AC 61-89E

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Subject: PILOT CERTIFICATES: AC No: 61-89E

AIRCRAFT TYPE RATINGS

Date:

Initiated by: AFS-840/AFS-630

Advisory

Circular

1. PURPOSE. This advisory circular (AC)

provides a generic type rating curriculum that

may serve as a basis for schools to develop a

training program outline (TPO) to meet the

type rating training requirements of Title 14 of

the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) parts

61, 141, and 142. This AC also provides pilot

certificate designations adopted by the Federal

Aviation Administration (FAA) for aircraft type

ratings and standardizes aircraft designations

placed on pilot certificates to show type rating

qualifications.

2. CANCELLATION. AC 61-89D, Pilot

Certificates: Aircraft Type Ratings, dated

February 21, 1991, is canceled.

3. BACKGROUND. Training centers, pilot

schools, pilot examiners, and the general

aviation public have a continuing need for a

type rating reference such as that provided by

this circular. This AC provides a guideline for

schools and agencies that offer type rating

training. Programs operating under 14 CFR

parts 121, 135, 141, and 142 that offer only

type rating training are required to submit

training programs.

4. INTRODUCTION.

a. The content of this curriculum

(appendix 1) is based on the maneuvers and

procedures of section 61.157(e)(1)(2) and on

FAA-S-8081-5, Airline Transport Pilot and

Aircraft Type Rating Practical Test Standards

(PTS) for Airplane. The format of this

curriculum is based on FAA Order 8400.10,

Air Transportation Operations Inspector’s

Change:

Handbook, which provides detailed information

on training programs for part 121 and part 135

operators. This order is available from the

Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,

Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. If used, this generic

curriculum should be adapted to include specific

data and characteristics of the aircraft for which

the type rating is being issued.

b. Additional training requirements:

A pilot who has an AMEL certificate limited to

center thrust or an ASEL certificate to receive

a type rating in a multiengine aircraft must

complete multiengine land training as part of

the type rating course. Most airplanes that

require type ratings have more than 200

horsepower (or the equivalent thrust),

pressurization, and service ceilings and/or

maximum operating altitudes above 25,000

feet mean sea level. Pilots would therefore be

required to receive both a high-performance

endorsement and a high-altitude endorsement

in their logbook or training record before acting

as pilot in command of those airplanes. If they

do not have the endorsements when they begin

training for the type rating, the training for

those endorsements may be included in the

type rating curriculum if the airplane for which

the type rating is required fits the appropriate

description. However, separate logbook or

training record endorsements must be issued

for the type rating, high-performance, and/or

high-altitude training, as appropriate. If highperformance and high-altitude training is

conducted in conjunction with type rating

training, the high-performance and highaltitude training should include specific

operational aspects of the airplane. For example,

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AC 61-89E

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4

the high-altitude training recommended in AC

61-107, High-Altitude Operations, should

include the airplane’s particular systems and

procedures for operating at high altitudes

(such as the pressurization system and the

specific decompression and emergency

descent procedures described in the Airplane

Flight Manual (AFM) or Pilot's Operating

Handbook (POH)).

c. Although the requirements of

section 61.63(d)(6)(i) apply to additional

aircraft ratings, the generic curriculum in this

AC may be used for any aircraft that requires

a type rating. Regardless of whether this generic

curriculum is used, it is the responsibility of

each operator to update its curriculum as

necessary and to adapt that curriculum to the

specific aircraft, flight environment, and type

of flight operations that will be conducted. The

TPO should contain detailed information on

the type of operation, the training environment,

and completion standards. The instruction

provided in this curriculum is designed as

initial equipment training and consists of

approximately 50 hours of ground instruction,

15 hours of simulator or training device

instruction, and four flights in the airplane (15

hours, including ground time). The number of

hours is recommended and may be modified to

meet the training requirements.

d. Users of this AC should be aware that

qualification criteria exists in the most current

issues of AC 120-40, Airplane Simulator

Qualification; AC 120-45, Airplane Flight

Training Device Qualification; and part 121,

appendix H, Advanced Simulation Plan, for

flight simulators and flight training

devices.

e. The duration and specific content

of each lesson will depend on the aircraft for

which the type rating is sought and on the

type of the operation. For example, if the

aircraft is equipped with a simple autopilot,

the instruction on autoflight systems may

not take more than half an hour and can be

combined with another lesson. However, the

pilot may need to undergo more than 2 hours

of instruction before fully understanding the

operation of some sophisticated autopilots.

