Availability of Passenger Safety 

Information for Improved 

Survival in Aircraft Accidents Office of Aerospace Medicine

Washington, DC 20591

DOT/FAA/AM-04/19

Donna K. Cosper

Advancia Corporation

Oklahoma City, OK 73104

Garnet A. McLean

Civil Aerospace Medical Institute

Federal Aviation Administration

Oklahoma City, OK 73125

November 2004

Final Report

This document is available to the public through the 

Defense Technical Information Center, Ft. Belvior, VA 

22060 and the National Technical Information Service, 

Springfield, VA 22161.
NOTICE

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of

the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of

information exchange. The United States Government

assumes no liability for the contents thereof.
i

Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No. 

DOT/FAA/AM-04/19 

2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. 

4. Title And Subtitle

Availability of Passenger Safety Information for Improved Survival in Aircraft 

Accidents 

5. Report Date

November 2004 

7. Author(s) 

Cosper, DK1 and McLean, GA2

9. Performing Organization Name and Address 

1

Advancia Corporation 

655 Research Parkway, #400 

Oklahoma City, OK 7310425 

2

FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute 

P.O. Box 25082 

Oklahoma City, OK 73125

8. Performing Organization Report 

No. 

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) 

Office of Aerospace Medicine 

Federal Aviation Administration 

800 Independence Ave. 

Washington, DC 20591 

11. Contract or Grant No. 

13. Type of Report and Period 

Covered 

15. Supplemental Notes 

This work was performed under task AM-B-01-PRS-93. 

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

16. Abstract 

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has set goals to be proactive regarding airline passenger education. 

One of the strategic goals is to identify, develop, and conduct research to improve methods, procedures, and 

technologies for increasing survival in aircraft accidents. In support of the FAA goals, this study identified 

safety- and survival-related information currently available to the flying public, providing an opportunity for 

estimating the general educational level of the typical air traveler.

The information available to typical airline passengers was obtained through a survey of air-travel information 

resources, including all material available from 15 major and 25 minor airlines flying in U.S. airspace. 

Additional sources were found using an exhaustive search of Internet Web sites, books, periodicals, and journal 

articles of government agencies, aviation training programs, educational and academic sources, aircraft 

manufacturers, consultants, U.S. military, corporations, and non-profit companies. 

An array of important factors was investigated: travel preparation, prohibited goods, in-flight “things-to-know,” 

medical information, safety concerns, emergency aircraft operations, emergency procedures, post-emergency 

survival-related topics, airport requirements, and international travel information. 

The results reveal serious inadequacies in the availability of safety information for airline passengers, indicating 

that reaching the goal of assured air traveler safety and survival in emergencies is problematic but amenable to 

significant improvement. To increase the probability that air travelers will survive in emergencies, substantially 

improved safety and survival information needs to be implemented and made available through a wellconstructed passenger education program. 

17. Key Words 

Passenger Safety, Passenger Education, Emergency 

Evacuation, Survival 

18. Distribution Statement 

Document is available to the public through the 

National Technical Information Service, 

Springfield, VA 22161 

19. Security Classif. (of this report) 

Unclassified 

20. Security Classif. (of this page)

Unclassified 

21. No. of Pages 

19

22. Price 

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized

1

AVAILABILITY OF PASSENGER SAFETY INFORMATION

FOR IMPROVED SURVIVAL IN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has 

no mission more important than assuring the safety of the 

more than one million passengers who fly on air carriers 

every day in the United States. As part of this mission, 

the FAA has long been active in assuring safe evacuation 

of transport airplanes in emergencies. To support this 

effort the FAA has published Advisory Circular (AC) 

121-24B (US DOT, 1999), regarding passenger safety 

information briefings and briefing cards. The AC states 

that an alert, knowledgeable person has a much better 

chance of surviving a life-threatening situation that occurs 

during passenger-carrying operations in civil aviation. 

Further, the FAA Strategic Plan (2001) set goals to be 

proactive regarding passenger education. Included is the 

sharing of safety information with passengers to reduce 

fatal accidents and increase the probability that passengers 

and crew will survive. Identification and development 

of improved methods, procedures, and technologies to 

increase survival in aircraft accidents are key. 

In a recent safety study by the National Transportation Safety Board (2000) investigating 46 accidents 

that occurred between September 1997 and June 1999, 

there were 2,651 passengers involved in emergency 

aircraft evacuations. The evacuations were ordered by 

the crew or initiated by passengers perceiving a threat; 

these evacuations occurred every 11 days, on average. 

Detailed analyses were conducted on a subset of the 46 

emergency evacuations; these involved fire, suspicion 

of fire, or inflatable escape slide usage. Questionnaires 

regarding the preflight safety briefing, emergency exits, 

carry-on baggage, evacuation slides, passenger behavior, 

use of seat belts, communication, injury, post-evacuation events, and personal information were sent to the 

accident survivors. The goal of the study was to identify 

critical factors that influence evacuations and effect improvements that would promote successful evacuations 

in the future. 

The report provided insight into specific factors, such 

as crewmember training and passenger behavior, which 

affected the outcome of the emergency evacuations and 

influenced safety. The questionnaire responses indicated 

that passengers had difficulties in many areas. Most 

passengers, including those seated in exit rows, did not 

read the safety briefing cards provided to assist them 

in understanding the tasks they needed to perform in 

an emergency. This resulted in slower egress times and 

unnecessary injuries. 

