. [Rec#: 5908] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Pearson ML, Kahn KL, Harrison ER, Rubenstein LV, Rogers 

WH, Brook RH, and Keeler EB. Differences in quality 

of care for hospitalized elderly men and women. JAMA 

92;268(14):1883-9. [Rec#: 34304] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Pentz RD, Lenzi R, Holmes F, Khan MM, and Verschraegen 

C. Discussion of the do-not-resuscitate order: a pilot 

study of perceptions of patients with refractory cancer. 

Support Care Cancer 2002;10(8):573-8. [Rec#: 5940] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Pepe PE, Swor RA, Ornato JP, Racht EM, Blanton DM, 

Griswell JK, Blackwell T, Dunford J, and Turtle Creek 

Conference II. Resuscitation in the out-of-hospital 

setting: medical futility criteria for on-scene 

pronouncement of death. Prehosp Emerg Care 

2001;5(1):79-87. [Rec#: 5941] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Pepler CJ and Lynch A. Relational messages of control in 

nurse-patient interactions with terminally ill patients 

with AIDS and cancer. J Palliat Care 91;7(1):18-29. 

[Rec#: 5942] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Pereira J, Bruera E, and Quan H. Palliative care on the net: 

an online survey of health care professionals. J Palliat 

Care 2001;17(1):41-5. [Rec#: 5945] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-184 

Pereira J, Bruera E, Macmillan K, and Kavanagh S. 

Palliative cancer patients and their families on the 

Internet: motivation and impact. J Palliat Care 

2000;16(4):13-9. [Rec#: 5944] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Pereira, J. and Bruera, E. Depression with psychomotor 

retardation: diagnostic challenges and the use of 

psychostimulants. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2001;4(1):15-21. [Rec#: 50663] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Pereira, J. and Bruera, E. The Internet as a resource for 

palliative care and hospice: a review and proposals. 

Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

98;16(1):59-68. [Rec#: 50664] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Pereira, J. L. and Bruera, E. D. Comment: opioid-induced 

muscle activity. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 

96;30(9):1042-3. [Rec#: 50667] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Pereira, J. L., Koski, S., Hanson, J., Bruera, E. D., and 

Mackey, J. R. Internet usage among women with breast 

cancer: an exploratory study. Clinical Breast Cancer 

2000;1(2):148-53; discussion 154-5. [Rec#: 50668] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Pereira, J., Macmillan, A., and Bruera, E. Launching a 

palliative care homepage: the Edmonton experience. 

Palliative Medicine 97;11(6):435-43. [Rec#: 50666] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Periyakoil VS and Hallenbeck J. Identifying and managing 

preparatory grief and depression at the end of life. Am 

Fam Physician 2002;65(5):883-90. [Rec#: 5953] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Perkins HS, Cortez JD, and Hazuda HP. Advance care 

planning: does patient gender make a difference? Am J 

Med Sci 2004;327(1):25-32. [Rec#: 5955] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Perrin, J. M. Shayne M. and Bloom S. Home and 

Community Care for Chronically Ill Children. 1993;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50669] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Peruselli C, Marinari M, Brivio B, Castagnini G, Cavana M, 

Centrone G, Magni C, Merlini M, Scaccabarozzi GL, 

and Paci E. Evaluating a home palliative care service: 

development of indicators for a continuous quality 

improvement program. J Palliat Care 97;13(3):34-42. 

[Rec#: 14403] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Pessin H, Rosenfeld B, Burton L, and Breitbart W. The role 

of cognitive impairment in desire for hastened death: a 

study of patients with advanced AIDS. Gen Hosp 

Psychiatry 2003;25(3):194-9. [Rec#: 5974] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Peters J, Large RG, and Elkind G. Follow-up results from a 

randomised controlled trial evaluating in- and outpatient 

pain management programmes. Pain 92;50(1):41-50. 

[Rec#: 14408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Peters, P. G., Ely, J. W., Zweig, S. C., Elder, N. C., and 

Schneider, F. D. Physician willingness to withhold tube 

feeding after Cruzan: an empirical study. Missouri Law 

Review 92;57:831-48. [Rec#: 50670] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Petersen S. Beyond hospice care: a survey of community 

outreach programs. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

92;9(1):15-22. [Rec#: 14411] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Peterson J and Hartman H. A pathway for patients who die 

within a week of hospice admission. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2000;6(1):39-42. [Rec#: 5985] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Petrasch S, Bauer M, Reinacher-Schick A, Sandmann M, 

Kissler M, Kuchler T, Kruskemper G, Dorr T, and 

Schmiegel W. Assessment of satisfaction with the 

communication process during consultation of cancer 

patients with potentially curable disease, cancer patients 

on palliative care, and HIV-positive patients. Wien 

Med Wochenschr 98;148(21):491-9. [Rec#: 5989] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Petrisek, A. C. and Mor, V. Hospice in nursing homes: a 

facility-level analysis of the distribution of hospice 

beneficiaries. Gerontologist 99;39(3):279-90. 

[Rec#: 50671] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Philadelphia Panel evidence-based clinical practice 

guidelines on selected rehabilitation interventions: 

overview and methodology. Phys Ther 

2001;81(10):1629-40. [Rec#: 50110] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Philbin EF and DiSalvo TG. Influence of race and gender on 

care process, resource use, and hospital-based outcomes 

in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 

98;82(1):76-81. [Rec#: 34366] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Philbin EF and DiSalvo TG. Prediction of hospital 

readmission for heart failure: development of a simple 

risk score based on administrative data. J Am Coll 

Cardiol 99;33(6):1560-6. [Rec#: 50086] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-185 

Philbin EF, Rocco TA Jr, Lynch LJ, Rogers VA, and Jenkins 

P. Predictors and determinants of hospital length of stay 

in congestive heart failure in ten community hospitals. J 

Heart Lung Transplant 97;16(5):548-55. [Rec#: 34371] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Phillips CO, Wright SM, Kern DE, Singa RM, Shepperd S, 

and Rubin HR. Comprehensive discharge planning with 

postdischarge support for older patients with congestive 

heart failure: a meta-analysis. JAMA 

2004;291(11):1358-67. [Rec#: 34375] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Phillips CO, Wright SM, Kern DE, Singa RM, Shepperd S, 

and Rubin HR. Comprehensive discharge planning with 

postdischarge support for older patients with congestive 

heart failure: a meta-analysis. JAMA 

2004;291(11):1358-67. [Rec#: 50905] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Phillips DE. Special care dementia units: the nature of 

existing knowledge. Perspectives 96;20(2):9-13. 

[Rec#: 34376] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Phillips RS, Hamel MB, Teno JM, Bellamy P, Broste SK, 

Califf RM, Vidaillet H, Davis RB, Muhlbaier LH, and 

Connors AF Jr. Race, resource use, and survival in 

seriously ill hospitalized adults. The SUPPORT 

Investigators. J Gen Intern Med 96;11(7):387-96. 

[Rec#: 6012] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Phipps EJ, True G, and Murray GF. Community perspectives 

on advance care planning: report from the community 

ethics program. J Cult Divers 2003;10(4):118-23. 

[Rec#: 6016] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Pickett M, Barg FK, and Lynch MP. Development of a 

home-based family caregiver cancer education program. 

Hosp J 2001;15(4):19-40. [Rec#: 14447] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Pickett M. Cultural awareness in the context of terminal 

illness. Cancer Nurs 93;16(2):102-6. [Rec#: 14446] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Pickett, M. Cultural awareness in the context of terminal 

illness. Cancer Nursing 93;16(2):102-6. [Rec#: 50673] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Pierce SF. Improving end-of-life care: gathering suggestions 

from family members. Nurs Forum 99;34(2):5-14. 

[Rec#: 6020] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Piggott M, McGee H, and Feuer D. Has CONSORT 

improved the reporting of randomized controlled trials 

in the palliative care literature? A systematic review. 

Palliat Med 2004;18(1):32-8. [Rec#: 14457] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Pillon LR and Joannides G. An 11-year evaluation of a 

Living With Cancer program. Oncol Nurs Forum 

91;18(4):707-11. [Rec#: 6030] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Pincombe J and Tooth B. Carers of the terminally ill: an 

Australian study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

96;13(4):44-55. [Rec#: 6035] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Pincombe J, Brown M, and McCutcheon H. No time for 

dying: a study of the care of dying patients in two acute 

care Australian hospitals. J Palliat Care 

2003;19(2):77-86. [Rec#: 6034] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Pinderhughes, S. T. and Morrison, R. S. Evidence-based 

approach to management of fever in patients with 

end-stage dementia. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2003;6(3):351-354. [Rec#: 50674] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Piper WE, Ogrodniczuk JS, Joyce AS, McCallum M, and 

Rosie JS. Relationships among affect, work, and 

outcome in group therapy for patients with complicated 

grief. Am J Psychother 2002;56(3):347-61. 

[Rec#: 6044] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Pitceathly, C. and Maguire, P. The psychological impact of 

cancer on patients' partners and other key relatives: a 

review. European Journal of Cancer 

2003;39(11):1517-24. [Rec#: 50675] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Plataniotis GA, Kouvaris JR, Dardoufas C, Kouloulias V, 

Theofanopoulou MA, and Vlahos L. A short 

radiotherapy course for locally advanced non-small cell 

lung cancer (NSCLC): effective palliation and patients' 

convenience. Lung Cancer 2002;35(2):203-7. 

[Rec#: 6055] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Plotkin K and Roche J. The future of home and hospice care. 

Linking interventions to outcomes. Home Healthc 

Nurse 2000;18(7):442-9; quiz 450. [Rec#: 14485] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Plunkett TA, Chrystal KF, and Harper PG. Quality of life 

and the treatment of advanced lung cancer. Clin Lung 

Cancer 2003;5(1):28-32. [Rec#: 14491] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-186 

Pohjasvaara T, Ylikoski R, Leskela M, Kalska H, Hietanen 

M, Kaste M, and Erkinjuntti T. Evaluation of various 

methods of assessing symptoms of cognitive 

impairment and dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 

2001;15(4):184-93. [Rec#: 34422] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Poirier N. Comparison of CMA joint statement on 

resuscitative interventions and New Brunswick hospital 

corporations' policies on end-of-life treatments. J 

Palliat Care 2000;16(1):15-22. Comment in: J Palliat 

Care. 2000 Autumn;16(3):55-7. PMID: 11019508. 

[Rec#: 14495] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Polanczyk CA, Newton C, Dec GW, and Di Salvo TG. 

Quality of care and hospital readmission in congestive 

heart failure: an explicit review process. J Card Fail 

2001;7(4):289-98. Comment in: J Card Fail. 2001 

Dec;7(4):299-301. PMID: 11782851. [Rec#: 34431] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Polednak AP and Shevchenko IP. Hospital charges for 

terminal care of cancer patients dying before age 65. J 

Health Care Finance 98;25(1):26-34. [Rec#: 6067] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Pooler J, McCrory F, Steadman Y, Westwell H, and Peers S. 

Dying at home: a care pathway for the last days of life 

in a community setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2003;9(6):258-64. [Rec#: 14513] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Poppel, D. M., Cohen, L. M., and Germain, M. The renal 

palliative care initiative. Journal of Palliative Care 

2003;6(2):321-326. [Rec#: 50676] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Porchet-Munro S. Music therapy perspectives in palliative 

care education. J Palliat Care 93;9(4):39-42. 

[Rec#: 14518] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Porock D, Kristjanson LJ, Tinnelly K, Duke T, and Blight J. 

An exercise intervention for advanced cancer patients 

experiencing fatigue: a pilot study. J Palliat Care 

2000;16(3):30-6. [Rec#: 6082] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Porock D, Martin K, Oldham L, and Underwood R. 

Relocation stress syndrome: the case of palliative care 

patients. Palliat Med 97;11(6):444-50. [Rec#: 14519] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Porta M, Busquet X, and Jariod M. Attitudes and views of 

physicians and nurses towards cancer patients dying at 

home. Palliat Med 97;11(2):116-26. [Rec#: 6084] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Portenoy RK and Coyle N. Controversies in the long-term 

management of analgesic therapy in patients with 

advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 

90;5(5):307-19. [Rec#: 14522] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Portenoy, R. K. Opioid therapy for chronic nonmalignant 

pain: clinician's perspective. Journal of Law, Medicine 

& Ethics 96;24(4):296-309. [Rec#: 50677] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Portenoy, R. K. Pharmacologic management of cancer pain. 

Seminars in Oncology 95;22(2 Suppl 3):112-20. 

[Rec#: 50678] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Portnow, J., Lim, C., and Grossman, S. A. Assessment of 

pain caused by invasive procedures in cancer patients. 

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 

2003;1(3):435-439. [Rec#: 50680] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Porzsolt F, Wirth A, Mayer-Steinacker R, Schulte M, Negri 

G, Suhr P, Link KH, Gaus W, and Rottinger EM. 

Quality assurance by specification and achievement of 

goals in palliative cancer treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 

96;22 Suppl A:41-9. [Rec#: 6091] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Poses RM, Smith WR, McClish DK, Huber EC, Clemo FL, 

Schmitt BP, Alexander-Forti D, Racht EM, Colenda CC 

3rd, and Centor RM. Physicians' survival predictions for 

patients with acute congestive heart failure. Arch Intern 

Med 97;157(9):1001-7. [Rec#: 34458] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Position of The American Dietetic Association: issues in 

feeding the terminally ill adult. J Am Diet Assoc 

92;92(8):996-1002, 1005. [Rec#: 6093] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Post SG. Tube feeding and advanced progressive dementia. 

Hastings Cent Rep 2001;31(1):36-42. [Rec#: 6096] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Potocky M. Effective services for bereaved spouses: a 

content analysis of the empirical literature. Health Soc 

Work 93;18(4):288-301. [Rec#: 6100] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Potter J. Fatigue experience in advanced cancer: a 

phenomenological approach. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2004;10(1):15-23. [Rec#: 6101] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Powe BD. Cancer fatalism among elderly Caucasians and 

African Americans. Oncol Nurs Forum 

95;22(9):1355-9. [Rec#: 6112] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-187 

Pozehl B, Duncan K, Krueger S, and VerMaas P. Adjunctive 

effects of exercise training in heart failure patients 

receiving maximum pharmacologic therapy. Prog 

Cardiovasc Nurs 2003;18(4):177-83. [Rec#: 34477] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Preece J. Introducing abdominal massage in palliative care 

for the relief of constipation. Complement Ther Nurs 

Midwifery 2002;8(2):101-5. [Rec#: 14560] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Prendergast TJ. Futility and the common cold. How requests 

for antibiotics can illuminate care at the end of life. 

Chest 95;107(3):836-44. [Rec#: 14563] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Prendergast, T. J. and Luce, J. M. Increasing incidence of 

withholding and withdrawal of life support from the 

critically ill. American Journal of Respiratory & 

Critical Care Medicine 97;155(1):15-20. [Rec#: 50681] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Prendergast, T. J. and Puntillo, K. A. Withdrawal of life 

support: intensive caring at the end of life. JAMA 

2002;288(21):2732-40. [Rec#: 50682] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Pressley JC, Trott C, Tang M, Durkin M, and Stern Y. 

Dementia in community-dwelling elderly patients: A 

comparison of survey data, medicare claims, cognitive 

screening, reported symptoms, and activity limitations. 

J Clin Epidemiol 2003;56(9):896-905. [Rec#: 34490] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Prigerson HG, Bierhals AJ, Kasl SV, Reynolds CF 3rd, 

Shear MK, Newsom JT, and Jacobs S. Complicated 

grief as a disorder distinct from bereavement-related 

depression and anxiety: a replication study. Am J 

Psychiatry 96;153(11):1484-6. [Rec#: 6141] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Prigerson HG, Frank E, Kasl SV, Reynolds CF 3rd, 

Anderson B, Zubenko GS, Houck PR, George CJ, and 

Kupfer DJ. Complicated grief and bereavement-related 

depression as distinct disorders: preliminary empirical 

validation in elderly bereaved spouses. Am J Psychiatry 

95;152(1):22-30. [Rec#: 6144] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Prigerson HG. Determinants of hospice utilization among 

terminally ill geriatric patients. Home Health Care Serv 

Q 91;12(4):81-112. [Rec#: 6139] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Proctor EK, Morrow-Howell N, Chadiha L, Braverman AC, 

Darkwa O, and Dore P. Physical and cognitive 

functioning among chronically ill African-American 

and white elderly in home care following hospital 

discharge. Med Care 97;35(8):782-91. [Rec#: 34506] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Proctor EK, Morrow-Howell N, Li H, and Dore P. Adequacy 

of home care and hospital readmission for elderly 

congestive heart failure patients. Health Soc Work 

2000;25(2):87-96. Erratum in: Health Soc Work 2000 

Aug;25(3):168. [Rec#: 50087] 

In abstract review process 

Prodger N, Hurley J, Clarke C, and Bauer D. Queen 

Elizabeth Behavioural Assessment Graphical System. 

Aust J Adv Nurs 92;9(3):4-11. [Rec#: 34507] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Pronovost P and Angus DC. Economics of end-of-life care in 

the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2001;29(2 

Suppl):N46-51. [Rec#: 14586] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Proot IM, Abu-Saad HH, Crebolder HF, Goldsteen M, Luker 

KA, and Widdershoven GA. Vulnerability of family 

caregivers in terminal palliative care at home; balancing 

between burden and capacity. Scand J Caring Sci 

2003;17(2):113-21. [Rec#: 6165] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Proot IM, Abu-Saad HH, ter Meulen RH, Goldsteen M, 

Spreeuwenberg C, and Widdershoven GA. The needs of 

terminally ill patients at home: directing one's life, 

health and things related to beloved others. Palliat Med 

2004;18(1):53-61. [Rec#: 6166] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ptacek JT and Ellison NM. Health care providers' 

perspectives on breaking bad news to patients. Crit 

Care Nurs Q 2000;23(2):51-9. [Rec#: 6172] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Puchalski CM. Spirituality and end-of-life care: a time for 

listening and caring. J Palliat Med 2002;5(2):289-94. 

[Rec#: 6173] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Puchalski, C. M. and Romer, A. L. Taking a spiritual history 

allows clinicians to understand patients more fully. 

Journal of Palliative Medicine 2000;3:129-137. 

[Rec#: 50683] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Pugh EM. An investigation of general practitioner referrals 

to palliative care services. Palliat Med 96;10(3):251-7. 

[Rec#: 14591] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Puntillo, K. A., Benner, P., and Drought, T. End of life issues 

in intensive care units: A national random survey of 

nurses' knowledge and beliefs. American Journal of 

Critical Care 2001;10(4):216-229. [Rec#: 50684] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-188 

Pusey, H. and Richards, D. A systematic review of the 

effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for carers of 

people with dementia. Aging Ment Health 

2001;5(2):107-19. [Rec#: 50147] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

QI project improves patient outcomes. Hosp Peer Rev 

2002;27(6):77-8. [Rec#: 34528] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Quan KH, Vigano A, and Fainsinger RL. Evaluation of a 

data collection tool (TELEform) for palliative care 

research. J Palliat Med 2003;6(3):401-8. [Rec#: 14606] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Quddus AM, Kerr GR, Price A, and Gregor A. Long-term 

survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer 

treated with palliative radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll 

Radiol) 2001;13(2):95-8. Comment in: Clin Oncol (R 

Coll Radiol). 2001;13(3):202-3. PMID: 11527296. 

[Rec#: 6190] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Quigley, C., Joel, S., Patel, N., Baksh, A., and Slevin, M. A 

phase I/II study of nebulized morphine-6-glucuronide in 

patients with cancer-related breathlessness. Journal of 

Pain & Symptom Management 2002;23:7-9. 

[Rec#: 50685] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Quill TE, Barold SS, and Sussman BL. Discontinuing an 

implantable cardioverter defibrillator as a life-sustaining 

treatment. Am J Cardiol 94;74(2):205-7. Comment in: 

Am J Cardiol. 1995 Mar 1;75(7):553. PMID: 7864019. 

[Rec#: 6196] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Quill, T. E. and Brody, H. Physician recommendations and 

patient autonomy: finding a balance between physician 

power and patient choice. Annals of Internal Medicine 

96;125(9):763-9. [Rec#: 50687] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Quill, T. E. and Cassel, C. K. Nonabandonment: a central 

obligation for physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine 

95;122(5):368-74. [Rec#: 50688] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Quinn DC. Proving the effectiveness of community programs 

in jeopardy: the role of formative evaluation. Qual 

Manag Health Care 2001;9(4):33-46. [Rec#: 34543] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Quittan M, Sturm B, Wiesinger GF, Pacher R, and 

Fialka-Moser V. Quality of life in patients with chronic 

heart failure: a randomized controlled trial of changes 

induced by a regular exercise program. Scand J Rehabil 

Med 99;31(4):223-8. [Rec#: 34547] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rabady S. Influence of gender on the provision of palliative 

care. Eur J Gen Pract 2003;9(3):101-2. [Rec#: 14622] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rabey JM, Neufeld MY, Treves TA, Sifris P, and Korczyn 

AD. Cognitive effects of scopolamine in dementia. J 

Neural Transm Gen Sect 96;103(7):873-81. 

[Rec#: 34554] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Rabow MW, Petersen JJ, and Schanche K. Volunteer patient 

advocacy: an interdisciplinary course on attending to 

patients at the end of life. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(5):754-5. [Rec#: 14625] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Rabow MW, Schanche K, Petersen J, Dibble SL, and 

McPhee SJ. Patient perceptions of an outpatient 

palliative care intervention: "It had been on my mind 

before, but I did not know how to start talking about 

death...". J Pain Symptom Manage 2003;26(5):1010-5. 

[Rec#: 6212] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Radbruch L, Nauck F, Ostgathe C, Elsner F, Bausewein C, 

Fuchs M, Lindena G, Neuwohner K, and Schulenberg 

D. What are the problems in palliative care? Results 

from a representative survey. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(7):442-51. [Rec#: 14627] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Radzewitz A, Miche E, Herrmann G, Nowak M, Montanus 

U, Adam U, Stockmann Y, and Barth M. Exercise and 

muscle strength training and their effect on quality of 

life in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart 

Fail 2002;4(5):627-34. [Rec#: 34563] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rainville EC. Impact of pharmacist interventions on hospital 

readmissions for heart failure. Am J Health Syst Pharm 

99;56(13):1339-42. [Rec#: 34575] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Randall-David E, Wright J, Porterfield DS, and Lesser G. 

Barriers to cancer pain management: home-health and 

hospice nurses and patients. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(10):660-5. [Rec#: 6247] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Ransford HE and Smith ML. Grief resolution among the 

bereaved in hospice and hospital wards. Soc Sci Med 

91;32(3):295-304. [Rec#: 14655] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Ranson MR, White S, and Thatcher N. Management of 

elderly patients with lung cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 

2000;2(1):90-5. [Rec#: 34590] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-189 

Raphaely D. Informed consent near death: myth and 

actuality. Fam Syst Med 91;9(4):343-70. [Rec#: 14658] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rasmussen BH and Sandman PO. How patients spend their 

time in a hospice and in an oncological unit. J Adv 

Nurs 98;28(4):818-28. [Rec#: 6269] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Rasmussen BH, Jansson L, and Norberg A. Striving for 

becoming at-home in the midst of dying. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2000;17(1):31-43. [Rec#: 6267] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Rathore SS, Foody JM, Wang Y, Smith GL, Herrin J, 

Masoudi FA, Wolfe P, Havranek EP, Ordin DL, and 

Krumholz HM. Race, quality of care, and outcomes of 

elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure. JAMA 

2003;289(19):2517-24. Comment in: JAMA. 2003 Sep 

10;290(10):1316; author reply 1316-7. PMID: 

12966121. [Rec#: 34605] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Raudonis BM and Kirschling JM. Family caregivers' 

perspectives on hospice nursing care. J Palliat Care 

96;12(2):14-9. [Rec#: 14670] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Raudonis BM. The meaning and impact of empathic 

relationships in hospice nursing. Cancer Nurs 

93;16(4):304-9. [Rec#: 6282] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Ravenscroft, A. J. and Bell, M. D. 'End-of-life' decision 

making within intensive care--objective, consistent, 

defensible? Journal of Medical Ethics 

2000;26(6):435-40. [Rec#: 50690] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Raynes NV, Leach J, Rawlings B, and Bryson RJ. Palliative 

care services: views of terminally ill patients. Palliat 

Med 2000;14(2):159-60. [Rec#: 6296] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Raynes NV, Leach JM, Rawlings B, and Bryson RJ. Using 

focus groups to seek the views of patients dying from 

cancer about the care they receive. Health Expect 

2000;3(3):169-175. [Rec#: 6297] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Razavi, D., Merckaert, I., Marchal, S., Libert, Y., Conradt, 

S., Boniver, J., Etienne, A. M., Fontaine, O., Janne, P., 

Klastersky, J., Reynaert, C., Scalliet, P., Slachmuylder, 

J. L., and Delvaux, N. How to optimize physicians' 

communication skills in cancer care: results of a 

randomized study assessing the usefulness of 

posttraining consolidation workshops. Journal of 

Clinical Oncology 2003;21(16):3141-9. [Rec#: 50691] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Readmission analysis leads to heart failure intervention that 

cuts returns to hospital. Data Strateg Benchmarks 

2000;4(4):53-4. [Rec#: 50088] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rector TS, Johnson G, Dunkman WB, Daniels G, Farrell L, 

Henrick A, Smith B, and Cohn JN. Evaluation by 

patients with heart failure of the effects of enalapril 

compared with hydralazine plus isosorbide dinitrate on 

quality of life. V-HeFT II. The V-HeFT VA 

Cooperative Studies Group. Circulation 93;87(6 

Suppl):VI71-7. [Rec#: 34621] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rector TS. Effect of ACE inhibitors on the quality of life of 

patients with heart failure. Coron Artery Dis 

95;6(4):310-4. [Rec#: 34618] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rector TS. Outcome assessment: functional status measures 

as therapeutic endpoints for heart failure. Top Hosp 

Pharm Manage 90;10(2):37-43. [Rec#: 34619] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Redd, W. H., Montgomery, G. H., and DuHamel, K. N. 

Behavioral intervention for cancer treatment side 

effects. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93(11):810-23. 

[Rec#: 50148] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Reddy P and Dunn AB. The effect of beta-blockers on 

health-related quality of life in patients with heart 

failure. Pharmacotherapy 2000;20(6):679-89. 

[Rec#: 34625] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Redfield MM. The Breathing Not Proper trial: enough 

evidence to change heart failure guidelines? J Card Fail 

2002;8(3):120-3. [Rec#: 34626] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Reed PG. Preferences for spiritually related nursing 

interventions among terminally ill and nonterminally ill 

hospitalized adults and well adults. Appl Nurs Res 

91;4(3):122-8. [Rec#: 6319] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Rees WD. Opioid needs of terminal care patients: variations 

with age and primary site. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 

90;2(2):79-83. [Rec#: 6324] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Reese D, Raymer M, Richardson J. National hospice social 

work survery: Summary of final results. 2000;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50692] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Reese DJ and Brown DR. Psychosocial and spiritual care in 

hospice: differences between nursing, social work, and 

clergy. Hosp J 97;12(1):29-41. [Rec#: 14705] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-190 

Reese DJ, Ahern RE, Nair S, O'Faire JD, and Warren C. 

Hospice access and use by African Americans: 

addressing cultural and institutional barriers through 

participatory action research. Soc Work 

99;44(6):549-59. [Rec#: 14704] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Reese R and Rosenfeld-Bernstein R. Hospice in a managed 

care environment: an integrated team approach. Health 

Care Innov 95;5(2):35-40. [Rec#: 6327] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Reeves, R. R. and Reynolds, M. Spirituality and end-of-life 

care. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 

2002;102(2):67. [Rec#: 50693] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Regan J, Yarnold J, Jones PW, and Cooke NT. Palliation and 

life quality in lung cancer; how good are clinicians at 

judging treatment outcome? Br J Cancer 

91;64(2):396-400. [Rec#: 34629] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Reid, C. M., Davies, A. N., and Hanks, G. W. Oxycodone for 

cancer-related pain. The Cochrane Library 2003;3. 

[Rec#: 50694] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Reilly RB, Teasdale TA, and McCullough LB. Projecting 

patients' preferences from living wills: an invalid 

strategy for management of dementia with 

life-threatening illness. J Am Geriatr Soc 

94;42(9):997-1003. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 

1995 Aug;43(8):938-9. PMID: 7636106. [Rec#: 6345] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Reis SE, Holubkov R, Edmundowicz D, McNamara DM, 

Zell KA, Detre KM, and Feldman AM. Treatment of 

patients admitted to the hospital with congestive heart 

failure: specialty-related disparities in practice patterns 

and outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 97;30(3):733-8. 

[Rec#: 50089] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Reisberg B, Finkel S, Overall J, Schmidt-Gollas N, 

Kanowski S, Lehfeld H, Hulla F, Sclan SG, Wilms HU, 

Heininger K, Hindmarch I, Stemmler M, Poon L, 

Kluger A, Cooler C, Bergener M, Hugonot-Diener L, 

Robert PH, Antipolis S, and Erzigkeit H. The 

Alzheimer's disease activities of daily living 

international scale (ADL-IS). Int Psychogeriatr 

2001;13(2):163-81. [Rec#: 34643] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rempusheski VF and Hurley AC. Advance directives and 

dementia. J Gerontol Nurs 2000;26(10):27-34. 

[Rec#: 6355] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Rhymes JA. Barriers to effective palliative care of terminal 

patients. An international perspective. Clin Geriatr Med 

96;12(2):407-16. [Rec#: 14736] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Riantawan P, Titayanpong A, and Chaisuksuwan R. Survival 

in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer 

receiving supportive care. J Med Assoc Thai 

99;82(4):336-40. [Rec#: 6393] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Ribeiro, M. D. C. and Zeppetella, G. Fentanyl for chronic 

pain. The Cochrane Library 2003;3. [Rec#: 50695] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rice A. Sexuality in cancer and palliative care 1: Effects of 

disease and treatment. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2000;6(8):392-7. [Rec#: 14741] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Rice DP and Fineman N. Economic implications of increased 

longevity in the United States. Annu Rev Public Health 

2004;25:457-73. [Rec#: 6400] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Rich MW, Vinson JM, Sperry JC, Shah AS, Spinner LR, 

Chung MK, and Davila-Roman V. Prevention of 

readmission in elderly patients with congestive heart 

failure: results of a prospective, randomized pilot study. 

J Gen Intern Med 93;8(11):585-90. [Rec#: 50091] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rich MW. Heart failure disease management: a critical 

review. J Card Fail 99;5(1):64-75. [Rec#: 34662] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rich MW. Heart failure in the elderly: strategies to optimize 

outpatient control and reduce hospitalizations. Am J 

Geriatr Cardiol 2003;12(1):19-24; quiz 25-7. 

[Rec#: 50090] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Richards WR, Burgess DE, Petersen FR, and McCarthy DL. 

Genograms: a psychosocial assessment tool for hospice. 

Hosp J 93;9(1):1-12. [Rec#: 14751] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Richards, K. C., Gibson, R., and Overton-McCoy, A. L. 

Effects of massage in acute and critical care. AACN 

Clin Issues 2000;11(1):77-96. [Rec#: 50149] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Richardson A, Lee L, and Birchall M. Learning from patients 

with cancer and their spouses: a focus group study. J 

Laryngol Otol 2002;116(12):1028-35. [Rec#: 14752] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-191 

Richardson J. Health promotion in palliative care: the 

patients' perception of therapeutic interaction with the 

palliative nurse in the primary care setting. J Adv Nurs 

2002;40(4):432-40. [Rec#: 6416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Richardson LG. Psychosocial issues in patients with 

congestive heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 

2003;18(1):19-27. [Rec#: 34670] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Richter J, Eisemann M, and Zgonnikova E. Doctors' 

authoritarianism in end-of-life treatment decisions. A 

comparison between Russia, Sweden and Germany. J 

Med Ethics 2001;27(3):186-91. [Rec#: 6421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Richter JM, Roberto KA, and Bottenberg DJ. 

Communicating with persons with Alzheimer's disease: 

experiences of family and formal caregivers. Arch 

Psychiatr Nurs 95;9(5):279-85. [Rec#: 34672] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rideout E. Chronic heart failure and quality of life: the 

impact of nursing. Can J Cardiovasc Nurs 92;3(1):4-8. 

[Rec#: 34673] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Riedinger MS, Dracup KA, and Brecht ML. Predictors of 

quality of life in women with heart failure. SOLVD 

Investigators. Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. 

J Heart Lung Transplant 2000;19(6):598-608. 

[Rec#: 34676] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Riedinger MS, Dracup KA, Brecht ML, and SOLVD 

Investigatos. Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction. 

Quality of life in women with heart failure, normative 

groups, and patients with other chronic conditions. Am 

J Crit Care 2002;11(3):211-9. [Rec#: 34678] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Riedinger MS, Dracup KA, Brecht ML, Padilla G, Sarna L, 

and Ganz PA. Quality of life in patients with heart 

failure: do gender differences exist? Heart Lung 

2001;30(2):105-16. [Rec#: 34677] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Riegel B, Bennett JA, Davis A, Carlson B, Montague J, 

Robin H, and Glaser D. Cognitive impairment in heart 

failure: issues of measurement and etiology. Am J Crit 

Care 2002;11(6):520-8. [Rec#: 34679] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Riegel B, Moser DK, Carlson B, Deaton C, Armola R, 

Sethares K, Shively M, Evangelista L, and Albert N. 

Gender differences in quality of life are minimal in 

patients with heart failure. J Card Fail 2003;9(1):42-8. 

[Rec#: 34683] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Riegel B, Moser DK, Glaser D, Carlson B, Deaton C, 

Armola R, Sethares K, Shively M, Evangelista L, and 

Albert N. The Minnesota Living With Heart Failure 

Questionnaire: sensitivity to differences and 

responsiveness to intervention intensity in a clinical 

population. Nurs Res 2002;51(4):209-18. Erratum in: 

Nurs Res 2002 Sep-Oct;51(5):291. [Rec#: 34684] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Riegel, B., Naylor, M., Stewart, S., McMurray, J. J., and 

Rich, M. W. Interventions to prevent readmission for 

congestive heart failure. JAMA 2004;291(23):2816; 

author reply 2816-7. [Rec#: 50888] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Riley, G. F., Potosky, A. L., Lubitz, J. D., and Kessler, L. G. 

Medicare payments from diagnosis to death for elderly 

cancer patients by stage at diagnosis. Medical Care 

95;33(8):828-41. [Rec#: 50696] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ringbaek TJ, Viskum K, and Lange P. Non-continuous home 

oxygen therapy: utilization, symptomatic effect and 

prognosis, data from a national register on home oxygen 

therapy. Respir Med 2001;95(12):980-5. [Rec#: 34696] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ringdal GI, Jordhoy MS, and Kaasa S. Measuring quality of 

palliative care: psychometric properties of the 

FAMCARE Scale. Qual Life Res 2003;12(2):167-76. 

[Rec#: 6434] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ringdal GI, Jordhoy MS, Ringdal K, and Kaasa S. Factors 

affecting grief reactions in close family members to 

individuals who have died of cancer. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2001;22(6):1016-26. [Rec#: 6435] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Ringdal GI, Jordhoy MS, Ringdal K, and Kaasa S. The first 

year of grief and bereavement in close family members 

to individuals who have died of cancer. Palliat Med 

2001;15(2):91-105. [Rec#: 6436] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Ripamonti, C. and Bruera, E. Dyspnea: pathophysiology and 

assessment. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

97;13(4):220-32. [Rec#: 50697] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Ripamonti, C. and Bruera, E. Rectal, buccal, and sublingual 

narcotics for the management of cancer pain. Journal of 

Palliative Care 91;7(1):30-5. [Rec#: 50698] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Ripamonti, C. and Fulfaro, F. Pathogenesis and 

pharmacological treatment of bone pain in skeletal 

metastases. Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine 

2001;45(1):65-77. [Rec#: 50700] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-192 

Ripamonti, C. and Fusco, F. Respiratory problems in 

advanced cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer 

2002;10(3):204-16. [Rec#: 50703] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Ripamonti, C., De Conno, F., Groff, L., Belzile, M., Pereira, 

J., Hanson, J., and Bruera, E. Equianalgesic dose/ratio 

between methadone and other opioid agonists in cancer 

pain: comparison of two clinical experiences. Annals of 

Oncology 98;9(1):79-83. [Rec#: 50699] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Ripamonti, C., Fulfaro, F., and Bruera, E. Dyspnoea in 

patients with advanced cancer: incidence, causes and 

treatments. Cancer Treatment Reviews 98;24(1):69-80. 

[Rec#: 50701] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ripamonti, C., Fulfaro, F., Ticozzi, C., Casuccio, A., and De 

Conno, F. Role of pamidronate disodium in the 

treatment of metastatic bone disease. Tumori 

98;84(4):442-55. [Rec#: 50702] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Rittman M, Paige P, Rivera J, Sutphin L, and Godown I. 

Phenomenological study of nurses caring for dying 

patients. Cancer Nurs 97;20(2):115-9. [Rec#: 14773] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Rivera S, Kim D, Garone S, Morgenstern L, and Mohsenifar 

Z. Motivating factors in futile clinical interventions. 

Chest 2001;119(6):1944-7. [Rec#: 6444] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Robbins MA, Jackson P, and Prentice A. Statutory and 

voluntary sector palliative care in the community 

setting: National Health Service professionals' 

perceptions of the interface. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

96;5(2):96-102. [Rec#: 14785] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Robbins, M. Evaluating Palliative Care: Establishing the 

Evidence Base. 1998;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50704] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. ESRD Workgroup Final 

Report Summary on End-of-Life Care: 

recommendations to the field. Nephrol Nurs J 

2003;30(1):59-63. [Rec#: 14787] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Roberts DK, Thorne SE, and Pearson C. The experience of 

dyspnea in late-stage cancer. Patients' and nurses' 

perspectives. Cancer Nurs 93;16(4):310-20. 

[Rec#: 6453] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Roberts J, Browne G, Gafni A, Varieur M, Loney P, and De 

Ruijter M. Specialized continuing are models for 

persons with dementia: a systematic review of the 

research literature. Canadian Journal on Aging 

2000;19(1):106-126. [Rec#: 50853] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Roberts SL, Johnson LH, and Keely B. Fostering hope in the 

elderly congestive heart failure patient in critical care. 

Geriatr Nurs 99;20(4):195-9. [Rec#: 34719] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Roberts, L., Ahmed, I., and Hall, S. Intercessory prayer for 

the alleviation of ill health. Cochrane Database of 

Systematic Reviews 2003;3. [Rec#: 50705] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Roberts, S., Black, C., and Todd, K. The Living with Cancer 

Education Programme. II. Evaluation of an Australian 

education and support programme for cancer patients 

and their family and friends. European Journal of 

Cancer Care 2002;11(4):280-9. [Rec#: 50706] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Robertson GS. Resuscitation and senility: a study of patients' 

opinions. J Med Ethics 93;19(2):104-7. Comment in: J 

Med Ethics. 1994 Mar;20(1):53. PMID: 8035443. 

[Rec#: 6460] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Robinson BE and Pham H. Cost-effectiveness of hospice 

care. Clin Geriatr Med 96;12(2):417-28. [Rec#: 14800] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Robinson EM. Wives' struggle in living through treatment 

decisions for husbands with advanced Alzheimer's 

disease. J Nurs Law 2000;7(1):21-39. [Rec#: 6463] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Robinson L and Stacy R. Palliative care in the community: 

setting practice guidelines for primary care teams. Br J 

Gen Pract 94;44(387):461-4. Comment in: Br J Gen 

Pract. 1995 Jun;45(395):327. PMID: 7619594. 

[Rec#: 14805] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Robinson WR, Morris K, Luck M, and Pruitt B. Hospice 

utilization by male and female cancer patients in an 

end-of-life transition program. J Am Med Womens 

Assoc 2002;57(2):82-4. [Rec#: 6474] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Robinson, K. and Bruera, E. The management of pain in 

patients with advanced cancer: the importance of 

multidimensional assessments. Journal of Palliative 

Care 95;11(4):51-3. [Rec#: 50707] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-193 

Rocha E. Prediction of hospital readmission for heart failure: 

development of a simple risk score based on 

administrative data. Rev Port Cardiol 99;18(9):855-6. 

[Rec#: 50092] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rock W. Interdisciplinary teamwork in palliative care and 

hospice settings. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(5):331-3. [Rec#: 14814] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rocke C and Cherry KE. Death at the end of the 20th 

century: individual processes and developmental tasks 

in old age. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2002;54(4):315-33. 

[Rec#: 6477] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Rocker G and Heyland D. New research initiatives in Canada 

for end-of-life and palliative care. CMAJ 

2003;169(4):300-1. Comment in: CMAJ. 2004 Feb 

3;170(3):319-20; author reply 320. PMID: 14757654. 

[Rec#: 14816] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Rockwood K, Graham JE, Fay S, and ACADIE 

Investigators. Goal setting and attainment in 

Alzheimer's disease patients treated with donepezil. J 

Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73(5):500-7. 

Comment in: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 

Nov;73(5):471-2. PMID: 12397135. [Rec#: 34730] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rockwood K. Delays in the discharge of elderly patients. J 

Clin Epidemiol 90;43(9):971-5. [Rec#: 34728] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Rodgers LS. Meaning of bereavement among older African 

American widows. Geriatr Nurs 2004;25(1):10-6. 

[Rec#: 6481] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Rogatz P, Schwartz F, and Dennis J. A community-based 

hospice program. N Y State J Med 91;91(11):500-2. 

[Rec#: 14825] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rogers A, Addington-Hall JM, McCoy AS, Edmonds PM, 

Abery AJ, Coats AJ, and Gibbs JS. A qualitative study 

of chronic heart failure patients' understanding of their 

symptoms and drug therapy. Eur J Heart Fail 

2002;4(3):283-7. [Rec#: 34750] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rogers A, Karlsen S, and Addington-Hall JM. Dying for 

care: the experiences of terminally ill cancer patients in 

hospital in an inner city health district. Palliat Med 

2000;14(1):53-4. [Rec#: 14827] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rogers AE, Addington-Hall JM, Abery AJ, McCoy AS, 

Bulpitt C, Coats AJ, and Gibbs JS. Knowledge and 

communication difficulties for patients with chronic 

heart failure: qualitative study. BMJ 

2000;321(7261):605-7. [Rec#: 34751] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Rogers MS, Barclay SI, and Todd CJ. Developing the 

Cambridge palliative audit schedule (CAMPAS): a 

palliative care audit for primary health care teams. Br J 

Gen Pract 98;48(430):1224-7. [Rec#: 14829] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Rogers WJ, Johnstone DE, Yusuf S, Weiner DH, Gallagher 

P, Bittner VA, Ahn S, Schron E, Shumaker SA, and 

Sheffield LT. Quality of life among 5,025 patients with 

left ventricular dysfunction randomized between 

placebo and enalapril: the Studies of Left Ventricular 

Dysfunction. The SOLVD Investigators. J Am Coll 

Cardiol 94;23(2):393-400. [Rec#: 34756] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rolland JS. Anticipatory loss: a family systems 

developmental framework. Fam Process 

90;29(3):229-44. [Rec#: 6496] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Romanowski J and Barnes NG. Attributes to consider in the 

marketing of hospice services. Health Mark Q 

94;12(1):37-47. [Rec#: 14836] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ronaldson S and Devery K. The experience of transition to 

palliative care services: perspectives of patients and 

nurses. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(4):171-7. [Rec#: 6501] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Rooda LA, Clements R, and Jordan ML. Nurses' attitudes 

toward death and caring for dying patients. Oncol Nurs 

Forum 99;26(10):1683-7. Comment in: Oncol Nurs 

Forum. 2000 May;27(4):601. PMID: 10833682. 

[Rec#: 6502] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Rose K. How informal carers cope with terminal cancer. 

Nurs Stand 97;11(30):39-42. [Rec#: 6508] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Rose KE. A qualitative analysis of the information needs of 

informal carers of terminally ill cancer patients. J Clin 

Nurs 99;8(1):81-8. [Rec#: 14846] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Rose KE. Perceptions related to time in a qualitative study of 

informal carers of terminally ill cancer patients. J Clin 

Nurs 98;7(4):343-50. [Rec#: 6509] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-194 

Rosen J, Mittal V, Mulsant BH, Degenholtz H, Castle N, and 

Fox D. Educating the families of nursing home 

residents: a pilot study using a computer-based system. 

J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003;4(3):128-34. [Rec#: 34774] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Rosenbaum E, Gautier H, Fobair P, Andrews A, Hawn M, 

Kurshner R, Festa B, Kramer P, Manuel F, Hirschberger 

N, Selim S, and Spiegel D. Developing a free supportive 

care program for cancer patients within an integrative 

medicine clinic. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(5):263-9. [Rec#: 6513] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Rosenblatt L and Block SD. Depression, decision making, 

and the cessation of life-sustaining treatment. West J 

Med 2001;175(5):320-5. [Rec#: 6515] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rosenfeld K and Wenger NS. Measuring quality in 

end-of-life care. Clin Geriatr Med 2000;16(2):387-400. 

[Rec#: 14859] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Rosenfeld KE, Wenger NS, and Kagawa-Singer M. 

End-of-life decision making: a qualitative study of 

elderly individuals. J Gen Intern Med 

2000;15(9):620-5. Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2000 

Sep;15(9):673-4. PMID: 11029683. [Rec#: 6518] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Rosenquist A, Bergman K, and Strang P. Optimizing 

hospital-based home care for dying cancer patients: a 

population-based study. Palliat Med 99;13(5):393-7. 

[Rec#: 6519] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Rosin AJ and Sonnenblick M. Autonomy and paternalism in 

geriatric medicine. The Jewish ethical approach to 

issues of feeding terminally ill patients, and to 

cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Med Ethics 

98;24(1):44-8. [Rec#: 6523] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ross C and Cornbleet M. Attitudes of patients and staff to 

research in a specialist palliative care unit. Palliat Med 

2003;17(6):491-7. [Rec#: 6525] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ross CS, Hamilton J, Macrae G, Docherty C, Gould A, and 

Cornbleet MA. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of 

reflexology on mood and symptom rating of advanced 

cancer patients. Palliat Med 2002;16(6):544-5. 

[Rec#: 6526] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ross LA. Elderly patients' perceptions of their spiritual needs 

and care: a pilot study. J Adv Nurs 97;26(4):710-5. 

[Rec#: 6529] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Ross MM and McDonald B. Providing palliative care to 

older adults: context and challenges. J Palliat Care 

94;10(4):5-10. [Rec#: 6532] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Ross MM, Fisher R, and Maclean MJ. End-of-life care for 

seniors: the development of a national guide. J Palliat 

Care 2000;16(4):47-53. [Rec#: 6531] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rossi Ferrario S, Cardillo V, Vicario F, Balzarini E, and 

Zotti AM. Advanced cancer at home: caregiving and 

bereavement. Palliat Med 2004;18(2):129-36. 

[Rec#: 6537] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Roter DL, Larson S, Fischer GS, Arnold RM, and Tulsky JA. 

Experts practice what they preach: A descriptive study 

of best and normative practices in end-of-life 

discussions. Arch Intern Med 2000;160(22):3477-85. 

[Rec#: 6541] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Roth AJ and Breitbart W. Psychiatric emergencies in 

terminally ill cancer patients. Hematol Oncol Clin 

North Am 96;10(1):235-59. [Rec#: 14876] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Roush CV and Cox JE. The meaning of home: how it shapes 

the practice of home and hospice care. Home Healthc 

Nurse 2000;18(6):388-94. [Rec#: 34800] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Rousseau P. Palliative care in managed Medicare: reasons 

for hope--and for concern. Geriatrics 98;53(11):59-60, 

63-5; quiz 66. [Rec#: 6558] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Rowa-Dewar N. Do interventions make a difference to 

bereaved parents? A systematic review of controlled 

studies. Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(9):452-7. 

[Rec#: 14891] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Rowan, M. S., Lawson, B., MacLean, C., and Burge, F. 

Upholding the principles of primary care in preceptors' 

practices. Family Medicine 2002;34(10):744-9. 

[Rec#: 50709] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-195 

Rowbotham, M. C., Twilling, L., Davies, P. S., Reisner, L., 

Taylor, K., and Mohr, D. Oral opioid therapy for 

chronic peripheral and central neuropathic pain.[see 

comment]. New England Journal of Medicine 

2003;348(13):1223-32. [Rec#: 50710] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rozans, M., Dreisbach, A., Lertora, J., and Kahn, M. 

Palliative uses of methylphenidate in patients with 

cancer: a review. Journal of Clinical Oncology 

2002;20:335-339. [Rec#: 50711] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rubenfeld GD and Curtis JR. Improving care for patients 

dying in the intensive care unit. Clin Chest Med 

2003;24(4):763-73. [Rec#: 14899] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Rubenfeld GD, Randall Curtis J, and End-of-Life Care in the 

ICU Working Group. End-of-life care in the intensive 

care unit: a research agenda. Crit Care Med 

2001;29(10):2001-6. Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2001 

Oct;29(10):2037-8. PMID: 11588487. Comment in: Crit 

Care Med. 2002 Nov;30(11):2612-3; author reply 2613. 

PMID: 12441792. [Rec#: 14900] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Rubenfeld, G. D., Randall Curtis, J., and The End-of-Life 

Care in the, I. C. U. Working Group. End-of-life care in 

the intensive care unit: a research agenda. Critical Care 

Medicine 2001;29(10):2001-6. [Rec#: 50712] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Rubenstein LV, Kahn KL, Reinisch EJ, Sherwood MJ, 

Rogers WH, Kamberg C, Draper D, and Brook RH. 

Changes in quality of care for five diseases measured by 

implicit review, 1981 to 1986. JAMA 

90;264(15):1974-9. Comment in: JAMA. 1990 Oct 

17;264(15):1995-6. PMID: 2120479. [Rec#: 34811] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rubenstein SA. Improving access to supportive therapies for 

cancer patients. Health Care Innov 95;5(3):25-9, 36. 

[Rec#: 14905] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rubenstein, L. Z., Schairer, C., Wieland, G. D., and Kane, R. 

Systematic biases in functional status assessment of 

elderly adults: effects of different data sources. J 

Gerontol 84;39(6):686-91. [Rec#: 50880] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rudberg MA, Teno JM, and Lynn J. Developing and 

implementing measures of quality of care at the end of 

life: a call for action. J Am Geriatr Soc 

97;45(4):528-30. Comment on: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 

Apr;45(4):526-7. PMID: 9100727. [Rec#: 14908] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Rudberg, M. A., Sachs, G. A., and Cassel, C. K. "The 

trajectory of dying": commentary and response. Journal 

of the American Geriatric Society 90;38(9):1059-60. 

[Rec#: 50713] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rudd MG, Viney LL, and Preston CA. The grief experienced 

by spousal caregivers of dementia patients: the role of 

place of care of patient and gender of caregiver. Int J 

Aging Hum Dev 99;48(3):217-40. [Rec#: 6583] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Rueth TW and Hall SE. Dealing with the anger and hostility 

of those who grieve. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

99;16(6):743-6. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 

1999 Nov-Dec;16(6):692-3. PMID: 11094902. 

[Rec#: 14913] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Rummans TA, Bostwick JM, Clark MM, and Mayo Clinic 

Cancer Center Quality of Life Working Group. 

Maintaining quality of life at the end of life. Mayo Clin 

Proc 2000;75(12):1305-10. [Rec#: 6589] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Rundall TG, Shortell SM, Wang MC, Casalino L, 

Bodenheimer T, Gillies RR, Schmittdiel JA, Oswald N, 

and Robinson JC. As good as it gets? Chronic care 

management in nine leading US physician 

organisations. BMJ 2002;325(7370):958-61. Comment 

in: BMJ. 2002 Oct 26;325(7370):914-5. PMID: 

12399322. [Rec#: 34823] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Rushton CH, Williams MA, and Sabatier KH. The 

integration of palliative care and critical care: one 

vision, one voice. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 

2002;14(2):133-40, vii. [Rec#: 14923] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Russell CK, Geraci T, Hooper A, Shull L, and Gregory DM. 

Patients' explanatory models for heart failure and COPD 

exacerbations. Clin Nurs Res 98;7(2):164-88. 

[Rec#: 34830] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rustom R and Daly K. Quality of life after intensive care. Br 

J Nurs 93;2(6):316-20. [Rec#: 6599] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Rutman D and Parke B. Palliative care needs of residents, 

families, and staff in long-term care facilities. J Palliat 

Care 92;8(2):23-9. [Rec#: 14933] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Rutsohn P and Ibrahim N. An analysis of provider attitudes 

toward end-of-life decision-making. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2003;20(5):371-81. [Rec#: 14934] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-196 

Rutten FH, Grobbee DE, and Hoes AW. Diagnosis and 

management of heart failure: a questionnaire among 

general practitioners and cardiologists. Eur J Heart Fail 

2003;5(3):345-8. [Rec#: 50094] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ryan CW. Association between administrative and 

ownership characteristics of hospices and their 

proportion of inpatient deaths. Hosp J 

2000;15(3):63-74. [Rec#: 14935] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ryan LS. Psychosocial issues and lung cancer: a behavioral 

approach. Semin Oncol Nurs 96;12(4):318-23. 

[Rec#: 34839] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ryan PY. Perceptions of the most helpful nursing behaviors 

in a home-care hospice setting: caregivers and nurses. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 92;9(5):22-31. [Rec#: 6607] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Rydholm M and Strang P. Acupuncture for patients in 

hospital-based home care suffering from xerostomia. J 

Palliat Care 99;15(4):20-3. [Rec#: 14940] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Rydholm M and Strang P. Physical and psychosocial impact 

of xerostomia in palliative cancer care: a qualitative 

interview study. Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(7):318-23. 

[Rec#: 6609] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Rykov M and Salmon D. Bibliography for music therapy in 

palliative care, 1963-1997. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

98;15(3):174-80. [Rec#: 14941] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sachs, G. A., Miles, S. H., and Levin, R. A. Limiting 

resuscitation: emerging policy in the emergency medical 

system. Annals of Internal Medicine 91;114(2):151-4. 

[Rec#: 50714] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sachs, G. A., Stocking, C. B., and Miles, S. H. 

Empowerment of the older patient? A randomized, 

controlled trial to increase discussion and use of 

advance directives. Journal of the American Geriatric 

Society 92;40(3):269-73. [Rec#: 50715] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Saggino A and Kline P. Item factor analysis of the Italian 

version of the Death Anxiety Scale. J Clin Psychol 

96;52(3):329-33. [Rec#: 6627] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sahlberg-Blom E, Ternestedt BM, and Johansson JE. Patient 

participation in decision making at the end of life as 

seen by a close relative. Nurs Ethics 

2000;7(4):296-313. [Rec#: 6631] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Sahlberg-Blom E, Ternestedt BM, and Johansson JE. The 

last month of life: continuity, care site and place of 

death. Palliat Med 98;12(4):287-96. [Rec#: 6630] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Sakakibara M, Kongoji K, Samejima H, Shiota K, Takagi A, 

Miyake F, and Murayama M. Specialty-related 

disparities of readmission in patients with chronic heart 

failure: the importance of hospital-clinic cooperation. 

Intern Med 99;38(9):705-9. [Rec#: 50095] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Salisbury C. What is the impact of different models of care 

of patients' quality of life, psychological well being or 

motivation? 1997;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50842] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Salisbury, C., Bosanquet, N., Wilkinson, E. K., Franks, P. J., 

Kite, S., Lorentzon, M., and Naysmith, A. The impact 

of different models of specialist palliative care on 

patients' quality of life: a systematic literature review. 

Palliat Med 99;13(1):3-17. [Rec#: 50150] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Salisbury, C., Bosanquet, N., Wilkinson, E. K., Franks, P. J., 

Kite, S., Lorentzon, M., and Naysmith, A. The impact 

of different models of specialist palliative care on 

patients' quality of life: a systematic literature review. 

Palliative Medicine 99;13(1):3-17. [Rec#: 50716] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Salman, G. F., Mosier, M. C., Beasley, B. W., and Calkins, 

D. R. Rehabilitation for patients with chronic 

obstructive pulmonary disease: meta-analysis of 

randomized controlled trials. J Gen Intern Med 

2003;18(3):213-21. [Rec#: 50151] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Salmon D. Music and emotion in palliative care. J Palliat 

Care 93;9(4):48-52. [Rec#: 6652] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Salmon D. Music therapy as psychospiritual process in 

palliative care. J Palliat Care 2001;17(3):142-6. 

[Rec#: 6653] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Salomon L, Belouet C, Vinant-Binam P, Sicard D, and 

Vidal-Trecan G. A terminal care support team in a Paris 

university hospital: care providers' views. J Palliat Care 

2001;17(2):109-16. [Rec#: 14970] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-197 

Salt N and Robertson SJ. A hidden client group? 

Communication impairment in hospice patients. Int J 

Lang Commun Disord 98;33 Suppl:96-101. 

[Rec#: 6657] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Salt S, Wilson L, and Edwards A. The use of specialist 

palliative care services by patients with human 

immunodeficiency virus-related illness in the Yorkshire 

Deanery of the northern and Yorkshire region. Palliat 

Med 98;12(3):152-60. [Rec#: 14971] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sandberg J, Lundh U, and Nolan MR. Placing a spouse in a 

care home: the importance of keeping. J Clin Nurs 

2001;10(3):406-16. Comment in: Evid Based Nurs. 

2002 Jan;5(1):32. PMID: 11915810. [Rec#: 6667] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sander R and Russell P. Care for dying people in nursing 

homes. Nurs Older People 2001;13(2):21-5; quiz 26. 

Comment in: Nurs Older People. 2001 Nov;13(8):39. 

PMID: 12008482. [Rec#: 6671] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Sander R, Hagenmueller F, Sander C, Riess G, and Classen 

M. Laser versus laser plus afterloading with iridium-192 

in the palliative treatment of malignant stenosis of the 

esophagus: a prospective, randomized, and controlled 

study. Gastrointest Endosc 91;37(4):433-40. 

[Rec#: 6670] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Sankar A. Ritual and dying: a cultural analysis of social 

support for caregivers. Gerontologist 91;31(1):43-50. 

[Rec#: 6678] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Sarhill N, Mahmoud FA, Christie R, and Tahir A. 

Assessment of nutritional status and fluid deficits in 

advanced cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(6):465-73. [Rec#: 15004] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Sarna L and McCorkle R. Burden of care and lung cancer. 

Cancer Pract 96;4(5):245-51. [Rec#: 34901] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Sarna L, Lindsey AM, Dean H, Brecht ML, and McCorkle R. 

Nutritional intake, weight change, symptom distress, 

and functional status over time in adults with lung 

cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 93;20(3):481-9. Erratum in: 

Oncol Nurs Forum 1993 Jul;20(6):851. [Rec#: 34900] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Sarna L. Fluctuations in physical function: adults with 

non-small cell lung cancer. J Adv Nurs 

93;18(5):714-24. [Rec#: 34894] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Satlin A, Volicer L, Ross V, Herz L, and Campbell S. Bright 

light treatment of behavioral and sleep disturbances in 

patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 

92;149(8):1028-32. [Rec#: 34908] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Saunders MM. Family caregivers need support with heart 

failure patients. Holist Nurs Pract 2003;17(3):136-42. 

[Rec#: 34917] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Saunderson EM and Ridsdale L. General practitioners' 

beliefs and attitudes about how to respond to death and 

bereavement: qualitative study. BMJ 

99;319(7205):293-6. Comment in: BMJ. 1999 Jul 

31;319(7205):296. PMID: 10495220. Comment in: 

BMJ. 1999 Oct 16;319(7216):1071. PMID: 10521216. 

[Rec#: 15021] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sauvaget C, Yamada M, Fujiwara S, Sasaki H, and Mimori 

Y. Dementia as a predictor of functional disability: a 

four-year follow-up study. Gerontology 

2002;48(4):226-33. [Rec#: 34920] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Savage, S. R., Joranson, D. E., Covington, E. C., Schnoll, S. 

H., Heit, H. A., and Gilson, A. M. Definitions related to 

the medical use of opioids: evolution towards universal 

agreement. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;26(1):655-67. [Rec#: 50718] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Savenstedt S, Brulin C, and Sandman PO. Family members' 

narrated experiences of communicating via video-phone 

with patients with dementia staying at a nursing home. 

J Telemed Telecare 2003;9(4):216-20. [Rec#: 34923] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Saxena S, O'Connell K, and Underwood L. A commentary: 

cross-cultural quality-of-life assessment at the end of 

life. Gerontologist 2002;42 Spec No 3:81-5. 

[Rec#: 6722] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Saysell E and Routley C. Telemedicine in community-based 

palliative care: evaluation of a videolink teleconference 

project. Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(11):489-95. 

[Rec#: 15025] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Scanlon C. Defining standards for end-of-life care. Am J 

Nurs 97;97(11):58-60. [Rec#: 15027] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-198 

Scanlon, C. and Rushton, C. H. A road map for navigating 

end-of-lfe care. Medical & Surgical Nursing 

98;7(1):57-59. [Rec#: 50721] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Scanlon, C. Defining standards for end-of-life care. 

American Journal of Nursing 97;97(11):58-60. 

[Rec#: 50719] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Scanlon, C. End-of-life decisions: the role of the nurse. 

Seminars in Perioperative Nursing 96;5(2):92-7. 

[Rec#: 50720] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Schaafsma J and Coy P. Response of global quality of life to 

high-dose palliative radiotherapy for non-small-cell 

lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 

2000;47(3):691-701. [Rec#: 15033] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Schaefer KM and Shober Potylycki MJ. Fatigue associated 

with congestive heart failure: use of Levine's 

Conservation Model. J Adv Nurs 93;18(2):260-8. 

[Rec#: 34941] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Schag, C. A., Ganz, P. A., and Heinrich, R. L. CAncer 

Rehabilitation Evaluation System--short form 

(CARES-SF). A cancer specific rehabilitation and 

quality of life instrument. Cancer 91;68(6):1406-13. 

[Rec#: 50881] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Schim SM, Jackson F, Seely S, Grunow K, and Baker J. 

Knowledge and attitudes of home care nurses toward 

hospice referral. J Nurs Adm 2000;30(5):273-7. 

[Rec#: 15050] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Schipper H. The evolution of palliative care: a perspective 

from the European community. J Palliat Care 

91;7(4):37-40. [Rec#: 15051] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Schmidt TA and Tolle SW. Emergency physicians' responses 

to families following patient death. Ann Emerg Med 

90;19(2):125-8. [Rec#: 15064] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Schmitt R. Quality of life issues in lung cancer. New 

symptom management strategies. Chest 93;103(1 

Suppl):51S-55S. [Rec#: 34974] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Schneider S and Kastenbaum R. Patterns and meanings of 

prayer in hospice caregivers: an exploratory study. 

Death Stud 93;17(6):471-85. [Rec#: 15071] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Schneider, E. C., Zaslavsky, A. M., and Epstein, A. M. 

Racial disparities in the quality of care for enrollees in 

medicare managed care. JAMA 2002;287(10):1288-94. 

[Rec#: 50722] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Schofield, P. and Payne, S. A pilot study into the use of a 

multisensory environment (Snoezelen) within a 

palliative day-care setting.[erratum appears in 

International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2003 

Apr;9(4):178]. International Journal of Palliative 

Nursing 2003;9(3):124-30. [Rec#: 50725] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Schonwetter RS, Han B, Small BJ, Martin B, Tope K, and 

Haley WE. Predictors of six-month survival among 

patients with dementia: an evaluation of hospice 

Medicare guidelines. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(2):105-13. [Rec#: 6797] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Schonwetter RS, Soendker S, Perron V, Martin B, Robinson 

BE, and Thal AE. Review of Medicare's proposed 

hospice eligibility criteria for select noncancer patients. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 98;15(3):155-8. [Rec#: 15079] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Schonwetter RS, Walker RM, and Robinson BE. The lack of 

advance directives among hospice patients. Hosp J 

95;10(3):1-11. [Rec#: 6801] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Schreml W and Staub JP. Integrated palliative care within a 

general hospital. Support Care Cancer 2000;8(2):80-3. 

[Rec#: 15083] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Schroeder MR. Guidelines for care of the dying patient: an 

interdisciplinary effort. Continuum 97;17(2):1, 3-10. 

[Rec#: 15087] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Schulman-Green DJ. Psychosocial issues in palliative care: 

physicians' self-perceived role and collaboration with 

hospital staff. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(1):34-40. [Rec#: 6816] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-199 

Schulz, R., Belle, S. H., Czaja, S. J., McGinnis, K. A., 

Stevens, A., and Zhang, S. Long-term care placement of 

dementia patients and caregiver health and well-being. 

JAMA 2004;292(8):961-7. [Rec#: 50921] 

In abstract review process 

Schwarte A. Ethical decisions regarding nutrition and the 

terminally ill. Gastroenterol Nurs 2001;24(1):29-33. 

[Rec#: 6838] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Schwarte AM. Withdrawal of nutritional support in the 

terminally ill. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 

2002;14(2):193-6, ix. [Rec#: 15103] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Schwartz C, Lennes I, Hammes B, Lapham C, Bottner W, 

and Ma Y. Honing an advance care planning 

intervention using qualitative analysis: the Living Well 

interview. J Palliat Med 2003;6(4):593-603. 

[Rec#: 6839] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Schwartzstein, R. M. The language of dyspnea: using verbal 

clues to the diagnosis. Journal of Critical Illness 

99;14:435-441. [Rec#: 50727] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Schwarz JK. Understanding and responding to patients' 

requests for assistance in dying. J Nurs Scholarsh 

2003;35(4):377-84. [Rec#: 6846] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Scialla S, Cole R, Scialla T, Bednarz L, and Scheerer J. 

Rehabilitation for elderly patients with cancer asthenia: 

making a transition to palliative care. Palliat Med 

2000;14(2):121-7. [Rec#: 6850] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Sciortino AD, Carlton DC, Axelrod A, Eng M, Zhukovsky 

DS, and Vinciguerra V. The efficacy of administering 

blood transfusions at home to terminally ill cancer 

patients. J Palliat Care 93;9(3):14-7. [Rec#: 15107] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Scocco P, Meneghel G, Caon F, Dello Buono M, and De Leo 

D. Death ideation and its correlates: survey of an 

over-65-year-old population. J Nerv Ment Dis 

2001;189(4):210-8. [Rec#: 6857] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Scott G. A study of family carers of people with a 

life-threatening illness. 2: Implications of the needs 

assessment. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(7):323-30. 

[Rec#: 6864] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Scott JF and Lynch J. Bedside assessment of competency in 

palliative care. J Palliat Care 94;10(3):101-5. 

[Rec#: 15118] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Scott JP and Caldwell J. Needs and program strengths: 

perceptions of hospice volunteers. Hosp J 

96;11(1):19-30. [Rec#: 6867] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Scott LD. Caregiving and care receiving among a 

technologically dependent heart failure population. 

ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2000;23(2):82-97. [Rec#: 35012] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Scott MB. Exploration of factors that impact mode of death 

in the hemodialysis patient. ANNA J 99;26(6):577-83; 

discussion 584-5. [Rec#: 6868] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Scott PA. Autonomy, power, and control in palliative care. 

Camb Q Healthc Ethics 99;8(2):139-47. [Rec#: 6869] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Seale C. Theories in health care and research: theories and 

studying the care of dying people. BMJ 

98;317(7171):1518-20. [Rec#: 15127] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Seamark DA, Lawrence C, and Gilbert J. Characteristics of 

referrals to an inpatient hospice and a survey of general 

practitioner perceptions of palliative care. J R Soc Med 

96;89(2):79-84. [Rec#: 15131] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Seamark DA, Thorne CP, Jones RV, Gray DJ, and Searle JF. 

Knowledge and perceptions of a domiciliary hospice 

service among general practitioners and community 

nurses. Br J Gen Pract 93;43(367):57-9. [Rec#: 15132] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Seamark DA, Williams S, Hall M, Lawrence CJ, and Gilbert 

J. Palliative terminal cancer care in community hospitals 

and a hospice: a comparative study. Br J Gen Pract 

98;48(431):1312-6. [Rec#: 15135] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Seamens CM and Wrenn K. Breathlessness. Strategies aimed 

at identifying and treating the cause of dyspnea. 

Postgrad Med 95;98(4):215-6, 219-22, 225-7. 

[Rec#: 35016] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sebag-Lanoe, R., Lefebvre-Chapiro, S., Feteanu, D., and 

Trivalle, C. Palliative care in a long-term care setting: a 

25-year French experience. Journal of Palliative Care 

2003;19(3):209-13. [Rec#: 50728] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-200 

Sebastian P, Varghese C, Sankaranarayanan R, Zaina CP, 

Nirmala G, Jeevy G, and Nair MK. Evaluation of 

symptomatology in planning palliative care. Palliat 

Med 93;7(1):27-34. [Rec#: 6881] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Seddon D and Robinson CA. Carers of older people with 

dementia: assessment and the Carers Act. Health Soc 

Care Community 2001;9(3):151-8. [Rec#: 35018] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Seidman, J. J., Bass, E. P., and Rubin, H. R. Review of 

studies that compare the quality of cardiovascular care 

in HMO versus non-HMO settings. Med Care 

98;36(12):1607-25. [Rec#: 50152] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sekeres MA and Stern TA. On the Edge of Life, I: 

Assessment of, Reaction to, and Management of the 

Terminally Ill Recorded in an Intensive Care Unit 

Journal. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 

2002;4(5):178-183. [Rec#: 6896] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Seligman PA, Dignon C, Ross DD, Steen PD, Abrahm JL, 

Boston PH, Ferris F, Foley J, Nelson-Marten P, O'Mara 

AM, von Gunten CF, and Weissman DE. Development 

of a teaching module for quality-of-life assessment of 

terminal patients. The AACE Multi-Institutional 

Palliative Cancer Education Section. American 

Association for Cancer Education. J Cancer Educ 

99;14(3):129-31. [Rec#: 15146] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sellick, S. M. and Zaza, C. Critical review of 5 

nonpharmacologic strategies for managing cancer pain. 

Cancer Prev Control 98;2(1):7-14. [Rec#: 50153] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Selwyn PA and Forstein M. Overcoming the false dichotomy 

of curative vs palliative care for late-stage HIV/AIDS: 

"let me live the way I want to live, until I can't". JAMA 

2003;290(6):806-14. Comment in: JAMA. 2004 Jan 

28;291(4):492. PMID: 14747507. [Rec#: 6905] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Selwyn, P. A. and Rivard, M. Palliative care for AIDS: 

challenges and opportunities in the era of highly active 

anti-retroviral therapy. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2003;6(3):475-487. [Rec#: 50729] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Seo Y. A preliminary study on the emotional distress of 

patients with terminal-stage cancer: a questionnaire 

survey of 1380 bereaved families over a 12-year period. 

Jpn J Clin Oncol 97;27(2):80-3. [Rec#: 6915] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Sepulveda C, Marlin A, Yoshida T, and Ullrich A. Palliative 

Care: the World Health Organization's global 

perspective. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24(2):91-6. 

[Rec#: 15161] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Serra-Prat M, Gallo P, and Picaza JM. Home palliative care 

as a cost-saving alternative: evidence from Catalonia. 

Palliat Med 2001;15(4):271-8. [Rec#: 6921] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Serwint JR. Not always a happy ending: the complexities of 

the doctor-patient relationship in end-of life care. J 

Palliat Med 2004;7(1):77-8. [Rec#: 6924] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sese JC. Letting go of Abuelo. Redefining 'survival' in a 

profession that does so much business with death. Am J 

Nurs 98;98(8):53. [Rec#: 6925] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sessa C, Pampallona S, Carobbio M, Neuenschwander H, 

and Cavalli F. Palliative care of cancer patients: audit of 

current hospital procedures. Support Care Cancer 

98;6(3):266-72. [Rec#: 6927] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Sessa C, Roggero E, Pampallona S, Regazzoni S, Ghielmini 

M, Lang M, Marx B, Neuenschwander H, Pagani O, 

Vasilievic V, and Cavalli F. The last 3 months of life of 

cancer patients: medical aspects and role of home-care 

services in southern Switzerland. Support Care Cancer 

96;4(3):180-5. Comment in: Support Care Cancer. 1996 

May;4(3):157. PMID: 8739645. [Rec#: 6928] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Severs MP and Wilkins PS. A hospital palliative care ward 

for elderly people. Age Ageing 91;20(5):361-4. 

[Rec#: 6932] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Seymour J, Clark D, Hughes P, Bath P, Beech N, Corner J, 

Douglas HR, Halliday D, Haviland J, Marples R, 

Normand C, Skilbeck J, and Webb T. Clinical nurse 

specialists in palliative care. Part 3. Issues for the 

Macmillan Nurse role. Palliat Med 2002;16(5):386-94. 

[Rec#: 15173] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Seymour JE. Revisiting medicalisation and 'natural' death. 

Soc Sci Med 99;49(5):691-704. [Rec#: 6935] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Shadinger M, Hinninger K, and Lester D. Belief in life after 

death, religiosity and fear of death. Psychol Rep 

99;84(3 Pt 1):868. [Rec#: 6940] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-201 

Shah MR, Hasselblad V, Stinnett SS, Kramer JM, Grossman 

S, Gheorghiade M, Adams KF Jr, Swedberg K, Califf 

RM, and O'Connor CM. Dissociation between 

hemodynamic changes and symptom improvement in 

patients with advanced congestive heart failure. Eur J 

Heart Fail 2002;4(3):297-304. [Rec#: 35063] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Shanafelt T, Adjei A, and Meyskens FL. When your favorite 

patient relapses: physician grief and well-being in the 

practice of oncology. J Clin Oncol 2003;21(13):2616-9. 

[Rec#: 6953] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Shapiro ER. Grief in family and cultural context: learning 

from Latino families. Cult Divers Ment Health 

95;1(2):159-76. [Rec#: 6958] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Shaughnessy, P. W., Hittle, D. F., Crisler, K. S., Powell, M. 

C., Richard, A. A., Kramer, A. M., Schlenker, R. E., 

Steiner, J. F., Donelan-McCall, N. S., Beaudry, J. M., 

Mulvey-Lawlor, K. L., and Engle, K. Improving patient 

outcomes of home health care: findings from two 

demonstration trials of outcome-based quality 

improvement. Journal of the American Geriatrics 

Society 2002;50(8):1354-64. [Rec#: 50731] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Shearer R and Davidhizar R. It can never be the way it was: 

helping elderly women adjust to change and loss. Home 

Healthc Nurse 94;12(4):60-5. [Rec#: 6978] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sheehan DC and Forman WB. Symptomatic management of 

the older person with cancer. Clin Geriatr Med 

97;13(1):203-19. [Rec#: 6979] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sheehan DK and Schirm V. End-of-life care of older adults. 

Am J Nurs 2003;103(11):48-51, 54-8; quiz 59. 

[Rec#: 6980] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sheehan MN. Ethics rounds. Words unspoken. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2001;21(4):356-7. Comment on: J 

Pain Symptom Manage. 2001 Apr;21(4):355-6. PMID: 

11312050. [Rec#: 6983] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Shega JW, Hougham GW, Stocking CB, Cox-Hayley D, and 

Sachs GA. Barriers to limiting the practice of feeding 

tube placement in advanced dementia. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(6):885-93. [Rec#: 35079] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Shega, J. W., Levin, A., Houghman, G. W., Cox-Hayley, D., 

Luchins, D., Hanrahan, P., Stocking, C., and Sachs, G. 

Palliative excellence in Alzheimer care efforts 

(PEACE): a program description. Journal of Palliative 

Medicine 2003;6(2):315-320. [Rec#: 50732] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sheldon JE. Patient education: adding to quality of care. Am 

J Hosp Palliat Care 98;15(4):239-42. [Rec#: 6985] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Shelton P, Schraeder C, Dworak D, Fraser C, and Sager MA. 

Caregivers' utilization of health services: results from the 

Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration, Illinois 

site. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(12):1600-5. Comment 

in: Evid Based Ment Health. 2002 Aug;5(3):95. PMID: 

12180462. [Rec#: 50096] 

In abstract review process 

Shepardson LB, Youngner SJ, Speroff T, and Rosenthal GE. 

Increased risk of death in patients with 

do-not-resuscitate orders. Med Care 99;37(8):727-37. 

Comment in: Med Care. 1999 Aug;37(8):719-21. 

PMID: 10448714. Comment in: Med Care. 1999 

Aug;37(8):722-6. PMID: 10448715. [Rec#: 6990] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Shephard RJ and Franklin B. Changes in the quality of life: a 

major goal of cardiac rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm 

Rehabil 2001;21(4):189-200. [Rec#: 35084] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sherbourne CD, Meredith LS, Rogers W, and Ware JE Jr. 

Social support and stressful life events: age differences 

in their effects on health-related quality of life among 

the chronically ill. Qual Life Res 92;1(4):235-46. 

[Rec#: 6995] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sherman DA and Branum K. Critical care nurses' perceptions 

of appropriate care of the patient with orders not to 

resuscitate. Heart Lung 95;24(4):321-9. [Rec#: 6998] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sherwood GD, McNeill JA, Starck PL, and Disnard G. 

Changing acute pain management outcomes in surgical 

patients. AORN J 2003;77(2):374, 377-80, 384-90 

passim. [Rec#: 7003] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sherwood PR, Given BA, Doorenbos AZ, and Given CW. 

Forgotten voices: lessons from bereaved caregivers of 

persons with a brain tumour. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2004;10(2):67-75; discussion 75. [Rec#: 7004] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Shickle D. Public preferences for health care: prioritisation in 

the United Kingdom. Bioethics 97;11(3-4):277-90. 

[Rec#: 7007] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Shidler S. A systemic perspective of life-prolonging 

treatment decision making. Qual Health Res 

98;8(2):254-69. [Rec#: 7008] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-202 

Shields CE. Giving patients bad news. Prim Care 

98;25(2):381-90. [Rec#: 7009] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Shimoyama, N. and Shimoyama, M. Nebulized furosemide 

as a novel treatment for dyspnea in terminal cancer 

patients. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

2002;23:73-76. [Rec#: 50734] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Shipman C, Addington-Hall J, Barclay S, Briggs J, Cox I, 

Daniels L, and Millar D. How and why do GPs use 

specialist palliative care services? Palliat Med 

2002;16(3):241-6. [Rec#: 7028] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Shipman C, Addington-Hall J, Barclay S, Briggs J, Cox I, 

Daniels L, and Millar D. Providing palliative care in 

primary care: how satisfied are GPs and district nurses 

with current out-of-hours arrangements? Br J Gen Pract 

2000;50(455):477-8. Comment in: Br J Gen Pract. 2001 

Aug;51(469):677. PMID: 11510411. [Rec#: 7029] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Shipman C, Addington-Hall J, Thompson M, Pearce A, 

Barclay S, Cox I, Maher J, and Millar D. Building 

bridges in palliative care: evaluating a GP Facilitator 

programme. Palliat Med 2003;17(7):621-7. 

[Rec#: 15236] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Shipton SL. Congestive heart failure readmission. Home 

Care Provid 97;2(4):171-5. [Rec#: 50097] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Shochat T, Martin J, Marler M, and Ancoli-Israel S. 

Illumination levels in nursing home patients: effects on 

sleep and activity rhythms. J Sleep Res 

2000;9(4):373-9. [Rec#: 35125] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sholevar GP and Perkel R. Family systems intervention and 

physical illness. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 90;12(6):363-72. 