Examples of different types of operations

that may affect the length of each lesson are

visual flight rules (VFR) vs. instrument flight

rules (IFR) operations and single pilot vs.

two or more flight crewmembers. The

instructor should adjust the curriculum

accordingly, ensuring that the applicable

items contained in appendix 1 are covered.

f. Appendix 2 contains a revised list of

aircraft type designations which are placed on

pilot certificates.

g. Appendix 3 specifies the use of the

limitation area on the airman certificate for

operational restrictions associated with type

ratings, e.g., N-B-25, VFR ONLY or center

thrust limitations.

L. Nicholas Lacey

Director, Flight Standards Service
AC 61-89E

Appendix 1

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APPENDIX 1. CONTENTS

SEGMENT 1 - GENERAL OPERATIONAL SUBJECTS........................................................... 1

Lesson #1 - Introduction to the Aircraft and Operating Limitations (2 hours) ......... 1

Lesson #2 - Weight and Balance (2 hours) ............................................................................. 1

Lesson #3 - Adverse Weather Practices (2 hours) ............................................................... 2

Lesson #4 - Aerodynamics, Performance, Minimum Equipment List (MEL), and

Configuration Deviation List (CDL) (3 hours) ............................................................. 2

Lesson #5 - Segment 1 Written Examination........................................................................ 3

SEGMENT 2 - AIRPLANE SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS................................................... 3

Lesson #6 - Fuel and Oil Systems (3 hours) .......................................................................... 3

Lesson #7 - Powerplant(s) (3 hours)........................................................................................ 3

Lesson #8 - Electrical System (2 hours) ................................................................................. 4

Lesson #9 - Hydraulic System (2 hours) ................................................................................ 4

Lesson #10 - Landing Gear and Brakes (2 hours) ............................................................... 4

Lesson #11 - Pneumatics System (1 hour) ............................................................................. 5

Lesson #12 - Environmental System (3 hours) ..................................................................... 5

Lesson #13 - Flight Controls (4 hours) ................................................................................... 5

Lesson #14 - Ice and Rain Protection (2 hours)................................................................... 6

Lesson #15 - Fire and Overheat Protection (2 hours) ........................................................ 6

Lesson #16 - Flight Instruments (2 hours) ............................................................................ 6

Lesson #17 - Navigation Equipment and Display Systems (4 hours)............................. 7

Lesson #18 - Autoflight (2 hours) ............................................................................................. 7

Lesson #19 - Communications Equipment (1 hour) ........................................................... 7

Lesson #20 - Miscellaneous and Review (2 hours) .............................................................. 8

Lesson #21 - Segment 2 Written Examination ..................................................................... 8

SEGMENT 3 - AIRCRAFT-SPECIFIC EMERGENCY TRAINING.......................................... 8

Lesson #22 - Emergency Equipment (2 hours)..................................................................... 8

Lesson #23 - Abnormal and Emergency Procedures (4 hours)........................................ 8

Lesson #24 - Segment 3 Written Examination ..................................................................... 9

Lesson #25 - Review (3 hours) .................................................................................................. 9

Lesson #26 - Final Examination ............................................................................................... 9

SEGMENT 4 - SYSTEMS INTEGRATION TRAINING.............................................................. 9

Lesson #27 - Cockpit Familiarization and Use of Checklists (2 hours)....................... 10

Lesson #28 - Flight Maneuvers and Display Systems (2 hours) .................................... 10