Such a lack of attention to the onboard safety information apparently occurs because of a misconception 

among airline passengers that there is little hope of survival in accidents, as suggested by studies conducted by 

Daniel Johnson (1984) and Parkinson and Muir (1995), 

which investigated passenger perceptions about transport 

airplane safety. Both studies concluded that passengers 

believed about 75% of transport airplane accidents are 

fatal, i.e., without hope for survival. This misperception 

is not only unfortunate, but dangerous, because statistics show that while passengers with an understanding 

of what to do in an accident will survive in most cases, 

passengers without the hope for survival find little need 

to prepare (Johnson, 1984). This failure to prepare can 

lead to fatalities.

An example of this situation is the Air Canada Flight 

797 (Douglas DC-9-32) accident at the Cincinnati Airport on June 2, 1983, in which 18 passengers and five 

crewmembers escaped the airplane after an in-flight fire 

started in the aft lavatory. Regrettably, 23 passengers were 

unable to get out of the plane and died in the fire; the 

NTSB report (1986) of the accident indicated that passengers probably lacked an understanding of what to do. 

Many of the survivors stated they had to travel aftward 

in the plane to reach the overwing emergency exits and 

only found the exits in the thick smoke because they had 

identified the number of seat rows between their seats and 

the overwing exits when they boarded the airplane. The 

NTSB concluded that the single most important factor 

for those surviving the accident was likely the extent to 

which they took personal responsibility for their own 

safety; i.e., they had pre-planned their escape, allowing 

them to react quickly to the emergency. 
2 

The NTSB safety study (2000) also examined passenger performance in exit rows, as passengers seated there 

were forced to operate the overwing exits in several of the 

emergency evacuations. These passengers were generally 

not ready to act quickly in an emergency, because unlike 

the airplane crew, they had not been individually informed 

about the proper procedures nor had they received formal 

training on the necessary tasks. Three main problems were 

identified. The first was failing to attend to the safety 

information provided, the second was not knowing to 

assess conditions outside the exit before opening it, and 

the third was having difficulty making the decision to 

open the exit. Many of the passengers who opened the 

overwing exits also struggled to maneuver the Type-III 

exit hatch and throw it clear of the opening. Difficulty 

in opening the exits caused additional delays for other 

passengers waiting to use them. 

The most frequent impediment to rapid emergency 

evacuation was passengers who carried baggage while trying to evacuate the airplanes. Of the 457 passengers who 

replied to the questionnaire, only 25 individuals reported 

having had no bags with them inside the airplane, while 

nearly 50% (208) of the remaining passengers reported 

that they attempted to carry a bag outside during the 

emergency evacuation. This tendency for passengers to 

retrieve and carry baggage reflects a serious lack of knowledge about the short time available for escape in aircraft 

accidents and the impediment to successful evacuations 

that carry-on baggage represents. 

Competitive passenger behavior was also an unexpected 

obstacle described by accident survivors. Many passengers 

reported seeing competitive behaviors that included pushing, climbing over seats, and aggressive disputes among 

passengers. Overall, 12.1% of the responding passengers 

reported they climbed over seats to get out of the airplane 

and another 20.4% reported that they observed someone 

climbing over seats. There were also 29% who reported 

having seen passengers being pushed, 18.7% indicated 

they had actually been pushed, and 5.6% indicated they 

personally pushed another passenger. Although climbing over seats and pushing may sometimes prove to be 

necessary actions for emergency egress, conflicts typically produced by these actions consume valuable time, 

demonstrating that uneducated passengers are likely to 

behave negatively when anxiety and heightened emotion 

are in control.

Precautionary emergency evacuations (PEEvacs) are 

another category of transport airplane evacuation ordered by the crew, or initiated by passengers, because of 

a perceived threat (e.g., fire), although the threat never 

actually develops. An investigation of PEEvacs conducted 

for the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) by 

Michael Hynes (1999) found that during a nine-year 

period from January 1, 1988, through December 31, 

1996, there were more than 500 such incidents, occurring about once a week, on average. The 500 PEEvacs 

involved approximately 6,000 passengers, at a direct 

monetary cost of more than $11 million annually to 

the airlines (Hynes, 2000), which resulted in large part 

from passenger injuries. Hynes concluded that one of 

the ways to prevent passenger injuries associated with 

PEEVacs is to improve passenger safety information and 

instruction. This conclusion reaffirms the findings of the 

NTSB Safety Study (2000) regarding the need for better 

passenger education. 

The foregoing discussion is a mere snapshot of the 

concerns related to the lack of attention passengers give 

to safety information on transport airplanes, the resulting 

lack of safety knowledge passengers possess as a result, 

and the negative behavioral effects these inadequacies 

produce. Apparently, the FAA goal of having proactive 

safety information-sharing with passengers is not being 

met by the airline safety-information briefing programs 

in place, and the question remains as to whether there 

is an alternative information base available to support 

this goal. 

METHODS

The current study was conducted to answer that question, i.e., to identify the aircraft safety and accident survival 

information currently available to the flying public. The 

resources reviewed for this study included all materials 

supplied to passengers by the 15 largest airlines and 25 

smaller airlines flying in US airspace. Additional information and material were found using an exhaustive search 

of Internet Web sites, books, periodicals, and journal articles of government agencies, aviation training programs, 

educational and academic sources, aircraft manufacturers, 

consultants, US military, corporations, and non-profit 

companies (see Appendix for details). 