[Rec#: 7036] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Shortell, S. M., Zimmerman, J. E., Rousseau, D. M., Gillies, 

R. R., Wagner, D. P., Draper, E. A., Knaus, W. A., and 

Duffy, J. The performance of intensive care units: does 

good management make a difference? Medical Care 

94;32(5):508-25. [Rec#: 50735] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Should patients with anorexia nervosa receive palliative 

care? BMJ 98;317(7152):C. [Rec#: 7038] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Shuff IM, Horne AM, Westberg NG, Mooney SP, and 

Mitchell CW. Volunteers under threat: AIDS hospice 

volunteers compared to volunteers in a traditional 

hospice. Hosp J 91;7(1-2):85-107. [Rec#: 7039] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Shugarman LR, Campbell DE, Bird CE, Gabel J, A Louis T, 

and Lynn J. Differences in medicare expenditures 

during the last 3 years of life. J Gen Intern Med 

2004;19(2):127-35. [Rec#: 7040] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Shuler PA, Huebscher R, and Hallock J. Providing wholistic 

health care for the elderly: utilization of the Shuler 

Nurse Practitioner Practice Model. J Am Acad Nurse 

Pract 2001;13(7):297-303. [Rec#: 7041] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Shuster JL Jr. Palliative care for advanced dementia. Clin 

Geriatr Med 2000;16(2):373-86. [Rec#: 7044] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Shuster, J. L. Jr., Breitbart, W., and Chochinov, H. M. 

Psychiatric aspects of excellent end-of-life care. Ad Hoc 

Committee on End-of-Life Care. The Academy of 

Psychosomatic Medicine. Psychosomatics 

99;40(1):1-4. [Rec#: 50736] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Siefken S. The Hispanic perspective on death and dying: a 

combination of respect, empathy, and spirituality. Pride 

Inst J Long Term Home Health Care 93;12(2):26-8. 

[Rec#: 7049] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Siegel JM and Kuykendall DH. Loss, widowhood, and 

psychological distress among the elderly. J Consult 

Clin Psychol 90;58(5):519-24. [Rec#: 7053] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Siegel K, Karus DG, Raveis VH, Christ GH, and Mesagno 

FP. Depressive distress among the spouses of terminally 

ill cancer patients. Cancer Pract 96;4(1):25-30. 

[Rec#: 7054] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Siegel K, Raveis VH, Bettes B, Mesagno FP, Christ G, and 

Weinstein L. Perceptions of parental competence while 

facing the death of a spouse. Am J Orthopsychiatry 

90;60(4):567-76. [Rec#: 7056] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Siegler EL, Del Monte ML, Rosati RJ, and von Gunten CF. 

What role should the nephrologist play in the provision 

of palliative care? J Palliat Med 2002;5(5):759-62. 

[Rec#: 7058] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-203 

Sikkema KJ, Hansen NB, Kochman A, Tate DC, and 

Difranceisco W. Outcomes from a randomized 

controlled trial of a group intervention for HIV positive 

men and women coping with AIDS-related loss and 

bereavement. Death Stud 2004;28(3):187-209. 

[Rec#: 7066] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Sikkema KJ, Kalichman SC, Kelly JA, and Koob JJ. Group 

intervention to improve coping with AIDS-related 

bereavement: model development and an illustrative 

clinical example. AIDS Care 95;7(4):463-75. 

[Rec#: 7068] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Sikkema KJ, Kochman A, DiFranceisco W, Kelly JA, and 

Hoffmann RG. AIDS-related grief and coping with loss 

among HIV-positive men and women. J Behav Med 

2003;26(2):165-81. [Rec#: 7069] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Sillevis Smitt P, Tsafka A, van den Bent M, de Bruin H, 

Hendriks W, Vecht C, and Teng-van de Zande F. Spinal 

epidural abscess complicating chronic epidural 

analgesia in 11 cancer patients: clinical findings and 

magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol 

99;246(9):815-20. [Rec#: 7073] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Silverman HJ, Fry ST, and Armistead N. Nurses' 

perspectives on implementation of the Patient 

Self-Determination Act. J Clin Ethics 94;5(1):30-7. 

[Rec#: 7077] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Silvestri GA, Sherman C, Williams T, Leong SS, Flume P, 

and Turrisi A. Caring for the dying patient with lung 

cancer. Chest 2002;122(3):1028-36. [Rec#: 35152] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Silvestri GA. Palliation for the dying patient with lung 

cancer. Respir Care 2000;45(12):1490-6; discussion 

1497-500. [Rec#: 15270] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Simione RJ and Simione KA. Financial management of a 

hospice program. Caring 2002;21(7):34-9. 

[Rec#: 7085] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Simione RJ and Simione WJ 3rd. Preparing for the new 

hospice cost report. Caring 2001;20(2):44, 46-7. 

[Rec#: 7086] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Simonds AK. Ethics and decision making in end stage lung 

disease. Thorax 2003;58(3):272-7. [Rec#: 35157] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Simons JP, Aaronson NK, Vansteenkiste JF, ten Velde GP, 

Muller MJ, Drenth BM, Erdkamp FL, Cobben EG, 

Schoon EJ, Smeets JB, Schouten HC, Demedts M, 

Hillen HF, Blijham GH, and Wouters EF. Effects of 

medroxyprogesterone acetate on appetite, weight, and 

quality of life in advanced-stage non-hormone-sensitive 

cancer: a placebo-controlled multicenter study. J Clin 

Oncol 96;14(4):1077-84. [Rec#: 35158] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Simonton S and Sherman A. An integrated model of group 

treatment for cancer patients. Int J Group Psychother 

2000;50(4):487-506. [Rec#: 7095] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Simpson C. A process of dying by default. Aust Fam 

Physician 93;22(7):1279-81, 1283. [Rec#: 7096] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Simpson SH. Reconnecting: the experiences of nurses caring 

for hopelessly ill patients in intensive care. Intensive 

Crit Care Nurs 97;13(4):189-97. [Rec#: 7101] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Sinding C. Disarmed complaints: unpacking satisfaction with 

end-of-life care. Soc Sci Med 2003;57(8):1375-85. 

[Rec#: 7105] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Singer GR. Disconnecting the ventilator: life saving or death 

delaying? J Fla Med Assoc 97;84(8):498-501. 

[Rec#: 7106] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Singer PA and Bowman KW. Quality end-of-life care: A 

global perspective. BMC Palliat Care 2002;1(1):4. 

[Rec#: 7107] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Singer PA, Martin DK, and Kelner M. Quality end-of-life 

care: patients' perspectives. JAMA 99;281(2):163-8. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1999 Apr 28;281(16):1488. 

PMID: 10227311. [Rec#: 7108] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Singer PA, Martin DK, Lavery JV, Thiel EC, Kelner M, and 

Mendelssohn DC. Reconceptualizing advance care 

planning from the patient's perspective. Arch Intern 

Med 98;158(8):879-84. [Rec#: 7109] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Singer PA. Advance directives in palliative care. J Palliat 

Care 94;10(3):111-6. [Rec#: 15293] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-204 

Singer Y and Shvartzman P. The feasibility and advisability 

of administering home blood transfusions to the 

terminally ill patient. J Palliat Care 98;14(3):46-8. 

[Rec#: 7112] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Singer, P. A. and MacDonald, N. Bioethics for clinicians: 15. 

Quality end-of-life care. CMAJ Canadian Medical 

Association Journal 98;159(2):159-62. [Rec#: 50739] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Singer, P., Martin, D. K., Kelner, M., and Marm, M. 

Domains of quality end-of-lofe care from the patients 

perspective. JAMA 99;281:163-168. [Rec#: 50738] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sivesind D, Parker PA, Cohen L, Demoor C, Bumbaugh M, 

Throckmorton T, Volker DL, and Baile WF. 

Communicating with patients in cancer care; what areas 

do nurses find most challenging? J Cancer Educ 

2003;18(4):202-9. [Rec#: 7128] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Skeel RT. Quality of life dimensions that are most important 

to cancer patients. Oncology (Huntingt) 

93;7(12):55-61; discussion 65-6, 69-70. [Rec#: 15303] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Skiba LA, Clark EJ, and Kalmer KA. The Forget-Me-Not 

Program: incorporating bereavement care into the 

continuum. Continuum 97;17(2):11-5. [Rec#: 15304] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Skilbeck J and Seymour J. Meeting complex needs: an 

analysis of Macmillan nurses' work with patients. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2002;8(12):574-82. [Rec#: 7134] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Skilbeck J, Corner J, Bath P, Beech N, Clark D, Hughes P, 

Douglas HR, Halliday D, Haviland J, Marples R, 

Normand C, Seymour J, and Webb T. Clinical nurse 

specialists in palliative care. Part 1. A description of the 

MacMillan Nurse caseload. Palliat Med 

2002;16(4):285-96. Comment in: Palliat Med. 2002 

Jul;16(4):275-7. PMID: 12132539. [Rec#: 7132] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Skilbeck J, Mott L, Page H, Smith D, Hjelmeland-Ahmedzai 

S, and Clark D. Palliative care in chronic obstructive 

airways disease: a needs assessment. Palliat Med 

98;12(4):245-54. [Rec#: 7133] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Skobel SW, Cullom BA, and Showalter SE. When a nurse is 

not enough: why the hospice interdisciplinary team may 

be a nurse's best gift. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

97;14(4):201-4. [Rec#: 7136] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Skrinskas G and Reichenfeld HF. Quality end-of-life care. 

Ann R Coll Physicians Surg Can 2002;35(4):245-6. 

[Rec#: 7138] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sloan PA, Plymale M, LaFountain P, Johnson M, Snapp J, 

and Sloan DA. Equipping medical students to manage 

cancer pain: A comparison of three educational 

methods. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004;27(4):333-42. 

[Rec#: 7142] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sloan SL. The hospice movement: a study in the diffusion of 

innovative palliative care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

92;9(3):24-31. [Rec#: 15321] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sloan, R. P. and Bagiella, E. Claims about religious 

involvement and health outcomes. Annals of 

Behavioral Medicine 2002;24(1):14-21. [Rec#: 50741] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sloan, R. P., Bagiella, E., and Powell, T. Religion, 

spirituality, and medicine. Lancet 99;353(9153):664-7. 

[Rec#: 50742] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sloan, R. P., Bagiella, E., VandeCreek, L., Hover, M., 

Casalone, C., Jinpu Hirsch, T., Hasan, Y., Kreger, R., 

and Poulos, P. Should physicians prescribe religious 

activities? New England Journal of Medicine 

2000;342(25):1913-6. [Rec#: 50743] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sloman R, Ahern M, Wright A, and Brown L. Nurses' 

knowledge of pain in the elderly. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2001;21(4):317-22. [Rec#: 7145] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Slone M and Stephany T. Stressors of hospice home care 

nurses caring for AIDS patients: a pilot study. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 95;12(1):32-6. [Rec#: 7147] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sloss EM, Solomon DH, Shekelle PG, Young RT, Saliba D, 

MacLean CH, Rubenstein LZ, Schnelle JF, Kamberg 

CJ, and Wenger NS. Selecting target conditions for 

quality of care improvement in vulnerable older adults. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(4):363-9. [Rec#: 7148] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Slutsman J, Emanuel LL, Fairclough D, Bottorff D, and 

Emanuel EJ. Managing end-of-life care: comparing the 

experiences of terminally Ill patients in managed care 

and fee for service. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2002;50(12):2077-83. [Rec#: 7149] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-205 

Small M, Engler AJ, and Rushton CH. Saying goodbye in the 

intensive care unit: helping caregivers grieve. Pediatr 

Nurs 91;17(1):103-5. [Rec#: 15327] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Smeenk FW, Ament AJ, van Haastregt JC, de Witte LP, and 

Crebolder HF. Cost analysis of transmural home care 

for terminal cancer patients. Patient Educ Couns 

98;35(3):201-11. [Rec#: 7153] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Smeenk FW, van Haastregt JC, de Witte LP, and Crebolder 

HF. Effectiveness of home care programmes for patients 

with incurable cancer on their quality of life and time 

spent in hospital: systematic review. BMJ 

98;316(7149):1939-44. [Rec#: 15331] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Smeijsters H and van Den Hurk J. Music Therapy Helping to 

Work Through Grief and Finding a Personal Identity. J 

Music Ther 99;36(3):222-252. [Rec#: 7158] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Smith AL. Managing patients with "refractory" heart failure. 

J Med Assoc Ga 2001;90(4):32-5. [Rec#: 35207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Smith DM. Are we missing an important segment of the 

population? RDH 92;12(3):30, 42. [Rec#: 7163] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Smith ED. Addressing the psychospiritual distress of death 

as reality: a transpersonal approach. Soc Work 

95;40(3):402-13. [Rec#: 15343] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Smith GP 2nd. Euphemistic codes and tell-tale hearts: 

humane assistance in end-of-life cases. Health Matrix 

Clevel 2000;10(2):175-203. [Rec#: 7167] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Smith M and Yuen K. Palliative care in the home. The 

GP/home hospice team. Aust Fam Physician 

94;23(7):1260-5. [Rec#: 15359] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Smith N and Regnard C. Managing family problems in 

advanced disease--a flow diagram. Palliat Med 

93;7(1):47-58. [Rec#: 15363] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Smith PC, Westfall JM, and Nichols RA. Primary care 

family physicians and 2 hospitalist models: comparison 

of outcomes, processes, and costs. J Fam Pract 

2002;51(12):1021-7. Comment in: J Fam Pract. 2002 

Dec;51(12):1028-9. PMID: 12540327. [Rec#: 7175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Smith SA. Controversies in hydrating the terminally ill 

patient. J Intraven Nurs 97;20(4):193-200. Comment 

in: J Intraven Nurs. 1998 May-Jun;21(3):138-9. PMID: 

9652270. [Rec#: 7177] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Smith SA. Facing the challenge of the hospice and palliative 

care marriage. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 98;15(3):181-3. 

[Rec#: 15369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Smith SA. Patient-induced dehydration--can it ever be 

therapeutic? Oncol Nurs Forum 95;22(10):1487-91. 

[Rec#: 7178] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Smith SH. "Fret no more my child ... for I'm all over heaven 

all day": religious beliefs in the bereavement of African 

American, middle-aged daughters coping with the death 

of an elderly mother. Death Stud 2002;26(4):309-23. 

[Rec#: 7179] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Smith TJ, Coyne P, Cassel B, Penberthy L, Hopson A, and 

Hager MA. A high-volume specialist palliative care unit 

and team may reduce in-hospital end-of-life care costs. 

J Palliat Med 2003;6(5):699-705. [Rec#: 15378] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Smith TJ, Desch CE, Grasso MA, McCue MJ, Buonaiuto D, 

Grasso K, Johantgen ME, Hackney MH, Shaw JE, and 

Simonson CJ. The Rural Cancer Outreach Program: 

clinical and financial analysis of palliative and curative 

care for an underserved population. Cancer Treat Rev 

96;22 Suppl A:97-101. [Rec#: 15379] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Smith TJ. Health service studies in the terminally ill cancer 

patient. Cancer Treat Res 98;97:81-97. [Rec#: 15377] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Smith WB, Gracely RH, and Safer MA. The meaning of 

pain: cancer patients' rating and recall of pain intensity 

and affect. Pain 98;78(2):123-9. [Rec#: 7183] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Smith WR, Kellerman A, and Brown JS. The impact of 

nursing home transfer policies at the end of life on a 

public acute care hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc 

95;43(9):1052-7. [Rec#: 7184] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Smith, M. C., Holcombe, J. K., and Stullenbarger, E. A 

meta-analysis of intervention effectiveness for symptom 

management in oncology nursing research. Oncol Nurs 

Forum 94;21(7):1201-9; discussion 1209-10. 

[Rec#: 50154] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-206 

Smith, S. P. and Varoglu, G. Hospice: a supportive working 

environment for nurses. Journal of Palliative Care 

85;1(1):16-23. [Rec#: 50744] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Smith-Stoner M and Frost AL. How to build your "hope 

skills". Nursing 99;29(9):49-51. [Rec#: 7181] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Smith-Stoner M. There's still no place like home: results of 

the Home Healthcare Nurse 2002 survey of nurses 

working in home care and hospice for 20+ years. Home 

Healthc Nurse 2002;20(10):657-62. [Rec#: 15372] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

SMS commission updates guidelines on terminal care in 

long-term care facilities and at home. Wis Med J 

94;93(3):138-40. [Rec#: 7189] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sneed NV, Paul S, Michel Y, Vanbakel A, and Hendrix G. 

Evaluation of 3 quality of life measurement tools in 

patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Lung 

2001;30(5):332-40. [Rec#: 35231] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Snyder JR. Therapeutic touch and the terminally ill: healing 

power through the hands. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

97;14(2):83-7. [Rec#: 15395] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Snyder RD. A peaceful death. Ann Emerg Med 

94;24(6):1195-6. [Rec#: 7199] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Soares, L. G. Poor social conditions, criminality and urban 

violence: Unmentioned barriers for effective cancer pain 

control at the end of life. Journal of Pain & Symptom 

Management 2003;26(2):693-5. [Rec#: 50746] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Society, American Thoracic. Dyspnea mechansims, 

assessment, adn management: A concensus statement. 

American Jouranl of Respiratory and Critical Care 

Medicine 99;159:321-340. [Rec#: 50747] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Soden K, Hoy A, Hoy W, and Clelland S. Artificial 

hydration during the last week of life in patients dying 

in a district general hospital. Palliat Med 

2002;16(6):542-3. [Rec#: 7201] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Soderberg A, Gilje F, and Norberg A. Transforming 

desolation into consolation: the meaning of being in 

situations of ethical difficulty in intensive care. Nurs 

Ethics 99;6(5):357-73. [Rec#: 7203] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Soeda S, Terao T, Nishimura M, Nakamura J, and Iwata N. 

Aging and visual hallucinations in elderly psychiatric 

outpatients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol 

Psychiatry 2004;28(2):401-4. [Rec#: 7204] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sogaard J and Gyrd-Hansen D. Counting and discounting 

gained life-years. Dev Health Econ Public Policy 

98;6:51-74. [Rec#: 7208] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Soloman NRZ. Death and Dying in Ethnic America: 

Findings in Eritrean, Oromo, and Somali Communities. 

2000;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50748] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Solomon MZ. How physicians talk about futility: making 

words mean too many things. J Law Med Ethics 

93;21(2):231-7. [Rec#: 7214] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Solomon, M. Z. The enormity of the task. SUPPORT and 

changing practice. Hastings Cent Rep 95;25(6):S28-32. 

[Rec#: 50882] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Soltys FG, Brookins M, and Seney J. Why hospice? The case 

for ESRD patients and their families. ANNA J 

98;25(6):619-24, 578. [Rec#: 7218] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Sommers, L. S., Marton, K. I., Barbaccia, J. C., and 

Randolph, J. Physician, nurse, and social worker 

collaboration in primary care for chronically ill seniors. 

Archives of Internal Medicine 2000;160(12):1825-33. 

[Rec#: 50749] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sontag MA. A comparison of hospice programs based on 

Medicare certification status. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

96;13(2):32-41. [Rec#: 15422] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sontag MA. Characteristics of hospice programs, directors, 

and selected staff in one western state. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 95;12(4):29-37. [Rec#: 7227] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sontag MA. Hospice values, access to services, and the 

Medicare hospice benefit. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

92;9(6):17-21. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 

1993 May-Jun;10(3):3-4. PMID: 8312078. 

[Rec#: 15423] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sopata M, Luczak J, and Glocwacka A. managing pressure 

sores in palliative care. J Wound Care 97;6(1):10-1. 

[Rec#: 7229] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-207 

Sorajjakool S. Gerontology, spirituality, and religion. J 

Pastoral Care 98;52(2):147-56. [Rec#: 7230] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sorbye LW. A longitudinal study on dying in a Norwegian 

hospital. Int J Palliat Nurs 2000;6(2):71-9. 

[Rec#: 7232] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Sorbye LW. Cancer patients who prefer to die at home. 

Characterizations of municipalities with several or few 

occurrences of home deaths. Scand J Caring Sci 

99;13(2):102-8. [Rec#: 15425] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sorbye LW. Homecare at the end of life. A study of fifteen 

patients. Scand J Caring Sci 90;4(3):107-13. 

[Rec#: 7231] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Soriano-Pacheco JA, Lopez-Navidad A, Caballero F, Leal J, 

Garcia-Sousa S, and Linares JL. Psychopathology of 

bereavement in the families of cadaveric organ donors. 

Transplant Proc 99;31(6):2604-5. [Rec#: 7234] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Soudry E, Sprung CL, Levin PD, Grunfeld GB, and Einav S. 

Forgoing life-sustaining treatments: comparison of 

attitudes between Israeli and North American intensive 

care healthcare professionals. Isr Med Assoc J 

2003;5(11):770-4. [Rec#: 7239] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Souter J. Using a model for structured reflection on palliative 

care nursing: exploring the challenges raised. Int J 

Palliat Nurs 2003;9(1):6-12. [Rec#: 7242] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Soutter J and Craft A. A strategy for caring for families in 

bereavement. Nurs Times 94;90(30):37-9. [Rec#: 7244] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Age, not adults" 

Sowell RL, Bramlett MH, Gueldner SH, Gritzmacher D, and 

Martin G. The lived experience of survival and 

bereavement following the death of a lover from AIDS. 

Image J Nurs Sch 91;23(2):89-94. [Rec#: 7246] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Spector, N. and Klein, D. Assessing and managing dyspnea. 

Nursing Profile 2002;20-24. [Rec#: 50750] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Spector, N., Klein, D., and Rice-Wiley, L. Terminally ill 

patients breathe easier with nebulized morphine. 

Nursing Spectrum 2000;1-6. [Rec#: 50751] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Speer DC, Robinson BE, and Reed MP. The relationship 

between hospice length of stay and caregiver 

adjustment. Hosp J 95;10(1):45-58. [Rec#: 7256] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Spencer L. How do nurses deal with their own grief when a 

patient dies on an intensive care unit, and what help can 

be given to enable them to overcome their grief 

effectively? J Adv Nurs 94;19(6):1141-50. 

[Rec#: 7262] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Spettigue B, Uglow A, and Stewart G. A multidisciplinary 

approach to palliative transfusions at home. Nurs Times 

98;94(28):54-5. [Rec#: 7265] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Spieker ED and Motzer SA. Sleep-disordered breathing in 

patients with heart failure: pathophysiology, assessment, 

and management. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 

2003;15(11):487-93. [Rec#: 35287] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Spiller JA and Alexander DA. Domiciliary care: a 

comparison of the views of terminally ill patients and 

their family caregivers. Palliat Med 93;7(2):109-15. 

[Rec#: 7270] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Spillman, B. C. and Lubitz, J. The effect of longevity on 

spending for acute and long-term care. New England 

Journal of Medicine 2000;342(19):1409-15. 

[Rec#: 50752] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Spinsanti S. Obtaining consent from the family: a horizon for 

clinical ethics. J Clin Ethics 92;3(3):188-92. Comment 

in: J Clin Ethics. 1992 Fall;3(3):219-20. PMID: 

1392043. Comment in: J Clin Ethics. 1992 

Fall;3(3):221-4. PMID: 1392044. Comment in: J Clin 

Ethics. 1992 Fall;3(3):224-8. PMID: 1392045. 

[Rec#: 7277] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sprangers, M. A. and Aaronson, N. K. The role of health 

care providers and significant others in evaluating the 

quality of life of patients with chronic disease: a review. 

J Clin Epidemiol 92;45(7):743-60. [Rec#: 50884] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

St Clair M. An unfortunate family: terminal illness and the 

altering of the attachment bond. Am J Psychother 

2000;54(4):512-8. [Rec#: 7290] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Stajduhar KI and Davies B. Death at home: challenges for 

families and directions for the future. J Palliat Care 

98;14(3):8-14. [Rec#: 15476] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stajduhar KI and Davies B. Palliative care at home: 

reflections on HIV/AIDS family caregiving experiences. 

J Palliat Care 98;14(2):14-22. [Rec#: 7294] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-208 

Stajduhar KI. Examining the perspectives of family members 

involved in the delivery of palliative care at home. J 

Palliat Care 2003;19(1):27-35. [Rec#: 15475] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Stajduhar KI. Loss and bereavement: HIV/AIDS family 

caregiving experiences. Can J Nurs Res 

97;29(4):73-86. [Rec#: 7293] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Stanley KJ. Silence is not golden: conversations with the 

dying. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2000;4(1):34-40. 

[Rec#: 7300] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stark, D., Kiely, A., Smith, G., Velikova, A., and Selby, P. 

Anxiety disorders in cancer patients: their nature, 

associations, and relations to quality of life. Journal of 

Clinical Oncology 2002;20:3137-3148. [Rec#: 50753] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stassen NA, Lukan JK, Mizuguchi NN, Spain DA, Carrillo 

EH, and Polk HC Jr. Thermal injury in the elderly: 

when is comfort care the right choice? Am Surg 

2001;67(7):704-8. [Rec#: 7306] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

State-by-state report card on care for the dying finds 

mediocre care nationwide. J Pain Palliat Care 

Pharmacother 2003;17(2):111-5. [Rec#: 15491] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Stats and facts. Costs at the end of life. Manag Care 

Interface 99;12(8):40-1. [Rec#: 7308] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stausmire JM. Sexuality at the end of life. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2004;21(1):33-9. [Rec#: 7310] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Stearns SC and Norton EC. Time to include time to death? 

The future of health care expenditure predictions. 

Health Econ 2004;13(4):315-27. [Rec#: 7314] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Stearns SC, Kovar MG, Hayes K, and Koch GG. Risk 

indicators for hospitalization during the last year of life. 

Health Serv Res 96;31(1):49-69. [Rec#: 7313] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Steel K, Ribbe M, Ahronheim J, Hedrick H, Selwyn PA, 

Forman W, and Keay T. Incorporating education on 

palliative care into the long-term care setting. National 

Consensus Conference on Medical Education for Care 

Near the End of Life. J Am Geriatr Soc 99;47(7):904-7. 

[Rec#: 15495] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Steel, K. and Whang, P. Standardized comprehensive 

assessment for end-of-life and palliative care. Journal 

of Pain & Symptom Management 2000;19(5):324-5. 

[Rec#: 50755] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Steel, K., Vitale, C., and Whang, P. Annotated bibliography 

of palliative care and end of life care. Journal of the 

American Geriatrics Society 2000;48(3):325-32. 

[Rec#: 50754] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Steele LL. The death surround: factors influencing the grief 

experience of survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum 

90;17(2):235-41. [Rec#: 7317] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Steele RG and Fitch MI. Needs of family caregivers of 

patients receiving home hospice care for cancer. Oncol 

Nurs Forum 96;23(5):823-8. [Rec#: 7321] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Steen KF. A comprehensive approach to bereavement. 

Nurse Pract 98;23(3):54,59-64,66-8. [Rec#: 7322] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Steeves RH. Loss, grief, and the search for meaning. Oncol 

Nurs Forum 96;23(6):897-903. [Rec#: 7327] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Steeves RH. The rhythms of bereavement. Fam Community 

Health 2002;25(1):1-10. [Rec#: 7328] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Steffens DC, Skoog I, Norton MC, Hart AD, Tschanz JT, 

Plassman BL, Wyse BW, Welsh-Bohmer KA, and 

Breitner JC. Prevalence of depression and its treatment 

in an elderly population: the Cache County study. Arch 

Gen Psychiatry 2000;57(6):601-7. [Rec#: 7329] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stein N, Folkman S, Trabasso T, and Richards TA. Appraisal 

and goal processes as predictors of psychological 

well-being in bereaved caregivers. J Pers Soc Psychol 

97;72(4):872-84. [Rec#: 7333] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Stein WM and Min YK. Nebulized morphine for paroxysmal 

cough and dyspnea in a nursing home resident with 

metastatic cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

97;14(2):52-6. [Rec#: 7335] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Stein, G. L. and Bonuck, K. A. Attitudes on end-of-life care 

and advance care planning in the lesbian and gay 

community. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2001;4(2):173-90. [Rec#: 50757] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-209 

Stein, G. L. and Bonuck, K. Attitudes on end-of-life care and 

advance care planning in the lesbian and gay 

community. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2001;4(2):173-190. [Rec#: 50756] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Steiner J. Pathological organizations as obstacles to 

mourning: the role of unbearable guilt. Int J Psychoanal 

90;71 ( Pt 1):87-94. [Rec#: 7338] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Steinhauser KE, Clipp EC, and Tulsky JA. Evolution in 

measuring the quality of dying. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(3):407-14. [Rec#: 15509] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Steinhauser KE, Clipp EC, McNeilly M, Christakis NA, 

McIntyre LM, and Tulsky JA. In search of a good death: 

observations of patients, families, and providers. Ann 

Intern Med 2000;132(10):825-32. [Rec#: 7342] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Stephany T. Antidepressants in hospice care. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 95;12(4):4-5. [Rec#: 15516] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stephany T. Caring for the primary caregiver. Home Healthc 

Nurse 92;10(4):39. [Rec#: 15517] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stephany T. Competency test for basic, low-tech pain 

control. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(1):10, 16. 

[Rec#: 15518] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stephany T. Hospice home health aides. Home Healthc 

Nurse 93;11(2):71. [Rec#: 15519] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stephany T. Hospice nursing in the neighborhood. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 97;14(3):119-20. [Rec#: 15520] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stephany T. Low-tech hospice home care for end-stage heart 

disease. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(3):35-6. Erratum 

in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care;1996 Nov-Dec;13(6):5. 

[Rec#: 15521] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stephany T. Low-tech hospice home care nursing guidelines. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 97;14(3):108. [Rec#: 15522] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stephany T. Low-tech nursing guidelines for hospice patients 

with degenerative neurological disease. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 97;14(6):305-6. Comment in: Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care. 1998 Jul-Aug;15(4):200-1. PMID: 

9729970. [Rec#: 15523] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stephany T. Palliative nursing care during end-stage COPD. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(5):20-1. [Rec#: 15525] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stephany T. Supplies for home care of the terminally ill. 

Home Healthc Nurse 90;8(1):53. [Rec#: 15526] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stephany T. Vacations and the hospice nurse. Home Healthc 

Nurse 91;9(2):49-50. [Rec#: 15527] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stephany TM. AIDS does not fit the cancer model of hospice 

care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 92;9(1):13-4. 

[Rec#: 15528] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stephens RL. Oncology patients and the living will. 

Oncology (Huntingt) 92;6(5):77-84; discussion 87-8. 

[Rec#: 15542] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stepnick A and Perry T. Preventing spiritual distress in the 

dying client. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 

92;30(1):17-24. [Rec#: 7352] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stepp L and Pakiz TS. Anorexia and cachexia in advanced 

cancer. Nurs Clin North Am 2001;36(4):735-44, vii. 

[Rec#: 15543] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Stern B. The grief suite. Posit Aware 2003;14(4):25-8. 

[Rec#: 15544] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stern EJ. Developing a community services model: home 

care, day care, and residential services. Pride Inst J 

Long Term Home Health Care 90;9(2):35-41. 

[Rec#: 35339] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stetz KM. Survival work: the experience of the patient and 

the spouse involved in experimental treatment for 

cancer. Semin Oncol Nurs 93;9(2):121-6. [Rec#: 7357] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Stevens L, Cook D, Guyatt G, Griffith L, Walter S, and 

McMullin J. Education, ethics, and end-of-life decisions 

in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 

2002;30(2):290-6. [Rec#: 7361] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Stevens L. When your patient is dying. Allow yourself to 

grieve. Adv Nurse Pract 97;5(3):68-9. [Rec#: 15551] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stevens MJ and Begbie SD. Hypofractionated irradiation for 

inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Australas Radiol 

95;39(3):265-70. [Rec#: 7363] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-210 

Stevens RD and Katsekas BS. Nursing the terminally ill. 

Being with people in difficult times. Home Healthc 

Nurse 99;17(8):504-9; quiz 509-10. [Rec#: 15552] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stevensen C. The role of shiatsu in palliative care. 

Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 95;1(2):51-8. 

[Rec#: 7364] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stewart AL, Teno J, Patrick DL, and Lynn J. The concept of 

quality of life of dying persons in the context of health 

care. J Pain Symptom Manage 99;17(2):93-108. 

[Rec#: 15556] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stewart BM. End-of-life family decision-making from 

disclosure of HIV through bereavement. Sch Inq Nurs 

Pract 94;8(4):321-52; discussion 353-9. [Rec#: 7368] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Stewart JM, O'Shea E, Donaldson C, and Shackley P. Do 

ordering effects matter in willingness-to-pay studies of 

health care? J Health Econ 2002;21(4):585-99. 

[Rec#: 15559] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Stewart M, Craig D, MacPherson K, and Alexander S. 

Promoting positive affect and diminishing loneliness of 

widowed seniors through a support intervention. Public 

Health Nurs 2001;18(1):54-63. [Rec#: 7369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Stewart M. Reflecting on the psychosocial care of patients 

with a terminal illness. Prof Nurse 2003;18(7):402-5. 

[Rec#: 15560] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stewart S and Horowitz JD. Home-based intervention in 

congestive heart failure: long-term implications on 

readmission and survival. Circulation 

2002;105(24):2861-6. Comment in: Circulation. 2002 

Jun 18;105(24):2810-2. PMID: 12070104. 

[Rec#: 50099] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stewart S, Vandenbroek AJ, Pearson S, and Horowitz JD. 

Prolonged beneficial effects of a home-based 

intervention on unplanned readmissions and mortality 

among patients with congestive heart failure. Arch 

Intern Med 99;159(3):257-61. Comment in: ACP J 

Club. 1999 Jul-Aug;131(1):6. [Rec#: 50101] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stewart WB. Health care. Transformation of systems and 

soul? West J Med 94;160(3):273-4. [Rec#: 15561] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stiefel F and Guex P. Palliative and supportive care: at the 

frontier of medical omnipotence. Ann Oncol 

96;7(2):135-8. Comment in: Ann Oncol. 1996 

Aug;7(6):645. PMID: 8879385. [Rec#: 15563] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stiefel R, Die Trill M, Berney A, Olarte JM, and Razavi A. 

Depression in palliative care: a pragmatic report from 

the Expert Working Group of the European Association 

for Palliative Care. Support Care Cancer 

2001;9(7):477-88. [Rec#: 15564] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Stiefel, F. and Bruera, E. Psychostimulants for 

hypoactive-hypoalert delirium? Journal of Palliative 

Care 91;7(3):25-6. [Rec#: 50758] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stiggelbout AM, de Haes JC, Kiebert GM, Kievit J, and Leer 

JW. Tradeoffs between quality and quantity of life: 

development of the QQ Questionnaire for Cancer 

Patient Attitudes. Med Decis Making 96;16(2):184-92. 

[Rec#: 7373] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stiles MK. The shining stranger: application of the 

phenomenological method in the investigation of the 

nurse--family spiritual relationship. Cancer Nurs 

94;17(1):18-26. [Rec#: 7374] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Stillman AE, Braitman LE, and Grant RJ. Are critically ill 

older patients treated differently than similarly ill 

younger patients? West J Med 98;169(3):162-5. 

[Rec#: 7375] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stjernsward J, Colleau SM, and Ventafridda V. The World 

Health Organization Cancer Pain and Palliative Care 

Program. Past, present, and future. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 96;12(2):65-72. [Rec#: 15569] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stjernsward J. Uganda: initiating a government public health 

approach to pain relief and palliative care. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;24(2):257-64. [Rec#: 15568] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stoddard S. Hospice: approaching the 21st century. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(2):27-30. [Rec#: 15571] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stoeckle ML, Doorley JE, and McArdle RM. Identifying 

compliance with end-of-life care decision protocols. 

Dimens Crit Care Nurs 98;17(6):314-21. [Rec#: 7384] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-211 

Stokes SA and Gordon SE. Common stressors experienced 

by the well elderly. Clinical implications. J Gerontol 

Nurs 2003;29(5):38-46. [Rec#: 7386] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stolick M. Dying to meet you: facing mortality and enabling 

patient styles. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(4):269-73. [Rec#: 15578] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stolick M. Overcoming the tendency to lie to dying patients. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2002;19(1):29-34. 

[Rec#: 15579] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stone C. Prescribed hydration in palliative care. Br J Nurs 

93;2(7):353-7. [Rec#: 15582] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stone P, Hardy J, Broadley K, Tookman AJ, Kurowska A, 

and A'Hern R. Fatigue in advanced cancer: a 

prospective controlled cross-sectional study. Br J 

Cancer 99;79(9-10):1479-86. [Rec#: 7388] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stone P, Phillips C, Spruyt O, and Waight C. A comparison 

of the use of sedatives in a hospital support team and in 

a hospice. Palliat Med 97;11(2):140-4. Comment in: 

Palliat Med. 1997 Nov;11(6):493-4. PMID: 9519175. 

[Rec#: 7389] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stone P, Rees E, and Hardy JR. End of life care in patients 

with malignant disease. Eur J Cancer 

2001;37(9):1070-5. [Rec#: 15584] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stooker T, van Acht JW, van Barneveld EM, van Vliet RC, 

van Hout BA, Hessing DJ, and Busschbach JJ. Costs in 

the last year of life in The Netherlands. Inquiry 

2001;38(1):73-80. [Rec#: 15586] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Storch JL and Dossetor J. Public attitudes towards end-of-life 

treatment decisions: implications for nurse clinicians 

and nursing administrators. Can J Nurs Adm 

94;7(3):65-89. [Rec#: 7391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Storey L, O'Donnell L, and Howard A. Developing palliative 

care practice in the community. Nurs Stand 

2002;17(8):40-2. [Rec#: 15587] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Storey P, Perkins F, and Loughner J. Advanced pain & 

symptom management (a case study-workshop 

discussion). Am J Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(1):30-9. 

[Rec#: 7393] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Storey P. Goals of hospice care. Tex Med 90;86(2):50-4. 

[Rec#: 15588] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Storey P. Hospice settings around the world. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 93;10(4):4-5. [Rec#: 15589] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Storey P. Social workers and volunteers at different stages of 

palliative care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 94;11(2):5-7. 

[Rec#: 15590] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Storey P. Spiritual care at the end of life. Tex Med 

2001;97(8):56-9. [Rec#: 7392] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Storey P. The vision of hospice and total pain relief. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(1):40-9. [Rec#: 15591] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Storey P. What is the role of the hospice physician? Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(6):6-7. [Rec#: 15592] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Storey P. What is the role of the hospice physician? Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 92;9(6):4-5. [Rec#: 15593] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Storey, P. Social workers and volunteers at different stages 

of palliative care. American Journal of Hospice & 

Palliative Care 94;11(2):5-7. [Rec#: 50759] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Strahan GW. An overview of home health and hospice care 

patients: 1994 National Home and Hospice Care 

Survey. Adv Data 96;(274):1-8. [Rec#: 7398] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Strahan GW. An overview of home health and hospice care 

patients: preliminary data from the 1993 National Home 

and Hospice Care Survey. Adv Data 94;(256):1-12. 

[Rec#: 7399] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Strahan GW. Overview of home health and hospice care 

patients. Preliminary data from the 1992 National Home 

and Hospice Care Survey. Adv Data 93;(235):1-12. 

[Rec#: 15594] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Strang P, Strang S, Hultborn R, and Arner S. Existential 

pain--an entity, a provocation, or a challenge? J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2004;27(3):241-50. [Rec#: 7401] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Strang S and Strang P. Questions posed to hospital chaplains 

by palliative care patients. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(6):857-64. [Rec#: 7402] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-212 

Strang VR and Koop PM. Factors which influence coping: 

home-based family caregiving of persons with advanced 

cancer. J Palliat Care 2003;19(2):107-14. [Rec#: 7403] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Strang VR, Koop PM, and Peden J. The experience of respite 

during home-based family caregiving for persons with 

advanced cancer. J Palliat Care 2002;18(2):97-104. 

[Rec#: 7404] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Strasser F and Bruera ED. Update on anorexia and cachexia. 

Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2002;16(3):589-617. 

[Rec#: 15598] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Street A and Blackford J. Communication issues for the 

interdisciplinary community palliative care team. J Clin 

Nurs 2001;10(5):643-50. [Rec#: 15602] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Street AF and Kissane DW. Constructions of dignity in 

end-of-life care. J Palliat Care 2001;17(2):93-101. 

[Rec#: 15603] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stringer S. Managing dysphagia in palliative care. Prof 

Nurse 99;14(7):489-92. [Rec#: 15606] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stroebe M and Stroebe W. Does "grief work" work? J 

Consult Clin Psychol 91;59(3):479-82. [Rec#: 7411] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Stroebe M, Stroebe W, Schut H, Zech E, and van den Bout J. 

Does disclosure of emotions facilitate recovery from 

bereavement? Evidence from two prospective studies. J 

Consult Clin Psychol 2002;70(1):169-78. [Rec#: 7412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Stroebe M, van Son M, Stroebe W, Kleber R, Schut H, and 

van den Bout J. On the classification and diagnosis of 

pathological grief. Clin Psychol Rev 2000;20(1):57-75. 

[Rec#: 15611] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stroebe MS. New directions in bereavement research: 

exploration of gender differences. Palliat Med 

98;12(1):5-12. [Rec#: 15612] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stroebe W, Stroebe M, Abakoumkin G, and Schut H. The 

role of loneliness and social support in adjustment to 

loss: a test of attachment versus stress theory. J Pers 

Soc Psychol 96;70(6):1241-9. [Rec#: 7413] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Stroud R. The withdrawal of life support in adult intensive 

care: an evaluative review of the literature. Nurs Crit 

Care 2002;7(4):176-84. [Rec#: 7418] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Stroud, R. The withdrawal of life support in adult intensive 

care: an evaluative review of the literature. Nursing in 

Critical Care 2002;7(4):176-84. [Rec#: 50760] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Stuart B. Nurse-physician communication in home care and 

hospice: a physician's point of view. Home Care Provid 

96;1(5):264-6. [Rec#: 15617] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stuart B. The NHO Medical Guidelines for Non-Cancer 

Disease and local medical review policy: hospice access 

for patients with diseases other than cancer. Hosp J 

99;14(3-4):139-54. [Rec#: 15616] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Stuart ME and Weinrich M. Beyond managing Medicaid 

costs: restructuring care. Milbank Q 98;76(2):251-80. 

[Rec#: 7425] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Stuart-Harris R. The Sacred Heart Hospice: an Australian 

centre for palliative medicine. Support Care Cancer 

95;3(5):280-4. [Rec#: 15618] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Studnicki J, Schapira DV, Straumfjord JV, Clark RA, 

Marshburn J, and Werner DC. A national profile of the 

use of intensive care by Medicare patients with cancer. 

Cancer 94;74(8):2366-73. [Rec#: 43249] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Stulginsky M. Colors of the spectrum. Hospice nursing: a 

loving practice. Nurs Spectr (Wash D C) 94;4(24):16. 

[Rec#: 15620] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Stutts JC. Veterinarians and their human clients. J Am Vet 

Med Assoc 97;210(12):1742-4. [Rec#: 15622] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Subramanian U, Fihn SD, Weinberger M, Plue L, Smith FE, 

Udris EM, McDonell MB, Eckert GJ, Temkit M, Zhou 

XH, Chen L, and Tierney WM. A controlled trial of 

including symptom data in computer-based care 

suggestions for managing patients with chronic heart 

failure. Am J Med 2004;116(6):375-84. [Rec#: 35410] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Subratty AH, Manraj M, and Baligadoo S. A new visual 

analogue scale for assessment of dyspnoea in congestive 

heart failure. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 

94;32(5):259-61. [Rec#: 35412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sugawara Y, Akechi T, Shima Y, Okuyama T, Akizuki N, 

Nakano T, and Uchitomi Y. Efficacy of 

methylphenidate for fatigue in advanced cancer patients: 

a preliminary study. Palliat Med 2002;16(3):261-3. 

[Rec#: 7430] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-213 

Sugden S, Dunbar C, and KA KA. Is there a need for an 

interactive teaching tool on pain management in cancer? 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(11):485-8. [Rec#: 15625] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Suh ES, Bartlett G, Inguanti M, and Folstad J. Evaluation of 

a pharmacist pain management education program and 

associated medication use in a palliative care 

population. Am J Health Syst Pharm 

2004;61(3):277-80. [Rec#: 7433] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sullivan AM, Lakoma MD, and Block SD. The status of 

medical education in end-of-life care: a national report. 

J Gen Intern Med 2003;18(9):685-95. Comment in: J 

Gen Intern Med. 2003 Sep;18(9):770-1. PMID: 

12950488. [Rec#: 15628] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sullivan JM and Mackey DM. Pressure ulcer care for a 

terminally ill patient being cared for at home. J Wound 

Ostomy Continence Nurs 95;22(3):153-5. [Rec#: 7434] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sullivan KE, Hebert PC, Logan J, O'Connor AM, and 

McNeely PD. What do physicians tell patients with 

end-stage COPD about intubation and mechanical 

ventilation? Chest 96;109(1):258-64. Comment in: 

Chest. 1996 Jan;109(1):11-2. PMID: 8549170. 

[Rec#: 15629] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sullivan MC. Lost in translation: how Latinos view 

end-of-life care. Plast Surg Nurs 2001;21(2):90-1. 

[Rec#: 7435] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sullivan MC. The changing order of things. Bioethics 

Forum 98;14(1):37-40. [Rec#: 15630] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sullivan MD. Hope and hopelessness at the end of life. Am J 

Geriatr Psychiatry 2003;11(4):393-405. [Rec#: 7436] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sullivan MD. Maintaining good morale in old age. West J 

Med 97;167(4):276-84. [Rec#: 7437] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sullivan MD. The illusion of patient choice in end-of-life 

decisions. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;10(4):365-72. 

Comment in: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 

Jul-Aug;10(4):362-4. PMID: 12095895. Comment in: 

Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003 Jan-Feb;11(1):113-4. 

PMID: 12527550. [Rec#: 15632] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sullivan MD. Treatment of Depression at the End of Life: 

Clinical and Ethical Issues. Semin Clin 

Neuropsychiatry 98;3(2):151-156. [Rec#: 7438] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Sullivan MF and Guntzelman J. The grieving process in 

cultural change. Health Care Superv 91;10(2):28-33. 

[Rec#: 15633] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sulmasy DP and Lynn J. End-of-life care. JAMA 

97;277(23):1854-5. Comment in: JAMA. 1997 Oct 

8;278(14):1150-1. PMID: 9326471. [Rec#: 15640] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sulmasy DP, Dwyer M, and Marx E. Do the ward notes 

reflect the quality of end-of-life care? J Med Ethics 

96;22(6):344-8. [Rec#: 15638] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Sulmasy DP. A biopsychosocial-spiritual model for the care 

of patients at the end of life. Gerontologist 2002;42 

Spec No 3:24-33. Comment in: Gerontologist. 2002 

Oct;42 Spec No 3:34-9. PMID: 12415131. 

[Rec#: 15635] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Sulmasy DP. Addressing the religious and spiritual needs of 

dying patients. West J Med 2001;175(4):251-4. 

[Rec#: 7439] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sulmasy DP. At wit's end: forgiveness, dignity, and the care 

of the dying. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16(5):335-8. 

Comment on: J Gen Intern Med. 2001 May;16(5):315-9. 

PMID: 11359550. Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2001 

May;16(5):339-41. PMID: 11359554. [Rec#: 15634] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sulzbach-Hoke LM, Kagan SH, and Craig K. Weighing 

behavior and symptom distress of clinic patients with 

CHF. Medsurg Nurs 97;6(5):288-93, 314. 

[Rec#: 35427] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Sumaya-Smith I. Caregiver/resident relationships: surrogate 

family bonds and surrogate grieving in a skilled nursing 

facility. J Adv Nurs 95;21(3):447-51. [Rec#: 7444] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Summers J. Dying patients: ethical issues and management 

perspectives. J Healthc Mater Manage 93;11(5):60-1. 

[Rec#: 7448] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sunvisson H and Ekman SL. Environmental influences on 

the experiences of people with Parkinson's disease. 

Nurs Inq 2001;8(1):41-50. [Rec#: 7456] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-214 

Super A and Plutko LA. Danger signs. Coalition points to 

causes and consequences of inadequate care of the 

dying. Health Prog 96;77(2):50-4. [Rec#: 15647] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Super A. Going one step further: skilled pain assessment and 

the art of adjuvant analgesia. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

97;14(6):279-84. [Rec#: 7457] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Super A. Improving pain management practice. A medical 

center moves beyond education to document and 

manage patient care. Health Prog 96;77(4):50-4. 

[Rec#: 15646] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

SUPPORT Principal Investigators. A controlled trial to 

improve care for seriously ill hospitalized patients. The 

study to understand prognoses and preferences for 

outcomes and risks of treatments (SUPPORT). JAMA 

95;274(20):1591-8. [Rec#: 50761] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Supportive care pathway comforts the terminally ill. Hosp 

Case Manag 98;6(4):69-72. [Rec#: 15651] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Supportive care. Curr Opin Oncol 97;9(4):B89-99. 

[Rec#: 15650] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Surtees PG and Miller PM. Partners in adversity. III. Mood 

status after the event. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin 

Neurosci 94;243(6):311-8. [Rec#: 7467] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Surtees PG and Miller PM. Partners in adversity: I. Study 

design and context. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 

93;242(4):224-32. [Rec#: 7466] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Surtees PG and Wainwright NW. Surviving adversity: event 

decay, vulnerability and the onset of anxiety and 

depressive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 

99;249(2):86-95. [Rec#: 7468] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Surtees PG. In the shadow of adversity: the evolution and 

resolution of anxiety and depressive disorder. Br J 

Psychiatry 95;166(5):583-94. Comment in: Br J 

Psychiatry. 1995 Aug;167(2):266. PMID: 7582684. 

[Rec#: 7465] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Sutcliffe J and Holmes S. Dehydration: burden or benefit to 

the dying patient? J Adv Nurs 94;19(1):71-6. 

[Rec#: 15655] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sutherland A. Gypsies and health care. West J Med 

92;157(3):276-80. [Rec#: 15657] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sutherland DD and Morgan RC. Dying and social policy in 

the new millennium. J Aging Soc Policy 

2000;11(2-3):145-55. [Rec#: 7470] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sutherland L. Island of strength. Nurs Times 

92;88(27):44-5. [Rec#: 15659] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Sutton LM, Demark-Wahnefried W, and Clipp EC. 

Management of terminal cancer in elderly patients. 

Lancet Oncol 2003;4(3):149-57. [Rec#: 7471] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Sutton PM, Khan SM, and Khan M. Cancer pain can be 

relieved. World Health Forum 90;11(2):210-3. 

[Rec#: 7472] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Sutton RB. Supporting the bereaved relative: reflections on 

the actor's experience. Med Educ 98;32(6):622-9. 

[Rec#: 15661] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Swanson EA, Maas ML, and Buckwalter KC. Alzheimer's 

residents' cognitive and functional measures: special 

and traditional care unit comparison. Clin Nurs Res 

94;3(1):27-41. [Rec#: 35449] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Swanson JW and McCrary SV. Medical futility decisions 

and physicians' legal defensiveness: the impact of 

anticipated conflict on thresholds for end-of-life 

treatment. Soc Sci Med 96;42(1):125-32. [Rec#: 7475] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Swartz RD, Perry E, Schneider C, Burdette T, Curtis G, and 

O'Neil M. The option to withdraw from chronic dialysis 

treatment. Adv Ren Replace Ther 94;1(3):264-73. 

[Rec#: 7479] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sweeney MP and Bagg J. Oral care for hospice patients with 

advanced cancer. Dent Update 95;22(10):424-7. 

[Rec#: 15671] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Sweeney MP, Bagg J, Baxter WP, and Aitchison TC. 

Clinical trial of a mucin-containing oral spray for 

treatment of xerostomia in hospice patients. Palliat Med 

97;11(3):225-32. [Rec#: 7482] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sweeney, C., Beattie-Palmer, L., Palmer, J. L., and Bruera, 

E. Changing patterns of symptom control and palliative 

care paper presentations at the annual meeting of the 

American Society of Clinical Oncology. Journal of 

Clinical Oncology 2001;19(14):3438-9. [Rec#: 50762] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-215 

Sweeting HN and Gilhooly ML. Anticipatory grief: a review. 

Soc Sci Med 90;30(10):1073-80. [Rec#: 7483] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Swisher LA, Nieman LZ, Nilsen GJ, and Spivey WH. Death 

notification in the emergency department: a survey of 

residents and attending physicians. Ann Emerg Med 

93;22(8):1319-23. [Rec#: 15675] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Sykes N and Thorns A. Sedative use in the last week of life 

and the implications for end-of-life decision making. 

Arch Intern Med 2003;163(3):341-4. [Rec#: 7488] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Sykes N and Thorns A. The use of opioids and sedatives at 

the end of life. Lancet Oncol 2003;4(5):312-8. 

[Rec#: 15677] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Sykes NP. An investigation of the ability of oral naloxone to 

correct opioid-related constipation in patients with 

advanced cancer. Palliat Med 96;10(2):135-44. 

[Rec#: 7489] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Sykes NP. Current approaches to the management of 

constipation. Cancer Surv 94;21:137-46. [Rec#: 15678] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Sykes NP. The relationship between opioid use and laxative 

use in terminally ill cancer patients. Palliat Med 

98;12(5):375-82. [Rec#: 15679] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Symons DM. Palliative response team. Can Nurse 

92;88(9):36-7. [Rec#: 15681] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Symptom management strategies for dying patients. Mich 

Nurse 2000;73(1):10-7. [Rec#: 15682] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Symptom management strategies for dying patients. Mich 

Nurse 2000;73(2):10-3; quiz 14-5. [Rec#: 15683] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Syrjala KL, Donaldson GW, Davis MW, Kippes ME, and 

Carr JE. Relaxation and imagery and 

cognitive-behavioral training reduce pain during cancer 

treatment: a controlled clinical trial. Pain 

95;63(2):189-98. [Rec#: 7491] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Taboada P and Bruera E. Ethical decision-making on 

communication in palliative cancer care: a personalist 

approach. Support Care Cancer 2001;9(5):335-43. 

Comment in: Support Care Cancer. 2001 Jul;9(5):329. 

PMID: 11497384. [Rec#: 7502] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tache S, Chapuis V, Goehring C, and Loutan L. Access to 

palliative care in Bosnia-Herzegovina: a primary care 

issue. Eur J Gen Pract 2004;10(1):31-2. [Rec#: 7504] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tada T, Hashimoto F, Matsushita Y, Terashima Y, Tanioka 

T, Nagamine I, Fujioka H, and Akiyama N. 

Investigation of QOL of hospice patients by using 

EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire. J Med Invest 

2004;51(1-2):125-31. [Rec#: 7507] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Taenzer P, Bultz BD, Carlson LE, Speca M, DeGagne T, 

Olson K, Doll R, and Rosberger Z. Impact of 

computerized quality of life screening on physician 

behaviour and patient satisfaction in lung cancer 

outpatients. Psychooncology 2000;9(3):203-13. 

[Rec#: 35469] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tait, A., Maguire, P., Faulkner, A., Brooke, M., Wilkinson, 

S., Thomson, L., and Sellwood, R. Improving 

communication skills. Nursing Times 

82;78(51):2181-4. [Rec#: 50763] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Takahashi Y. Informing a patient of malignant illness: 

commentary from a cross-cultural viewpoint. Death 

Stud 90;14(1):83-91. [Rec#: 15693] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Takkinen S and Ruoppila I. Meaning in life in three samples 

of elderly persons with high cognitive functioning. Int J 

Aging Hum Dev 2001;53(1):51-73. [Rec#: 7515] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Talerico KA. Grief & older adults. Differences, issues, and 

clinical approaches. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health 

Serv 2003;41(7):12-6. [Rec#: 7520] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Talmi YP, Bercovici M, Waller A, Horowitz Z, Adunski A, 

and Kronenberg J. Home and inpatient hospice care of 

terminal head and neck cancer patients. J Palliat Care 

97;13(1):9-14. [Rec#: 7522] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Tam LQ. Care of the dying at the John A. Burns School of 

Medicine University of Hawaii. Hawaii Med J 

96;55(12):293. [Rec#: 15702] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tamburini JK. Lessons on a minimally acceptable quality of 

life. Bioethics Forum 97;13(2):38-41. [Rec#: 7527] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tamburini M, Brunelli C, Rosso S, and Ventafridda V. 

Prognostic value of quality of life scores in terminal 

cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 

96;11(1):32-41. [Rec#: 7528] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-216 

Tamm ME. Personification of life and death among Swedish 

health care professionals. Death Stud 96;20(1):1-22. 

[Rec#: 7529] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tanaka A, Iwamoto T, Kaneyasu H, and Petrini MA. 

Thoughts and feelings of in-patients with advanced 

terminal cancer: implications for terminal care 

improvement. Nurs Health Sci 99;1(3):189-93. 

[Rec#: 7540] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Tanaka K, Shima Y, Kakinuma R, Kubota K, Ohe Y, Hojo F, 

Matsumoto T, Ohmatsu H, Goto K, Nagai K, and 

Nishiwaki Y. Effect of nebulized morphine in cancer 

patients with dyspnea: a pilot study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 

99;29(12):600-3. [Rec#: 35496] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Tanaka, K., Akechi, T., Okuyama, T., Nishiwaki, Y., and 

Uchitomi, Y. Development and validation of the cancer 

dyspnoea scale: a multidimensional, brief, self-rating 

scale. British Journal of Cancer 2000;82:800-805. 

[Rec#: 50764] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tang ST and McCorkle R. Determinants of place of death for 

terminal cancer patients. Cancer Invest 

2001;19(2):165-80. [Rec#: 15731] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Tang ST and McCorkle R. Use of family proxies in quality 

of life research for cancer patients at the end of life: a 

literature review. Cancer Invest 

2002;20(7-8):1086-104. [Rec#: 15732] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Tarrant J. Aspects of palliative care: pain management and 

hydration. Aust Nurs J 2001;8(10):suppl 1-3. 

[Rec#: 15738] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tarumi Y, Taube A, and Watanabe S. Clinical pastoral 

education: a physician's experience and reflection on the 

meaning of spiritual care in palliative care. J Pastoral 

Care Counsel 2003;57(1):27-31. [Rec#: 15740] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tarumi, Y., Watanabe, S., Bruera, E., and Ishitani, K. 

High-dose ketamine in the management of 

cancer-related neuropathic pain. Journal of Pain & 

Symptom Management 2000;19(6):405-7. 

[Rec#: 50765] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tarzian AJ, Davidson SM, and Hoffmann DE. Management 

of cancer-related and noncancer-related chronic pain in 

Connecticut: successes and failures. Conn Med 

2002;66(11):683-9. [Rec#: 7556] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tarzian AJ. Caring for dying patients who have air hunger. J 

Nurs Scholarsh 2000;32(2):137-43. [Rec#: 7555] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Tatara K. On putting life first. Lancet 95;346(8971):327-8. 

Comment on: Lancet. 1995 Aug 5;346(8971):356-9. 

PMID: 7623536. Comment in: Lancet. 1995 Oct 

7;346(8980):970-1. PMID: 7564756. [Rec#: 15742] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tate T. Palliative medicine: its content and training. Br J 

Hosp Med 90;44(2):140-1. Comment in: Br J Hosp 

Med. 1990 Oct;44(4):242. PMID: 1701105. 

[Rec#: 15744] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tattersall MH, Butow PN, and Clayton JM. Insights from 

cancer patient communication research. Hematol Oncol 

Clin North Am 2002;16(3):731-43. [Rec#: 15746] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Taube AW and Bruera E. Collegial disagreements over 

appropriate palliative care: a case study. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 99;18(1):67-71. [Rec#: 7562] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Taugher T. Helping patients search for meaning in their 

lives. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2002;6(4):239-40. 

[Rec#: 15748] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Taylor A, Box M. Multicultural Palliative Care Guidelines. 

1999;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50766] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Taylor B, Bulmer B, Hill L, Luxford C, McFarlane J, Reed J, 

and Stirling K. Exploring idealism in palliative nursing 

care through reflective practice and action research. Int 

J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(7):324-30. [Rec#: 7570] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Taylor B, Glass N, McFarlane J, and Stirling K. Views of 

nurses, patients and patients' families regarding 

palliative nursing care. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2001;7(4):186-91. [Rec#: 7571] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Taylor C. Patients' experiences of 'feeling on their own' 

following a diagnosis of colorectal cancer: a 

phenomenological approach. Int J Nurs Stud 

2001;38(6):651-61. [Rec#: 15753] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Taylor EJ and Amenta M. Midwifery to the soul while the 

body dies: spiritual care among hospice nurses. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 94;11(6):28-35. [Rec#: 7573] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-217 

Taylor EJ, Highfield MF, and Amenta M. Predictors of 

oncology and hospice nurses' spiritual care perspectives 

and practices. Appl Nurs Res 99;12(1):30-7. 

[Rec#: 7574] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Taylor J. Coping with the stress on carers. Practitioner 

90;234(1485):300-1. [Rec#: 15756] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Taylor MA. Benefits of dehydration in terminally ill patients. 

Geriatr Nurs 95;16(6):271-2. [Rec#: 15758] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Taylor P and Ferszt G. The nurse as patient advocate. 

Nursing 98;28(8):70-1. [Rec#: 15760] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Taylor PB and Ferszt GG. Spiritual healing. Holist Nurs 

Pract 90;4(4):32-8. [Rec#: 15762] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Taylor, E. J., Amenta, M., and Highfield, M. Spiritual care 

practices of oncology nurses. Oncology Nursing Forum 

95;22(1):31-9. [Rec#: 50768] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tearnan BH and Ward CH. Assessment of the terminally ill 

patient with pain: the example of cancer. Hosp J 

92;8(1-2):49-71. [Rec#: 15768] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Tecca M. Performance measurement now. Caring 

2002;21(10):32-7. [Rec#: 15770] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Teel CS, Meek P, McNamara AM, and Watson L. 

Perspectives unifying symptom interpretation. Image J 

Nurs Sch 97;29(2):175-81. [Rec#: 15772] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Teel CS. Chronic sorrow: analysis of the concept. J Adv 

Nurs 91;16(11):1311-9. [Rec#: 15771] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tehan C. The cost of caring for patients with HIV infection 

in hospice. Hosp J 91;7(1-2):41-59. [Rec#: 15774] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tempero MA. Walking a difficult path is easier with a friend. 

Thoughts from a practicing oncologist. Ann N Y Acad 

Sci 97;809:237-42. [Rec#: 15779] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Templer DI, Lavoie M, Chalgujian H, and Thomas-Dobson 

S. The measurement of death depression. J Clin 

Psychol 90;46(6):834-9. [Rec#: 7590] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Tengs TO, Adams ME, Pliskin JS, Safran DG, Siegel JE, 

Weinstein MC, and Graham JD. Five-hundred 

life-saving interventions and their cost-effectiveness. 

Risk Anal 95;15(3):369-90. Comment in: Risk Anal. 

1996 Apr;16(2):131. PMID: 8638035. [Rec#: 15783] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Teno J, Fleishman J, Brock DW, and Mor V. The use of 

formal prior directives among patients with HIV-related 

diseases. J Gen Intern Med 90;5(6):490-4. 

[Rec#: 15786] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Teno J, Lynn J, Connors AF Jr, Wenger N, Phillips RS, 

Alzola C, Murphy DP, Desbiens N, and Knaus WA. 

The illusion of end-of-life resource savings with 

advance directives. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to 

Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes 

and Risks of Treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 

97;45(4):513-8. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 

Apr;45(4):519-20. PMID: 9100724. [Rec#: 7591] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Teno J. Time: Toolkit of Instruments to Measure End-of-life 

Care. 2004;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50904] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Teno JM and Coppola KM. For every numerator, you need a 

denominator: a simple statement but key to measuring 

the quality of care of the "dying". J Pain Symptom 

Manage 99;17(2):109-13. [Rec#: 15791] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Teno JM and Lynn J. Putting advance-care planning into 

action. J Clin Ethics 96;7(3):205-13. [Rec#: 15793] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Teno JM, Byock I, and Field MJ. Research agenda for 

developing measures to examine quality of care and 

quality of life of patients diagnosed with life-limiting 

illness. J Pain Symptom Manage 99;17(2):75-82. 

[Rec#: 15789] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Teno JM, Casey VA, Welch LC, and Edgman-Levitan S. 

Patient-focused, family-centered end-of-life medical 

care: views of the guidelines and bereaved family 

members. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22(3):738-51. 

[Rec#: 15790] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Teno JM, Field MJ, and Byock I. Preface: The road taken 

and to be traveled in improving end-of-life care. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2001;22(3):713-6. [Rec#: 15792] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-218 

Teno JM, Fisher ES, Hamel MB, Coppola K, and Dawson 

NV. Medical care inconsistent with patients' treatment 

goals: association with 1-year Medicare resource use 

and survival. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(3):496-500. 

[Rec#: 43329] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Teno JM, Landrum K, and Lynn J. Defining and measuring 

outcomes in end-stage dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc 

Disord 97;11 Suppl 6:25-9. [Rec#: 7595] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Teno JM, Lynn J, Phillips RS, Murphy D, Youngner SJ, 

Bellamy P, Connors AF Jr, Desbiens NA, Fulkerson W, 

and Knaus WA. Do formal advance directives affect 

resuscitation decisions and the use of resources for 

seriously ill patients? SUPPORT Investigators. Study to 

Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes 

and Risks of Treatments. J Clin Ethics 94;5(1):23-30. 

Comment in: J Clin Ethics. 1994 Spring;5(1):55-6. 

PMID: 8003727. Comment in: J Clin Ethics. 1994 

Spring;5(1):57-60. PMID: 8003728. Comment in: J Clin 

Ethics. 1994 Spring;5(1):60-1. PMID: 8003729. 

[Rec#: 43330] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Teno JM. Palliative care teams: self-reflection - past, present, 

and future. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23(2):94-5. 

[Rec#: 15787] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Teno JM. Putting patient and family voice back into 

measuring quality of care for the dying. Hosp J 

99;14(3-4):167-76. [Rec#: 15788] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Teno, J. M., Hakim, R. B., Knaus, W. A., Wenger, N. S., 

Phillips, R. S., Wu, A. W., Layde, P., Connors, A. F. Jr., 

Dawson, N. V., and Lynn, J. Preferences for 

cardiopulmonary resuscitation: physician-patient 

agreement and hospital resource use. The SUPPORT 

Investigators. Journal of General Internal Medicine 

95;10(4):179-86. [Rec#: 50770] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Teno, J. M., Harrell, F. E. Jr., Knaus, W., Phillips, R. S., Wu, 

A. W., Connors, A. Jr., Wenger, N. S., Wagner, D., 

Galanos, A., Desbiens, N. A., and Lynn, J. Prediction of 

survival for older hospitalized patients: the HELP 

survival model. Hospitalized Elderly Longitudinal 

Project. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

2000;48(5 Suppl):S16-24. [Rec#: 50771] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Teno, J. M., Mor, V., and Fleishman, J. Preferences of 

HIV-infected patients for aggressive versus palliative 

care. New England Journal of Medicine 

91;324(16):1140. [Rec#: 50774] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Teno, J. M., Mor, V., DeSilva, D., Kabumoto, G., Roy, J., 

and Wetle, T. Use of feeding tubes in nursing home 

residents with severe cognitive impairment. JAMA 

2002;287(24):3211-2. [Rec#: 50773] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Teno, J. M., Murphy, D., Lynn, J., Tosteson, A., Desbiens, 

N., Connors, A. F. Jr., Hamel, M. B., Wu, A., Phillips, 

R., and Wenger, N. Prognosis-based futility guidelines: 

does anyone win? SUPPORT Investigators. Study to 

Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes 

and Risks of Treatment. Journal of the American 

Geriatrics Society 94;42(11):1202-7. [Rec#: 50775] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Teno, J. M., Stevens, M., Spernak, S., and Lynn, J. Role of 

written advance directives in decision making: insights 

from qualitative and quantitative data. Journal of 

General Internal Medicine 98;13(7):439-46. 

[Rec#: 50776] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Teno, J. M., Weitzen, S., Wetle, T., and Mor, V. Persistent 

pain in nursing home residents. JAMA 

2001;285(16):2081. [Rec#: 50777] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tepper D. Randomized trial of an education and support 

intervention to prevent readmission of patients with 

heart failure. Congest Heart Fail 2002;8(1):58. 

[Rec#: 50102] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Teri L. Behavioral treatment of depression in patients with 

dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 94;8 Suppl 

3:66-74. [Rec#: 35541] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Terminal care: not just pain management. Prescrire Int 

98;7(34):57-63. [Rec#: 15795] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Terminally ill patients' perception of home care. Prof Nurse 

94;10(1):52. [Rec#: 15796] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ternestedt, B. M., Andershed, B., M., Eriksson., and 

Johansson, I. A good death: Development of a nursing 

model of care. Journal of Hospice and Palliative 

Nursing 2002;4(3):153-160. [Rec#: 50778] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Terry M and Zweig S. Residents talk about end-of-life 

issues. J Long Term Care Adm 94;22(3):11-5. 

[Rec#: 7598] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-219 

Terry PB, Vettese M, Song J, Forman J, Haller KB, Miller 

DJ, Stallings R, and Sulmasy DP. End-of-life decision 

making: when patients and surrogates disagree. J Clin 

Ethics 99;10(4):286-93. Comment in: J Clin Ethics. 

2000 Fall;11(3):284. PMID: 11127643. [Rec#: 7599] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thalhuber W. Palliative care in Minnesota. Minn Med 

2000;83(5):52-3. [Rec#: 15801] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Thalhuber WH. Overcoming physician barriers to hospice 

care. Minn Med 95;78(2):18-22. [Rec#: 7608] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Thatcher N, Niven RM, and Anderson H. Aggressive vs 

nonaggressive therapy for metastatic NSCLC. Chest 

96;109(5 Suppl):87S-92S. [Rec#: 35562] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Thatcher N. The role of chemotherapy (CT) and supportive 

care (SC) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer 

(NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2002;38 Suppl 3:S71-3. 

[Rec#: 15803] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thayre K and Hadfield-Law L. Never going to be easy: 

giving bad news (continuing education credit). Nurs 

Stand 93;8(12 Suppl NU):3-8; quiz 11-3. [Rec#: 7611] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Thayre K and Hadfield-Law L. Never going to be easy: 

giving bad news. Nurs Stand 95;9(50 Suppl Nu):3-8; 

quiz 12. [Rec#: 15805] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

The SUPPORT study: can one die a "good death" in the 

hospital? Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. J 

Health Hosp Law 96;29(5):312-4. [Rec#: 15649] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Theut SK, Jordan L, Ross LA, and Deutsch SI. Caregiver's 

anticipatory grief in dementia: a pilot study. Int J Aging 

Hum Dev 91;33(2):113-8. [Rec#: 7614] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Thielemann P. Educational needs of home caregivers of 

terminally ill patients: literature review. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2000;17(4):253-7. [Rec#: 15808] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Thielemann, P. Educational needs of home caregivers of 

terminally ill patients: literature review. American 

Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 2000;17(4):253-7. 

[Rec#: 50779] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Duplicate already in the 

flow 

Thobaben M. Helping terminally ill clients experience a 

"good death". Home Care Provid 2000;5(6):202-3. 

[Rec#: 15812] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thomas D. Where there's a Will ... planning for difficult 

times. Pract Midwife 2003;6(10):24-5. [Rec#: 15814] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thomas JR and von Gunten CF. Pain in terminally ill 

patients: guidelines for pharmacological management. 

CNS Drugs 2003;17(9):621-31. [Rec#: 15817] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Thomas JR and Von Gunten CF. Treatment of dyspnea in 

cancer patients. Oncology (Huntingt) 

2002;16(6):745-50; discussion 750, 755, 758-60. 

[Rec#: 15818] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Thomas KL and Aaron GB. Hospital provides hospice are 

through palliative care service. Oncol Nurs Forum 

96;23(1):117. [Rec#: 15820] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thomas MB and Quinn C. Palliative care: rapid redesign to 

support systemwide quality improvement. J Healthc 

Qual 2002;24(1):25-9. [Rec#: 15821] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Thomas ND. The importance of culture throughout all of life 

and beyond. Holist Nurs Pract 2001;15(2):40-6. 

[Rec#: 15823] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Thomas R. Patients' perceptions of visiting: a 

phenomenological study in a specialist palliative care 

unit. Palliat Med 2001;15(6):499-504. [Rec#: 15824] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Thomas S and MacMahon D. Parkinson's disease, palliative 

care and older people: Part 1. Nurs Older People 

2004;16(1):22-6. [Rec#: 7622] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Thomas S. Community care. Lessons to be learnt. Nurs 

Times 93;89(26):38-9. [Rec#: 7621] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thomas SA, Friedmann E, Khatta M, Cook LK, and Lann 

AL. Depression in patients with heart failure: 

physiologic effects, incidence, and relation to mortality. 

AACN Clin Issues 2003;14(1):3-12. [Rec#: 35574] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Thomas Z and Bruera E. Use of methadone in a highly 

tolerant patient receiving parenteral hydromorphone. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 95;10(4):315-7. [Rec#: 7623] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Thomasma DC. Telling the truth to patients: a clinical ethics 

exploration. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 94;3(3):375-82. 

[Rec#: 7625] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-220 

Thome B, Dykes AK, and Hallberg IR. Home care with 

regard to definition, care recipients, content and 

outcome: systematic literature review. J Clin Nurs 

2003;12(6):860-72. [Rec#: 7627] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Thompson AR, Savidge MA, Fulper-Smith M, and Strode 

SW. Testing a multimedia module in cancer pain 

management. J Cancer Educ 99;14(3):161-3. 

[Rec#: 15828] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Thompson AR. The Arkansas Cancer Pain Initiative. J Ark 

Med Soc 94;90(11):536-8. [Rec#: 15827] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thompson B. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: integrating care 

for patients and their families. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

90;7(3):29-32. [Rec#: 15829] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Thompson BL, Lawson D, Croughan-Minihane M, and 

Cooke M. Do patients' ethnic and social factors 

influence the use of do-not-resuscitate orders? Ethn Dis 

99;9(1):132-9. [Rec#: 7628] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Thompson D. Toward a pharmacoeconomic model of 

neuropathic pain. Clin J Pain 2002;18(6):366-72. 

[Rec#: 15830] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Thompson G and McClement S. Defining and determining 

quality in end-of-life care. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(6):288-93. [Rec#: 15832] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Thompson G. Determining the process of providing quality 

end-of-life care to hospitalized adult medical patients: 

the perspectives of nurses. Can Oncol Nurs J 

2003;13(2):131-2. [Rec#: 7630] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thompson LM. The future of death: death in the hands of 

science. Nurs Outlook 94;42(4):175-80. [Rec#: 15834] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thompson LW, Gallagher-Thompson D, Futterman A, 

Gilewski MJ, and Peterson J. The effects of late-life 

spousal bereavement over a 30-month interval. Psychol 

Aging 91;6(3):434-41. [Rec#: 7633] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Thompson M, Rose C, Wainwright W, Mattar L, and 

Scanlan M. Activities of counsellors in a 

hospice/palliative care environment. J Palliat Care 

2001;17(4):229-35. [Rec#: 15835] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Thompson PK. St. John of the Cross and palliative care. Natl 

Cathol Bioeth Q 2002;2(2):235-41. [Rec#: 15836] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thompson PM. Communicating with dementia patients on 

hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2002;19(4):263-6. 

Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2002 

Nov-Dec;19(6):372. PMID: 12442969. [Rec#: 7634] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Thompson PM. Communicating with dementia patients on 

hospice. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 

2002;17(5):299-302. [Rec#: 7635] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Thomson GE, Hurzeler RJ, Fraunhar G, and Howe K. 

Physician Assisted Living: the PAL partner initiative. 

Conn Med 97;61(12):775-8. [Rec#: 15838] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Thomson JE and Jordan MR. Depth oriented brief therapy: 

an ideal technique as hospice lengths-of-stay continue to 

shorten. J Pastoral Care Counsel 2002;56(3):221-5. 

[Rec#: 7636] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Thomson JE. The place of spiritual well-being in hospice 

patients' overall quality of life. Hosp J 

2000;15(2):13-27. [Rec#: 15839] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Thongprasert S. Lung cancer and quality of life. Aust N Z J 

Med 98;28(3):397-9. [Rec#: 7638] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Thorne CP, Seamark DA, Lawrence C, and Gray DJ. The 

influence of general practitioner community hospitals 

on the place of death of cancer patients. Palliat Med 

94;8(2):122-8. [Rec#: 7641] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Thorns A and Gannon C. The potential role for automatic 

external defibrillators in palliative care units. Palliat 

Med 2003;17(5):465-7. Comment in: Palliat Med. 2004 

Jan;18(1):75. PMID: 14982214. [Rec#: 15842] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Thorns AR and Ellershaw JE. A survey of nursing and 

medical staff views on the use of cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation in the hospice. Palliat Med 

99;13(3):225-32. Comment in: Palliat Med. 2000 

Jan;14(1):75. PMID: 10717729. [Rec#: 15843] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Thorogood J, Bulman AS, Collins T, and Ash D. The use of 

discriminant analysis to guide palliative treatment for 

lung cancer patients. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 

92;4(1):22-6. [Rec#: 7644] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-221 

Thorpe G. Enabling more dying people to remain at home. 

BMJ 93;307(6909):915-8. [Rec#: 15846] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Thorsen AB, Yung NS, and Leung AC. Administration of 

drugs by infusion pumps in palliative medicine. Ann 

Acad Med Singapore 94;23(2):209-11. [Rec#: 15847] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Thorson JA and Powell FC. Meanings of death and intrinsic 

religiosity. J Clin Psychol 90;46(4):379-91. 

[Rec#: 7646] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Thorson JA and Powell FC. Medical students' attitudes 

towards ageing and death: a cross-sequential study. 

Med Educ 91;25(1):32-7. [Rec#: 7647] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Thulesius H, Hakansson A, and Petersson K. Balancing: a 

basic process in end-of-life cancer care. Qual Health 

Res 2003;13(10):1353-77. [Rec#: 7653] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Thulesius H, Petersson C, Petersson K, and Hakansson A. 

Learner-centred education in end-of-life care improved 

well being in home care staff: a prospective controlled 

study. Palliat Med 2002;16(4):347-54. [Rec#: 7654] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Tiernan E, Kearney M, Lynch AM, Holland N, and Pyne P. 

Effectiveness of a teaching programme in pain and 

symptom management for junior house officers. 

Support Care Cancer 2001;9(8):606-10. [Rec#: 15852] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tiernan E, O'Connor M, O'Siorain L, and Kearney M. A 

prospective study of preferred versus actual place of 

death among patients referred to a palliative care 

home-care service. Ir Med J 2002;95(8):232-5. 

Comment in: Ir Med J. 2003 Apr;96(4):120-1. PMID: 

12793479. [Rec#: 15853] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Tierney AJ, Sladden S, Anderson J, King M, Lapsley I, and 

Llewellyn S. Measuring the costs and quality of 

palliative care: a discussion paper. Palliat Med 

94;8(4):273-81. [Rec#: 15854] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tierney J and Wilson D. The effect of the Medicare 

regulations on hospice practice: enhancing staff 

performance. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 93;10(2):26-31. 

[Rec#: 15855] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tierney WM and McKinley ED. When the 

physician-researcher gets cancer: understanding cancer, 

its treatment, and quality of life from the patient's 

perspective. Med Care 2002;40(6 Suppl):III20-7. 

Comment in: Med Care. 2002 Jun;40(6 Suppl):III28-30. 

PMID: 12064754. [Rec#: 7663] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Tilden VP, Nelson CA, Dunn PM, Donius M, and Tolle SW. 

Nursing's perspective on improving communication 

about nursing home residents' preferences for medical 

treatments at end of life. Nurs Outlook 

2000;48(3):109-15. [Rec#: 15861] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tilden VP, Tolle S, Drach L, and Hickman S. Measurement 

of quality of care and quality of life at the end of life. 

Gerontologist 2002;42 Spec No 3:71-80. [Rec#: 15862] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tilden VP, Tolle SW, Drach LL, and Perrin NA. 