Lesson #29 - Flight Operations and Use of Autopilot (3 hours) .................................... 11

Lesson #30 - Emergency Procedures (2 hours) .................................................................. 12

Lesson #31 - Normal/Abnormal Flight Operations Review; Use of Navigation

Systems (2 hours) ............................................................................................................... 12

Lesson #32 - Normal/Abnormal Flight Operations (2 hours) ......................................... 13

Lesson #33 - Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) (2 hours) ...................................... 13

Lesson #34 - Crew Resource Management (2 hours) ........................................................ 14
AC 61-89E

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APPENDIX 1. CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

SEGMENT 5 - FLIGHT INSTRUCTION......................................................................................15

Lesson #35 - Introduction to the Airplane; Basic Maneuvers (4 hours) ......................15

Lesson #36 - Proficiency Training (4 hours) .......................................................................16

Lesson #37 - Emergency Procedures; Proficiency (4 hours)...........................................16

Lesson #38 - Night Checkout; Review (3 hours) .................................................................18
AC 61-89E

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CURRICULUM

GROUND INSTRUCTION. Acceptable completion standards for each lesson and examinations

should be established by the operator. Many operators use a pass/fail system, while others may

prefer a minimum passing grade for written examinations.

SEGMENT 1 – GENERAL OPERATIONAL SUBJECTS

OBJECTIVE: The applicant will clearly understand operational requirements that are specific to

the aircraft for which the type rating is required.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the subject matter by passing a written examination to acceptable standards.

NOTE: Items indicated by an asterisk (*) are instrument procedures that apply only to type ratings

that are not restricted to VFR.

Lesson #1 – Introduction to the Aircraft and Operating Limitations (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the aircraft’s history, background,

operating limitations, and general characteristics.

B. Content:

1. Introduction and course overview.

2. General aircraft information – Manufacturer; other models; years of production; aircraft

authorizations and specifications; equipment and furnishings; unique characteristics.

3. Operating limitations.

4. AFM/POH – General layout, content, and use.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate, by oral testing and

discussion, an understanding of the lesson content.

Lesson #2 – Weight and Balance (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the weight and balance limitations of the

aircraft and be able to ensure the aircraft is properly loaded.

B. Content:

1. Computations of center of gravity (CG) location for specified load conditions, including

adding, removing, or shifting weight.

2. Determining if the computed CG is within the forward, aft, and lateral (if applicable)

limits for takeoff and landing.

3. Effects of fuel burn on CG.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate proficiency in using the

aircraft weight and balance charts to solve loading problems.
AC 61-89E

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Lesson #3 – Adverse Weather Practices (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the manufacturer’s recommended

practices for operating in adverse weather conditions.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Operations in ice, slush, and snow.

2. Operations in turbulence.

3. Operations in heavy precipitation.

4. Low level windshear encounter.

a. Takeoff under suspected windshear.

b. Suspected windshear approach.

5. Thunderstorm avoidance.

6. Thunderstorm precautions.

7. Cold weather precautions.

8. Low visibility operations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate, by oral testing and

discussion, knowledge of the manufacturer’s recommended adverse weather practices.

Lesson #4 – Aerodynamics, Performance, Minimum Equipment List (MEL), and

Configuration Deviation List (CDL) (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the aerodynamic, performance

characteristics, limitations, and MEL/CDL for the aircraft.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Review of aerodynamic fundamentals.

2. Airflow – Airfoils; wing type; aerodynamic effect of spoilers, speed brakes, flaps, slats, and

other configurations.

3. Low/high-speed aerodynamics and stability.

4. Recommended airspeeds during specific phases of flight.

5. Stall/spin characteristics and limitations.

6. Performance charts, tables, tabulated data, and other related AFM/POH information –

Accelerate-stop/accelerate-go distance; takeoff performance, with all engines and with

engine(s) inoperative; climb performance, with all engines and with engine(s) inoperative;

cruise performance; fuel consumption, range, and endurance; descent performance; and

other performance data (appropriate to the aircraft).