An array of important factors was explored: 

• Up-to-date information regarding travel preparation 

• In-flight things to know list

• Emergency aircraft operations plan

• Emergency procedures

• Safety concerns and issues list

• Post-emergency survival topics 

• Prohibited goods list

• Medical information 

• International travel information

• Airport requirements
3

RESULTS

The search of aviation- and travel-related materials 

revealed there is relatively little in the way of aircraftspecific safety and accident survival information readily 

available to the flying public. Indeed, most information 

is related to travel preparation, recent security concerns, 

and/or limited interpretations of safety topics. Not a 

single existing source of information can be considered 

comprehensive, especially given the current aviation safety 

and security environment. 

Importantly, this information is also universally difficult to obtain. For example, the FAA Internet Web site 

is one of only three Web sites found to contain advanced 

passenger safety information. Although recently updated, 

however, the subject matter remains incomplete and sometimes vague regarding passenger safety in emergencies; i.e., 

in need of interpretation. The other government Web site 

that has significant passenger safety information is that of 

Transport Canada, whereas Qantas Airlines provides the 

only commercial Web site that gives passengers advanced 

safety information. The single resource that would be 

considered the most comprehensive, if somewhat dated, 

is the (out of print) book, Just in Case, by Dan Johnson 

(1984). Table 1 displays the information obtained with 

ratings for completeness and relative availability.

DISCUSSION

Accident reports indicate that passengers are generally uninformed about airplane accidents, emergency 

evacuation, and accident-survival issues. For example, 

passengers lack knowledge about performing emergency 

tasks, are unaware that they should leave their carry-on 

Table 1. Available Safety Information

Rating * 

Resource name Total 1 2 3 4 5 Notes 

Airline Supplied 

Materials 

40 19 11 9 1 15 Major Airlines & 

25 Smaller Airlines 

Government 22 16 2 4 10 U.S. & 12 International 

Educational/Academic 10 10 

Internet Sources 19 15 1 2 1 

Books & Publications 9 3 5 1 Internet search found 12,417 

“Aviation Safety” titles. 

Search narrowed by 

“Commercial Aviation 

Safety” and then by 

“Passenger Safety” to reach 

a total of nine books that fit 

the objective. 

* Rating Scale

1. No travel preparation or emergency information 

2. Minimal travel preparation information / No emergency data 

3. Minimal travel preparation information / No emergency data / Links to other Web sites 

4. Good travel preparation information / No emergency data 

• Possible subject matter: Travel Preparation, How To Dress, Baggage, Travel 

Documents, Special Needs, Dangerous Goods & Prohibited Items List, Medical 

Information, Airport Requirements, In-Flight Advice, Frequently Asked Questions, 

International Travel, Customs, and In-Flight Health. 

5. No Travel Preparation Information / Good Safety & Emergency Information Available 

• Possible Subject Matter: Types of Accidents, Behavior, Decompressions, In-Flight 

Emergencies, How To Prepare For a Crash, Fire, Emergency Escape On Land, 

Ditching, Stress Reactions After an Accident.

Appendix A contains a complete list of all information sources surveyed.
4 

baggage behind during an emergency aircraft evacuation, 

and have little idea about what to expect during and after 

emergency evacuations. These shortcomings result from 

the general lack of safety information readily available to 

the public, suggesting that minimal importance has been 

placed on making passengers part of the safety equation. 

Thus, passengers are often unaware of the factors they 

need to know to enhance their survival in emergencies. 

A consequence of this approach to passenger safety is 

that most passengers believe that survival in an airplane 

accident is highly unlikely, although the reverse situation 

is, in fact, true. Importantly, it has been recognized that if 

passengers believe they can influence their own survival, 

they will be more willing to attend to safety information. 

Such safety information may differ from airplane to airplane, which is the reason that exit locations, floor path 

marking systems, and oxygen equipment are all discussed 

in the pre-flight oral safety briefing and displayed on the 

seat-back safety information cards aboard airplanes.

The existence of such differences is only one factor 

that passengers need to be made more aware of, in order 

to heighten their attention to all safety information. Parkinson and Muir (1995) showed that increased awareness 

generated via safety training raised passenger awareness 

of other important safety issues and increased passenger 

motivation to pay attention to the safety information 

available. This led to increased behavioral effectiveness 

in an emergency. These effects were greatest for those 

passengers who experienced direct practice with safetyrelated tasks, although the authors also found that mental 

practice, alone, improved performance. Additional gains 

could be expected through increased compliance with 

safety regulations and greater personal responsibility for 

accident survival.

Much of the safety information that needs to be presented is already known and only needs to be compiled 

or applied to the commercial aviation environment, 

although some additional aviation-specific safety information ought to be developed. Therefore, creative and 

effective methods should be employed to enhance and 

convey safety information for passengers, in order to 

achieve the FAA goal of assuring that air travelers have 

the information necessary for effective survival in any 

emergency. Provision of such information, because of 

its large scope, will likely require a significant passenger 

education program beyond that currently employed for 

airline passengers; that is, onboard safety briefings and 

passenger safety information cards need to become the 

last link in the chain of safety information provided for 

the flying public. 