Out-of-Hospital Death: Advance Care Planning, 

Decedent Symptoms, and Caregiver Burden. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 2004;52(4):532-9. [Rec#: 7664] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tilden VP. Advance directives. Am J Nurs 

2000;100(12):49-51. [Rec#: 15858] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tilden, V. P., Tolle, S. W., Nelson, C. A., and Fields, J. 

Family decision-making to withdraw life-sustaining 

treatments from hospitalized patients. Nurs Res 

2001;50(2):105-15. [Rec#: 50907] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Till JE. An introduction to the framework project. Cancer 

Prev Control 97;1(3):192-5. [Rec#: 15863] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Timmins F and Kaliszer M. Aspects of nurse education 

programmes that frequently cause stress to nursing 

students -- fact-finding sample survey. Nurse Educ 

Today 2002;22(3):203-11. [Rec#: 15864] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ting SM, Li P, Lau FL, Chan YC, Chan YK, Lai PW, Choi 

K, Au A, Cheung B, and Tse CY. Acute bereavement 

care in the emergency department: does the 

professional-supported volunteers model work? Eur J 

Emerg Med 99;6(3):237-43. [Rec#: 7666] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tinnelly K, Kristjanson LJ, McCallion A, and Cousins K. 

Technology in palliative care: steering a new direction 

or accidental drift? Int J Palliat Nurs 

2000;6(10):495-500. [Rec#: 15866] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-222 

Tinsley ES, Baldwin AS, Steeves RH, Himel HN, and Edlich 

RF. Surgeons', nurses' and bereaved families' attitudes 

toward dying in the burn centre. Burns 94;20(1):79-82. 

[Rec#: 7668] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tips for helping bereaved elders. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

95;12(3):12-3. [Rec#: 7669] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tirrell SE. The cultural divide between medical providers 

and their patients--aligning two world views. Bioethics 

Forum 2001;17(3-4):24-30. [Rec#: 15867] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tishelman C, Bernhardson BM, Blomberg K, Borjeson S, 

Franklin L, Johansson E, Levealahti H, Sahlberg-Blom 

E, and Ternestedt BM. Complexity in caring for patients 

with advanced cancer. J Adv Nurs 2004;45(4):420-9. 

[Rec#: 15869] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tobin B and Cameron ID. End-of-life issues: case 1. Med J 

Aust 2001;175(8):424-5. Comment in: Med J Aust. 

2002 Jul 1;177(1):54; author reply 55. PMID: 

12088486. [Rec#: 7671] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Todd C and Still A. General practitioners' strategies and 

tactics of communication with the terminally ill. Fam 

Pract 93;10(3):268-76. [Rec#: 15871] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Todd CJ, Grande GE, Barclay SI, and Farquhar MC. General 

practitioners' and district nurses' views of hospital at 

home for palliative care. Palliat Med 2002;16(3):251-4. 

[Rec#: 15872] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Todd J and Edmonds P. Caring for patients wanting a home 

death. Practitioner 2000;244(1611):580-6. 

[Rec#: 15873] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Todd J, Rees E, Gwilliam B, and Davies A. An assessment 

of the efficacy and tolerability of a 'double dose' of 

normal-release morphine sulphate at bedtime. Palliat 

Med 2002;16(6):507-12. Comment in: Palliat Med. 

2003 Dec;17(8):721; author reply 722. PMID: 

14694927. [Rec#: 7673] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Tolle, S. W. and Girard, D. E. The physician's role in the 

events surrounding patient death. Archives of Internal 

Medicine 83;143(7):1447-9. [Rec#: 50783] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tolle, S. W., Bascom, P. B., Hickam, D. H., and Benson, J. 

A. Jr. Communication between physicians and surviving 

spouses following patient deaths. Journal of General 

Internal Medicine 86;1(5):309-14. [Rec#: 50781] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Tolle, S. W., Elliot, D. L., and Hickam, D. H. Physician 

attitudes and practices at the time of patient death. 

Archives of Internal Medicine 84;144(12):2389-91. 

[Rec#: 50782] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tolle, S. W., Hickam, D. H., and Elliot, D. L. A comparison 

of men and women physicians' management of patient 

death. Western Journal of Medicine 85;143(5):691-3. 

[Rec#: 50784] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tolley NS. Oncology social work, family systems theory, 

and workplace consultations. Health Soc Work 

94;19(3):227-30. [Rec#: 7682] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tomezak D and Quig L. Needed: a conceptual model for a 

comfortable death. Caring 94;13(5):8-9, 78-9. 

[Rec#: 7690] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tomiska M, Tomiskova M, Salajka F, Adam Z, and Vorlicek 

J. Palliative treatment of cancer anorexia with oral 

suspension of megestrol acetate. Neoplasma 

2003;50(3):227-33. [Rec#: 7691] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Tomita T and Kitamura T. Clinical and research measures of 

grief: a reconsideration. Compr Psychiatry 

2002;43(2):95-102. [Rec#: 15879] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Tom-Johnson C. Talking through grief. Nurs Times 

90;86(1):44-6. [Rec#: 7684] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Toms ME. Patients with ALS: empowerment through 

hospice care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(3):32-4. 

[Rec#: 15883] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tomsic KT. Pastoral care in the LTC setting. Just as death is 

part of life, spiritual care should be part of long-term 

care. Health Prog 2002;83(2):24-7. [Rec#: 7695] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tonelli MR. End-of-life care in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin 

Pulm Med 98;4(6):332-6. [Rec#: 7696] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tong, E., McGraw, S. A., Dobihal, E., Baggish, R., Cherlin, 

E., and Bradley, E. H. What is a good death? Minority 

and non-minority views. Journal of Palliative Medicine 

2003;19:168-175. [Rec#: 50785] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-223 

Toscani F, Borreani C, Boeri P, and Miccinesi G. Life at the 

end of life: beliefs about individual life after death and 

"good death" models - a qualitative study. Health Qual 

Life Outcomes 2003;1(1):65. [Rec#: 7704] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Toscani F. Is palliation "medicine"? Ethical and 

epistemological problems. J Palliat Care 91;7(3):33-7. 

[Rec#: 15893] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Toscani F. Overcoming professional opposition. J Palliat 

Care 90;6(4):40-2. [Rec#: 15894] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Toseland RW, McCallion P, Gerber T, and Banks S. 

Predictors of health and human services use by persons 

with dementia and their family caregivers. Soc Sci Med 

2002;55(7):1255-66. [Rec#: 35636] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tourigny SC. Patient autonomy as the prerequisite for care: 

opioids for chronic pain of non-malignant origin. 

Health Care Anal 95;3(4):345-50; discussion 350-2. 

Comment on: Health Care Anal. 1995 Feb;3(1):5-11. 

PMID: 10141140. [Rec#: 15895] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tout LR and Shama DD. A burnout instrument for hospice. 

Hosp J 90;6(4):31-8. [Rec#: 15896] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Towers A, MacDonald N, and Wallace E. Ethical issues in 

palliative care. Views of patients, families, and 

nonphysician staff. Can Fam Physician 

2003;49:1626-31. [Rec#: 15897] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Towlson K and Rubens R. Quality of life: outcome 

evaluation. J Palliat Care 92;8(3):22-4. [Rec#: 15898] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tracey J and Bramley D. The acceptability of chronic disease 

management programmes to patients, general 

practitioners and practice nurses. N Z Med J 

2003;116(1169):U331. [Rec#: 35647] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tracy SL. From here to eternity. Most of us bury our feelings 

about death. Emerg Med Serv 94;23(9):67-8. 

[Rec#: 15902] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Trainor A and Ezer H. Rebuilding life: the experience of 

living with AIDS after facing imminent death. Qual 

Health Res 2000;10(5):646-60. [Rec#: 7712] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Trauger-Querry B and Haghighi KR. Balancing the focus: art 

and music therapy for pain control and symptom 

management in hospice care. Hosp J 99;14(1):25-38. 

[Rec#: 7717] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Travers E and Grady A. Hospice at home 1: the development 

of a crisis intervention service. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(4):162-8. [Rec#: 15908] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Travis LA and Lyness JM. Minor depression. Diagnosis and 

management in primary care. Geriatrics 

2002;57(5):65-6. [Rec#: 7718] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Travis SS, Bernard M, Dixon S, McAuley WJ, Loving G, 

and McClanahan L. Obstacles to palliation and 

end-of-life care in a long-term care facility. 

Gerontologist 2002;42(3):342-9. Comment in: 

Gerontologist. 2002 Dec;42(6):877; author reply 877-8. 

PMID: 12451170. [Rec#: 7719] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Travis SS, Conway J, Daly M, and Larsen P. Terminal 

restlessness in the nursing facility: assessment, 

palliation, and symptom management. Geriatr Nurs 

2001;22(6):308-12. [Rec#: 15909] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Travis SS, Loving G, McClanahan L, and Bernard M. 

Hospitalization patterns and palliation in the last year of 

life among residents in long-term care. Gerontologist 

2001;41(2):153-60. [Rec#: 7720] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Traylor ES, Hayslip B Jr, Kaminski PL, and York C. 

Relationships between grief and family system 

characteristics: a cross lagged longitudinal analysis. 

Death Stud 2003;27(7):575-601. [Rec#: 15910] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Tremblay, A. and Breitbart, W. Psychiatric dimensions of 

palliative care. Neurology Clinics 2001;19:949-967. 

[Rec#: 50786] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tremont-Lukats, I. W., Teixeira, G. M., and Backonja, M. 

M. Systemic lidocaine and local anesthetic-type drugs 

for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic 

Reviews 2003;3. [Rec#: 50787] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Trill MD and Holland J. Cross-cultural differences in the 

care of patients with cancer. A review. Gen Hosp 

Psychiatry 93;15(1):21-30. [Rec#: 7727] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-224 

Trinkaus J and Giacalone JA. Entrepreneurial "mining" of 

the dying: viatical transactions, tax strategies and mind 

games. J Bus Ethics 2002;36(1-2):187-94. [Rec#: 7728] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Trivelpiece K and MacDonald D. Empowering the eyes and 

ears of hospice: The Aide Specialist program. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 97;14(1):17-23. [Rec#: 15919] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Trollor J. Rural general practitioners and palliative care in 

the north-west of New South Wales. Aust Fam 

Physician 95;24(6):1106-9, 1112-3. [Rec#: 7730] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tropiano P and Walsh D. Organization of services and 

nursing care: hospice and palliative medicine. Semin 

Oncol 2000;27(1):7-13. [Rec#: 15920] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Trueman C. VNA of western Pennsylvania. Raising the bar 

of excellence in home care & hospice. Caring 

2003;22(3):24-30. [Rec#: 15923] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Trueman I. Specialist palliative care in the UK: its future and 

the effects of NHS reforms. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2001;7(4):198-203. [Rec#: 15924] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Truog RD, Berde CB, Mitchell C, and Grier HE. Barbiturates 

in the care of the terminally ill. N Engl J Med 

92;327(23):1678-82. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1993 

May 6;328(18):1350-1. PMID: 7682291. Comment in: 

N Engl J Med. 1993 May 6;328(18):1350; author reply 

1351. PMID: 7682289. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 

1993 May 6;328(18):1350; author reply 1351. PMID: 

7682290. [Rec#: 7737] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tsay SL and Chao YF. Effects of perceived self-efficacy and 

functional status on depression in patients with chronic 

heart failure. J Nurs Res 2002;10(4):271-8. 

[Rec#: 35677] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Tsuchihashi M, Tsutsui H, Kodama K, Kasagi F, Setoguchi 

S, Mohr M, Kubota T, and Takeshita A. Medical and 

socioenvironmental predictors of hospital readmission 

in patients with congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 

2001;142(4):E7. [Rec#: 50103] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Tsuyuki RT, Shibata MC, Nilsson C, and Hervas-Malo M. 

Contemporary burden of illness of congestive heart 

failure in Canada. Can J Cardiol 2003;19(4):436-8. 

[Rec#: 50104] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tucakovic M, Bascom R, and Bascom PB. Pulmonary 

medicine and palliative care. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet 

Gynaecol 2001;15(2):291-304. [Rec#: 7744] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tuch H, Parrish P, and Romer AL. Integrating palliative care 

into nursing homes. J Palliat Med 2003;6(2):297-309. 

[Rec#: 15934] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tuch H. Commentary on "Lower respiratory infections in 

nursing home residents with dementia: a tale of two 

countries": dying in the nursing home. Gerontologist 

2003;43 Spec No 2:94-5. Comment on: Gerontologist. 

2003 Apr;43 Spec No 2:85-93. PMID: 12711728. 

[Rec#: 7745] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tucker DA. Working with the patient designated "Do not 

resuscitate"--how the nurse copes. Focus Crit Care 

92;19(1):35-40. [Rec#: 7747] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tucker PL. Communication improves care for terminally ill 

residents. Provider 92;18(2):42. [Rec#: 15935] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tucker TL. Family presence during resuscitation. Crit Care 

Nurs Clin North Am 2002;14(2):177-85. [Rec#: 15936] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tudiver F, Hilditch J, and Permaul JA. A comparison of 

psychosocial characteristics of new widowers and 

married men. Fam Med 91;23(7):501-5. [Rec#: 7750] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tudiver F, Permaul-Woods JA, Hilditch J, Harmina J, and 

Saini S. Do widowers use the health care system 

differently? Does intervention make a difference? Can 

Fam Physician 95;41:392-400. [Rec#: 7751] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tuffrey-Wijne I. The palliative care needs of people with 

intellectual disabilities: a literature review. Palliat Med 

2003;17(1):55-62. [Rec#: 7754] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Tully J. Grief and loss. 'I'm not myself anymore'. Aust Fam 

Physician 2003;32(9):697-700. [Rec#: 15937] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tulsky JA, Chesney MA, and Lo B. How do medical 

residents discuss resuscitation with patients? J Gen 

Intern Med 95;10(8):436-42. [Rec#: 7755] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-225 

Tulsky, J. A., Fischer, G. S., Rose, M. R., and Arnold, R. M. 

Opening the black box: how do physicians 

communicate about advance directives? Annals of 

Internal Medicine 98;129(6):441-9. [Rec#: 50788] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tunnicliffe R and Briggs D. Introducing a bereavement 

support programme in ICU. Nurs Stand 

97;11(47):38-40. [Rec#: 15941] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Turk DC and Feldman CS. Facilitating the use of 

noninvasive pain management strategies with the 

terminally ill. Hosp J 92;8(1-2):193-214. [Rec#: 15945] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Turk DC and Feldman CS. Noninvasive approaches to pain 

control in terminal illness: the contribution of 

psychological variables. Hosp J 92;8(1-2):1-23. 

[Rec#: 15946] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Turk DC. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 

treatments for patients with chronic pain. Clin J Pain 

2002;18(6):355-65. [Rec#: 15943] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Turkoski B and Lance B. The use of guided imagery with 

anticipatory grief. Home Healthc Nurse 

96;14(11):878-88. [Rec#: 7762] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Turner G. Oral care for patients who are terminally ill 

(continuing education credit). Nurs Stand 

94;8(41):49-54; quiz 55-6. [Rec#: 15949] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Turner JA. Nursing care of the terminal lung cancer patient. 

Nurs Clin North Am 92;27(3):691-702. [Rec#: 35699] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Turner NJ, Haward RA, Mulley GP, and Selby PJ. Cancer in 

old age--is it inadequately investigated and treated? 

BMJ 99;319(7205):309-12. [Rec#: 7767] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Turner P. Palliative care. Caring more, doing less. Nurs 

Times 96;92(34):59-61. [Rec#: 15952] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Turner R, Clark J, Root T, McElligott L, and Hardy J. An 

audit of morphine prescribing in a specialist cancer 

hospital. Palliat Med 94;8(1):5-10. [Rec#: 15953] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Turner SL, Higby D, and Rososky J. Reasons for exceeding 

average length of stay in the terminal patient: one 

center's experience. Prog Clin Biol Res 90;339:449-54. 

[Rec#: 15955] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Turvey CL, Klein DM, Pies CJ, and Arndt S. Attitudes about 

impairment and depression in elders suffering from 

chronic heart failure. Int J Psychiatry Med 

2003;33(2):117-32. [Rec#: 35702] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tuttas CA. The facts of end-of-life care. J Nurs Care Qual 

2002;16(2):10-6. [Rec#: 15956] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Twaddle M. The meaning of palliative care for the 

professional caregiver. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;23(1):57-8. Comment on: J Pain Symptom 

Manage. 2002 Jan;23(1):54-7. PMID: 11779669. 

[Rec#: 15957] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Twaddle ML, Sheehan M, and Romer AL. Filling the gaps in 

service for patients who need supportive care. J Palliat 

Med 2003;6(1):117-27. [Rec#: 15959] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Twaddle ML. The process of dying and managing the death 

event. Prim Care 2001;28(2):329-38. [Rec#: 15958] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Twycross RG. Palliative care: an international necessity. J 

Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2002;16(1):61-79. 

[Rec#: 15962] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Twycross RG. The challenge of palliative care. Int J Clin 

Oncol 2002;7(4):271-8. [Rec#: 15961] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Twycross RG. Why palliative medicine? Henry Ford Hosp 

Med J 91;39(2):77-80. [Rec#: 15963] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tyler J. Nonverbal communication and the use of art in the 

care of the dying. Palliat Med 98;12(2):123-6. 

[Rec#: 7771] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Tyler PA and Ellison RN. Sources of stress and 

psychological well-being in high-dependency nursing. J 

Adv Nurs 94;19(3):469-76. [Rec#: 7772] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tyler PA, Carroll D, and Cunningham SE. Stress and 

well-being in nurses: a comparison of the public and 

private sectors. Int J Nurs Stud 91;28(2):125-30. 

[Rec#: 15965] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Tyni-Lenne R, Dencker K, Gordon A, Jansson E, and Sylven 

C. Comprehensive local muscle training increases 

aerobic working capacity and quality of life and 

decreases neurohormonal activation in patients with 

chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2001;3(1):47-52. 

[Rec#: 35708] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-226 

Tyni-Lenne R, Gordon A, and Sylven C. Improved quality of 

life in chronic heart failure patients following local 

endurance training with leg muscles. J Card Fail 

96;2(2):111-7. [Rec#: 35712] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Tyrer S. Psychiatric assessment of chronic pain. Br J 

Psychiatry 92;160:733-41. Comment in: Br J 

Psychiatry. 1992 Sep;161:422. PMID: 1393323. 

[Rec#: 7773] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Tzidkiahu T, Sazbon L, and Solzi P. Characteristic reactions 

of relatives of post-coma unawareness patients in the 

process of adjusting to loss. Brain Inj 94;8(2):159-65. 

[Rec#: 7777] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

U.S. end-of-life care gets a (barely) passing grade. 

Healthcare Benchmarks Qual Improv 2003;10(1):9-10. 

[Rec#: 15968] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

U.S. Preventive Services Task Forces. Screening for 

Depression: Recommendations and Rationale. 

2000;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50789] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ubel PA, Loewenstein G, Scanlon D, and Kamlet M. Value 

measurement in cost-utility analysis: explaining the 

discrepancy between rating scale and person trade-off 

elicitations. Health Policy 98;43(1):33-44. [Rec#: 7780] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ubel PA. How stable are people's preferences for giving 

priority to severely ill patients? Soc Sci Med 

99;49(7):895-903. [Rec#: 7779] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ufema J. Communication: let your patients lead you. 

Nursing 2002;32(10):28. [Rec#: 15972] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ufema J. Death & dying. Nursing 90;20(5):22-5. 

[Rec#: 15973] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ufema J. Helping loved ones say good-bye. Nursing 

91;21(10):42-3. Comment in: Nursing. 1991 

Dec;21(12):4, 6. PMID: 1749548. [Rec#: 15974] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ufema J. It takes more than knowledge: it takes 

assertiveness. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 91;8(1):3-4. 

Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 1992 

Jan-Feb;9(1):12. PMID: 1637377. [Rec#: 15977] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ufema J. Pain control survey results: not good. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 92;9(1):11-2. [Rec#: 15980] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ufema J. Pain Management. Worlds apart. Nursing 

98;28(9):20, 22. [Rec#: 15981] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ufema J. Reflections on death and dying. Nursing 

99;29(6):56-9. [Rec#: 15982] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ufema J. Terminal illness: nothing more we can do? 

Nursing 2002;32(10):28, 30. [Rec#: 15983] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ullman T. The 'hidden' victims of Alzheimer's disease. FDA 

Consum 2003;37(4):40. [Rec#: 15986] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Understanding costs and cost-effectiveness in critical care: 

report from the second American Thoracic Society 

workshop on outcomes research. Am J Respir Crit Care 

Med 2002;165(4):540-50. [Rec#: 15991] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

United Hospital Fund. The Challenge of Caring for Patients 

Near the End-of-Life: Findings from the Hospital 

Palliative Care Initiative. 1998;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50790] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

University of York NHS Centre for Reviews. Dissemination, 

Management of lung cancer. Effective Health Care 

98;4(3):12. [Rec#: 50844] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

University of York. Dessemination, Informing, 

communicating and sharing decisions with people who 

have cancer. Effective Health Care 2000;6(6):8. 

[Rec#: 50850] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Urba SG. Nonpharmacologic pain management in terminal 

care. Clin Geriatr Med 96;12(2):301-11. [Rec#: 15995] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ury WA, Rahn M, Tolentino V, Pignotti MG, Yoon J, 

McKegney P, and Sulmasy DP. Can a pain management 

and palliative care curriculum improve the opioid 

prescribing practices of medical residents? J Gen Intern 

Med 2002;17(8):625-31. [Rec#: 7804] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Uzych L. End-of-life decision making and developing 

international law. Pa Med 94;97(10):16-8. 

[Rec#: 16002] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Vaccarino V, Chen YT, Wang Y, Radford MJ, and 

Krumholz HM. Sex differences in the clinical care and 

outcomes of congestive heart failure in the elderly. Am 

Heart J 99;138(5 Pt 1):835-42. [Rec#: 50105] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-227 

Vachon ML, Kristjanson L, and Higginson I. Psychosocial 

issues in palliative care: the patient, the family, and the 

process and outcome of care. J Pain Symptom Manage 

95;10(2):142-50. [Rec#: 16007] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Vachon ML. Caring for the caregiver in oncology and 

palliative care. Semin Oncol Nurs 98;14(2):152-7. 

[Rec#: 16003] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Vachon ML. Psychosocial needs of patients and families. J 

Palliat Care 98;14(3):49-56. [Rec#: 16004] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Vachon ML. Staff stress in hospice/palliative care: a review. 

Palliat Med 95;9(2):91-122. [Rec#: 16006] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Vachon, M. S. Staff stress in hospice/palliative care: a 

review. Palliative Medicine 95;9:91-122. [Rec#: 50791] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Vader B, Wrubel B, and Vader M. Death, dying, and the 

patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 

Clin Podiatr Med Surg 92;9(4):993-6. [Rec#: 16008] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Vafiadis P. Palliative care. Aust Fam Physician 97;26 Suppl 

2:S110-1. [Rec#: 16009] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Vainio A. Treatment of terminal cancer pain in Finland: a 

second look. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 92;36(1):89-95. 

[Rec#: 16010] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Vainio A. Treatment of terminal cancer pain in France: a 

questionnaire study. Pain 95;62(2):155-62. 

[Rec#: 16011] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Valente SM, Saunders JM, and Cohen MZ. Evaluating 

depression among patients with cancer. Cancer Pract 

94;2(1):65-71. [Rec#: 16017] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Valente SM. End-of-life issues. Geriatr Nurs 

2001;22(6):294-8. [Rec#: 16014] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Valente, S. M. and Saunders, J. M. Diagnosis and treatment 

of major depression among patients with cancer. 

Cancer Nursing 97;10(168-177). [Rec#: 50792] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Valentinuzzi ME. The dignity of life and death and the 

power of music. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 

2001;24(5):891-2. [Rec#: 16019] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Vamos M. Survivor guilt and chronic illness. Aust N Z J 

Psychiatry 97;31(4):592-6. [Rec#: 7819] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

van Baarsen B. Theories on coping with loss: the impact of 

social support and self-esteem on adjustment to 

emotional and social loneliness following a partner's 

death in later life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 

2002;57(1):S33-42. [Rec#: 7821] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

van Boxell P, Anderson K, and Regnard C. The effectiveness 

of palliative care education delivered by 

videoconferencing compared with face-to-face delivery. 

Palliat Med 2003;17(4):344-58. [Rec#: 16021] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

van den Bent-Kelly D. Communication breakdown. Nursing 

(Lond) 91;4(40):12-4. [Rec#: 16023] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

van den Berg JP, Kalmijn S, Lindeman E, Wokke JH, and 

van den Berg LH. Rehabilitation care for patients with 

ALS in The Netherlands. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 

Other Motor Neuron Disord 2003;4(3):186-90. 

[Rec#: 16024] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Van den Eynden B, Hermann I, Schrijvers D, Van Royen P, 

Maes R, Vermeulen L, Herweyers K, Smits W, 

Verhoeven A, Clara R, and Denekens J. Factors 

determining the place of palliative care and death of 

cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2000;8(1):59-64. 

[Rec#: 7828] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

van der Poel CJ. Ethical aspects in palliative care. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 96;13(3):49-55. [Rec#: 16026] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

van der Steen JT, Ooms ME, Mehr DR, van der Wal G, and 

Ribbe MW. Severe dementia and adverse outcomes of 

nursing home-acquired pneumonia: evidence for 

mediation by functional and pathophysiological decline. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(3):439-48. Comment in: J 

Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 May;51(5):721. PMID: 

12752853. [Rec#: 7833] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-228 

van der Steen JT, Ooms ME, Ribbe MW, and van der Wal G. 

Decisions to treat or not to treat pneumonia in demented 

psychogeriatric nursing home patients: evaluation of a 

guideline. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 

2001;15(3):119-28. Comment in: Alzheimer Dis Assoc 

Disord. 2001 Jul-Sep;15(3):118. PMID: 11522928. 

Erratum in: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2002 

Jan-Mar;16(1):48. [Rec#: 7834] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

van Dongen E. Paradise regained: how elderly people who 

are chronically mentally ill reinvent a social self. Med 

Anthropol 2001;19(4):383-409. Comment in: Med 

Anthropol. 2001;19(4):411-3. PMID: 11800321. 

[Rec#: 7840] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

van Dongen RT, Crul BJ, and van Egmond J. Intrathecal 

coadministration of bupivacaine diminishes morphine 

dose progression during long-term intrathecal infusion 

in cancer patients. Clin J Pain 99;15(3):166-72. 

[Rec#: 7842] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Van Doren ES, Bowman J, Landstrom GL, and Graves SY. 

Structure and process variables affecting outcomes for 

heart failure clients. Lippincotts Case Manag 

2004;9(1):21-6. [Rec#: 50106] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

van Eijk JT and de Haan M. Care for the chronically ill: the 

future role of health care professionals and their 

patients. Patient Educ Couns 98;35(3):233-40. 

[Rec#: 16035] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Van Gossum A. Clinical profile of home parenteral nutrition 

patients. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 95;58(5-6):366-9. 

[Rec#: 7846] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

van Grootheest DS, Beekman AT, Broese van Groenou MI, 

and Deeg DJ. Sex differences in depression after 

widowhood. Do men suffer more? Soc Psychiatry 

Psychiatr Epidemiol 99;34(7):391-8. [Rec#: 7847] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

van Hooft S. Pain and communication. Med Health Care 

Philos 2003;6(3):255-62. [Rec#: 16036] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Van Loon RA. Desire to die in terminally ill people: a 

framework for assessment and intervention. Health Soc 

Work 99;24(4):260-8. [Rec#: 16039] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

van Ooijen E. One minute wisdom. We must stop feeling so 

embarrassed and awkward about death. Nurs Stand 

95;9(19):43. [Rec#: 16043] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

van Staa AL, Visser A, and van der Zouwe N. Caring for 

caregivers: experiences and evaluation of interventions 

for a palliative care team. Patient Educ Couns 

2000;41(1):93-105. [Rec#: 7853] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Van Tilburg E. Being at the bedside of dying patients. 

CHAC Rev 95;23(1):19-22. [Rec#: 16048] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Van Tilburg E. Meditation and palliative care. CHAC Rev 

91;19(2):9-12. [Rec#: 16049] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

van Vliet RC and Lamers LM. The high costs of death: 

should health plans get higher payments when members 

die? Med Care 98;36(10):1451-60. [Rec#: 7854] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

van Weel C and Michels J. Dying, not old age, to blame for 

costs of health care. Lancet 97;350(9085):1159-60. 

Comment in: Lancet. 1998 Jan 10;351(9096):140-1. 

PMID: 9439517. [Rec#: 7858] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

van Weel C. Teamwork. Lancet 94;344(8932):1276-9. 

[Rec#: 16050] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

van Zyl MA. Coping with death. Nurs RSA 93;8(9):22, 

24-5. [Rec#: 16051] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

VandeCreek L, Frankowski D, and Johnson M. Variables 

that predict interest in and the completion of living 

wills. J Pastoral Care 95;49(2):212-20. [Rec#: 7862] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

VandeKieft GK, Ogle KS, and Wang T. Internet resources 

for end-of-life care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(5):313-20. [Rec#: 16055] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

VandeKieft GK. Breaking bad news. Am Fam Physician 

2001;64(12):1975-8. Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 

2001 Dec 15;64(12):1946, 1948. PMID: 11775761. 

Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 2002 Oct 

1;66(7):1155. PMID: 12387428. [Rec#: 16054] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Vanezis M and McGee A. Mediating factors in the grieving 

process of the suddenly bereaved. Br J Nurs 

99;8(14):932-7. [Rec#: 16056] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-229 

Vanezis P and Leadbeatter S. Next of kin clinics: a new role 

for the pathologist. J Clin Pathol 99;52(10):723-4. 

Comment in: J Clin Pathol. 2000 Aug;53(8):646. PMID: 

11002779. Comment in: J Clin Pathol. 2001 

Jun;54(6):495. PMID: 11376031. [Rec#: 16057] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

VanGeest JB. Process evaluation of an educational 

intervention to improve end-of-life care: the Education 

for Physicians on End-of-Life Care (EPEC) program. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001;18(4):233-8. 

[Rec#: 16058] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Vansteenkiste JF, Simons JP, Wouters EF, and Demedts MG. 

Hormonal treatment in advanced non-small cell lung 

cancer: fact or fiction? Eur Respir J 96;9(8):1707-12. 

[Rec#: 35806] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Vargo B and Osnes J. Help is on the way. Caring 

2002;21(10):6-8. [Rec#: 16064] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Vassallo BM. The spiritual aspects of dying at home. Holist 

Nurs Pract 2001;15(2):17-29. [Rec#: 16066] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Vassilas CA and Donaldson J. Telling the truth: what do 

general practitioners say to patients with dementia or 

terminal cancer? Br J Gen Pract 98;48(428):1081-2. 

Comment in: Br J Gen Pract. 1998 Jun;48(431):1343-4. 

PMID: 9747558. [Rec#: 16067] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Vazquez E. Hospice living. Posit Aware 96;7(2):16-9. 

[Rec#: 16069] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Veatch RM and Veatch LL. Hospital roommates: an 

interview with a terminally ill patient. Camb Q Healthc 

Ethics 94;3(1):71-80. [Rec#: 7873] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Vendlinski S and Kolcaba KY. Comfort care: a framework 

for hospice nursing. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

97;14(6):271-6. [Rec#: 7876] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Venneri A, Shanks MF, Staff RT, and Della Sala S. 

Nurturing syndrome: a form of pathological 

bereavement with delusions in Alzheimer's disease. 

Neuropsychologia 2000;38(2):213-24. [Rec#: 7877] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Venning M. Helping people to die at home. Aust Nurses J 

90;20(2):17-9. [Rec#: 16073] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ventafridda V, de Conno F, and Blumhuber H. Palliative 

care in Europe. J Pain Symptom Manage 

93;8(6):369-71. [Rec#: 16075] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ventafridda V, Ripamonti C, Caraceni A, Spoldi E, Messina 

L, and De Conno F. The management of inoperable 

gastrointestinal obstruction in terminal cancer patients. 

Tumori 90;76(4):389-93. [Rec#: 7880] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Ventafridda V. Palliative care: a new reality in medicine. 

Recent Results Cancer Res 91;121:393-8. 

[Rec#: 16074] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ventafridda, V., De Conno, F., Vigano, A., Ripamonti, C., 

Gallucci, M., and Gamba, A. Comparison of home and 

hospital care of advanced cancer patients. Tumori 

89;75(6):619-25. [Rec#: 50793] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Ventafridda, V., Ripamonti, C., De Conno, F., Bianchi, M., 

Pazzuconi, F., and Panerai, A. E. Antidepressants 

increase bioavailability of morphine in cancer patients. 

Lancet 87;1(8543):1204. [Rec#: 50794] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Ventafridda, V., Saita, L., Ripamonti, C., and De Conno, F. 

WHO guidelines for the use of analgesics in cancer 

pain. International Journal of Tissue Reactions 

85;7(1):93-6. [Rec#: 50795] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ventres WB. Communicating about resuscitation: problems 

and prospects. J Am Board Fam Pract 93;6(2):137-41. 

Comment in: J Am Board Fam Pract. 1993 

Mar-Apr;6(2):191-3. PMID: 8452072. [Rec#: 16076] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Verdery RB. 'Wasting away' of the old old: can it--and 

should it--be treated? Geriatrics 90;45(6):26-31. 

[Rec#: 7890] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Vergara M and Lynn-McHale DJ. Ethical issues: 

withdrawing life support: who decides? Am J Nurs 

95;95(11):47-9. [Rec#: 7891] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Verheul K. Assessing chronic pain in cognitively impaired 

elderly adults. Nursingconnections 2000;13(2):19-24. 

[Rec#: 7893] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Verres R. Straight talking about cancer. Duty or danger? 

Ann N Y Acad Sci 97;809:367-81. [Rec#: 16080] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Viatical proceeds tax-free if individuals qualify. Oncology 

(Huntingt) 97;11(2):266-7. [Rec#: 16082] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-230 

Vibarel N, Hayot M, Ledermann B, Messner Pellenc P, 

Ramonatxo M, and Prefaut C. Effect of aerobic exercise 

training on inspiratory muscle performance and 

dyspnoea in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J 

Heart Fail 2002;4(6):745-51. [Rec#: 35843] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Vickio CJ. Together in spirit: keeping our relationships alive 

when loved ones die. Death Stud 99;23(2):161-75. 

[Rec#: 16084] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Victoroff J, Mack WJ, and Nielson KA. Psychiatric 

complications of dementia: impact on caregivers. 

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 98;9(1):50-5. 

[Rec#: 35845] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Victoroff J, Nielson K, and Mungas D. Caregiver and 

clinician assessment of behavioral disturbances: the 

California Dementia Behavior Questionnaire. Int 

Psychogeriatr 97;9(2):155-74. [Rec#: 35846] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Viederman M. An artist's defense against the fear of loss of 

creativity toward the end of life. Psychoanal Q 

95;64(4):691-8. [Rec#: 16086] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Vielhaber A and Portenoy RK. Advances in cancer pain 

management. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 

2002;16(3):527-41. [Rec#: 16087] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Vig EK and Pearlman RA. Quality of life while dying: a 

qualitative study of terminally ill older men. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 2003;51(11):1595-601. [Rec#: 7906] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Vig EK, Davenport NA, and Pearlman RA. Good deaths, bad 

deaths, and preferences for the end of life: a qualitative 

study of geriatric outpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2002;50(9):1541-8. [Rec#: 7905] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Vigano A, Bruera E, and Suarez-Almazor ME. Terminal 

cancer syndrome: myth or reality? J Palliat Care 

99;15(4):32-9. Comment in: J Palliat Care. 2000 

Summer;16(2):59-60. PMID: 10887736. [Rec#: 7907] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Vigano A, Watanabe S, and Bruera E. Anorexia and cachexia 

in advanced cancer patients. Cancer Surv 94;21:99-115. 

[Rec#: 16089] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Vigano, A., Fan, D., and Bruera, E. Individualized use of 

methadone and opioid rotation in the comprehensive 

management of cancer pain associated with poor 

prognostic indicators. Pain 96;67(1):115-9. 

[Rec#: 50797] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Vigano, A., Watanabe, S., and Bruera, E. Methylphenidate 

for the management of somatization in terminal cancer 

patients. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

95;10(2):167-70. [Rec#: 50798] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Viitasalo V, Nissinen A, Kivinen P, and Takala J. The last 

year of life: mortality, cause of death and need for help 

among old men. Scand J Soc Med 96;24(2):132-9. 

[Rec#: 43509] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Villarruel, A. M. and Ortiz de Montellano, B. O. Culture and 

pain: a Mesoamerican perspective. Advances in 

Nursing Science 92;15(1):21-32. [Rec#: 50799] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Vinkers DJ, Gussekloo J, Stek ML, Westendorp RG, and 

Van Der Mast RC. The 15-item Geriatric Depression 

Scale (GDS-15) detects changes in depressive 

symptoms after a major negative life event. The Leiden 

85-plus Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2004;19(1):80-4. [Rec#: 7913] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Viola RA, Wells GA, and Peterson J. The effects of fluid 

status and fluid therapy on the dying: a systematic 

review. J Palliat Care 97;13(4):41-52. [Rec#: 7914] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Virani R and Sofer D. Improving the quality of end-of-life 

care. Am J Nurs 2003;103(5):52-60; quiz 61. Comment 

in: Am J Nurs. 2003 Aug;103(8):13; author reply 13. 

PMID: 12920707. [Rec#: 7918] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Virik K and Glare P. Pain management in palliative care. 

Reviewing the issues. Aust Fam Physician 

2000;29(11):1027-33. [Rec#: 7920] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Virmani J, Schneiderman LJ, and Kaplan RM. Relationship 

of advance directives to physician-patient 

communication. Arch Intern Med 94;154(8):909-13. 

[Rec#: 7922] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Virnig BA, Fisher ES, McBean AM, and Kind S. Hospice 

use in Medicare managed care and fee-for-service 

systems. Am J Manag Care 2001;7(8):777-86. 

Comment in: Am J Manag Care. 2001 Aug;7(8):831-3. 

PMID: 11519241. [Rec#: 7923] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-231 

Virnig BA, Kind S, McBean M, and Fisher E. Geographic 

variation in hospice use prior to death. J Am Geriatr 

Soc 2000;48(9):1117-25. [Rec#: 7924] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Virnig BA, Marshall McBean A, Kind S, and Dholakia R. 

Hospice use before death: variability across cancer 

diagnoses. Med Care 2002;40(1):73-8. Comment in: 

Med Care. 2002 Dec;40(12):1301-2. PMID: 12458311. 

[Rec#: 7925] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Virnig BA, Persily NA, Morgan RO, and DeVito CA. Do 

Medicare HMOs and Medicare FFS differ in their use of 

the Medicare hospice benefit? Hosp J 99;14(1):1-12. 

[Rec#: 7926] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Visser A, van Leeuwen AF, Voogt E, van der Heide A, and 

van der Rijt K. Clinical decision-making at the end of 

life: the role of the patient's wish. Patient Educ Couns 

2003;50(3):263-4. [Rec#: 7929] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Viswanathan R. Death anxiety, locus of control, and purpose 

in life of physicians. Their relationship to patient death 

notification. Psychosomatics 96;37(4):339-45. 

[Rec#: 7930] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Vitetta L, Kenner D, Kissane D, and Sali A. Clinical 

outcomes in terminally ill patients admitted to hospice 

care: diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. J Palliat 

Care 2001;17(2):69-77. [Rec#: 7932] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Vittone SB. Ethics in the ICU. Crit Care Nurs Clin North 

Am 2002;14(2):157-63, viii. [Rec#: 16101] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Vladeck BC. From the Health Care Financing 

Administration. JAMA 95;274(6):449. [Rec#: 16102] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Vogel W and Peterson LE. A variant of guided exposure to 

mourning for use with treatment resistant patients. J 

Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 91;22(3):217-9. 

[Rec#: 7938] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Vogelzang JL. Quality end-of-life care: where does nutrition 

fit? Home Healthc Nurse 2001;19(2):110-2. 

[Rec#: 16105] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Vogelzang, N. J., Breitbart, W., Cella, D., Curt, G. A., 

Groopman, J. E., Horning, S. J., Itri, L. M., Johnson, D. 

H., Scherr, S. L., and Portenoy, R. K. Patient, caregiver, 

and oncologist perceptions of cancer-related fatigue: 

results of a tripart assessment survey. The Fatigue 

Coalition. Seminars in Hematology 97;34(3 Suppl 2):4-

12. [Rec#: 50800] 

In abstract review process 

Vogl, D., Rosenfeld, B., Breitbart, W., Thaler, H., Passik, S., 

McDonald, M., and Portenoy, R. K. Symptom 

prevalence, characteristics, and distress in AIDS 

outpatients. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

99;18(4):253-62. [Rec#: 50801] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Volicer L, Volicer BJ, and Hurley AC. Is hospice care 

appropriate for Alzheimer patients? Caring 

93;12(11):50-5. [Rec#: 7950] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Volicer L. End-of-life care and bereavement: effect on 

family carers. Lancet Neurol 2004;3(3):144. 

[Rec#: 7945] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Volicer L. Management of severe Alzheimer's disease and 

end-of-life issues. Clin Geriatr Med 2001;17(2):377-91. 

[Rec#: 7946] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Volicer, L. and Ganzini, L. Health professionals' views on 

standards for decision-making capacity regarding 

refusal of medical treatment in mild Alzheimer's 

disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

2003;51(9):1270-4. [Rec#: 50803] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Volicer, L. and Hurley, A. C. Impact of dementia special 

care units: resource use and outcomes. Gerontologist 

95;35(5):581-2. [Rec#: 50804] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Volicer, L., Cantor, M. D., Derse, A. R., Edwards, D. M., 

Prudhomme, A. M., Gregory, D. C., Reagan, J. E., 

Tulsky, J. A., Fox, E., and National Ethics Committee 

Of The Veterans Health, Administration. Advance care 

planning by proxy for residents of long-term care 

facilities who lack decision-making capacity. Journal of 

the American Geriatrics Society 2002;50(4):761-7. 

[Rec#: 50802] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Voljc B. On the spirituality of the doctor-patient relationship. 

Ann N Y Acad Sci 97;809:80-2. [Rec#: 16108] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Voltz R and Borasio GD. Palliative therapy in the terminal 

stage of neurological disease. J Neurol 97;244 Suppl 

4:S2-10. [Rec#: 7954] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-232 

Voltz R, Akabayashi A, Reese C, Ohi G, and Sass HM. 

Attitudes of healthcare professionals toward clinical 

decisions in palliative care: a cross-cultural comparison. 

J Clin Ethics 99;10(4):309-15. [Rec#: 7951] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Voltz R, Akabayashi A, Reese C, Ohi G, and Sass HM. 

Organization and patients' perception of palliative care: 

a crosscultural comparison. Palliat Med 97;11(5):351-7. 

[Rec#: 7953] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

von Engelhardt D. Subjectivity and ethics: the patient. 

Lancet 99;354 Suppl:SIV47. [Rec#: 16114] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

von Gunten C and Weissman DE. Information for patients 

and families about ventilator withdrawal. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(5):775-6. [Rec#: 16115] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Von Gunten C and Weissman DE. Symptom control for 

ventilator withdrawal in the dying patient. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(5):774-5. [Rec#: 16116] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

von Gunten C and Weissman DE. Ventilator withdrawal 

protocol. J Palliat Med 2003;6(5):773-4. [Rec#: 16117] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

von Gunten CF and Martinez J. Role of palliative medicine 

in cancer patient care. Cancer Treat Res 

2000;102:65-76. [Rec#: 16119] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

von Gunten CF and Twaddle ML. Terminal care for 

noncancer patients. Clin Geriatr Med 96;12(2):349-58. 

[Rec#: 35872] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Von Gunten CF and Von Roenn JH. Barriers to pain control: 

ethics & knowledge. J Palliat Care 94;10(3):52-4. 

[Rec#: 16122] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

von Gunten CF and Weissman DE. Discussing 

do-not-resuscitate orders in the hospital setting: part 1. 

J Palliat Med 2002;5(3):415-7. [Rec#: 16125] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

von Gunten CF, Neely KJ, and Martinez J. Hospice and 

palliative care: program needs and academic issues. 

Oncology (Huntingt) 96;10(7):1070-4; discussion 1074, 

1079-80. [Rec#: 16121] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

von Gunten CF, Von Roenn JH, Johnson-Neely K, Martinez 

J, and Weitzman S. Hospice and palliative care: 

attitudes and practices of the physician faculty of an 

academic hospital. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

95;12(4):38-42. [Rec#: 16124] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

von Gunten CF. Secondary and tertiary palliative care in US 

hospitals. JAMA 2002;287(7):875-81. Comment in: 

JAMA. 2002 Sep 11;288(10):1279. PMID: 12215136. 

[Rec#: 7957] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

von Klitzing W. Evaluation of reflective learning in a 

psychodynamic group of nurses caring for terminally ill 

patients. J Adv Nurs 99;30(5):1213-21. [Rec#: 7958] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Von Roenn, J. H. and von Gunten, C. F. Setting goals to 

maintain hope. Journal of Clinical Oncology 

2003;21(3):570-4. [Rec#: 50806] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Von Roenn, J. H., Cleeland, C. S., Gonin, R., Hatfield, A. K., 

and Pandya, K. J. Physician attitudes and practice in 

cancer pain management. A survey from the Eastern 

Cooperative Oncology Group. Annals of Internal 

Medicine 93;119(2):121-6. [Rec#: 50805] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Voth AJ and Fainsinger RL. Is this a palliative care patient? 

J Pain Symptom Manage 99;17(6):448-9. Comment on: 

J Pain Symptom Manage. 1998 Sep;16(3):145-52. 

PMID: 9769616. [Rec#: 7962] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Vousden M. What's so good about natural pain? Nurs Times 

98;94(44):27. Comment on: Nurs Times. 1998 Nov 

4-10;94(44):26-7. PMID: 9919247. [Rec#: 16128] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Waddell C, Clarnette RM, Smith M, and Oldham L. Advance 

directives affecting medical treatment choices. J Palliat 

Care 97;13(2):5-8. [Rec#: 7967] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Waddington P. Towards care in the community: a carer's 

tale. Br J Nurs 96;5(1):48-50. [Rec#: 7968] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wadhwa S and Lavizzo-Mourey R. Tools, methods, and 

strategies. Do innovative models of health care delivery 

improve quality of care for selected vulnerable 

populations? A systematic review. Jt Comm J Qual 

Improv 99;25(8):408-33. [Rec#: 16133] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wagner AW, Teri L, and Orr-Rainey N. Behavior problems 

of residents with dementia in special care units. 

Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 95;9(3):121-7. 

[Rec#: 35885] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-233 

Wagner L. Providing comfort to dying residents. Provider 

99;25(5):52-4, 57-8, 61-5. [Rec#: 16136] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wagner RE, Hexel M, Bauer WW, and Kropiunigg U. 

Crying in hospitals: a survey of doctors', nurses' and 

medical students' experience and attitudes. Med J Aust 

97;166(1):13-6. [Rec#: 7974] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wagstaff R, Berlin A, Stacy R, Spencer J, and Bhopal RA. 

Information about patients' deaths: general practitioners' 

current practice and views on receiving a death register. 

Br J Gen Pract 94;44(384):315-6. [Rec#: 16139] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wahlin A, Nilsson E, and Fastbom J. Cognitive performance 

in very old diabetic persons: the impact of semantic 

structure, preclinical dementia, and impending death. 

Neuropsychology 2002;16(2):208-16. [Rec#: 7977] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wakefield A. Nurses' responses to death and dying: a need 

for relentless self-care. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2000;6(5):245-51. [Rec#: 16143] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wakefield MA, Beilby J, and Ashby MA. General 

practitioners and palliative care. Palliat Med 

93;7(2):117-26. [Rec#: 7980] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Walding M and Andrews C. Preventing and managing 

pressure sores in palliative care. Prof Nurse 

95;11(1):33-4, 37-8. [Rec#: 16147] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Walker C. Life-sustaining treatment: the physician's role in 

decision-making. Geriatrics 92;47(1):68-70. 

[Rec#: 7982] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walker L, Wetle T, and Blechner B. Do-not-resuscitate 

orders in nursing homes: institutional policies and 

practices. J Ethics Law Aging 95;1(2):97-106. 

[Rec#: 16148] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Walker RJ and Pomeroy EC. Depression or grief? The 

experience of caregivers of people with dementia. 

Health Soc Work 96;21(4):247-54. [Rec#: 7987] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Walker RJ, Pomeroy EC, McNeil JS, and Franklin C. 

Anticipatory grief and AIDS: strategies for intervening 

with caregivers. Health Soc Work 96;21(1):49-57. 

[Rec#: 16149] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walker RM, Schonwetter RS, Kramer DR, and Robinson 

BE. Living wills and resuscitation preferences in an 

elderly population. Arch Intern Med 95;155(2):171-5. 

[Rec#: 7990] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walker Z, McKinnon M, and Townsend J. Shared care for 

high-dependency patients: mental illness, neurological 

disorders and terminal care--a review. Health Serv 

Manage Res 99;12(4):205-11. [Rec#: 16151] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Walker, P., Nordell, C., Cace, Neumann, C. M., and Bruera, 

E. Impact of the Edmonton Labeled Visual Information 

System on physician recall of metastatic cancer patient 

histories. a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain 

& Symptom Management 2001;21(1):4-11. 

[Rec#: 50807] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Wall LM. Changes in hope and power in lung cancer patients 

who exercise. Nurs Sci Q 2000;13(3):234-42. 

[Rec#: 35897] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wall MG, Wellman NS, Curry KR, and Johnson PM. 

Feeding the terminally ill: dietitians' attitudes and 

beliefs. J Am Diet Assoc 91;91(5):549-52. 

[Rec#: 16153] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wallace B. Suffering, meaning, and the goals of hospice 

care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 95;12(3):6-8, 9. 

[Rec#: 16155] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wallace P. Improving palliative care through effective 

communication. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(2):86-90. 

[Rec#: 16157] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wallace WE. Hospice and AIDS: clinical issues which affect 

care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(3):13-6. 

[Rec#: 7995] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Waller A, Hershkowitz M, and Adunsky A. The effect of 

intravenous fluid infusion on blood and urine 

parameters of hydration and on state of consciousness in 

terminal cancer patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

94;11(6):22-7. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 

1995 Mar-Apr;12(2):2. PMID: 7605728. Comment in: 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 1996 Mar-Apr;13(2):3. PMID: 

8716319. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 1998 

Sep-Oct;15(5):255-6. PMID: 9807253. [Rec#: 16158] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Walling AD. The odd couple. Am Fam Physician 

91;44(6):1967, 1970. [Rec#: 16160] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-234 

Wallis ME. A healing journey. Nursing 2000;30(11):64. 

[Rec#: 16164] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wallwork L. Palliative care in non-malignant disease: a 

pragmatic response. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2000;6(4):186-91. [Rec#: 16165] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walsh D and Gordon S. The terminally ill: dying for 

palliative medicine? Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2001;18(3):203-5. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care. 2002 May-Jun;19(3):161; author reply 161-5. 

PMID: 12026038. [Rec#: 16172] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Walsh D and Regan J. Terminal care in the home--the 

general practice perspective. Ir Med J 2001;94(1):9-11. 

[Rec#: 16173] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Walsh D, Gombeski WR Jr, Goldstein P, Hayes D, and 

Armour M. Managing a palliative oncology program: 

the role of a business plan. J Pain Symptom Manage 

94;9(2):109-18. [Rec#: 16171] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walsh D. Helping people to start living again. Interview by 

Anne Manchester. Nurs N Z 2002;8(5):14-5. 

[Rec#: 16169] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Walsh D. Palliative care: management of the patient with 

advanced cancer. Semin Oncol 94;21(4 Suppl 7):100-6. 

[Rec#: 16170] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walsh D. The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative 

Medicine (1987-1999): development of a novel 

comprehensive integrated program. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2001;18(4):239-50. [Rec#: 16168] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walsh K, King M, Jones L, Tookman A, and Blizard R. 

Spiritual beliefs may affect outcome of bereavement: 

prospective study. BMJ 2002;324(7353):1551. 

[Rec#: 8005] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Walsh ME. Can we be connected while remaining separate? 

Forging partnerships between all-volunteer & 

Medicare-certified hospices. Caring 2003;22(11):26-8. 

[Rec#: 16175] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Walsh SM and Hogan NS. Oncology nursing education: 

nursing students' commitment of "presence" with the 

dying patient and the family. Nurs Educ Perspect 

2003;24(2):86-90. [Rec#: 16176] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walsh TD, Rivera NI, and Kaiko R. Oral morphine and 

respiratory function amongst hospice inpatients with 

advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(12):780-4. [Rec#: 8007] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Walsh TD. Symptom control in patients with advanced 

cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 90;7(6):20-9. 

[Rec#: 16177] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Walsh, R. A., Girgis, A., and Sanson-Fisher, R. W. Breaking 

bad news. 2: What evidence is available to guide 

clinicians? Behav Med 98;24(2):61-72. [Rec#: 50155] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Walsh, T. D., MacDonald, N., Bruera, E., Shepard, K. V., 

Michaud, M., and Zanes, R. A controlled study of 

sustained-release morphine sulfate tablets in chronic 

pain from advanced cancer. American Journal of 

Clinical Oncology 92;15(3):268-72. [Rec#: 50808] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Walsh-Burke K. Matching bereavement services to level of 

need. Hosp J 2000;15(1):77-86. [Rec#: 16167] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Walter T. Historical and cultural variants on the good death. 

BMJ 2003;327(7408):218-20. [Rec#: 16179] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Walter T. Spirituality in palliative care: opportunity or 

burden? Palliat Med 2002;16(2):133-9. [Rec#: 16181] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walter T. The ideology and organization of spiritual care: 

three approaches. Palliat Med 97;11(1):21-30. 

[Rec#: 16180] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Walter, T. Hospices and rituals after death: a survey of 

British hospice chaplains. International Journal of 

Palliative Nursing 2003;9(2):80-5. [Rec#: 50809] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Walters AJ. The comforting role in critical care nursing 

practice: a phenomenological interpretation. Int J Nurs 

Stud 94;31(6):607-16. [Rec#: 16182] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Walters AJ. The lifeworld of relatives of critically ill 

patients: a phenomenological hermeneutic study. Int J 

Nurs Pract 95;1(1):18-25. [Rec#: 43555] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-235 

Waltman NL and Zimmerman L. Variations among nurses in 

behavioral intentions toward the dying. Hosp J 

91;7(4):37-49. [Rec#: 8010] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Waltman NL. Attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral 

intentions of nurses toward dying patients and their 

families. Oncol Nurs Forum 90;17(3 Suppl):55-60; 

discussion 60-2. [Rec#: 8009] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Waltman RE. When a spouse dies. Nursing 92;22(7):48-51. 

[Rec#: 8014] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wang XT. Domain-specific rationality in human choices: 

violations of utility axioms and social contexts. 

Cognition 96;60(1):31-63. [Rec#: 8027] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wansaicheong GK. Eventually all of us must die. Ann 

Emerg Med 97;29(1):184-5. [Rec#: 16188] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wanta BA. Planning for death and dying while healthy: 

lessons from the Gulf War mobilization. Holist Nurs 

Pract 98;13(1):22-31. [Rec#: 8028] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ward C. The need for palliative care in the management of 

heart failure. Heart 2002;87(3):294-8. [Rec#: 16190] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ward CG. "The die is cast": telling patients they are going to 

die. J Burn Care Rehabil 92;13(2 Pt 1):272-4. 

Comment in: J Burn Care Rehabil. 1993 

May-Jun;14(3):398-9. PMID: 8360251. [Rec#: 8029] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Ward E, Jemal A, Cokkinides V, Singh GK, Cardinez C, 

Ghafoor A, and Thun M. Cancer disparities by 

race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. CA Cancer J 

Clin 2004;54(2):78-93. [Rec#: 8030] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Ward NS and O'Brien A. End of life issues in the critically 

ill. Med Health R I 2002;85(2):60-2. [Rec#: 16191] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Warner J, Metcalfe C, and King M. Evaluating the use of 

benzodiazepines following recent bereavement. Br J 

Psychiatry 2001;178(1):36-41. [Rec#: 8037] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Warner JE. Involvement of families in pain control of 

terminally ill patients. Hosp J 92;8(1-2):155-70. 

[Rec#: 16195] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Warr T. The physician's role in maintaining hope and 

spirituality. Bioethics Forum 99;15(1):31-7. 

[Rec#: 16198] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Warren NA. Bereavement care in the critical care setting. 

Crit Care Nurs Q 97;20(2):42-7. [Rec#: 16200] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Warren NA. Critical care family members' satisfaction with 

bereavement experiences. Crit Care Nurs Q 

2002;25(2):54-60. [Rec#: 8040] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Warren S, Janzen W, Andiel-Hett C, Liu L, McKim HR, and 

Schalm C. Innovative dementia care: functional status 

over time of persons with Alzheimer disease in a 

residential care centre compared to special care units. 

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2001;12(5):340-7. 

[Rec#: 43569] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Warren SC and Emmett MK. Palliative care consultation in 

West Virginia. W V Med J 2002;98(3):94-9. 

[Rec#: 16201] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Warren SC, Hines SC, and Moss AH. Concerns and 

self-reported competencies in end-of-life care: a survey 

of physicians in WV. W V Med J 2000;96(3):455-7. 

[Rec#: 8042] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wasow M. When I'm gone: mourning the dearly departed ... 

slightly before departure. New Dir Ment Health Serv 

99;(83):21-9. [Rec#: 8050] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wasson, J. H., Bubolz, T. A., Lynn, J., and Teno, J. Can we 

afford comprehensive, supportive care for the very old? 

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

98;46(7):829-32. [Rec#: 50810] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Watanabe S, Pereira J, Hanson J, and Bruera E. Fentanyl by 

continuous subcutaneous infusion for the management 

of cancer pain: a retrospective study. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 98;16(5):323-6. [Rec#: 8053] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Watanabe, S. and Bruera, E. Corticosteroids as adjuvant 

analgesics. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

94;9(7):442-5. [Rec#: 50812] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Waters CM. End-of-life care directives among African 

Americans: lessons learned--a need for 

community-centered discussion and education. J 

Community Health Nurs 2000;17(1):25-37. 

[Rec#: 8055] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-236 

Watson J. Becoming aware: knowing yourself to care for 

others. Home Healthc Nurse 99;17(5):317-22. 

[Rec#: 16210] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Watson MA. Bereavement in the elderly. AORN J 

94;59(5):1079-80, 1083-4. [Rec#: 8066] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Watson P and Feld A. Factors in stress and burnout among 

paediatric nurses in a general hospital. Nurs Prax N Z 

96;11(3):38-46. [Rec#: 8067] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Watts C and Hall B. Loss adjusters. Nurs Times 

97;93(2):40-1. [Rec#: 16213] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Watts DT, McCaulley BL, and Priefer BA. Physician-nurse 

conflict: lessons from a clinical experience. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 90;38(10):1151-2. [Rec#: 8069] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Watts T and Jenkins K. Palliative care nurses' feelings about 

death rattle. J Clin Nurs 99;8(5):615-6. [Rec#: 16214] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Waun J, Kilway JB, and VanGoor K. Implementing advance 

directives. Mich Med 98;97(4):18-9, 51. [Rec#: 16216] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Waun J. For dying patients and their families. Bioethics 

Forum 99;15(1):38-41. [Rec#: 16215] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Waun JE. The spiritual basis of medical practice. Mich Med 

98;97(12):33-5. [Rec#: 16217] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wax ML and Ray SE. Dilemmas within the surgical 

intensive care unit. J Am Coll Surg 2002;195(5):721-8. 

[Rec#: 16218] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Weatherill G. Thro' the night: family care when the patient is 

dying. Caring 95;14(4):50-3. [Rec#: 16220] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Weatherill GG. Pharmacologic symptom control during the 

withdrawal of life support: lessons in palliative care. 

AACN Clin Issues 95;6(2):344-51. [Rec#: 16221] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Webb C. How can you help the bereaved patient? 

Practitioner 2000;244(1610):455-8, 460, 462. 

[Rec#: 16224] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Webb M and Amchin J. Do-not-resuscitate decisions on a 

psychiatric unit. Hosp Community Psychiatry 

90;41(3):319-21. [Rec#: 8077] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Webber J. Palliative care. A model response. Nurs Times 

94;90(25):66-8. [Rec#: 16227] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Weber D. The last phase of life: innovative approaches 

improve end-of-life care inexpensively. Strateg Healthc 

Excell 99;12(8):1-7. [Rec#: 16228] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Weber M, Ochsmann R, and Huber C. Laying out and 

viewing the body at home--a forgotten tradition? J 

Palliat Care 98;14(4):34-7. [Rec#: 16230] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Webster J and Kristjanson LJ. Long-term palliative care 

workers: more than a story of endurance. J Palliat Med 

2002;5(6):865-75. [Rec#: 8085] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Weeks WB, Kofoed LL, Wallace AE, and Welch HG. 

Advance directives and the cost of terminal 

hospitalization. Arch Intern Med 94;154(18):2077-83. 

[Rec#: 8090] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Weggel JM. Barriers to the physician decision to offer 

hospice as an option for terminal care. WMJ 

99;98(3):49-53. [Rec#: 8091] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Weggel JM. Palliative care: new challenges for advanced 

practice nursing. Hosp J 97;12(1):43-56. [Rec#: 16235] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Weil MH and Wiel CJ. How to respond to family demands 

for futile life support and cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation. Crit Care Med 2000;28(9):3339-40. 

[Rec#: 16238] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Weil MH. Clinical decision making during resuscitation and 

guidelines for termination of the resuscitation effort. 

Minerva Anestesiol 2003;69(4):180-3. [Rec#: 16237] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wein, S. Sedation in the imminently dying patient. 

Oncology 2000;14:585-592. [Rec#: 50813] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Weinberg N. Does apologizing help? The role of self-blame 

and making amends in recovery from bereavement. 

Health Soc Work 95;20(4):294-9. [Rec#: 8096] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Weiner MF, Doody RS, Sairam R, Foster B, and Liao TY. 

Prevalence and incidence of major depressive disorder 

in Alzheimer's disease: findings from two databases. 

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002;13(1):8-12. 

[Rec#: 35950] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-237 

Weinrich S, Egbert C, Eleazer GP, and Haddock KS. 

Agitation: measurement, management, and intervention 

research. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 95;9(5):251-60. 

[Rec#: 35959] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Weinstein SM. Integrating palliative care in oncology. 

Cancer Control 2001;8(1):32-5. [Rec#: 16243] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Weis J. Support groups for cancer patients. Support Care 

Cancer 2003;11(12):763-8. [Rec#: 16244] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Weisfeld V, Miller D, Gibson R, and Schroeder SA. 

Improving care at the end of life: what does it take? 

Health Aff (Millwood) 2000;19(6):277-83. 

[Rec#: 16277] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Weisman AD. Counselor of quality. J Health Care Chaplain 

92;4(1-2):23-8. [Rec#: 16245] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Weisman E. Counselor humanizes hospital for dying 

patients' families. Hospitals 90;64(12):54-5. 

[Rec#: 16246] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Weiss R. St. Francis Hospice shares its message to build 

success. Health Prog 2000;81(1):55, 58. [Rec#: 16247] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Weissert WG and Hedrick SC. Lessons learned from 

research on effects of community-based long-term care. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 94;42(3):348-53. [Rec#: 16249] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Weissert WG, Lafata JE, Williams B, and Weissert CS. 

Toward a strategy for reducing potentially avoidable 

hospital admissions among home care clients. Med 

Care Res Rev 97;54(4):439-55. [Rec#: 8111] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Weissman D. Medical oncology and palliative care: the 

intersection of end-of-life care. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(6):859-61. [Rec#: 8112] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Weissman DE and Griffie J. The Palliative Care Consultation 

Service of the Medical College of Wisconsin. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 94;9(7):474-9. [Rec#: 16260] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Weissman DE, Griffie J, Muchka S, and Matson S. 

Improving pain management in long-term care facilities. 

J Palliat Med 2001;4(4):567-73. Comment in: J Palliat 

Med. 2001 Winter;4(4):557-66. PMID: 11798491. 

[Rec#: 16261] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Weissman DE, Mullan PB, Ambuel B, and von Gunten C. 

End-of-life curriculum reform: outcomes and impact in 

a follow-up study of internal medicine residency 

programs. J Palliat Med 2002;5(4):497-506. 

[Rec#: 16263] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Weissman DE. Consultation in palliative medicine. Arch 

Intern Med 97;157(7):733-7. [Rec#: 16251] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Weissman DE. Doctors, opioids, and the law: the effect of 

controlled substances regulations on cancer pain 

management. Semin Oncol 93;20(2 Suppl 1):53-8. 

[Rec#: 16252] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Weissman DE. Measuring the quality of pain management. J 

Palliat Med 2003;6(2):185-7. [Rec#: 16253] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Weissman DE. Pre-clinical palliative medicine education at 

the Medical College of Wisconsin. J Cancer Educ 

93;8(3):191-5. [Rec#: 16255] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Weitzen, S., Teno, J. M., Fennell, M., and Mor, V. Factors 

assocatied with site of death: a national study of where 

people die. Medical Care 2003;41:323-335. 

[Rec#: 50814] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Weitzner MA, Moody LN, and McMillan SC. Symptom 

management issues in hospice care. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 97;14(4):190-5. [Rec#: 16265] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Welch K, Morse A, and Adult Spectrum of Disease Project 

in New Orleans. The clinical profile of end-stage AIDS 

in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 

Patient Care STDS 2002;16(2):75-81. [Rec#: 8118] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Welk TA and Smith WB Jr. Family surveys: measuring more 

than just satisfaction. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

99;16(3):533-40. [Rec#: 16271] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Welk TA. Clinical and ethical considerations of fluid and 

electrolyte management in the terminally ill client. J 

Intraven Nurs 99;22(1):43-7. [Rec#: 16268] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Welk TA. Life-support and end-of-life questions: treatment 

or intervention? J Intraven Nurs 95;18(4):191-7. 

[Rec#: 16270] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-238 

Wells M, Dryden H, Guild P, Levack P, Farrer K, and 

Mowat P. The knowledge and attitudes of surgical staff 

towards the use of opioids in cancer pain management: 

can the Hospital Palliative Care Team make a 

difference? Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

2001;10(3):201-11. [Rec#: 8125] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Welman M and Faber PA. The dream in terminal illness: a 

Jungian formulation. J Anal Psychol 92;37(1):61-81. 

[Rec#: 8128] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Welsbacher A. Lessons from the monastery. Helping people 

'die well'. Minn Med 97;80(11):6-8. [Rec#: 16276] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Welsh C. Touch with oils: a pertinent part of holistic hospice 

care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 97;14(1):42-4. 

[Rec#: 16278] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wendell M. Palliative care at Killam General Hospital. 

AARN News Lett 95;51(2):38. [Rec#: 16279] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wenger NS, Oye RK, Desbiens NA, Phillips RS, Teno JM, 

Connors AF Jr, Liu H, Zemsky MF, and Kussin P. The 

stability of DNR orders on hospital readmission. The 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand 

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatments. J Clin Ethics 96;7(1):48-54. [Rec#: 8133] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wenger, N. S., Greengold, N. L., Oye, R. K., Kussin, P., 

Phillips, R. S., Desbiens, N. A., Liu, H., Hiatt, J. R., 

Teno, J. M., and Connors, A. F. Jr. Patients with DNR 

orders in the operating room: surgery, resuscitation, and 

outcomes. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to 

Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes 

and Risks of Treatments. Journal of Clinical Ethics 

97;8(3):250-7. [Rec#: 50815] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wennman-Larsen A and Tishelman C. Advanced home care 

for cancer patients at the end of life: a qualitative study 

of hopes and expectations of family caregivers. Scand J 

Caring Sci 2002;16(3):240-7. [Rec#: 16282] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Wenrich MD, Curtis JR, Ambrozy DA, Carline JD, Shannon 

SE, and Ramsey PG. Dying patients' need for emotional 

support and personalized care from physicians: 

perspectives of patients with terminal illness, families, 

and health care providers. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;25(3):236-46. [Rec#: 8139] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Wenrich MD, Curtis JR, Shannon SE, Carline JD, Ambrozy 

DM, and Ramsey PG. Communicating with dying 

patients within the spectrum of medical care from 

terminal diagnosis to death. Arch Intern Med 

2001;161(6):868-74. Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 

2001 Nov 26;161(21):2623-4. PMID: 11718602. 

[Rec#: 16283] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Werko L. Health technology assessment at the end of life. A 

realistic view of death and palliative care. Int J Technol 

Assess Health Care 2000;16(3):903-6. [Rec#: 16286] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Werner P, Carmel S, and Ziedenberg H. Nurses' and social 

workers' attitudes and beliefs about and involvement in 

life-sustaining treatment decisions. Health Soc Work 

2004;29(1):27-35. [Rec#: 8143] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Werth JL Jr, Gordon JR, and Johnson RR Jr. Psychosocial 

issues near the end of life. Aging Ment Health 

2002;6(4):402-12. [Rec#: 8144] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wesley C, Tunney K, and Duncan E. Educational needs of 

hospice social workers: spiritual assessment and 

interventions with diverse populations. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2004;21(1):40-6. [Rec#: 8145] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wesley CA. Social work and end-of-life decisions: 

self-determination and the common good. Health Soc 

Work 96;21(2):115-21. [Rec#: 16290] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

West JP and West CM. Analysis of comfort care for the 

terminally ill: the hospice approach. J Health Hum Serv 

Adm 98;20(3):281-99. [Rec#: 8146] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

West R. Nursing the spirit. Aust Nurs J 96;4(1):34-5. 

[Rec#: 16293] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

West SK and Levi L. Culturally Appropriate End-of-Life 

Care for the Black American. Home Healthc Nurse 

2004;22(3):164-168. [Rec#: 8148] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

West TS. A milestone for hospices in the United States. Am 

J Hosp Care 90;7(1):19-21. [Rec#: 16294] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Westert GP, Lagoe RJ, Keskimaki I, Leyland A, and Murphy 

M. An international study of hospital readmissions and 

related utilization in Europe and the USA. Health 

Policy 2002;61(3):269-78. [Rec#: 50107] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-239 

Westhoff LJ and Schaefer JC. Long-term care survey reveals 

challenges. Facilities grapple with five broad issues, 

including changes in leadership and AIDS. Health Prog 

93;74(4):38-42. [Rec#: 16299] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Westman AS. Existential anxiety as related to 

conceptualization of self and of death, denial of death, 

and religiosity. Psychol Rep 92;71(3 Pt 2):1064-6. 

[Rec#: 8150] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wetherbee LL. Powerlessness and the hospice client. Home 

Healthc Nurse 95;13(5):37-41. [Rec#: 8153] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Weyer G, Erzigkeit H, Kanowski S, Ihl R, and Hadler D. 

Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale: reliability and 

validity in a multicenter clinical trial. Int Psychogeriatr 

97;9(2):123-38. [Rec#: 35991] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Whall AL. The measurement of need-driven 

dementia-compromised behavior. Achieving higher 

levels of interrater reliability. J Gerontol Nurs 

99;25(9):33-7; quiz 50-1. [Rec#: 35993] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

What has been your experience with hypodermoclysis? What 

have been the burdens and benefits to your clients for 

whom it was used? J Gerontol Nurs 2000;26(5):48-50. 

[Rec#: 8160] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Whedon MB. Revisiting the road not taken: integrating 

palliative care into oncology nursing. Clin J Oncol Nurs 

2002;6(1):27-33. [Rec#: 16305] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wheeler EC and Plowfield L. Clinical education initiative in 

the community: caring for patients with congestive heart 

failure. Nurs Educ Perspect 2004;25(1):16-21. 

[Rec#: 35994] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wheeler SR. Helping families cope with death and dying. 

Nursing 96;26(7):25-30; quiz 31. [Rec#: 16306] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Whellan DJ, Gaulden L, Gattis WA, Granger B, Russell SD, 

Blazing MA, Cuffe MS, and O'Connor CM. The benefit 

of implementing a heart failure disease management 

program. Arch Intern Med 2001;161(18):2223-8. [Rec#: 

50108] 

In abstract review process 

When pain becomes never ending. Tecnologica 98;1-6, 

13-14. [Rec#: 16308] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

When traditional strategies don't apply. Publicity campaign 

raises yearly census 36 percent. Hospice Care of Rhode 

Island, Pawtucket. Profiles Healthc Mark 

94;(62):22-31. [Rec#: 16309] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Whisnant R. Easing the grief at ground zero. Minn Med 

2002;85(5):22-3. [Rec#: 16310] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

White F. Laughing through the pain. Nurs Stand 

2003;17(34):20-1. [Rec#: 16311] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

White G. An inquiry into the concepts of spirituality and 

spiritual care. Int J Palliat Nurs 2000;6(10):479-84. 

[Rec#: 16312] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

White JL. Home care coverage improvements anticipated 

under health care reform. Caring 94;13(6):16-9. 

[Rec#: 8170] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

White K, Davies M, and Smeal T. An ongoing challenge. 

Providing palliative care nursing in the community. 

Lamp 97;54(5):15, 17. [Rec#: 16314] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

White KR, Cochran CE, and Patel UB. Hospital provision of 

end-of-life services: who, what, and where? Med Care 

2002;40(1):17-25. Comment in: Med Care. 2002 

Jan;40(1):4-6. PMID: 11748421. [Rec#: 16315] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

White KR, Coyne PJ, and Patel UB. Are nurses adequately 

prepared for end-of-life care? J Nurs Scholarsh 

2001;33(2):147-51. Comment in: J Nurs Scholarsh. 

2001;33(4):306. PMID: 11775295. [Rec#: 8171] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

White KS and Hall JC. Ethical dilemmas in artificial 

nutrition and hydration: food for thought. Nurs Case 

Manag 99;4(1):34-6. [Rec#: 8173] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

White KS and Hall JC. Ethical dilemmas in artificial 

nutrition and hydration: decision-making. Nurs Case 

Manag 99;4(3):152-7. [Rec#: 16316] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

White ML and Fletcher JC. The story of Mr. and Mrs. Doe: 

"You can't tell my husband he's dying; it will kill him.". 

J Clin Ethics 90;1(1):59-62. [Rec#: 8174] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

White T. Palliative care. Dealing with constipation. Nurs 

Times 95;91(14):57-8. [Rec#: 16320] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-240 

White Y and Grenyer BF. The biopsychosocial impact of 

end-stage renal disease: the experience of dialysis 

patients and their partners. J Adv Nurs 

99;30(6):1312-20. [Rec#: 8180] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Whitecar PS, Jonas AP, and Clasen ME. Managing pain in 

the dying patient. Am Fam Physician 

2000;61(3):755-64. Comment in: Am Fam Physician. 

2000 Feb 1;61(3):636, 641-2. PMID: 10695577. 

[Rec#: 16321] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Whitehead CM. The specialist nurse in HIV/AIDS medicine. 

Postgrad Med J 96;72(846):211-3. [Rec#: 8181] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Whitehouse PJ. The end of Alzheimer disease II: 

commentary on "Decisions to treat or not to treat 

pneumonia in demented psychogeriatric nursing home 

patients". Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2001;15(3):118. 

Comment on: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2001 

Jul-Sep;15(3):119-28. PMID: 11522929. [Rec#: 8182] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Whitlatch CJ, Zarit SH, and von Eye A. Efficacy of 

interventions with caregivers: a reanalysis. 

Gerontologist 91;31(1):9-14. [Rec#: 36006] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Whitmer MM. Dietary considerations for hospice clients. 

Caring 96;15(2):60-2. [Rec#: 8184] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Whitney PJ. Role of hospice in Alzheimer's care. Provider 

99;25(9):87, 89-91. [Rec#: 16322] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Whitney SN and Spiegel D. The patient, the physician, and 

the truth. Hastings Cent Rep 99;29(3):24; discussion 

24-5. [Rec#: 8186] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Whitten P, Cook DJ, and Doolittle G. An analysis of 

provider perceptions for telehospice. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 98;15(5):267-74. [Rec#: 16324] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Whitten P, Doolittle G, Mackert M, and Rush T. Telehospice 

carries end-of-life care over the lines. Nurs Manage 

2003;34(11):36-9. [Rec#: 16325] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Whyte A. Changing the perceptions of palliative care. Nurs 

Times 2003;99(48):24-5. [Rec#: 16327] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wiener PK, Kiosses DN, Klimstra S, Murphy C, and 

Alexopoulos GS. A short-term inpatient program for 

agitated demented nursing home residents. Int J Geriatr 

Psychiatry 2001;16(9):866-72. [Rec#: 36017] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Wiese KT. Grief, loss and bereavement. Prairie Rose 

2003-2004;72(4):20-6; quiz 27. [Rec#: 8195] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wiesendanger H, Werthmuller L, Reuter K, and Walach H. 

Chronically ill patients treated by spiritual healing 

improve in quality of life: results of a randomized 

waiting-list controlled study. J Altern Complement 

Med 2001;7(1):45-51. Comment in: J Altern 

Complement Med. 2001 Feb;7(1):5-7. PMID: 

11246936. [Rec#: 8196] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wiffen, P. J. Resources in The Cochrane Library: Issue 

number 2, 2002. Journal of Pain and Palliative Care 

Pharmacotherapy 2002;16(4):85-8. [Rec#: 50819] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Wiffen, P., Collins, S., McQuay, H., Carroll, D., Jadad, A., 

and Moore, A. Anticonvulsant drugs for acute and 

chronic pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic 

Reviews 2003;4. [Rec#: 50817] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wiffen, P., Edwards, J., Barden, J., and McQuay, H. Oral 

morphine for cancer pain. Cochrane Database of 

Systematic Reviews 2003;3. [Rec#: 50818] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wilde Larsson, B. and Larsson, G. Development of a short 

form of the Quality from the Patient's Perspective (QPP) 

questionnaire. J Clin Nurs 2002;11(5):681-7. [Rec#: 

50922] 

In abstract review process 

Wildiers H and Menten J. Death rattle: prevalence, 

prevention and treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;23(4):310-7. [Rec#: 8202] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Wiles R, Jarrett N, Payne S, and Field D. Referrals for 

bereavement counselling in primary care: a qualitative 

study. Patient Educ Couns 2002;48(1):79-85. 

[Rec#: 16338] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Wiles R, Payne S, and Jarrett N. Improving palliative care 

services: a pragmatic model for evaluating services and 

assessing unmet need. Palliat Med 99;13(2):131-7. 

[Rec#: 8203] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wilford T. Developing effective palliative care within a 

prison setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 2001;7(11):528-30. 

[Rec#: 16339] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wilhite M. Chronically dead persons. ABNF J 91;2(4):85-6. 

[Rec#: 16340] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-241 

Wilkening K and Martin M. [Quality of life at the end of 

live: experiences, models and perspectives]. Z Gerontol 

Geriatr 2003;36(5):333-8. [Rec#: 8204] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Wilker HI and Lowell B. Bereavement services development 

in a rural setting. Hosp J 96;11(4):25-39. [Rec#: 16342] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wilkes L, Tracy S, and White K. The future of palliative care 

nursing research in Australia. Int J Nurs Pract 

2000;6(1):32-8. [Rec#: 16343] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Wilkes L, White K, and O'Riordan L. Empowerment through 

information: supporting rural families of oncology 

patients in palliative care. Aust J Rural Health 

2000;8(1):41-6. [Rec#: 8205] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Wilkes L, White K, Smeal T, and Beale B. Malignant wound 

management: what dressings do nurses use? J Wound 

Care 2001;10(3):65-9. Erratum in: J Wound Care. 2002 

Apr;10(4):122. [Rec#: 16344] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Wilkes LM and Beale B. Palliative care at home: stress for 

nurses in urban and rural New South Wales, Australia. 