7. Normal, abnormal, and emergency performance characteristics.

8. Meteorological and weight-limiting performance factors (e.g., temperature, pressure,

contaminated runways, precipitation, climb/runway limits).

9. Inoperative equipment performance limiting factors ( e.g., MEL/CDL, inoperative antiskid).

10. Special operational conditions (e.g., unpaved runways and high-altitude airports).

11. Other information found in the approved AFM/POH on the aircraft’s aerodynamics,

performance, and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate use of the aircraft’s

performance charts to determine aircraft performance and limitations during all flight
AC 61-89E

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regimes. The applicant must also be familiar with a permitted inoperative component

MEL/CDL as it affects aircraft operation.

Lesson #5 – Segment 1 Written Examination – The applicant must be able to pass the written

examination on material covered during Segment 1.

SEGMENT 2 – AIRPLANE SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS

OBJECTIVE: The applicant will understand the aircraft system components, limitations, relevant

controls, actuators, annunciators, and procedures for various system configurations.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge of the

aircraft’s systems and components by passing a written examination to acceptable standards.

Lesson #6 – Fuel and Oil Systems (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the fuel and oil systems, including

 AFM/POH normal operating procedures.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Fuel system – Tank location(s) and venting systems; capacity; drains; pumps; distribution;

fuel injectors, carburetors or fuel control; fuel heat; controls; indicators; crossfeeding;

transferring; fuel grade, color, and additives; fueling and defueling procedures; emergency

substitutions; fuel jettison system.

2. Oil system – Capacity; grade; quantities; indicators.

3. AFM/POH normal procedures, limitations, and operational considerations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the aircraft’s fuel and oil systems.

Lesson #7 – Powerplant(s) (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the components and operation of the

powerplant(s).

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Powerplant – Type and thrust/horsepower; controls and indicators; induction system;

fuel injection/carburetion/fuel control; exhaust and turbocharging; cooling; fire detection/

protection; mounting points; turbine wheels; compressors; other applicable components

(thrust reversers, engine synchronizer).

2. Propellers – Type; controls; allowable wear; feathering/unfeathering; autofeather negative

torque sensing; synchronizing and synchrophasing.

3. Ignition system.

4. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the powerplant structure and operation.
AC 61-89E

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Lesson #8 – Electrical System (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the electrical systems and their operation.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Fundamentals of AC/DC electricity.

2. AC/DC power; battery/emergency bus; alternators; generators; fuses; circuit breakers

and current limiters; controls; indicators; external ground power; auxiliary power unit

(APU).

3. Normal AFM/POH operation and limitations of electrical power system units.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate, by oral testing and

discussion, knowledge and understanding of the electrical power systems, operation and

limitations.

Lesson #9 – Hydraulic System (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the hydraulic system and its operation

and limitations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Principles of hydraulics.

2. System construction features – Capacity; pumps; pressure; reservoirs; fluid grade;

regulators and accumulators.

3. Use of hydraulics – Systems and subsystems.

4. Normal AFM/POH operation and limitation of hydraulic system.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the hydraulic systems.

Lesson #10 – Landing Gear and Brakes (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the landing gear and brake system, its

operation and limitations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Landing gear system – Indicators; tires; nosewheel steering; skids; shocks.

2. Brakes – Components; operation.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge, understanding

and the operation of landing gear, brake systems and their limitations.
AC 61-89E

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Lesson #11 – Pneumatics System (1 hour)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the pneumatic systems, their operation

and limitations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Principles of pneumatics.

2. Description of system elements – Engine-driven pumps; bleed-air sources, routing,

venting, and controlling; pressure limiting devices.

3. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the airplane’s pneumatic system, its operation and limitations.

Lesson #12 – Environmental Systems (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the environmental systems and their

operation.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Heating; cooling; ventilation.