RECOMMENDATIONS

The following strategies for educating air travelers 

will support the FAA goals of being proactive regarding 

passenger education:

1. Develop a comprehensive aircraft safety education 

curriculum. Toward this end:

a. Conduct surveys of known travel safety information 

outside aviation to identify the extent to which additional safety information is available and/or needs 

to be developed. 

b. Conduct surveys to obtain information from the 

general public as to exactly what they know regarding safety in all emergencies, but especially aircraft 

accidents. The surveys should be constructed to 

identify insufficiencies in current materials to inform 

about future directions for development of safety 

information and educational materials. A Web site 

linked to commercial airline travel Web sites (e.g., 

Orbitz, Expedia) could be used to obtain broadbased participation. 

c. Develop and implement state-of-the-art methods for 

educating air travelers, using creative technologies 

such as interactive CD-ROMs that could be passed 

out at airports, air shows, and public events. Airline 

magazines could be used to assist in the distribution 

effort and provide self-tests regarding facts about 

safety, security, and emergency readiness.

d. Set up portable training devices (e.g., interactive 

kiosks and airplane-exit simulators) at airports 

and other public venues to allow individuals 

to gain better information and get hands-on 

experience. 

2. Develop and teach proactive safety procedures in public 

schools as part of a first aid and lifesaving skills training 

curriculum. 

3. Provide travel safety information on the public broadcast channels. 

4. In the interim, the Passenger section of the FAA Internet Web site should be enhanced and a plan created 

to inform the general public of its existence, in order 

to address current deficiencies in airplane passenger 

safety education. Topics should include: 

SAFETY AND SURVIVAL 

INFORMATION

Safe Flight Information

• Safety on the Tarmac

• In-Flight Health

• Preparedness for Emergencies

• In-Flight Emergency Information 
5

• Know Your Exits

• Seat Belts

• Exit Row Seating

• Turbulence

• Electronics Safety

• Decompression

• Oxygen Mask

• Brace for Crash Positions

• Flotation Devices

• Fire and Smoke

• Using the Escape Slide

Post-crash Emergency Information

• Crash on Take-off or Landing

• Panic

• Fire and Smoke

• Ditching

• Rescue

• Stress Reaction

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

Before You Travel

• How to Pack

• What to Wear

• Checking Flight Status

• At the airport

• Traveler Services

• Identification

• Health

• Children and Flying

• Travelers With Special Needs

• Traveling With Pets

• How to File Airline Complaints

Baggage Tips

• Things to Bring

• Things NOT to Bring

• Carry-on Baggage

• Checked Baggage

• Wrapped Packages

• Sporting Equipment

• Musical Instruments

REFERENCES

Federal Aviation Administration, Strategic Planning 

Branch, APO-120, http://api.hq.faa.gov/sp01/

sp2001.html, January 2001.

Hynes, M. “Frequency and Costs of Transport Airplane 

Precautionary Emergency Evacuations,” Office of 

Aviation Medicine Report, DOT/FAA/AM-99/30, 

1999.1

Hynes, M. Evacuee Injuries and Demographics in 

Transport Airplane Precautionary Emergency 

Evacuations, Office of Aviation Medicine Report, 

DOT/FAA/AM-00/11, 2000.1

Johnson D. “Just In Case, a Passenger’s Guide to Airplane Safety and Survival,” Plenum Publishing, 

New York, 1984.

National Transportation Safety Board. Final Accident 

Report No. NTSB/AAR-86/02, 1986.

National Transportation Safety Board. Safety Study, “ 

Emergency Evacuation of Commercial Airplanes,” 

NTSB/SS-00/01, 2000.

Parkinson, S. and Muir H.C., “The Effect of Training, 

Overtraining, and Transfer of Training on Passenger 

Performance in a Simulated Aircraft Emergency.” 

Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Aircraft Cabin Safety Symposium, 1995. 

US Department of Transportation. FAA Advisory Circular No. 121-24B, 1999.

1

This publication and all Office of Aerospace Medicine technical 

reports are available in full-text from the Civil Aerospace Medical 

Institute’s publications Web site: http://www.cami.jccbi.gov/aam400A/index.html

A1

APPENDIX A

Sources of Passenger Information

Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes FAA / CAMI http://www.faa.gov 

http://www1.faa.gov/index.cfm/apa/1076 http://www.cami.jccbi.gov/ 

4+

Traveler Preparation Data – Safety Information – Pilot/Passenger Health and Safety. FAA.gov – ALERTS – Security Tips for Air Travelers – Most of The Information is Geared Toward Pilots - Links to Safety Sites. 

Transportation Security Administration (TSA) http://www.tsa.gov/public/display?theme=175 

4

Links to Local Weather, National Center for Infectious Disease, and US Customs. 

Transport Canada http://www.tc.gc.ca/en/menu.htm 4 Traveler Preparation Documented / No Emergency Data. “What To Take When Traveling” http://www.voyage.gc.ca/destinations/menu_e.htm 1 Link for Transport Canada CD. “Survivability of Accidents Involving Part 121 U.S. Air Carrier Operations, 1983 Through 2000”

http://www.ntsb.gov/Publictn/2001/sr0101.htm 1 Link from www.ntsb.gov 

Civil Aviation Safety Authority (Australia) http://www.casa.gov.au/index.htm 4 Travel Preparation Documented / No Emergency Data. American Academy of Otolaryngology http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/ears/altitude.cfm 1 National Transportation Safety Board http://www.ntsb.gov 1 No Traveler Information. The Federal Aviation Administration http://wwwfaa.gov 

http://www.asy.faa.gov/asy_internet/Flysmart/default.htm 

4 Difficult to Find Specific Traveler Information 

Lacking Detailed Emergency Information. 