Int J Nurs Pract 2001;7(5):306-13. [Rec#: 16345] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Wilkes LM, Boxer E, and White K. The hidden side of 

nursing: why caring for patients with malignant 

malodorous wounds is so difficult. J Wound Care 

2003;12(2):76-80. [Rec#: 8206] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wilkie DJ, Kampbell J, Cutshall S, Halabisky H, Harmon H, 

Johnson LP, Weinacht L, and Rake-Marona M. Effects 

of massage on pain intensity, analgesics and quality of 

life in patients with cancer pain: a pilot study of a 

randomized clinical trial conducted within hospice care 

delivery. Hosp J 2000;15(3):31-53. [Rec#: 8207] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wilkie DJ, Keefe FJ, Dodd MJ, and Copp LA. Behavior of 

patients with lung cancer: description and associations 

with oncologic and pain variables. Pain 

92;51(2):231-40. [Rec#: 36034] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wilkie DJ, Williams AR, Grevstad P, and Mekwa J. 

Coaching persons with lung cancer to report sensory 

pain. Literature review and pilot study findings. Cancer 

Nurs 95;18(1):7-15. [Rec#: 36035] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wilkie, D. J., Brown M. A., Corless, I., Farber, S., Judge, K., 

Shannon, S., Wells, M. Toolkit for Nursing Excellence 

at End-of-Life Transition. 2001;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50820] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wilkinson AM, Harrold JK, Kopits I, and Ayers E. New 

endeavors and innovative programs in end of life care. 

Hosp J 98;13(1-2):165-80. [Rec#: 16348] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wilkinson EK, Salisbury C, Bosanquet N, Franks PJ, Kite S, 

Lorentzon M, and Naysmith A. Patient and carer 

preference for, and satisfaction with, specialist models 

of palliative care: a systematic literature review. Palliat 

Med 99;13(3):197-216. [Rec#: 16349] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilkinson S, Bailey K, Aldridge J, and Roberts A. A 

longitudinal evaluation of a communication skills 

programme. Palliat Med 99;13(4):341-8. [Rec#: 8213] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Wilkinson S, Roberts A, and Aldridge J. Nurse-patient 

communication in palliative care: an evaluation of a 

communication skills programme. Palliat Med 

98;12(1):13-22. [Rec#: 8214] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Wilkinson SM, Leliopoulou C, Gambles M, and Roberts A. 

Can intensive three-day programmes improve nurses' 

communication skills in cancer care? Psychooncology 

2003;12(8):747-59. [Rec#: 8215] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Willan AR, O'Brien BJ, and Leyva RA. Cost-effectiveness 

analysis when the WTA is greater than the WTP. Stat 

Med 2001;20(21):3251-9. [Rec#: 16351] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Willard C. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation for palliative care 

patients: a discussion of ethical issues. Palliat Med 

2000;14(4):308-12. Comment in: Palliat Med. 2001 

Sep;15(5):440-1. PMID: 11591098. [Rec#: 16352] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Willenheimer R, Erhardt L, Cline C, Rydberg E, and 

Israelsson B. Exercise training in heart failure improves 

quality of life and exercise capacity. Eur Heart J 

98;19(5):774-81. [Rec#: 36038] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Williams A. Dependency scoring in palliative care. Nurs 

Stand 95;10(5):27-30. [Rec#: 16354] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-242 

Williams AC, Richardson PH, Nicholas MK, Pither CE, 

Harding VR, Ridout KL, Ralphs JA, Richardson IH, 

Justins DM, and Chamberlain JH. Inpatient vs. 

outpatient pain management: results of a randomised 

controlled trial. Pain 96;66(1):13-22. [Rec#: 8221] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Williams AG, O'Brien DL, Laughton KJ, and Jelinek GA. 

Improving services to bereaved relatives in the 

emergency department: making healthcare more human. 

Med J Aust 2000;173(9):480-3. Comment in: Med J 

Aust. 2000 Nov 6;173(9):456. PMID: 11149299. 

[Rec#: 16357] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Williams B and Roberts P. Friends in passing: social 

interaction at an adult day care center. Int J Aging Hum 

Dev 95;41(1):63-78. [Rec#: 8222] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Williams BR. Dying young, dying poor: a sociological 

examination of existential suffering among 

low-socioeconomic status patients. J Palliat Med 

2004;7(1):27-37. [Rec#: 8223] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Williams D and Sidani S. An analysis of the nurse 

practitioner role in palliative care. Can J Nurs Leadersh 

2001;14(4):13-9. [Rec#: 16360] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Williams E, Berrien V, and Trubey P. The family with 

AIDS: multiple challenges for caregivers. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 97;14(6):293-9. [Rec#: 8224] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Williams J. Who cares for the carer? Nurs Prax N Z 

91;6(2):15-8. [Rec#: 16362] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Williams MA and Wheeler MS. Palliative care: what is it? 

Home Healthc Nurse 2001;19(9):550-6; quiz 557. 

[Rec#: 16369] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Williams N. Sometimes, death means you don't go by the 

book. Med Econ 99;76(7):133-4. [Rec#: 16373] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Williams R, Harris S, Randall L, Nichols R, and Brown S. A 

bereavement after-care service for intensive care 

relatives and staff: the story so far. Nurs Crit Care 

2003;8(3):109-15. [Rec#: 16374] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Williams RW. Documentation: how to prove you did what 

you say you did. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 91;8(3):7-13. 

[Rec#: 16375] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Williams RW. Hospice care of the future ... now. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2001;18(1):17-8. [Rec#: 16376] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Williams RW. Imagination: the lost art. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 92;9(3):8-9. [Rec#: 16377] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Williams RW. Successful management through delegation, 

humility and communication. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

92;9(1):7-9. [Rec#: 16379] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Williams SG. Stress in hospice nursing? Oh what a relief! 

Home Healthc Nurse 98;16(1):35-6. [Rec#: 16381] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Williams, P. D., Williams, A. R., Graff, J. C., Hanson, S., 

Stanton, A., Hafeman, C., Liebergen, A., Leuenberg, K., 

Setter, R. K., Ridder, L., Curry, H., Barnard, M., and 

Sanders, S. A community-based intervention for 

siblings and parents of children with chronic illness or 

disability: the ISEE study. Journal of Pediatrics 

2003;143(3):386-93. [Rec#: 50821] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Willson S. Imminent change. Dealing with an administrator's 

terminal illness. MGMA Connex 2004;4(2):46-50, 1. 

[Rec#: 16387] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wilmot S, Legg L, and Barratt J. Ethical issues in the feeding 

of patients suffering from dementia: a focus group study 

of hospital staff responses to conflicting principles. 

Nurs Ethics 2002;9(6):599-611. [Rec#: 36045] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wilson D. Continuity of End of Life Care. draft in press;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50894] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. Culture and End of Life Care. draft in press;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50899] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. End of Life Care in Acute Care Hospitals. draft in 

press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50897] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. End of Life Care in Intensive Care Units. draft in 

press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50902] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. End of Life Care in Residential Continuing-Care 

Facilities. draft in press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50898] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-243 

Wilson D. End of Life Care in Rural or Remote Areas. draft 

in press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50903] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. End of Life Case Management. draft in press;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50892] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. End of Life Spiritual and Psychosocial Issues. 

draft in press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50896] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. Gender Differences in the Experience of the 

Dying Process. draft in press;<25 Page(s)>. 

[Rec#: 50901] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. Interdisciplinary group meets to identify and help 

resolve ethical and practical issues of long-term tube 

feeding. AARN News Lett 93;49(8):14. [Rec#: 16389] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wilson D. Managing End of Life Pain and Other Symptoms 

Through Non-Pharmacological Means. draft in 

press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50895] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. Outcomes and Evaluation of End of Life Care. 

draft in press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50890] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. The Home As a Place of End of Life Care. draft in 

press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50900] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. The Needs of Dying Persons. draft in press;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50891] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson D. The Needs of the Families of Dying Persons. draft 

in press;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50893] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Wilson DM, Northcott HC, Truman CD, Smith SL, 

Anderson MC, Fainsinger RL, and Stingl MJ. Location 

of death in Canada. A comparison of 20th-century 

hospital and nonhospital locations of death and 

corresponding population trends. Eval Health Prof 

2001;24(4):385-403. [Rec#: 8233] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Wilson GR and Reisfield GM. More patients served by 

hospice, but still a last resort. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2003;20(3):173-4. Comment on: Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care. 2003 Jan-Feb;20(1):41-51. PMID: 12568436. 

[Rec#: 16391] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wilson IM, Bunting JS, Curnow RN, and Knock J. The need 

for inpatient palliative care facilities for noncancer 

patients in the Thames Valley. Palliat Med 

95;9(1):13-8. [Rec#: 16392] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Wilson JS. The return of Marcus Welby? Physicians making 

house calls. Home Healthc Nurse 92;10(5):61-3. 

[Rec#: 16394] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wilson MM. The management of dehydration in the nursing 

home. J Nutr Health Aging 99;3(1):53-61. [Rec#: 8240] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Wilson PE. Hospice volunteer training: making the 

experience more meaningful. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2000;17(2):107-10. [Rec#: 16400] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wilson SA and Daley BJ. Family perspectives on dying in 

long-term care settings. J Gerontol Nurs 

99;25(11):19-25. Comment in: J Gerontol Nurs. 1999 

Nov;25(11):6. PMID: 10776155. [Rec#: 8244] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Wilson SA, Kovach CR, and Stearns SA. Hospice concepts 

in the care of end-stage dementia. Geriatr Nurs 

96;17(1):6-10. [Rec#: 16403] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wilson SA. Hospice and Medicare benefits: overview, 

issues, and implications. J Holist Nurs 93;11(4):356-67. 

[Rec#: 16402] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wilson VC and Jacobson E. How can we dignify death in the 

ICU? Am J Nurs 90;90(5):38-42. [Rec#: 8245] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wilwerding MB, Loprinzi CL, Mailliard JA, O'Fallon JR, 

Miser AW, van Haelst C, Barton DL, Foley JF, and 

Athmann LM. A randomized, crossover evaluation of 

methylphenidate in cancer patients receiving strong 

narcotics. Support Care Cancer 95;3(2):135-8. 

[Rec#: 8249] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other symptoms only 

Wimmer DW and Hackler JM. Some further thoughts on 

adjustment, coping, and bereavement. New Dir Ment 

Health Serv 2000;(87):45-50. [Rec#: 16407] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-244 

Windham BG, Bennett RG, and Gottlieb S. Care 

management interventions for older patients with 

congestive heart failure. Am J Manag Care 

2003;9(6):447-59; quiz 460-1. [Rec#: 36058] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Winkel P, Statland BE, Brammer ME, Christau B, and 

Ostergaard ER. Present and projected consumption of 

hospital bed-days as a function of terminal days before 

death. Scand J Soc Med 90;18(1):39-44. [Rec#: 8254] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Winland-Brown JE. Death, denial, and defeat: older patients 

and advance directives. Adv Pract Nurs Q 

98;4(2):36-40. [Rec#: 8256] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Winstead-Fry, P. and Kijek, J. An integrative review and 

meta-analysis of therapeutic touch research. Altern 

Ther Health Med 99;5(6):58-67. [Rec#: 50156] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Winter SM. Terminal nutrition: framing the debate for the 

withdrawal of nutritional support in terminally ill 

patients. Am J Med 2000;109(9):723-6. Comment in: 

Am J Med. 2000 Dec 15;109(9):740-1. PMID: 

11137493. [Rec#: 16410] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Winters G, Glass E, and Sakurai C. Ethical issues in 

oncology nursing practice: an overview of topics and 

strategies. Oncol Nurs Forum 93;20(10 Suppl):21-34. 

[Rec#: 8266] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wirth G, Gudat H, and Henke H. Palliative care in a small 

medical clinic in Zurich, Switzerland. Support Care 

Cancer 2000;8(1):5-9. [Rec#: 16412] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wise TN and Mann LS. The relationship between 

somatosensory amplification, alexithymia, and 

neuroticism. J Psychosom Res 94;38(6):515-21. 

[Rec#: 8268] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wise TN, Mann LS, Mitchell JD, Hryvniak M, and Hill B. 

Secondary alexithymia: an empirical validation. Compr 

Psychiatry 90;31(4):284-8. [Rec#: 36064] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wiseman C. Bereavement care in an acute ward. Nurs Times 

92;88(20):34-5. [Rec#: 16413] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Witkowski A and Carlsson ME. Support group programme 

for relatives of terminally ill cancer patients. Support 

Care Cancer 2004. [Rec#: 8271] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Wittenberg J. An interrupted death. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

96;13(3):15-9. [Rec#: 8274] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Witter DM Jr, Tolle SW, and Moseley JR. A bereavement 

program: good care, quality assurance, and risk 

management. Hosp Health Serv Adm 90;35(2):263-75. 

[Rec#: 16416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Witthaus E, Ott A, Barendregt JJ, Breteler M, and Bonneux 

L. Burden of mortality and morbidity from dementia. 

Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 99;13(3):176-81. 

[Rec#: 36070] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Wodinsky HB. The costs of caring for cancer patients. J 

Palliat Care 92;8(1):24-7. [Rec#: 16418] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wolfe B. Grief and the family. Minn Med 2000;83(5):55-6. 

[Rec#: 16421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wolfe SL. Quality of life through rehabilitation at end of life. 

Cancer Pract 2002;10(4):174-8. [Rec#: 8286] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wolfelt AD. Toward an understanding of complicated grief: 

a comprehensive overview. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

91;8(2):28-30. [Rec#: 16423] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wolinsky FD and Tierney WM. Self-rated health and 

adverse health outcomes: an exploration and refinement 

of the trajectory hypothesis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci 

Soc Sci 98;53(6):S336-40. [Rec#: 8288] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Wolinsky FD, Smith DM, Stump TE, Overhage JM, and 

Lubitz RM. The sequelae of hospitalization for 

congestive heart failure among older adults. J Am 

Geriatr Soc 97;45(5):558-63. [Rec#: 50109] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wolinsky FD, Wyrwich KW, Babu AN, Kroenke K, and 

Tierney WM. Age, aging, and the sense of control 

among older adults: a longitudinal reconsideration. J 

Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2003;58(4):S212-20. 

[Rec#: 36086] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wolinsky FD, Wyrwich KW, Nienaber NA, and Tierney 

WM. Generic versus disease-specific health status 

measures. An example using coronary artery disease 

and congestive heart failure patients. Eval Health Prof 

98;21(2):216-43. [Rec#: 36087] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wolinsky, F. D., Overhage, J. M., Stump, T. E., Lubitz, R. 

M., and Smith, D. M. The risk of hospitalization for 

congestive heart failure among older adults. Medical 

Care 97;35(10):1031-43. [Rec#: 50822] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-245 

Wollin DA and Avanzato J. Physicians' obligations to 

withhold or withdraw life-sustaining medical treatment. 

R I Med 94;77(11):387-9. [Rec#: 16429] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wolski JC. Supporting the dying. Last chance? J Christ Nurs 

2000;17(2):32-3. [Rec#: 16432] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wood A and Seymour LM. Psychodynamic group therapy 

for older adults: the life experiences group. J Psychosoc 

Nurs Ment Health Serv 94;32(7):19-24. [Rec#: 8298] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Wood CG, Whittet S, and Bradbeer CS. ABC of palliative 

care. HIV infection and AIDS. BMJ 

97;315(7120):1433-6. [Rec#: 16441] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wood JD. Compassion 101. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

97;14(1):10-1. [Rec#: 16444] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Woodall HE and Dennis W. Comfort always. The Rainey 

Hospice House: South Carolina's first inpatient hospice. 

J S C Med Assoc 2003;99(8):224-6. [Rec#: 8302] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Woodroffe MA and Hays H. Fentanyl transdermal system. 

Pain management at home. Can Fam Physician 

97;43:268-72. [Rec#: 8304] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Woodruff RK, Jordan L, Eicke JP, and Chan A. Palliative 

care in a general teaching hospital. 2. Establishment of a 

service. Med J Aust 91;155(10):662-5. [Rec#: 16447] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Woods ML, Sloan L, and Arena C. Reacting swiftly to 

oncologic emergencies. JAAPA 2003;16(10):35-9. 

[Rec#: 36098] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Woods P and Ashley J. Simulated presence therapy: using 

selected memories to manage problem behaviors in 

Alzheimer's disease patients. Geriatr Nurs 

95;16(1):9-14. [Rec#: 36099] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Woodward CA and King B. Survivor focus groups: a quality 

assurance technique. Palliat Med 93;7(3):229-34. 

[Rec#: 16449] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Woodward VM. Caring, patient autonomy and the stigma of 

paternalism. J Adv Nurs 98;28(5):1046-52. 

[Rec#: 16450] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Woof WR and Carter YH. The grieving adult and the general 

practitioner: a literature review in two parts (Part 1). Br 

J Gen Pract 97;47(420):443-8. [Rec#: 8307] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Non-systematic review 

Woof WR. The future of bereavement care in British general 

practice. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 97;6(2):133-6. 

[Rec#: 16451] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Woolf L. Pain management in palliative care. Community 

Nurse 98;4(10):41-3. [Rec#: 16453] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wootton M. Morphine is not the only analgesic in palliative 

care: literature review. J Adv Nurs 2004;45(5):527-32. 

[Rec#: 8313] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Worden JW. Grieving a loss from AIDS. Hosp J 

91;7(1-2):143-50. [Rec#: 8316] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Workman S, McKeever P, Harvey W, and Singer PA. 

Intensive care nurses' and physicians' experiences with 

demands for treatment: some implications for clinical 

practice. J Crit Care 2003;18(1):17-21. Comment on: J 

Crit Care. 2003 Mar;18(1):22-4. PMID: 12640609. 

[Rec#: 16457] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

World Health Organization. Cancer Pain Relief. 1996;<25 

Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50823] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

World Health Organization. Symptom Relief in Terminal 

Illness. 1998;<25 Page(s)>. [Rec#: 50824] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Woyka J. Hospice at home. BMJ 95;311(7021):1687-8. 

[Rec#: 16460] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wrede-Seaman L. Symptom management algorithms for 

palliative care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

99;16(3):517-26. Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 

1999 Nov-Dec;16(6):701-4. PMID: 11094905. 

[Rec#: 16461] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Wrede-Seaman LD. Management of emergent conditions in 

palliative care. Prim Care 2001;28(2):317-28. 

[Rec#: 16462] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Wrede-Seaman LD. Treatment options to manage pain at the 

end of life. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001;18(2):89-101. 

[Rec#: 16463] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wrenn RL, Levinson D, and Papadatou D. End-of-life series, 

Part 3. Working with dying patients: caregivers need 

support too! Tex Nurs 99;73(10):6-8. [Rec#: 16465] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-246 

Wright D. Home massage for hospice patients. Nurs Spectr 

(Wash D C) 99;9(2):7. [Rec#: 16467] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wright F, Cohen S, and Caroselli C. Diverse decisions. How 

culture affects ethical decision making. Crit Care Nurs 

Clin North Am 97;9(1):63-74. [Rec#: 16468] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wright K and Flemons D. Dying to know: qualitative 

research with terminally ill persons and their families. 

Death Stud 2002;26(3):255-71. [Rec#: 16470] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wright K. Caring for the terminally ill: the district nurse's 

perspective. Br J Nurs 2002;11(18):1180-5. 

[Rec#: 16469] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wright K. Relationships with death: the terminally ill talk 

about dying. J Marital Fam Ther 2003;29(4):439-53. 

[Rec#: 8326] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Wright LD. The extreme importance of insignificance. J 

Palliat Med 2003;6(4):623-4. [Rec#: 16473] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wright MC. Chaplaincy in hospice and hospital: findings 

from a survey in England and Wales. Palliat Med 

2001;15(3):229-42. [Rec#: 16474] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wright MC. The essence of spiritual care: a 

phenomenological enquiry. Palliat Med 

2002;16(2):125-32. [Rec#: 16475] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Wright PM. A critical pathway for interdisciplinary hospice 

care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001;18(1):31-4. 

[Rec#: 16476] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wu, A. W., Damiano, A. M., Lynn, J., Alzola, C., Teno, J., 

Landefeld, C. S., Desbiens, N., Tsevat, J., Mayer-Oakes, 

A., and Harrell, F. E. Jr. Predicting future functional 

status for seriously ill hospitalized adults. The 

SUPPORT prognostic model. Annals of Internal 

Medicine 95;122(5):342-50. [Rec#: 50825] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Wu, A. W., Yasui, Y., Alzola, C., Galanos, A. N., Tsevat, J., 

Phillips, R. S., Connors, A. F. Jr., Teno, J. M., Wenger, 

N. S., and Lynn, J. Predicting functional status 

outcomes in hospitalized patients aged 80 years and 

older. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

2000;48(5 Suppl):S6-15. [Rec#: 50826] 

Exclude at abstract screening: primarily prognosis or 

trajectories 

Wurzbach ME. End-of-life treatment decisions in long-term 

care. J Gerontol Nurs 2002;28(6):14-21. [Rec#: 16483] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Wurzbach ME. The dilemma of withholding or withdrawing 

nutrition. Image J Nurs Sch 90;22(4):226-30. 

[Rec#: 16482] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wyatt P. The role of nurses in counselling the terminally ill 

patient. Br J Nurs 93;2(14):701-4. [Rec#: 16485] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Wyche CJ and Kerschbaum WE. Michigan hospice oral 

healthcare needs survey. J Dent Hyg 94;68(1):35-41. 

[Rec#: 16486] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Yalom I. Response to discussion of "Bereavement Groups: 

Techniques and Themes". Int J Group Psychother 

90;40(1):105-7. [Rec#: 16489] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Yalom ID and Lieberman MA. Bereavement and heightened 

existential awareness. Psychiatry 91;54(4):334-45. 

[Rec#: 8343] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Yampolskaya S and Winston N. Hospice care in prison: 

general principles and outcomes. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2003;20(4):290-6. [Rec#: 16490] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Yang MH and McIlfatrick S. Intensive care nurses' 

experiences of caring for dying patients: a 

phenomenological study. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2001;7(9):435-41. [Rec#: 8357] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Yang Z, Norton EC, and Stearns SC. Longevity and health 

care expenditures: the real reasons older people spend 

more. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 

2003;58(1):S2-10. [Rec#: 8358] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Yang-Lewis T and Moody HR. The forgetful mourner. 

Hastings Cent Rep 95;25(1):32; discussion 32-3. 

[Rec#: 8355] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-247 

Yanok J and Beifus JA. Communicating about loss and 

mourning: death education for individuals with mental 

retardation. Ment Retard 93;31(3):144-7. [Rec#: 8360] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Yarling RR and McElmurry BJ. Rethinking the nurse's role 

in "do not resuscitate" orders: a clinical policy proposal 

in nursing ethics. NLN Publ 90;(20-2294):327-34. 

[Rec#: 16494] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Yates JA, Rutsohn P, and Ibrahim N. An analysis of provider 

attitudes toward end-of-life decision-making. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(5):371-81. Erratum in: Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care. 2004 Jan-Feb;21(1):9. [Rec#: 43701] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Yates P and Stetz KM. Families' awareness of and response 

to dying. Oncol Nurs Forum 99;26(1):113-20. 

[Rec#: 8365] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Yates P and Stetz KM. Families' awareness of and response 

to dying. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2000;4(1):46. 

[Rec#: 16500] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Yates P, Hart G, Clinton M, McGrath P, and Gartry D. 

Exploring empathy as a variable in the evaluation of 

professional development programs for palliative care 

nurses. Cancer Nurs 98;21(6):402-10. [Rec#: 16499] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Yates P. Towards a reconceptualization of hope for patients 

with a diagnosis of cancer. J Adv Nurs 93;18(5):701-6. 

[Rec#: 16498] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Yates R, Lyons M, and Horstman A. Symptom control in 

advanced cancer: meeting the challenge. JAAPA 

2003;16(10):40-2, 45-9. Erratum in: JAAPA. 2003 

Nov;16(11):42. [Rec#: 16501] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Yedidia MJ and MacGregor B. Confronting the prospect of 

dying. reports of terminally ill patients. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2001;22(4):807-19. [Rec#: 8366] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Yeo W, Lam KK, Chan AT, Leung TW, Nip SY, and 

Johnson PJ. Transdermal fentanyl for severe 

cancer-related pain. Palliat Med 97;11(3):233-9. 

[Rec#: 8370] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Yeung EW, French P, and Leung AO. The impact of hospice 

inpatient care on the quality of life of patients terminally 

ill with cancer. Cancer Nurs 99;22(5):350-7. 

[Rec#: 8372] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Yin, T., Zhou, Q., and Bashford, C. Burden on family 

members: caring for frail elderly: a meta-analysis of 

interventions. Nurs Res 2002;51(3):199-208. 

[Rec#: 50157] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Yoo D. Who should be the medical director of a hospice 

program? J Palliat Care 91;7(2):37-8. [Rec#: 16509] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Youll J and Wilson K. A therapeutic approach to 

bereavement counselling. Nurs Times 96;92(16):40-2. 

[Rec#: 8387] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Youn G. Evaluating questions used to assess cognitive 

orientation for very old adults. Psychol Rep 96;78(3 Pt 

1):827-33. [Rec#: 36181] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Young AJ, Ofori-Boateng T, Rodriguez KL, and Plowman 

JL. Meaning and agency in discussing end-of-life care: 

a study of elderly veterans' values and interpretations. 

Qual Health Res 2003;13(8):1039-62. [Rec#: 8388] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Young JB. Hospital-based systems to improve quality of care 

for heart-failure patients. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2002;3 

Suppl 3:S36-41. [Rec#: 36183] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Young-Mason J. Aesthetic research: film. Clin Nurse Spec 

98;12(5):185-7. [Rec#: 16512] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Young-Mason J. Aesthetic research: literature. Clin Nurse 

Spec 99;13(2):74-5. [Rec#: 16513] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Young-Mason J. Music therapy: a healing art. Clin Nurse 

Spec 2002;16(3):153-4. [Rec#: 16515] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Youssef MS and Atkinson RE. Comparison of Teflon 

cannulas and metal needles for subcutaneous infusion in 

terminal care: a pilot study. BMJ 90;300(6728):847. 

[Rec#: 16527] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Yuen KJ, Behrndt MM, Jacklyn C, and Mitchell GK. 

Palliative care at home: general practitioners working 

with palliative care teams. Med J Aust 2003;179(6 

Suppl):S38-40. [Rec#: 16529] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-248 

Yun YH, Lee CG, Kim SY, Lee SW, Heo DS, Kim JS, Lee 

KS, Hong YS, Lee JS, and You CH. The attitudes of 

cancer patients and their families toward the disclosure 

of terminal illness. J Clin Oncol 2004;22(2):307-14. 

[Rec#: 8400] 

Notes: "EXCLUDE: Location, non-Western" 

Yuval R, Uziel K, Gordon N, Merdler A, Khader N, Karkabi 

B, Flugelman MY, Halon DA, and Lewis BS. Perceived 

benefit after participating in positive or negative/neutral 

heart failure trials: the patients' perspective. Eur J Heart 

Fail 2001;3(2):217-23. [Rec#: 36197] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zabalegui A. Palliative nursing care in Spain. Eur J Cancer 

Care (Engl) 2001;10(4):280-3. [Rec#: 16530] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zachrisson U and Furst CJ. Drug infusors in palliative 

medicine: a Swedish inquiry. J Pain Symptom Manage 

98;15(5):299-304. [Rec#: 16531] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Zadoff M. Viatical settlements--a financial resource for the 

terminally ill. Nurs Case Manag 2000;5(1):46-8. 

[Rec#: 8405] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zakotnik B. To tell or not to tell? Communication with 

cancer patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci 97;809:500-7. 

[Rec#: 16532] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zambroski CH. Hospice as an alternative model of care for 

older patients with end-stage heart failure. J Cardiovasc 

Nurs 2004;19(1):76-83; quiz 84-5. [Rec#: 8408] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zambroski CH. Qualitative analysis of living with heart 

failure. Heart Lung 2003;32(1):32-40. [Rec#: 36205] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zamierowski MJ and Gordon A. The use of creative art 

forms to enhance counselling skills of hospice 

professionals in dealing with the bereaved. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 95;12(1):5-8. [Rec#: 16534] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zanetti O, Frisoni GB, De Leo D, Dello Buono M, Bianchetti 

A, and Trabucchi M. Reality orientation therapy in 

Alzheimer disease: useful or not? A controlled study. 

Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 95;9(3):132-8. 

[Rec#: 36209] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Zappa SB and Cassileth BR. Complementary approaches to 

palliative oncological care. J Nurs Care Qual 

2003;18(1):22-6. [Rec#: 16538] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Zarate, C. A., Baldessarini, R. J., Siegel, A. J., Nakamura, 

A., McDonald, J., and Muir-Hutchinson, L. A. 

Risperidone in the elderly: a pharmacoepidemiologic 

study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 97;58:311-317. 

[Rec#: 50827] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zarbock SF. Compassionate care for dying patients. Home 

Care Provid 96;1(1):39-40. [Rec#: 16539] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zauszniewski JA and Ahmad M. Patterns of depressive 

symptoms in three groups of depressed adults. Issues 

Ment Health Nurs 2000;21(7):711-20. [Rec#: 8411] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zautra AJ, Reich JW, and Guarnaccia CA. Some everyday 

life consequences of disability and bereavement for 

older adults. J Pers Soc Psychol 90;59(3):550-61. 

[Rec#: 8413] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zaw-Tun, N. and Bruera, E. Active metabolites of morphine. 

Journal of Palliative Care 92;8(2):48-50. [Rec#: 50828] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zaza C and Sellick S. Assessing the impact of 

evidence-based continuing education on 

nonpharmacologic management of cancer pain. J 

Cancer Educ 99;14(3):164-7. [Rec#: 16541] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zaza, C. and Baine, N. Cancer pain and psychosocial factors: 

a critical review of the literature. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2002;24(5):526-42. [Rec#: 50158] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Review/Meta 

Zeitlin SV. Grief and bereavement. Prim Care 

2001;28(2):415-25. [Rec#: 8415] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zekry HA and Reddy SK. Opioid and Nonopioid Therapy in 

Cancer Pain: The Traditional and the New. Curr Rev 

Pain 99;3(3):237-247. [Rec#: 8416] 

Exclude at abstract screening: useful only for 

background 

Zekry, H. A. and Bruera, E. Regional pain syndromes in 

cancer patients. Current Review of Pain 

2000;4(3):179-86. [Rec#: 50829] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zelewsky MG and Birchfield M. Common ground: the 

nurse's role in caring for terminally ill patients with 

cancer or human immunodeficiency virus disease. 

Home Healthc Nurse 92;10(4):12-7. [Rec#: 16542] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zenz M. Germany: status of cancer pain and palliative care. 

J Pain Symptom Manage 93;8(6):416-8. [Rec#: 16543] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-249 

Zepetella, G. The palliation of dyspnea in terminal disease. 

American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 

98;322-330. [Rec#: 50830] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zeppetella G. An assessment of the safety, efficacy, and 

acceptability of intranasal fentanyl citrate in the 

management of cancer-related breakthrough pain: a 

pilot study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000;20(4):253-8. 

[Rec#: 8421] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Zeppetella G. How do terminally ill patients at home take 

their medication? Palliat Med 99;13(6):469-75. 

[Rec#: 8422] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Other topic only 

Zeppetella G. Nebulized morphine in the palliation of 

dyspnoea. Palliat Med 97;11(4):267-75. [Rec#: 8423] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zeppetella G. The palliation of dyspnea in terminal disease. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 98;15(6):322-30. [Rec#: 16544] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zeppetella, G. An assessment of the safety, efficacy, and 

acceptability of intranasal fentanyl citrate in the 

management of cancer-related breakthrough pain: a 

pilot study. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 

2000;20(4):253-8. [Rec#: 50831] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Zeppetella, G. and Ribeiro, M. Opioids for the management 

of episodic pain in cancer patients. The Cochrane 

Library 2003;3. [Rec#: 50832] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zerwekh J. The truth-tellers. How hospice nurses help 

patients confront death. Am J Nurs 94;94(2):30-4. 

[Rec#: 16547] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zerwekh J. Transcending life: the practice wisdom of nursing 

hospice experts. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

93;10(5):26-31. [Rec#: 16546] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Zerwekh JV. A family caregiving model for hospice nursing. 

Hosp J 95;10(1):27-44. [Rec#: 16549] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Zerwekh JV. Do dying patients really need i.v. fluids? Am J 

Nurs 97;97(3):26-30; quiz 31. Comment in: Am J Nurs. 

1997 May;97(5):16. PMID: 9155786. [Rec#: 16548] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zerwekh JV. Wisdom and falsehoods: naming the practice 

wisdom of nursing in the home and the falsehoods 

opposing that practice. Holist Nurs Pract 

97;11(4):46-55. [Rec#: 16550] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Zhang AY and Siminoff LA. The role of the family in 

treatment decision making by patients with cancer. 

Oncol Nurs Forum 2003;30(6):1022-8. [Rec#: 8429] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - 

Qualitative 

Zhukovsky DS. A model of palliative care: the palliative 

medicine program of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. 

A World Health Organization Demonstrations Project. 

Support Care Cancer 2000;8(4):268-77. [Rec#: 16552] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zhukovsky DS. Fever and sweats in the patient with 

advanced cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 

2002;16(3):579-88, viii. [Rec#: 16551] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zick CD and Smith KR. Patterns of economic change 

surrounding the death of a spouse. J Gerontol 

91;46(6):S310-20. [Rec#: 8434] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Ziegler J. Money is no obstacle to end-of-life care. Bus 

Health 97;15(11):27, 30-2. [Rec#: 16555] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zielinski CC. Making treatment choices: a physician's 

discussion of patients' needs. Semin Oncol 2003;30(2 

Suppl 3):27-9. [Rec#: 16556] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zimmer, J. G., Groth-Juncker, A., and McCusker, J. A 

randomized controlled study of a home health care 

team. American Journal of Public Health 

85;75(2):134-41. [Rec#: 50834] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Zimmer, J. G., Groth-Juncker, A., and McCusker, J. Effects 

of a physician-led home care team on terminal care. 

Journal of the American Geriatric Society 

84;32(4):288-92. [Rec#: 50833] 

Exclude at abstract screening: data older than 1990 

Zimmerman S, Sloane PD, Hanson L, Mitchell CM, and Shy 

A. Staff perceptions of end-of-life care in long-term 

care. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003;4(1):23-6. 

[Rec#: 16557] 

Exclude at abstract screening: outcome unrelated to 

pts/family/non-prof 

Zimmermann C and Rodin G. The denial of death thesis: 

sociological critique and implications for palliative care. 

Palliat Med 2004;18(2):121-8. [Rec#: 8439] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix I. Bibliography of Excluded Abstracts 

I-250 

Zinn C. Hospice: from grassroots to the mainstream. W V 

Med J 95;91(4):136-8. [Rec#: 16558] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zisook S and Shuchter SR. Depression through the first year 

after the death of a spouse. Am J Psychiatry 

91;148(10):1346-52. Comment in: Am J Psychiatry. 

1992 Apr;149(4):579-80. PMID: 1510748. [Rec#: 8445] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Zisook S and Shuchter SR. Early psychological reaction to 

the stress of widowhood. Psychiatry 91;54(4):320-33. 

[Rec#: 8446] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Zisook S and Shuchter SR. Uncomplicated bereavement. J 

Clin Psychiatry 93;54(10):365-72. [Rec#: 8447] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Zisook S, Chentsova-Dutton Y, and Shuchter SR. PTSD 

following bereavement. Ann Clin Psychiatry 

98;10(4):157-63. [Rec#: 8442] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Zisook S, Schneider D, and Shuchter SR. Anxiety and 

bereavement. Psychiatr Med 90;8(2):83-96. 

[Rec#: 8444] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Zisook S, Shuchter SR, Irwin M, Darko DF, Sledge P, and 

Resovsky K. Bereavement, depression, and immune 

function. Psychiatry Res 94;52(1):1-10. [Rec#: 8448] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Observational study 

Zisook S, Shuchter SR, Pedrelli P, Sable J, and Deaciuc SC. 

Bupropion sustained release for bereavement: results of 

an open trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(4):227-30. 

[Rec#: 8449] 

Exclude at abstract screening: 

chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Zisook S, Shuchter SR, Sledge P, and Mulvihill M. Aging 

and bereavement. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 

93;6(3):137-43. [Rec#: 8450] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Study Design - Unclear 

Zisook S, Shuchter SR, Sledge PA, Paulus M, and Judd LL. 

The spectrum of depressive phenomena after spousal 

bereavement. J Clin Psychiatry 94;55 Suppl:29-36. 

[Rec#: 8451] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Bereavement only 

Zitman FG, Linssen AC, and Van HR. Chronic pain beyond 

patienthood. J Nerv Ment Dis 92;180(2):97-100. 

[Rec#: 8452] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zoloth L. Limiting access to medical treatment in an age of 

medical progress: developing a Catholic consensus: a 

response from Jewish tradition. Christ Bioeth 

2001;7(2):193-201. [Rec#: 16563] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zuccala G, Onder G, Pedone C, Cocchi A, Carosella L, 

Cattel C, Carbonin PU, and Bernabei R. Cognitive 

dysfunction as a major determinant of disability in 

patients with heart failure: results from a multicentre 

survey. On behalf of the GIFA (SIGG-ONLUS) 

Investigators. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 

2001;70(1):109-12. [Rec#: 36250] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zuckerman AM and Johnson TK. Niche services. Fifth in a 

series examining revenue growth strategies in a difficult 

health care market. Health Prog 2002;83(1):23-8, 51. 

[Rec#: 16566] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zuckerman C and Wollner D. End of life care and decision 

making: how far we have come, how far we have to go. 

Hosp J 99;14(3-4):85-107. [Rec#: 8460] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 

Zuckerman C. Issues concerning end-of-life care. J Long 

Term Home Health Care 97;16(2):26-34. [Rec#: 8459] 

Exclude at abstract screening: Title Only 

Zuin D, Ortiz H, Boromei D, and Lopez OL. Motor vehicle 

crashes and abnormal driving behaviours in patients 

with dementia in Mendoza, Argentina. Eur J Neurol 

2002;9(1):29-34. [Rec#: 36253] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zwart H. The resurgence of nature-speak. Health Care Anal 

94;2(3):221-6. [Rec#: 16568] 

Exclude at abstract screening: not about end of life 

Zweig S and Mehr DR. Helping older patients and their 

families decide about end-of-life care. Mo Med 

2003;100(1):62-8. [Rec#: 8462] 

Exclude at abstract screening: no outcomes specified 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Aaronson, N. K., Ahmedzai, S., Bergman, B., Bullinger, M., Cull,

A., Duez, N. J., Filiberti, A., Flechtner, H., Fleishman, S. B., de

Haes, J. C., and et, a. l. The European Organization for Research 

and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument 

for use in international clinical trials in oncology. J Natl Cancer

Inst 93;85(5):365-76. [Rec#: 50857]

article not received prior to report production 

Adam SJ. Palliative care for patients with a failed liver transplant. 

Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2000;16(6):396-402. [Rec#: 9044]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Alexander P. An investigation of inpatient referrals to a clinical 

psychologist in a hospice. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)

2004;13(1):36-44. [Rec#: 118]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

American Pain Society Quality of Care Committee. Quality 

improvement guidelines for the treatment of acute pain and 

cancer pain. A. JAMA 95;274(23):1874-80. [Rec#: 50185]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Angeles-Llerenas A, Alvarez del Rio A, Salazar-Martinez E, KrausWeissman A, Zamora-Munoz S, Hernandez-Avila M, and 

Lazcano-Ponce E. Perceptions of nurses with regard to doctorpatient communication. Br J Nurs 2003-2004;12(22):1312-21.

[Rec#: 198]

article not received prior to report production 

Annunziata MA, Talamini R, Tumolo S, Rossi C, and Monfardini S.

Physicians and death: comments and behaviour of 605 doctors 

in the north-east of Italy. Support Care Cancer 96;4(5):334-40.

Comment on: Support Care Cancer. 1996 Sep;4(5):325-6.

PMID: 8883224. [Rec#: 205]

article not received prior to report production 

Axelsson B and Christensen SB. Evaluation of a hospital-based 

palliative support service with particular regard to financial 

outcome measures. Palliat Med 98;12(1):41-9. [Rec#: 275] 

article not received prior to report production 

Axelsson B and Sjoden PO. Quality of life of cancer patients and 

their spouses in palliative home care. Palliat Med 98;12(1):29-

39. [Rec#: 279]

article not received prior to report production 

Balentine J, Gaeta T, Rao N, and Brandon B. Emergency department 

do-not-attempt-resuscitation orders: next-of-kin response to the 

emergency physician. Acad Emerg Med 96;3(1):54-7.

Comment in: Acad Emerg Med. 1997 Jan;4(1):83-4. PMID: 

9110020. [Rec#: 40170]

article not received prior to report production 

Bass DM and Bowman K. The transition from caregiving to 

bereavement: the relationship of care-related strain and 

adjustment to death. Gerontologist 90;30(1):35-42. [Rec#: 412]

article not received prior to report production 

Becker LJ, Yeargin K, Rea TD, Owens M, and Eisenberg MS.

Resuscitation of residents with do not resuscitate orders in longterm care facilities. Prehosp Emerg Care 2003;7(3):303-6. 

[Rec#: 454]

article not received prior to report production 

Bentley A and Boyd K. Use of clinical pictures in the management 

of nausea and vomiting: a prospective audit. Palliat Med 

2001;15(3):247-53. [Rec#: 494]

article not received prior to report production 

Blenkharn A, Faughnan S, and Morgan A. Developing a pain 

assessment tool for use by nurses in an adult intensive care unit. 

Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2002;18(6):332-41. [Rec#: 40316]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Bock KR, Teres D, and Rapoport J. Economic implications of the 

timing of do-not-resuscitate orders for ICU patients. New Horiz

97;5(1):51-5. [Rec#: 9626]

article not received prior to report production 

Borasio GD, Shaw PJ, Hardiman O, Ludolph AC, Sales Luis ML,

Silani V, and European ALS Study Group. Standards of 

palliative care for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: 

results of a European survey. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other

Motor Neuron Disord 2001;2(3):159-64. [Rec#: 9667]

article not received prior to report production 

Borneman T, Chu DZ, Wagman L, Ferrell B, Juarez G, McCahill 

LE, and Uman G. Concerns of family caregivers of patients with 

cancer facing palliative surgery for advanced malignancies. 

Oncol Nurs Forum 2003;30(6):997-1005. [Rec#: 676]

article not received prior to report production 

Boyd KJ and Kelly M. Oral morphine as symptomatic treatment of 

dyspnoea in patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med

97;11(4):277-81. [Rec#: 731]

article not received prior to report production 

Boyd KJ. Short terminal admissions to a hospice. Palliat Med 

93;7(4):289-94. [Rec#: 729]

article not received prior to report production 

Bozzetti F, Amadori D, Bruera E, Cozzaglio L, Corli O, Filiberti A, 

Rapin CH, Neuenschwander H, Aoun M, Ricci SB, De Conno 

F, Doci R, Garrone M, Gentilini M, Lery N, Mantell M,

Sheldon-Collins R, and Trompino G. Guidelines on artificial 

nutrition versus hydration in terminal cancer patients. European 

Association for Palliative Care. Nutrition 96;12(3):163-7. 

[Rec#: 9716]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Brock DB, Foley DJ, and Salive ME. Hospital and nursing home use 

in the last three months of life. J Aging Health 96;8(3):307-19.

[Rec#: 810]

article not received prior to report production 

Bruera E, Belzile M, Watanabe S, and Fainsinger RL. Volume of 

hydration in terminal cancer patients. Support Care Cancer

96;4(2):147-50. [Rec#: 865]

article not received prior to report production 

Bruera, E., Brenneis, C., Michaud, M., MacMillan, K., Hanson, J., 

and MacDonald, R. N. Patient-controlled subcutaneous 

hydromorphone versus continuous subcutaneous infusion for the 

treatment of cancer pain. Journal of the National Cancer

Institute 88;80(14):1152-4. [Rec#: 50253] 

Recoded: data older than 1990 

Bruera, E., Carraro, S., Roca, E., Barugel, M., and Chacon, R. 

Double-blind evaluation of the effects of mazindol on pain,

depression, anxiety, appetite, and activity in terminal cancer 

patients. Cancer Treatment Reports 86;70(2):295-8. [Rec#: 

50258]

Recoded: data older than 1990 

Bruera, E., Chadwick, S., Brenneis, C., Hanson, J., and MacDonald,

R. N. Methylphenidate associated with narcotics for the 

treatment of cancer pain. Cancer Treatment Reports 

87;71(1):67-70. [Rec#: 50261]

Recoded: data older than 1990 

J-1 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Bruera, E., Fainsinger, R., MacEachern, T., and Hanson, J. The use 

of methylphenidate in patients with incident cancer pain

receiving regular opiates. A preliminary report. Pain 

92;50(1):75-7. [Rec#: 50263]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Bruera, E., Roca, E., Cedaro, L., Carraro, S., and Chacon, R. Action

of oral methylprednisolone in terminal cancer patients: a 

prospective randomized double-blind study. Cancer Treatment 

Reports 85;69(7-8):751-4. [Rec#: 50295]

Recoded: data older than 1990 

Bucher JA, Trostle GB, and Moore M. Family reports of cancer pain, 

pain relief, and prescription access. Cancer Pract 99;7(2):71-7. 

[Rec#: 899]

article not received prior to report production 

Butler JV, Pooviah PK, Cunningham D, and Hasan M. Improving 

decision-making and documentation relating to do not attempt 

resuscitation orders. Resuscitation 2003;57(2):139-44. [Rec#: 

40494]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Butters E, Higginson I, George R, Smits A, and McCarthy M.

Assessing the symptoms, anxiety and practical needs of

HIV/AIDS patients receiving palliative care. Qual Life Res 

92;1(1):47-51. [Rec#: 950]

article not received prior to report production 

Calam B and Andrew R. CPR or DNR? End-of-life decision making 

on a family practice teaching ward. Can Fam Physician 

2000;46:340-6. [Rec#: 975]

article not received prior to report production 

Castle NG and Mor V. Advance care planning in nursing homes: 

pre- and post-Patient Self-Determination Act. Health Serv Res 

98;33(1):101-24. [Rec#: 40551]

article not received prior to report production 

Castle NG, Mor V, and Banaszak-Holl J. Special care hospice units 

in nursing homes. Hosp J 97;12(3):59-69. [Rec#: 10112]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Centeno-Cortes C and Nunez-Olarte JM. Questioning diagnosis 

disclosure in terminal cancer patients: a prospective study 

evaluating patients' responses. Palliat Med 94;8(1):39-44. 

[Rec#: 10138]

article not received prior to report production 

Chan A and Woodruff RK. Comparison of palliative care needs of 

English- and non-English-speaking patients. J Palliat Care

99;15(1):26-30. [Rec#: 1148]

article not received prior to report production 

Chaplin J. Pressure sore risk assessment in palliative care. J Tissue 

Viability 2000;10(1):27-31. [Rec#: 10161] 

article not received prior to report production 

Christakis NA, Iwashyna TJ, and Zhang JX. Care after the onset of 

serious illness: a novel claims-based dataset exploiting 

substantial cross-set linkages to study end-of-life care. J Palliat

Med 2002;5(4):515-29. [Rec#: 10222]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Clayton J, Fardell B, Hutton-Potts J, Webb D, and Chye R.

Parenteral antibiotics in a palliative care unit: prospective 

analysis of current practice. Palliat Med 2003;17(1):44-8. 

[Rec#: 1329]

Recoded: about chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Cobb JL, Glantz MJ, Nicholas PK, Martin EW, Paul-Simon A, Cole 

BF, and Corless IB. Delirium in patients with cancer at the end 

of life. Cancer Pract 2000;8(4):172-7. [Rec#: 1354]

article not received prior to report production 

Cohen SR, Boston P, Mount BM, and Porterfield P. Changes in 

quality of life following admission to palliative care units. 

Palliat Med 2001;15(5):363-71. [Rec#: 1382] 

article not received prior to report production 

Cohen SR, Mount BM, Bruera E, Provost M, Rowe J, and Tong K.

Validity of the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire in the 

palliative care setting: a multi-centre Canadian study 

demonstrating the importance of the existential domain. Palliat

Med 97;11(1):3-20. [Rec#: 10315]

article not received prior to report production 

Cole BE. The psychiatric management of end-of-life pain and 

associated psychiatric comorbidity. Curr Pain Headache Rep 

2003;7(2):89-97. [Rec#: 10320]

Recoded: useful only for background

Cook AM, Finlay IG, Edwards AG, Hood K, Higginson IJ, Goodwin 

DM, Normand CE, and Douglas HR. Efficiency of searching the 

grey literature in palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;22(3):797-801. [Rec#: 10373]

article not received prior to report production 

Costantini M, Higginson IJ, Boni L, Orengo MA, Garrone E,

Henriquet F, and Bruzzi P. Effect of a palliative home care team

on hospital admissions among patients with advanced cancer. 

Palliat Med 2003;17(4):315-21. [Rec#: 1478] 

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Covinsky KE, Landefeld CS, Teno J, Connors AF Jr, Dawson N,

Youngner S, Desbiens N, Lynn J, Fulkerson W, Reding D, Oye 

R, and Phillips RS. Is economic hardship on the families of the 

seriously ill associated with patient and surrogate care 

preferences? SUPPORT Investigators. Arch Intern Med 

96;156(15):1737-41. [Rec#: 1502]

article not received prior to report production 

Cowley AJ and Skene AM. Treatment of severe heart failure: 

quantity or quality of life? A trial of enoximone. Enoximone 

Investigators. Br Heart J 94;72(3):226-30. Comment in: Br

Heart J. 1995 Jun;73(6):584. PMID: 7626364. [Rec#: 31102]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Crane RA. Intermittent subcutaneous infusion of opioids in hospice 

home care: an effective, economical, manageable option. Am J

Hosp Palliat Care 94;11(1):8-12. [Rec#: 10483] 

article not received prior to report production 

Dangler LA, O'Donnell J, Gingrich C, and Bope ET. What do family

members expect from the family physician of a deceased loved 

one? Fam Med 96;28(10):694-7. Comment in: Fam Med. 1996 

Nov-Dec;28(10):692-3. PMID: 8937868. [Rec#: 10568]

article not received prior to report production 

Davison BJ and Degner LF. Promoting patient decision making in 

life-and-death situations. Semin Oncol Nurs 98;14(2):129-36.

[Rec#: 10634]

article not received prior to report production 

DeCourtney CA, Jones K, Merriman MP, Heavener N, and Branch 

PK. Establishing a culturally sensitive palliative care program in 

rural Alaska Native American communities. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(3):501-10. [Rec#: 10682]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

J-2 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Dellasega C and Zerbe TM. Caregivers of frail rural older adults. 

Effects of an advanced practice nursing intervention. J Gerontol 

Nurs 2002;28(10):40-9. [Rec#: 40850]

article not received prior to report production 

Detmar SB, Muller MJ, Schornagel JH, Wever LD, and Aaronson 

NK. Role of health-related quality of life in palliative 

chemotherapy treatment decisions. J Clin Oncol 

2002;20(4):1056-62. [Rec#: 1795]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Devlen, J., Maguire, P., Phillips, P., and Crowther, D. Psychological 

problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of 

lymphomas. II: Prospective study. British Medical Journal 

Clinical Research Ed. 87;295(6604):955-7. [Rec#: 50381]

article not received prior to report production 

Devlen, J., Maguire, P., Phillips, P., Crowther, D., and Chambers, H. 

Psychological problems associated with diagnosis and treatment 

of lymphomas. I: Retrospective study. British Medical Journal 

Clinical Research Ed. 87;295(6604):953-4. [Rec#: 50382]

article not received prior to report production 

Donnelly S. Folklore associated with dying in the west of Ireland. 

Palliat Med 99;13(1):57-62. [Rec#: 10796] 

Recoded: exclude for design 

Dooneief G, Marder K, Tang MX, and Stern Y. The Clinical 

Dementia Rating scale: community-based validation of 

"profound' and "terminal' stages. Neurology 96;46(6):1746-9.

[Rec#: 1902]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Dunn, S. M., Patterson, P. U., Butow, P. N., Smartt, H. H.,

McCarthy, W. H., and Tattersall, M. H. Cancer by another

name: a randomized trial of the effects of euphemism and 

uncertainty in communicating with cancer patients. Journal of 

Clinical Oncology 93;11(5):989-96. [Rec#: 50393]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Edmonds, P., Karlsen, S., Khan, S., and Addington-Hall, J. A 

comparison of the palliative care needs of patients dying from

chronic respiratory diseases and lung cancer. Palliative

Medicine 2001;15(4):287-95. [Rec#: 50395]

article not received prior to report production 

Ejaz FK. The influence of religious and personal values on nursing 

home residents' attitudes toward life-sustaining treatments. Soc 

Work Health Care 2000;32(2):23-39. [Rec#: 2052]

article not received prior to report production 

Ellershaw JE, Kinder C, Aldridge J, Allison M, and Smith JC. Care

of the dying: is pain control compromised or enhanced by

continuation of the fentanyl transdermal patch in the dying 

phase? J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24(4):398-403.

Comment in: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003 Jul;26(1):589-90; 

author reply 590. PMID: 12850638. [Rec#: 2074]

article not received prior to report production 

Emanuel EJ, Young-Xu Y, Levinsky NG, Gazelle G, Saynina O, and 

Ash AS. Chemotherapy use among Medicare beneficiaries at the 

end of life. Ann Intern Med 2003;138(8):639-43. [Rec#: 2094]

article not received prior to report production 

Erdek MA and Pronovost PJ. Improving assessment and treatment of 

pain in the critically ill. Int J Qual Health Care 2004;16(1):59-

64. [Rec#: 41009]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Ernst, D. S., MacDonald, R. N., Paterson, A. H., Jensen, J., Brasher,

P., and Bruera, E. A double-blind, crossover trial of intravenous 

clodronate in metastatic bone pain. Journal of Pain & Symptom

Management 92;7(1):4-11. [Rec#: 50401]

article not received prior to report production 

Esnaola NF, Cantor SB, Johnson ML, Mirza AN, Miller AR, Curley

SA, Crane CH, Cleeland CS, Janjan NA, and Skibber JM. Pain 

and quality of life after treatment in patients with locally

recurrent rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(21):4361-7.

[Rec#: 2137]

Recoded: about chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Evans WK, Will BP, Berthelot JM, and Wolfson MC. Estimating the 

cost of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment in Canada: the 

POHEM model. Can J Oncol 95;5(4):408-19. [Rec#: 11062]

article not received prior to report production 

Eve A and Smith AM. Survey of hospice and palliative care 

inpatient units in the UK and Ireland, 1993. Palliat Med 

96;10(1):13-21. [Rec#: 11065]

article not received prior to report production 

Fakhoury WK and McCarthy M. Can the experience of caring at 

home affect carers' retrospective evaluation of community care 

services? Scand J Caring Sci 98;12(3):179-85. [Rec#: 2191]

article not received prior to report production 

Fantoni M, Ricci F, Del Borgo C, Bevilacqua N, Izzi I, Damiano F,

and Marasca G. Symptom profile in terminally ill AIDS

patients. AIDS Patient Care STDS 96;10(3):171-3. [Rec#: 

11100]

article not received prior to report production 

Farran CJ, Miller BH, Kaufman JE, Donner E, and Fogg L. Finding 

meaning through caregiving: development of an instrument for

family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease. J Clin 

Psychol 99;55(9):1107-25. [Rec#: 31551]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Femia EE, Zarit SH, and Johansson B. The disablement process in 

very late life: a study of the oldest-old in Sweden. J Gerontol B 

Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2001;56(1):P12-23. [Rec#: 41048]

article not received prior to report production 

Fontaine K and Rositani R. Cost, quality, and satisfaction with 

hospice after-hours care. Hosp J 2000;15(1):1-13. [Rec#: 

11288]

article not received prior to report production 

Foti ME. "Do It Your Way": a demonstration project on end-of-life 

care for persons with serious mental illness. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(4):661-9. [Rec#: 2386]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Franic DM and Pathak DS. Effect of including (versus excluding)

fates worse than death on utility measurement. Int J Technol 

Assess Health Care 2003;19(2):347-61. [Rec#: 2408]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Fulton C. The prevalence and detection of psychiatric morbidity in 

patients with metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

98;7(4):232-9. [Rec#: 31764]

article not received prior to report production 

Gamble ER, McDonald PJ, and Lichstein PR. Knowledge, attitudes, 

and behavior of elderly persons regarding living wills. Arch 

Intern Med 91;151(2):277-80. [Rec#: 2531]

article not received prior to report production 

J-3 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Ganzini L, Johnston WS, and Silveira MJ. The final month of life in 

patients with ALS. Neurology 2002;59(3):428-31. [Rec#: 

11441]

article not received prior to report production 

Gauthier DM and Froman RD. Preferences for care near the end of

life: scale development and validation. Res Nurs Health

2001;24(4):298-306. [Rec#: 2568]

article not received prior to report production 

Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, and Cole BF. Evaluation of effectiveness: 

Q-TWiST. The International Breast Cancer Study Group. 

Cancer Treat Rev 93;19 Suppl A:73-84. [Rec#: 2586]

Recoded: about chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Gessert CE and Calkins DR. Rural-urban differences in end-of-life 

care: the use of feeding tubes. J Rural Health 2001;17(1):16-24.

[Rec#: 2609]

article not received prior to report production 

Gessert CE, Curry NM, and Robinson A. Ethnicity and end-of-life 

care: the use of feeding tubes. Ethn Dis 2001;11(1):97-106.

[Rec#: 11501]

article not received prior to report production 

Gilbert M, Counsell CM, Guin P, O'Neill R, and Briggs S. 

Determining the relationship between end-of-life decisions 

expressed in advance directives and resuscitation efforts during 

cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Outcomes Manag Nurs Pract 

2001;5(2):87-92. [Rec#: 2638]

article not received prior to report production 

Ginsburg ML, Quirt C, Ginsburg AD, and MacKillop WJ.

Psychiatric illness and psychosocial concerns of patients with 

newly diagnosed lung cancer. CMAJ 95;152(5):701-8.

Comment in: CMAJ. 1995 Jun 15;152(12):1961-3. PMID: 

7780903. [Rec#: 31910]

article not received prior to report production 

Glare P, Walsh D, Groh E, and Nelson KA. The efficacy and side 

effects of continuous infusion intravenous morphine (CIVM) for

pain and symptoms due to advanced cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2002;19(5):343-50. [Rec#: 2666]

article not received prior to report production 

Goldberg LR, Piette JD, Walsh MN, Frank TA, Jaski BE, Smith AL, 

Rodriguez R, Mancini DM, Hopton LA, Orav EJ, Loh E, and 

WHARF Investigators. Randomized trial of a daily electronic 

home monitoring system in patients with advanced heart failure: 

the Weight Monitoring in Heart Failure (WHARF) trial. Am

Heart J 2003;146(4):705-12. [Rec#: 31947]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Goodman MD, Tarnoff M, and Slotman GJ. Effect of advance 

directives on the management of elderly critically ill patients. 

Crit Care Med 98;26(4):701-4. [Rec#: 41266]

article not received prior to report production 

Goodyer LI, Miskelly F, and Milligan P. Does encouraging good 

compliance improve patients' clinical condition in heart failure? 

Br J Clin Pract 95;49(4):173-6. Comment in: Br J Clin Pract. 

1995 Jul-Aug;49(4):171. PMID: 7547152. [Rec#: 31978]

article not received prior to report production 

Grady A and Travers E. Hospice at home 2: evaluating a crisis 

intervention service. Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(8):326-35. [Rec#: 

2766]

article not received prior to report production 

Grande GE, Todd CJ, and Barclay SI. Support needs in the last year

of life: patient and carer dilemmas. Palliat Med 97;11(3):202-8. 

[Rec#: 2778]

article not received prior to report production 

Greisinger AJ, Lorimor RJ, Aday LA, Winn RJ, and Baile WF.

Terminally ill cancer patients. Their most important concerns. 

Cancer Pract 97;5(3):147-54. [Rec#: 11708]

article not received prior to report production 

Grey A. The spiritual component of palliative care. Palliat Med 

94;8(3):215-21. [Rec#: 11711]

Recoded: useful only for background

Griffith CH 3rd, Wilson JF, Emmett KR, Ramsbottom-Lucier M,

and Rich EC. Knowledge and experience with Alzheimer's 

disease. Relationship to resuscitation preference. Arch Fam

Med 95;4(9):780-4. [Rec#: 32062]

article not received prior to report production 

Grigioni F, Carigi S, Grandi S, Potena L, Coccolo F, BacchiReggiani L, Magnani G, Tossani E, Musuraca AC, Magelli C, 

and Branzi A. Distance between patients' subjective perceptions 

and objectively evaluated disease severity in chronic heart 

failure. Psychother Psychosom 2003;72(3):166-70. [Rec#: 

32067]

article not received prior to report production 

Grocott P and Cowley S. The palliative management of fungating 

malignant wounds--generalising from multiple-case study data 

using a system of reasoning. Int J Nurs Stud 2001;38(5):533-45.

[Rec#: 11722]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Grond S, Zech D, Schug SA, Lynch J, and Lehmann KA. Validation 

of World Health Organization guidelines for cancer pain relief 

during the last days and hours of life. J Pain Symptom Manage 

91;6(7):411-22. [Rec#: 2838]

article not received prior to report production 

Gutgsell T, Walsh D, Zhukovsky DS, Gonzales F, and Lagman R. A 

prospective study of the pathophysiology and clinical 

characteristics of pain in a palliative medicine population. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(2):140-8. [Rec#: 2878] 

article not received prior to report production 

Haggmark C, Bachner M, and Theorell T. A follow-up of 

psychological state in relatives of cancer patients one year after 

the patient's death. Effects of an activation programme. Acta 

Oncol 91;30(6):677-84. [Rec#: 2911]

Recoded: data older than 1990 

Haley WE, LaMonde LA, Han B, Narramore S, and Schonwetter R.

Family caregiving in hospice: effects on psychological and 

health functioning among spousal caregivers of hospice patients 

with lung cancer or dementia. Hosp J 2001;15(4):1-18. [Rec#: 

2938]

article not received prior to report production 

Hamel, M. B., Teno, J. M., Goldman, L., Lynn, J., Davis, R. B., 

Galanos, A. N., Desbiens, N., Connors, A. F. Jr., Wenger, N.,

and Phillips, R. S. Patient age and decisions to withhold lifesustaining treatments from seriously ill, hospitalized adults. 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. Annals of

Internal Medicine 99;130(2):116-25. [Rec#: 50477]

article not received prior to report production 

J-4 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Hanrahan P, Raymond M, McGowan E, and Luchins DJ. Criteria for

enrolling dementia patients in hospice: a replication. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 99;16(1):395-400. [Rec#: 2983] 

article not received prior to report production 

Hanson LC and Danis M. Use of life-sustaining care for the elderly. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 91;39(8):772-7. [Rec#: 2990]

article not received prior to report production 

Harrison, J. and Maguire, P. Predictors of psychiatric morbidity in 

cancer patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 94;165(5):593-8. 

[Rec#: 50484]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Hawryluck LA, Harvey WR, Lemieux-Charles L, and Singer PA.

Consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying 

intensive care unit patients. BMC Med Ethics 2002;3(1):3.

[Rec#: 3070]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Haxby JV, Raffaele K, Gillette J, Schapiro MB, and Rapoport SI. 

Individual trajectories of cognitive decline in patients with 

dementia of the Alzheimer type. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 

92;14(4):575-92. [Rec#: 32227]

Recoded: primarily prognosis or trajectories 

Hays JC, Galanos AN, Palmer TA, McQuoid DR, and Flint EP. 

Preference for place of death in a continuing care retirement 

community. Gerontologist 2001;41(1):123-8. [Rec#: 3082]

article not received prior to report production 

Hebert R, Dubois MF, Wolfson C, Chambers L, and Cohen C.

Factors associated with long-term institutionalization of older 

people with dementia: data from the Canadian Study of Health 

and Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56(11):M693-

9. [Rec#: 32242]

article not received prior to report production 

Hedestig O, Sandman PO, and Widmark A. Living with untreated 

localized prostate cancer: a qualitative analysis of patient 

narratives. Cancer Nurs 2003;26(1):55-60. Comment in: Evid 

Based Nurs. 2003 Oct;6(4):125. PMID: 14577408. [Rec#: 3101]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Hermsen MA and ten Have HA. Moral problems in palliative care

practice: a qualitative study. Med Health Care Philos 

2003;6(3):263-72. [Rec#: 12032]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Heyse-Moore L, Beynon T, and Ross V. Does spirometry predict 

dyspnoea in advanced cancer? Palliat Med 2000;14(3):189-95. 

[Rec#: 12054]

article not received prior to report production 

Hickman SE, Tilden VP, and Tolle SW. Family reports of dying 

patients' distress: the adaptation of a research tool to assess 

global symptom distress in the last week of life. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2001;22(1):565-74. [Rec#: 3189]

article not received prior to report production 

Hicks F and Corcoran G. Should hospices offer respite admissions to 

patients with motor neurone disease? Palliat Med 93;7(2):145-

50. [Rec#: 3192]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Higginson IJ, Astin P, and Dolan S. Where do cancer patients die?

Ten-year trends in the place of death of cancer patients in

England. Palliat Med 98;12(5):353-63. [Rec#: 3200] 

article not received prior to report production 

Higginson IJ, Wade AM, and McCarthy M. Effectiveness of two 

palliative support teams. J Public Health Med 92;14(1):50-6. 

[Rec#: 3204]

article not received prior to report production 

Higginson, I. J. and McCarthy, M. A comparison of two measures of 

quality of life: their sensitivity and validity for patients with 

advanced cancer. Palliative Medicine 94;8(4):282-90. [Rec#: 

50491]

article not received prior to report production 

High DM. Why are elderly people not using advance directives? J 

Aging Health 93;5(4):497-515. [Rec#: 3205]

article not received prior to report production 

Hilden HM, Louhiala P, Honkasalo ML, and Palo J. Finnish nurses' 

views on end-of-life discussions and a comparison with 

physicians' views. Nurs Ethics 2004;11(2):165-78. [Rec#: 

3207]

article not received prior to report production 

Hinton J. The progress of awareness and acceptance of dying 

assessed in cancer patients and their caring relatives. Palliat 

Med 99;13(1):19-35. [Rec#: 3238]

article not received prior to report production 

Holley JL, Stackiewicz L, Dacko C, and Rault R. Factors influencing 

dialysis patients' completion of advance directives. Am J 

Kidney Dis 97;30(3):356-60. [Rec#: 3292]

article not received prior to report production 

Holmes C and Lovestone S. Long-term cognitive and functional 

decline in late onset Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic 

implications. Age Ageing 2003;32(2):200-4. [Rec#: 32389]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Hopkinson JB. A study of the perceptions of hospice day care

patients: my phenomenological methodology. Int J Nurs Stud 

99;36(3):203-7. [Rec#: 3327]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Houts RM, Smucker WD, Jacobson JA, Ditto PH, and Danks JH. 

Predicting elderly outpatients' life-sustaining treatment 

preferences over time: the majority rules. Med Decis Making 

2002;22(1):39-52. [Rec#: 3364]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Hudson PL, Aranda S, and Kristjanson LJ. Meeting the supportive 

needs of family caregivers in palliative care: challenges for 

health professionals. J Palliat Med 2004;7(1):19-25. [Rec#: 

3392]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Inman L. Advance directives. Why community-based older adults do 

not discuss their wishes. J Gerontol Nurs 2002;28(9):40-6.

[Rec#: 3475]

article not received prior to report production 

Ita D, Keorney M, and O'Slorain L. Psychiatric disorder in a 

palliative care unit. Palliat Med 2003;17(2):212-8. [Rec#: 3499] 

article not received prior to report production 

John R, Hennessy CH, Dyeson TB, and Garrett MD. Toward the 

conceptualization and measurement of caregiver burden among 

Pueblo Indian family caregivers. Gerontologist 2001;41(2):210-

9. [Rec#: 41670]

article not received prior to report production 

J-5 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Johnston G and Abraham C. The WHO objectives for palliative care:

to what extent are we achieving them? Palliat Med 95;9(2):123-

37. [Rec#: 12456]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Johnston SC and Johnson SC. Advance directives: from the 

perspective of the patient and the physician. J R Soc Med 

96;89(10):568-70. Erratum in: J R Soc Med 1997 

Feb;90(2):120. Johnson SC[corrected to Johnston SC]. [Rec#: 

12461]

article not received prior to report production 

Kalra L, Evans A, Perez I, Knapp M, Donaldson N, and Swift CG.

Alternative strategies for stroke care: a prospective randomised 

controlled trial. Lancet 2000;356(9233):894-9. Comment in: 

Lancet. 2000 Sep 9;356(9233):869-70. PMID: 11036886.

Comment in: Lancet. 2001 Jan 13;357(9250):146-7. PMID: 

11197428. Comment in: Lancet. 2001 Jan 13;357(9250):146; 

author reply 147. PMID: 11197429. [Rec#: 3712]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Kane RL, Homyak P, and Bershadsky B. Consumer reactions to the 

Wisconsin Partnership Program and its parent, the Program for

All-Inclusive Care of the Elderly (PACE). Gerontologist

2002;42(3):314-20. [Rec#: 41718]

article not received prior to report production 

Karlsen S and Addington-Hall J. How do cancer patients who die at 

home differ from those who die elsewhere? Palliat Med 

98;12(4):279-86. Comment in: Palliat Med. 1999 

Mar;13(2):169-70. PMID: 10474703. [Rec#: 3736]

article not received prior to report production 

Kasser T and Sheldon KM. Of wealth and death: materialism,

mortality salience, and consumption behavior. Psychol Sci 

2000;11(4):348-51. [Rec#: 3747]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Kaunonen M, Aalto P, Tarkka MT, and Paunonen M. Oncology

ward nurses' perspectives of family grief and a supportive 

telephone call after the death of a significant other. Cancer Nurs

2000;23(4):314-24. [Rec#: 12573]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Kavic SM, Atweh N, Possenti PP, and Ivy ME. The role of advance 

directives and family in end-of-life decisions in critical care 

units. Conn Med 2003;67(9):531-4. [Rec#: 3774]

article not received prior to report production 

Kayser-Jones J. Malnutrition, dehydration, and starvation in the 

midst of plenty: the political impact of qualitative inquiry. Qual

Health Res 2002;12(10):1391-405. [Rec#: 3787]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Kellar N, Martinez J, Finis N, Bolger A, and von Gunten CF.

Characterization of an acute inpatient hospice palliative care 

unit in a U.S. teaching hospital. J Nurs Adm 96;26(3):16-20. 

[Rec#: 3806]

article not received prior to report production 

Kelleher P, Cox S, and McKeogh M. HIV infection: the spectrum of 

symptoms and disease in male and female patients attending a 

London hospice. Palliat Med 97;11(2):152-8. [Rec#: 3808] 

article not received prior to report production 

Kelly B, Raphael B, Statham D, Ross M, Eastwood H, McLean S,

O'Loughlin B, and Brittain K. A comparison of the psychosocial 

aspects of AIDS and cancer-related bereavement. Int J 

Psychiatry Med 96;26(1):35-49. [Rec#: 3820]

article not received prior to report production 

Kennedy C and Cheston SE. Spiritual distress at life's end: finding

meaning in the maelstrom. J Pastoral Care Counsel 

2003;57(2):131-41. [Rec#: 3841]

Recoded: useful only for background

Kish Wallace S, Martin CG, Shaw AD, and Price KJ. Influence of an 

advance directive on the initiation of life support technology in 

critically ill cancer patients. Crit Care Med 2001;29(12):2294-8.

Comment in: Crit Care Med. 2001 Dec;29(12):2391-2. PMID: 

11801850. [Rec#: 41781]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Kissane DW, Bloch S, Onghena P, McKenzie DP, Snyder RD, and 

Dowe DL. The Melbourne Family Grief Study, II: Psychosocial 

morbidity and grief in bereaved families. Am J Psychiatry

96;153(5):659-66. [Rec#: 3932]

article not received prior to report production 

Knobel H, Loge JH, Brenne E, Fayers P, Hjermstad MJ, and Kaasa 

S. The validity of EORTC QLQ-C30 fatigue scale in advanced 

cancer patients and cancer survivors. Palliat Med 

2003;17(8):664-72. [Rec#: 3970]

article not received prior to report production 

Koenig, H. G., Larson, D. B., and Larson, S. S. Religion and coping 

with serious medical illness. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 

2001;35(3):352-9. [Rec#: 50525]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Koffman JS and Higginson IJ. Fit to care? A comparison of informal 

caregivers of first-generation Black Caribbeans and White 

dependants with advanced progressive disease in the UK. 

Health Soc Care Community 2003;11(6):528-36. [Rec#: 3989]

article not received prior to report production 

Komaromy C, Sidell M, and Katz JT. The quality of terminal care in 

residential and nursing homes. Int J Palliat Nurs 2000;6(4):192-

200. [Rec#: 4005]

article not received prior to report production 

Kovach CR and Stearns SA. DSCUs: a study of behavior before and 

after residence. J Gerontol Nurs 94;20(12):33-9. [Rec#: 50053]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Kress JP, Rubin A, Pohlman AS, and Hall JB. Outcomes of critically

ill patients denied consideration for liver transplantation. Am J

Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162(2 Pt 1):418-23. [Rec#: 41849]

Recoded: primarily prognosis or trajectories 

Kristjanson LJ, Cousins K, White K, Andrews L, Lewin G, Tinnelly

C, Asphar D, and Greene R. Evaluation of a night respite 

community palliative care service. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2004;10(2):84-90. [Rec#: 4062]

article not received prior to report production 

Krout RE. The effects of single-session music therapy interventions 

on the observed and self-reported levels of pain control, physical 

comfort, and relaxation of hospice patients. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 2001;18(6):383-90. [Rec#: 4074]

article not received prior to report production 

Kuin A, Courtens AM, Deliens L, Vernooij-Dassen MJ, van Zuylen 

L, van der Linden B, and van der Wal G. Palliative care

consultation in The Netherlands: a nationwide evaluation study. 

J Pain Symptom Manage 2004;27(1):53-60. [Rec#: 4092]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

J-6 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Kurtz ME, Kurtz JC, Given CW, and Given B. Predictors of 

postbereavement depressive symptomatology among family

caregivers of cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 97;5(1):53-

60. [Rec#: 4113]

article not received prior to report production 

Kyriacou CK and Nidetz A. Performance-based palliative care in the 

nursing home: closing the gap between "knowing" and 

"practicing". J Palliat Med 2002;5(5):757-8. [Rec#: 12852]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Lamont EB and Christakis NA. Prognostic disclosure to patients 

with cancer near the end of life. Ann Intern Med 

2001;134(12):1096-105. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2001 

Jun 19;134(12):1142-3. PMID: 11412055. Comment in: Ann 

Intern Med. 2002 Sep 3;137(5 Part 1):368; author reply 368-9.

PMID: 12204026. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2002 Sep 

3;137(5 Part 1):368; author reply 368-9. P. [Rec#: 12886]

article not received prior to report production 

Landi F, Tua E, Onder G, Carrara B, Sgadari A, Rinaldi C, 

Gambassi G, Lattanzio F, Bernabei R, and SILVERNET-HC 

Study Group of Bergamo. Minimum data set for home care: a 

valid instrument to assess frail older people living in the 

community. Med Care 2000;38(12):1184-90. [Rec#: 41893]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Lawton MP, Moss M, and Glicksman A. The quality of the last year 

of life of older persons. Milbank Q 90;68(1):1-28. [Rec#: 4252]

article not received prior to report production 

Layde, P. M., Beam, C. A., Broste, S. K., Connors, A. F. Jr.,

Desbiens, N., Lynn, J., Phillips, R. S., Reding, D., Teno, J., and 

Vidaillet, H. Surrogates' predictions of seriously ill patients' 

resuscitation preferences. Archives of Family Medicine 

95;4(6):518-23. [Rec#: 50541]

article not received prior to report production 

Levin JR, Wenger NS, Ouslander JG, Zellman G, Schnelle JF,

Buchanan JL, Hirsch SH, and Reuben DB. Life-sustaining 

treatment decisions for nursing home residents: who discusses, 

who decides and what is decided? J Am Geriatr Soc 

99;47(1):82-7. [Rec#: 41975]

article not received prior to report production 

Lipman AG. Symptom-related research from the agency for 

healthcare research and quality. J Pain Palliat Care 

Pharmacother 2003;17(1):39-45. [Rec#: 13117]

Recoded: useful only for background

Lloyd-Williams M, Friedman T, and Rudd N. A survey of 

antidepressant prescribing in the terminally ill. Palliat Med 

99;13(3):243-8. [Rec#: 13141]

article not received prior to report production 

Lloyd-Williams M. Screening for depression in palliative care

patients: a review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2001;10(1):31-5.

[Rec#: 13136]

article not received prior to report production 

Lord B and Pockett R. Perceptions of social work intervention with 

bereaved clients: some implications for hospital social work

practice. Soc Work Health Care 98;27(1):51-66. [Rec#: 13181]

article not received prior to report production 

Mansfield DR, Gollogly NC, Kaye DM, Richardson M, Bergin P,

and Naughton MT. Controlled trial of continuous positive 

airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure. 

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;169(3):361-6. Comment in: 

Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Feb 1;169(3):329-31. PMID: 

14739130. [Rec#: 33472]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Martens KH and Mellor SD. A study of the relationship between 

home care services and hospital readmission of patients with 

congestive heart failure. Home Healthc Nurse 97;15(2):123-9.

[Rec#: 50070]

article not received prior to report production 

Martensson J, Dracup K, and Fridlund B. Decisive situations 

influencing spouses' support of patients with heart failure: a 

critical incident technique analysis. Heart Lung 

2001;30(5):341-50. [Rec#: 33506]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Maschmeyer G, Bertschat FL, Moesta KT, Hausler E, Held TK, 

Nolte M, Osterziel KJ, Papstein V, Peters M, Reich G,

Schmutzler M, Sezer O, Stula M, Wauer H, Wortz T,

Wischnewsky M, and Hohenberger P. Outcome analysis of 189 

consecutive cancer patients referred to the intensive care unit as 

emergencies during a 2-year period. Eur J Cancer

2003;39(6):783-92. [Rec#: 42164]

Recoded: primarily prognosis or trajectories 

McGrath P. Spiritual pain: a comparison of findings from survivors 

and hospice patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(1):23-33.

[Rec#: 4978]

article not received prior to report production 

McKinley S, Coote K, and Stein-Parbury J. Development and testing 

of a Faces Scale for the assessment of anxiety in critically ill 

patients. J Adv Nurs 2003;41(1):73-9. [Rec#: 42212]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

McMillan SC and Small BJ. Symptom distress and quality of life in 

patients with cancer newly admitted to hospice home care.

Oncol Nurs Forum 2002;29(10):1421-8. [Rec#: 5021]

article not received prior to report production 

McMillan SC and Weitzner M. How problematic are various aspects 

of quality of life in patients with cancer at the end of life? 

Oncol Nurs Forum 2000;27(5):817-23. [Rec#: 5023]

article not received prior to report production 

McMillan SC. Quality of life of primary caregivers of hospice 

patients with cancer. Cancer Pract 96;4(4):191-8. Comment in: 

Cancer Pract. 1996 Jul-Aug;4(4):174. PMID: 8900756. [Rec#: 

5016]

article not received prior to report production 

McShane R, Keene J, Gedling K, Fairburn C, Jacoby R, and Hope T.

Do neuroleptic drugs hasten cognitive decline in dementia?

Prospective study with necropsy follow up. BMJ 

97;314(7076):266-70. Comment in: BMJ. 1997 May 

10;314(7091):1411; author reply 1412. PMID: 9161321.