2. Air conditioning.

3. Pressurization – Components; controls; indicators; regulating devices; system operation;

emergency pressurization.

4. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the environmental systems and their operation.

Lesson #13 – Flight Controls (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the flight control

systems.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Primary flight controls (yaw, pitch, and roll devices).

2. Secondary flight controls (leading/trailing edge devices, flaps, trim, spoilers, speed

brakes, and damping mechanisms).

3. Associated devices such as stall or speed warning devices.

4. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant will be able to operate, demonstrate knowledge, and

understand the flight control systems and their limitations.
AC 61-89E

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Lesson #14 – Ice and Rain Protection (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the airplane’s ice

protection systems.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Ice detection.

2. Anti-ice/deice systems.

3. AFM/POH normal operating procedures and limitations.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant will be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the airplane’s ice protection systems and their limitations.

Lesson #15 – Fire and Overheat Protection (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the fire and overheat protection systems,

their operation and limitations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Fire and overheat sensors, loops, modules, or other means of providing visual and/or aural

indications of fire or overheat detection.

2. Automatic extinguishing systems.

3. Power sources necessary to provide detection of fire and overheat conditions in engines,

APU, cargo bay/wheel well, cockpit, cabin, and/or lavatories.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant will be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the fire/overheat protection systems and their limitations.

Lesson #16 – Flight Instruments (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the location, operation and limitations of

the flight instruments.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Panel arrangement.

2. Pilot static system and instruments – Operation of the system, including drains, pilot

heat, and alternate static sources; airspeed indicator bug settings, including markings;

altimeter; vertical speed indicator.

3. Vacuum system and instruments – Operation of the system, including gauges and

malfunction indications; attitude indicator; heading indicator; turn and slip indicator.

4. Electrically operated instruments – Turn and bank coordinator; attitude indicator; radio

altimeter.

5. Magnetic compass – Errors in and use of magnetic compass system.

6. Air data computer.

7. Stall avoidance and warning systems.
AC 61-89E

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C. Completion Standards: The applicant will be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the flight instrument systems and their position on the panel.

Lesson #17 – Navigation Equipment and Display Systems (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the navigation

equipment and display systems.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Aircraft transponders, radio altimeters, electronic flight instrumentation system (EFIS),

or computer-generated displays of aircraft position and navigation information.

2. Navigation receivers – VOR, NDB, RNAV, LORAN-C, GPS , DME, marker beacon.

3. Inertial navigation systems (INS) – Functional displays, fault indications, comparator

systems.

4. Flight director (FD).

5. Weather detection systems – Stormscope, radar.

6. Traffic collision and avoidance system (TCAS).

7. Flight management system (FMS).

8. Low-altitude windshear system.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must demonstrate knowledge and operation of the

airplane’s navigation equipment and display systems.

Lesson #18 – Autoflight (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the airplane’s

autoflight system.

B. Content (as applicable): Autopilot/autothrottle – Interface with aircraft flight director and

navigation systems, including automatic approach tracking, autoland, and automatic fuel or

performance management systems.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the autoflight system.

Lesson #19 – Communications Equipment (1 hour)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with and be able to operate the airplane’s

communications equipment.

B. Content (as applicable): VHF/HF radios; audio panels; interphone and passenger address

systems; voice recorder; ARINC communications addressing and reporting system.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the airplane’s communications systems and equipment.
AC 61-89E

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Lesson #20 – Miscellaneous and Review (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the systems and components which have

been covered and review Segment 2.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. All other systems included in the approved AFM/POH (e.g., stability augmentation

devices, squat switch systems, drag chute).

2. Review any problem areas from Segment 2 in preparation for the segment examination.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the material covered during this segment to pass the written Segment 2

examination to acceptable standards.

Lesson #21 – Segment 2 Written Examination – The applicant must be able to pass the written

examination on material covered during Segment 2.