FAA Office of System Safety http://www.asy.faa.gov/ 1 No Traveler Info Available. Qantas http://www.qantas.com.au/info/flying/beforeYouTrav

el/index 

4 What You Should Know Before You Travel. 

Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 

http://www.dfat.gov.au/consular/advice/index.html 1 Travel Advisories Only. 

In-flight Safety http://www.warman.demon.co.uk/anna/inflight.htm 2 Anna Damski – British Airways Safety Training Dept. 
A2 

Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes Airsafe.com http://www.airsafe.com 4- Not All Information is Correct. Contains Information/Links 

Regarding Travel for Children. Links to the FAA Fly Smart Site. 

Airsafe.com Tips for Travel Under New Security Rules 

http://www.airsafe.com/issues/security/waiting.htm “

Airsafe.com Top 10 Airline Safety Questions http://www.airsafe.com/ten_faq.htm “ Names of Airlines are Included in Answers that are Inappropriate. Airsafe.com Suggestions For Reducing Security Related Threats (Hi-jacking) 

http://www.airsafe.com/events/war/moresafe.htm “

Airsafe.com Baggage Information Resources http://www.airsafe.com/issues/baggage.htm “ Airsafe.com Child Safety In The Air http://www.airsafe.com/kidsafe.htm “ Includes News Articles and an Airline Comparison Done by USA 

Today. 

Airsafe.com Air Rage Information http://www.airsafe.com/issues/rage.htm “ Landings.com http://www.landings.com 1 Misc. Travel Information For Pilots. Airlines Safety.com http://www.airlinesafety.com/ 1 No Traveler Information. 

Misc. Travel Information for Pilots. 

Air Safety Online http://www.airsafetyonline.com/ 1 No Traveler Information. National Air Disaster Alliance/Foundation http://www.planesafe.org/ 1 Contains Links to Airline Support Groups. Deals with Airline 

Issues. 

The Aviation Safety Network http://aviation-safety.net/airlinesafety/index.html 3 Small Amount of Traveler Safety Info / Links to FAA Site. Aircraft Crash Database http://www.crashdatabase.com/ 1 Crash Information Only. 

No Traveler Information. 

Airline Safety Records.com http://www.airline-safety-records.com/ 1 A Report Card on Airlines. 

No Traveler Information. 

Aviation Reference Desk http://www.aviationreferencedesk.com/?source=ove

rture#Weather%20&%20Travel 

1 Links to Airline Safety Records. 

No Traveler Data. 
A3 Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes Compare Airlines http://travel.simplyquick.com/discount- airfares/airlines.html 1 No Traveler Data / Rates Airline Service and Safety. No Traveler Information. About.com – Traveling With Diabetes http://diabetes.about.com/cs/traveldiabetes/ 2 Abe’s Safety Tips http://www.travel-safety-and-health.com/ 3 Free Travel Tips.com http://www.freetraveltips.com/ 4 Information from a Travel Agency. Goal is to Get You to Purchase Tickets. All Topics Lead to a Purchase. Information is Bulky And Hard to Work Through. Includes Packing List & Kids Traveling Tips. Links to Other Travel Sites. National Center For Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/travel/ 1 Check on Health Information for Specific Travel Areas. (Disease Outbreaks Or Concerns). CabinSafety.com http://www.cabinsafety.com/home.html 1 Briefing Cards Only. Aviation Safety Magazine http://www.aviationsafetymagazine.com/index.html 1 Magazine for General Pilots. Equipped To Survive http://www.equipped.com 2 Survival Equipment / No Traveler Info Specific. Good Ditching and Equipment Info. 

RP Technologies http://www.rp-technologies.com 1 Aeroweld http://aeroweld.com 1 Builds Aviation Training Simulators. International Civil Aviation Organization http://www.icao.org 1 List Of Membership Organizations. A Study Of Factors Influencing The Evacuation Of Occupants In Fire Related Accidents 

1 Database of Accidents. 

Academics Of Flight http://members.aol.com/aofwebpage/fa.html 1 Flight Attendant Training Company. Flight Safety Foundation http://www.flightsafety.org/home.html 1 Foundation for Independent Research, Auditing, Education and 

Advocacy. Cabin Crew Safety Articles Available. 

Advanced Composite Technologies, Inc. http://www.advancedcompositetech.net/ 1 ICAO Member - Builds Aircraft Instrument Panels.Airbus Training Center http://www.airbus.com/customer/training.asp 1 Training for Flight Crews Only. 
A4 

Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes AirCare International Ltd. http://www.factsaircare.com/index.cfm?menugroup=FACTS+Home 1 Training for Flight Crew Only. Airline Ground Schools, Inc. http://www.agschools.com/index.htm 1 Ground School and Flight Training Only. Airman Flight Schools, Inc. http://www.airmanflightschool.com/ 1 Pilot Training Only. Airpack Inc. http://www.airpack.com/ 1 Air Freight Dangerous Chemicals Training (Packing and Handling). Airspace Safety Analysis Corp. http://www.asacinc.com/home.phtml 1 FAA Regulatory Compliance Training. American Airlines http://www.aa.com 2 Aerospace Medical Association http://www.asma.org/Publication/Tips_For_Travelers

2001.pdf 

2 General Health Information for Travelers. 

Averett University http://www.averett.edu/cat0204/aviation.html 1 Aeronautical Management Degree Program. Aviation Consultant Enterprise http://www.technojobs.co.uk/pages/D39789.html 1 Aviation Recruiters. International Air Transport Assoc. (IATA) http://www1.iata.org/index.htm 1 Aviation Training for Travel Agents. Aviation Language Schools Inc. http://web.idirect.com/~als/home.htm 1 Courses for Pilots, Flight Attendants, Maintenance Personnel, and 

Aircraft Dispatchers. 