Comment in: BMJ. 1997 May 10;314(7091):1411; author reply 

1412. PMID: 9161322. Comment in: BMJ. 1997 May 

10;314(7091):1412. PMID: 9161323. [Rec#: 33661]

article not received prior to report production 

J-7 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

McWhinney IR, Bass MJ, and Orr V. Factors associated with 

location of death (home or hospital) of patients referred to a 

palliative care team. CMAJ 95;152(3):361-7. Comment in: 

CMAJ. 1995 Feb 1;152(3):337-40. PMID: 7828097. [Rec#: 

5040]

article not received prior to report production 

Mendyka BE. The dying patient in the intensive care unit: assisting 

the family in crisis. AACN Clin Issues Crit Care Nurs 

93;4(3):550-7. [Rec#: 5075]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Merrouche Y, Freyer G, Saltel P, and Rebattu P. Quality of final care 

for terminal cancer patients in a comprehensive cancer centre 

from the point of view of patients' families. Support Care

Cancer 96;4(3):163-8. Comment in: Support Care Cancer. 1996 

May;4(3):157. PMID: 8739645. [Rec#: 5113]

article not received prior to report production 

Meunier-Cartal J, Souberbielle JC, and Boureau F. Morphine and the 

"lytic cocktail" for terminally ill patients in a French general 

hospital: evidence for an inverse relationship. J Pain Symptom

Manage 95;10(4):267-73. [Rec#: 5119]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Meyer W and Balck F. Resuscitation decision index: a new approach 

to decision-making in prehospital CPR. Resuscitation 

2001;48(3):255-63. Comment in: Resuscitation. 2001 

Jul;50(1):127. PMID: 11724005. [Rec#: 5126]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Meyers JL and Gray LN. The relationships between family primary

caregiver characteristics and satisfaction with hospice care, 

quality of life, and burden. Oncol Nurs Forum 2001;28(1):73-

82. [Rec#: 5128]

article not received prior to report production 

Meyers RM, Lurie N, Breitenbucher RB, and Waring CJ. Do-notresuscitate orders in an extended-care study group. J Am

Geriatr Soc 90;38(9):1011-5. [Rec#: 42275]

article not received prior to report production 

Mezey M, Kluger M, Maislin G, and Mittelman M. Life-sustaining 

treatment decisions by spouses of patients with Alzheimer's 

disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 96;44(2):144-50. [Rec#: 42276]

article not received prior to report production 

Mills M, Davies HT, and Macrae WA. Care of dying patients in 

hospital. BMJ 94;309(6954):583-6. Comment in: BMJ. 1994 

Dec 10;309(6968):1579. PMID: 7819906. Comment in: BMJ.

1994 Dec 10;309(6968):1579. PMID: 7529607. Comment in: 

BMJ. 1994 Oct 15;309(6960):1017. PMID: 7524877. Comment 

in: BMJ. 1994 Oct 15;309(6960):1017. PMID: 7524878.

Comment . [Rec#: 5192]

Recoded: data older than 1990 

Mizuno E, Hosak T, Ogihara R, Higano H, and Mano Y.

Effectiveness of a stress management program for family

caregivers of the elderly at home. J Med Dent Sci 99;46(4):145-

53. [Rec#: 42306]

article not received prior to report production 

Molloy DW, Guyatt GH, Alemayehu E, McIlroy W, Willan A, 

Eisemann M, Abraham G, Basile J, Penington G, McMurdo 

ME, and et al. Factors affecting physicians' decisions on caring 

for an incompetent elderly patient: an international study. 

CMAJ 91;145(8):947-52. [Rec#: 5260]

article not received prior to report production 

Montazeri A, Gillis CR, and McEwen J. Tak Tent. Studies 

conducted in a cancer support group. Support Care Cancer

97;5(2):118-25. [Rec#: 5269]

Recoded: useful only for background

Mor V and Masterson-Allen S. A comparison of hospice vs 

conventional care of the terminally ill cancer patient. Oncology

(Huntingt) 90;4(7):85-91; discussion 94, 96. [Rec#: 13841]

article not received prior to report production 

Morgan AE, Lindley CM, and Berry JI. Assessment of pain and 

patterns of analgesic use in hospice patients. Am J Hosp Palliat 

Care 94;11(1):13-9, 22-5. [Rec#: 5303]

article not received prior to report production 

Morita T, Hirai K, Sakaguchi Y, Tsuneto S, and Shima Y. Familyperceived distress from delirium-related symptoms of terminally

ill cancer patients. Psychosomatics 2004;45(2):107-13. [Rec#: 

42341]

article not received prior to report production 

Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, and Chihara S. Perceptions and 

decision-making on rehydration of terminally ill cancer patients 

and family members. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 99;16(3):509-16.

[Rec#: 5340]

article not received prior to report production 

Moss AH, Hozayen O, King K, Holley JL, and Schmidt RJ. 

Attitudes of patients toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 

the dialysis unit. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;38(4):847-52.

Comment in: Am J Kidney Dis. 2001 Oct;38(4):884-6. PMID: 

11576896. [Rec#: 42352]

article not received prior to report production 

Moss, A. H., Stocking, C. B., Sachs, G. A., and Siegler, M. Variation

in the attitudes of dialysis unit medical directors toward

decisions to withhold and withdraw dialysis. Journal of the 

American Society of Nephrology 93;4(2):229-34. [Rec#: 50622]

article not received prior to report production 

Murberg TA, Bru E, Svebak S, Tveteras R, and Aarsland T. 

Depressed mood and subjective health symptoms as predictors

of mortality in patients with congestive heart failure: a twoyears follow-up study. Int J Psychiatry Med 99;29(3):311-26.

[Rec#: 33918]

article not received prior to report production 

Nelson JE, Meier DE, Oei EJ, Nierman DM, Senzel RS, Manfredi

PL, Davis SM, and Morrison RS. Self-reported symptom

experience of critically ill cancer patients receiving intensive 

care. Crit Care Med 2001;29(2):277-82. Comment in: Crit Care

Med. 2001 Feb;29(2):449-50. PMID: 11246333. [Rec#: 5515]

article not received prior to report production 

Neumann CM, Hanson J, Kuehn N, and Bruera E. Temporal 

distribution of deaths in cancer patients admitted to a palliative 

care unit. J Palliat Care 99;15(3):10-3. [Rec#: 5532]

article not received prior to report production 

Ni H, Nauman DJ, and Hershberger RE. Managed care and 

outcomes of hospitalization among elderly patients with 

congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med 98;158(11):1231-6.

[Rec#: 34027]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Nolen-Hoeksema S, Larson J, and Bishop M. Predictors of family

members' satisfaction with hospice. Hosp J 2000;15(2):29-48.

[Rec#: 5590]

article not received prior to report production 

J-8 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

O'Connell LJ. Changing the culture of dying. A new awakening of

spirituality in America heightens sensitivity to needs of dying 

persons. Health Prog 96;77(6):16-20. [Rec#: 14115]

article not received prior to report production 

Osoba D, Zee B, Pater J, Warr D, Kaizer L, and Latreille J. 

Psychometric properties and responsiveness of the EORTC 

quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) in patients with breast, 

ovarian and lung cancer. Qual Life Res 94;3(5):353-64. [Rec#: 

34184]

article not received prior to report production 

Owen A and Croucher L. Effect of an exercise programme for

elderly patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 

2000;2(1):65-70. [Rec#: 34210]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Patrick DL, Engelberg RA, and Curtis JR. Evaluating the quality of 

dying and death. J Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22(3):717-26.

[Rec#: 14330]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Pereira, J., Lawlor, P., Vigano, A., Dorgan, M., and Bruera, E.

Equianalgesic dose ratios for opioids. a critical review and 

proposals for long-term dosing. Journal of Pain & Symptom

Management 2001;22(2):672-87. [Rec#: 50665]

article not received prior to report production 

Philbin EF, Rocco TA, Lindenmuth NW, Ulrich K, McCall M, and

Jenkins PL. The results of a randomized trial of a quality 

improvement intervention in the care of patients with heart 

failure. The MISCHF Study Investigators. Am J Med

2000;109(6):443-9. Comment in: Am J Med. 2000 Oct 

15;109(6):501-3. PMID: 11042244. [Rec#: 34368]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Pietersma P, Follett-Bick S, Wilkinson B, Guebert N, Fisher K, and 

Pereira J. A bedside food cart as an alternate food service for

acute and palliative oncological patients. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(9):611-4. [Rec#: 14452]

article not received prior to report production 

Pritchard RS, Fisher ES, Teno JM, Sharp SM, Reding DJ, Knaus 

WA, Wennberg JE, and Lynn J. Influence of patient preferences 

and local health system characteristics on the place of death. 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Risks and Outcomes of Treatment. J Am

Geriatr Soc 98;46(10):1242-50. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 

1998 Oct;46(10):1320-1. PMID: 9777921. [Rec#: 6155]

article not received prior to report production 

Proulx K and Jacelon C. Dying with dignity: the good patient versus 

the good death. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2004;21(2):116-20. 

[Rec#: 6167]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Radbruch L, Nauck F, Fuchs M, Neuwohner K, Schulenberg D,

Lindena G, and Working Group on the Core Documentation for

Palliative Care Units in Germany. What is palliative care in 

Germany? Results from a representative survey. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2002;23(6):471-83. [Rec#: 14626]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Rector TS, Tschumperlin LK, Kubo SH, Bank AJ, Francis GS, 

McDonald KM, Keeler CA, and Silver MA. Use of the Living 

With Heart Failure questionnaire to ascertain patients' 

perspectives on improvement in quality of life versus risk of 

drug-induced death. J Card Fail 95;1(3):201-6. [Rec#: 34623]

article not received prior to report production 

Rich MW, Beckham V, Wittenberg C, Leven CL, Freedland KE, and 

Carney RM. A multidisciplinary intervention to prevent the 

readmission of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. N 

Engl J Med 95;333(18):1190-5. Comment in: ACP J Club. 1996 

Mar-Apr;124(2):31. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 

2;333(18):1213-4. PMID: 7565979. [Rec#: 34663]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Rinck GC, van den Bos GA, Kleijnen J, de Haes HJ, Schade E, and 

Veenhof CH. Methodologic issues in effectiveness research on 

palliative cancer care: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol 

97;15(4):1697-707. [Rec#: 14768]

Recoded: topic unclear

Rosenfeld K and Rasmussen J. Palliative care management: a 

Veterans Administration demonstration project. J Palliat Med 

2003;6(5):831-9. [Rec#: 14858]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Roth K, Lynn J, Zhong Z, Borum M, and Dawson NV. Dying with 

end stage liver disease with cirrhosis: insights from SUPPORT.

Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes 

and Risks of Treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S122-30. [Rec#: 6542]

article not received prior to report production 

Sambamoorthi U, Walkup J, McSpiritt E, Warner L, Castle N, and 

Crystal S. Racial differences in end-of-life care for patients with 

AIDS. AIDS Public Policy J 2000;15(3-4):136-48. [Rec#: 

6662]

article not received prior to report production 

Sarna L. Correlates of symptom distress in women with lung cancer. 

Cancer Pract 93;1(1):21-8. [Rec#: 34892]

article not received prior to report production 

Sarna L. Effectiveness of structured nursing assessment of symptom

distress in advanced lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum

98;25(6):1041-8. [Rec#: 34893]

article not received prior to report production 

Schofield P, Ball D, Smith JG, Borland R, O'Brien P, Davis S, Olver 

I, Ryan G, and Joseph D. Optimism and survival in lung

carcinoma patients. Cancer 2004;100(6):1276-82. [Rec#: 

34984]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Schrader SL, Horner A, Eidsness L, Young S, Wright C, and 

Robinson M. A team approach in palliative care: enhancing 

outcomes. S D J Med 2002;55(7):269-78. [Rec#: 6805]

article not received prior to report production 

Schuit KW, Sleijfer DT, Meijler WJ, Otter R, Schakenraad J, van 

den Bergh FC, and Meyboom-de Jong B. Symptoms and 

functional status of patients with disseminated cancer visiting 

outpatient departments. J Pain Symptom Manage 98;16(5):290-

7. [Rec#: 6813]

article not received prior to report production 

Seale C and Kelly M. A comparison of hospice and hospital care for

people who die: views of the surviving spouse. Palliat Med 

97;11(2):93-100. [Rec#: 6877]

article not received prior to report production 

Seale C and Kelly M. A comparison of hospice and hospital care for

the spouses of people who die. Palliat Med 97;11(2):101-6.

[Rec#: 6878]

article not received prior to report production 

J-9 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Shorr AF, Niven AS, Katz DE, Parker JM, and Eliasson AH.

Regulatory and educational initiatives fail to promote 

discussions regarding end-of-life care. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2000;19(3):168-73. Comment in: J Pain Symptom Manage.

2000 Mar;19(3):165-7. PMID: 10760620. [Rec#: 7037]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Sloane PD, Zimmerman S, Hanson L, Mitchell CM, Riedel-Leo C, 

and Custis-Buie V. End-of-life care in assisted living and related 

residential care settings: comparison with nursing homes. J Am

Geriatr Soc 2003;51(11):1587-94. [Rec#: 7143]

article not received prior to report production 

Smith EM, Gomm SA, and Dickens CM. Assessing the independent 

contribution to quality of life from anxiety and depression in 

patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med 2003;17(6):509-13.

[Rec#: 7166]

article not received prior to report production 

Smucker WD, Ditto PH, Moore KA, Druley JA, Danks JH, and

Townsend A. Elderly outpatients respond favorably to a 

physician-initiated advance directive discussion. J Am Board 

Fam Pract 93;6(5):473-82. [Rec#: 7190]

article not received prior to report production 

Stalfelt AM, Brodin H, Pettersson S, and Eklof A. The final phase in 

acute myeloid leukaemia (AML): a study of cause of death,

place of death and type of care during the last week of life. 

Leuk Res 2001;25(8):673-80. Comment in: Leuk Res. 2001 

Aug;25(8):681-4. PMID: 11397473. [Rec#: 7295]

article not received prior to report production 

Stanek EJ, Oates MB, McGhan WF, Denofrio D, and Loh E.

Preferences for treatment outcomes in patients with heart 

failure: symptoms versus survival. J Card Fail 2000;6(3):225-

32. [Rec#: 7297]

article not received prior to report production 

Steele LL, Mills B, Long MR, and Hagopian GA. Patient and 

caregiver satisfaction with end-of-life care: does high 

satisfaction mean high quality of care? Am J Hosp Palliat Care

2002;19(1):19-27. [Rec#: 7318]

article not received prior to report production 

Stockelberg D, Lehtola P, and Noren I. Palliative treatment at home

for patients with haematological disorders. Support Care 

Cancer 97;5(6):506-8. [Rec#: 7381]

article not received prior to report production 

Stockler MR, Osoba D, Goodwin P, Corey P, and Tannock IF.

Responsiveness to change in health-related quality of life in a 

randomized clinical trial: a comparison of the Prostate Cancer 

Specific Quality of Life Instrument (PROSQOLI) with 

analogous scales from the EORTC QLQ-C30 and a trial specific 

module. European Organization for Research and Treatment of 

Cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 98;51(2):137-45. [Rec#: 7383]

Recoded: about chemo/surg/stents/laser/radiation 

Stuart B and Coulson NE. Use of outpatient drugs as death 

approaches. Health Care Financ Rev 94;15(3):63-82. [Rec#: 

7421]

article not received prior to report production 

Surgeons Palliative Care Workgroup. Office of Promoting 

Excellence in End-of-Life Care: Surgeon's Palliative Care 

Workgroup report from the field. J Am Coll Surg

2003;197(4):661-86. [Rec#: 15653]

Recoded: useful only for background

Suri DN, Egleston BL, Brody JA, and Rudberg MA. Nursing home

resident use of care directives. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 

99;54(5):M225-9. [Rec#: 7463]

article not received prior to report production 

Swanwick M, Haworth M, and Lennard RF. The prevalence of

episodic pain in cancer: a survey of hospice patients on 

admission. Palliat Med 2001;15(1):9-18. [Rec#: 7476] 

article not received prior to report production 

Syrett E and Taylor J. Non-pharmacological management of 

breathlessness: a collaborative nurse--physiotherapist approach. 

Int J Palliat Nurs 2003;9(4):150-6. [Rec#: 15684] 

article not received prior to report production 

Tamburini, M., Rosso, S., Gamba, A., Mencaglia, E., De Conno, F.,

and Ventafridda, V. A therapy impact questionnaire for qualityof-life assessment in advanced cancer research. Ann Oncol 

92;3(7):565-70. [Rec#: 50887]

article not received prior to report production 

Tanaka K, Akechi T, Okuyama T, Nishiwaki Y, and Uchitomi Y.

Prevalence and screening of dyspnea interfering with daily life 

activities in ambulatory patients with advanced lung cancer. J

Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23(6):484-9. [Rec#: 35495]

Recoded: non-Western location 

Tang ST and McCorkle R. Appropriate time frames for data 

collection in quality of life research among cancer patients at the 

end of life. Qual Life Res 2002;11(2):145-55. [Rec#: 15730]

article not received prior to report production 

Tarzian AJ and Hoffmann DE. Barriers to managing pain in the 

nursing home: findings from a statewide survey. J Am Med Dir

Assoc 2004;5(2):82-8. [Rec#: 7557]

article not received prior to report production 

Tattersall MH, Gattellari M, Voigt K, and Butow PN. When the 

treatment goal is not cure: are patients informed adequately? 

Support Care Cancer 2002;10(4):314-21. [Rec#: 7561]

article not received prior to report production 

Taylor, E. J. Spiritual needs of patients with cancer and family

caregivers. Cancer Nursing 2003;26(4):260-6. [Rec#: 50767]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Thomas J and Retsas A. Transacting self-preservation: a grounded 

theory of the spiritual dimensions of people with terminal 

cancer. Int J Nurs Stud 99;36(3):191-201. [Rec#: 7618]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Tiernan E, Casey P, O'Boyle C, Birkbeck G, Mangan M, O'Siorain 

L, and Kearney M. Relations between desire for early death, 

depressive symptoms and antidepressant prescribing in 

terminally ill patients with cancer. J R Soc Med 

2002;95(8):386-90. Comment in: J R Soc Med. 2002 

Oct;95(10):526. PMID: 12356985. [Rec#: 7660]

article not received prior to report production 

Tishelman C, Degner LF, and Mueller B. Measuring symptom

distress in patients with lung cancer. A pilot study of 

experienced intensity and importance of symptoms. Cancer

Nurs 2000;23(2):82-90. Erratum in: Cancer Nurs 2000 

Jun;23(3):163. [Rec#: 35608]

Recoded: exclude for design 

J-10 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Todero CM, LaFramboise LM, and Zimmerman LM. Symptom

status and quality-of-life outcomes of home-based disease 

management program for heart failure patients. Outcomes

Manag 2002;6(4):161-8. [Rec#: 35613]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Tolle SW, Rosenfeld AG, Tilden VP, and Park Y. Oregon's low inhospital death rates: what determines where people die and 

satisfaction with decisions on place of death? Ann Intern Med 

99;130(8):681-5. [Rec#: 15876]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Tong KL, Porterfield P, and Mills I. Vancouver General Hospital 

Palliative Care Unit utilization review. J Palliat Care 

93;9(1):32-6. [Rec#: 7697]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Torelli GF, Campos AC, and Meguid MM. Use of TPN in terminally

ill cancer patients. Nutrition 99;15(9):665-7. [Rec#: 7700] 

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Tornatore JB and Grant LA. Family caregiver satisfaction with the 

nursing home after placement of a relative with dementia. J 

Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2004;59(2):S80-8. [Rec#: 

43389]

article not received prior to report production 

Trippoli S, Vaiani M, Lucioni C, and Messori A. Quality of life and 

utility in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Quality-oflife Study Group of the Master 2 Project in Pharmacoeconomics.

Pharmacoeconomics 2001;19(8):855-63. [Rec#: 35667]

article not received prior to report production 

Tsevat J, Cook EF, Green ML, Matchar DB, Dawson NV, Broste 

SK, Wu AW, Phillips RS, Oye RK, and Goldman L. Health 

values of the seriously ill. SUPPORT investigators. Ann Intern 

Med 95;122(7):514-20. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1996 Jan 

15;124(2):279. PMID: 8534018. [Rec#: 43412]

article not received prior to report production 

van der Riet P and Mackey S. Therapeutic massage: an education 

program for rural and remote workers in the palliative care field. 

Aust J Rural Health 99;7(3):186-90. [Rec#: 16027]

Recoded: outcome unrelated to pts/family/non-prof 

Ventafridda V, De Conno F, Ripamonti C, Gamba A, and Tamburini 

M. Quality-of-life assessment during a palliative care 

programme. Ann Oncol 90;1(6):415-20. Comment in: Ann 

Oncol. 1990 Nov;1(6):396-8. PMID: 1707296. Comment in: 

Ann Oncol. 1991 Oct;2(9):693-4. PMID: 1720657. [Rec#: 7879]

article not received prior to report production 

Vetter P, Steiner O, Kraus S, Moises H, Kropp P, Moller WD, and 

Koller O. Factors affecting the utilization of homecare supports 

by caregiving relatives of Alzheimer patients. Dement Geriatr

Cogn Disord 98;9(2):111-6. [Rec#: 35841]

article not received prior to report production 

Volicer L and Hurley AC. Management of behavioral symptoms in 

progressive degenerative dementias. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med 

Sci 2003;58(9):M837-45. [Rec#: 35868]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Wall E, Rodriguez G, and Saultz J. A retrospective study of patient 

care needs on admission to an inpatient hospice facility. J Am

Board Fam Pract 93;6(3):233-8. [Rec#: 7991]

article not received prior to report production 

Walsh D and Nelson KA. Communication of a cancer diagnosis: 

patients' perceptions of when they were first told they had 

cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(1):52-6. [Rec#: 8000] 

article not received prior to report production 

Ward SE and Gordon DB. Patient satisfaction and pain severity as 

outcomes in pain management: a longitudinal view of one 

setting's experience. J Pain Symptom Manage 96;11(4):242-51.

[Rec#: 16192]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Weitzner MA and McMillan SC. The Caregiver Quality of Life 

Index-Cancer (CQOLC) Scale: revalidation in a home hospice 

setting. J Palliat Care 99;15(2):13-20. [Rec#: 8116] 

article not received prior to report production 

Westlake C and Dracup K. Role of spirituality in adjustment of 

patients with advanced heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs

2001;16(3):119-25. [Rec#: 35983]

article not received prior to report production 

White PH, Kuhlenschmidt HL, Vancura BG, and Navari RM. 

Antimicrobial use in patients with advanced cancer receiving 

hospice care. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003;25(5):438-43.

[Rec#: 8175]

article not received prior to report production 

Wielenga RP, Erdman RA, Huisveld IA, Bol E, Dunselman PH,

Baselier MR, and Mosterd WL. Effect of exercise training on 

quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure. J 

Psychosom Res 98;45(5):459-64. [Rec#: 36014]

Recoded: not about end of life care 

Wilson H, Butler LJ, Repetto G, and Love J. Providing care to 

patients with pancreatic cancer: a retrospective chart review. 

Can Oncol Nurs J 2000;10(4):134-8. [Rec#: 8237]

article not received prior to report production 

Wittkowski J. The construction of the multidimensional orientation 

toward dying and death inventory (MODDI-F). Death Stud 

2001;25(6):479-95. [Rec#: 8278]

article not received prior to report production 

Wood MM, Ashby MA, Somogyi AA, and Fleming BG.

Neuropsychological and pharmacokinetic assessment of hospice 

inpatients receiving morphine. J Pain Symptom Manage 

98;16(2):112-20. [Rec#: 8301]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Woods S, Beaver K, and Luker K. Users' views on palliative care 

services: ethical implications. Nurs Ethics 2000;7(4):314-26.

[Rec#: 16448]

article not received prior to report production 

Workman RH Jr, Orengo CA, Bakey AA, Molinari VA, and Kunik 

ME. The use of risperidone for psychosis and agitation in 

demented patients with Parkinson's disease. J Neuropsychiatry

Clin Neurosci 97;9(4):594-7. Comment in: J Neuropsychiatry

Clin Neurosci. 1998 Fall;10(4):473-5. PMID: 9813797. [Rec#: 

36103]

Recoded: exclude for design 

Worley K and Henderson S. Speaking of difficult choices: the 

creation of a drama and dialogue group on end-of-life choices. 

Gerontologist 95;35(3):412-4. [Rec#: 8319]

Recoded: no outcomes specified 

Yoshioka H. Rehabilitation for the terminal cancer patient. Am J 

Phys Med Rehabil 94;73(3):199-206. [Rec#: 8385]

article not received prior to report production 

J-11 
Appendix J. Bibliography of Excluded Articles 

Zeppetella G, O'Doherty CA, and Collins S. Prevalence and 

characteristics of breakthrough pain in cancer patients admitted 

to a hospice. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000;20(2):87-92.

Erratum in: J Pain Symptom Manage 2001 Mar;21(3):265.

[Rec#: 8425]

article not received prior to report production 

Zeppetella G. Sublingual fentanyl citrate for cancer-related 

breakthrough pain: a pilot study. Palliat Med 2001;15(4):323-8.

[Rec#: 8424]

Recoded: exclude for design 

J-12 
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Group Section Comment Response

Peer Overall ...the economic cost of caregiving at end-of-life is 

not given a full discussion.

Due to limited time and resources, ecothe scope of this report.

Peer Overall About midway through the document, it seemed to 

me that a great deal of content seems to be written from a geriatrician's perspective. ...some of the text is more appropriate for a review of chronic illness care or geriatric care.

The end of life will certainly have a gerdying now is in older persons, and sincof children at all. We did not take up thor of younger and mid-life adults who frelated issues would deserve special aproject.

Peer Overall I don’t believe that such a negative interpretation of 

the data is either beneficial or scientifically accurate.

We hope you will mention this at the StConference. It may be that one should insights arising from other study designfor funding of stronger designs. 

Peer Overall The document reads as if it is written by several 

different people with very inconsistent format and quality.

We have tried now to impose more sty

TEP Overall ..you refer to an unpublished systematic review—the 

review has been published by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence. It was published in 2004.

We have updated the citation.

TEP Overall ... you should explain up front the need to be 

narrowly focused and address some issues and not all

The revised history of the project in Chjust how much we did not get to addres

TEP Overall ...as long as we refer to palliative care as end of life 

care, no one will be in our denominator for research studies. Palliative care should be need- and complexity-based, not prognosis-based.

We did use "end of life" in that broad seserious and eventually fatal illness. Wcare for stable but serious conditions. specified "end of life care," we did feel stay with that term and scope.

Peer Overall ...the Evidence Report seems to lack attention to 

race/ethnicity and culture.

We have added summaries of observaaddress these issues.

TEP Overall ...there seems to be little attention given to end of 

life issues that may be ethnically or culturally specific.

We have added summaries of observaaddress these issues.

Peer Overall ...use the more inclusive language of palliative care. 

By continuing to refer to our field as end-of-life care, I think that we are sending the wrong message....

We have struggled with this recent chaorder is given in terms of "end of life castay allegiant to the task as written. Wwhen that is not misleading, and we hadefinition of the field of "end-of-life," thafatal chronic illness.
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Federal Overall Having been a Joanne Lynn employee, I know she 

has done a substantive amount of quality improvement work. What can be learned from this literature? If there is "no high quality evidence" what evidence of supposed less quality is there?

In the way that evidence is assessed, equality improvement is not generally tathis project, we addressed only prospecontrol designs among descriptive studimprovement work would have qualified

Peer Overall Suggest you have a final reader who reviews for 

acronyms.

Acronyms are now defined upon first u

Peer Overall The conclusions reached in almost every section 

(there is not evidence) are just not consistent with my reading of the report and my perception of the evidence.

The structure of the evidence review reintervention trials, then at the strongest studies. We stretched that some to incretrospective and uncontrolled studies, the sections regarding the stronger desfairly disappointing in tone.

TEP Overall The document also pays little attention to issues 

surrounding age.

That is true. More than three-quarters age 65, so most studies of the end of licommonly considered to be elderly. Hdifferentiate between the older elderly Indeed, many studies are biased by haunder 65 - especially studies of cancer Obviously, studies of frailty would empLubitz et al and Shugarman et al have determinant of medical care costs in thprogressive decline with age. Howevethat associates age itself with better anwould be a good area for study and we chapter on recommendations .

Peer Overall The outline seems to fall apart as the report moves 

along. 

We have tightened up the explanation outline.

Federal Overall The reader's confidence is undermined when they 

learn (repeatedly) that the research team had "limited time." How significant was the lack of time?

This report was given sustantially less more literature to review than a typical very straightforward about the strategiecomplete the most useful work possible Undoubtedly, another project with more would address more topics and seek b
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Peer Overall The tone and voice of the paper changes multiple 

times....because it was written by a number of different individuals....in some places it is less of a review and more of a personal interpretation of the data.

We have revised toward a settled style reporting of findings and recommendat

Peer Overall There is a lack of consistency in the details in which 

the evidence was reviewed.

After review and revision, there is muc

Peer Overall This reviewer generally agrees with the great 

majority of the findings and above all with the conclusions with the authors regarding the state of the art of research in this area.

Thank you.

Peer Overall Throughout the draft the term "medicine" is used, 

and while the meaning is not clear....It is a major concern that there is not more interdisciplinary focus and also that literature from other fields is not recognized.

We checked the text for "medicine" and to a broader and more inclusive term wthe case that literature from social scieunder-represented with our search stra

Peer Introduction ..it is useful to add cancer as one of the major 

causes of dyspnea.

This has been noted.

Peer Introduction It may help to – in the first chapter—lay out your 

definitions that inform the review.

The introduction has been revised to a

Federal Introduction Last full sentence is very clumsy. This sentence has been rewritten.Federal Introduction Last paragraph - "Other mean a large..." needs rewrite. This paragraph has been rewritten.Peer Methods I worry that by limiting the data to “end-of-life care” 

that you have missed a large number of relevant articles...in cancer pain and dyspnea topics, which I have reviewed recently there are important references you have left out.

That is undoubtedly true. In some waywould have had to have addressed the condition, and to have looked at the litecould not accomplish that task. Those another segment of this field will be absearch and winnowing strategies, but tother sources that we did not find.

Peer Methods It is also possible that media also contributes to 

variation in populations. Some studies and interventions receive much more media attention and draw greater localized efforts at system change and collaboration in some regions than others.

This seems likely to be true. However, response to research is well beyond th

Peer Methods It would be important to explain the JADAD scores 

to the reader and use them consistently.

There is now a summary explanation in 
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

TEP Methods

...in the discussion of symptoms, I do think that it would be worthwhile to list all of the symptoms that have been described in patients in the last year of life and then discuss why you have chosen to address only those included here

The introductory chapters do give the mhow the selection was made. Listing arates is not directly responsive to the tarecognize the importance of a wide arrin considering the course to death from 

Peer Methods ...the authors address a number of "core 

considerations". ...it may be more appropriate to address these issues within the context of a narrative review or a systematic review of very selected areas.

That would be very useful to do. Perhaopportunity to do much more focused rbase. 

Peer Methods I am surprised that the topic of withdrawal of lifesupport was excluded. It would be a good topic for a future, fo

the NHLBI would be interested, or NID

Peer Methods It seems appropriate to add a disclaimer 

acknowledging that the synergistic impact of multiple or sequential interventions is not considered with thismethodology. I recommend this disclaimer be included in Section H, p.76 which has not yet been written. This section explores outcome variations among populations. 

This is an important point which has bediscussion.

TEP Methods Regarding measures, I would use the term palliative 

outcomes

In many contexts, that seems to be a bchange the term in this report, since we the language and categories of the Tas

Peer Methods Suggest you make clear what you mean by “grey 

literature”

This is now defined.

TEP Methods The attached review from our group indicates in 

detail some of the difficulties with measuring satisfaction.

We have added text addressing these 

Peer Methods The authors characterize their clinical trials using the 

JADAD score. There is considerable controversy about the appropriateness of this score for the judgment of the quality of clinical trials particularly when non-pharmacological interventions are involved.

We recognize the controversy, but still demonstrate the rigor and merit of reseFurthermore, it is a requirement of the this scale.
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Peer Methods The authors have missed a very considerable 

contribution made during the 1980s and 1990s. It would have been desirable to start the search in 1980.

We agree. However, we have done altime frame allowed. Either someone min older work, or it will become less impInsofar as the existing systematic revieolder literature, our use of them will briwork.

Peer Methods The authors once again make emphasis to a very 

limited number of symptoms and this needs to be addressed

Have done, see above.

Peer Methods The draft suffers from a lack of core definition of 

terms.

The introduction has been revised to a

Peer Methods The exclusion of clinical trials about chemotherapy, 

radiotherapy, stent, laser, etc., is concerning. The authors need to discuss the fact that there may be need for more in depth review of this area in the future.

As for many of our restrictions, this one doing. As Irene Higginson noted in expused the same restriction, these treatmthe heart of the palliative care enterprisexceptions, but we simply had to follow opportunity to deal with over twenty tho

TEP Methods The review and ranking process makes sense and is 

well described.

Thank you.

Peer Methods There are a number of devastating symptoms that 

have not been part of this review. It is important to emphasize that delirium, cachexia, and chronic emesis are all much more frequent than depression and anxiety, both in the cancer and a large percentage of the non-cancer populations. Fatigue is an almost universal symptom and there has been no review of this major symptom complex. The authors need to emphasize that they have conducted a very partial review of the symptom distress experience.

We have now stated the limitation early reporting results.

Peer Methods There are also large gaps in the literature review 

regarding bereavement.

 Due to limited time and resources, berbeyond the scope of this report.

Peer Methods There is a lack of a clear, concise framework to 

guide this entire analysis.

The rewriting of Chapter 2 and the clarshould make this less of a problem.
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Peer Methods Throughout the text there are weak definitions in use 

of the term "qualitative". There is confusion about qualitative methods versus qualitative analysis.

Most qualitative studies involved focus interviews of individuals. We have add

Federal Methods Were issues of reimbursement / pay for 

performance / quality considered under question 2c?

No. We did not address economic issu

TEP Methods You discuss alternative pain interventions....perhaps 

it would be useful to say why/how the interventions that are reported were chosen for inclusion.

We have tried to make the Cambridge including it in the text as well as in an A

TEP Methods Your search methods and rationale are clearly 

stated and defended.

Thank you.

Peer Methods Your use of unpublished literature (the two 

systematic reviews) worries me. ...your justification for use of unpublished sources should be stronger.

Indeed, the strongest unpublished revipublished, so this is less of a concern.

Peer Results A major problem for me is the lack of consistency in 

the details in which the evidence was reviewed.

There is much more consistency now istudies are characterized.

Peer Results For some studies that I know well, the interpretation 

and the reanalysis of them are nihilistic.

The revisions will address some of the still true that the typical EPC report focof research design," which values randpopulations, blinding, etc. The literaturnot have much strength in that sort of s

Peer Results I would think that the draft would benefit greatly 

by...having each major section with a very clear, defined summary.

We have added such paragraphs to th

TEP Results ..randomized controlled trial of hospice at home 

conducted by Todd and colleagues – do you have a reference from the BMJ from 1999?

 This intervention study is now discussconcerns and symptoms.

Peer Results ...report would benefit greatly from some summary 

paragraphs to synthesize the key findings.

We have added such summaries at the section.

Peer Results I would like to see more information on symptoms. Due to limited time and resources, our 

following symptoms: pain, dyspnea, desymptoms.
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Peer Results In the healthcare system issues, I thought there 

were some studies of case management and RN homecare practices, that in fact did show positive results in heart failure.

The literature for heart failure is fairly pthat literature are now clearly laid out in failure in Chapter 3 section on continui

Peer Results It would be helpful if you gave more data about the 

methods used in the qualitative studies....

Most qualitative studies involved focus interviews of individuals. We have add

Peer Results The authors have not reported on the randomized 

controlled trials on the administration of prompt sheets. A significant number of studies have been conducted [see Butol P, et al, Bruera E, et all]. It is not clear why these papers were not captured by the review.

We were unable to obtain the Butol artour report.

Peer Results The summaries seem unduly short and not 

particularly helpful. 

We have tried to balance the page limiliterature. The summaries are short, ththe style in evidence reports. At the leenough to point the reader to the usefuinterests.

Peer Results There are many places through the text in which 

summary comments are made without citing the particular study.

These have been eliminated from the fsummary perspectives of the working tChapter 4 on recommendations.

TEP Results there is a very large amount of literature which has 

examined the effectiveness of rehabilitation type interventions....it might well be worth you making a reference to this literature.

We now reference the sample that comstrategy. This does not reflect the largparticularly focused upon end-of-life.

TEP Results - ACP Although you include in the references the data from 

Emmanuel, I don’t see a discussion of that paper as to caregiver burden from the particular issue of the stress on the caregiver, which appears to be multifaceted and related to high burden of disease. You do reference the paper.

The new version of the report spells oupaper, including this point.

TEP Results - ACP It is extremely difficult to engage in meaningful 

communication regarding advance directives if professionals cannot communicate well with patients and families.

That is true, but we did not include gencommunication in this review. 

Federal Results - ACP No summary for section G on advance care 

planning.

This section has been completed.
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Peer Results - ACP Nowhere in the document is the Physician Orders for

Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) program described. ...that might most effectively be listed at the top of page 67 under "Information/Record Continuity."

Because we address all intervention tricohorts, we did not include many descdesigns. Nevertheless, we agree with is important and have included it in the especially important descriptive articles care planning.

Federal Results - ACP Regarding advance care planning... let's admit it, 

they are a conceit and secondly ethically suspect.

We are glad to point out that an evidenreport the data. Strong conclusions ma

Federal Results - ACP Section G needs a summary / Section H sounds 

very promising

These sections have been completed.

Peer Results - ACP The section on advance care planning seemed 

extremely weak for me. This entire section reads as if it is the professional's plan, not the patient's.

This section has been revised extensiv

TEP Results - Continuity

...on the discussion of advanced directives again are there any published papers in the national database and whether that has had any impact of a use of a national database.

 The literature on advance directives awas remarkable for the diversity of smainterventions or situations that were negeneralizable. A national database of undoubtedly be helpful in building a mo

Federal Results - Continuity Expand the Continuity section if possible. An 

important topic that gets little attention.

This section has been expanded.

TEP Results - Continuity

The discussion of continuity and coordination of care doesn’t get into the issue of transfer orders

There is now some attention to these ismuch evidence base with regard to trapalliative care.

Peer Results - Family & 

Caregiver

...why is the section on caregiver burden placed under the Key Questions 2a and 3a (pg. 54)?

We have revised the section headings case.

TEP Results - Family & 

Caregiver

In the Caregiving section (perhaps this is already implied), I think we need to point out that there is great variability in cultural expectations of care, and very little research to understand this in a systematic way.

This has been added to the Discussion 

Peer Results - Measures Ultimately the value of these tools is related to their 

ability to be used effectively in the clinical setting.

See response just above.
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Peer Results - Measures ...it is of concern that the "validity" of clinical 

indicators continues to be defined by their psychometric properties rather than by the results of application in the clinical setting.

This is probably true. There are very feusefulness of measurement strategies 

TEP Results - Measures Farsides B, Dunlop RJ. Measuring quality of life: Is 

there such a thing as a life not worth living? BMJ 2001;322:1481-3. Could you include?

This is indeed an important conceptual include original research it was not capsearch. We have now cited it.

TEP Results - Measures Have you reviewed George LK, Research design in 

end-of-life research: state of science. The Gerontologist 2002;42:86-98.

Yes - we cite her early in the work on tfield, for example.

Federal Results - Measures I have always had severe reservations about 

whether measures used to determine "successful" EOL are valid. As you note at various points in the review, quality of life, quality of care, satisfaction, etc. is almost entirely dependent on who you ask and when

That would be a potential springboard perhaps. The Task Order specified "saworse outcomes." Our work was tied taddressed those concepts. Obviously, our work is to note that, as the revieweunderstanding of the merits of various life.

TEP Results - Measures The Support Team Assessment Schedule is widely 

used. STAS is a unique tool that assesses the clinical outcomes and intermediate outcomes of palliative care

We have included a description of this measures section.

Federal Results - Measures waiting 6 months after the patient has died is 

probably too long for an accurate measurement of certain experiences. I am not sure if this is important to this report - but I would love to have the issue raised as a potential problem 

We did not provide a review of the metof life care, of which this is one of the mbe a good topic for future work.

TEP Results - 

Satisfaction ...satisfaction is such a weak measure, your 

recommendations seem to support ongoing measurement for it. Would you be bold enough to suggest that it is not the approach that should be used?

We have added some language suggeconstructs are needed - for example, "a desirable care system may require cosatisfaction". We have also suggested not sufficient - but must be linked to pro

Federal Results - 

Satisfaction

First full paragraph - "..although that interventions..." needs re-write

This paragraph has been rewritten.

TEP Results - 

Symptoms

 ...there has been a Cochrane review examining the control of breathlessness

 We agree that this is an important revifinal report under discussion of dyspne
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

TEP Results - 

Symptoms

 I am of the opinion that there is an expanding literature on the treatment of depression in the elderly, which would be coded in that fashion not specifically disease related

We agree that this is a limitation of our 

TEP Results - 

Symptoms ... it’s not exactly clear to me whether it is useful for 

you to refer to the previous State of the Science meetings that have focused on some aspects of these symptoms, particularly pain and emotional symptoms. I may be opening up a Pandora’s box but there is a literature of recommendations that exist that are not captured anywhere in this report .

These were included because they weis the EPC methodology. We recognizsystematic literature that hasn't been inpractice guidelines, and have added la

TEP Results - 

Symptoms

A study by DuPen of a pain intervention demonstrated that the existing medical oncology pain approaches are not as good as pain expertise.

Since the DuPen study used a pre-posimprovement endeavor, we did not inclresearch design.

TEP Results - 

Symptoms

I couldn’t help but wonder if the behavioral issues described under AD are in fact ‘end of life’ issues.

As the broader understandings of "end serious chronic illness that worsens thr- thus advanced dementia is in the catethe work of the national hospice organiserve dementia patients, too.

Peer Results - 

Symptoms

It is worth emphasizing more strongly, the need for effective ways to quantify and compare distressing symptoms other than pain over time.

This has been added to the recommen

Peer Results - 

Symptoms

The authors have missed a study on the role of oxygen versus air in patients with lung cancer subjected to exercise [Bruera E, et al, Palliative Medicine 2003] and a randomized control trial between morphine and placebo conducted before the study by Mazzocato et al [Bruera E, et al, 1993].

We were unable to access these articlereport.

Peer Results - 

Symptoms

The discussion of complementary and/or alternative medicine treatments is troublesome to me. For example, very broad terms such as "behavioral therapy" or "relaxation" are used. But one has no sense of what particular modalities were being evaluated in a given study.

We have tried to give a little description CAM. Reviews of CAM include a variereader will have to go to the source to fmodalities.
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Peer Results - 

Symptoms

The information regarding anxiety and depression reads as if it is being taken from some other polished document. 

The writer in this section was better at copied from some other document.

Peer Results - 

Symptoms

The whole paragraph on pain is vague. The first sentence is inappropriate since there is no need for "high quality evidence" to support the palliation of pain at the end of life in conditions other than cancer.

We have removed that sentence and rdo believe more studies of pain in condare warranted.

Peer Results - 

Symptoms

Under "Pharmaceutical Interventions" the authors have not captured a large number of studies on different opiod formulations....

We agree. We captured some, but not the quantity of literature on this topic anrelied on systematic reviews.

TEP Results - 

Symptoms

We should emphasize that key aspects of the "basic epidemiology" of pain and other symptoms in cancer and non-cancer populations is not only the prevalence, but the incidence or rate at which these symptoms occur. This point was emphasized in the NIH symptom conference last year.

This has been added to the research re

TEP Results - 

Symptoms

Your analysis of the Smith reference doesn't really capture the importance of that study. There are two important features of that study that are not mentioned. First, patients were cared for in a standard oncology practice and when they received a pain assessment for potential participation in the trial, they received pain expertise management. This evaluation had a clear impact on their pain before they even entered the trial. Secondly, those patients who had the intervention with improved pain management lived longer than those who did not.

We have incorporated these important interpretation of the study.

TEP Results- Family & 

Caregiver

 I am not sure if you are aware of the review on carerinterventions with Harding and I conducted....

 This systematic review went to the mea

TEP Recommendations ...recommendation that should come out of this 

work is to undertake cross state and cross country studies

This is a very important recommendationaturally from the examination of existireviewer will have the opportunity to prat the conference in her session, we wrewriting to make the case in the evide
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

Peer Recommendations I am unsure why in your final recommendations you 

talk about the neural basis of dyspnea. This was not a focus of the review.

We agree. Reference to the neural basremoved.

Peer Recommendations I’d suggest putting much of the summary 

information that is currently contained in recommendations into your section summaries.

We have revised the document accord

Peer Recommendations In the recommendation section it might be easier if 

you used a consistent style – summarizing first what was known and then what is not known.

Recommendations have been extensiv

Peer Recommendations These final sections become less of a review and 

more of a personal narrative and evaluation by the reviewer of the literature and interpretation of implications.

We have revised toward a settled style reporting of findings and recommendat

TEP Recommendations ...one is left with the impression that there is so little 

evidence of any value that there is not much basis for the existence of the field. It is a glass half full versus glass half empty disagreement. I hope you will reconsider the negative tone of the summary comments. The difference is subtle but important for this audience.

Thank you. The recommendations havextensively.

TEP Recommendations ...there is no clear executive summary that 

contextualizes the state of the science in an overall manner and that gives clear recommendations for the types of studies, designs and methodological approaches that will be required to answer the priority/key questions in the field.

An executive summary is now provided

Federal Recommendations Chapter 4 needs a wrap-up section/paragraph This section has been completed.Federal Recommendations From a policy perspective, it would be good if you 

would summarize (using bullets) the research recommendations after each section in Chapter 4. That way policy makers can quickly identify what are the research needs.

This has been done.

TEP Recommendations I don't understand what the phrase "research 

estimation" means (about line 7 from the top).

This has been changed to "further rese

Federal Recommendations I found the recommendations weak considering 

again all that is not known.

These have been strengthened.
Appendix K. REVIEWER COMMENTS

"Evidence Report on End-of-Life Care and Outcomes"

TEP Recommendations It is probably worth stating that not only do we need 

to understand the use of non-pharmacological therapies, but we also need to understand the sequencing and combining of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies--apparently there is nothing in the literature on this very important clinical issue.

This has been added to the Discussion 

Federal Recommendations Satisfaction section needs work This section has been revised.Peer Recommendations The conclusion reads like a very polished editorial or 

a lecture given by a palliative care leader to inspire future work, but it is not consistent with the remainder of the document or in scientific terms.

The concluding section has been entire

Peer Recommendations The recommendations section presently lacks much 

luster and seems oddly organized.

Recommendations have been extensiv

Federal Recommendations The recommendations should be formatted as 

bolded statements and following by discussion. 

We have revised accordingly.

TEP Recommendations There are two further references that might be very 

helpful for your research: [1] Chapter 13 in the NICEguidance manual deals specifically with a review of the evidence and the future directions for research. [2] Similarly, the recent World Health Organization guidance on Palliative Care for Older People and Palliative Care: The Solid Facts deals with research recommendations.

 We read both documents and agree wsuggestions. This is reflected in the rev

Peer References This draft report has not yet undergone professional 

copyediting and has a number of typographical errors....reference 50 and 52 are both the same reference.

These errors have been corrected and much more copyediting.
Evtab4.OS Symptoms Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Desbiens, 19981 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 

Sample size: 9105 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Hospitalization Outcomes: Pain, preferences of careDuration: 10 days Withdrawals: 6437 

Results: Preferencaffect patients' oveexperience in later 

Gagnon, 20002 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: Fair Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: NCI of Canada 

Sample size: 94 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Delirium Outcomes: Delirium Duration: Not reported Withdrawals: 5 

Results: Delirium anot be as poor as pconsidered in canc

Goodwin, 20033 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: London Region NHS Research and Development Program

Sample size: 173 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Palliative Day Care Outcomes: Pain, symptom control, palliative day care,QOL Duration: 18 weeks Withdrawals: 56 

Results: Palliative found to improve hquality of life relativ

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab4.OS Symptoms Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Lammi, 20014 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: Fair Setting: Hospice Funding: Europe Against Cancer Program of the European Union 

Sample size: 100 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Palliative care Outcomes: Anxiety, depression Duration: >180 days Withdrawals: 28 

Results: Awaresnemultidimensional npatients in primary centers is needed. 

van der Steen, 20025

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: Fair Setting: Nursing home Funding: Dutch Ministry of Public Health 

Sample size: 706 Disease: Unclear Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Antibiotic treatment for pneumonia Outcomes: Discomfort associated with pneumoniaDuration: 3 months Withdrawals: 44 

Results: Level of chigher in demented not receiving antib

de Wit, 19996 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Ducth Cancer Society 

Sample size: 383 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Pain treatment Outcomes: Pain management Duration: 20 months Withdrawals: 77 

Results: Structural not the major causpain management cause was the pro

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab4.OS Symptoms Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Friedman, 20017 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: American Heart Association 

Sample size: 212 Disease: Single disease: CHFSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Depression Outcomes: Physical symptoms, functioning, depression Duration: 6 weeks Withdrawals: 142 

Results: High levesymptoms and poopatients reported hdepression. 

Fulop, 20038 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: NIMH Grant 

Sample size: 263 Disease: Single disease: CHFSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Depression Outcomes: Hospitalization,health services utilization Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: 42 

Results: High prevdepression in CHF discharge depressmore medical serv

Goldberg, 19979 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: Fair Setting: Nursing home Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 109 Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Risperidone Outcomes: Dementia-related bahavioral disturbancesDuration: 6 months Withdrawals: 46 

Results: Risperidotolerated overall amresidents and deemof sample, moderaof sample, slightly sample and not hesample.

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab4.OS Symptoms Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Payne, 200210 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Nursing home Funding: R-01 The depression in Alzheimer Disease Study 

Sample size: 201 Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Depression Outcomes: DepressionDuration: One year Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Incidence dementia is high in facility residents indepression seems a year of admissiodiagnosis and treainitiated. 

Rumsfeld, 200311 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Pharmacia Corporation 

Sample size: 460 Disease: Single disease: CHFSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Depression Outcomes: Heart failure health status Duration: 6 weeks Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Depressivstrong predictors oworsening HF spec

Keene, 200212 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Home health careFunding: Medical Research Council, Eli Lilly 

Sample size: 100 Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Behavioral symptomsOutcomes: Symptom experience, behavior, causes of death Duration: 11 years Withdrawals: 9 

Results: Family mebenefit from prognterms of caregiving 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab4.OS Symptoms Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Jiang, 200213 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: National Institute of Aging 

Sample size: 374 Disease: Single disease: CHFSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Depression Outcomes: Depression,mortality, re-hospitalization Duration: One year Withdrawals: 43 

Results: Major dephospitalized patienassociated with po

Breitbart, 200214 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: Fair Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 83 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: OlanzapineOutcomes: Delirium Duration: 7 days Withdrawals: 4 

Results: Olanzapinsafe for treatment cancer patients.

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab4.OS Symptoms Evidence Table 

Reference List 

1. Desbiens NA, Mueller-Rizner N, Hamel MB, et al. Preference for comfort care does not affect the pain exp

ill patients. The SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for OutcoTreatment. J Pain Symptom Manage 1998;16(5):281-9. 

2. Gagnon P, Allard P, Masse B, et al. Delirium in terminal cancer: a prospective study using daily screening, 

continuous monitoring. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000;19(6):412-26. 

3. Goodwin DM, Higginson IJ, Myers K, et al. Effectiveness of palliative day care in improving pain, sympto

of life. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003;25(3):202-12. Comment in: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003 Oauthor reply 888-9. PMID: 14527753. 

4. Lammi UK, Kosunen E, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P. Palliative cancer care in two health centres and one hosp

Support Care Cancer 2001;9(1):25-31. 

5. van der Steen JT, Ooms ME, van der Wal G, et al. Pneumonia: the demented patient's best friend? Discomf

withholding antibiotic treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(10):1681-8. 

6. de Wit R, van Dam F, Vielvoye-Kerkmeer A, et al. The treatment of chronic cancer pain in a cancer hospit

J Pain Symptom Manage 1999;17(5):333-50. 

7. Friedman MM, Griffin JA. Relationship of physical symptoms and physical functioning to depression in pa

failure. Heart Lung 2001;30(2):98-104. 

8. Fulop G, Strain JJ, Stettin G. Congestive heart failure and depression in older adults: clinical course and he

months after hospitalization. Psychosomatics 2003;44(5):367-73. 

9. Goldberg RJ, Goldberg J. Risperidone for dementia-related disturbed behavior in nursing home residents: a 

Int Psychogeriatr 1997;9(1):65-8. 

 10. Payne JL, Sheppard JM, Steinberg M, et al. Incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of depression in residents 

facility with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17(3):247-53. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab4.OS Symptoms Evidence Table 

 11. Rumsfeld JS, Havranek E, Masoudi FA, et al. Depressive symptoms are the strongest predictors of short-te

status in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42(10):1811-7. 

 12. Keene J, Hope T, Fairburn CG, et al. Death and dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;16(10):969-74. Co

Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;17(11):1078. PMID: 12404661. 

 13. Jiang W, Alexander J, Christopher E, et al. Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and reh

patients with congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2001;161(15):1849-56. Comment in: Arch I11;162(3):362. PMID: 11822938. Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2002 Feb 11;162(3):362-4. PMID

 14. Breitbart W, Tremblay A, Gibson C. An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalize

Psychosomatics 2002;43(3):175-82. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Bradley, 20011 Design: Cross sectional 

Quality: N/A Setting: Hospital (ICU and non-ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 223 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: White, Hispanic, Black Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Demographic, clinical factors, hospice enrollment Outcomes: Chart documentation of a discussion about prognosis Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 232 / 325 approached agreed to medical record review

Results: Only 38% a documented discprognosis, 29-45% discussions related planning. Non-physuch discussion in emergency admissstay, and hospital dassociated with incprognostic discussmodels. 

Burge, 20032 Design: Retrospective 

cohort secondary data analysisQuality: N/A Setting: Unclear Funding: Cancer Research and Education Nova Scotia (CaRE) 

Sample size: 8702 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: MMCI as measured by family physician care - number of visits adjusted bynumber of physicians involved Outcomes: Emergency department use Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: N/A 

Results: Patients wMMCI < 0.5, made department visits (those with intermeMMCI 0.5-0.8 madvisits (rate ratio 2.2those experiencing (MMCI > 0.8). Absvisits approximatelcontinuity group. Wpatients less likelyincome, not enrollereceiving specialty more likely to have 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Burge, 20033 Design: Retrospective cohort secondary data 

analysisQuality: N/A Setting: Unclear Funding: Cancer Research and Education Nova Scotia (CaRE) 

Sample size: 8702 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: MMCI as measured by family physician care - number of visits adjusted bynumber of physicians involved Outcomes: Emergency department use Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: N/A 

Results: Patients wMMCI < 0.5, made department visits (those with intermeMMCI 0.5-0.8 madvisits (rate ratio 2.2those experiencing (MMCI > 0.8). Absvisits approximatelcontinuity group. Wpatients less likelyincome, not enrollereceiving specialty more likely to have 

Tang, 20034 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Home health careFunding: Roxane Laboratories

Sample size: 127 Disease: Single disease: mixed cancerSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Not reported Outcomes: hospice home careuse Duration: 2-293 days Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: 50% used care. Use of home of hospice. Numbehospitalizations wehospice home care 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Tang, 20035 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: Fair Setting: Unclear Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 180 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Non-hispanic white, other Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Demographic and clinical characteristics, social support, health system factors Outcomes: Site of death Duration: median of 36 days Withdrawals: 127 / 180 enrollees (207 approached)were eligible for analysis of site of death 

Results: Only 30% the site they preferlimited model devevariables selected hospitalization was associated with a lhospice and perceassociated with a hachieving death in 

Wennberg, 2004 6 Design: Retrospective cohort secondary data 

analysisQuality: N/A Setting: Hospice and Hospital (ICU & non ICU) Funding: RWJF, NIA 1PO1AG19783-01

Sample size: 115089 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Black, non-black Gender: Males and females

Exposure: High quality geriatric, cardiovascular, cancer, or pulmonary disease as indicated by US News and World Report rankings. Outcomes: Healthcare resourceuse, number of days spent in hospital or ICU, % of patients seeing 10 or more physicians, % enrolled in hospice - in last 6 months of life.Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: N/A 

Results: On averagcohort saw more thin the last 6 monthin hospital and 27% hospice. There wavariation in the use intensity of care ovmonths of life in hoquality perceived c

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Townsend, 19907 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: Poor Setting: Home health careFunding: Harrow Health Authority, Rehabilitation Research Fund 

Sample size: 84 Disease: Single disease: mixed cancerSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Not reported Outcomes: congruence between preference for location of death and actual site of death Duration: 5-18 mos (or untildeath) Withdrawals: 6 

Results: Preferencon initial interview: in hospital, 20% in Preference at final home, 24% hospitaOf 32 who died in stated preference t

Hutt, 20028 Design: Retrospective 

cohort secondary data analysisQuality: N/A Setting: Nursing home Funding: CMS Contract No. 94-058 

Sample size: 636 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Demographic, clinical factors, advance directives Outcomes: Hospitalization vs. no hospitalization during acute illness in the nursing homeDuration: N/AWithdrawals: N/A 

Results: For three (UTI, CHF, and pnhospitalization variacute illness in the 11%, pneumonia 4Older age decreasgender increased ohospitalization for increased and DNR of hospitalization foWeekend and nighincreased odds of UTI. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Burns, 20039 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: Poor Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Australian Commonwealth Department of Health and Community Services

Sample size: 136 caregivers Disease: Single disease: mixed cancerSeverity: Mixed Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: time Outcomes: Caregiver'sknowledge of treatment intent Duration: 12 weeks Withdrawals: 51 (unclear) 

Results: There was time in caregiver's treatment intent. 448% at week 12 untreatment would nopatient prognosis wknowledge: only 10patients with less tlive believed that thwas curative. IN bbaseline, multiple fstatistically significwith the view that twas curative, inclugender, older carewho were still workunemployed (comphad stopped work patient). Patient ccharacteristics asscaregiver understabreast or ovarian crecruitment througoncology. 

Chin, 199710 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 257 Disease: Single disease: CHFSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Not reported Outcomes: hospitalization Duration: 60 days Withdrawals: None

Results: 31% were within 60 days. In manalysis, neither rapredicted re-hospit

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Chin, 199710 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: Fair Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care and Hospital (non ICU) Funding: NIA K12-AG00488 award 

Sample size: 257 Disease: Single disease: CHFSeverity: Moderate Race: White, non-white Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Demographic, clinical, and social characteristics Outcomes: Readmission Duration: 60 days Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Single macomorbidity, and ovariables were indassociated with risRisk of re-admissiodays. 

Fried, 199711 Design: Retrospective 

cohort secondary data analysisQuality: N/A Setting: Nursing home Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 3782 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Demographic, clinical, functional factors, advance directives. Outcomes: Hospitalization vs. no hospitalization during a six month period Duration: N/AWithdrawals: N/A 

Results: Older, femhospitalized less fror greater pressure tube, recent medicassociated with highospitalization. Adnot associated with Moderate to severe impairment associand severe functiohigher risk of hosp

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Kane, 200312 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Nursing home Funding: CMS 

Sample size: ~4800 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Evercare Outcomes: resource utilization: hospital, ER, physician, and psychotherapy use Duration: 15 months Withdrawals: 3% disenrollment in Evercare per month, "almost all due to death" 

Results: Evercare for ong-stay nursinThe model seeks tcare intensity by epractitioners in conhomes to supplemprimary care physinursing home staffEvercare and contcompared 3 grouppatients, patients icontracted nursing receiving Evercarenon-Evercare-conthomes. Patients wadmission date. Mcontrolling for multvariables (but not aclustering by facilithospitalizations anin the Evercare grosubstituting nursinhospital care. Prevhospitalizations wePatient attention was high. No informthe terminally ill or 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Knol, 200313 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Home health careFunding: Dutch government, University of Groningen, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dutch Cancer Foundation,Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research 

Sample size: 555 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: time Outcomes: utilization of professional home care Duration: 2 years Withdrawals: 555 are of anoriginal sample of 753. 

Results: Patients wparticipate in intervwere excluded. 25home care initially, 2 years later. The new home care usmorbidity, older agof mastery. Lower self-efficacy had bosignificance. Disabamount of informarole in prospectivehome care use. 

Heller, 200014 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU and non-ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 4981 Disease: Predominately one disease: Cardiovascular disease Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Disease group (postMI, other heart disease, CHF, or stroke), Demographic and clinical characteristics Outcomes: Death and readmission to a hospital the year after discharge for anindex conditionDuration: 1 year post-index discharge Withdrawals: None

Results: Patients whighest risk for re-a(49%) the year aftehospitalization. Stradmission rate of awas the most impoprognostic indicato

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Holtzman, 199815 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Home health careFunding: HCFA, Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation 

Sample size: 970 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: HMO care Outcomes: ADL function, hospital readmission Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: None in 6 weeks 

Results: This study Medicare patients CVA, COPD, CHFor hip fracture repaend-of-life issues (rate) is not reporteanalyses, there wedifferences in hospor ADL status by Hservice status.

Nourhashemi, 200116

Design: Cross sectional Quality: N/A Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 118 Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Not reported Outcomes: Emergency hospitaladmissionDuration: N/AWithdrawals: 118 / 118 cases described 

Results: Behaviorafollowed by falls. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Stewart, 200217 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: Fair Setting: Home health careFunding: National Heart Foundation of Australia 

Sample size: 90 Disease: Single disease: CHFSeverity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Not reported Outcomes: Early ClinicalDeterioration hospital utilization Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: None

Results: Among 90 chronic heart failurmultidisciplinary, hintervention and fo2 died, 5 had an unreadmission, and 2unstable at a plannoutcome of Early CDeterioration (ECDthe combination of In multivariate anaand greater comorassociated with ECassociated with greevent-free survival hospitalization) in t

Zweig, 200418 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Nursing home Funding: AHRQ, HRSA, RWJ 

Sample size: 1031 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Unclear Race: White, Black Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Evaluation for a lower respiratory tract infection Outcomes: Hospitalization Duration: 30 days Withdrawals: 21 

Results: In logistic there was no signifthe adjusted odds within 30 days of elower respiratory inAmericans. The afor males was bord(1.42 (0.99-2.03). decreased the odd(0.69 (0.49-0.97)). 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

Reference List 

1. Bradley EH, Hallemeier AG, Fried TR, et al. Documentation of discussions about prognosis with terminall

Med 2001;111(3):218-23. 

2. Burge F, Lawson B, Johnston G. Family physician continuity of care and emergency department use in end

Med Care 2003;41(8):992-1001. 

3. Burge F, Lawson B, Johnston G, et al. Primary care continuity and location of death for those with cancer. 

2003;6(6):911-8. 

4. Tang ST. Determinants of hospice home care use among terminally ill cancer patients. Nurs Res 2003;52(4

5. Tang ST, Mccorkle R. Determinants of congruence between the preferred and actual place of death for term

patients. J Palliat Care 2003;19(4):230-7. 

6. Wennberg JE, Fisher ES, Stukel TA, et al. Use of hospitals, physician visits, and hospice care during last si

among cohorts loyal to highly respected hospitals in the United States. BMJ 2004;328(7440):607. C2004 Mar 13;328(7440):610. PMID: 15016693. 

7. Townsend J, Frank AO, Fermont D, et al. Terminal cancer care and patients' preference for place of death: 

BMJ 1990;301(6749):415-7. Comment in: BMJ. 1993 Jun 26;306(6894):1754. PMID: 8343651. 

8. Hutt E, Ecord M, Eilertsen TB, et al. Precipitants of emergency room visits and acute hospitalization in sho

nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(2):223-9. 

9. Burns CM, Dixon T, Broom D, et al. Family caregiver knowledge of treatment intent in a longitudinal stud

advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 2003;11(10):629-37. 

 10. Chin MH, Goldman L. Correlates of early hospital readmission or death in patients with congestive heart fa

1997;79(12):1640-4. 

 11. Fried TR, Mor V. Frailty and hospitalization of long-term stay nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 19

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab1. OS Continuity and Coordination Evidence Table 

Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Mar;45(3):378-9. PMID: 9063288. 

 12. Kane RL, Keckhafer G, Flood S, et al. The effect of Evercare on hospital use. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(10 13. Knol HR, Haken L, Kempen GI. Disablement process and the utilization of home care among non-institutio

people: contrasting results between cross-sectional and panel data. Disabil Rehabil 2003;25(15):845

 14. Heller RF, Fisher JD, D'Este CA, et al. Death and readmission in the year after hospital admission with card

the Hunter Area Heart and Stroke Register. Med J Aust 2000;172(6):261-5. 

 15. Holtzman J, Chen Q, Kane R. The effect of HMO status on the outcomes of home-care after hospitalization 

population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46(5):629-34. 

 16. Nourhashemi F, Andrieu S, Sastres N, et al. Descriptive analysis of emergency hospital admissions of patie

disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2001;15(1):21-5. 

 17. Stewart S, Horowitz JD. Detecting early clinical deterioration in chronic heart failure patients post-acute ho

component of multidisciplinary, home-based intervention? Eur J Heart Fail 2002;4(3): 345-51. 

 18. Zweig SC, Kruse RL, Binder EF, et al. Effect of do-not-resuscitate orders on hospitalization of nursing hom

for lower respiratory infections. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(1):51-8. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Collins, 19941 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Nursing home and home Funding: NIMH

Sample size: N=142 (46 residential CGs vs. 49 CGs of institutionalized vs. 47 bereaved CGs) Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Unclear Race: Caucasian (98%), AfricanAmerican (2%) Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Three 60-90 minute interviews and complete a selfadministered booklet (Intake, 22 months, 37 months) Outcomes: Depression . Duration: 3 years Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: No statistdifferences were foinstitution, and berdemographic charasignificant differencthe three groups obereaved caregiveof decreasing deprrelative's death whcaregivers experie

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Emanuel, 19992 Design: Survey 

Quality: GoodSetting: Home, nursing home, hospital (ICU) and hospice Funding: Commonwealth Fund & Nathan Cummings Foundation 

Sample size: 988 terminally ill patients and 893 caregivers in 6 randomly selected areas of the US. 59% were over the age of 65 years and 51.5% were women (cancer 52%, heart disease-18%, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease11%). 4% were in a nursing home, hos Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White (79%), Black (14%), Hispanic (3%), Other (4%)Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Once Outcomes: Type of assistance needed. Duration: None Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: A need foby 87% of the patietransportation (rephomemaking servi(29%), and persontwo percent of care96% of caregivers Most patients reliemembers and frien15.5% of patients rassistance for morthey needed. Voluwho were not famithan 3% of all carecare, dying patientof assistance. Famwomen, provided twith non-medical c

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Grant, 20023 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Nursing home and home Funding: NIA 

Sample size: N=167 (119 CG and 48 noncaregiving comparisonCG) Disease: Single disease: Alzheimer's Disease Severity: Mixed Race: Not reported Gender: Females 

Exposure: baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months Outcomes: CG physical and mental health. Duration: 18 months Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: CG who pa NH or whose carimprovement in desymptoms comparto provide care and comparisons. Both pt associated with during transitions. continued symptomtranstions.

Hays, 19944 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Not reported Funding: NIMH & NIA 

Sample size: N=1,112 caregivers Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced and moderate Race: White (91%), African American (8.5%), Hispanic (.5%) Gender: Females 

Exposure: Baseline, 2 mo., 6 mo., 13 mo., and 25 mo. After enrollment Outcomes: Depression,General Anxiety, Feelings of Helplessness and Hopelessness.Duration: 2 years Withdrawals: 371 (25% of eligible respondents) 

Results: Distress wof the patient's illnetiming of the bereagender and age of 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Hodgson, 19975 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Home health careFunding: Cancer Society, Europe Against Cancer

Sample size: N=757 pts (508 died while in HH) and 747 caregivers Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: White (100%) Gender: Females 

Exposure: Baseline, 2 weeks, week of death Outcomes: Cg function and ability to self-care, patient and family physical symptoms, psychological functioning, and communication. Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: 75% of paof families had sevanxiety. During the remained severe foand family well-beithere were significfamily anxiety and psychological symcommunication. Fstrongly predicts faof life. Excluding fother predictors fopatient symptom cdiagnosis, and pat

Martikainen, 19986

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Not reported Funding: Social Science Research Council, Academy of Finland 

Sample size: N=5,500 widowed decedents Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Caucasian (100%) Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Baseline, 5 years later Outcomes: Mortality. Duration: 5 year Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Results inwomen experience death of a spouse excess mortality ambroadly similar in asubgroups analyzedifference between persons, however, less educated andpersons. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Schulz, 20017 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Unclear Funding: NIMH

Sample size: N=129 caregivers Disease: Single disease: Cardiovascular Disease Severity: Advanced and moderate Race: White (90%) Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Baseline, 3 annual in-person interviews, 2 years after Outcomes: Depressivesymptoms, anitdepressant medication use, 6 health risk behaviors, weight. Duration: 4 years Withdrawals: 103 

Results: CES-D scdid not change am(p=.76)while CES-both non-caregiverstrained caregivers signifcantly more liantidepressant medeath than non-strstrained CG group improvement in hefollowing the death while the non-caregroups showed littexpereinced signifthe death while the strained CG grouplosing one's spousvaries as a functioexperiences that pindividuals who are the death, the deattheir level of distre

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Schulz, 20038 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Home Funding: NIMH

Sample size: N=217 caregivers Disease: Single disease: Alzheimer's Disease Severity: Advanced and moderate Race: White (66%), Black (20%), Hispanic (14%) Gender: Females 

Exposure: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months Outcomes: Number of hours/wkspent helping pt, type of assistance provided patient, CG burden and depression, medication use, impact of caregiving on employment,formal health service use, CG response to death of patient. Duration: 18 months Withdrawals: 48 

Results: Overall, clevels of depressivproviding care to th(mean CES-D sco13). Forty-three pescores above 15. relative, depressiv22. However, withdeath of the relativsignificant declines symptoms, declininbereavement levelmedian, 14). Withsymptoms were subaseline (mean 11(P=0.03). Caregivthen placed their rehad mean scores f17.1+11.9 (medianand mean depress(median, 15) after after placement, deremained high amohigher among carebeen institutionalizcaregivers of patie16.2 vs. 11.5; medUse of antidepressanxiolytic drugs incthe relative (16.6% death, 21% and 18the death of a closviewed as a powerpsychological stresstudy showed remadapting to the dea

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Teno, 20049 Design: Telephone 

Survey Quality: GoodSetting: Home, hospice, nursing home, and hospital (ICU and nonICU) Funding: RWJ 

Sample size: N=1578 respondents Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White (83%), Black (12%), Hispanic (3%)Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Survey Outcomes: Patient and family centered end of life care. Duration: None Withdrawals: 1697 

Results: Sixty-sevedied in an institutioat home. Of those not receive nursing home nursing servhospice services. with pain or dyspnereceive adequate treported concerns communication. Mrespondents cared agency, nursing hoinsufficient emotionand/or 1 or more cemotional support, of those receiving Nursing home resithose care for in a hospice services to treated with respecvs. 77% and 96% members of patienservices were morquality of care: 71% compared with less in an institutional sservices. These ddying in institutions symptom managemcommunication, emtreated with respecdecedents who dieservices were morfavorable dying ex

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Tilden, 200410 Design: Telephone 

Survey Quality: GoodSetting: Home, nursing home, hospice and other Funding: NINR and RWJ 

Sample size: N=1,089 widowed caregivers Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White (83%), Black (4.4%), Hispanic (3.9%), Asian-PacificIslander (4.3%), American Indian (4.1%) Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Once Outcomes: Advance directives, hospice enrollment, use of lifesustaining treatments, perceived decedent symptom distress, financial hardship, outof-pocket costs, family caregiver strain.Duration: None Withdrawals: 471 

Results: Results shdecedents had an and were enrolled Although perceived distress was low o(e.g., pain, dyspnedistressing for appdecedents experiehardship, out-of-pocaregiver strain weAmerican Indian raassociated with deGreater perceived distress, hospice einvolvement, and massociated with greThus, despite high directives and hossymptom distress wdecedents, and cacommon. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Volicer, 200311 Design: Mail Survey 

Quality: GoodSetting: Home, nursing home, hospital (ICU and non-ICU) Funding: Alzheimer's Association and Dept. of Veterans Affairs

Sample size: n=156 Caregivers Disease: Single disease: Alzheimer's Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Caucasian (97%) Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Once Outcomes: Severity of dementia, Place of death, CG burden, CG satisfaction withcare, enrollment in hospice, amount and type of help received by CG. Duration: None Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: 22% of ptsuggest that end oindividuals with desetting of care. Paand receiving hospdays had fewer syand fewer signs of the dying process. affect caregiver bustayed at home 23 twice as likely to dinstitution. Caregivhome had increaseburden but other bamong all groups. dying both at home less satisfied with cin only one settingfound for use of foassistance. Psychpatient increased cthe most common institutionalization. care was associatehome. Presence odecreased hospitalikelihood of dying results indicate thadementia care can hospice and psych

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

McCarthy, 199712 Design: Telephone Survey 

Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU and non-ICU), home and other Funding: North East Thames Regional Health Authority, East Anglia Regional Health Authority, South East Thames Regional Health Authority, The Care Foundation, Tunbridge Wells, the Stanley Luff Bequest Fund

Sample size: 600 Caregivers Disease: Single disease: Cardiovascular Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Once Outcomes: Information about illness, Knowledge of prognosis, Learning about dying, Support in dying, Place of death, Time to death. Duration: None Withdrawals: 75 

Results: Just undefelt they had not beinformation regardthat they had wantwanted it. Thirty-ssaid they had knowto die and 26% saiwhereas 26% of dereported to have kreported to have “pwere likely to die. patients who were probably known thwere reported to hfor themselves: onbeen told by a GP Moreover, only 44% of the terminal progpatients (54%) diehome, and 4% in ounder age 75 were institution and morthan patients 75 or or older more frequnursing homes thadeceased were repa wish to die soonewere said to have (30% vs. 17%, P<0decedents who we2.6 times more likewish to die soonersymptoms perceivwere 2.3 times mohad a poor quality likely to expressed 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Evangelista,200213

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Home Funding: American Heart Association Western Division and the UCSF School of Nursing 

Sample size: 103 CG/PT dyads Disease: Single disease: Cardiovascular Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White (77%), Black (6%), Other (17%) Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Once Outcomes: Emotional wellbeing. Duration: None Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Caregiverfemale (71%) and HF (83%). Patients (poorer) emotional caregivers. Both gassociated with pabeing; male and yohigher (better) scopatients (P<.05). Pcaregivers' emotiofor 54% of the variwell-being. Findinemotional well-beinpatient well-being. caregivers and proto support their lovbeneficial to patien

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Covinsky, 199414 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU & non ICU) Funding: RWJ 

Sample size: N=2,129 caregivers Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White (81%), Black (16%), Other (3%)Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Baseline, 2 months, 6 months Outcomes: Frequency of adverse caregiving and economic burdens, patient functional status. Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: One third considerable caregfamily member. In member had to qumajor life change tpatient. Loss of mosavings was reportwhereas 29% reposource of income. independently assofamily's savings incstatus (OR 1.40; 9family income (OR for those with annu$25,000_, and you2.13 to 3.82 for thoof age compared to Families of youngefunctionally dependlikely to report loss family's savings to 

Brazil, 200315 Design: Interview Survey 

Quality: Fair Setting: Home, nursing home, hospital (ICU) and nursing homeFunding: N/R 

Sample size: N=151 caregivers Disease: Predominately one disease: CancerSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Once Outcomes: Physicalrestrictions, need for assistance, CG burden. Duration: None Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: The majothe female spouseThe numbers of caassistance in specwere: bathing (88%and undressing (76and assistance at reported that they form of care for ovthat physical demaincreased substanmonths of the care caregivers provideADLs, they were ahigh caregiver burd
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Emanuel, 200016 Design: Interview Survey 

Quality: GoodSetting: Home, nursing home, hospital (ICU) and hospice Funding: Commonwealth Fund & Nathan Cummings Foundation 

Sample size: 988 terminally ill patients and 893 caregivers in 6 randomly selected areas of the US. 59% were over the age of 65 years and 51.5% were women (cancer 52%, heart disease-18%, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease11%). 4% were in a nursing home, hos Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White (79%), Black (14%), Hispanic (3%), Other (4%)Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Once Outcomes: Economic and noneconomic burdens of caregiving. Duration: None Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: 35% of thcare needs and thacare needs were mthey had a subjectburden (44.9% vs. percentage points P=0.005). In addithousehold income (28% vs. 17%; diffepoints [CI 4.8 to 17they or their familieor mortgage spend an additional job (1difference, 6.1 per10.6]; P=0.004). Pcare needs were meuthanasia or phys(P=0.001). Caregimore likely to have (P=0.01) and to repatients interfered Caregivers of patielistened to patientshad fewer burdens

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Markowitz, 200317

Design: Interview Survey Quality: GoodSetting: Nursing home and home Funding: Janssen Pharmaceutica Products, L.P. 

Sample size: 2,477 dementia caregivers Disease: Single disease: Alzheimer's Disease Severity: Advanced and moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Once Outcomes: Health related quality of life, difficulty of caregiving, patient functioning level, IADLs, health care use. Duration: None Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Compared adjusted sample, thad lower mental athe latter, only thosolder). Increased cfunctioning was assupport and percemedical care, fewefewer patient beha

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Steinhauser, 200018

Design: Telephone Survey Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU and non-ICU) Funding: VA Health Services Research and Development award 

Sample size: N=1,462 (340 seriously ill patients, 332 recently bereaved family members, 361 physicians and 429 other health care providers = nurses, social workers,chaplains, and hospice volunteers) Disease: Other:Severity: Other Race: White (82%), African American (7.4%), Asian American(3.6%), Latino (2.2%), Native American (3.4%), Other (1.9%) Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Once Outcomes: End of Life factorsconsidered important by patients, families, physicians and other health care providers. Duration: None Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Twenty-sirated as being imp70% of respondensymptom managemdeath, achieving a decisions about trebeing treated as a 

Additionally, respo

preference for humend of life. Results differences among Eight items receivefrom patients but le(P<.001), including having funeral arrabeing a burden, heto peace with Godvariation within as groups, including dsustaining treatmetalking about the mParticipants ranked important and dyinamong 9 major attpain and symptom communication witpreparation for deaachieve a sense of to most, other factothe end of life diffe

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

Reference List 

1. Collins C, Stommel M, Wang S, et al. Caregiving transitions: changes in depression among family caregive

dementia. Nurs Res 1994;43(4):220-5. 

2. Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, et al. Assistance from family members, friends, paid care givers, a

care of terminally ill patients. N Engl J Med 1999;341(13):956-63. 

3. Grant I, Adler KA, Patterson TL, et al. Health consequences of Alzheimer's caregiving transitions: effects o

bereavement. Psychosom Med 2002;64(3):477-86. 

4. Hays JC, Kasl SV, Jacobs SC. The course of psychological distress following threatened and actual conjug

Psychol Med 1994;24(4):917-27. 

5. Hodgson C, Higginson I, McDonnell M, et al. Family anxiety in advanced cancer: a multicentre prospectiv

J Cancer 1997;76(9):1211-4. 

6. Martikainen P, Valkonen T. Do education and income buffer the effects of death of spouse on mortality? E

1998;9(5):530-4. 

7. Schulz R, Beach SR, Lind B, et al. Involvement in caregiving and adjustment to death of a spouse: findings 

health effects study. JAMA 2001;285(24):3123-9. 