SEGMENT 3 – AIRCRAFT-SPECIFIC EMERGENCY TRAINING

OBJECTIVE: The applicant will become familiar with emergency and abnormal procedures

associated with aircraft systems, structural design, and operational characteristics.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant will have successfully completed Segment 3 when

able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the emergency and abnormal procedures

specified in the approved AFM/POH by passing a written examination.

Lesson #22 – Emergency Equipment (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the location and use of emergency

equipment.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Survival gear.

2. Oxygen equipment and supply.

3. Emergency exits and escape slides.

4. Fire extinguisher(s).

5. Life vests and other personal flotation device(s).

6. Other emergency equipment.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge of the location

and use of the airplane’s emergency equipment.

Lesson #23 – Abnormal and Emergency Procedures (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the abnormal and emergency procedures

in the AFM/POH.
AC 61-89E

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B. Content (as applicable):

1. Abnormal starting procedures, including knowledge of external power source usage,

abnormal starting limitations, and the proper corrective action required in the event of

a malfunction.

2. Powerplant failure under circumstances, including but not limited to, prior to rotation,

during climbout, during cruise flight, during approach, and in instrument meteorological

conditions (IMC).

3. Rapid decompression and emergency descent.

4. Ditching and evacuation procedures.

5. Electrical failure.

6. Failure of navigation or communications equipment.

7. Hydraulic failure.

8. Landing gear and flap systems failure or malfunction.

9. In-flight fire.

10. Smoke control and removal.

11. Ice and rain protection.

12. Anti-icing or deicing system failure or malfunction.

13. Runaway stabilizer/trim.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the abnormal and emergency procedures.

Lesson #24 – Segment 3 Written Examination – The applicant must be able to pass the written

examination on material covered during Segment 3.

REVIEW AND FINAL EXAMINATION

Lesson #25 – Review (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will be prepared to successfully accomplish the final examination.

B. Content: All material covered during Segments 1-3.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate knowledge and

understanding of the material covered during ground training that is applicable to the

aircraft.

Lesson #26 – Final Examination

SEGMENT 4 – SYSTEMS INTEGRATION TRAINING

OBJECTIVE: The applicant will be able to operate the simulator or training device and understand

the interrelation between the aircraft’s systems and normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant will have successfully completed Segment 4 when

able to demonstrate proficiency, by performing the maneuvers and procedures of part 61, to PTS

standards on the simulator/training device portion of the practical test.
AC 61-89E

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Lesson #27 – Cockpit Familiarization and Use of Checklists (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with the crew briefing, cockpit layout,

checklists, and normal operating procedures and will be able to fly the aircraft, maintaining

attitude and orientation.

B. Content:

1. Preflight familiarization.

2. Introduction – Cockpit familiarization.

a. Airplane systems operation and location of systems indicators, gauges, and warning

devices.

b. Activation of airplane system controls and switches.

c. Use of checklists – Safety checks, cockpit preparation, checklist sequence.

3. Flight.

a. Normal procedures.

b. Pretakeoff checks, crew briefing, as appropriate to the airplane type.

c. Normal or crosswind takeoffs – Knowledge of airspeeds, configurations, and emergency

procedures recommended by the manufacturer for existing conditions. Following

takeoff, performance of required pitch changes, gear and flap retractions, power

adjustments, and other required pilot-related activities at the required airspeed/Vspeeds within the tolerances established in the AFM/POH.

d. Airspeed /V-speed control.

e. Straight and level cruise flight.

f. Climbs.

g. Descents.

h. Level, climbing, and descending turns.

i. In-flight pressurization control.

j. Approach to landing and landings.

(1) Appropriate configurations.

(2) Normal or crosswind landings.

4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: At the completion of this lesson, the applicant shall demonstrate

familiarity with the airplane checklists and normal operating procedures.

Lesson #28 – Flight Maneuvers and Display Systems (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will continue cockpit orientation and will review basic in-flight

maneuvers and approaches (if applicable).

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Introduction – Display systems operation (weather radar and other EFIS displays).