Aviation Training Management, Inc. http://www.aviationtrainingatm.com 1 Pilot Training Only. Aviation Training Services / United Services http://www.ualservices.com/html/index.html 1 United Airlines Craftsmanship Training. United Airlines http://www.ual.com/page/article/0,,1821,00.html 2 Minimal Information Available. AviationCRM.com http://www.aviationCRM.com 1 Crew Resource Management Training Only. Aviem International Inc. http://www.aviem.com/services.html#information 1+ Trains in Airline Disaster Response. No Traveler Information. United Kingdom Air Accident Investigation http://www.aaib.dft.gov.uk/index.htm 1 United Kingdom’s Equivalent to American NTSB.AVSEC Inc. http://www1.iata.org/ice/avsec2002/index 1 Pre-empting the Threat – Conference Conducted by the 

International Air Transport Assoc. / Aviation Security Div. 
A5 Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes Big Bend Community College / Aviation http://www.bigbend.edu 1 Airframe and Powerplant Maintenance Training. Bijan Air, Inc. http://www.bijanair.com/school.html 1 Pilot Flight Training. Center For Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) The MITRE Corp. http://www.caasd@mitre.org 1 Provides Engineering, Research and Development, Information Technology. Federally Funded Research for the DOD, FAA, IRS. Central Missouri State University http://www.cmsu.edu/aviation 1 College of Aviation Only. Cloverpark Technical College http://www.cptc.edu 1 Aviation Maintenance Program. Cochise College / Aviation http://www.cochise.org/aviation/index_ie.htm 1 Professional Flight Technology, Aviation Maintenance and Avionics Technology Programs Only. College of Aeronautics Aviation Training Institute http://education.service-sites.com/aviation- school.htm 1 Airframe and Powerplant Maintenance Training. University of Illinois / Aviation http://www.aviation.uiuc.edu 1 Human Factors, Aircraft Maintenance, Airport Operations, Airport Fire and Professional Pilot Programs. Comair Aviation Academy http://www.comairacademy.com 1 Pilots Training Only. 

Community College Of Beaver County http://www.ccbc.cc.pa.us 1 Aerospace Management, Professional Pilots, Air Traffic Control. Crouse-Hinds Airport Lighting Products http://www.chalp.com 1 Airport Runway Lighting. CTI Consulting aka Counter Technology Inc. http://www.countertech.com/aboutus.html 1 Airport Vulnerability Assessments, Security Plan Development, 

Security Systems Design, Employee Background Investigations. 

Airport Council International (ACI) / North America 

http://www.aci-na.org 3 Small Amount of Traveler Preparation Info / Links to the TSA Site. 

AAAE: Archives Of American Aerospace Exploration 

http://scholar2.lib.vt.edu/spec/aerosp/aerohp.htm 1 Digital Library and Archives, University Libraries, Virginia 

Polytechnic Institute and State University. 

Aircraft Owners And Pilots Association http://www.aopa.org 2 Provides Aircraft Owners and Pilots a Monthly Magazine Focused

Primarily on Aviation Safety and Pilot Education. The Only Traveler Preparation Information Available is in Magazine Articles. 

Daniel Webster College / Aviation http://www.dwc.edu 1 Pilot Training Program Only. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University http://www.erau.edu 1 Aviation and Aerospace Education. 
A6 

Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes Delegated Engineering Representative Services Group Inc. 

http://www.ders-group.com 1 DER’s 

Delta Airlines http://www.delta.com/home/index.jsp 2 Available Information Applicable to Delta Airlines Travel Service 

Questions Only. 

Dangerous Goods International (DGI) Training Inc. 

http://www.dgitc@dgitraining.com 1 Dangerous Goods / Hazardous Materials Transportation Training 

Specialist. 

FACTS Training International / AirCare International 

http://www.facts-aircare.com 1 Flight Crew Training. 

Falco Dangerous Goods Services http://www.falcoDCservices@cs.com 1 Dangerous Goods Training. Family Assistance Foundation http://www.fafonline.org 1 Airline Disaster Support Services. Flight Dispatch Careers, Inc. http://www.flightdispatcher.org/classes/index.html 1 FAA Approved Flight Dispatch Training. Innovative Solutions Inc http://www.isicns.com 1 Satellite Based Communications, Navigation and Surveillance. Lufthansa Cargo http://www.lufthansa-cargo.com/ccLIVN5FECF9.html 1 Air Cargo Company. Reem Aviation Security Consultants http://www.gsctraining.com/gscs.htm 1 Ground Security Training / FAA Approved. Survival Systems USA, Inc. http://www.survivalsystemsinc.com/avcourselist.html 1 Aviation and Marine Safety Survival Courses.US Department of Transportation http://www.dot.gov/safety.html 3 Links to FAA and CAMI Web Sites. Internationalbenefits.com http://www.internationalbenefits.com/travel-safetytips.htm 1+ (Search: Traveler Safety Tips) This Site Is For An Insurance Company. No Aviation Related Information. Jorbins.com http://www.jorbins.com/travel_vacationing_magazine

/safetytravel.html 

1+ Magazine Article For Women Travelers. 