8. Schulz R, Mendelsohn AB, Haley WE, et al. End-of-life care and the effects of bereavement on family care

with dementia. N Engl J Med 2003;349(20):1936-42. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 2003 Nov 13;34914614164. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 2004 Feb 12;350(7):733-4; author reply 733-4. PMID: 1496

9. Teno JM, Clarridge BR, Casey V, et al. Family perspectives on end-of-life care at the last place of care. JA

93. Comment in: JAMA. 2004 Mar 24;291(12):1445-6; author reply 1446. PMID: 15039410. 

 10. Tilden VP, Tolle SW, Drach LL, et al. Out-of-Hospital Death: Advance Care Planning, Decedent Symptom

Burden. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(4):532-9. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab2.OS Family/Caregiver Concerns Evidence Table 

 11. Volicer L, Hurley AC, Blasi ZV . Characteristics of dementia end-of-life care across care settings. Am J Ho

2003;20(3):191-200. 

 12. McCarthy M, Hall JA, Ley M. Communication and choice in dying from heart disease. J R Soc Med 1997; 13. Evangelista LS, Dracup K, Doering L, et al. Emotional well-being of heart failure patients and their caregiv

2002;8(5):300-5. 

 14. Covinsky KE, Goldman L, Cook EF, et al. The impact of serious illness on patients' families. SUPPORT In

Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. JAMA 1994;272(23)

 15. Brazil K, Bedard M, Willison K, et al. Caregiving and its impact on families of the terminally ill. Aging an

2003;7(5): 376-82. 

 16. Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, et al. Understanding economic and other burdens of terminal illne

patients and their caregivers. Annals of Internal Medicine 2000;132(6):451-9. 

 17. Markowitz JS, Gutterman EM, Sadik K, et al. Health-related quality of life for daregivers of patients With 

Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 2003;17(4):209-214. 

 18. Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, et al. Factors considered important at the end of life by patients, 

and other care providers. JAMA 2000;284(19):2476-82. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Baker, 20001 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU and non-ICU) Funding: RWJF 

Sample size: 726 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White, non-white Gender: Males and females

Exposure: pain, disease category, functional status, use of life sustaining treatment, circumstances of death Outcomes: Satisfaction withcommunication and comfort  pain, disease category, functional status, use of life sustaining treatment, circumstances of death. Duration: up to 6 months Withdrawals: 216 / 983 deaths 

Results: Gender of associated with lowintervention status higher satisfaction following preferencmoderate impact oassociated with lowcommunication. 

Correa-Velez, 20032

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: National Health and Medical Research Council #991215 

Sample size: 111 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, satisfaction with conventional medical care,Outcomes: Physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, satisfaction with conventional medical care, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use. Duration: 12 months Withdrawals: 11/111 too ill to participate in longitudinal phase 

Results: Complemalternative medicinassociated with lowconventional mediccare, non-users of more dissatisfied in life. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Curtisa, 19993 Design: Prospective 

Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: University of Washington Intramural funds 

Sample size: 57 Disease: Single disease: AIDS Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: degree of MD-patient communication about end of life careOutcomes: Presence and quality of patient-physiciancommunication about end of life care, preferences for lifesustaining treatment, satisfaction with care. Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: 5 / 57 (baseline only) 

Results: Lower inclower quality of comhigher quality of coassociated with higsatisfaction with ca

Fakhoury, 19964 Design: Retrospective cohort

Quality: N/A Setting: Unclear Funding: Hariri Foundation, ORS award, UK regional health authorities, Care Foundation Tunbridge Wells 

Sample size: 1858 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: White, non-white Gender: Males and females

Exposure: service characteristics of end of life careOutcomes: satisfaction withdistrict nurse, general practitioner, and hospital physician care  multiple sociodemographic, informal caregiver, and service characteristics.Duration: N/AWithdrawals: N/A 

Results: High levenurses, GP's, and noted. Stepwise prselect from expans

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Fakhoury, 19975 Design: Retrospective cohort

Quality: N/A Setting: Unclear Funding: Hariri Foundation, ORS award, UK regional health authorities, Care Foundation Tunbridge Wells 

Sample size: 1858 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Advanced Race: White, non-white Gender: Males and females

Exposure: service characteristics of end of life careOutcomes: Satisfaction withdistrict nurse, general practitioner, and hospital physician care  multiple sociodemographic, informal caregiver, and service characteristics.Duration: N/AWithdrawals: N/A 

Results: Owner-ocpatients, spouses vthose with short dusymptoms somewhsatisfaction measucomparisons.

Fisher, 20036 Design: Retrospective 

cohort secondary data analysisQuality: N/A Setting: Unclear Funding: RWJF, NIH CA52192, NIA 1PO1 AG19783-01 

Sample size:~1,000,000 Disease: Predominately one disease: 3 cohorts (hip fracture, colorectal cancer, acute myocardial infarction) Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Clinical and demographic characteristics, End of Life Exposure Index (EOL-EI) Outcomes: Mortality, functional status change, and satisfaction with care. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: N/A 

Results: Higher spof life not associatemortality, improved or greater satisfactcohort. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Heyland, 20037 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: Canadian ICU Foundation, Queen Elizabeth II Hleath Sciences CenterResearch Foundation 

Sample size: 256 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: N/A Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: overall experience related to death of a loved one, communication Outcomes: Overall death experience, communication, overall satisfaction. Duration: 4 weeks Withdrawals: 256 / 413 responded 

Results: Higher peand compassion, soverall level of careinformation provideassociated with higsatisfaction with IC

Higginson, 20028 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Hospice Funding: European Commission, International Union Against Cancer for the International CancerFellowship 

Sample size: 1326 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: N/A Gender: Males and females

Exposure: enrollment in palliative care service Outcomes: Quality of life including communication. Duration: median, approximately 30 days Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: No gendecommunication (tredifficulties in profescommunication amnot significant (p=0differences in interprofessional / pt / fcommunication by observed. 

Kristjanson, 19979

Design: Cross sectional cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Home health care and hospice Funding: NCI Canada, Manitoba Health Research Council 

Sample size: 72 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: N/A Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: family expectations and functioning Outcomes: Family care expectations, family functioning, satisfaction. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 72 / 82 responded 

Results: Satisfactiogeographic provincyounger families, dbetween expectatiof care was significsatisfaction, site of 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Larsson, 200410 Design: Cross sectional 

cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Home health careFunding: Not reported 

Sample size: 67 Disease: Unclear Severity: Advanced Race: N/A Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: gender, age, and status (spouse, child, other) of family member, frequency of contact Outcomes: Patient and family perceptions of care. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 67 / 100 responded 

Results: Family mefrequent contact bocare and rated the importance of thosto the patient's wefamily members wcontact. 

Malacrida, 199811 Design: Retrospective 

cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: 125th Jubileum Basle Insurance Company 

Sample size: 123 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: N/A Gender: Males and females

Exposure: quality of the ICU experience Outcomes: Family membersperceptions of care delivered in the ICU. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 123 / 390 respondents 

Results: Multiple bcomparisons up to death. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Sulmasy, 200212 Design: Cross sectional cohort

Quality: N/A Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Altman Foundation 

Sample size: 84 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White, non-white Gender: Males and females

Exposure: pain, depression, nature of nursing and physician careOutcomes: Symptoms severity, anxiety and depression, perceptions and satisfactionwith physicians and nurses. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 110 /367 refused  84 / 88 remaining eligibles for current survey

Results: Only +DNstaff vs. private phstatus, and depresmultivariate modelassociated with lowphysician and nurs

Teno, 200413 Design: Retrospective 

cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Hospice, nursinghome and Hospital Funding: RWJF 

Sample size: 1578 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: services and setting of care at the end of life Outcomes: Family perceptions of end of life care. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 1578 / 3275 deaths

Results: Death in hassociated with imby all unadjusted mimproved emotionaemotional support, treating patient resoverall quality comcare, nursing homedying. Inadequate involvement, coordhospital and nursinparticular. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT rolled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Cont

Tierney, 199814 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: AHRQ (RO1 - HS07632, 07763, 09083 

Sample size: 42 (26 witth 2 measurements) Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: inpatient hospice treatment Outcomes: Satisfaction, quality of life, symptoms. Duration: 3-4 days Withdrawals: 16/42 (baseline only) 

Results: Higher sacorrelated with betadmission, and alssymptom control a

Tolle, 200015 Design: Retrospective 

cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Hospice, nursinghome and Hospital Funding: Proejct on Death in American, Meyer Memorial Trust, RWJF, Nathan Cummings Foundation 

Sample size: 475 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: services and setting of care at the end of life Outcomes: Family perceptions of end of life care. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 475 / 1,458 deaths

Results: Transfers associated with respreferences, pain mNeither advance carespect for treatmesatisfaction with suclinicians differed bReport of pain comet.al., worse in hosdifficulties in manaassociated with hoDifficulties with respreferences and suclinicians associatemanagement. 

Volicer, 200116 Design: Retrospective 

cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Unclear Funding: Alzheimer's Association, USPHS P30 AG13846 

Sample size: 156 Disease: Single disease: Dementia Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: services and setting of care at the end of life Outcomes: Family perceptions of end of life care. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 156 / 572 surveys returned 

Results: Unclear sSymptom scale anmodestly (~0.30) cassessing aspects decision making. 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Zhukovsky, 199517

Design: Cross sectional cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 101 Disease: Single disease: Cancer Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: pain and physician management of pain Outcomes: Pain, satisfaction with pain control. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 101 / 171 approached

Results: Worse paphysician not adeqabout pain, and decontrol in pain regiwith dissatisfaction management. 

Dawson, 199118 Design: Retrospective 

cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Home health care, hospice and hospital Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 100 Disease: Unclear Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: site of care and death Outcomes: Emotional needs of patient and family, satisfaction with psycho-social support of nurse caregivers, overall satisfaction with medical care. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 100 / 179 surveys returned 

Results: Hospice uhome more satisfiethan hospice users settings or non-hosdied in hospital. 

Jacoby, 199919 Design: Retrospective cohort

Quality: N/A Setting: Hospice, nursinghome and Hospital Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 156 Disease: Unclear Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: service quality and site of care Outcomes: Family perceptions of end of life care. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 156 / 355 surveys returned 

Results: Satisfactiopractitioners and scorrelated with perrelieve symptoms acommunication. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

First AuthorYear ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Kane, 200220 Design: Cross sectional 

cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: HCFA #500-96-0008 

Sample size: 1161 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Wisconsin Partnership Program participation Outcomes: Functional status, caregiver burden, advancedirectives, service attributesand satisfaction. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 1161 / 1372 

Results: WPP partdemonstrated mucadvance care planpreference for limitwith in-area controcare was largely no in-area and out-of-more likely to repotreats them with retheir care is well cono differences in c

Steinhauser, 200021

Design: Cross sectional cohortQuality: N/A Setting: Unclear Funding: VA HSR&D IIR 96-066 

Sample size: 1462 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White, AfricanAmerican, AsianAmerican, Latino, Native American, Other Gender: Males and females

Exposure: N/A Outcomes: Ratings of attributesof experiences at the end of life. Duration: N/AWithdrawals: 1462 / 2000 

Results: Areas of cdiscordance identifimportance of 44 itsymptoms or persopreparation for end sense of completiobeing treated as a relationships with has noted by patienfamily, and other pgender, religiousneand relationship to related to various iitems. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

Reference List 

1. Baker R, Wu AW, Teno JM, et al. Family satisfaction with end-of-life care in seriously ill hospitalized adu

2000;48(5 Suppl):S61-9. 

2. Correa-Velez I, Clavarino A, Barnett AG, et al. Use of complementary and alternative medicine and quality 

the end of life. Palliat Med 2003;17(8):695-703.

3. Curtisa JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell E, et al. The quality of patient-doctor communication about end-of-life ca

with advanced AIDS and their primary care clinicians. AIDS 1999;13(9):1123-31. 

4. Fakhoury W, McCarthy M, Addington-Hall J. Determinants of informal caregivers' satisfaction with servic

patients. Soc Sci Med 1996;42(5):721-31. 

5. Fakhoury WK, McCarthy M, Addington-Hall J. The effects of the clinical characteristics of dying cancer p

caregivers' satisfaction with palliative care. Palliat Med 1997;11(2):107-15. 

6. Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Stukel TA, et al. The implications of regional variations in Medicare spending. P

outcomes and satisfaction with care. Ann Intern Med 2003;138(4):288-98. Comment in: Ann Intern 18;138(4):347-8. PMID: 12585834. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):348-9. PMIComment in: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):350-1. PMID: 12585836. Comment in: Ann Inte

7. Heyland DK, Rocker GM, O'Callaghan CJ, et al. Dying in the ICU: perspectives of family members. Chest 

Comment in: Chest. 2003 Jul;124(1):11-2. PMID: 12853494. 

8. Higginson IJ, Costantini M. Communication in end-of-life cancer care: a comparison of team assessments i

countries. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(17):3674-82. 

9. Kristjanson LJ, Leis A, Koop PM, et al. Family members' care expectations, care perceptions, and satisfact

cancer care: results of a multi-site pilot study. J Palliat Care 1997;13(4):5-13. 

 10. Larsson BW, Larsson G, Carlson SR. Advanced home care: patients' opinions on quality compared with th

members. J Clin Nurs 2004;13(2):226-33. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab3.OS Satisfaction Evidence Table 

 11. Malacrida R, Bettelini CM, Degrate A, et al. Reasons for dissatisfaction: a survey of relatives of intensive c

died. Crit Care Med 1998;26(7):1187-93. Comment in: Crit Care Med. 1998 Jul;26(7):1150-1. PMIComment in: Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan;28(1):289-90. PMID: 10667559. 

 12. Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM. Patients' ratings of quality and satisfaction with care at the end of life. Arch Int

2002;162(18):2098-104. 

 13. Teno JM, Clarridge BR, Casey V, et al. Family perspectives on end-of-life care at the last place of care. JA

93. Comment in: JAMA. 2004 Mar 24;291(12):1445-6; author reply 1446. PMID: 15039410. 

 14. Tierney RM, Horton SM, Hannan TJ, et al. Relationships between symptom relief, quality of life, and satis

care. Palliat Med 1998;12(5 ):333-44. 

 15. Tolle SW, Tilden VP, Rosenfeld AG, et al. Family reports of barriers to optimal care of the dying. Nurs Re

 16. Volicer L, Hurley AC, Blasi ZV . Scales for evaluation of End-of-Life Care in Dementia. Alzheimer Dis A

2001;15(4):194-200. 

 17. Zhukovsky DS, Gorowski E, Hausdorff J, et al. Unmet analgesic needs in cancer patients. J Pain Symptom 

1995;10(2):113-9. 

 18. Dawson NJ. Need satisfaction in terminal care settings. Soc Sci Med 1991;32(1 ):83-7.  19. Jacoby A, Lecouturier J, Bradshaw C, et al. Feasibility of using postal questionnaires to examine carer satis

palliative care: a methodological assessment. South Tyneside MAAG Palliative Care Study Group. 1999;13(4 ):285-98. 

 20. Kane RL, Homyak P, Bershadsky B, et al. Consumer responses to the Wisconsin Partnership Program for E

variation on the PACE Model. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57(4):M250-8. 

 21. Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, et al. Factors considered important at the end of life by patients, 

and other care providers. JAMA 2000;284(19):2476-82. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Curtis, 19991

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Not reported Funding: 1) Pickner/ Commonwealth Scholars Program, 2) University of Washington Royalty Research Fund, 3) University of Washington Center for AIDS Research 

Sample size: 57 Disease: Single disease: AIDS Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Initial interview. Outcomes: Quality of patientclinician communication about EOL care. Duration: 6 months Withdrawals: 4 pts. 

Results: Occurrence the presence of a LEOL communicationcommunication with and non-Hispanic w

Curtis, 20002

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: Fair Setting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: 1) Project on Death in America, 2) Parker B. Francis Fellowship Program, 3) University of WashingtonRoyalty Research Fund 

Sample size: 57 Disease: Single disease: AIDS Severity: Moderate Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: One-time. Outcomes: Barriers and facilitators of patient-clinician communication about EOL. Duration: Unclear Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Patients idassociated with EOcounseling, health cClinicians identified patients. Nonwhite barriers: fear of talkimpact on available unwillingness to talk status. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Golin, 20003 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU & non ICU) Funding: RWJ (SUPPORT) 

Sample size: 1288 Disease: Mixed disease: Cancer, Chronic diseaseSeverity: Advanced Race: Black, Other Gender: Males 

Exposure: Pts enrolled in SUPPORT. Outcomes: Communication of pts resuscitation preferences with their physicians. Duration: 2 month follow upWithdrawals: Not reported

Results: 30% of pts resuscitation preferPts wanting to forgo preferences changeforge CPR were mocommunicate their pwho continued to pr50% of pts maintain CPR communicated over the study perioremaining in hospitacommunication. 

Higginson, 20024

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospice and HomeFunding: 1) European Commission & 2) International Union Against Cancer for the International Cancer Fellowship

Sample size: 1326 Disease: Single disease: Cancer (Digestive, Respiratory, Breast, Genitourinary, Other) Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Time between first visit and death. Outcomes: Responsiveness to clinically important changes, correlation with other measures, correlation between patient self-assessment, family assessment, and team assessment.Duration: Data collected over a 6-month period Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: 40% of EOcommunication. Coassociated with rescancers, shorter timdeath. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Lockhart, 20015

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: Fair Setting: Community Funding: AHRQ-HS08180

Sample size: 50 Disease: 8: Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Initial interview - pts asked to imagine 7 different states. Outcomes: Participant rating of 7 states better/worse than death. Duration: Sub sample of 50participants re-contacted, 5-16 months, asked same questions Withdrawals: 0 

Results: Moderate sstate that were bettdeath. 

Rose, 20006 Design: Prospective Cohort 

Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU & non ICU) Funding: RWJF (SUPPORT) 

Sample size: 642 Disease: Single disease: CancerSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Beginning of SUPPORT. Outcomes: Compare 844oncologist pts. to 449 generalist pts. Duration: 6 months or pt. death Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Generalists than specialists in pLOS, discharge with hosp. readmission. hospital deaths with 

Tierney, 20017

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: AHRQ Grant-Ro1-HS07632 

Sample size: 686 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Unclear Race: African AmericanGender: Males 

Exposure: Pt. visit when physician received computer reminder - part of the Dexter RCT. Outcomes: Level of patientsatisfaction. Duration: Interview in waiting room following visit Withdrawals: 74 

Results: Discussing associated with greprimary care physicchronically ill patienwhen they discuss Acare physician.
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Weeks, 19988

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: 1) RWJF (SUPPORT) & 2) American Society of Clinical Oncology 

Sample size: 917 Disease: Predominately one disease: Lung canceror colon cancer metastatic to liver Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Pts enrolled in SUPPORT. Outcomes: Relationship between pts prognostic estimates and their treatment preferences. Duration: After enrollment inSUPPORT Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Pts estimasurvival favored lifeover comfort care. Psurvival time. 

Wenger, 20009

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU & non ICU) Funding: RWJF (SUPPORT)+C191

Sample size: 5055 Disease: Not reported Severity: Advanced Race: White Gender: Males 

Exposure: Pts enrolled in SUPPORT. Outcomes: Physicianunderstanding of pts CPR preferences. Duration: Between second to sixth day after study enrollment Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Physicians CPR preferences. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

McCarthy, 199710

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Unclear Funding: 1) North East Thames, South East Thames, and East Anglia Regional Health Authorities, 2) SouthEast Thames Regional Health Authority, 3) Care Foundation Tunbridge Wells, 4) StanleyLuff Bequest Found, 5) Other participating districts 

Sample size: 600 Disease: Single disease: Heart disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Pt Death. Outcomes: Information about illness, knowledge of prognosis, learning about dying, support in dying, place of death, and timing of death. Duration: Follow-up with spouse, another relative, friend or neighbor, or formal carers. Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Despite recgoing to die, clinicathe pts. Likelihood odiscussion with pt odeath. 

Townsend, 199011

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non-ICU) and community Funding: 1) Harrow Health Authority & 2) Rehabilitation Research Fund 

Sample size: 100 Disease: Single disease: CancerSeverity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Cancer pts expected to live less than 1 year. Outcomes: Place of death, care before death. Duration: Pts interviewed at 2 week intervals if expected to live less than 2 months Withdrawals: 34 

Results: Pts knew dprognosis. Most pts investigation or treastayed for respite a63% of pts who died prefer to die at hom

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Danis, 199112

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: AHRQ - HS06655

Sample size: 244 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White, Black Gender: Males and females

Exposure: Pts. With short life expectancy due to end-stage heart, lung, or liver disease, metastic cancer, or lymphoma. Outcomes: Life-sustaining treatment utilization & cost of hospital care.Duration: Followed for 6 months Withdrawals: 258 

Results: Majority of life-sustaining treatmChemotherapy and most frequent treatmmechanical ventilatfrequently withheld. sustaining treatmenno more likely to recpts who desired lim

Hakim,199613

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU & non ICU) Funding: RWJF (SUPPORT)+C210

Sample size: 8836 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Pts enrolled in SUPPORT. Outcomes: Association between pts resuscitation preferences and frequency and timing of DNR orders. Duration: Third day after study enrollment Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: DNR orderolder than 75 years prognosis. Pt prefertiming of DNR orde

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Junod Perron, 200214

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 255 Disease: Predominately one disease: Cancer(Metastatic) Cardiacdisease, Other Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Pts who stayed more than 24 hours in hospital, and were provided with a DNR order. Outcomes: Agreementbetween physicians and DNR pts. Perception of quality of life. Duration: 5 days following DNR order implementation Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Quality of lmore than 70% of DPhysicians underratquality of life. Severisolation and physicnegatively influenceof their quality of life

McParland, 200315

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Nursing home Funding: American Federation for Aging Research/John A. Harford Foundation Fellowship 

Sample size: 65 Disease: Unclear Severity: Unclear Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Nursing home residents. Outcomes: CPR and hydration and nutrition preferences. Duration: 12 and 24 monthsWithdrawals: 21 

Results: Change in related to changes Preferences changemonths. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Azoulay, 200016

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU) Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 102 Disease: Unclear Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Representatives of pts visited by at least one person during their ICU stay. Outcomes: Representatives'comprehension of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the pt. Duration: 2 days after ICU admission. Withdrawals: 124 

Results: Families porelated to the age, ureferral from hematoward, admission for failure or coma, and Family-related factodescent, not French spouse, and no heafamily. 

Butow, 199717

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Ambulatory/outpt medical care Funding: Not reported 

Sample size: 80 Disease: Predominately one disease: Cancer(Breast, Genitourinary, Colon, Lung, Other) Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Pts seeing oncologists in outpatient clinic, completed a questionnairebefore a directly after one consultation. Outcomes: Differences in general information and involvement preferences before and after consultation. Duration: Pts complete questionnaire before their next consultation. Withdrawals: 38 

Results: Females winformation than mafollow-up visit encomchange in their condto prefer having the decisions. General involvement preferestable in the short teintervention. By the consultation, pts preconsiderably. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Phillips, 200018

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU & non ICU) Funding: RWJF (SUPPORT) 

Sample size: 9105 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Females 

Exposure: Pts enrolled in SUPPORT. Outcomes: Timing of decisions to withold or withdraw ventilator support and dialysis, and decisions to withhold surgery.Duration: Between hospitaldays 3 and 6 after enrollment Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Decisions tventilatory support osurgery, varied by rpts more likely to prtreatments. 

Teno, 199719

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU & non ICU) Funding: RWJF (SUPPORT) 

Sample size: 4804 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Time of study enrollment in SUPPORT. Outcomes: Relationship between AD in record and hospital utilization. Duration: 6 months follow upor death. Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: ADs in medguide medical decisspecific instructionsinconsistent in half o

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

First Author Year ID 

Study Characteristics Population Exposure, Outcomes 

Duration, Dropouts 

Results 

Teno, 199820

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (ICU & non ICU) Funding: RWJF (SUPPORT) 

Sample size: 14 Disease: Mixed Disease Severity: Advanced Race: Not reported Gender: Not reported 

Exposure: Patient receivespatient-specific information on prognosis and specially trained nurse to facilitate decisionmaking. Pt has AD. Outcomes: Role of AD in decision-making. Duration: Timeline of communication and decisionmaking. Withdrawals: Not reported

Results: Pt had a pecapacity when AD sinvoked. AD used in Complex interaction associated with AD 

Wenger, 200021

Design: Prospective Cohort Quality: GoodSetting: Hospital (non ICU) Funding: Not reported (SUPPORT) 

Sample size: 565 Disease: Single disease: Kidney Disease Severity: Advanced Race: White Gender: Males 

Exposure: Pts enrolled in SUPPORT. Outcomes: Predictors ofdecisions to withhold or withdraw dialysis. Duration: Between 2 and 7days after study enrollmentWithdrawals: Not reported

Results: Dialysis wiolder men with a ca

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive Care Unit, CPR = Ca

RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, ADirective/Durable Power of Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

Reference List 

1. Curtisa JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell E, et al. The quality of patient-doctor communication 

about end-of-life care: a study of patients with advanced AIDS and their primary 

care clinicians. AIDS 1999;13(9):1123-31. 

2. Curtis JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell ES, et al. Why don't patients and physicians talk about 

end-of-life care? Barriers to communication for patients with acquired 

immunodeficiency syndrome and their primary care clinicians. Arch Intern Med 

2000;160(11):1690-6. Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jun 12;160(11):1565-6. 

PMID: 10847247. 

3. Golin CE, Wenger NS, Liu H, et al. A prospective study of patient-physician 

communication about resuscitation. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S52-60. 

4. Higginson IJ, Costantini M. Communication in end-of-life cancer care: a comparison of 

team assessments in three European countries. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(17):3674-82. 

5. Lockhart LK, Ditto PH, Danks JH, et al. The stability of older adults' judgments of fates 

better and worse than death. Death Stud 2001;25(4):299-317. 

6. Rose JH, O'Toole EE, Dawson NV, et al. Generalists and oncologists show similar care 

practices and outcomes for hospitalized late-stage cancer patients. SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks for Treatment. Med Care 2000;38(11):1103-18. 

7. Tierney WM, Dexter PR, Gramelspacher GP, et al. The effect of discussions about advance 

directives on patients' satisfaction with primary care. J Gen Intern Med 

2001;16(1):32-40. Comment in: J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Jan;16(1):68-9. PMID: 

11251753. 

8. Weeks JC, Cook EF, O'Day SJ, et al. Relationship between cancer patients' predictions of 

prognosis and their treatment preferences. JAMA 1998;279(21):1709-14. Comment 

in: JAMA. 1998 Jun 3;279(21):1746-8. PMID: 9624031. Comment in: JAMA. 1998 

Oct 28;280(16):1403-4. PMID: 9800998. Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Oct 

28;280(16):1403; author reply 1404. PMID: 9800997. Erratum in: JAMA 2000 Jan 

12;283(2):203. 

9. Wenger NS, Phillips RS, Teno JM, et al. Physician understanding of patient resuscitation 

preferences: insights and clinical implications. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S44-51. 

 10. McCarthy M, Hall JA, Ley M. Communication and choice in dying from heart disease. J R 

Soc Med 1997;90(3):128-31. 

 11. Townsend J, Frank AO, Fermont D, et al. Terminal cancer care and patients' preference for 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive 

Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = 

Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of

Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney

L5-11 
Evtab5. OS Advance Care Planning

place of death: a prospective study. BMJ 1990;301(6749):415-7. Comment in: 

BMJ. 1993 Jun 26;306(6894):1754. PMID: 8343651. 

 12. Danis M, Southerland LI, Garrett JM, et al. A prospective study of advance directives for 

life-sustaining care. N Engl J Med 1991;324(13):882-8. Comment in: N Engl J 

Med. 1991 Oct 24;325(17):1254-6. PMID: 1922218. 

 13. Hakim RB, Teno JM, Harrell FE Jr, et al. Factors associated with do-not-resuscitate orders: 

patients' preferences, prognoses, and physicians' judgments. SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatment. Ann Intern Med 1996;125(4):284-93. 

 14. Junod Perron N, Morabia A, de Torrente A. Quality of life of Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) 

patients: how good are physicians in assessing DNR patients' quality of life? Swiss 

Med Wkly 2002;132(39-40):562-5. 

 15. McParland E, Likourezos A, Chichin E, et al. Stability of preferences regarding lifesustaining treatment: a two-year prospective study of nursing home residents. Mt 

Sinai J Med 2003;70(2):85-92. 

 16. Azoulay E, Chevret S, Leleu G, et al. Half the families of intensive care unit patients

experience inadequate communication with physicians. Critical Care Medicine 

2000;28( 8):3044-9. 

 17. Butow PN, Maclean M, Dunn SM, et al. The dynamics of change: cancer patients'

preferences for information, involvement and support. Annals of Oncology 

1997;8(9):857-63. 

 18. Phillips RS, Hamel MB, Teno JM, et al. Patient race and decisions to withhold or withdraw 

life-sustaining treatments for seriously ill hospitalized adults. SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatments. American Journal of Medicine 2000;108(1):14-9. 

 19. Teno JM, Licks S, Lynn J, et al. Do advance directives provide instructions that direct 

care? SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for 

Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 

1997;45(4):508-12. 

 20. Teno JM, Stevens M, Spernak S, et al. Role of written advance directives in decision 

making: insights from qualitative and quantitative data. Journal of General Internal 

Medicine 1998;13(7):439-46. 

 21. Wenger NS, Lynn J, Oye RK, et al. Withholding versus withdrawing life-sustaining 

treatment: patient factors and documentation associated with dialysis decisions. 

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2000;48(5 Suppl):S75-83. 

I = Intervention group, C = Control group, RCT/CCT = Randomized Controlled Trial/Clinical Controlled Trial, ICU = Intensive 

Care Unit, CPR = Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, RN = Registered Nurse, DNR = Do Not Resuscitate, outpt = Outpatient, AD = 

Advance Directive, MD = Physician, ACP = Advance Care Planning, AD/DPA = Advance Directive/Durable Power of

Attorney,HRQoL = Health Related Quality of Life, T = Treatment group, DPA = Durable Power of Attorney

L5-12 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Abernethy AP, Currow DC, Frith P, Fazekas BS, 

McHugh A, and Bui C. Randomised, double

blind, placebo controlled crossover trial of 

sustained release morphine for the

management of refractory dyspnoea. BMJ 

2003;327(7414):523-8. [Rec#: 50928] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Abratt R and Viljoen G. Assessment of quality of life 

by clinicians—experience of a practical 

method in lung cancer patients. S Afr Med J

95;85(9):896-8. [Rec#: 30022] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Addington-Hall J, Fakhoury W, and McCarthy M. 

Specialist palliative care in nonmalignant

disease. Palliat Med 98;12(6):417-27. [Rec#:

9055] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Addington-Hall JM, MacDonald LD, Anderson HR, 

Chamberlain J, Freeling P, Bland JM, and 

Raftery J. Randomised controlled trial of

effects of coordinating care for terminally ill

cancer patients. BMJ 92;305(6865):1317-22. 

[Rec#: 9059] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Addington-Hall, J, Altmann, D, and McCarthy, M.

Which terminally ill cancer patients receive

hospice in-patient care? Social Science & 

Medicine 98;46(8):1011-6. [Rec#: 50168] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Addington-Hall, J, Lay, M, Altmann, D, and 

McCarthy, M. Symptom control,

communication with health professionals, and 

hospital care of stroke patients in the last year 

of life as reported by surviving family, 

friends, and officials. Stroke 95;26(12):2242-

8. [Rec#: 50169] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ahrens T, Yancey V, and Kollef M. Improving family

communications at the end of life: 

implications for length of stay in the intensive 

care unit and resource use. Am J Crit Care 

2003;12(4):317-23; discussion 324. [Rec#:

77]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ahronheim JC, Morrison RS, Baskin SA, Morris J, and 

Meier DE. Treatment of the dying in the acute 

care hospital. Advanced dementia and 

metastatic cancer. Arch Intern Med 

96;156(18):2094-100. [Rec#: 79]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Albanese MC, Plewka M, Gregori D, Fresco C, Avon

G, Caliandro D, Grassi L, Rossi P, Udina P, 

Bulfoni A, Colle R, Cuzzato AL, and Fioretti 

PM. Use of medical resources and quality of 

life of patients with chronic heart failure: a 

prospective survey in a large Italian

community hospital. Eur J Heart Fail 

99;1(4):411-7. [Rec#: 30090]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Albert SM, Murphy PL, Del Bene ML, and Rowland

LP. Prospective study of palliative care in

ALS: choice, timing, outcomes. J Neurol Sci

99;169(1-2):108-13. [Rec#: 103]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Allen, RS, DeLaine, SR, Chaplin, WF, Marson, DC, 

Bourgeois, MS, Dijkstra, K, and Burgio, LD.

Advance care planning in nursing homes:

correlates of capacity and possession of

advance directives. Gerontologist

2003;43(3):309-17. [Rec#: 50173] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Allen, RS, Haley, WE, Small, BJ, and McMillan, SC. 

Pain reports by older hospice cancer patients

and family caregivers: the role of cognitive 

functioning. Gerontologist 2002;42(4):507-

14. [Rec#: 50174]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Anderson H, Ward C, Eardley A, Gomm SA, Connolly 

M, Coppinger T, Corgie D, Williams JL, and 

Makin WP. The concerns of patients under 

palliative care and a heart failure clinic are not 

being met. Palliat Med 2001;15(4):279-86. 

[Rec#: 183]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Anderson JP, Kaplan RM, and Schneiderman LJ. 

Effects of offering advance directives on

quality adjusted life expectancy and 

psychological well-being among ill adults. J 

Clin Epidemiol 94;47(7):761-72. [Rec#: 186] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-1 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Andrews SC. Caregiver burden and symptom distress 

in people with cancer receiving hospice care. 

Oncol Nurs Forum 2001;28(9):1469-74. 

[Rec#: 196]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ankrom M, Zelesnick L, Barofsky I, Georas S, 

Finucane TE, and Greenough WB 3rd. 

Elective discontinuation of life-sustaining

mechanical ventilation on a chronic ventilator 

unit. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(11):1549-54. 

[Rec#: 202]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Aranda SK and Hayman-White K. Home caregivers of 

the person with advanced cancer: an

Australian perspective. Cancer Nurs 

2001;24(4):300-7. [Rec#: 221] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Arblaster G, Brooks D, Hudson R, and Petty M.

Terminally ill patients’ expectations of

nurses. Aust J Adv Nurs 90;7(3):34-43. 

[Rec#: 9201] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Armes PJ and Higginson IJ. What constitutes highquality HIV/AIDS palliative care? J Palliat 

Care 99;15(4):5-12. [Rec#: 9215] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Asch DA, Faber-Langendoen K, Shea JA, and 

Christakis NA. The sequence of withdrawing 

life-sustaining treatment from patients. Am J 

Med 99;107(2):153-6. [Rec#: 242]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ashbury FD, Findlay H, Reynolds B, and 

McKerracher K. A Canadian survey of cancer 

patients’ experiences: are their needs being 

met? J Pain Symptom Manage 98;16(5):298-

306. [Rec#: 245]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Astradsson E, Granath L, Heedman PA, and

Starkhammar H. Cancer patients hospitalised 

for palliative reasons. Symptoms and needs 

presented at a university hospital. Support 

Care Cancer 2001;9(2):97-102. [Rec#: 254]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Azoulay, E, Chevret, S, Leleu, G, Pochard, F, 

Barboteu, M, Adrie, C, Canoui, P, Le Gall, J. 

R, and Schlemmer, B. Half the families of 

intensive care unit patients experience 

inadequate communication with physicians. 

Critical Care Medicine 2000;28(8):3044-9. 

[Rec#: 50193]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Baer WM and Hanson LC. Families’ perception of the

added value of hospice in the nursing home. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(8):879-82. Comment 

in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000 Aug;48(8):1017-8.

PMID: 10968312. Comment in: J Am Geriatr

Soc. 2001 Apr;49(4):492. PMID: 11347800. 

[Rec#: 296]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Baines BK and Norlander L. The relationship of pain

and suffering in a hospice population. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2000;17(5):319-26. [Rec#: 

309]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bakas T, Lewis RR, and Parsons JE. Caregiving tasks 

among family caregivers of patients with lung

cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2001;28(5):847-

54. [Rec#: 30289]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Baker NT and Seager RD. A comparison of the 

psychosocial needs of hospice patients with 

AIDS and those with other diagnoses. Hosp J 

91;7(1-2):61-9. [Rec#: 323]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Baker R, Wu AW, Teno JM, Kreling B, Damiano AM, 

Rubin HR, Roach MJ, Wenger NS, Phillips 

RS, Desbiens NA, Connors AF Jr, Knaus W, 

and Lynn J. Family satisfaction with end-oflife care in seriously ill hospitalized adults. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S61-9.

[Rec#: 324]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Balmer CE, Thomas P, and Osborne RJ. Who wants

second-line, palliative chemotherapy?

Psychooncology 2001;10(5):410-8. [Rec#: 

351]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-2 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Barry LC, Kasl SV, and Prigerson HG. Psychiatric 

disorders among bereaved persons: the role of

perceived circumstances of death and 

preparedness for death. Am J Geriatr 

Psychiatry 2002;10(4):447-57. [Rec#: 394] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bass DM and Bowman K. The transition from

caregiving to bereavement: the relationship of 

care-related strain and adjustment to death.

Gerontologist 90;30(1):35-42. [Rec#: 412]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bass DM, Bowman K, and Noelker LS. The influence

of caregiving and bereavement support on

adjusting to an older relative’s death. 

Gerontologist 91;31(1):32-42. [Rec#: 413]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bauduer F, Capdupuy C, and Renoux M.

Characteristics of deaths in a department of 

oncohaematology within a general hospital. A 

study of 81 cases. Support Care Cancer

2000;8(4):302-6. [Rec#: 433]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Beck-Friis B and Strang P. The family in hospitalbased home care with special reference to 

terminally ill cancer patients. J Palliat Care 

93;9(1):5-13. [Rec#: 447]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Beguin C, France FR, and Ninane J. Systematic

analysis of in-patients’ circumstances and 

causes of death: a tool to improve quality of

care. Int J Qual Health Care 97;9(6):427-33. 

[Rec#: 40235]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bennett SJ, Perkins SM, Lane KA, Deer M, Brater DC, 

and Murray MD. Social support and healthrelated quality of life in chronic heart failure 

patients. Qual Life Res 2001;10(8):671-82. 

[Rec#: 30411]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bercovitch M, Waller A, and Adunsky A. High dose 

morphine use in the hospice setting. A 

database survey of patient characteristics and 

effect on life expectancy. Cancer 

99;86(5):871-7. Comment in: Cancer. 2000 

Jul 1;89(1):220-1. PMID: 10897022. [Rec#: 

499]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bernabei, R, Gambassi, G, Lapane, K, Landi, F,

Gatsonis, C, Dunlop, R, Lipsitz, L, Steel, K,

and Mor, V. Management of pain in elderly

patients with cancer. SAGE Study Group.

Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use 

via Epidemiology. JAMA 98;279(23):1877-

82. [Rec#: 50214]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Blackhall LJ, Frank G, Murphy ST, Michel V, Palmer

JM, and Azen SP. Ethnicity and attitudes 

towards life sustaining technology. Soc Sci

Med 99;48(12):1779-89. [Rec#: 591]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Blackhall LJ, Murphy ST, Frank G, Michel V, and 

Azen S. Ethnicity and attitudes toward patient 

autonomy. JAMA 95;274(10):820-5. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1995 Sep

13;274(10):844-5. PMID: 7650810. Comment 

in: JAMA. 1996 Jan 10;275(2):107; author

reply 109-10. PMID: 8531296. Comment in: 

JAMA. 1996 Jan 10;275(2):107; author reply 

109-10. PMID: 8531297. [Rec#: 592] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bodnar JC and Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Caregiver 

depression after bereavement: chronic stress

isn’t over when it’s over. Psychol Aging 

94;9(3):372-80. [Rec#: 623]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bookbinder M, Coyle N, Kiss M, Goldstein ML, 

Holritz K, Thaler H, Gianella A, Derby S,

Brown M, Racolin A, Ho MN, and Portenoy

RK. Implementing national standards for 

cancer pain management: program model and 

evaluation. J Pain Symptom Manage

96;12(6):334-47; discussion 331-3. [Rec#:

659]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bookwala J, Coppola KM, Fagerlin A, Ditto PH, 

Danks JH, and Smucker WD. Gender

differences in older adults’ preferences for 

life-sustaining medical treatments and end-oflife values. Death Stud 2001;25(2):127-49.

[Rec#: 660]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Booth S, Kelly MJ, Cox NP, Adams L, and Guz A.

Does oxygen help dyspnea in patients with

cancer? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 

96;153(5):1515-8. [Rec#: 665]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-3 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Borum ML, Lynn J, and Zhong Z. The effects of

patient race on outcomes in seriously ill 

patients in SUPPORT: an overview of

economic impact, medical intervention, and 

end-of-life decisions. Study to Understand

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatments. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2000;48(5 Suppl):S194-8. [Rec#: 685]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bosek MS, Lowry E, Lindeman DA, Burck JR, and 

Gwyther LP. Promoting a good death for

persons with dementia in nursing facilities: 

family caregivers’ perspectives. JONAS 

Healthc Law Ethics Regul 2003;5(2):34-41. 

[Rec#: 690]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bostrom B, Sandh M, Lundberg D, and Fridlund B. A 

comparison of pain and health-related quality 

of life between two groups of cancer patients

with differing average levels of pain. J Clin

Nurs 2003;12(5):726-35. [Rec#: 697] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bostrom B, Sandh M, Lundberg D, and Fridlund B. 

Cancer-related pain in palliative care: 

patients’ perceptions of pain management. J 

Adv Nurs 2004;45(4):410-9. [Rec#: 696]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Boyd KJ and Kelly M. Oral morphine as symptomatic 

treatment of dyspnoea in patients with

advanced cancer. Palliat Med 97;11(4):277-

81. [Rec#: 731] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bradley EH, Hallemeier AG, Fried TR, JohnsonHurzeler R, Cherlin EJ, Kasl SV, and Horwitz 

SM. Documentation of discussions about

prognosis with terminally ill patients. Am J 

Med 2001;111(3):218-23. [Rec#: 743] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bradley EH, Peiris V, and Wetle T. Discussions about 

end-of-life care in nursing homes. J Am

Geriatr Soc 98;46(10):1235-41. [Rec#: 744]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Brazil K, Bedard M, Willison K, and Hode M. 

Caregiving and its impact on families of the 

terminally ill. Aging and Mental Health 

2003;7(5):376-82. [Rec#: 50230]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Breitbart W, Gibson C, and Tremblay A. The delirium

experience: delirium recall and deliriumrelated distress in hospitalized patients with

cancer, their spouses/caregivers, and their 

nurses. Psychosomatics 2002;43(3):183-94. 

[Rec#: 50234]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Breitbart W, McDonald MV, Rosenfeld B, Passik SD, 

Hewitt D, Thaler H, and Portenoy R. K. Pain 

in ambulatory AIDS patients. I: Pain

characteristics and medical correlates. Pain 

96;68(2-3):315-21. [Rec#: 50236] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Breitbart W, Tremblay A, and Gibson C. An open trial

of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in 

hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosomatics 

2002;43(3):175-82. [Rec#: 50237] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Brown D, Roberts JA, Elkins TE, Larson D, and 

Hopkins M. Hard choices: the gynecologic 

cancer patient’s end-of-life preferences. 

Gynecol Oncol 94;55(3 Pt 1):355-62. [Rec#:

835]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Brown JE, Brown RF, Miller RM, Dunn SM, King

MT, Coates AS, and Butow PN. Coping with

metastatic melanoma: the last year of life. 

Psychooncology 2000;9(4):283-92. [Rec#: 

844]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Brown R, Butow PN, Boyer M J, and Tattersall M. H.

Promoting patient participation in the cancer 

consultation: evaluation of a prompt sheet and

coaching in question-asking. British Journal

of Cancer 99;80(1-2):242-8. [Rec#: 50244] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, de Stoutz N, Velasco-Leiva A, Schoeller T,

and Hanson J. Effects of oxygen on dyspnea 

in hypoxaemic terminal-cancer patients. 

Lancet 93;342(8862):13-4. [Rec#: 866] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Kuehn N, Emery B, Macmillan K, and 

Hanson J. Social and demographic 

characteristics of patients admitted to a 

palliative care unit. J Palliat Care 90;6(4):16-

20. [Rec#: 867] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-4 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Bruera E, MacEachern T, Ripamonti C, and Hanson J.

Subcutaneous morphine for dyspnea in cancer 

patients. Ann Intern Med 93;119(9):906-7. 

Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1994 Apr 

15;120(8):692-3. PMID: 8192764. [Rec#:

9839] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Miller MJ, Kuehn N, MacEachern T, and 

Hanson J. Estimate of survival of patients

admitted to a palliative care unit: a 

prospective study. J Pain Symptom Manage 

92;7(2):82-6. [Rec#: 870]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Neumann CM, Gagnon B, Brenneis C, 

Kneisler P, Selmser P, and Hanson J. 

Edmonton Regional Palliative Care Program:

impact on patterns of terminal cancer care.

CMAJ 99;161(3):290-3. [Rec#: 9842]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Sloan P, Mount B, Scott J, and SuarezAlmazor M. A randomized, double-blind,

double-dummy, crossover trial comparing the 

safety and efficacy of oral sustained-release

hydromorphone with immediate-release 

hydromorphone in patients with cancer pain. 

Canadian Palliative Care Clinical Trials 

Group. J Clin Oncol 96;14(5):1713-7. [Rec#:

877]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Sweeney C, Calder K, Palmer L, and 

Benisch-Tolley S. Patient preferences versus

physician perceptions of treatment decisions

in cancer care. J Clin Oncol 

2001;19(11):2883-5. [Rec#: 879]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Sweeney C, Willey J, Palmer JL, Strasser F, 

and Strauch E. Perception of discomfort by

relatives and nurses in unresponsive 

terminally ill patients with cancer: a 

prospective study. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;26(3):818-26. [Rec#: 881]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Belzile M, Neumann, CM, Ford I, Harsanyi

Z, and Darke A. Twice-daily versus oncedaily morphine sulphate controlled-release 

suppositories for the treatment of cancer pain. 

A randomized controlled trial. Supportive 

Care in Cancer 99;7(4):280-3. [Rec#: 50246] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Brenneis C, Michaud M, Bacovsky R,

Chadwick S, Emeno A, and MacDonald N. 

Use of the subcutaneous route for the 

administration of narcotics in patients with

cancer pain. Cancer 88;62(2):407-11. [Rec#:

50249]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Brenneis C, Michaud M, Chadwick S, and 

MacDonald RN. Continuous sc infusion of

narcotics using a portable disposable device 

in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer

Treatment Reports 87;71(6):635-7. [Rec#:

50250]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Carraro S, Roca E, Cedaro L, and Chacon R. 

Association between malnutrition and caloric

intake, emesis, psychological depression, 

glucose taste, and tumor mass. Cancer

Treatment Reports 84;68(6):873-6. [Rec#:

50259]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Macmillan K, Hanson J, and MacDonald

RN. The cognitive effects of the 

administration of narcotic analgesics in

patients with cancer pain. Pain 89;39(1):13-6. 

[Rec#: 50277]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, MacMillan K, Hanson J, and MacDonald 

RN. The Edmonton staging system for cancer 

pain: preliminary report. Pain 89;37(2):203-9. 

[Rec#: 50279]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Macmillan K, Kuehn N, and Miller MJ. 

Circadian distribution of extra doses of

narcotic analgesics in patients with cancer 

pain: a preliminary report. Pain 92;49(3):311-

4. [Rec#: 50281] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Michaud M, Vigano A, Neumann CM, 

Watanabe S, and Hanson J. Multidisciplinary 

symptom control clinic in a cancer center: a 

retrospective study. Supportive Care in 

Cancer 2001;9(3):162-8. [Rec#: 50286] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-5 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Bruera E, Miller MJ, Macmillan K, and Kuehn N. 

Neuropsychological effects of 

methylphenidate in patients receiving a 

continuous infusion of narcotics for cancer

pain. Pain 92;48(2):163-6. [Rec#: 50288] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Pituskin E, Calder K, Neumann CM, and 

Hanson J. The addition of an audiocassette 

recording of a consultation to written 

recommendations for patients with advanced

cancer: A randomized, controlled trial. Cancer 

99;86(11):2420-5. [Rec#: 50294]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Watanabe S, Fainsinger RL, Spachynski K,

Suarez-Almazor M, and Inturrisi C. Custommade capsules and suppositories of 

methadone for patients on high-dose opioids

for cancer pain. Pain 95;62(2):141-6. [Rec#:

50305]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bruera E, Willey JS, Palmer JL, and Rosales M. 

Treatment decisions for breast carcinoma: 

patient preferences and physician perceptions. 

Cancer 2002;94(7):2076-80. [Rec#: 50306] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Brumley RD, Enguidanos S, and Cherin DA.

Effectiveness of a home-based palliative care 

program for end-of-life. J Palliat Med

2003;6(5):715-24. [Rec#: 885] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Buchanan RJ, Choi M, Wang S, and Huang C.

Analyses of nursing home residents in

hospice care using the minimum data set.

Palliat Med 2002;16(6):465-80. [Rec#: 897]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Bucher JA, Loscalzo M, Zabora, J, Houts PS, Hooker 

C, and BrintzenhofeSzoc K. Problem-solving 

cancer care education for patients and 

caregivers. Cancer Practice 2001;9(2):66-70. 

[Rec#: 50309]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Burge F, Lawson B, and Johnston G. Family physician

continuity of care and emergency department

use in end-of-life cancer care. Med Care

2003;41(8):992-1001. [Rec#: 917]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Burge F, Lawson B, Johnston G, and Cummings I.

Primary care continuity and location of death 

for those with cancer. J Palliat Med

2003;6(6):911-8. [Rec#: 919]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Burgio L, Stevens A, Guy D, Roth DL, and Haley WE.

Impact of two psychosocial interventions on

white and African American family 

caregivers of individuals with dementia. 

Gerontologist 2003;43(4):568-79. [Rec#:

50915]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Burns CM, Dixon T, Broom D, Smith WT, and Craft

PS. Family caregiver knowledge of treatment

intent in a longitudinal study of patients with

advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer

2003;11(10):629-37. [Rec#: 40484]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Burns R, Nichols LO, Martindale-Adams J, Graney

MJ, and Lummus A. Primary care 

interventions for dementia caregivers: 2-year 

outcomes from the REACH study.

Gerontologist 2003;43(4):547-55. [Rec#:

50916]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Busse R, Wagner HP, Krauth C, Klein-Lange M, and 

Schwartz FW. Sentinel practices in evaluating 

longer periods of care: quality of life and drug

therapy of terminally ill persons in Lower 

Saxony (Germany). J Epidemiol Community

Health 98;52 Suppl 1:56S-60S. [Rec#: 945]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Butler JV, Pooviah PK, Cunningham D, and Hasan M. 

Improving decision-making and

documentation relating to do not attempt 

resuscitation orders. Resuscitation

2003;57(2):139-44. [Rec#: 40494] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Butow PN, Maclean M, Dunn SM, Tattersall, M. H, 

and Boyer, M. J. The dynamics of change: 

cancer patients’ preferences for information,

involvement and support. Annals of Oncology

97;8(9):857-63. [Rec#: 50312] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-6 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Cameron JI, Franche RL, Cheung AM, and Stewart 

DE. Lifestyle interference and emotional 

distress in family caregivers of advanced

cancer patients. Cancer 2002;94(2):521-7.

[Rec#: 985]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Campbell ML and Guzman JA. Impact of a proactive 

approach to improve end-of-life care in a 

medical ICU. Chest 2003;123(1):266-71.

Comment in: Chest. 2003 Jan;123(1):16-8. 

PMID: 12527596. [Rec#: 999] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Campbell ML, Bizek KS, and Thill M. Patient 

responses during rapid terminal weaning from

mechanical ventilation: a prospective study. 

Crit Care Med 99;27(1):73-7. Comment in: 

Crit Care Med. 1999 Jan;27(1):9-10. PMID: 

9934874. [Rec#: 997] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Carlson RW, Devich L, and Frank RR. Development

of a comprehensive supportive care team for 

the hopelessly ill on a university hospital 

medical service. JAMA 88;259(3):378-83. 

[Rec#: 50321]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Carson MG, Fitch MI, and Vachon ML. Measuring 

patient outcomes in palliative care: a 

reliability and validity study of the Support 

Team Assessment Schedule. Palliat Med

2000;14(1):25-36. [Rec#: 10067]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Casarett DJ, Crowley R, and Hirschman KB. Surveys 

to assess satisfaction with end-of-life care: 

does timing matter? J Pain Symptom Manage

2003;25(2):128-32. [Rec#: 10091] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Catalan-Fernandez JG, Pons-Sureda O, RecoberMartinez A, Avella-Mestre A, CarboneroMalberti JM, Benito-Oliver E, and GarauLlinas I. Dying of cancer. The place of death 

and family circumstances. Med Care

91;29(9):841-52. [Rec#: 10122] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Centeno-Cortes C and Nunez-Olarte JM. Questioning

diagnosis disclosure in terminal cancer 

patients: a prospective study evaluating 

patients’ responses. Palliat Med 94;8(1):39-

44. [Rec#: 10138]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chambers CV, Diamond JJ, Perkel RL, and Lasch LA. 

Relationship of advance directives to hospital

charges in a Medicare population. Arch Intern

Med 94;154(5):541-7. Comment in: Arch

Intern Med. 1995 Jan 23;155(2):217-8.

PMID: 7811135. Comment in: Arch Intern 

Med. 1995 Jan 9;155(1):116-7. PMID: 

7802514. [Rec#: 1144]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chang VT, Thaler HT, Polyak TA, Kornblith AB, 

Lepore JM, and Portenoy RK. Quality of life 

and survival: the role of multidimensional 

symptom assessment. Cancer 98;83(1):173-9. 

[Rec#: 50333]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chelluri L, Im KA, Belle SH, Schulz R, Rotondi AJ, 

Donahoe MP, Sirio CA, Mendelsohn AB, and

Pinsky MR. Long-term mortality and quality 

of life after prolonged mechanical ventilation. 

Crit Care Med 2004;32(1):61-9. Comment in: 

Crit Care Med. 2004 Jan;32(1):291-3. PMID: 

14707597. [Rec#: 40593] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chen H, Haley WE, Robinson BE, and Schonwetter 

RS. Decisions for hospice care in patients 

with advanced cancer. J Am Geriatr Soc

2003;51(6):789-97. [Rec#: 1199] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chen JH, Bierhals AJ, Prigerson HG, Kasl SV, Mazure 

CM, and Jacobs S. Gender differences in the

effects of bereavement-related psychological 

distress in health outcomes. Psychol Med 

99;29(2):367-80. [Rec#: 1201] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chentsova-Dutton Y, Shuchter S, Hutchin S, Strause 

L, Burns K, and Zisook S. The psychological

and physical health of hospice caregivers. 

Ann Clin Psychiatry 2000;12(1):19-27. 

[Rec#: 1211] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chin MH and Goldman L. Correlates of early hospital 

readmission or death in patients with

congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 

97;79(12):1640-4. [Rec#: 40615]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-7 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Chochinov HM, Hack T, Hassard T, Kristjanson LJ, 

McClement S, and Harlos M. Dignity in the 

terminally ill: a cross-sectional, cohort study. 

Lancet 2002;360(9350):2026-30. Comment 

in: Lancet. 2002 Dec 21-28;360(9350):1997-

8. PMID: 12504390. Comment in: Lancet. 

2003 Mar 1;361(9359):783. PMID:

12620760. [Rec#: 1252]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chochinov HM, Tataryn DJ, Wilson KG, Ennis M, and 

Lander S. Prognostic awareness and the 

terminally ill. Psychosomatics 

2000;41(6):500-4. [Rec#: 1253]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, and Lander S. 

“Are you depressed?” Screening for 

depression in the terminally ill. Am J 

Psychiatry 97;154(5):674-6. Comment in: Am

J Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;155(7):994-5. PMID: 

9659876. [Rec#: 1254]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chochinov HM, Wilson KG, Enns M, and Lander S. 

Prevalence of depression in the terminally ill: 

effects of diagnostic criteria and symptom

threshold judgments. Am J Psychiatry

94;151(4):537-40. [Rec#: 1256] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chow E, Andersson L, Wong R, Vachon M, Hruby G, 

Franssen E, Fung KW, Harth T, Pach B, Pope 

J, Connolly R, Schueller T, Stefaniuk K, 

Szumacher E, Hayter C, Finkelstein J, and 

Danjoux C. Patients with advanced cancer: a 

survey of the understanding of their illness 

and expectations from palliative radiotherapy 

for symptomatic metastases. Clin Oncol (R 

Coll Radiol) 2001;13(3):204-8. [Rec#: 1265] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Chow E, Wong R, Connolly R, Hruby G, Franzcr, 

Franssen E, Fung KW, Vachon M, Andersson 

L, Pope J, Holden L, Szumacher E, Schueller 

T, Stefaniuk K, Finkelstein J, Hayter C, and 

Danjoux C. Prospective assessment of 

symptom palliation for patients attending a 

rapid response radiotherapy program.

Feasibility of telephone follow-up. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 2001;22(2):649-56. [Rec#:

1268] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Christakis NA and Iwashyna TJ. The health impact of 

health care on families: a matched cohort 

study of hospice use by decedents and

mortality outcomes in surviving, widowed

spouses. Soc Sci Med 2003;57(3):465-75. 

[Rec#: 1279] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Christakis NA. Timing of referral of terminally ill 

patients to an outpatient hospice. J Gen Intern

Med 94;9(6):314-20. [Rec#: 1276]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Clark C and Heidenreich T. Spiritual care for the 

critically ill. Am J Crit Care 95;4(1):77-81.

[Rec#: 40640]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Clifford CA, Jolley DJ, and Giles GG. Where people 

die in Victoria. Med J Aust 91;155(7):446-51, 

456. [Rec#: 1342]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Clipp EC and George LK. Patients with cancer and

their spouse caregivers. Perceptions of the 

illness experience. Cancer 92;69(4):1074-9. 

[Rec#: 50862]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Cohen LM, Germain MJ, Poppel DM, Woods AL, 

Pekow PS, and Kjellstrand CM. Dying well 

after discontinuing the life-support treatment

of dialysis. Arch Intern Med 

2000;160(16):2513-8. [Rec#: 1372] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Cohen LM, McCue JD, Germain M, and Woods A. 

Denying the dying. Advance directives and 

dialysis discontinuation. Psychosomatics 

97;38(1):27-34. [Rec#: 1373]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Cohen LM, McCue JD, Germain M, and Kjellstrand 

CM. Dialysis discontinuation. A ‘good’

death? Archives of Internal Medicine 

95;155(1):42-7. [Rec#: 50344] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Cohen SR, Mount BM, Tomas JJ, and Mount LF. 

Existential well-being is an important

determinant of quality of life. Evidence from

the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire. 

Cancer 96;77(3):576-86. [Rec#: 50346]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-8 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Cohen-Mansfield J, Libin A, and Lipson S.

Differences in presenting advance directives

in the chart, in the minimum data set, and

through the staff’s perceptions. Gerontologist 

2003;43(3):302-8. [Rec#: 1376]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Colantonio A, Kositsky AJ, Cohen C, and Vernich L.

What support do caregivers of elderly want?

Results from the Canadian Study of Health

and Aging. Can J Public Health

2001;92(5):376-9. [Rec#: 31020] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Coll PP, Duffy JD, Micholovich E, and Cohen S. Best

practices in hospital end-of-life care. Conn 

Med 2002;66(11):671-5. [Rec#: 10330] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Collins C, Stommel M, Wang S, and Given CW. 

Caregiving transitions: changes in depression

among family caregivers of relatives with

dementia. Nurs Res 94;43(4):220-5. [Rec#:

1405] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Colon M and Lyke J. Comparison of hospice use and 

demographics among European Americans, 

African Americans, and Latinos. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2003;20(3):182-90. [Rec#: 1410] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Conill C, Verger E, Henriquez I, Saiz N, Espier M, 

Lugo F, and Garrigos A. Symptom prevalence 

in the last week of life. J Pain Symptom

Manage 97;14(6):328-31. [Rec#: 1422]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Connolly M and O’Neill J. Teaching a research-based

approach to the management of breathlessness 

in patients with lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 

Care (Engl) 99;8(1):30-6. [Rec#: 31056] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Cools HJ, Berkhout AM, and De Bock GH.

Subcutaneous morphine infusion by syringe

driver for terminally ill patients. Age Ageing 

96;25(3):206-8. [Rec#: 10391] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Corner J, Halliday D, Haviland J, Douglas HR, Bath P, 

Clark D, Normand C, Beech N, Hughes P, 

Marples R, Seymour J, Skilbeck J, and Webb

T. Exploring nursing outcomes for patients 

with advanced cancer following intervention 

by Macmillan specialist palliative care nurses. 

J Adv Nurs 2003;41(6):561-74. [Rec#: 1463] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Correa-Velez I, Clavarino A, Barnett AG, and

Eastwood H. Use of complementary and 

alternative medicine and quality of life: 

changes at the end of life. Palliat Med 

2003;17(8):695-703. [Rec#: 1467]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Costantini M, Balzi D, Garronec E, Orlandini C, 

Parodi S, Vercelli M, and Bruzzi P. 

Geographical variations of place of death 

among Italian communities suggest an

inappropriate hospital use in the terminal 

phase of cancer disease. Public Health

2000;114(1):15-20. [Rec#: 1476] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Costantini M, Higginson IJ, Boni L, Orengo MA, 

Garrone E, Henriquet F, and Bruzzi P. Effect

of a palliative home care team on hospital 

admissions among patients with advanced

cancer. Palliat Med 2003;17(4):315-21.

[Rec#: 1478] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Costantini M, Toscani F, Gallucci M, Brunelli C, 

Miccinesi G, Tamburini M, Paci E, Di Giulio 

P, Peruselli C, Higginson I, and AddingtonHall J. Terminal cancer patients and timing of

referral to palliative care: a multicenter 

prospective cohort study. Italian Cooperative

Research Group on Palliative Medicine. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 99;18(4):243-52. 

[Rec#: 1479] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Covinsky KE, Fuller JD, Yaffe K, Johnston CB,

Hamel MB, Lynn J, Teno JM, and Phillips 

RS. Communication and decision-making in

seriously ill patients: findings of the 

SUPPORT project. The Study to Understand

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatments. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2000;48(5 Suppl):S187-93. [Rec#: 1501]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-9 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Covinsky KE, Goldman L, Cook EF, Oye R, Desbiens 

N, Reding D, Fulkerson W, Connors AF Jr, 

Lynn J, and Phillips RS. The impact of

serious illness on patients’ families. 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatment. JAMA 94;272(23):1839-

44. [Rec#: 40727]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Covinsky KE, Kahana E, Chin MH, Palmer RM, 

Fortinsky RH, and Landefeld CS. Depressive 

symptoms and 3-year mortality in older

hospitalized medical patients. Annals of

Internal Medicine 99;130(7):563-9. [Rec#:

50359]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Cowley AJ and Skene AM. Treatment of severe heart

failure: quantity or quality of life? A trial of

enoximone. Enoximone Investigators. Br

Heart J 94;72(3):226-30. Comment in: Br

Heart J. 1995 Jun;73(6):584. PMID: 7626364. 

[Rec#: 31102]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Cullinane CA, Borneman T, Smith DD, Chu DZ, 

Ferrell BR, and Wagman LD. The surgical 

treatment of cancer: a comparison of resource 

utilization following procedures performed

with a curative and palliative intent. Cancer 

2003;98(10):2266-73. [Rec#: 1572] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Curtis JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell ES, and Collier AC. 

The attitudes of patients with advanced AIDS 

toward use of the medical futility rationale in 

decisions to forego mechanical ventilation. 

Arch Intern Med 2000;160(11):1597-601. 

Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jun

12;160(11):1565-6. PMID: 10847247. 

Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jan 

8;161(1):128-30. PMID: 11146716. [Rec#: 

1586] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Curtis JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell ES, and Collier AC. 

Why don’t patients and physicians talk about 

end-of-life care? Barriers to communication 

for patients with acquired immunodeficiency

syndrome and their primary care clinicians. 

Arch Intern Med 2000;160(11):1690-6. 

Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jun

12;160(11):1565-6. PMID: 10847247. [Rec#:

1587] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Curtisa JR, Patrick DL, Caldwell E, Greenlee H, and

Collier AC. The quality of patient-doctor 

communication about end-of-life care: a study 

of patients with advanced AIDS and their 

primary care clinicians. AIDS 99;13(9):1123-

31. [Rec#: 1585] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dales RE, O’Connor A, Hebert P, Sullivan K, McKim

D, and Llewellyn-Thomas H. Intubation and 

mechanical ventilation for COPD: 

development of an instrument to elicit patient 

preferences. Chest 99;116(3):792-800. [Rec#:

1620] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Danis M, Southerland LI, Garrett JM, Smith JL, 

Hielema F, Pickard CG, Egner DM, and 

Patrick DL. A prospective study of advance

directives for life-sustaining care. N Engl J 

Med 91;324(13):882-8. Comment in: N Engl

J Med. 1991 Oct 24;325(17):1254-6. PMID: 

1922218. [Rec#: 40771] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Davies HT, Crombie IK, Brown JH, and Martin C.

Diminishing returns or appropriate treatment

strategy?--an analysis of short-term outcomes 

after pain clinic treatment. Pain 97;70(2-

3):203-8. [Rec#: 1671]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Davison BJ, Gleave ME, Goldenberg SL, Degner LF, 

Hoffart D, and Berkowitz J. Assessing

information and decision preferences of men 

with prostate cancer and their partners. 

Cancer Nursing 2002;25(1):42-9. [Rec#:

50368]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dawson NJ. Need satisfaction in terminal care settings. 

Soc Sci Med 91;32(1):83-7. [Rec#: 10637] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

De Conno F, Boffi R, Brunelli C, and Panzeri C. Agerelated differences in patients admitted to a 

palliative home care service. Tumori 

2002;88(2):117-22. [Rec#: 1702] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-10 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

De Conno F, Caraceni A, Groff L, Brunelli C, Donati 

I, Tamburini M, and Ventafridda V. Effect of

home care on the place of death of advanced

cancer patients. Eur J Cancer

96;32A(7):1142-7. [Rec#: 1703]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

De Conno F, Saita L, Ripamonti C, and Ventafridda V.

Subcutaneous octreotide in the treatment of 

pain in advanced cancer patients. J Pain

Symptom Manage 94;9(1):34-8. [Rec#:

31225]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

De Jonge KE, Sulmasy DP, Gold KG, Epstein A,

Harper MG, Eisenberg JM, and Schulman 

KA. The timing of do-not-resuscitate orders 

and hospital costs. J Gen Intern Med

99;14(3):190-2. [Rec#: 1712]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

de Vos R, Koster RW, and de Haan RJ. Impact of 

survival probability, life expectancy, quality 

of life and patient preferences on do-notattempt-resuscitation orders in a hospital. 

Resuscitation Committee. Resuscitation

98;39(1-2):15-21. [Rec#: 40833]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

de Wit R, van Dam F, Abu-Saad HH, Loonstra S,

Zandbelt L, van Buuren A, van der Heijden 

K, and Leenhouts G. Empirical comparison of

commonly used measures to evaluate pain 

treatment in cancer patients with chronic pain. 

J Clin Oncol 99;17(4):1280. [Rec#: 1733]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

de Wit R, van Dam F, Vielvoye-Kerkmeer A, Mattern

C, and Abu-Saad HH. The treatment of 

chronic cancer pain in a cancer hospital in 

The Netherlands. J Pain Symptom Manage

99;17(5):333-50. [Rec#: 10666] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

DeCourtney CA, Jones K, Merriman MP, Heavener N, 

and Branch PK. Establishing a culturally 

sensitive palliative care program in rural 

Alaska Native American communities. J 

Palliat Med 2003;6(3):501-10. [Rec#: 10682] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Degenholtz HB, Arnold RA, Meisel A, and Lave JR. 

Persistence of racial disparities in advance 

care plan documents among nursing home

residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(2):378-

81. [Rec#: 40841]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Delbridge TR, Fosnocht DE, Garrison HG, and Auble 

TE. Field termination of unsuccessful out-ofhospital cardiac arrest resuscitation:

acceptance by family members. Ann Emerg 

Med 96;27(5):649-54. [Rec#: 1757]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dendaas N, Pellino TA, Roberts KF, and Cleary J. 

Responding to SUPPORT: an academic 

medical center examines its end-of-life care

practices. Study to Understand Prognoses and

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatments. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;21(2):121-8. [Rec#: 1777]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Desbiens NA, Mueller-Rizner N, Connors AF Jr, 

Wenger NS, and Lynn J. The symptom

burden of seriously ill hospitalized patients. 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcome and 

Risks of Treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage 

99;17(4):248-55. [Rec#: 40862] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Desbiens NA, Mueller-Rizner N, Hamel MB, and

Connors AF Jr. Preference for comfort care 

does not affect the pain experience of 

seriously ill patients. The SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses 

and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage

98;16(5):281-9. [Rec#: 1787]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Detmar SB, Muller MJ, Schornagel JH, Wever LD, 

and Aaronson NK. Health-related quality-oflife assessments and patient-physician 

communication: a randomized controlled trial.

JAMA 2002;288(23):3027-34. Comment in: 

JAMA. 2003 Apr 2;289(13):1636; author

reply 1636-7. PMID: 12672729. Erratum in:

JAMA. 2003 Feb 26;289(8):987. [Rec#:

1794] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-11 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Detmar SB, Muller MJ, Schornagel JH, Wever LD, 

and Aaronson NK. Role of health-related 

quality of life in palliative chemotherapy

treatment decisions. J Clin Oncol 

2002;20(4):1056-62. [Rec#: 1795]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Detmar SB, Muller MJ, Wever LD, Schornagel JH, 

and Aaronson NK. The patient-physician 

relationship. Patient-physician 

communication during outpatient palliative 

treatment visits: an observational study. 

JAMA 2001;285(10):1351-7. [Rec#: 1796]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Devery K, Lennie I, and Cooney N. Health outcomes 

for people who use palliative care services. J 

Palliat Care 99;15(2):5-12. [Rec#: 10719] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Devulder J, Ghys L, Dhondt W, and Rolly G. Spinal 

analgesia in terminal care: risk versus benefit.

J Pain Symptom Manage 94;9(2):75-81. 

[Rec#: 10730]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dexter PR, Wolinsky FD, Gramelspacher GP, Zhou 

XH, Eckert GJ, Waisburd M, and Tierney 

WM. Effectiveness of computer-generated 

reminders for increasing discussions about 

advance directives and completion of advance 

directive forms. A randomized, controlled 

trial. Ann Intern Med 98;128(2):102-10. 

[Rec#: 50914]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ditto PH, Danks JH, Smucker WD, Bookwala J, 

Coppola KM, Dresser R, Fagerlin A, Gready

RM, Houts RM, Lockhart LK, and Zyzanski

S. Advance directives as acts of 

communication: a randomized controlled trial.

Arch Intern Med 2001;161(3):421-30. [Rec#:

1852] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dobratz MC. Analysis of variables that impact 

psychological adaptation in home hospice 

patients. Hosp J 95;10(1):75-88. [Rec#: 1865]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dobratz MC. Patterns of advanced cancer pain in home

hospice patients. Cancer Nurs

2001;24(4):294-9. [Rec#: 1870]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Donaldson N, Carter H, and Green R. Quality of

information on hospice referral. Br J Gen

Pract 2000;50(452):219-20. [Rec#: 10793] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Donnelly S and Walsh D. The symptoms of advanced

cancer. Semin Oncol 95;22(2 Suppl 3):67-72. 

[Rec#: 1896] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Donovan KA, Greene PG, Shuster JL, Partridge EE,

and Tucker DC. Treatment preferences in 

recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 

2002;86(2):200-11. [Rec#: 1899] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Doorenbos AZ and Nies MA. The use of advance 

directives in a population of Asian Indian

Hindus. J Transcult Nurs 2003;14(1):17-24. 

[Rec#: 1903] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dowdy MD, Robertson C, and Bander JA. A study of

proactive ethics consultation for critically and 

terminally ill patients with extended lengths

of stay. Critical Care Medicine 98;26(2):252-

9. [Rec#: 50384] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dowsett SM, Saul JL, Butow PN, Dunn SM, Boyer

MJ, Findlow R, and Dunsmore J. 

Communication styles in the cancer 

consultation: preferences for a patient-centred

approach. Psycho-Oncology 2000;9(2):147-

56. [Rec#: 50385]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Doyle CJ. Effect of staff turnover and the social

environment on depressive symptoms in

nursing home residents. Int Psychogeriatr 

95;7(1):51-61. [Rec#: 40917]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Draper B, MacCuspie-Moore C, and Brodaty H.

Suicidal ideation and the ‘wish to die’ in 

dementia patients: the role of depression. Age 

Ageing 98;27(4):503-7. [Rec#: 1934]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dudgeon DJ and Lertzman M. Dyspnea in the 

advanced cancer patient. J Pain Symptom

Manage 98;16(4):212-9. Comment in: J Pain

Symptom Manage. 1999 Nov;18(5):313-5.

PMID: 10584452. [Rec#: 40930]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-12 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Dudgeon DJ, Raubertas RF, Doerner K, O’Connor T, 

Tobin M, and Rosenthal SN. When does 

palliative care begin? A needs assessment of 

cancer patients with recurrent disease. J 

Palliat Care 95;11(1):5-9. Comment in: J 

Palliat Care. 1995 Autumn;11(3):53. PMID: 

7472797. Erratum in: J Palliat Care. 1995

Autumn;11(3):53. PMID: 7472797. [Rec#: 

1955] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Duggleby W and Alden C. Implementation and 

evaluation of a quality improvement process 

to improve pain management in a hospice 

setting. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 98;15(4):209-

16. [Rec#: 10867]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dull SM, Graves JR, Larsen MP, and Cummins RO. 

Expected death and unwanted resuscitation in 

the prehospital setting. Ann Emerg Med

94;23(5):997-1002. [Rec#: 40939]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Dumot JA, Burval DJ, Sprung J, Waters JH, Mraovic 

B, Karafa MT, Mascha EJ, and Bourke DL. 

Outcome of adult cardiopulmonary

resuscitations at a tertiary referral center 

including results of “limited” resuscitations. 

Arch Intern Med 2001;161(14):1751-8. 

[Rec#: 40940]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Duthie E, Mark D, Tresch D, Kartes S, Neahring J, and 

Aufderheide T. Utilization of

cardiopulmonary resuscitation in nursing 

homes in one community: rates and nursing

home characteristics. J Am Geriatr Soc 

93;41(4):384-8. Comment in: J Am Geriatr 

Soc. 1993 Nov;41(11):1275-6. PMID: 

8227908. [Rec#: 40956] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

DuVal G, Clarridge B, Gensler G, and Danis M. A 

national survey of U.S. internists’ experiences 

with ethical dilemmas and ethics consultation. 

J Gen Intern Med 2004;19(3):251-8. [Rec#:

1989] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ehman JW, Ott BB, Short TH, Ciampa RC, and 

Hansen-Flaschen J. Do patients want

physicians to inquire about their spiritual or 

religious beliefs if they become gravely ill?

Archives of Internal Medicine

99;159(15):1803-6. [Rec#: 50396] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Eisdorfer C, Czaja, SJ, Loewenstein DA, Rubert MP, 

Arguelles S, Mitrani VB, and Szapocznik J.

The effect of a family therapy and 

technology-based intervention on caregiver 

depression. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):521-31.

[Rec#: 50917]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Eldridge AD, Severance-Lossin L, Nicholas PK, and

Leuner JD. Prevalence and characteristics of 

pain in persons with terminal-stage AIDS. J 

Adv Nurs 94;20(2):260-8. [Rec#: 2059]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Eleazer GP, Hornung CA, Egbert CB, Egbert JR, Eng 

C, Hedgepeth J, McCann R, Strothers H 3rd,

Sapir M, Wei M, and Wilson M. The 

relationship between ethnicity and advance 

directives in a frail older population. J Am

Geriatr Soc 96;44(8):938-43. [Rec#: 40988] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Elfrink EJ, van der Rijt CC, van Boxtel RJ, Elswijk-de 

Vries P, van Zuijlen L, and Stoter G. Problem

solving by telephone in palliative care: use of 

a predetermined assessment tool within a 

program of home care technology. J Palliat 

Care 2002;18(2):105-10. [Rec#: 2061]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Elmstahl S, Ingvad B, and Annerstedt L. Family

caregiving in dementia: prediction of

caregiver burden 12 months after relocation to 

group-living care. Int Psychogeriatr

98;10(2):127-46. [Rec#: 50026] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, Alpert H,

Baldwin D, and Emanuel LL. Assistance from

family members, friends, paid care givers, and 

volunteers in the care of terminally ill 

patients. N Engl J Med 99;341(13):956-63. 

[Rec#: 2092] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-13 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Emanuel EJ, Weinberg DS, Gonin R, Hummel LR, and 

Emanuel LL. How well is the Patient SelfDetermination Act working?: an early 

assessment. Am J Med 93;95(6):619-28. 

[Rec#: 2093] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, and Emanuel

LL. Understanding economic and other 

burdens of terminal illness: the experience of

patients and their caregivers. Annals of

Internal Medicine 2000;132(6):451-9. [Rec#:

50398]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Emanuel LL, Barry MJ, Stoeckle JD, Ettelson LM, and

Emanuel EJ. Advance directives for medical

care—a case for greater use. N Engl J Med 

91;324(13):889-95. [Rec#: 50864] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Escalante CP, Martin CG, Elting LS, Cantor SB, Harle 

TS, Price KJ, Kish SK, Manzullo EF, and 

Rubenstein EB. Dyspnea in cancer patients.

Etiology, resource utilization, and survival—

implications in a managed care world. Cancer

96;78(6):1314-9. [Rec#: 2131] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Evangelista LS, Dracup K, Doering L, Westlake C, 

Fonarow GC, and Hamilton M. Emotional

well-being of heart failure patients and their 

caregivers. J Card Fail 2002;8(5):300-5. 

[Rec#: 31516]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Evers MM, Meier DE, and Morrison RS. Assessing 

differences in care needs and service 

utilization in geriatric palliative care patients. 

J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;23(5):424-32. 

[Rec#: 2157] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Evers MM, Purohit D, Perl D, Khan K, and Marin DB. 

Palliative and aggressive end-of-life care for 

patients with dementia. Psychiatr Serv

2002;53(5):609-13. [Rec#: 2158] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Faber-Langendoen K and Bartels DM. Process of 

forgoing life-sustaining treatment in a 

university hospital: an empirical study. Crit 

Care Med 92;20(5):570-7. [Rec#: 2163]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Faber-Langendoen, K. A multi-institutional study of

care given to patients dying in hospitals. 

Ethical and practice implications. Archives of

Internal Medicine 96;156(18):2130-6. [Rec#: 

50403]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fainsinger R, Miller MJ, Bruera E, Hanson J, and 

Maceachern T. Symptom control during the 

last week of life on a palliative care unit. J 

Palliat Care 91;7(1):5-11. [Rec#: 2171]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fainsinger RL, De Moissac D, Mancini I, and 

Oneschuk D. Sedation for delirium and other 

symptoms in terminally ill patients in

Edmonton. J Palliat Care 2000;16(2):5-10.

[Rec#: 2172] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fainsinger RL, Louie K, Belzile M, Bruera E, and 

Hanson J. Decreased opioid doses used on a 

palliative care unit. J Palliat Care 96;12(4):6-

9. [Rec#: 2176] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fainsinger RL, MacEachern T, Hanson J, and Bruera

E. The use of urinary catheters in terminally 

ill cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage

92;7(6):333-8. [Rec#: 2177]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fainsinger RL, MacEachern T, Miller MJ, Bruera E, 

Spachynski K, Kuehn N, and Hanson J. The 

use of hypodermoclysis for rehydration in

terminally ill cancer patients. J Pain Symptom

Manage 94;9(5):298-302. [Rec#: 2178]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fainsinger RL, Nunez-Olarte JM, and Demoissac DM. 