3. Flight.

a. Review of previous lesson.

b. Normal takeoffs.
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c. Slow flight.

d. Approach to stalls and recovery. For the purpose of this maneuver, the required

approach to a stall is reached when there is a perceptible buffet or other response (stall

warning or stick shaker, depending on the airplane devices) to the initial stall entry.

(1) Takeoff configuration.

(2) Clean configuration.

(3) Landing configuration.

e. Steep turns.

f. Unusual attitudes.

g. Normal ILS approaches (coupled and manual).*

4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall demonstrate competency in performing the

maneuvers and procedures contained in this lesson to levels consistent with the PTS.

Lesson #29 – Flight Operations and Use of Autopilot (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will review instrument procedures (if applicable) and further

develop the skills required for normal flight operations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Introduction – Autoflight operation (autopilot, flight director, normal and abnormal

indications and annunciators lights).

3. Flight.

a. Review of previous lesson.

b. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP) and Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STAR).

c. Adherence to simulated air traffic control (ATC) clearances and to airspeed restrictions

and adjustments required by regulations or the AFM/POH.

d. Use of autoflight system.

e. Performance of checklist items appropriate to the area of arrival.

f. Establishment, where appropriate, of a rate of descent consistent with the aircraft

operating characteristics and safety.

g. Holding, including entering, maintaining, and leaving holding patterns.*

h. Instrument approaches.*

(1) Precision approaches.

(2) Nonprecision approaches, including circling approaches at the authorized minimum

circling approach altitude.

(3) Missed approaches from precision and nonprecision approaches, including circling

approaches.

4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall demonstrate competency in performing the

maneuvers and procedures contained in this lesson to levels consistent with the PTS.
AC 61-89E

Appendix 1

12

8/4/00

Lesson #30 – Emergency Procedures (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will practice the emergency procedures recommended in the

approved AFM/POH. The applicant will demonstrate proper knowledge of the flight

characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering with powerplant(s) inoperative

as appropriate to the airplane, including control of airspeed, configuration, direction,

altitude, and attitude.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Introduction.

3. Flight.

a. Review of previous lesson.

b. Emergency procedures checklist familiarization.

c. Start malfunctions.

d. Instrument takeoff (simulated IMC at 100 feet).*

e. Powerplant failure(s) in flight.

f. In-flight fire.

g. Rapid decompression emergency procedures.

h. ILS approach with a simulated failure of one powerplant. The failure should occur

before initiating the final approach course and must continue to touchdown or through

the missed approach procedure.*

4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall display complete understanding of emergency

and abnormal procedures as recommended by the manufacturer in the AFM/POH.

Lesson #31 – Normal/Abnormal Flight Operations Review; Use of Navigation Systems

(2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall develop skills in normal flight operations and in abnormal

flight situations with selected system malfunctions and gain skill in operating the airplane’s

navigation systems.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Introduction – Navigation systems.

a. Preflight and operation of applicable receivers.

b. Onboard navigation systems.

c. Flight plan information input and retrieval.

3. Flight.

a. Review of previous lesson.

b. Cold weather operation.

c. Rejected takeoff.

d. Climb to and cruise at high altitude, both with and without autopilot.

e. Use of navigation systems.

f. Ice and rain protection system operation and malfunction procedures.

g. Fuel systems malfunction.
AC 61-89E

Appendix 1

13

8/4/00

h. Engine(s) inoperative landing from an ILS.*

i. Engine(s) inoperative nonprecision approach, circle to land.*

4. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall display complete understanding of the airplane’s

navigation systems and of emergency and abnormal procedures as recommended by the

manufacturer.