No Aviation Related Information. 

Center for Disease Control http://www.cdc.gov/travel 1+ No Aviation Related Information. Southwest Airlines http://www.iflyswa.com 3 Links to TSA Web Site with Links to FAA/CAMI Web Site. Enviro-Tech International http://www.etisurvival.com/pil.htm 1 (Search: Post Emergency Procedures) Aircraft Pilot Survival 

Training Company. 
A7 Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes Safe Skies International http://www.safe-skies.com/airline_safety.htm 3 Aviation Professionals Who Provide News, Safety Awareness, Aviation Knowledge And Regulatory Insight for the Flying Public. Jet Safety.com http://www.jetsafety.com 3 Crash Data, Safety Links. Barnes And Noble http://www.barnesandnoble.com 2 12,417 Books on “Safety”, 354 Books “Aviation Safety”, 84 Books on “Commercial Aviation Safety”, 9 Books on “Passenger Safety” . None Contain Accident Survival Information. Waldenbooks http://www.waldenbooks.com 2 Links to Amazon Web Site Only. Amazon http://www.amazon.com 2 230 Books (100 the Same As Barnes & Noble) Bureau Of Transportation Statistics / Pocket Guide To Transportation http://www.bts.gov/publications/pocketguide/pdf/entir e.pdf 1 DOT Statistical Data. Continental Airlines http://www.continental.com 3 Links to TSA Web Site. Northwest Airlines http://www.nwa.com 1 Frontier Airlines http://www.flyfrontier.com 1

Jet Blue http://www.jetblue.com 3 Links to TSA Web Site. Champion Air http://www.championair.com 1ATA (American Trans Air) http://www.ata.com 1Air Tran Airways http://www.airtran.com 2 Available Information Applicable to Air Tran Travel Questions Only. 

(Baggage Info) 

U S Airways http://www.usair.com 3 Links to TSA Web Site. Vanguard Airlines http://www.flyvanguard.com/home.asp 1 Filed Chapter 11 Bankruptcy. Lufthansa German Airlines http://cms.lufthansa.com/pre/de/en/homepage_Nofra

mes/0,4449,0-0-605242,00.html 

1 German Airline. 

Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) http://www.jaa.nl 1 The European Joint Aviation Authorities. Eurocontrol http://www.eurocontrol.be 1 European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation. 
A8 

Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) http://www.caa.co.uk 1 British Equivalent to the FAA. La Direction Generale de l’Aviation Civile http://www.dgac.fr/default_gb.htm 1 French Equivalent to the FAA. Luftfahrt-Bundesamt http://www.lba.de 1 German Equivalent to the FAA. Ente Nazionale per l’Aviazione Civile http://www.enac-italia.it 1 Italian Equivalent to the FAA. Federal Aviation Authority of Russia http://www.civilavia.ru 1 Russian Equivalent to the FAA. Alaska Airlines Horizon Airlines 

http://www.alaskaair.com http://horizonair.alaskaair.com 

3 Site Includes a Letter to Jim Loy, Head of The Transportation 

Safety Administration. Links to TSA Web Site. Duplicate Sites / Same Owner. 

Aloha Airlines http://www.alohaairlines.com/aq/index.shtm 1Arrow Airlines http://www.arrowair.com/index.htm 1 Became a Cargo Airline After the Crash of Flight 1285. Atlantic Coast Airlines http://www.atlanticcoast.com 2 Connects to Delta and United Airlines’ Web Sites. Chautauqua Airlines http://www.flychautauqua.com 1Big Sky Airlines http://www.bigskyair.com/index.php 1Chicago Express Airlines http://www.ata.com/prod_svcs/ata_connex.html 1Colgan Air, Inc. http://www.colganair.com 3 Links to US Airways. Crystal Airways http://www.crystalairways.com 1Hawaiian Airlines http://www.hawaiianair.com/about 1Mesa Air http://www.mesa-air.com/aircraft.html 1Miami Air International, Inc. http://www.miamiair.com 1Midwest Express Airlines http://www1.midwestexpress.com/home.asp 2Pan Am Airlines http://www.flypanam.com 1Sky Service Airlines http://www.skyserviceairlines.com 2
A9 Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes SkyWest Airlines http://www.skywest.com 1 Spirit Airlines http://www.spiritair.com/welcome.cfm?msg=Yes&La nguage=English 3 Links to TSA Web Site. Sun Country Airlines http://www.suncountry.com 2 Trans State Airlines http://www.transstates.net 2 Customer Survey Included on Web Site. Your Opinion Matters! West Jet Airlines LTD. http://c0dsp.westjet.com/internet/sky 2 Great Plains Airlines http://www.gpair.com/index.htm 1 America West Airlines http://www.americawest.com/homeIE.asp 3 Links to TSA Web Site. British Airways http://www.britishairways.com/travel/home/public/en _us 2 Title: Survival For Aircrew Author: Sarah-Jane Prew ISBN: 1 84014 521 8 Publisher: Ashgate Publishing Ltd Call Number: TL 553.7 .P748 1999 / CAMI Library 2 Crew Training. 