The cultural differences in perceived value of

disclosure and cognition: Spain and Canada. J 

Palliat Care 2003;19(1):43-8. Comment in: J 

Palliat Care. 2003 Spring;19(1):7-8. PMID: 

12710109. [Rec#: 2179]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fainsinger RL, Spachynski K, Hanson J, and Bruera E.

Symptom control in terminally ill patients 

with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO). J 

Pain Symptom Manage 94;9(1):12-8. [Rec#:

2181] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-14 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Fakhoury W, McCarthy M, and Addington-Hall J. 

Determinants of informal caregivers’ 

satisfaction with services for dying cancer 

patients. Soc Sci Med 96;42(5):721-31. 

[Rec#: 2190] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fakhoury WK, McCarthy M, and Addington-Hall J. 

Carers’ health status: is it associated with

their evaluation of the quality of palliative 

care? Scand J Soc Med 97;25(4):296-301. 

[Rec#: 2192] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fakhoury WK, McCarthy M, and Addington-Hall J. 

The effects of the clinical characteristics of 

dying cancer patients on informal caregivers’

satisfaction with palliative care. Palliat Med

97;11(2):107-15. [Rec#: 2193] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Farran CJ, Miller BH, Kaufman JE, Donner E, and

Fogg L. Finding meaning through caregiving:

development of an instrument for family

caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s 

disease. J Clin Psychol 99;55(9):1107-25.

[Rec#: 31551]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fernsler JI, Klemm P, and Miller MA. Spiritual wellbeing and demands of illness in people with

colorectal cancer. Cancer Nurs 99;22(2):134-

40; quiz 141-2. [Rec#: 2253]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ferrell BA, Ferrell BR, and Rivera L. Pain in

cognitively impaired nursing home patients. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 95;10(8):591-8. 

[Rec#: 41059]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ferry P, Hancock R, Newton C, Taylor J, and Horton

K. Perspectives of relatives and health care 

workers on care of terminally ill patients in

the UK. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(2):121-8. [Rec#: 11176] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Feuz A and Rapin CH. An observational study of the 

role of pain control and food adaptation of

elderly patients with terminal cancer. J Am

Diet Assoc 94;94(7):767-70. [Rec#: 2279]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Field D and McGaughey J. An evaluation of palliative 

care services for cancer patients in the 

Southern Health and Social Services Board of 

Northern Ireland. Palliat Med 98;12(2):83-97. 

[Rec#: 2286] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fine RL and Mayo TW. Resolution of futility by due

process: early experience with the Texas 

Advance Directives Act. Ann Intern Med

2003;138(9):743-6. Comment in: Ann Intern

Med. 2004 Mar 2;140(5):402-3; author reply 

404. PMID: 14996685. Comment in: Ann 

Intern Med. 2004 Mar 2;140(5):403-4; author

reply 404. PMID: 14996687. Comment in: 

Ann Intern Med. 2004 Mar 2;140(5):403;

author reply 404. PMID. [Rec#: 2304]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Finlay IG and Jones OL. Hypnotherapy in palliative 

care. J R Soc Med 96;89(9):493-6. [Rec#:

2311] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Finn JW, Walsh TD, MacDonald N, Bruera E, Krebs 

LU, and Shepard KV. Placebo-blinded study 

of morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets 

and immediate-release morphine sulfate 

solution in outpatients with chronic pain due 

to advanced cancer. Journal of Clinical 

Oncology 93;11(5):967-72. [Rec#: 50428] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fins JJ, Miller FG, Acres CA, Bacchetta MD, Huzzard 

LL, and Rapkin BD. End-of-life decisionmaking in the hospital: current practice and 

future prospects. J Pain Symptom Manage 

99;17(1):6-15. [Rec#: 2314]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fisher ES, Wennberg DE, Stukel TA, Gottlieb DJ, 

Lucas FL, and Pinder EL. The implications of

regional variations in Medicare spending. Part

2: health outcomes and satisfaction with care. 

Ann Intern Med 2003;138(4):288-98.

Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 

18;138(4):347-8. PMID: 12585834. Comment 

in: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):348-

9. PMID: 12585835. Comment in: Ann Intern 

Med. 2003 Feb 18;138(4):350-1. PMID: 

12585836. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 

2004 Jan . [Rec#: 2326]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-15 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Fitzpatrick MO, Goyal K, and Barlow P. Treatment

limiting decisions in a neurosurgical unit.

Scott Med J 99;44(2):47-8. [Rec#: 11252] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fogel BS and Mor V. Depressed mood and care 

preferences in patients with AIDS. Gen Hosp

Psychiatry 93;15(4):203-7. [Rec#: 2360]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fortner BV, Demarco G, Irving G, Ashley J, Keppler 

G, Chavez J, and Munk J. Description and 

predictors of direct and indirect costs of pain

reported by cancer patients. J Pain Symptom

Manage 2003;25(1):9-18. [Rec#: 11303]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fountain A. Visual hallucinations: a prevalence study 

among hospice inpatients. Palliat Med

2001;15(1):19-25. [Rec#: 2388]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fowell A, Finlay I, Johnstone R, and Minto L. An

integrated care pathway for the last two days 

of life: Wales-wide benchmarking in

palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2002;8(12):566-73. Comment in: Int J Palliat 

Nurs. 2003 Jan;9(1):39. PMID: 12560796. 

[Rec#: 11314]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fried TR and Bradley EH. What matters to seriously ill 

older persons making end-of-life treatment

decisions?: A qualitative study. J Palliat Med

2003;6(2):237-44. [Rec#: 2435] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fried TR and Mor V. Frailty and hospitalization of

long-term stay nursing home residents. J Am

Geriatr Soc 97;45(3):265-9. Comment in: J 

Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Mar;45(3):378-9. 

PMID: 9063288. [Rec#: 41137] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fried TR, Bradley EH, and O’Leary J. Prognosis 

communication in serious illness: perceptions

of older patients, caregivers, and clinicians. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(10):1398-403. 

[Rec#: 2436] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fried TR, Bradley EH, and Towle VR. Assessment of 

patient preferences: integrating treatments and

outcomes. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci

2002;57(6):S348-54. [Rec#: 2437]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fried TR, Bradley EH, and Towle VR. Valuing the 

outcomes of treatment: do patients and their

caregivers agree? Arch Intern Med

2003;163(17):2073-8. [Rec#: 2438] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fried TR, Bradley EH, Towle VR, and Allore H.

Understanding the treatment preferences of 

seriously ill patients. N Engl J Med

2002;346(14):1061-6. Comment in: N Engl J 

Med. 2002 Apr 4;346(14):1087-9. PMID: 

11932479. Comment in: N Engl J Med. 2002

Aug 15;347(7):533-5; author reply 533-5.

PMID: 12181411. Comment in: N Engl J 

Med. 2002 Aug 15;347(7):533-5; author reply 

533-5. PMID: 12182184. Co. [Rec#: 2439]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fried TR, Pollack DM, Drickamer MA, and Tinetti 

ME. Who dies at home? Determinants of site 

of death for community-based long-term care 

patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 99;47(1):25-9. 

[Rec#: 2441] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fried TR, van Doorn C, O’Leary JR, Tinetti ME, and

Drickamer MA. Older person’s preferences 

for home vs hospital care in the treatment of 

acute illness. Arch Intern Med 

2000;160(10):1501-6. [Rec#: 41139] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fried TR, Gillick MR, and Lipsitz L. A. Short-term

functional outcomes of long-term care 

residents with pneumonia treated with and

without hospital transfer. Journal of the 

American Geriatrics Society 97;45(3):302-6. 

[Rec#: 50437]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Friedman MM and Griffin JA. Relationship of physical

symptoms and physical functioning to

depression in patients with heart failure. Heart 

Lung 2001;30(2):98-104. [Rec#: 31732]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Friedrichsen MJ, Strang PM, and Carlsson ME. Cancer

patients’ perceptions of their participation and 

own resources after receiving information 

about discontinuation of active tumour

treatment. Acta Oncol 2000;39(8):919-25.

[Rec#: 2451] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-16 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Fry PS. A factor analytic investigation of home-bound

elderly individuals’ concerns about death and 

dying, and their coping responses. J Clin

Psychol 90;46(6):737-48. [Rec#: 2469]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fudin J, Smith HS, Toledo-Binette CS, Kenney E, Yu 

AB, and Boutin R. Use of continuous

ambulatory infusions of concentrated

subcutaneous (s.q.) hydromorphone versus

intravenous (i.v.) morphine: cost implications 

for palliative care. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2000;17(5):347-53. Comment in: Am J Hosp

Palliat Care. 2000 Sep-Oct;17(5):292-3. 

PMID: 11886046. [Rec#: 11399]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fulop G, Strain JJ, and Stettin G. Congestive heart 

failure and depression in older adults: clinical 

course and health services use 6 months after

hospitalization. Psychosomatics 

2003;44(5):367-73. [Rec#: 31762] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fulton C. Patients with metastatic breast cancer: their 

physical and psychological rehabilitation

needs. Int J Rehabil Res 99;22(4):291-301. 

[Rec#: 31763]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Fulton CL. The physical and psychological symptoms

experienced by patients with metastatic breast

cancer before death. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 

97;6(4):262-6. [Rec#: 2489]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Furuta M, Hayakawa K, Saito Y, Nakayama Y, Katano

S, Sakurai H, Takahashi T, Ohno T, 

Mitsuhashi N, and Niibe H. Clinical 

implication of symptoms in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with definitive 

radiation therapy. Lung Cancer 95;13(3):275-

83. [Rec#: 31769]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gagnon P, Allard P, Masse B, and DeSerres M.

Delirium in terminal cancer: a prospective 

study using daily screening, early diagnosis, 

and continuous monitoring. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 2000;19(6):412-26. [Rec#: 2512]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gagnon, B, Bielech, M, Watanabe, S, Walker, P,

Hanson, J, and Bruera, E. The use of

intermittent subcutaneous injections of

oxycodone for opioid rotation in patients with

cancer pain. Supportive Care in Cancer 

99;7(4):265-70. [Rec#: 50440] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gallicchio L, Siddiqi N, Langenberg P, and

Baumgarten M. Gender differences in burden

and depression among informal caregivers of

demented elders in the community. Int J 

Geriatr Psychiatry 2002;17(2):154-63. [Rec#: 

31785]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gallo WT, Baker MJ, and Bradley EH. Factors 

associated with home versus institutional 

death among cancer patients in Connecticut. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(6):771-7. Comment

in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 Jun;49(6):831-2. 

PMID: 11454126. [Rec#: 2527] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ganzini L, Lee MA, Heintz RT, and Bloom JD. Donot-resuscitate orders for depressed 

psychiatric inpatients. Hosp Community

Psychiatry 92;43(9):915-9. [Rec#: 2543]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ganzini L, Goy ER, Miller LL, Harvath TA, Jackson

A, and Delorit MA. Nurses’ experiences with

hospice patients who refuse food and fluids to

hasten death. New England Journal of

Medicine 2003;349(4):359-65. [Rec#: 50444] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ganzini L, Johnston WS, and Hoffman WF. Correlates 

of suffering in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 

Neurology 99;52(7):1434-40. [Rec#: 50445] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gattellari M, Voigt KJ, Butow PN, and Tattersall MH. 

When the treatment goal is not cure: are 

cancer patients equipped to make informed 

decisions? J Clin Oncol 2002;20(2):503-13. 

[Rec#: 2565] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gaudette LA, Shi F, Lipskie T, Allard P, Fainsinger 

RL, Maxwell D, and Harlos M. Developing

palliative care surveillance in Canada: results 

of a pilot study. J Palliat Care 

2002;18(4):262-9. [Rec#: 2567]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-17 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Ghusn HF, Teasdale TA, and Jordan D. Continuity of

do-not-resuscitate orders between hospital and

nursing home settings. J Am Geriatr Soc

97;45(4):465-9. [Rec#: 41196] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gift AG, Stommel M, Jablonski A, and Given W. A 

cluster of symptoms over time in patients with

lung cancer. Nurs Res 2003;52(6):393-400. 

[Rec#: 2633] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Giladi N, Treves TA, Paleacu D, Shabtai H, Orlov Y, 

Kandinov B, Simon ES, and Korczyn AD. 

Risk factors for dementia, depression and

psychosis in long-standing Parkinson’s 

disease. J Neural Transm 2000;107(1):59-71. 

[Rec#: 31892]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gill P, Kaur JS, Rummans T, Novotny PJ, and Sloan 

JA. The hospice patient’s primary caregiver. 

What is their quality of life? J Psychosom Res 

2003;55(5):445-51. [Rec#: 2643] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Giorgi F, Cellerino R, Gramazio A, Tummarello D, 

Menichetti ET, Giordani P, Antognoli S, 

Carle F, and Piga A. Assessing quality of life 

in patients with cancer: a comparison of a 

visual-analogue and a categorical model. Am

J Clin Oncol 96;19(4):394-9. [Rec#: 31911]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gitlin LN, Belle SH, Burgio LD, Czaja SJ, Mahoney 

D, Gallagher-Thompson D, Burns R, Hauck 

WW, Zhang S, Schulz R, Ory MG, and

REACH Investigators. Effect of

multicomponent interventions on caregiver

burden and depression: the REACH multisite

initiative at 6-month follow-up. Psychol 

Aging 2003;18(3):361-74. [Rec#: 31919] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gitlin LN, Winter L, Corcoran M, Dennis MP, 

Schinfeld S, and Hauck WW. Effects of the

home environmental skill-building program

on the caregiver-care recipient dyad: 6-month 

outcomes from the Philadelphia REACH 

Initiative. Gerontologist 2003;43(4):532-46.

[Rec#: 50918]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Given B, Given C, Azzouz F, and Stommel M.

Physical functioning of elderly cancer patients 

prior to diagnosis and following initial 

treatment. Nurs Res 2001;50(4):222-32.

[Rec#: 31922]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gochman DS and Bonham GS. The social structure of 

the hospice decision. Hosp J 90;6(1):15-36. 

[Rec#: 11560]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Goldberg LR, Piette JD, Walsh MN, Frank TA, Jaski

BE, Smith AL, Rodriguez R, Mancini DM, 

Hopton LA, Orav EJ, Loh E, and WHARF 

Investigators. Randomized trial of a daily 

electronic home monitoring system in patients 

with advanced heart failure: the Weight

Monitoring in Heart Failure (WHARF) trial. 

Am Heart J 2003;146(4):705-12. [Rec#:

31947]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Goldberg RJ and Goldberg J. Risperidone for 

dementia-related disturbed behavior in

nursing home residents: a clinical experience. 

Int Psychogeriatr 97;9(1):65-8. [Rec#: 31950]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Goldstone I, Kuhl D, Johnson A, Le R, and McLeod A. 

Patterns of care in advanced HIV disease in a 

tertiary treatment centre. AIDS Care 95;7

Suppl 1:S47-56. [Rec#: 2714] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Golin CE, Wenger NS, Liu H, Dawson NV, Teno JM, 

Desbiens NA, Lynn J, Oye RK, and Phillips 

RS. A prospective study of patient-physician

communication about resuscitation. J Am

Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S52-60. [Rec#:

2716] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Goncalves JF, Alvarenga M, and Silva A. The last 

forty-eight hours of life in a Portuguese 

palliative care unit: does it differ from

elsewhere? J Palliat Med 2003;6(6):895-900. 

[Rec#: 2720] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gonzalez-Salvador MT, Arango C, Lyketsos CG, and 

Barba AC. The stress and psychological

morbidity of the Alzheimer patient caregiver. 

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 99;14(9):701-10. 

[Rec#: 31971]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-18 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Goodkin K, Feaster DJ, Asthana D, Blaney NT, Kumar 

M, Baldewicz T, Tuttle RS, Maher KJ, Baum

MK, Shapshak P, and Fletcher MA. A 

bereavement support group intervention is 

longitudinally associated with salutary effects 

on the CD4 cell count and number of 

physician visits. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

98;5(3):382-91. [Rec#: 2725]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Goodlin SJ, Winzelberg GS, Teno JM, Whedon M, 

and Lynn J. Death in the hospital. Arch Intern 

Med 98;158(14):1570-2. [Rec#: 2729]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Goodlin SJ, Zhong Z, Lynn J, Teno JM, Fago JP, 

Desbiens N, Connors AF Jr, Wenger NS, and 

Phillips RS. Factors associated with use of

cardiopulmonary resuscitation in seriously ill 

hospitalized adults. JAMA 99;282(24):2333-

9. [Rec#: 2730] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Goodwin DM, Higginson IJ, Myers K, Douglas HR, 

and Normand CE. Effectiveness of palliative 

day care in improving pain, symptom control, 

and quality of life. J Pain Symptom Manage

2003;25(3):202-12. Comment in: J Pain

Symptom Manage. 2003 Oct;26(4):886-7; 

author reply 888-9. PMID: 14527753. [Rec#: 

2735] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Goodwin DM, Higginson IJ, Myers K, Douglas HR, 

and Normand CE. What is palliative day care?

A patient perspective of five UK services.

Support Care Cancer 2002;10(7):556-62.

[Rec#: 2736] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Goodyer LI, Miskelly F, and Milligan P. Does 

encouraging good compliance improve 

patients’ clinical condition in heart failure? Br 

J Clin Pract 95;49(4):173-6. Comment in: Br

J Clin Pract. 1995 Jul-Aug;49(4):171. PMID:

7547152. [Rec#: 31978] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gordon NP and Shade SB. Advance directives are 

more likely among seniors asked about endof-life care preferences. Arch Intern Med

99;159(7):701-4. [Rec#: 2742] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gore JM, Brophy CJ, and Greenstone MA. How well

do we care for patients with end stage chronic 

obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? A 

comparison of palliative care and quality of

life in COPD and lung cancer. Thorax

2000;55(12):1000-6. Comment in: Thorax. 

2000 Dec;55(12):979-81. PMID: 11083879. 

[Rec#: 2745] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gorski LA and Johnson K. A disease management

program for heart failure: collaboration

between a home care agency and a care 

management organization. Lippincotts Case

Manag 2003;8(6):265-73. [Rec#: 31989]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gottlieb SS, Fisher ML, Freudenberger R, Robinson S, 

Zietowski G, Alves L, Krichten C,

Vaitkevicus P, and McCarter R. Effects of 

exercise training on peak performance and 

quality of life in congestive heart failure 

patients. J Card Fail 99;5(3):188-94. [Rec#:

31996]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Grande GE, McKerral A, and Todd CJ. Which cancer 

patients are referred to Hospital at Home for 

palliative care? Palliat Med 2002;16(2):115-

23. [Rec#: 2777] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Grande GE, Todd CJ, Barclay SI, and Farquhar MC. A

randomized controlled trial of a hospital at 

home service for the terminally ill. Palliat 

Med 2000;14(5):375-85. [Rec#: 11650]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Grande GE, Todd CJ, Barclay SI, and Farquhar MC. 

Does hospital at home for palliative care 

facilitate death at home? Randomised

controlled trial. BMJ 99;319(7223):1472-5. 

Comment in: BMJ. 1999 Dec 

4;319(7223):1447-8. PMID: 10582909. 

[Rec#: 11649]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Grant I, Adler KA, Patterson TL, Dimsdale JE, Ziegler 

MG, and Irwin MR. Health consequences of

Alzheimer’s caregiving transitions: effects of 

placement and bereavement. Psychosom Med 

2002;64(3):477-86. [Rec#: 2781] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-19 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Grant M, Golant M, Rivera L, Dean G, and Benjamin

H. Developing a community program on

cancer pain and fatigue. Cancer Practice 

2000;8(4):187-94. [Rec#: 50465]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Green CP, Porter CB, Bresnahan DR, and Spertus JA.

Development and evaluation of the Kansas 

City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire: a new

health status measure for heart failure. J Am

Coll Cardiol 2000;35(5):1245-55. [Rec#: 

32030]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Green CR and Wheeler JR. Physician variability in the 

management of acute postoperative and

cancer pain: a quantitative analysis of the 

Michigan experience. Pain Med 2003;4(1):8-

20. Comment in: Pain Med. 2003 Mar;4(1):1-

3. PMID: 12873272. [Rec#: 11670] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Greenberg SM, Tennis MK, Brown LB, Gomez-Isla T, 

Hayden DL, Schoenfeld DA, Walsh KL, 

Corwin C, Daffner KR, Friedman P,

Meadows ME, Sperling RA, and Growdon

JH. Donepezil therapy in clinical practice: a 

randomized crossover study. Arch Neurol

2000;57(1):94-9. Comment in: Arch Neurol. 

2000 Sep;57(9):1380. PMID: 10987910. 

[Rec#: 32039]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Griffith CH 3rd, Wilson JF, Emmett KR, RamsbottomLucier M, and Rich EC. Knowledge and 

experience with Alzheimer’s disease. 

Relationship to resuscitation preference. Arch

Fam Med 95;4(9):780-4. [Rec#: 32062]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Groff L, Zecca E, De Conno F, Brunelli C, Boffi R, 

Panzeri C, Cazzaniga M, and Ripamonti C. 

The role of disodium pamidronate in the 

management of bone pain due to malignancy.

Palliat Med 2001;15(4):297-307. [Rec#: 

2834] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Grond S, Zech D, Lynch J, Diefenbach C, Schug SA, 

and Lehmann KA. Validation of World 

Health Organization guidelines for pain relief

in head and neck cancer. A prospective study. 

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 93;102(5):342-8.

[Rec#: 2837] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gross MD. What do patients express as their 

preferences in advance directives? Arch

Intern Med 98;158(4):363-5. Comment in: 

Arch Intern Med. 1998 Feb 23;158(4):321-4. 

PMID: 9487228. [Rec#: 11731] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Guo H, Fine PG, Mendoza TR, and Cleeland CS. A

preliminary study of the utility of the brief 

hospice inventory. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;22(2):637-48. [Rec#: 2870] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Guthrie B, Nelson M, and Gazzard B. Are people with 

HIV in London able to die where they plan?

AIDS Care 96;8(6):709-13. [Rec#: 11769] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Gutzmann H, Kuhl KP, Hadler D, and Rapp MA. 

Safety and efficacy of idebenone versus 

tacrine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: 

results of a randomized, double-blind, 

parallel-group multicenter study. 

Pharmacopsychiatry 2002;35(1):12-8. [Rec#:

32110]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Guyatt GH, Berman LB, Townsend M, Pugsley SO, 

and Chambers LW. A measure of quality of 

life for clinical trials in chronic lung disease. 

Thorax 87;42(10):773-8. [Rec#: 50867] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Haggmark C, Bachner M, and Theorell T. A follow-up

of psychological state in relatives of cancer 

patients one year after the patient’s death. 

Effects of an activation programme. Acta 

Oncol 91;30(6):677-84. [Rec#: 2911]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hakim RB, Teno JM, Harrell FE Jr, Knaus WA, 

Wenger N, Phillips RS, Layde P, Califf R, 

Connors AF Jr, and Lynn J. Factors 

associated with do-not-resuscitate orders: 

patients’ preferences, prognoses, and 

physicians’ judgments. SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses 

and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatment. Ann Intern Med 96;125(4):284-

93. [Rec#: 41337]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-20 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Haley WE, LaMonde LA, Han B, Burton AM, and

Schonwetter R. Predictors of depression and 

life satisfaction among spousal caregivers in

hospice: application of a stress process model.

J Palliat Med 2003;6(2):215-24. [Rec#: 2937] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hall P, Schroder C, and Weaver L. The last 48 hours

of life in long-term care: a focused chart 

audit. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(3):501-6. 

[Rec#: 2945] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hall S, Gallagher RM, Gracely E, Knowlton C, and 

Wescules D. The terminal cancer patient: 

effects of age, gender, and primary tumor site

on opioid dose. Pain Med 2003;4(2):125-34. 

[Rec#: 2947] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hamel MB, Lynn J, Teno JM, Covinsky KE, Wu AW, 

Galanos A, Desbiens NA, and Phillips RS. 

Age-related differences in care preferences, 

treatment decisions, and clinical outcomes of 

seriously ill hospitalized adults: lessons from

SUPPORT. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S176-82. [Rec#: 2954] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hamel MB, Phillips RS, Davis RB, Teno J, Connors 

AF, Desbiens N, Lynn J, Dawson NV, 

Fulkerson W, and Tsevat J. Outcomes and 

cost-effectiveness of ventilator support and

aggressive care for patients with acute 

respiratory failure due to pneumonia or acute 

respiratory distress syndrome. American 

Journal of Medicine 2000;109(8):614-20. 

[Rec#: 50474]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hamel MB, Phillips R S, Teno JM, Lynn J, Galanos 

AN, Davis RB, Connors AF Jr, Oye RK, 

Desbiens N, Reding DJ, and Goldman L. 

Seriously ill hospitalized adults: do we spend 

less on older patients? Support Investigators. 

Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preference for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatments. Journal of the American 

Geriatrics Society 96;44(9):1043-8. [Rec#:

50476]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hammes BJ and Rooney BL. Death and end-of-life 

planning in one midwestern community. Arch

Intern Med 98;158(4):383-90. [Rec#: 2961]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hanks GW, Robbins M, Sharp D, Forbes K, Done K,

Peters TJ, Morgan H, Sykes J, Baxter K,

Corfe F, and Bidgood C. The imPaCT study:

a randomised controlled trial to evaluate a 

hospital palliative care team. Br J Cancer 

2002;87(7):733-9. [Rec#: 2978]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hanrahan P and Luchins DJ. Access to hospice 

programs in end-stage dementia: a national 

survey of hospice programs. J Am Geriatr Soc 

95;43(1):56-9. Comment in: J Am Geriatr 

Soc. 1995 Oct;43(10):1174. PMID: 7560715. 

Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995 

Oct;43(10):1174-6. PMID: 7560716. [Rec#: 

11846]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hanson LC and Rodgman E. The use of living wills at 

the end of life. A national study. Arch Intern

Med 96;156(9):1018-22. [Rec#: 11861]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hanson LC, Earp JA, Garrett J, Menon M, and Danis 

M. Community physicians who provide 

terminal care. Arch Intern Med 

99;159(10):1133-8. [Rec#: 2992] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Harding R, Higginson IJ, and Donaldson N. The 

relationship between patient characteristics 

and carer psychological status in home

palliative cancer care. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(10):638-43. [Rec#: 3008] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hardy JR, Rees E, Ling J, Burman R, Feuer D, 

Broadley K, and Stone P. A prospective 

survey of the use of dexamethasone on a 

palliative care unit. Palliat Med 2001;15(1):3-

8. Comment in: Palliat Med. 2001

Nov;15(6):521. PMID: 12403513. [Rec#:

11877]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hardy JR, Rees EA, Gwilliam B, Ling J, Broadley K, 

and A’Hern R. A phase II study to establish

the efficacy and toxicity of sodium valproate

in patients with cancer-related neuropathic

pain. J Pain Symptom Manage

2001;21(3):204-9. Comment in: J Pain

Symptom Manage. 2002 Jan;23(1):1. PMID:

11779658. [Rec#: 3015]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-21 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Harrell LE, Callaway R, Morere D, and Falgout J. The 

effect of long-term physostigmine 

administration in Alzheimer’s disease. 

Neurology 90;40(9):1350-4. [Rec#: 32179] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Harrison J, Haddad P, and Maguire P. The impact of 

cancer on key relatives: a comparison of 

relative and patient concerns. European 

Journal of Cancer 95;31A(11):1736-40.

[Rec#: 50483]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Haydar ZR, Lowe AJ, Kahveci KL, Weatherford W,

and Finucane T. Differences in end-of-life 

preferences between congestive heart failure

and dementia in a medical house calls 

program. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(5):736-

40. [Rec#: 50854]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hays JC, Kasl SV, and Jacobs SC. The course of 

psychological distress following threatened

and actual conjugal bereavement. Psychol 

Med 94;24(4):917-27. [Rec#: 3084]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heap MJ, Munglani R, Klinck JR, and Males AG. 

Elderly patients’ preferences concerning lifesupport treatment. Anaesthesia 

93;48(12):1027-33. Comment in:

Anaesthesia. 1993 Dec;48(12):1025-6. PMID: 

8285319. [Rec#: 3095]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heaven CM and Maguire P. The relationship between 

patients’ concerns and psychological distress

in a hospice setting. Psychooncology 

98;7(6):502-7. [Rec#: 3097]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heedman PA and Strang P. Pain and pain alleviation in

hospital-based home care: demographic, 

biological and treatment factors. Support Care 

Cancer 2003;11(1):35-40. [Rec#: 3103]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heeren O, Menon AS, Raskin A, and Ruskin P.

Religion and end of life treatment preferences

among geriatric patients. Int J Geriatr 

Psychiatry 2001;16(2):203-8. [Rec#: 3105] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heffner JE and Barbieri C. End-of-life care 

preferences of patients enrolled in

cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. Chest

2000;117(5):1474-81. Comment in: Chest. 

2000 May;117(5):1228-31. PMID: 10807804. 

[Rec#: 3107] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heffner JE and Barbieri C. Involvement of 

cardiovascular rehabilitation programs in

advance directive education. Arch Intern Med 

96;156(15):1746-51. [Rec#: 11989]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heffner JE, Barbieri C, and Casey K. Procedurespecific do-not-resuscitate orders. Effect on

communication of treatment limitations. Arch

Intern Med 96;156(7):793-7. [Rec#: 41447] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heffner JE, Barbieri C, Fracica P, and Brown LK.

Communicating do-not-resuscitate orders 

with a computer-based system. Arch Intern 

Med 98;158(10):1090-5. [Rec#: 41448]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heffner JE, Fahy B, Hilling L, and Barbieri C. 

Attitudes regarding advance directives among

patients in pulmonary rehabilitation. Am J 

Respir Crit Care Med 96;154(6 Pt 1):1735-40. 

[Rec#: 3108] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heffner JE, Fahy B, Hilling L, and Barbieri C. 

Outcomes of advance directive education of 

pulmonary rehabilitation patients. Am J 

Respir Crit Care Med 97;155(3):1055-9. 

[Rec#: 3109] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heidenreich PA, Ruggerio CM, and Massie BM. 

Effect of a home monitoring system on 

hospitalization and resource use for patients 

with heart failure. Am Heart J 99;138(4 Pt 

1):633-40. Comment in: Am Heart J. 1999

Oct;138(4 Pt 1):599-601. PMID: 10502199. 

[Rec#: 32251]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Helft PR, Hlubocky F, Wen M, and Daugherty CK. 

Associations among awareness of prognosis,

hopefulness, and coping in patients with

advanced cancer participating in phase I

clinical trials. Support Care Cancer 

2003;11(10):644-51. [Rec#: 41456]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-22 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Heller RF, Fisher JD, D’Este CA, Lim LL, Dobson AJ, 

and Porter R. Death and readmission in the 

year after hospital admission with

cardiovascular disease: the Hunter Area Heart 

and Stroke Register. Med J Aust

2000;172(6):261-5. [Rec#: 50036] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Herndon JE 2nd, Fleishman S, Kosty MP, and Green 

MR. A longitudinal study of quality of life in

advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Cancer

and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 8931.

Control Clin Trials 97;18(4):286-300. 

Comment in: Control Clin Trials. 1997 

Aug;18(4):306-10. PMID: 9257069. 

Comment in: Control Clin Trials. 1997 

Aug;18(4):311-7. PMID: 9257070. [Rec#: 

32303]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hesse KA. Terminal care of the very old. Changes in 

the way we die. Arch Intern Med 

95;155(14):1513-8. [Rec#: 3180] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heyland DK, Konopad E, Noseworthy TW, Johnston

R, and Gafni A. Is it ‘worthwhile’ to continue 

treating patients with a prolonged stay (>14

days) in the ICU? An economic evaluation. 

Chest 98;114(1):192-8. [Rec#: 41500] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heyland DK, Lavery JV, Tranmer JE, Shortt SE, and 

Taylor SJ. Dying in Canada: is it an

institutionalized, technologically supported

experience? J Palliat Care 2000;16

Suppl:S10-6. [Rec#: 12051] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heyland DK, Rocker GM, O’Callaghan CJ, Dodek 

PM, and Cook DJ. Dying in the ICU:

perspectives of family members. Chest

2003;124(1):392-7. Comment in: Chest. 2003

Jul;124(1):11-2. PMID: 12853494. [Rec#: 

3184] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Heyland DK, Tranmer J, O’Callaghan CJ, and Gafni 

A. The seriously ill hospitalized patient: 

preferred role in end-of-life decision making?

J Crit Care 2003;18(1):3-10. [Rec#: 3186]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hickok JT, Morrow GR, McDonald S, and Bellg AJ. 

Frequency and correlates of fatigue in lung

cancer patients receiving radiation therapy: 

implications for management. J Pain

Symptom Manage 96;11(6):370-7. [Rec#:

32326]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Higginson I and Priest P. Predictors of family anxiety 

in the weeks before bereavement. Soc Sci 

Med 96;43(11):1621-5. [Rec#: 3198]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Higginson I, Priest P, and McCarthy M. Are bereaved

family members a valid proxy for a patient’s 

assessment of dying? Soc Sci Med 

94;38(4):553-7. [Rec#: 12063] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Higginson IJ and Costantini M. Communication in 

end-of-life cancer care: a comparison of team

assessments in three European countries. J

Clin Oncol 2002;20(17):3674-82. [Rec#:

3202] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hill KM, Amir Z, Muers MF, Connolly CK, and 

Round CE. Do newly diagnosed lung cancer 

patients feel their concerns are being met? Eur

J Cancer Care (Engl) 2003;12(1):35-45. 

[Rec#: 32331]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hilliard RE. The effects of music therapy on the 

quality and length of life of people diagnosed

with terminal cancer. J Music Ther 

2003;40(2):113-37. [Rec#: 3213] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hinds C. Personal and contextual factors predicting 

patients’ reported quality of life: exploring

congruency with Betty Neuman’s 

assumptions. J Adv Nurs 90;15(4):456-62.

[Rec#: 32340]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hines SC, Glover JJ, Babrow AS, Holley JL, Badzek

LA, and Moss AH. Improving advance care

planning by accommodating family

preferences. J Palliat Med 2001;4(4):481-9. 

Comment in: J Palliat Med. 2001 

Winter;4(4):453-6. PMID: 11798476. [Rec#: 

3226] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-23 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Hines SC, Glover JJ, Holley JL, Babrow AS, Badzek 

LA, and Moss AH. Dialysis patients’ 

preferences for family-based advance care 

planning. Ann Intern Med 99;130(10):825-8. 

[Rec#: 3227] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hinkka H, Kosunen E, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, and

Lammi UK. Assessment of pain control in 

cancer patients during the last week of life: 

comparison of health centre wards and a

hospice. Support Care Cancer 2001;9(6):428-

34. Comment in: Support Care Cancer. 2001 

Sep;9(6):401-2. PMID: 11585265. [Rec#:

3228] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hinton J. Can home care maintain an acceptable 

quality of life for patients with terminal 

cancer and their relatives? Palliat Med 

94;8(3):183-96. [Rec#: 3236]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hinton J. How reliable are relatives’ retrospective 

reports of terminal illness? Patients and

relatives’ accounts compared. Soc Sci Med 

96;43(8):1229-36. [Rec#: 3237]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hinton J. Services given and help perceived during

home care for terminal cancer. Palliat Med

96;10(2):125-34. [Rec#: 3239] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hinton J. Which patients with terminal cancer are 

admitted from home care? Palliat Med 

94;8(3):197-210. [Rec#: 3240] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hodgson C, Higginson I, McDonnell M, and Butters E.

Family anxiety in advanced cancer: a

multicentre prospective study in Ireland. Br J

Cancer 97;76(9):1211-4. [Rec#: 3261]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hodgson H. Does reflexology impact on cancer

patients’ quality of life? Nurs Stand 

2000;14(31):33-8. [Rec#: 3262]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Holden CM. Anorexia in the terminally ill cancer 

patient: the emotional impact on the patient

and the family. Hosp J 91;7(3):73-84. [Rec#:

3285] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Holden JD. Auditing palliative care in one general 

practice over eight years. Scand J Prim Health 

Care 96;14(3):136-41. [Rec#: 12149] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, Eberly SW, and Cox 

C. Normative data and trends in quality of life 

from the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale 

(LCSS). Support Care Cancer 99;7(3):140-8. 

[Rec#: 32384]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Holley JL, Hines SC, Glover JJ, Babrow AS, Badzek

LA, and Moss AH. Failure of advance care 

planning to elicit patients’ preferences for 

withdrawal from dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 

99;33(4):688-93. [Rec#: 3291] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Holtzman J, Chen Q, and Kane R. The effect of HMO 

status on the outcomes of home-care after 

hospitalization in a Medicare population. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 98;46(5):629-34. [Rec#:

50040]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Holtzman J, Pheley AM, and Lurie N. Changes in

orders limiting care and the use of less 

aggressive care in a nursing home population. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 94;42(3):275-9. [Rec#: 

41540]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Holzapfel L, Demingeon G, Piralla B, Biot L, and

Nallet B. A four-step protocol for limitation

of treatment in terminal care. An 

observational study in 475 intensive care unit

patients. Intensive Care Med 

2002;28(9):1309-15. Comment in: Intensive 

Care Med. 2002 Sep;28(9):1197-9. PMID: 

12400561. [Rec#: 3303]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Holzheimer A, McMillan SC, and Weitzner M. 

Improving pain outcomes of hospice patients 

with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum

99;26(9):1499-504. [Rec#: 3304]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Homsi J, Walsh D, Nelson KA, LeGrand SB, Davis M,

Khawam E, and Nouneh C. The impact of a

palliative medicine consultation service in 

medical oncology. Support Care Cancer

2002;10(4):337-42. [Rec#: 3311] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-24 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Hopwood P and Stephens RJ. Depression in patients 

with lung cancer: prevalence and risk factors 

derived from quality-of-life data. J Clin Oncol 

2000;18(4):893-903. [Rec#: 3332]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hopwood P, Harvey A, Davies J, Stephens RJ, Girling 

DJ, Gibson D, and Parmar MK. Survey of the 

Administration of quality of life (QL) 

questionnaires in three multicentre 

randomised trials in cancer. The Medical 

Research Council Lung Cancer Working 

Party the CHART Steering Committee. Eur J 

Cancer 98;34(1):49-57. [Rec#: 32409] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hopwood P, Howell A, and Maguire P. Psychiatric 

morbidity in patients with advanced cancer of

the breast: prevalence measured by two selfrating questionnaires. British Journal of 

Cancer 91;64(2):349-52. [Rec#: 50499]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hopwood P, Howell A, and Maguire P. Screening for 

psychiatric morbidity in patients with

advanced breast cancer: validation of two 

self-report questionnaires. British Journal of

Cancer 91;64(2):353-6. [Rec#: 50500] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Houts RM, Smucker WD, Jacobson JA, Ditto PH, and

Danks JH. Predicting elderly outpatients’ lifesustaining treatment preferences over time: 

the majority rules. Med Decis Making

2002;22(1):39-52. [Rec#: 3364]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hugel H, Ellershaw JE, Cook L, Skinner J, and Irvine

C. The prevalence, key causes and 

management of insomnia in palliative care 

patients. J Pain Symptom Manage

2004;27(4):316-21. [Rec#: 3394] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hughes SL, Weaver FM, Giobbie-Hurder A, Manheim 

L, Henderson W, Kubal JD, Ulasevich A, 

Cummings J, and Department of Veterans

Affairs Cooperative Study Group on HomeBased Primary Care. Effectiveness of teammanaged home-based primary care: a 

randomized multicenter trial. JAMA 

2000;284(22):2877-85. [Rec#: 3399]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hunt R, Fazekas B, Thorne D, and Brooksbank M. A 

comparison of subcutaneous morphine and 

fentanyl in hospice cancer patients. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 99;18(2):111-9. [Rec#:

3422] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hunt RW, Fazekas BS, Luke CG, and Roder DM. 

Where patients with cancer die in South 

Australia, 1990-1999: a population-based 

review. Med J Aust 2001;175(10):526-9. 

Comment in: Med J Aust. 2001 Nov 

19;175(10):534-6. PMID: 11795543. [Rec#: 

3426] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hutt E, Ecord M, Eilertsen TB, Frederickson E, and 

Kramer AM. Precipitants of emergency room

visits and acute hospitalization in short-stay 

medicare nursing home residents. J Am

Geriatr Soc 2002;50(2):223-9. [Rec#: 32478] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Hwang SS, Chang VT, Fairclough DL, and Kasimis B. 

Development of a cancer pain prognostic 

scale. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2002;24(4):366-78. [Rec#: 3448] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ibbotson T, Maguire P, Selby P, Priestman T, and 

Wallace L. Screening for anxiety and 

depression in cancer patients: the effects of 

disease and treatment. European Journal of 

Cancer 94;30A(1):37-40. [Rec#: 50502] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Im K, Belle SH, Schulz R, Mendelsohn AB, Chelluri 

L, and QOL-MV Investigators. Prevalence 

and outcomes of caregiving after prolonged

(> or =48 hours) mechanical ventilation in the 

ICU. Chest 2004;125(2):597-606. [Rec#:

41609]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Incalzi RA, Gemma A, Marra C, Capparella O, Fuso

L, and Carbonin P. Verbal memory

impairment in COPD: its mechanisms and 

clinical relevance. Chest 97;112(6):1506-13. 

[Rec#: 32517]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-25 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Ingleton C, Morgan J, Hughes P, Noble B, Evans A, 

and Clark D. Carer satisfaction with end-oflife care in Powys, Wales: a cross-sectional

survey. Health Soc Care Community 

2004;12(1):43-52. [Rec#: 3473]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jaagosild P, Dawson NV, Thomas C, Wenger NS, 

Tsevat J, Knaus WA, Califf RM, Goldman L,

Vidaillet H, and Connors AF Jr. Outcomes of 

acute exacerbation of severe congestive heart

failure: quality of life, resource use, and 

survival. SUPPORT Investigators. The Study

to Understand Prognosis and Preferences for 

Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Arch 

Intern Med 98;158(10):1081-9. [Rec#: 32575] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jaarsma T, Dracup K, Walden J, and Stevenson LW.

Sexual function in patients with advanced

heart failure. Heart Lung 96;25(4):262-70. 

[Rec#: 32580]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jaarsma T, Halfens R, Huijer Abu-Saad H, Dracup K, 

Gorgels T, van Ree J, and Stappers J. Effects

of education and support on self-care and 

resource utilization in patients with heart 

failure. Eur Heart J 99;20(9):673-82.

Comment in: Eur Heart J. 1999

May;20(9):632-3. PMID: 10419340. [Rec#: 

32582]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jaarsma T, Halfens R, Tan F, Abu-Saad HH, Dracup 

K, and Diederiks J. Self-care and quality of

life in patients with advanced heart failure: 

the effect of a supportive educational 

intervention. Heart Lung 2000;29(5):319-30. 

[Rec#: 32583]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jaarsma T. Sexual problems in heart failure patients. 

Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2002;1(1):61-7. [Rec#:

32578]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jack B, Hillier V, Williams A, and Oldham J. Hospital 

based palliative care teams improve the 

insight of cancer patients into their disease. 

Palliat Med 2004;18(1):46-52. [Rec#: 3510]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jack B, Hillier V, Williams A, and Oldham J. Hospital 

based palliative care teams improve the 

symptoms of cancer patients. Palliat Med

2003;17(6):498-502. [Rec#: 3511]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jacobs LG, Bonuck K, and Burton W. Can “Palliative 

Care Reports” improve end-of-life care for 

hospitalized patients? J Pain Symptom

Manage 2002;24(3):299-311. [Rec#: 3530]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jacobs S, Hansen F, Kasl S, Ostfeld A, Berkman L, 

and Kim K. Anxiety disorders during acute

bereavement: risk and risk factors. J Clin 

Psychiatry 90;51(7):269-74. Comment in: J 

Clin Psychiatry. 1991 May;52(5):241. PMID: 

2033034. [Rec#: 3534]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jacobson JA, Kasworm E, Battin MP, Francis LP, 

Green D, Botkin J, and Johnson S. Advance 

directives in Utah. Information from death 

certificates and informants. Arch Intern Med

96;156(16):1862-8. [Rec#: 41636] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jacoby A, Lecouturier J, Bradshaw C, Lovel T, and

Eccles M. Feasibility of using postal 

questionnaires to examine carer satisfaction 

with palliative care: a methodological 

assessment. South Tyneside MAAG Palliative 

Care Study Group. Palliat Med 99;13(4):285-

98. [Rec#: 12351]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Janjan NA, Payne R, Gillis T, Podoloff D, Libshitz HI, 

Lenzi R, Theriault R, Martin C, and Yasko A. 

Presenting symptoms in patients referred to a 

multidisciplinary clinic for bone metastases. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 98;16(3):171-8. 

[Rec#: 3561] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jayes RL, Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, and Knaus 

WA. Variations in the use of do-notresuscitate orders in ICUS. Findings from a 

national study. Chest 96;110(5):1332-9. 

Comment in: Chest. 1996 Nov;110(5):1141-2.

PMID: 8915210. [Rec#: 12388] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-26 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Jenkins CA, Schulz M, Hanson J, and Bruera E. 

Demographic, symptom, and medication 

profiles of cancer patients seen by a palliative 

care consult team in a tertiary referral 

hospital. J Pain Symptom Manage

2000;19(3):174-84. [Rec#: 3578] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jenkins CA, Taube AW, Turner K, Hanson J, and 

Bruera E. Initial demographic, symptom, and

medication profiles in patients admitted to

continuing palliative care units. J Pain

Symptom Manage 98;16(3):163-70. [Rec#:

3579] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jerant AF, Azari R, and Nesbitt TS. Reducing the cost 

of frequent hospital admissions for congestive 

heart failure: a randomized trial of a home 

telecare intervention. Med Care 

2001;39(11):1234-45. [Rec#: 50047] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jerant AF, Azari RS, Nesbitt TS, and Meyers FJ. The 

TLC model of palliative care in the elderly: 

preliminary application in the assisted living 

setting. Ann Fam Med 2004;2(1):54-60. 

[Rec#: 3591] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jezewski MA and Finnell DS. The meaning of DNR 

status: oncology nurses’ experiences with 

patients and families. Cancer Nurs 

98;21(3):212-21. [Rec#: 3599] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jiang W, Alexander J, Christopher E, Kuchibhatla M,

Gaulden LH, Cuffe MS, Blazing MA,

Davenport C, Califf RM, Krishnan RR, and 

O’Connor CM. Relationship of depression to

increased risk of mortality and

rehospitalization in patients with congestive 

heart failure. Arch Intern Med 

2001;161(15):1849-56. Comment in: Arch 

Intern Med. 2002 Feb 11;162(3):362. PMID:

11822938. Comment in: Arch Intern Med.

2002 Feb 11;162(3):362-4. PMID: 11822939. 

[Rec#: 50048]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Johnson IS. Use of bisphosphonates for the treatment

of metastatic bone pain. A survey of palliative 

physicians in the UK. Palliat Med

2001;15(2):141-7. [Rec#: 12440] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Johnson MF, Lin M, Mangalik S, Murphy DJ, and

Kramer AM. Patients’ perceptions of

physicians’ recommendations for comfort

care differ by patient age and gender. J Gen 

Intern Med 2000;15(4):248-55. [Rec#: 3624] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Johnston G and Abraham C. The WHO objectives for 

palliative care: to what extent are we 

achieving them? Palliat Med 95;9(2):123-37. 

[Rec#: 12456]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Johnston SC and Johnson SC. Advance directives: 

from the perspective of the patient and the 

physician. J R Soc Med 96;89(10):568-70. 

Erratum in: J R Soc Med 1997 Feb;90(2):120. 

Johnson SC[corrected to Johnston SC]. 

[Rec#: 12461]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Johnstone PA, Polston GR, Niemtzow RC, and Martin

PJ. Integration of acupuncture into the 

oncology clinic. Palliat Med 2002;16(3):235-

9. [Rec#: 3635] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jordhoy MS, Fayers P, Loge JH, Ahlner-Elmqvist M,

and Kaasa S. Quality of life in palliative 

cancer care: results from a cluster randomized 

trial. J Clin Oncol 2001;19(18):3884-94. 

Comment in: J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 

15;20(6):1704-5. PMID: 11896122. [Rec#: 

3660] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jordhoy MS, Saltvedt I, Fayers P, Loge JH, AhlnerElmqvist M, and Kaasa S. Which cancer

patients die in nursing homes? Quality of life, 

medical and sociodemographic 

characteristics. Palliat Med 2003;17(5):433-

44. [Rec#: 3664] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Jorm AF, Henderson S, Scott R, Mackinnon AJ, 

Korten AE, and Christensen H. The disabled 

elderly living in the community: care received 

from family and formal services. Med J Aust 

93;158(6):383-5, 388. [Rec#: 41697]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-27 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Junod Perron N, Morabia A, and de Torrente A.

Quality of life of Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) 

patients: how good are physicians in assessing

DNR patients’ quality of life? Swiss Med

Wkly 2002;132(39-40):562-5. [Rec#: 41704] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kaasa S, Malt U, Hagen S, Wist E, Moum T, and 

Kvikstad A. Psychological distress in cancer 

patients with advanced disease. Radiother

Oncol 93;27(3):193-7. [Rec#: 3687]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kaldjian LC, Jekel JF, and Friedland G. End-of-life 

decisions in HIV-positive patients: the role of 

spiritual beliefs. AIDS 98;12(1):103-7. [Rec#:

12530]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kalra L, Evans A, Perez I, Knapp M, Donaldson N,

and Swift CG. Alternative strategies for 

stroke care: a prospective randomised 

controlled trial. Lancet 2000;356(9233):894-

9. Comment in: Lancet. 2000 Sep

9;356(9233):869-70. PMID: 11036886. 

Comment in: Lancet. 2001 Jan 

13;357(9250):146-7. PMID: 11197428. 

Comment in: Lancet. 2001 Jan 

13;357(9250):146; author reply 147. PMID: 

11197429. [Rec#: 3712]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kalso E, Heiskanen T, Rantio M, Rosenberg PH, and 

Vainio A. Epidural and subcutaneous

morphine in the management of cancer pain: a 

double-blind cross-over study. Pain 96;67(2-

3):443-9. [Rec#: 3713]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kane RL, Homyak P, Bershadsky B, and Lum YS. 

Consumer responses to the Wisconsin

Partnership Program for Elderly Persons: a 

variation on the PACE Model. J Gerontol A 

Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57(4):M250-8. [Rec#:

41719]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kane RL, Keckhafer G, Flood S, Bershadsky B, and 

Siadaty MS. The effect of Evercare on 

hospital use. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2003;51(10):1427-34. [Rec#: 41721] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Karetzky M, Zubair M, and Parikh J. Cardiopulmonary

resuscitation in intensive care unit and nonintensive care unit patients. Immediate and 

long-term survival. Arch Intern Med

95;155(12):1277-80. Comment in: Arch

Intern Med. 1996 Jan 22;156(2):215-6.

PMID: 8546559. [Rec#: 41729] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Karlin NJ and Retzlaff PD. Psychopathology in

caregivers of the chronically ill: personality 

and clinical syndromes. Hosp J 95;10(3):55-

61. [Rec#: 12550]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Keay TJ, Taler GA, Fredman L, and Levenson SA. 

Assessing medical care of dying residents in

nursing homes. Am J Med Qual 97;12(3):151-

6. [Rec#: 3799] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Keefe FJ, Ahles TA, Porter LS, Sutton LM, McBride 

CM, Pope MS, McKinstry ET, Furstenberg

CP, Dalton J, and Baucom DH. The selfefficacy of family caregivers for helping 

cancer patients manage pain at end-of-life. 

Pain 2003;103(1-2):157-62. [Rec#: 3801]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Keegan O, McGee H, Hogan M, Kunin H, O’Brien S,

and O’Siorain L. Relatives’ views of health 

care in the last year of life. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2001;7(9):449-56. [Rec#: 12596]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Keenan SP, Busche KD, Chen L. M, Esmail R, Inman 

KJ, and Sibbald WJ. Withdrawal and 

withholding of life support in the intensive 

care unit: a comparison of teaching and 

community hospitals. The Southwestern

Ontario Critical Care Research Network.

Critical Care Medicine 98;26(2):245-51.

[Rec#: 50513]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Keenan, SP, Busche, KD, Chen, LM, McCarthy, L,

Inman, KJ, and Sibbald, WJ. A retrospective 

review of a large cohort of patients 

undergoing the process of withholding or

withdrawal of life support. Critical Care

Medicine 97;25(8):1324-31. [Rec#: 50514]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-28 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Keene J, Hope T, Fairburn CG, and Jacoby R. Death 

and dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry

2001;16(10):969-74. Comment in: Int J 

Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;17(11):1078. 

PMID: 12404661. [Rec#: 41748]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kehayia E, Korner-Bitensky N, Singer F, Becker R, 

Lamarche M, Georges P, and Retik S.

Differences in pain medication use in stroke 

patients with aphasia and without aphasia. 

Stroke 97;28(10):1867-70. [Rec#: 3803]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kellogg FR and Ramos A. Code status decisionmaking in a nursing home population:

processes and outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 

95;43(2):113-21. [Rec#: 3815] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kelly B, Edwards P, Synott R, Neil C, Baillie R, and 

Battistutta D. Predictors of bereavement 

outcome for family carers of cancer patients.

Psychooncology 99;8(3):237-49. [Rec#: 

3819] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kennard MJ, Speroff T, Puopolo AL, Follen MA, 

Mallatratt L, Phillips R, Desbiens N, Califf 

RM, and Connors AF Jr. Participation of 

nurses in decision making for seriously ill 

adults. Clin Nurs Res 96;5(2):199-219. [Rec#:

3840] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kernerman P, Cook DJ, and Griffith LE. Documenting 

life-support preferences in hospitalized 

patients. J Crit Care 97;12(4):155-60. [Rec#:

41760]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kerridge IH, Pearson SA, Rolfe IE, and Lowe M. 

Decision making in CPR: attitudes of hospital 

patients and healthcare professionals. Med J 

Aust 98;169(3):128-31. Comment in: Med J

Aust. 1998 Aug 3;169(3):124-5. PMID: 

9734504. Comment in: Med J Aust. 1999 Jan

4;170(1):45-6. PMID: 10026675. Comment

in: Med J Aust. 1999 Jan 4;170(1):45; author 

reply 45-6. PMID: 10026674. Comment in: 

Med J Aust. 1999 May 3;170. [Rec#: 3855]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kiely DK, Mitchell SL, Marlow A, Murphy KM, and 

Morris JN. Racial and state differences in the

designation of advance directives in nursing 

home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2001;49(10):1346-52. [Rec#: 12673] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kimball LR and McCormick WC. The pharmacologic 

management of pain and discomfort in

persons with AIDS near the end of life: use of 

opioid analgesia in the hospice setting. J Pain

Symptom Manage 96;11(2):88-94. [Rec#:

3892] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kirschling JM, Stewart BJ, and Archbold PG. Family

caregivers of post-hospitalized older persons

and persons receiving hospice: similarities 

and differences. Home Health Care Serv Q

94;14(4):117-40. [Rec#: 3923] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kish Wallace S, Martin CG, Shaw AD, and Price KJ. 

Influence of an advance directive on the 

initiation of life support technology in

critically ill cancer patients. Crit Care Med 

2001;29(12):2294-8. Comment in: Crit Care

Med. 2001 Dec;29(12):2391-2. PMID: 

11801850. [Rec#: 41781] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kissane DW, McKenzie M, McKenzie DP, Forbes A, 

O’Neill I, and Bloch S. Psychosocial 

morbidity associated with patterns of family 

functioning in palliative care: baseline data 

from the Family Focused Grief Therapy 

controlled trial. Palliat Med 2003;17(6):527-

37. [Rec#: 3934] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Knol HR, Haken L, and Kempen GI. Disablement 

process and the utilization of home care 

among non-institutionalized elderly people: 

contrasting results between cross-sectional 

and panel data. Disabil Rehabil 

2003;25(15):845-55. [Rec#: 41806]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Koeberle D, Bacchus L, Thuerlimann B, and Senn HJ. 

Pamidronate treatment in patients with

malignant osteolytic bone disease and pain: a 

prospective randomized double-blind trial. 

Support Care Cancer 99;7(1):21-7. Comment

in: Support Care Cancer. 1999 Jan;7(1):1-3. 

PMID: 9926966. [Rec#: 3980] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-29 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Koedoot CG, Oort FJ, de Haan RJ, Bakker PJ, de 

Graeff A, and de Haes JC. The content and 

amount of information given by medical

oncologists when telling patients with

advanced cancer what their treatment options 

are. Palliative chemotherapy and watchfulwaiting. Eur J Cancer 2004;40(2):225-35. 

[Rec#: 3984] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Koenig HG. Depression in hospitalized older patients 

with congestive heart failure. Gen Hosp

Psychiatry 98;20(1):29-43. [Rec#: 41814] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Koffman J, Higginson IJ, and Donaldson N. Symptom

severity in advanced cancer, assessed in two 

ethnic groups by interviews with bereaved

family members and friends. J R Soc Med

2003;96(1):10-6. [Rec#: 12762] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kolarik RC, Arnold RM, Fischer GS, and Hanusa BH. 

Advance care planning. J Gen Intern Med 

2002;17(8):618-24. [Rec#: 3998] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kongsgaard UE and Meidell NK. Mechanical 

ventilation in critically ill cancer patients: 

outcome and utilisation of resources. Support 

Care Cancer 99;7(2):95-9. [Rec#: 4010]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kornblith AB, Herndon JE, Zuckerman E, Viscoli CM, 

Horwitz RI, Cooper MR, Harris L, Tkaczuk 

KH, Perry MC, Budman D, Norton LC, 

Holland J, Breast Cancer and Leukemia 

Group. Social support as a buffer to the 

psychological impact of stressful life events 

in women with breast cancer. Cancer 

2001;91(2):443-54. [Rec#: 50526] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kramer BJ and Kipnis S. Eldercare and work-role 

conflict: toward an understanding of gender 

differences in caregiver burden. Gerontologist 

95;35(3):340-8. [Rec#: 41841] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kristjanson LJ, Leis A, Koop PM, Carriere KC, and 

Mueller B. Family members’ care 

expectations, care perceptions, and 

satisfaction with advanced cancer care: results 

of a multi-site pilot study. J Palliat Care 

97;13(4):5-13. [Rec#: 4063]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kristjanson LJ, Sloan JA, Dudgeon D, and Adaskin E.

Family members’ perceptions of palliative 

cancer care: predictors of family functioning 

and family members’ health. J Palliat Care 

96;12(4):10-20. [Rec#: 4066]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kristjanson, L. J. Validity and reliability testing of the 

FAMCARE Scale: measuring family 

satisfaction with advanced cancer care. Social 

Science & Medicine 93;36(5):693-701.

[Rec#: 50531]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kristjansson B, Breithaupt K, and McDowell I. 

Development and validation of an indicator of

support for community-residing older 

Canadians. Int Psychogeriatr 2001;13 Supp

1:125-35. [Rec#: 41855] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Krout RE. The effects of single-session music therapy 

interventions on the observed and selfreported levels of pain control, physical 

comfort, and relaxation of hospice patients. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001;18(6):383-90.

[Rec#: 4074] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Krumholz HM, Phillips RS, Hamel MB, Teno JM, 

Bellamy P, Broste SK, Califf RM, Vidaillet 

H, Davis RB, Muhlbaier LH, Connors AF Jr, 

Lynn J, and Goldman L. Resuscitation 

preferences among patients with severe 

congestive heart failure: results from the 

SUPPORT project. Study to Understand

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatments. Circulation 

98;98(7):648-55. Comment in: Circulation.

1998 Aug 18;98(7):619-22. PMID: 9715851. 

[Rec#: 4078] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-30 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Kuin A, Courtens AM, Deliens L, Vernooij-Dassen 

MJ, van Zuylen L, van der Linden B, and van 

der Wal G. Palliative care consultation in The 

Netherlands: a nationwide evaluation study. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 2004;27(1):53-60. 

[Rec#: 4092] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kunik ME, Benton CL, Snow-Turek AL, Molinari V,

Orengo CA, and Workman R. The

contribution of cognitive impairment, medical 

burden, and psychopathology to the

functional status of geriatric psychiatric 

inpatients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry

98;20(3):183-8. [Rec#: 41867] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kurlowicz LH, Evans LK, Strumpf NE, and Maislin G. 

A psychometric evaluation of the Cornell 

Scale for Depression in Dementia in a frail, 

nursing home population. Am J Geriatr 

Psychiatry 2002;10(5):600-8. [Rec#: 41869]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kurti LG and O’Dowd TC. Dying of non-malignant 

diseases in general practice. J Palliat Care 

95;11(3):25-31. [Rec#: 4112]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kutner JS, Kassner CT, and Nowels DE. Symptom

burden at the end of life: hospice providers’ 

perceptions. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2001;21(6):473-80. [Rec#: 4121] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Kuuppelomaki M. Pain management problems in

patients’ terminal phase as assessed by nurses 

in Finland. J Adv Nurs 2002;40(6):701-9. 

[Rec#: 4126] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Labrecque MS, Blanchard CG, Ruckdeschel JC, and 

Blanchard EB. The impact of family presence

on the physician-cancer patient interaction. 

Social Science & Medicine 91;33(11):1253-

61. [Rec#: 50534]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lammi UK, Kosunen E, and Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P.

Palliative cancer care in two health centres 

and one hospice in Finland. Support Care 

Cancer 2001;9(1):25-31. [Rec#: 4170]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lamont EB and Christakis NA. Physician factors in the 

timing of cancer patient referral to hospice

palliative care. Cancer 2002;94(10):2733-7.

[Rec#: 4171] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Landi F, Onder G, Cesari M, Gambassi G, Steel K, 

Russo A, Lattanzio F, and Bernabei R. Pain

management in frail, community-living

elderly patients. Arch Intern Med 

2001;161(22):2721-4. [Rec#: 41890] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Landry FJ, Kroenke K, Lucas C, and Reeder J. 

Increasing the use of advance directives in 

medical outpatients. J Gen Intern Med 

97;12(7):412-5. [Rec#: 4175]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Larsson BW, Larsson G, and Carlson SR. Advanced

home care: patients’ opinions on quality 

compared with those of family members. J 

Clin Nurs 2004;13(2):226-33. [Rec#: 4213]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lasater M. The effect of a nurse-managed CHF clinic 

on patient readmission and length of stay. 

Home Healthc Nurse 96;14(5):351-6. [Rec#:

50057]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Latimer EJ, Crabb MR, Roberts JG, Ewen M, and 

Roberts J. The Patient Care Travelling Record

in palliative care: effectiveness and efficiency. 

J Pain Symptom Manage 98;16(1):41-51. 

[Rec#: 4220] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lawlor P, Turner K, Hanson J, and Bruera E. Dose 

ratio between morphine and hydromorphone

in patients with cancer pain: a retrospective 

study. Pain 97;72(1-2):79-85. [Rec#: 4245] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lawlor PG, Nekolaichuk C, Gagnon B, Mancini IL, 

Pereira JL, and Bruera ED. Clinical utility, 

factor analysis, and further validation of the

memorial delirium assessment scale in 

patients with advanced cancer: Assessing

delirium in advanced cancer. Cancer 

2000;88(12):2859-67. [Rec#: 4246] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-31 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Lawlor PG, Gagnon B, Mancini IL, Pereira JL, Hanson 

J, Suarez-Almazor, ME, and Bruera ED. 

Occurrence, causes, and outcome of delirium

in patients with advanced cancer: a

prospective study. Archives of Internal 

Medicine 2000;160(6):786-94. [Rec#: 50538] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lee MA, Brummel-Smith K, Meyer J, Drew N, and 

London MR. Physician orders for lifesustaining treatment (POLST): outcomes in a 

PACE program. Program of All-Inclusive 

Care for the Elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2000;48(10):1219-25. Comment in: J Am

Geriatr Soc. 2000 Oct;48(10):1343-4. PMID: 

11037027. [Rec#: 4290]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Leff B, Kaffenbarger KP, and Remsburg R. 

Prevalence, effectiveness, and predictors of

planning the place of death among older 

persons followed in community-based long

term care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(8):943-

8. [Rec#: 4306] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Levenson JW, McCarthy EP, Lynn J, Davis RB, and 

Phillips RS. The last six months of life for 

patients with congestive heart failure. J Am

Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S101-9. [Rec#: 

4361] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Levin JR, Wenger NS, Ouslander JG, Zellman G, 

Schnelle JF, Buchanan JL, Hirsch SH, and 

Reuben DB. Life-sustaining treatment

decisions for nursing home residents: who

discusses, who decides and what is decided? J 

Am Geriatr Soc 99;47(1):82-7. [Rec#: 41975] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lewis S, Bridge M, Roughton D, Barelds J, Brenton S, 

Cotter S, Hagebols ML, Woolman K, Annells

M, and Koch T. Quality of life issues 

identified by palliative care clients using two 

tools. Contemp Nurse 2002;12(1):31-41.

[Rec#: 4385] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lilly CM, De Meo DL, Sonna LA, Haley KJ, Massaro

AF, Wallace RF, and Cody S. An intensive

communication intervention for the critically 

ill. Am J Med 2000;109(6):469-75. [Rec#:

4424] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lilly CM, Sonna LA, Haley KJ, and Massaro AF. 

Intensive communication: four-year follow-up

from a clinical practice study. Crit Care Med 

2003;31(5 Suppl):S394-9. [Rec#: 4425]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lloyd-Williams M and Payne S. Can multidisciplinary 

guidelines improve the palliation of 

symptoms in the terminal phase of dementia?

Int J Palliat Nurs 2002;8(8):370-5. [Rec#: 

4501] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lloyd-Williams M and Riddleston H. The stability of

depression scores in patients who are 

receiving palliative care. J Pain Symptom

Manage 2002;24(6):593-7. [Rec#: 4503]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lloyd-Williams M. An audit of palliative care in 

dementia. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)

96;5(1):53-5. [Rec#: 4490]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lloyd-Williams M. Screening for depression in

palliative care patients: a review. Eur J Cancer 

Care (Engl) 2001;10(1):31-5. [Rec#: 13136]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lobchuk MM and Vorauer JD. Family caregiver

perspective-taking and accuracy in estimating 

cancer patient symptom experiences. Soc Sci 

Med 2003;57(12):2379-84. [Rec#: 13154] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lockhart LK, Ditto PH, Danks JH, Coppola KM, and

Smucker WD. The stability of older adults’ 

judgments of fates better and worse than

death. Death Stud 2001;25(4):299-317. 

[Rec#: 4521] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Long K, Sudha S, and Mutran EJ. Elder-proxy

agreement concerning the functional status

and medical history of the older person: the 

impact of caregiver burden and depressive

symptomatology. J Am Geriatr Soc 

98;46(9):1103-11. [Rec#: 42038]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-32 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Luthi JC, Lund MJ, Sampietro-Colom L, Kleinbaum

DG, Ballard DJ, and McClellan WM. 

Readmissions and the quality of care in

patients hospitalized with heart failure. Int J 

Qual Health Care 2003;15(5):413-21. [Rec#: 

50064]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lutz S, Norrell R, Bertucio C, Kachnic L, Johnson C,

Arthur D, Schwarz M, and Palardy G.

Symptom frequency and severity in patients 

with metastatic or locally recurrent lung

cancer: a prospective study using the Lung 

Cancer Symptom Scale in a community 

hospital. J Palliat Med 2001;4(2):157-65. 

[Rec#: 4607] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Lynn J, Teno JM, Phillips RS, Wu AW, Desbiens N, 

Harrold J, Claessens MT, Wenger N, Kreling 

B, and Connors AF Jr. Perceptions by family

members of the dying experience of older and

seriously ill patients. SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses 

and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatments. Ann Intern Med 97;126(2):97-

106. Comment in: Ann Intern Med. 1997 Aug 

1;127(3):242-3. PMID: 9245235. Comment

in: Ann Intern Med. 1997 Aug 1;127(3):242; 

author reply 243. PMID: 9245234. Comment

in: Ann Intern Med. 1997 Aug 1;127(3):243. 

PMID: 9245236. Comment in: Ann Intern 

Med. 1. [Rec#: 4628]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Macdonald AJ, Carpenter GI, Box O, Roberts A, and 

Sahu S. Dementia and use of psychotropic 

medication in non-’Elderly Mentally Infirm’ 

nursing homes in South East England. Age 

Ageing 2002;31(1):58-64. [Rec#: 42083] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Macias C, Jones D, Harvey J, Barreira P, Harding C, 

and Rodican C. Bereavement in the context of 

serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv

2004;55(4):421-6. [Rec#: 4653]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Maguire P, Walsh S, Jeacock J, and Kingston R.

Physical and psychological needs of patients 

dying from colo-rectal cancer. Palliat Med

99;13(1):45-50. [Rec#: 4682]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mahoney DF, Tarlow BJ, and Jones RN. Effects of an

automated telephone support system on

caregiver burden and anxiety: findings from

the REACH for TLC intervention study. 

Gerontologist 2003;43(4):556-67. [Rec#:

50919]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mak JM and Clinton M. Promoting a good death: an 

agenda for outcomes research--a review of the 

literature. Nurs Ethics 99;6(2):97-106. [Rec#: 

13351]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Maksoud A, Jahnigen DW, and Skibinski CI. Do not

resuscitate orders and the cost of death. Arch

Intern Med 93;153(10):1249-53. Comment in: 

Arch Intern Med. 1994 Feb 14;154(3):348. 

PMID: 8297204. [Rec#: 4710] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Malacrida R, Bettelini CM, Degrate A, Martinez M, 

Badia F, Piazza J, Vizzardi N, Wullschleger 

R, and Rapin CH. Reasons for dissatisfaction:

a survey of relatives of intensive care patients 

who died. Crit Care Med 98;26(7):1187-93. 

Comment in: Crit Care Med. 1998

Jul;26(7):1150-1. PMID: 9671355. Comment 

in: Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan;28(1):289-90. 

PMID: 10667559. [Rec#: 4712] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Manara AR, Pittman JA, and Braddon FE. Reasons for 

withdrawing treatment in patients receiving 

intensive care. Anaesthesia 98;53(6):523-8. 

[Rec#: 4740] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Manfredi PL, Breuer B, Meier DE, and Libow L. Pain 

assessment in elderly patients with severe 

dementia. J Pain Symptom Manage

2003;25(1):48-52. [Rec#: 33456]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Manfredi PL, Morrison RS, Morris J, Goldhirsch SL, 

Carter JM, and Meier DE. Palliative care 

consultations: how do they impact the care of 

hospitalized patients? J Pain Symptom

Manage 2000;20(3):166-73. [Rec#: 4747]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-33 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Manfredi R, Mastroianni A, Coronado O, and Chiodo

F. Therapeutic and diagnostic procedures in

hospitalized AIDS patients with terminal 

illness. AIDS Care 96;8(3):373-6. [Rec#: 

4748] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Manfredi PL, Breuer B, Wallenstein S, Stegmann M,

Bottomley G, and Libow L. Opioid treatment

for agitation in patients with advanced

dementia. International Journal of Geriatric 

Psychiatry 2003;18(8):700-5. [Rec#: 50584]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Manfredi PL, Chandler S, Pigazzi A, and Payne R. 

Outcome of cancer pain consultations. Cancer 

2000;89(4):920-4. [Rec#: 50585] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mann WC, Ottenbacher KJ, Fraas L, Tomita M, and 

Granger CV. Effectiveness of assistive 

technology and environmental interventions

in maintaining independence and reducing

home care costs for the frail elderly. A 

randomized controlled trial. Arch Fam Med

99;8(3):210-7. Comment in: ACP J Club. 

1999 Nov-Dec;131(3):71. [Rec#: 42117] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mansfield DR, Gollogly NC, Kaye DM, Richardson

M, Bergin P, and Naughton MT. Controlled 

trial of continuous positive airway pressure in

obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure. Am

J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;169(3):361-6. 

Comment in: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 

2004 Feb 1;169(3):329-31. PMID: 14739130. 

[Rec#: 33472]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Marbella AM, Desbiens NA, Mueller-Rizner N, and

Layde PM. Surrogates’ agreement with

patients’ resuscitation preferences: effect of 

age, relationship, and SUPPORT intervention.

Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatment. J Crit Care 98;13(3):140-5. [Rec#:

4767] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mark DH, Bahr J, Duthie EH, and Tresch DD.

Characteristics of residents with do-notresuscitate orders in nursing homes. Arch 

Fam Med 95;4(5):463-7. [Rec#: 42135]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Markowitz JS, Gutterman EM, Sadik K, and 

Papadopoulos G. Health-related quality of life 

for daregivers of patients With Alzheimer 

disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated 

Disorders 2003;17(4):209-214. [Rec#: 50592] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Marrie TJ, Fine MJ, Kapoor WN, Coley CM, Singer

DE, and Obrosky DS. Community-acquired

pneumonia and do not resuscitate orders. J

Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(2):290-9. [Rec#: 

42142]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Martensson J, Dracup K, and Fridlund B. Decisive 

situations influencing spouses’ support of

patients with heart failure: a critical incident

technique analysis. Heart Lung 

2001;30(5):341-50. [Rec#: 33506] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Martensson J, Dracup K, Canary C, and Fridlund B. 

Living with heart failure: depression and

quality of life in patients and spouses. J Heart 

Lung Transplant 2003;22(4):460-7. [Rec#:

33505]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Martikainen P and Valkonen T. Do education and 

income buffer the effects of death of spouse 

on mortality? Epidemiology 98;9(5):530-4. 

[Rec#: 4800] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mattimor TJ, Wenger NS, Desbiens NA, Teno JM, 

Hamel MB, Liu H, Califf R, Connors AF Jr, 

Lynn J, and Oye RK. Surrogate and physician

understanding of patients’ preferences for 

living permanently in a nursing home. Journal

of the American Geriatrics Society 

97;45(7):818-24. [Rec#: 50595] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mausbach BT, Coon DW, Depp C, Rabinowitz YG, 

Wilson-Arias E, Kraemer HC, Thompson 

LW, Lane G, and Gallagher-Thompson D.

Ethnicity and time to institutionalization of

dementia patients: a comparison of latina and

caucasian female family caregivers. J Am

Geriatr Soc 2004;52(7):1077-84. [Rec#: 

50856]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-34 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Mazzocato C, Buclin T, and Rapin CH. The effects of 

morphine on dyspnea and ventilatory function 

in elderly patients with advanced cancer: a

randomized double-blind controlled trial. Ann

Oncol 99;10(12):1511-4. [Rec#: 4881]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McAuley WJ and Travis SS. Advance care planning 

among residents in long-term care. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(5):353-9. 

Comment in: Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2003 

Sep-Oct;20(5):329-30. PMID: 14529032. 

[Rec#: 42193]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McCann RM, Hall WJ, and Groth-Juncker A. Comfort

care for terminally ill patients. The 

appropriate use of nutrition and hydration. 

JAMA 94;272(16):1263-6. Comment in: 

JAMA. 1995 Jun 14;273(22):1736-7. PMID: 

7769756. Comment in: JAMA. 1995 Jun

14;273(22):1736; author reply 1737. PMID: 

7769755. Comment in: JAMA. 1995 Jun

14;273(22):1736; author reply 1737. PMID: 

7632249. Comment in: JAMA. 1995 Jun 14. 

[Rec#: 4900] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McCarthy EP, Burns RB, Davis RB, and Phillips RS. 

Barriers to hospice care among older patients 

dying with lung and colorectal cancer. J Clin 

Oncol 2003;21(4):728-35. [Rec#: 4908]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McCarthy EP, Phillips RS, Zhong Z, Drews RE, and

Lynn J. Dying with cancer: patients’ function, 

symptoms, and care preferences as death 

approaches. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S110-21. [Rec#: 4910] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McCarthy M, Addington-Hall J, and Altmann D. The 

experience of dying with dementia: a 

retrospective study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry

97;12(3):404-9. [Rec#: 4911]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McCarthy M, Hall JA, and Ley M. Communication

and choice in dying from heart disease. J R 

Soc Med 97;90(3):128-31. [Rec#: 13520] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McCarthy M, Lay M, and Addington-Hall J. Dying 

from heart disease. J R Coll Physicians Lond

96;30(4):325-8. [Rec#: 4912]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McClain CS, Rosenfeld B, and Breitbart W. Effect of

spiritual well-being on end-of-life despair in 

terminally-ill cancer patients. Lancet 

2003;361(9369):1603-7. Comment in: Lancet. 

2003 Aug 2;362(9381):408. PMID:

12907029. [Rec#: 4914]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McCormack A, Hunter-Smith D, Piotrowski ZH, Grant 

M, Kubik S, and Kessel K. Analgesic use in

home hospice cancer patients. J Fam Pract 

92;34(2):160-4. [Rec#: 4932]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McCracken LM, Matthews AK, Tang TS, and Cuba 

SL. A comparison of blacks and whites 

seeking treatment for chronic pain. Clinical 

Journal of Pain 2001;17(3):249-55. [Rec#: 

50600]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McCusker J, Cole M, Dendukuri N, Han L, and Belzile 

E. The course of delirium in older medical

inpatients: a prospective study. J Gen Intern 

Med 2003;18(9):696-704. Comment in: J Gen 

Intern Med. 2003 Sep;18(9):770-1. PMID: 

12950488. [Rec#: 33618] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McDaniel KD, Edland SD, and Heyman A. 

Relationship between level of insight and 

severity of dementia in Alzheimer disease. 

CERAD Clinical Investigators. Consortium to

Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease. 

Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 95;9(2):101-4.

[Rec#: 33620]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McDonald DD, Deloge JA, Joslin N, Petow WA, 

Severson JS, Votino R, Shea MD, Drenga JM, 

Brennan MT, Moran AB, and Del Signore E. 

Communicating end-of-life preferences. West

J Nurs Res 2003;25(6):652-66; discussion

667-75. [Rec#: 4943] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McKinley ED, Garrett JM, Evans AT, and Danis M. 

Differences in end-of-life decision making

among black and white ambulatory cancer 

patients. J Gen Intern Med 96;11(11):651-6. 

[Rec#: 5001] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-35 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

McMillan SC and Mahon M. A study of quality of life 

of hospice patients on admission and at week

3. Cancer Nurs 94;17(1):52-60. [Rec#: 5019] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McMillan SC and Mahon M. The impact of hospice 

services on the quality of life of primary 

caregivers. Oncol Nurs Forum 94;21(7):1189-

95. [Rec#: 5017] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McMillan SC and Moody LE. Hospice patient and

caregiver congruence in reporting patients’ 

symptom intensity. Cancer Nurs 

2003;26(2):113-8. [Rec#: 5020]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McNamara P. Opioid switching from morphine to

transdermal fentanyl for toxicity reduction in

palliative care. Palliat Med 2002;16(5):425-

34. [Rec#: 5028] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McParland E, Likourezos A, Chichin E, Castor T, and

Paris BE BE. Stability of preferences 

regarding life-sustaining treatment: a two-year 

prospective study of nursing home residents. 

Mt Sinai J Med 2003;70(2):85-92. [Rec#:

42225]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McQuellon RP, Moose DB, Russell GB, Case LD, 

Greven K, Stevens M, and Shaw EG.

Supportive use of megestrol acetate (Megace) 

with head/neck and lung cancer patients 

receiving radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol 

Biol Phys 2002;52(5):1180-5. [Rec#: 33660] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

McWhinney IR, Bass MJ, and Donner A. Evaluation 

of a palliative care service: problems and 

pitfalls. BMJ 94;309(6965):1340-2. Comment 

in: BMJ. 1994 Nov 19;309(6965):1315-6. 

PMID: 7532500. Comment in: BMJ. 1995 Jan

14;310(6972):125. PMID: 7530537. 

Comment in: BMJ. 1995 Jan 

14;310(6972):125. PMID: 7530536. 

Comment in: BMJ. 1995 Jan 

14;310(6972):125. PMID: 7530535. 

Comment . [Rec#: 13642] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mead GE and Turnbull CJ. Cardiopulmonary 

resuscitation in the elderly: patients’ and

relatives’ views. J Med Ethics 95;21(1):39-44. 

Comment in: J Med Ethics. 1996

Jun;22(3):181-2. PMID: 8798943. [Rec#:

5041] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Melin AL and Bygren LO. Efficacy of the

rehabilitation of elderly primary health care 

patients after short-stay hospital treatment. 

Med Care 92;30(11):1004-15. [Rec#: 42249] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Melltorp G and Nilstun T. Decisions to forego lifesustaining treatment and the duty of

documentation. Intensive Care Med 

96;22(10):1015-9. Comment in: Intensive 

Care Med. 1996 Oct;22(10):1003-5. PMID: 

8923060. [Rec#: 42253] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mercadante S, Casuccio A, and Genovese G. 

Ineffectiveness of dextromethorphan in cancer 

pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 98;16(5):317-

22. [Rec#: 5086] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mercadante S, Casuccio A, Pumo S, and Fulfaro F.

Factors influencing the opioid response in

advanced cancer patients with pain followed 

at home: the effects of age and gender. 

Support Care Cancer 2000;8(2):123-30. 

[Rec#: 5087] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mercadante S, Fulfaro F, and Casuccio A. A 

randomised controlled study on the use of

anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with

cancer pain on morphine therapy: effects on 

dose-escalation and a pharmacoeconomic 

analysis. Eur J Cancer 2002;38(10):1358-63. 

[Rec#: 5092] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mercadante S, Fulfaro F, and Casuccio A. The impact 

of home palliative care on symptoms in

advanced cancer patients. Support Care 

Cancer 2000;8(4):307-10. [Rec#: 5090]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-36 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Mercadante S, Fulfaro F, Casuccio A, and Barresi L.

Investigation of an opioid response

categorization in advanced cancer patients. J

Pain Symptom Manage 99;18(5):347-52. 

[Rec#: 5094] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mercadante S, Girelli D, and Casuccio A. Sleep

disorders in advanced cancer patients:

prevalence and factors associated. Support 

Care Cancer 2004. [Rec#: 5096]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mercadante, S, Villari, P, Ferrera, P, Casuccio, A, and

Fulfaro, F. Rapid titration with intravenous

morphine for severe cancer pain and 

immediate oral conversion. Cancer 

2002;95(1):203-8. [Rec#: 50607] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Merimsky O, Kollender Y, Inbar M, Chaitchik S, and 

Meller I. Palliative major amputation and

quality of life in cancer patients. Acta Oncol 

97;36(2):151-7. [Rec#: 5102]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Meyer HA, Sinnott C, and Seed PT. Depressive 

symptoms in advanced cancer. Part 2. 

Depression over time; the role of the 

palliative care professional. Palliat Med

2003;17(7):604-7. [Rec#: 13718] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mezey M, Kluger M, Maislin G, and Mittelman M. 

Life-sustaining treatment decisions by

spouses of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

J Am Geriatr Soc 96;44(2):144-50. [Rec#: 

42276]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Miceli PJ and Mylod DE. Satisfaction of families using

end-of-life care: current successes and 

challenges in the hospice industry. Am J Hosp 

Palliat Care 2003;20(5):360-70. [Rec#: 5136] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Middelboe T, Ovesen L, Mortensen EL, and Bech P. 

Depressive symptoms in cancer patients 

undergoing chemotherapy: a psychometric

analysis. Psychother Psychosom 94;61(3-

4):171-7. [Rec#: 33742] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Middlewood S, Gardner G, and Gardner A. Dying in 

hospital: medical failure or natural outcome? J 

Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22(6):1035-41. 

[Rec#: 5153] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Miettinen TT, Tilvis RS, Karppi P, and Arve S. Why is 

the pain relief of dying patients often 

unsuccessful? The relatives’ perspectives. 

Palliat Med 98;12(6):429-35. [Rec#: 5155] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Milberg A, Strang P, Carlsson M, and Borjesson S.

Advanced palliative home care: next-of-kin’s 

perspective. J Palliat Med 2003;6(5):749-56. 

[Rec#: 13733]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Miller B and McFall S. The effect of caregiver’s 

burden on change in frail older persons’ use

of formal helpers. J Health Soc Behav 

91;32(2):165-79. [Rec#: 42289] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Miller SC, Mor V, and Teno J. Hospice enrollment and

pain assessment and management in nursing

homes. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;26(3):791-9. [Rec#: 5181]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Miller SC, Mor V, Wu N, Gozalo P, and Lapane K. 

Does receipt of hospice care in nursing homes 

improve the management of pain at the end of

life? J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50(3):507-15. 

[Rec#: 5182] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Minagawa H, Uchitomi Y, Yamawaki S, and Ishitani

K. Psychiatric morbidity in terminally ill 

cancer patients. A prospective study. Cancer

96;78(5):1131-7. Comment in: Cancer. 1997 

May 1;79(9):1848-50. PMID: 9129008. 

[Rec#: 5197] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mirotznik J. Does cognitive status moderate the health

effects of single-person room transfers on 

nursing home residents? Gerontologist

2002;42(5):634-42. [Rec#: 50077] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-37 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Mitchell SL, Buchanan JL, Littlehale S, and Hamel 

MB. Tube-feeding versus hand-feeding 

nursing home residents with advanced

dementia: a cost comparison. J Am Med Dir 

Assoc 2004;5(2 Suppl):S22-9. [Rec#: 33780] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, and Hamel MB. Dying with 

advanced dementia in the nursing home. Arch

Intern Med 2004;164(3):321-6. [Rec#: 5221] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, and Gillick MR. Nursing home

characteristics associated with tube feeding in

advanced cognitive impairment. Journal of the 

American Geriatrics Society 2003;51(1):75-9.

[Rec#: 50613]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mitchell SL, Kiely DK, and Lipsitz LA. The risk

factors and impact on survival of feeding tube

placement in nursing home residents with 

severe cognitive impairment. Archives of 

Internal Medicine 97;157(3):327-32. [Rec#:

50615]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Moadel A, Morgan C, Fatone A, Grennan J, Carter J,

Laruffa G, Skummy A, and Dutcher J.

Seeking meaning and hope: self-reported

spiritual and existential needs among an

ethnically-diverse cancer patient population.

Psycho-Oncology 99;8(5):378-85. [Rec#:

50616]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mogielnicki RP, Nelson WA, and Dulac J. A study of

the dying process in elderly hospitalized

males. J Cancer Educ 90;5(2):135-45. [Rec#:

5246] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Molloy DW, Guyatt GH, Russo R, Goeree R, O’Brien 

BJ, Bedard M, Willan A, Watson J, Patterson

C, Harrison C, Standish T, Strang D, Darzins 

PJ, Smith S, and Dubois S. Systematic 

implementation of an advance directive

program in nursing homes: a randomized

controlled trial. JAMA 2000;283(11):1437-

44. [Rec#: 50889]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Montazeri A, Milroy R, Hole D, McEwen J, and Gillis 

CR. Anxiety and depression in patients with

lung cancer before and after diagnosis: 

findings from a population in Glasgow, 

Scotland. J Epidemiol Community Health

98;52(3):203-4. [Rec#: 33819] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Monteleoni C and Clark E. Using rapid-cycle quality 

improvement methodology to reduce feeding 

tubes in patients with advanced dementia:

before and after study. BMJ 

2004;329(7464):491-4. [Rec#: 50912] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Moody LE and McMillan S. Dyspnea and quality of

life indicators in hospice patients and their 

caregivers. Health Qual Life Outcomes 

2003;1(1):9. [Rec#: 5277]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mor V, Intrator O, Fries BE, Phillips C, Teno J, Hiris 

J, Hawes C, and Morris J. Changes in 

hospitalization associated with introducing

the Resident Assessment Instrument. J Am

Geriatr Soc 97;45(8):1002-10. Comment in: J 

Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Aug;45(8):1025-6. 

PMID: 9256858. Comment in: J Am Geriatr 

Soc. 1997 Aug;45(8):1027-8. PMID: 

9256859. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 

1997 Aug;45(8):975-6. PMID: 9256851. 

[Rec#: 42330]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Morita T, Hirai K, Sakaguchi Y, Tsuneto S, and Shima 

Y. Family-perceived distress from deliriumrelated symptoms of terminally ill cancer 

patients. Psychosomatics 2004;45(2):107-13. 

[Rec#: 5322] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Morita T, Tei Y, and Inoue S. Impaired

communication capacity and agitated delirium

in the final week of terminally ill cancer 

patients: prevalence and identification of

research focus. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;26(3):827-34. [Rec#: 5329] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-38 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Morita T, Tei Y, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, and Chihara S. 

Increased plasma morphine metabolites in

terminally ill cancer patients with delirium: an

intra-individual comparison. J Pain Symptom

Manage 2002;23(2):107-13. Comment in: J 

Pain Symptom Manage. 2002 Sep;24(3):273; 

author reply 273-4. PMID: 12458096. [Rec#: 

5333] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, and Chihara S.

Contributing factors to physical symptoms in

terminally-ill cancer patients. J Pain Symptom

Manage 99;18(5):338-46. [Rec#: 5335]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Morita T, Tsunoda J, Inoue S, Chihara S, and Oka K.

Communication Capacity Scale and Agitation

Distress Scale to measure the severity of 

delirium in terminally ill cancer patients: a 

validation study. Palliat Med 2001;15(3):197-

206. [Rec#: 5344]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Moss MS, Lawton MP, and Glicksman A. The role of

pain in the last year of life of older persons. J 

Gerontol 91;46(2):P51-7. [Rec#: 42355]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mouton C, Teno JM, Mor V, and Piette J. 

Communication of preferences for care 

among human immunodeficiency virusinfected patients. Barriers to informed

decisions? Arch Fam Med 97;6(4):342-7.

[Rec#: 5387] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Muers MF and Round CE. Palliation of symptoms in

non-small cell lung cancer: a study by the 

Yorkshire Regional Cancer Organisation 

Thoracic Group. Thorax 93;48(4):339-43. 

[Rec#: 5394] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Munn B and Worobec F. Data collection as the first 

step in program development: the experience 

of a chronic care palliative unit. J Palliat Care 

97;13(2):39-42. [Rec#: 5410]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Murberg TA, Bru E, Aarsland T, and Svebak S. Social 

support, social disability and their role as 

predictors of depression among patients with

congestive heart failure. Scand J Soc Med 

98;26(2):87-95. [Rec#: 33917] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Murphy K, Hanrahan P, and Luchins D. A survey of

grief and bereavement in nursing homes: the 

importance of hospice grief and bereavement

for the end-stage Alzheimer’s disease patient

and family. J Am Geriatr Soc 97;45(9):1104-

7. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 

Sep;45(9):1147-9. PMID: 9288027. [Rec#: 

13938]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Musgrave CF, Bartal N, and Opstad J. The sensation of

thirst in dying patients receiving i.v. 

hydration. J Palliat Care 95;11(4):17-21. 

[Rec#: 5450] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mutran EJ, Danis M, Bratton KA, Sudha S, and 

Hanson L. Attitudes of the critically ill toward

prolonging life: the role of social support. 

Gerontologist 97;37(2):192-9. [Rec#: 5453]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Mystakidou K, Parpa E, Tsilika E, Kalaidopoulou O, 

and Vlahos L. The families evaluation on 

management, care and disclosure for terminal

stage cancer patients. BMC Palliat Care 

2002;1(1):3. [Rec#: 5460]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Nekolaichuk CL, Maguire TO, Suarez-Almazor M, 

Rogers WT, and Bruera E. Assessing the

reliability of patient, nurse, and family 

caregiver symptom ratings in hospitalized

advanced cancer patients. J Clin Oncol

99;17(11):3621-30. [Rec#: 5510]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Nelson CJ, Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W, and Galietta M. 

Spirituality, religion, and depression in the 

terminally ill. Psychosomatics 

2002;43(3):213-20. [Rec#: 5512] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Nelson KA, Glare PA, Walsh D, and Groh ES. A 

prospective, within-patient, crossover study of

continuous intravenous and subcutaneous

morphine for chronic cancer pain. J Pain

Symptom Manage 97;13(5):262-7. [Rec#:

5516] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Newton M, Bell D, Lambert S, and Fearing A. 

Concerns of hospice patient caregivers. 

ABNF J 2002;13(6):140-4. [Rec#: 5549]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-39 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Ng K and von Gunten CF. Symptoms and attitudes of 

100 consecutive patients admitted to an acute

hospice/palliative care unit. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 98;16(5):307-16. [Rec#: 5552]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ngo-Metzger Q, McCarthy EP, Burns RB, Davis RB, 

Li FP, and Phillips RS. Older Asian 

Americans and Pacific Islanders dying of 

cancer use hospice less frequently than older 

white patients. Am J Med 2003;115(1):47-53. 

[Rec#: 5554] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Nolan MT. Could lack of clarity in written advance 

directives contribute to their ineffectiveness?

A study of the content of written advance 

directives. Appl Nurs Res 2003;16(1):65-9.

[Rec#: 5587] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Nordgren L and Sorensen S. Symptoms experienced in 

the last six months of life in patients with endstage heart failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 

2003;2(3):213-7. [Rec#: 5603] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Northouse LL, Dorris G, and Charron-Moore C. 

Factors affecting couples’ adjustment to

recurrent breast cancer. Social Science & 

Medicine 95;41(1):69-76. [Rec#: 50646]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Norton LE, Malloy PF, and Salloway S. The impact of 

behavioral symptoms on activities of daily 

living in patients with dementia. Am J Geriatr 

Psychiatry 2001;9(1):41-8. [Rec#: 34082] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Nourhashemi F, Andrieu S, Sastres N, Ducasse JL, 

Lauque D, Sinclair AJ, Albarede JL, and

Vellas BJ. Descriptive analysis of emergency

hospital admissions of patients with

Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc 

Disord 2001;15(1):21-5. [Rec#: 50082] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Nowels D and Lee JT. Cancer pain management in

home hospice settings: a comparison of

primary care and oncologic physicians. J 

Palliat Care 99;15(3):5-9. [Rec#: 5622]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

O’Brien LA, Grisso JA, Maislin G, LaPann K, Krotki

KP, Greco PJ, Siegert EA, and Evans LK. 

Nursing home residents’ preferences for lifesustaining treatments. JAMA

95;274(22):1775-9. [Rec#: 50649] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

O’Connell LJ. Changing the culture of dying. A new 

awakening of spirituality in America 

heightens sensitivity to needs of dying

persons. Health Prog 96;77(6):16-20. [Rec#:

14115]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Oneschuk D, Hanson J, and Bruera E. A survey of

mouth pain and dryness in patients with

advanced cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer

2000;8(5):372-6. [Rec#: 50654] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Owen A and Croucher L. Effect of an exercise

programme for elderly patients with heart

failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2000;2(1):65-70.

[Rec#: 34210]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pace JC and Stables JL. Correlates of spiritual wellbeing in terminally ill persons with AIDS and 

terminally ill persons with cancer. J Assoc 

Nurses AIDS Care 97;8(6):31-42. [Rec#: 

5791] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Paris BE, Carrion VG, Meditch JS Jr, Capello CF, and 

Mulvihill MN. Roadblocks to do-notresuscitate orders. A study in policy 

implementation. Arch Intern Med

93;153(14):1689-95. Comment in: Arch

Intern Med. 1993 Jul 26;153(14):1641-8. 

PMID: 8333801. [Rec#: 5833] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Parshall MB, Welsh JD, Brockopp DY, Heiser RM, 

Schooler MP, and Cassidy KB. Dyspnea

duration, distress, and intensity in emergency 

department visits for heart failure. Heart Lung

2001;30(1):47-56. [Rec#: 34266]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Passik SD, Kirsh KL, Rosenfeld B, McDonald MV,

and Theobald DE. The changeable nature of 

patients’ fears regarding chemotherapy:

implications for palliative care. J Pain

Symptom Manage 2001;21(2):113-20. [Rec#:

5864] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-40 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Patrick DL, Pearlman RA, Starks HE, Cain KC, Cole 

WG, and Uhlmann RF. Validation of

preferences for life-sustaining treatment: 

implications for advance care planning. Ann

Intern Med 97;127(7):509-17. [Rec#: 5877]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Payne JL, Sheppard JM, Steinberg M, Warren A, 

Baker A, Steele C, Brandt J, and Lyketsos 

CG. Incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of 

depression in residents of a long-term care 

facility with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2002;17(3):247-53. [Rec#: 34296] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Payne S, Hillier R, Langley-Evans A, and Roberts T. 

Impact of witnessing death on hospice 

patients. Soc Sci Med 96;43(12):1785-94.

[Rec#: 5900] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Payne S, Smith P, and Dean S. Identifying the 

concerns of informal carers in palliative care. 

Palliat Med 99;13(1):37-44. [Rec#: 5901]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Payne SA. A study of quality of life in cancer patients 

receiving palliative chemotherapy. Soc Sci 

Med 92;35(12):1505-9. [Rec#: 5903]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pearson IY, Bazeley P, Spencer-Plane T, Chapman JR, 

and Robertson P. A survey of families of 

brain dead patients: their experiences, 

attitudes to organ donation and

transplantation. Anaesth Intensive Care 

95;23(1):88-95. [Rec#: 5910]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pekmezaris R, Breuer L, Zaballero A, Wolf-Klein G, 

Jadoon E, D’Olimpio JT, Guzik H, Foley CJ,

Weiner J, and Chan S. Predictors of site of 

death of end-of-life patients: the importance 

of specificity in advance directives. J Palliat 

Med 2004;7(1):9-17. [Rec#: 5923]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pelletier-Hibbert M and Sohi P. Sources of uncertainty 

and coping strategies used by family members 

of individuals living with end stage renal

disease. Nephrol Nurs J 2001;28(4):411-7, 

419; discussion 418-9. [Rec#: 5926] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pereira J, Hanson J, and Bruera E. The frequency and 

clinical course of cognitive impairment in

patients with terminal cancer. Cancer 

97;79(4):835-42. [Rec#: 5946] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pereira J, Watanabe S, and Wolch G. A retrospective 

review of the frequency of infections and 

patterns of antibiotic utilization on a palliative 

care unit. J Pain Symptom Manage

98;16(6):374-81. [Rec#: 5947] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Perkins HS, Geppert CM, Gonzales A, Cortez JD, and 

Hazuda HP. Cross-cultural similarities and 

differences in attitudes about advance care 

planning. J Gen Intern Med 2002;17(1):48-57. 

[Rec#: 5956] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Peruselli C, Di Giulio P, Toscani F, Gallucci M, 

Brunelli C, Costantini M, Tamburini M, Paci 

E, Miccinesi G, Addington-Hall JM, and 

Higginson IJ. Home palliative care for 

terminal cancer patients: a survey on the final 

week of life. Palliat Med 99;13(3):233-41. 

[Rec#: 5970] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Peruselli C, Paci E, Franceschi P, Legori T, and 

Mannucci F. Outcome evaluation in a home

palliative care service. J Pain Symptom

Manage 97;13(3):158-65. [Rec#: 5971]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pfeifer MP, Mitchell CK, and Chamberlain L. The 

value of disease severity in predicting patient 

readiness to address end-of-life issues. Arch

Intern Med 2003;163(5):609-12. [Rec#: 6002] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Philbin EF, Rocco TA, Lindenmuth NW, Ulrich K, 

McCall M, and Jenkins PL. The results of a 

randomized trial of a quality improvement

intervention in the care of patients with heart 

failure. The MISCHF Study Investigators. 

Am J Med 2000;109(6):443-9. Comment in: 

Am J Med. 2000 Oct 15;109(6):501-3. PMID:

11042244. [Rec#: 34368] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-41 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Phillips RS, Hamel MB, Teno JM, Soukup J, Lynn J, 

Califf R, Vidaillet H, Davis RB, Bellamy P, 

and Goldman L. Patient race and decisions to 

withhold or withdraw life-sustaining

treatments for seriously ill hospitalized adults. 

SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand

Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and 

Risks of Treatments. American Journal of 

Medicine 2000;108(1):14-9. [Rec#: 50672] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Phipps E, True G, Harris D, Chong U, Tester W,

Chavin SI, and Braitman LE. Approaching 

the end of life: attitudes, preferences, and 

behaviors of African-American and white

patients and their family caregivers. J Clin

Oncol 2003;21(3):549-54. [Rec#: 6014]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pietersma P, Follett-Bick S, Wilkinson B, Guebert N, 

Fisher K, and Pereira J. A bedside food cart as 

an alternate food service for acute and 

palliative oncological patients. Support Care 

Cancer 2003;11(9):611-4. [Rec#: 14452] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pijnenborg L, van der Maas PJ, Kardaun JW, Glerum

JJ, van Delden JJ, and Looman CW. 

Withdrawal or withholding of treatment at the 

end of life. Results of a nationwide study. 

Arch Intern Med 95;155(3):286-92. [Rec#:

6028] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Porock D, Oliver DP, Zweig SC, Rantz M, and 

Petroski GF. A profile of residents admitted

to long-term care facilities for end-of-life 

care. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003;4(1):16-22. 

[Rec#: 14520]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Portenoy RK, Miransky J, Thaler HT, Hornung J, 

Bianchi C, Cibas-Kong I, Feldhamer E, Lewis 

F, Matamoros I, Sugar MZ, and et al. Pain in

ambulatory patients with lung or colon 

cancer. Prevalence, characteristics, and effect. 

Cancer 92;70(6):1616-24. [Rec#: 34455] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Portenoy RK, Thaler HT, Kornblith AB, Lepore JM, 

Friedlander-Klar H, Coyle N, Smart-Curley 

T, Kemeny N, Norton L, and Hoskins W. 

Symptom prevalence, characteristics and 

distress in a cancer population. Quality of

Life Research 94;3(3):183-9. [Rec#: 50679]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Porter LS, Keefe FJ, McBride CM, Pollak K, Fish L, 

and Garst J. Perceptions of patients’ selfefficacy for managing pain and lung cancer 

symptoms: correspondence between patients 

and family caregivers. Pain 2002;98(1-2):169-

78. [Rec#: 6088] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Potkins D, Bradley S, Shrimanker J, O’Brien J, Swann 

A, and Ballard C. End of life treatment

decisions in people with dementia: carers’ 

views and the factors which influence them. 

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15(11):1005-8. 

[Rec#: 6099] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Potter J, Hami F, Bryan T, and Quigley C. Symptoms

in 400 patients referred to palliative care 

services: prevalence and patterns. Palliat Med

2003;17(4):310-4. Comment in: Palliat Med.

2003 Dec;17(8):723-4. PMID: 14694928. 

Comment in: Palliat Med. 2004 Jan;18(1):75-

6. PMID: 14982215. [Rec#: 6102] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Powazki RD and Walsh D. Acute care palliative 

medicine: psychosocial assessment of patients 

and primary caregivers. Palliat Med

99;13(5):367-74. Erratum in: Palliat Med

2000 Mar;14(2):168. [Rec#: 6110] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Powazki RD and Walsh D. Family distress in palliative 

medicine: a pilot study of the family APGAR

scale. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 

2002;19(6):392-6. [Rec#: 6111]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Pratheepawanit N, Salek MS, and Finlay IG. The

applicability of quality-of-life assessment in

palliative care: comparing two quality-of-life 

measures. Palliat Med 99;13(4):325-34. 

[Rec#: 6126] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Prigerson HG, Cherlin E, Chen JH, Kasl SV, Hurzeler 

R, and Bradley EH. The Stressful Caregiving 

Adult Reactions to Experiences of Dying 

(SCARED) Scale: a measure for assessing 

caregiver exposure to distress in terminal 

care. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 

2003;11(3):309-19. [Rec#: 6143] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-42 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Pronzato P, Bertelli G, Losardo P, and Landucci M. 

What do advanced cancer patients know of 

their disease? A report from Italy. Support 

Care Cancer 94;2(4):242-4. [Rec#: 6162]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Quirt CF, Mackillop WJ, Ginsburg AD, Sheldon L,

Brundage M, Dixon P, and Ginsburg L. Do

doctors know when their patients don’t? A 

survey of doctor-patient communication in

lung cancer. Lung Cancer 97;18(1):1-20. 

[Rec#: 34546]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rabow MW, Dibble SL, Pantilat SZ, and McPhee SJ. 

The comprehensive care team: a controlled 

trial of outpatient palliative medicine

consultation. Arch Intern Med 

2004;164(1):83-91. [Rec#: 6208] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rabow MW, Petersen J, Schanche K, Dibble SL, and 

McPhee SJ. The comprehensive care team: a

description of a controlled trial of care at the 

beginning of the end of life. J Palliat Med

2003;6(3):489-99. [Rec#: 6211] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Radbruch L, Sabatowski R, Elsner F, Loick G, and 

Kohnen N. Patients’ associations with regard 

to analgesic drugs and their forms for 

application—a pilot study. Supportive Care in

Cancer 2002;10(6):480-5. [Rec#: 50689] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Raftery JP, Addington-Hall JM, MacDonald LD, 

Anderson HR, Bland JM, Chamberlain J, and

Freeling P. A randomized controlled trial of

the cost-effectiveness of a district coordinating service for terminally ill cancer 

patients. Palliat Med 96;10(2):151-61. [Rec#: 

6221] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ramsay A. Care of cancer patients in a home-based 

hospice program: a comparison of oncologists 

and primary care physicians. J Fam Pract 

92;34(2):170-4. [Rec#: 6245]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ratner E, Norlander L, and McSteen K. Death at home

following a targeted advance-care planning 

process at home: the kitchen table discussion. 

J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(6):778-81. 

Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 

Jun;49(6):833-4. PMID: 11454127. [Rec#: 

6278] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Redinbaugh EM, Baum A, Tarbell S, and Arnold R. 

End-of-life caregiving: what helps family

caregivers cope? J Palliat Med 2003;6(6):901-

9. [Rec#: 6308] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Resnick B and Andrews C. End-of-life treatment

preferences among older adults: a nurse 

practitioner initiated intervention. J Am Acad

Nurse Pract 2002;14(11):517-22. [Rec#: 

6369] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Reynolds K, Henderson M, Schulman A, and Hanson

LC. Needs of the dying in nursing homes. J 

Palliat Med 2002;5(6):895-901. [Rec#: 6379] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Riegel B, Carlson B, Kopp Z, LePetri B, Glaser D, and

Unger A. Effect of a standardized nurse casemanagement telephone intervention on

resource use in patients with chronic heart

failure. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(6):705-12.

Comment in: Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 

14;162(18):2142-3; author reply 2143. PMID: 

12374530. [Rec#: 34682] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ringdal GI, Jordhoy MS, and Kaasa S. Family 

satisfaction with end-of-life care for cancer 

patients in a cluster randomized trial. J Pain

Symptom Manage 2002;24(1):53-63. [Rec#:

6433] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ringdal GI, Ringdal K, Jordhoy MS, Ahlner-Elmqvist

M, Jannert M, and Kaasa S. Health-related 

quality of life (HRQOL) in family members 

of cancer victims: results from a longitudinal 

intervention study in Norway and Sweden. 

Palliat Med 2004;18(2):108-20. [Rec#: 6437] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-43 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Roberts JA, Brown D, Elkins T, and Larson DB. 

Factors influencing views of patients with

gynecologic cancer about end-of-life 

decisions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 97;176(1 Pt 

1):166-72. [Rec#: 6456]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rogers A, Karlsen S, and Addington-Hall J. ‘All the 

services were excellent. It is when the human 

element comes in that things go wrong’:

dissatisfaction with hospital care in the last 

year of life. J Adv Nurs 2000;31(4):768-74. 

[Rec#: 14826]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rogers JC, Holm MB, Burgio LD, Granieri E, Hsu C,

Hardin JM, and McDowell BJ. Improving

morning care routines of nursing home

residents with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 

99;47(9):1049-57. Comment in: J Am Geriatr 

Soc. 1999 Sep;47(9):1151-2. PMID: 

10484262. [Rec#: 34752] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Roglieri JL, Futterman R, McDonough KL, Malya G, 

Karwath KR, Bowman D, Skelly J, and 

Warburton SW Jr. Disease management

interventions to improve outcomes in

congestive heart failure. Am J Manag Care 

97;3(12):1831-9. [Rec#: 50093] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rohrbaugh MJ, Cranford JA, Shoham V, Nicklas JM, 

Sonnega JS, and Coyne JC. Couples coping

with congestive heart failure: role and gender 

differences in psychological distress. J Fam

Psychol 2002;16(1):3-13. [Rec#: 34761] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rokach A. Terminal illness and coping with loneliness. 

J Psychol 2000;134(3):283-96. [Rec#: 6495]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rose JH, O’Toole EE, Dawson NV, Thomas C, 

Connors AF Jr, Wenger N, Phillips RS, 

Hamel MB, Reding DT, Cohen HJ, and Lynn

J. Generalists and oncologists show similar 

care practices and outcomes for hospitalized

late-stage cancer patients. SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses 

and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks for 

Treatment. Med Care 2000;38(11):1103-18.

[Rec#: 6506] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W, McDonald MV, Passik SD, 

Thaler H, and Portenoy RK. Pain in 

ambulatory AIDS patients. II: Impact of pain

on psychological functioning and quality of

life. Pain 96;68(2-3):323-8. [Rec#: 50708] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rothenbacher D, Lutz MP, and Porzsolt F. Treatment

decisions in palliative cancer care: patients’ 

preferences for involvement and doctors’

knowledge about it. Eur J Cancer

97;33(8):1184-9. Comment in: Eur J Cancer.

1997 Jul;33(8):1169-70. PMID: 9301436. 

[Rec#: 6543] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rovner BW, Steele CD, Shmuely Y, and Folstein MF. 

A randomized trial of dementia care in 

nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 96;44(1):7-

13. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 

Jan;44(1):91-2. PMID: 8537599. Comment

in: J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Oct;44(10):1277-

8. PMID: 8856018. [Rec#: 34801] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rubin SM, Strull WM, Fialkow MF, Weiss SJ, and Lo

B. Increasing the completion of the durable 

power of attorney for health care. A 

randomized, controlled trial. JAMA 

94;271(3):209-12. [Rec#: 50913]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rumsfeld JS, Havranek E, Masoudi FA, Peterson ED, 

Jones P, Tooley JF, Krumholz HM, Spertus 

JA, and Cardiovascular Outcomes Research 

Consortium. Depressive symptoms are the 

strongest predictors of short-term declines in 

health status in patients with heart failure. J 

Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42(10):1811-7. [Rec#: 

34822]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Rutecki GW, Rodriguez L, Cugino A, Jarjoura D,

Hastings F, and Whittier FC. End of life 

issues in ESRD. A study of three decision 

variables that affect patient attitudes. ASAIO 

J 94;40(3):M798-802. [Rec#: 6600] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sahlberg-Blom E, Ternestedt BM, and Johansson JE. 

Is good ‘quality of life’ possible at the end of 

life? An explorative study of the experiences

of a group of cancer patients in two different

care cultures. J Clin Nurs 2001;10(4):550-62. 

[Rec#: 6629] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-44 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Santa-Emma PH, Roach R, Gill MA, Spayde P, and

Taylor RM. Development and implementation 

of an inpatient acute palliative care service. 

Journal of Palliative Medicine 2002;5(1):93-

100. [Rec#: 50717]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sapir R, Catane R, Kaufman B, Isacson R, Segal A, 

Wein S, and Cherny NI. Cancer patient

expectations of and communication with

oncologists and oncology nurses: the 

experience of an integrated oncology and 

palliative care service. Support Care Cancer 

2000;8(6):458-63. Comment in: Support Care 

Cancer. 2000 Nov;8(6):437-8. PMID: 

11094986. [Rec#: 6690]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sarna L. Effectiveness of structured nursing 

assessment of symptom distress in advanced

lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum

98;25(6):1041-8. [Rec#: 34893] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sarna L. Women with lung cancer: impact on quality 

of life. Qual Life Res 93;2(1):13-22. [Rec#: 

34896]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Schiff GD, Fung S, Speroff T, and McNutt RA. 

Decompensated heart failure: symptoms, 

patterns of onset, and contributing factors.

Am J Med 2003;114(8):625-30. Comment in: 

Am J Med. 2003 Jun 1;114(8):695-6. PMID:

12798459. [Rec#: 34959] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Schneiderman LJ, Pearlman RA, Kaplan RM, 

Anderson JP, and Rosenberg EM. 

Relationship of general advance directive

instructions to specific life-sustaining

treatment preferences in patients with serious 

illness. Arch Intern Med 92;152(10):2114-22. 

[Rec#: 6779] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, and Teetzel HD. Impact 

of ethics consultations in the intensive care 

setting: a randomized, controlled trial. Critical 

Care Medicine 2000;28(12):3920-4. [Rec#:

50723]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Schneiderman LJ, Gilmer T, Teetzel HD, Dugan DO, 

Blustein J, Cranford R, Briggs KB, Komatsu

GI, Goodman-Crews P, Cohn F, and Young

EW. Effect of ethics consultations on

nonbeneficial life-sustaining treatments in the 

intensive care setting: a randomized

controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290(9):1166-72. 

[Rec#: 50724]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Schofield P and Payne S. A pilot study into the use of a 

multisensory environment (Snoezelen) within 

a palliative day-care setting. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2003;9(3):124-30. Erratum in: Int J Palliat 

Nurs. 2003 Apr;9(4):178. [Rec#: 6786]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Schulz R, Beach SR, Lind B, Martire LM, Zdaniuk B, 

Hirsch C, Jackson S, and Burton L. 

Involvement in caregiving and adjustment to

death of a spouse: findings from the caregiver

health effects study. JAMA

2001;285(24):3123-9. [Rec#: 6820] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Schulz R, Mendelsohn AB, Haley WE, Mahoney D,

Allen RS, Zhang S, Thompson L, Belle SH, 

and Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s 

Caregiver Health Investigators. End-of-life 

care and the effects of bereavement on family 

caregivers of persons with dementia. N Engl J 

Med 2003;349(20):1936-42. Comment in: N 

Engl J Med. 2003 Nov 13;349(20):1891-2. 

PMID: 14614164. Comment in: N Engl J 

Med. 2004 Feb 12;350(7):733-4; author reply 

733-4. PMID: 14960754. [Rec#: 6823]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Schwartz CE, Mazor K, Rogers J, Ma Y, and Reed G. 

Validation of a new measure of concept of a

good death. J Palliat Med 2003;6(4):575-84. 

[Rec#: 6841] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Schwartz CE, Wheeler HB, Hammes B, Basque N,

Edmunds J, Reed G, Ma Y, Li L, Tabloski P,

Yanko J, and UMass End-of-Life Working 

Group. Early intervention in planning end-oflife care with ambulatory geriatric patients: 

results of a pilot trial. Arch Intern Med 

2002;162(14):1611-8. [Rec#: 6842] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-45 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Schwarz KA and Dunphy G. An examination of

perceived stress in family caregivers of older 

adults with heart failure. Exp Aging Res 

2003;29(2):221-35. [Rec#: 35004] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Scott G. A study of family carers of people with a lifethreatening illness. 2: Implications of the 

needs assessment. Int J Palliat Nurs 

2001;7(7):323-30. [Rec#: 6864] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Scott HR, McMillan DC, Brown DJ, Forrest LM, 

McArdle CS, and Milroy R. A prospective 

study of the impact of weight loss and the 

systemic inflammatory response on quality of

life in patients with inoperable non-small cell 

lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2003;40(3):295-9. 

[Rec#: 35010]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Seale C, Addington-Hall J, and McCarthy M.

Awareness of dying: prevalence, causes and 

consequences. Soc Sci Med 97;45(3):477-84. 

[Rec#: 6876] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Seale C. Communication and awareness about death: a 

study of a random sample of dying people. 

Soc Sci Med 91;32(8):943-52. [Rec#: 15124] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Seamark DA, Thorne CP, Lawrence C, and Gray DJ. 

Appropriate place of death for cancer patients: 

views of general practitioners and hospital 

doctors. Br J Gen Pract 95;45(396):359-63.

Comment in: Br J Gen Pract. 1995

Nov;45(400):630-1. PMID: 8554847. [Rec#: 

15133]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Seamark DA, Williams S, Hall M, Lawrence CJ, and 

Gilbert J. Dying from cancer in community 

hospitals or a hospice: closest lay carers’ 

perceptions. Br J Gen Pract 98;48(431):1317-

21. [Rec#: 15134]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sela RA, Bruera E, Conner-spady B, Cumming C, and

Walker C. Sensory and affective dimensions

of advanced cancer pain. Psychooncology 

2002;11(1):23-34. [Rec#: 6899]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Selwyn PA, Rivard M, Kappell D, Goeren B, LaFosse 

H, Schwartz C, Caraballo R, Luciano D, and 

Post LF. Palliative care for AIDS at a large 

urban teaching hospital: program description 

and preliminary outcomes. J Palliat Med

2003;6(3):461-74. [Rec#: 6907] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Seward E, Greig E, Preston S, Harris RA, Borrill Z, 

Wardle TD, Burnham R, Driscoll P, Harrison 

BD, Lowe DC, and Pearson MG. A 

confidential study of deaths after emergency

medical admission: issues relating to quality 

of care. Clinical Medicine 2003;3(5):425-34. 

[Rec#: 50730]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Seymour J, Ingleton C, Payne S, and Beddow V.

Specialist palliative care: patients’ 

experiences. J Adv Nurs 2003;44(1):24-33. 

[Rec#: 15175]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Seymour J. Technology and “natural death”: a study of 

older people. Z Gerontol Geriatr 

2003;36(5):339-46. [Rec#: 6934] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sherr L, Hedge B, Steinhart K, Davey T, and Petrack J.

Unique patterns of bereavement in HIV:

implications for counselling. Genitourin Med

92;68(6):378-81. [Rec#: 7001] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sikkema KJ, Kalichman SC, Hoffmann R, Koob JJ, 

Kelly JA, and Heckman TG. Coping

strategies and emotional wellbeing among

HIV-infected men and women experiencing

AIDS-related bereavement. AIDS Care

2000;12(5):613-24. [Rec#: 7067] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Silveira MJ, DiPiero A, Gerrity MS, and Feudtner C. 

Patients’ knowledge of options at the end of 

life: ignorance in the face of death. JAMA 

2000;284(19):2483-2488. [Rec#: 50737] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Silvestri GA, Knittig S, Zoller JS, and Nietert PJ. 

Importance of faith on medical decisions 

regarding cancer care. J Clin Oncol 

2003;21(7):1379-82. [Rec#: 35151]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-46 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Simmons SF, Ferrell BA, and Schnelle JF. Effects of a 

controlled exercise trial on pain in nursing

home residents. Clin J Pain 2002;18(6):380-5. 

[Rec#: 7089] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Singer PA, Martin DK, Lavery JV, Thiel EC, Kelner

M, and Mendelssohn DC. Reconceptualizing 

advance care planning from the patient’s 

perspective. Arch Intern Med 98;158(8):879-

84. [Rec#: 7109] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sittl, R, Griessinger, N, and Likar, R. Analgesic 

efficacy and tolerability of transdermal 

buprenorphine in patients with inadequately 

controlled chronic pain related to cancer and 

other disorders: a multicenter, randomized, 

double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 

Clinical Therapeutics 2003;25(1):150-68. 

[Rec#: 50740]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smedira NG, Evans BH, Grais LS, Cohen NH, Lo B, 

Cooke M, Schecter WP, Fink C, Epstein-Jaffe 

E, May C, and et al. Withholding and 

withdrawal of life support from the critically

ill. N Engl J Med 90;322(5):309-15. 

Comment in: N Engl J Med. 1990 Jun

28;322(26):1891-2. PMID: 2348849. [Rec#: 

43148]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smeenk FW, de Witte LP, Nooyen IW, and Crebolder 

HF. Effects of transmural care on 

coordination and continuity of care. Patient

Educ Couns 2000;41(1):73-81. [Rec#: 7154]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smeenk FW, de Witte LP, van Haastregt JC, Schipper 

RM, Biezemans HP, and Crebolder HF. 

Transmural care of terminal cancer patients: 

effects on the quality of life of direct 

caregivers. Nurs Res 98;47(3):129-36. [Rec#:

7156] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smeenk FW, de Witte LP, van Haastregt JC, Schipper 

RM, Biezemans HP, and Crebolder HF. 

Transmural care. A new approach in the care 

for terminal cancer patients: its effects on rehospitalization and quality of life. Patient

Educ Couns 98;35(3):189-99. [Rec#: 7155] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smeets PM, Beusmans GH, and Weber WE.

Prospective study of home morphine infusion

in 62 terminally ill patients. J Pain Symptom 

Manage 99;18(6):390-400. [Rec#: 7157]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smith C, Da Silva-Gane M, Chandna S, Warwicker P, 

Greenwood R, and Farrington K. Choosing

not to dialyse: evaluation of planned nondialytic management in a cohort of patients

with end-stage renal failure. Nephron Clin

Pract 2003;95(2):c40-6. Comment in:

Nephron Clin Pract. 2003;95(2):c37-9. PMID: 

14610333. [Rec#: 7160]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smith DC and Maher MF. Achieving a healthy death:

the dying person’s attitudinal contributions. 

Hosp J 93;9(1):21-32. [Rec#: 15341]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smith EL, Hann DM, Ahles TA, Furstenberg CT, 

Mitchell TA, Meyer L, Maurer LH, Rigas J, 

and Hammond S. Dyspnea, anxiety, body

consciousness, and quality of life in patients 

with lung cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage

2001;21(4):323-9. [Rec#: 35213] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smith TJ, Staats PS, Deer T, Stearns LJ, Rauck RL,

Boortz-Marx RL, Buchser E, Catala E, Bryce 

DA, Coyne PJ, Pool GE, and Implantable 

Drug Delivery Systems Study Group.

Randomized clinical trial of an implantable 

drug delivery system compared with 

comprehensive medical management for

refractory cancer pain: impact on pain, drugrelated toxicity, and survival. Journal of 

Clinical Oncology 2002;20(19):4040-9. 

[Rec#: 50745]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Smucker WD, Ditto PH, Moore KA, Druley JA, Danks 

JH, and Townsend A. Elderly outpatients 

respond favorably to a physician-initiated

advance directive discussion. J Am Board 

Fam Pract 93;6(5):473-82. [Rec#: 7190]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Soden K, Vincent K, Craske S, Lucas C, and Ashley S. 

A randomized controlled trial of 

aromatherapy massage in a hospice setting. 

Palliat Med 2004;18(2):87-92. [Rec#: 7202]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-47 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Somogyi-Zalud E, Zhong Z, Lynn J, and Hamel MB. 

Elderly persons’ last six months of life:

findings from the Hospitalized Elderly 

Longitudinal Project. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2000;48(5 Suppl):S131-9. [Rec#: 7221]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Somogyi-Zalud E, Zhong Z, Lynn J, Dawson NV, 

Hamel MB, and Desbiens NA. Dying with

acute respiratory failure or multiple organ

system failure with sepsis. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2000;48(5 Suppl):S140-5. [Rec#: 7220]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Soskis CW. End-of-life decisions in the home care 

setting. Soc Work Health Care 97;25(1-

2):107-16. [Rec#: 7238]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sprung CL, Cohen SL, Sjokvist P, Baras M, Bulow 

HH, Hovilehto S, Ledoux D, Lippert A, Maia

P, Phelan D, Schobersberger W, Wennberg E, 

Woodcock T, and Ethicus Study Group. Endof-life practices in European intensive care 

units: the Ethicus Study. JAMA 

2003;290(6):790-7. Comment in: JAMA. 

2003 Aug 13;290(6):820-2. PMID: 12915438. 

Comment in: JAMA. 2003 Dec 

10;290(22):2938-9; author reply 2939-40. 

PMID: 14665649. Comment in: JAMA. 2003

Dec 10;290(22):2939; author reply 2939-40.

PMID: 14665650. [Rec#: 7283] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stalfelt AM, Brodin H, Pettersson S, and Eklof A. The 

final phase in acute myeloid leukaemia

(AML). A study on bleeding, infection and

pain. Leuk Res 2003;27(6):481-8. [Rec#:

7296] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Steel K, Ljunggren G, Topinkova E, Morris JN, Vitale

C, Parzuchowski J, Nonemaker S, Frijters

DH, Rabinowitz T, Murphy KM, Ribbe MW,

and Fries BE. The RAI-PC: an assessment 

instrument for palliative care in all settings. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(3):211-9. 

[Rec#: 7316] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Steele RG and Fitch MI. Coping strategies of family

caregivers of home hospice patients with 

cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 96;23(6):955-60. 

[Rec#: 7320] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stein WM and Miech RP. Cancer pain in the elderly 

hospice patient. J Pain Symptom Manage 

93;8(7):474-82. [Rec#: 7334]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Steinberg MA, Cartwright CM, MacDonald SM, 

Najman JM, and Williams GM. Selfdetermination in terminal care. A comparison 

of GP and community members’ responses.

Aust Fam Physician 97;26(6):703-7. [Rec#:

7337] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, McNeilly 

M, Grambow S, Parker J, and Tulsky JA. 

Preparing for the end of life: preferences of 

patients, families, physicians, and other care

providers. J Pain Symptom Manage

2001;22(3):727-37. [Rec#: 7340] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Steinhauser KE, Christakis NA, Clipp EC, McNeilly 

M, McIntyre L, and Tulsky JA. Factors 

considered important at the end of life by

patients, family, physicians, and other care

providers. JAMA 2000;284(19):2476-82. 

[Rec#: 50885]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stephens RJ, Hopwood P, Girling DJ, and Machin D.

Randomized trials with quality of life 

endpoints: are doctors’ ratings of patients’ 

physical symptoms interchangeable with 

patients’ self-ratings? Qual Life Res 

97;6(3):225-36. [Rec#: 15541] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stephenson NL, Weinrich SP, and Tavakoli AS. The 

effects of foot reflexology on anxiety and pain

in patients with breast and lung cancer. Oncol 

Nurs Forum 2000;27(1):67-72. Comment in:

Oncol Nurs Forum. 2001 Apr;28(3):445-6. 

PMID: 11338752. [Rec#: 35336]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Steptoe A, Mohabir A, Mahon NG, and McKenna WJ. 

Health related quality of life and 

psychological wellbeing in patients with

dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart 

2000;83(6):645-50. [Rec#: 35337] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stern SG and Orlowski JP. DNR or CPR--the choice is 

ours. Crit Care Med 92;20(9):1263-72. [Rec#:

15547]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-48 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Stetz KM and Hanson WK. Alterations in perceptions

of caregiving demands in advanced cancer 

during and after the experience. Hosp J 

92;8(3):21-34. [Rec#: 7358]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stewart S and Horowitz JD. Detecting early clinical 

deterioration in chronic heart failure patients 

post-acute hospitalisation-a critical 

component of multidisciplinary, home-based 

intervention? Eur J Heart Fail 2002;4(3):345-

51. [Rec#: 50098]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stewart S, Marley JE, and Horowitz JD. Effects of a 

multidisciplinary, home-based intervention on

unplanned readmissions and survival among 

patients with chronic congestive heart failure: 

a randomised controlled study. Lancet

99;354(9184):1077-83. [Rec#: 35361] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stewart S, Pearson S, and Horowitz JD. Effects of a 

home-based intervention among patients with

congestive heart failure discharged from acute 

hospital care. Arch Intern Med

98;158(10):1067-72. [Rec#: 50100]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stillman MJ and Syrjala KL. Differences in physician 

access patterns to hospice care. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 99;17(3):157-63. [Rec#:

7376] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stirling LC, Kurowska A, and Tookman A. The use of

phenobarbitone in the management of

agitation and seizures at the end of life. J Pain

Symptom Manage 99;17(5):363-8. Comment

in: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000

Feb;19(2):80-1. PMID: 10766573. [Rec#:

7379] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stockelberg D, Lehtola P, and Noren I. Palliative 

treatment at home for patients with

haematological disorders. Support Care

Cancer 97;5(6):506-8. [Rec#: 7381]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stommel M, Given BA, and Given CW. Depression

and functional status as predictors of death 

among cancer patients. Cancer

2002;94(10):2719-27. [Rec#: 43238] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Straton JB, Wang NY, Meoni LA, Ford DE, Klag MJ,

Casarett D, and Gallo JJ. Physical 

functioning, depression, and preferences for

treatment at the end of life: the johns hopkins 

precursors study. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2004;52(4):577-82. [Rec#: 7406] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stromgren AS, Goldschmidt D, Groenvold M, Petersen

MA, Jensen PT, Pedersen L, Hoermann L,

Helleberg C, and Sjogren P. Self-assessment 

in cancer patients referred to palliative care: a 

study of feasibility and symptom

epidemiology. Cancer 2002;94(2):512-20. 

[Rec#: 7414] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Stuart B, D’Onofrio CN, Boatman S, and Feigelman 

G. CHOICES: promoting early access to endof-life care through home-based transition

management. J Palliat Med 2003;6(4):671-83. 

[Rec#: 7422] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sugarman J, Weinberger M, and Samsa G. Factors 

associated with veterans’ decisions about 

living wills. Arch Intern Med 92;152(2):343-

7. [Rec#: 7429] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sullivan MA, Muskin PR, Feldman SJ, and Haase E. 

Effects of religiosity on patients’ perceptions

of do-not-resuscitate status. Psychosomatics 

2004;45(2):119-28. [Rec#: 43261] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sulmasy DP and McIlvane JM. Patients’ ratings of

quality and satisfaction with care at the end of 

life. Arch Intern Med 2002;162(18):2098-

104. [Rec#: 7440]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sulmasy DP and Sood JR. Factors associated with the

time nurses spend at the bedsides of seriously

ill patients with poor prognoses. Med Care 

2003;41(4):458-66. [Rec#: 7442] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sulmasy DP, McIlvane JM, Pasley PM, and Rahn M. 

A scale for measuring patient perceptions of 

the quality of end-of-life care and satisfaction

with treatment: the reliability and validity of

QUEST. J Pain Symptom Manage

2002;23(6):458-70. [Rec#: 7441] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-49 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Sulmasy DP, Terry PB, Weisman CS, Miller DJ, 

Stallings RY, Vettese MA, and Haller KB. 

The accuracy of substituted judgments in

patients with terminal diagnoses. Ann Intern 

Med 98;128(8):621-9. Comment in: Ann 

Intern Med. 1998 Dec 15;129(12):1082-3. 

PMID: 9867782. [Rec#: 7443] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Sultzer DL, Gray KF, Gunay I, Wheatley MV, and 

Mahler ME. Does behavioral improvement

with haloperidol or trazodone treatment

depend on psychosis or mood symptoms in

patients with dementia? J Am Geriatr Soc 

2001;49(10):1294-300. [Rec#: 35426] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

The SUPPORT Principal Investigators. A controlled 

trial to improve care for seriously ill 

hospitalized patients. The study to understand

prognoses and preferences for outcomes and 

risks of treatments (SUPPORT). JAMA

95;274(20):1591-8. Comment in: JAMA. 

1995 Nov 22-29;274(20):1634-6. PMID: 

7474253. Comment in: JAMA. 1996 Apr

24;275(16):1227-8; author reply 1230-1. 

PMID: 8601945. Comment in: JAMA. 1996

Apr 24;275(16):1227; author reply 1230-1. 

PMID: 8601944. Comment in: JAMA. 199.

[Rec#: 1440] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Suri DN, Egleston BL, Brody JA, and Rudberg MA. 

Nursing home resident use of care directives. 

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci

99;54(5):M225-9. [Rec#: 7463] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Syrett E and Taylor J. Non-pharmacological

management of breathlessness: a collaborative 

nurse--physiotherapist approach. Int J Palliat 

Nurs 2003;9(4):150-6. [Rec#: 15684]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Talmi YP, Roth Y, Waller A, Chesnin V, Adunski A,

Lander MI, and Kronenberg J. Care of the

terminal head and neck cancer patient in the 

hospice setting. Laryngoscope 95;105(3 Pt

1):315-8. [Rec#: 7523]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tanaka K, Akechi T, Okuyama T, Nishiwaki Y, and 

Uchitomi Y. Factors correlated with dyspnea 

in advanced lung cancer patients: organic 

causes and what else? J Pain Symptom

Manage 2002;23(6):490-500. [Rec#: 35493]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tanaka K, Akechi T, Okuyama T, Nishiwaki Y, and 

Uchitomi Y. Impact of dyspnea, pain, and

fatigue on daily life activities in ambulatory 

patients with advanced lung cancer. J Pain

Symptom Manage 2002;23(5):417-23. [Rec#:

35494]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tang ST and Mccorkle R. Determinants of congruence 

between the preferred and actual place of 

death for terminally ill cancer patients. J 

Palliat Care 2003;19(4):230-7. [Rec#: 7547]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tang ST. Determinants of hospice home care use

among terminally ill cancer patients. Nurs Res 

2003;52(4):217-25. [Rec#: 7544] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tang WR, Aaronson LS, and Forbes SA. Quality of

life in hospice patients with terminal illness. 

West J Nurs Res 2004;26(1):113-28. [Rec#: 

7548] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tanvetyanon T and Leighton JC. Life-sustaining 

treatments in patients who died of chronic 

congestive heart failure compared with 

metastatic cancer. Crit Care Med 

2003;31(1):60-4. Comment in: Crit Care. 

2003 Apr;7(2):111-3. PMID: 12720553. 

[Rec#: 43305]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tardy B, Venet C, Zeni F, Berthet O, Viallon A, 

Lemaire F, and Bertrand JC. Death of 

terminally ill patients on a stretcher in the 

emergency department: a French speciality?

Intensive Care Med 2002;28(11):1625-8. 

[Rec#: 7553] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tarraza HM and Ellerkmann RM. A view from the 

family: years after a loved one has died of 

ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 99;93(1):38-

40. [Rec#: 15739]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-50 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Tchen, N, Bedard, P, Yi, Q. L, Klein, M, Cella, D, 

Eremenco, S, and Tannock, I. F. Quality of 

life and understanding of disease status 

among cancer patients of different ethnic 

origin. British Journal of Cancer 

2003;89(4):641-7. [Rec#: 50769] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Temkin-Greener H and Mukamel DB. Predicting place 

of death in the program of all-inclusive care

for the elderly (PACE): participant versus

program characteristics. J Am Geriatr Soc 

2002;50(1):125-35. [Rec#: 7588] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Temkin-Greener H, Meiners MR, Petty EA, and

Szydlowski JS. The use and cost of health

services prior to death: a comparison of the 

Medicare-only and the Medicare-Medicaid 

elderly populations. Milbank Q 92;70(4):679-

701. [Rec#: 7587]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Teno J, Lynn J, Wenger N, Phillips RS, Murphy DP, 

Connors AF Jr, Desbiens N, Fulkerson W,

Bellamy P, and Knaus WA. Advance 

directives for seriously ill hospitalized

patients: effectiveness with the patient selfdetermination act and the SUPPORT 

intervention. SUPPORT Investigators. Study 

to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for 

Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. J Am

Geriatr Soc 97;45(4):500-7. Comment in: J 

Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Apr;45(4):519-20. 

PMID: 9100724. [Rec#: 43327] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Teno JM, Branco KJ, Mor V, Phillips CD, Hawes C, 

Morris J, and Fries BE. Changes in advance 

care planning in nursing homes before and 

after the patient Self-Determination Act: 

report of a 10-state survey. J Am Geriatr Soc 

97;45(8):939-44. [Rec#: 43328] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Teno JM, Clarridge B, Casey V, Edgman-Levitan S,

and Fowler J. Validation of Toolkit AfterDeath Bereaved Family Member Interview. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 2001;22(3):752-8. 

[Rec#: 7592] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Teno JM, Clarridge BR, Casey V, Welch LC, Wetle T, 

Shield R, and Mor V. Family perspectives on

end-of-life care at the last place of care.

JAMA 2004;291(1):88-93. Comment in: 

JAMA. 2004 Mar 24;291(12):1445-6; author

reply 1446. PMID: 15039410. [Rec#: 7593] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Teno JM, Fisher E, Hamel MB, Wu AW, Murphy DJ, 

Wenger NS, Lynn J, and Harrell FE Jr. 

Decision-making and outcomes of prolonged

ICU stays in seriously ill patients. J Am

Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 Suppl):S70-4. [Rec#:

7594] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Teno JM, Lynn J, Phillips RS, Murphy D, Youngner 

SJ, Bellamy P, Connors AF Jr, Desbiens NA, 

Fulkerson W, and Knaus WA. Do formal

advance directives affect resuscitation 

decisions and the use of resources for 

seriously ill patients? SUPPORT 

Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses 

and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatments. J Clin Ethics 94;5(1):23-30. 

Comment in: J Clin Ethics. 1994 

Spring;5(1):55-6. PMID: 8003727. Comment 

in: J Clin Ethics. 1994 Spring;5(1):57-60. 

PMID: 8003728. Comment in: J Clin Ethics. 

1994 Spring;5(1):60-1. PMID: 8003729. 

[Rec#: 43330]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Teno JM, Licks S, Lynn J, Wenger N, Connors AF Jr, 

Phillips RS, O’Connor MA, Murphy DP, 

Fulkerson WJ, Desbiens N, and Knaus WA.

Do advance directives provide instructions 

that direct care? SUPPORT Investigators. 

Study to Understand Prognoses and 

Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of 

Treatment. Journal of the American Geriatrics 

Society 97;45(4):508-12. [Rec#: 50772] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Teno JM, Stevens M, Spernak S, and Lynn J. Role of

written advance directives in decision

making: insights from qualitative and

quantitative data. Journal of General Internal 

Medicine 98;13(7):439-46. [Rec#: 50776] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-51 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

The AM, Hak T, Koeter G, and van der Wal G.

Collusion in doctor-patient communication

about imminent death: an ethnographic study. 

West J Med 2001;174(4):247-53. [Rec#: 

7612] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Thompsell A and Lovestone S. Out of sight out of

mind? Support and information given to

distant and near relatives of those with

dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry

2002;17(9):804-7. [Rec#: 35581] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Thompson EA and Reillly D. The homeopathic 

approach to symptom control in the cancer 

patient: a prospective observational study.

Palliat Med 2002;16(3):227-33. [Rec#: 7629] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tierney RM, Horton SM, Hannan TJ, and Tierney 

WM. Relationships between symptom relief, 

quality of life, and satisfaction with hospice 

care. Palliat Med 98;12(5):333-44. [Rec#: 

7661] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tierney WM, Dexter PR, Gramelspacher GP, Perkins 

AJ, Zhou XH, and Wolinsky FD. The effect 

of discussions about advance directives on

patients’ satisfaction with primary care. J Gen 

Intern Med 2001;16(1):32-40. Comment in: J 

Gen Intern Med. 2001 Jan;16(1):68-9. PMID: 

11251753. [Rec#: 7662]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tilden VP, Tolle SW, Drach LL, and Perrin NA. Outof-Hospital Death: Advance Care Planning,

Decedent Symptoms, and Caregiver Burden. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(4):532-9. [Rec#: 

7664] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tilden VP, Tolle SW, Garland MJ, and Nelson C. A. 

Decisions about life-sustaining treatment. 

Impact of physicians’ behaviors on the 

family. Archives of Internal Medicine 

95;155(6):633-8. [Rec#: 50780] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tolle SW, Hickman SE, Tilden VP, Bubalo JS, and 

Fromme EK. Trends in opioid use over time: 

1997 to 1999. J Palliat Med 2004;7(1):39-45. 

[Rec#: 7678] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tolle SW, Rosenfeld AG, Tilden VP, and Park Y.

Oregon’s low in-hospital death rates: what

determines where people die and satisfaction 

with decisions on place of death? Ann Intern 

Med 99;130(8):681-5. [Rec#: 15876]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tolle SW, Tilden VP, Hickman SE, and Rosenfeld 

AG. Family reports of pain in dying 

hospitalized patients: a structured telephone 

survey. West J Med 2000;172(6):374-7.

[Rec#: 7680] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tolle SW, Tilden VP, Rosenfeld AG, and Hickman 

SE. Family reports of barriers to optimal care

of the dying. Nurs Res 2000;49(6):310-7.

[Rec#: 7681] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tong E, McGraw SA, Dobihal E, Baggish R, Cherlin

E, and Bradley EH. What is a good death?

Minority and non-minority perspectives. J

Palliat Care 2003;19(3):168-75. [Rec#: 

15884]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Topp R, Tucker D, and Weber C. Effect of a clinical

case manager/clinical nurse specialist on 

patients hospitalized with congestive heart

failure. Nurs Case Manag 98;3(4):140-5; quiz

146-7, 182. [Rec#: 35631] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Torelli GF, Campos AC, and Meguid MM. Use of

TPN in terminally ill cancer patients. 

Nutrition 99;15(9):665-7. [Rec#: 7700]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Townsend J, Frank AO, Fermont D, Dyer S, Karran O,

Walgrove A, and Piper M. Terminal cancer 

care and patients’ preference for place of 

death: a prospective study. BMJ 

90;301(6749):415-7. Comment in: BMJ. 1993 

Jun 26;306(6894):1754. PMID: 8343651. 

[Rec#: 15899]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Trail M, Nelson ND, Van JN, Appel SH, and Lai EC. 

A study comparing patients with amyotrophic 

lateral sclerosis and their caregivers on

measures of quality of life, depression, and

their attitudes toward treatment options. J 

Neurol Sci 2003;209(1-2):79-85. [Rec#:

7711] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-52 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Tranmer JE, Heyland D, Dudgeon D, Groll D, SquiresGraham M, and Coulson K. Measuring the 

symptom experience of seriously ill cancer 

and noncancer hospitalized patients near the

end of life with the memorial symptom

assessment scale. J Pain Symptom Manage 

2003;25(5):420-9. [Rec#: 7716]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Travis SS, Bernard MA, McAuley WJ, Thornton M,

and Kole T. Development of the family 

caregiver medication administration hassles 

scale. Gerontologist 2003;43(3):360-8. [Rec#:

35655]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Trojano L, Antonelli Incalzi R, Acanfora D, Picone C, 

Mecocci P, Rengo F, and Congestive Heart 

Failure Italian Study Investigators. Cognitive 

impairment: a key feature of congestive heart 

failure in the elderly. J Neurol

2003;250(12):1456-63. [Rec#: 35669] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Trollor J. Cancer inpatients morphine usage: a new 

England area survey. Aust J Rural Health 

2003;11(4):163-8. [Rec#: 7729]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tschann JM, Kaufman SR, and Micco GP. Family 

involvement in end-of-life hospital care. J Am

Geriatr Soc 2003;51(6):835-40. [Rec#: 7742] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Tulsky JA, Chesney MA, and Lo B. See one, do one, 

teach one? House staff experience discussing 

do-not-resuscitate orders. Arch Intern Med 

96;156(12):1285-9. [Rec#: 15939] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Turhal NS, Erdal S, and Karacay S. Efficacy of 

treatment to relieve mucositis-induced 

discomfort. Support Care Cancer 

2000;8(1):55-8. [Rec#: 7760]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Uhlmann RF and Pearlman RA. Perceived quality of

life and preferences for life-sustaining 

treatment in older adults. Arch Intern Med

91;151(3):495-7. [Rec#: 7791] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Vainio A and Auvinen A. Prevalence of symptoms

among patients with advanced cancer: an

international collaborative study. Symptom

Prevalence Group. J Pain Symptom Manage 

96;12(1):3-10. [Rec#: 16012]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Valdimarsdottir U, Helgason AR, Furst CJ, Adolfsson

J, and Steineck G. The unrecognised cost of

cancer patients’ unrelieved symptoms:a 

nationwide follow-up of their surviving 

partners. Br J Cancer 2002;86(10):1540-5.

[Rec#: 7811] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

van der Steen JT, Ooms ME, van der Wal G, and 

Ribbe MW. Pneumonia: the demented 

patient’s best friend? Discomfort after starting

or withholding antibiotic treatment. J Am

Geriatr Soc 2002;50(10):1681-8. [Rec#:

7835] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Vandecreek L and Frankowski D. Barriers that predict 

resistance to completing a living will. Death 

Stud 96;20(1):73-82. [Rec#: 7860] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ventafridda V, De Conno F, Ripamonti C, Gamba A, 

and Tamburini M. Quality-of-life assessment 

during a palliative care programme. Ann 

Oncol 90;1(6):415-20. Comment in: Ann 

Oncol. 1990 Nov;1(6):396-8. PMID: 

1707296. Comment in: Ann Oncol. 1991

Oct;2(9):693-4. PMID: 1720657. [Rec#: 

7879] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ventafridda V, Ripamonti C, De Conno F, Tamburini

M, and Cassileth BR. Symptom prevalence 

and control during cancer patients’ last days

of life. J Palliat Care 90;6(3):7-11. Comment 

in: J Palliat Care. 1991 Summer;7(2):50-1.

PMID: 1714500. [Rec#: 7881] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Vigano, A, Bruera, E, and Suarez-Almazor, M. E. Age, 

pain intensity, and opioid dose in patients 

with advanced cancer. Cancer 98;83(6):1244-

50. [Rec#: 50796]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-53 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Vincent I, D’Herouville D, Moulin P, Bugler C, Fraval 

J, Mallet D, Salamagne MH, Vilde JL, Jodelet 

D, and Leport C. Modalities of palliative care 

in hospitalized patients with advanced AIDS. 

AIDS Care 2000;12(2):211-9. [Rec#: 7911]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Virik K and Glare P. Profile and evaluation of a 

palliative medicine consultation service 

within a tertiary teaching hospital in Sydney, 

Australia. J Pain Symptom Manage

2002;23(1):17-25. [Rec#: 7921]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Virmani J, Schneiderman LJ, and Kaplan RM. 

Relationship of advance directives to

physician-patient communication. Arch Intern

Med 94;154(8):909-13. [Rec#: 7922]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Visapaa J. Significant changes in the terminal care of 

aged patients in the long-term care in 

Helsinki. Scand J Soc Med 98;26(1):53-5. 

[Rec#: 7927] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Volicer L, Hurley AC, and Blasi ZV. Characteristics of

dementia end-of-life care across care settings. 

Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2003;20(3):191-200. 

[Rec#: 7948] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Volicer L, Hurley AC, and Blasi ZV. Scales for 

evaluation of End-of-Life Care in Dementia. 

Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2001;15(4):194-

200. [Rec#: 7949]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Voltz R, Akabayashi A, Reese C, Ohi G, and Sass HM. 

End-of-life decisions and advance directives

in palliative care: a cross-cultural survey of

patients and health-care professionals. J Pain 

Symptom Manage 98;16(3):153-62. [Rec#:

7952] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wakefield M and Ashby M. Attitudes of surviving

relatives to terminal care in South Australia. J 

Pain Symptom Manage 93;8(8):529-38. 

[Rec#: 16145]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Walker RJ and Pomeroy EC. The impact of

anticipatory grief on caregivers of persons 

with Alzheimer’s disease. Home Health Care 

Serv Q 97;16(1-2):55-76. [Rec#: 7988]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wallace SK, Ewer MS, Price KJ, and Feeley TW. 

Outcome and cost implications of 

cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the medical 

intensive care unit of a comprehensive cancer 

center. Support Care Cancer 2002;10(5):425-

9. [Rec#: 43541] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Walsh D and Nelson KA. Communication of a cancer 

diagnosis: patients’ perceptions of when they

were first told they had cancer. Am J Hosp

Palliat Care 2003;20(1):52-6. [Rec#: 8000] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Walsh D, Donnelly S, and Rybicki L. The symptoms

of advanced cancer: relationship to age, 

gender, and performance status in 1,000 

patients. Support Care Cancer 2000;8(3):175-

9. [Rec#: 7999] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Walsh SM and Schmidt LA. Telephone support for

caregivers of patients with cancer. Cancer

Nurs 2003;26(6):448-53. [Rec#: 8006]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ward SE and Gordon DB. Patient satisfaction and pain 

severity as outcomes in pain management: a 

longitudinal view of one setting’s experience. 

J Pain Symptom Manage 96;11(4):242-51. 

[Rec#: 16192]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ward SE, Berry PE, and Misiewicz H. Concerns about 

analgesics among patients and family 

caregivers in a hospice setting. Res Nurs 

Health 96;19(3):205-11. [Rec#: 8031]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Ward SE, Goldberg N, Miller-McCauley V, Mueller C, 

Nolan A, Pawlik-Plank D, Robbins A, 

Stormoen D, and Weissman DE. Patientrelated barriers to management of cancer pain. 

Pain 93;52(3):319-24. [Rec#: 8032] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-54 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Warden V, Hurley AC, and Volicer L. Development

and psychometric evaluation of the Pain

Assessment in Advanced Dementia 

(PAINAD) scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc 

2003;4(1):9-15. Comment in: J Am Med Dir

Assoc. 2003 Jan-Feb;4(1):50-1. PMID:

12807599. [Rec#: 35921] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Warren SC, Emmett MK, Zinn C, and Warren LM. 

Dying in a West Virginia acute care hospital: 

what is it like? W V Med J 2002;98(3):110-3. 

[Rec#: 8041] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Watanabe, S, Belzile, M, Kuehn, N, Hanson, J, and 

Bruera, E. Capsules and suppositories of

methadone for patients on high-dose opioids

for cancer pain: clinical and economic 

considerations. Cancer Treatment Reviews 

96;22 Suppl A:131-6. [Rec#: 50811]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Waters CM. End-of-life care directives among African 

Americans: lessons learned--a need for 

community-centered discussion and 

education. J Community Health Nurs 

2000;17(1):25-37. [Rec#: 8055]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Webb M, Moody LE, and Mason LA. Dyspnea 

assessment and management in hospice 

patients with pulmonary disorders. Am J 

Hosp Palliat Care 2000;17(4):259-64. [Rec#: 

8078] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Weeks JC, Cook EF, O’Day SJ, Peterson LM, Wenger 

N, Reding D, Harrell FE, Kussin P, Dawson

NV, Connors AF Jr, Lynn J, and Phillips RS. 

Relationship between cancer patients’ 

predictions of prognosis and their treatment

preferences. JAMA 98;279(21):1709-14. 

Comment in: JAMA. 1998 Jun

3;279(21):1746-8. PMID: 9624031. Comment 

in: JAMA. 1998 Oct 28;280(16):1403-4. 

PMID: 9800998. Comment in: JAMA. 1998

Oct 28;280(16):1403; author reply 1404. 

PMID: 9800997. Erratum in: JAMA 2000 Jan

12;283(2):203. [Rec#: 8089]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Weiner P, Waizman J, Magadle R, Berar-Yanay N,

and Pelled B. The effect of specific 

inspiratory muscle training on the sensation of 

dyspnea and exercise tolerance in patients 

with congestive heart failure. Clin Cardiol 

99;22(11):727-32. [Rec#: 35953]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Weisbord SD, Carmody SS, Bruns FJ, Rotondi AJ,

Cohen LM, Zeidel ML, and Arnold RM.

Symptom burden, quality of life, advance care 

planning and the potential value of palliative 

care in severely ill haemodialysis patients. 

Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18(7):1345-52. 

Comment in: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003

Dec;18(12):2688. PMID: 14605313. [Rec#: 

8104] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Weiss SC, Emanuel LL, Fairclough DL, and Emanuel

EJ. Understanding the experience of pain in

terminally ill patients. Lancet 

2001;357(9265):1311-5. Comment in: Lancet. 

2001 Apr 28;357(9265):1304-5. PMID: 

11343728. Comment in: Lancet. 2001 Sep 

22;358(9286):1014-5. PMID: 11583773. 

[Rec#: 8110] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Weitzner MA, McMillan SC, and Jacobsen PB. Family

caregiver quality of life: differences between 

curative and palliative cancer treatment

settings. J Pain Symptom Manage

99;17(6):418-28. [Rec#: 8117] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wenger NS, Kanouse DE, Collins RL, Liu H, Schuster 

MA, Gifford AL, Bozzette SA, and Shapiro 

MF. End-of-life discussions and preferences 

among persons with HIV. JAMA

2001;285(22):2880-7. [Rec#: 8131] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wenger NS, Phillips RS, Teno JM, Oye RK, Dawson

NV, Liu H, Califf R, Layde P, Hakim R, and 

Lynn J. Physician understanding of patient

resuscitation preferences: insights and clinical 

implications. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48(5 

Suppl):S44-51. [Rec#: 8134]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-55 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Wenger NS, Lynn J, Oye RK, Liu H, Teno JM, 

Phillips RS, Desbiens NA, Sehgal A, Kussin 

P, Taub H, Harrell F, and Knaus W.

Withholding versus withdrawing lifesustaining treatment: patient factors and 

documentation associated with dialysis 

decisions. Journal of the American Geriatrics

Society 2000;48(5 Suppl):S75-83. [Rec#:

50816]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wennberg JE, Fisher ES, Stukel TA, Skinner JS, Sharp 

SM, and Bronner KK. Use of hospitals, 

physician visits, and hospice care during last

six months of life among cohorts loyal to

highly respected hospitals in the United 

States. BMJ 2004;328(7440):607. Comment

in: BMJ. 2004 Mar 13;328(7440):610. PMID: 

15016693. [Rec#: 8138]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wenrich MD, Curtis JR, Ambrozy DA, Carline JD, 

Shannon SE, and Ramsey PG. Dying patients’ 

need for emotional support and personalized

care from physicians: perspectives of patients 

with terminal illness, families, and health care 

providers. J Pain Symptom Manage

2003;25(3):236-46. [Rec#: 8139] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Westlake C, Dracup K, Creaser J, Livingston N, 

Heywood JT, Huiskes BL, Fonarow G, and

Hamilton M. Correlates of health-related 

quality of life in patients with heart failure. 

Heart Lung 2002;31(2):85-93. [Rec#: 35984] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Westlake C, Dracup K, Walden JA, and Fonarow G. 

Sexuality of patients with advanced heart 

failure and their spouses or partners. J Heart 

Lung Transplant 99;18(11):1133-8. [Rec#:

35985]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Weze C, Leathard HL, Grange J, Tiplady P, and 

Stevens G. Evaluation of healing by gentle

touch in 35 clients with cancer. Eur J Oncol

Nurs 2004;8(1):40-9. [Rec#: 8156] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wielenga RP, Erdman RA, Huisveld IA, Bol E, 

Dunselman PH, Baselier MR, and Mosterd

WL. Effect of exercise training on quality of

life in patients with chronic heart failure. J 

Psychosom Res 98;45(5):459-64. [Rec#:

36014]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wilcock A, Crosby V, Hughes A, Fielding K, 

Corcoran R, and Tattersfield AE. Descriptors 

of breathlessness in patients with cancer and 

other cardiorespiratory diseases. J Pain

Symptom Manage 2002;23(3):182-9. [Rec#:

36025]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wilkie DJ and Keefe FJ. Coping strategies of patients 

with lung cancer-related pain. Clin J Pain

91;7(4):292-9. [Rec#: 36033]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wilkie DJ, Huang HY, Reilly N, and Cain KC. 

Nociceptive and neuropathic pain in patients

with lung cancer: a comparison of pain 

quality descriptors. J Pain Symptom Manage

2001;22(5):899-910. [Rec#: 36032]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wilkinson S, Aldridge J, Salmon I, Cain E, and Wilson

B. An evaluation of aromatherapy massage in

palliative care. Palliat Med 99;13(5):409-17. 

[Rec#: 8212] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Willert MG, Beckwith BE, Holm JE, and Beckwith 

SK. A preliminary study of the impact of

terminal illness on spouses: social support and

coping strategies. Hosp J 95;10(4):35-48. 

[Rec#: 8220] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wilson D. A report of an investigation of end-of-life 

care practices in health care facilities and the 

influences on those practices. J Palliat Care 

97;13(4):34-40. [Rec#: 8230]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wilson DM and Truman CD. Addressing myths about 

end-of-life care: research into the use of acute

care hospitals over the last five years of life. J 

Palliat Care 2002;18(1):29-38. [Rec#: 8234]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-56 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Wilson DM, Smith SL, Anderson MC, Northcott HC, 

Fainsinger RL, Stingl MJ, and Truman CD. 

Twentieth-century social and health-care 

influences on location of death in Canada.

Can J Nurs Res 2002;34(3):141-61. [Rec#:

16390]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wilson DM. End-of-life care preferences of Canadian

senior citizens with caregiving experience. J

Adv Nurs 2000;31(6):1416-21. [Rec#: 8232] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Witkowski A and Carlsson ME. Support group 

programme for relatives of terminally ill 

cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2004. 

[Rec#: 8271] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Witteveen PO, Jacobs HM, van Groenestijn MA, 

Lodder AC, van Boxtel AH, Nieuwland M,

Post MW, Touw-Otten FW, and Blijham GH. 

Assessment of the quality of life of patients 

with advanced and end-stage cancer or serious

infections with a symptom-based or an 

impact-based instrument. Support Care

Cancer 99;7(2):64-70. [Rec#: 8275]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Witteveen PO, van Groenestijn MA, Blijham GH, and

Schrijvers AJ. Use of resources and costs of

palliative care with parenteral fluids and 

analgesics in the home setting for patients 

with end-stage cancer. Ann Oncol 

99;10(2):161-5. Comment in: Ann Oncol. 

1999 Feb;10(2):135-6. PMID: 10093679. 

[Rec#: 8276] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wood BC and Mynors-Wallis LM. Problem-solving 

therapy in palliative care. Palliat Med

97;11(1):49-54. [Rec#: 8299]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wright EP, Kiely MA, Lynch P, Cull A, and Selby PJ. 

Social problems in oncology. Br J Cancer 

2002;87(10):1099-104. [Rec#: 8324]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wrubel J, Richards TA, Folkman S, and Acree MC. 

Tacit definitions of informal caregiving. J 

Adv Nurs 2001;33(2):175-81. [Rec#: 16481] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Wu N, Miller SC, Lapane K, and Gozalo P. The 

problem of assessment bias when measuring 

the hospice effect on nursing home residents’

pain. J Pain Symptom Manage

2003;26(5):998-1009. [Rec#: 8335]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Yancey D, Greger HA, and Coburn P. Determinants of

grief resolution in cancer death. J Palliat Care 

90;6(4):24-31. [Rec#: 8352]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Yang CT and Kirschling JM. Exploration of factors 

related to direct care and outcomes of

caregiving. Caregivers of terminally ill older 

persons. Cancer Nurs 92;15(3):173-81. [Rec#:

8353] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Yoshioka H. Rehabilitation for the terminal cancer 

patient. Am J Phys Med Rehabil

94;73(3):199-206. [Rec#: 8385]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Yurk R, Morgan D, Franey S, Stebner JB, and Lansky

D. Understanding the continuum of palliative 

care for patients and their caregivers. J Pain

Symptom Manage 2002;24(5):459-70. [Rec#:

8401] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Zallman L, Sanchez J, Choi H, and Selwyn P. Unmet

need for chronic disease and end-of-life care

at urban family health centers in the Bronx, 

NY. Fam Med 2003;35(9):637-42. [Rec#:

8407] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Zeppetella G, O’Doherty CA, and Collins S. 

Prevalence and characteristics of 

breakthrough pain in patients with nonmalignant terminal disease admitted to a

hospice. Palliat Med 2001;15(3):243-6. 

[Rec#: 8426] 

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Zhukovsky DS, Gorowski E, Hausdorff J, Napolitano

B, and Lesser M. Unmet analgesic needs in 

cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 

95;10(2):113-9. [Rec#: 8433]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-57 
Appendix M. Included Studies 

Zisook S, Paulus M, Shuchter SR, and Judd LL. The 

many faces of depression following spousal 

bereavement. J Affect Disord 97;45(1-2):85-

94; discussion 94-5. [Rec#: 8443]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

Zweig SC, Kruse RL, Binder EF, Szafara KL, and 

Mehr DR. Effect of do-not-resuscitate orders

on hospitalization of nursing home residents 

evaluated for lower respiratory infections. J 

Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52(1):51-8. [Rec#:

50932]

INCLUDE: considered for evidence table 

M-58