Title: Just In Case, A Passenger’s Guide To Airplane Safety And Survival Author: Johnson, Daniel A. ISBN: 0306415763 

Publisher: New York / Plenum Call Number: WD 740 J66J 1984 CAMI Library Book Out Of Print – Needs Updates 

5 Provides Passenger Emergency Information On Types Of 

Accidents, Behavior, Decompressions, In-flight Emergencies, How To Prepare For A Crash, Fire, Emergency Escape On Land, Ditchings, And Stress Reactions. No Traveler Preparation Data. 

The Volpe National Transportation Systems Center 

http://www.volpe.dot.gov 1 Research And Special Programs Administration Conducting 

Aviation Research For Advances In Technology. 

Title: Air Travel: How Safe Is It? Author: Taylor, Laurie ISBN: 0-632-03163-8 

Publisher: Blackwell Science Ltd. Call No: TL 553.5 T34 1988 CAMI Library 

1 Aircraft Design, Bird Strikes, Structure Failure, Weather Data, Etc. 

Title: Jet Smarter: The Air Traveler’s Rx Author: Fairechild, Diana ISBN: 1892997495 

Publisher: Anahola Hawaii: Flyana Rhyme Call No: WM 188 F35 1992 CAMI Library 

2 One Chapter On Passenger Education. “The Smarter Journey.” 

The Book Contains Negative Input. 

Title: The Backseat Flyer: Plane Sense About Flying As A Passenger Author: Anderson, Nina ISBN: 1884820352 

Publisher: Safe Goods, 1998 2 Provides A Small Amount Of Traveler Information. 
A1

0 

Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes Flying With Confidence http://www.uwillfly.com 2 Travel Preparation Information. Title: Survival Psychology Author: Leach, John ISBN: 0-8147-5090-7 

Publisher: New York University Press Call No: BF 789.D5 L43 1994 CAMI Library 

1 Psychological Responses To Disaster. 

Title: On A Wing And A Prayer Author: MacPherson, Malcolm ISBN: 0060959789 

Publisher: Harperperennial Library, 2002 Call No: TL 553.7 M34 CAMI Library 

1 Personal Accounts Of Airline Crash Survivors. 

Title: Safe Air Travel Companion Author: McKinnon, Dan ISBN: 0071406875 

Publisher: New York: McGraw Hill C2002 Call No: HE 9779M35 2002eb CAMI Library 

1 Good Information On Dealing With Terrorism. 

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES: Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes National Transportation Safety Board (2000). Safety Study. Emergency Evacuation of Commercial Airplanes. NTSB: SS-00/01 

http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2000/SS0001.pdf NTSB Report Regarding Emergency Evacuation. 

Why Planes Burn Written And Produced By Alec Nisbett 

NOVA / 1988 Video with Information from the FAA Tech Center on Aircraft 

Accidents/Incidents That Included a Fire. 

720 Crash Test NOVA / 1988 Video of Crash Test from the FAA Tech Center. Slide Methods CAMI / 1995 Video of Slide Beam Strength Performance During Egress. McLean, Palmerton, Chittum, George, & Funkhouser (1998). Office of Aviation Medicine Report. Inflatable Escape Slide Beam and Girt Strength Tests: Support for Revision of Technical Standard Order (TSO) C-69b. DOT/FAA/AM-98/3 

CAMI – OAM Report 

Proceedings of the Third International Aircraft Fire & Cabin Safety Research Conference, Oct 22 – 25, 2001 

DOT/FAA/AR-02/48 TP13910E JAA-OSPAG-2002-1 SM-169 

CD-ROM 
A11

Name of Web Site/Document Source Rating (1-5) * Special Notes McLean, George, Funkhouser, & Chittum (1996). Office of Aviation Medicine Report. Aircraft Evacuations Onto Escape Slides and Platforms I: Effects of Passenger Motivation. DOT/FAA/AM-96/18 

CAMI – OAM Report 

Parkinson, S.E.and Muir, H.C. (1995). The Effect of Training, Overtraining and Transfer of Training on Passenger Performance in a Simulated Aircraft Emergency. 

Research Report From The Department of Applied Psychology, Cranfield University, UK 

12th Annual International Aircraft Cabin Safety Symposium. 

Flashover, Learning To Beat It. (1991) Swede Survival Systems, Inc. Video on Flashover Turbulence Education And Training Aid – A Little Bumpy Air. (1997) 

Air Transportation Association of America / McDonnell Douglas 

Training Video 

Why Planes Go Down. (1996) VDI/ Fox Broadcasting Company Video On Aircraft Accidents 

* Rating Scale 

1. No travel preparation or emergency information available 2. Minimal travel preparation information available / No emergency data 

3. Minimal travel preparation information available / No emergency data / Links to other Web sites 

4. Good travel preparation information available / No emergency data 

• Possible Subject Matter: Travel Preparation, How to Dress, Baggage, Travel Documents, Special Needs, Dangerous Goods and Prohibited Items 

List, Medical Information, Airport Requirements, In-Flight Advice, Frequently Asked Questions, International Travel, Customs, and In-Flight 

Health.

5. Good safety and emergency information available 

• Possible Subject Matter: Types of Accidents, Behavior, Decompressions, In-Flight Emergencies, How to Prepare for a Crash, Fire, Emergency 

Escape on Land, Ditchings, and Stress Reactions After an Accident.