Lesson #32 – Normal/Abnormal Flight Operations (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall further develop skills in normal and abnormal flight

operations.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Flight.

a. Review of previous lesson.

b. Hot weather operation.

c. Takeoff with engine failure after V1 and before V2.

d. Inadvertent overspeed recovery procedures.

e. Turbulence penetration.

f. Hydraulic system malfunction.

g. Flight control malfunctions.

h. Emergency gear extension.

i. No flap approach and landing.

j. Precision and nonprecision instrument approaches (normal and engine(s) inoperative).*

3. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall demonstrate understanding of and proficiency

in the aircraft’s normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures to PTS standards.

Lesson #33 – Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall be able to conduct a cross-country flight using the airplane’s

available equipment. During the flight, the instructor shall evaluate the applicant’s proficiency

level in the maneuvers and procedures covered during the course as well as during earlier

training (high-altitude enroute procedures, etc.). The instructor should identify and correct

any maneuvers that may require additional instruction.

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Introduction – Flight planning.

a. Performance limitations (meteorological, weight, and MEL items).

b. Required fuel loads.

3. Flight.

a. Preflight planning.

b. Instrument Departure Procedure (DP).
AC 61-89E

Appendix 1

14

8/4/00

c. Compliance with manufacturer’s recommendations for power settings; airspeeds;

rate of climb; configuration.

d. Adherence to actual or simulated ATC clearances (including assigned radials) and to

airspeed restrictions and adjustments required by regulations or the AFM/POH.

e. Enroute.

(1) Appropriate use of oxygen and pressurization systems.

(2) Proper use of available navigation facilities and appropriate enroute procedures.

(3) Review of maneuvers and procedures from previous lessons, including simulated

emergencies.

f. Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STAR).

(4) Performance of checklist items appropriate to the area arrival.

(5) Establishment, where appropriate, of a rate of descent consistent with the aircraft

operating characteristics and safety.

(6) Manually controlled ILS approach with a simulated failure of one powerplant. The

simulated failure should occur before initiating the final approach course and

continue to touchdown or through the missed approach procedure. *

4. Postflight critique and preview of practical test.

C. Completion Standards: The applicant shall be able to demonstrate competency in performing

the maneuvers and procedures required for the practical test to levels consistent with the

PTS.

Lesson #34 – Crew Resource Management (2 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with Crew Resource Management (CRM)

techniques and be able to facilitate the smooth flow of information and application of skills

between flight and ground crewmembers and ATC resulting in a safe, organized flight.

B. Content:

1. Human physiology.

a. Rest, naps, and sleep.

b. Effects of drugs and alcohol.

c. Smoking.

d. Other stresses; e.g., divorce, finance.

e. Eating habits.

f. Stress management.

2. Getting along with others.

a. Hazardous attitudes.

b. Communications skills.

3. Aeronautical decision making.

a. Risk assessment.

b. Risk management.

c. How to develop decision making skills.

4. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).

a. Use of checklists by the crew.

b. Challenge/No response.

c. Pilot flying vs. pilot not flying roles.

d. Abnormal/Emergency procedures.

e. First flight of the day.
AC 61-89E

Appendix 1

15

8/4/00

f. Critical situations.

g. Deviations from the SOP.

C. Completion Standards: This lesson is complete when the applicant is able to demonstrate

satisfactory knowledge on a written examination on the lesson subject matter.

SEGMENT 5 – FLIGHT INSTRUCTION

Time allocations are suggested only and should be adjusted according to the applicant’s ability, the

type of airplane and equipment, and the type of operation.

OBJECTIVE: The applicant shall apply the knowledge and skill acquired during ground training

to the airplane.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant shall demonstrate proficiency in handling and

operating the airplane by passing the flight portion of the practical test to levels consistent with the

PTS.

Lesson #35 – Introduction to the Airplane; Basic Maneuvers (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall become familiar with the airplane and the local training

environment, and will be able to apply the knowledge gained from ground training to the

operation of the airplane.

B. Content:

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Introduction.

a. Airplane documentation – Registration; airworthiness certificate; maintenance logs;

MEL/CDL.

b. Preflight inspection – Complete visual inspection of interior and exterior, using

appropriate checklist.

C. Flight.

1. Prestart checklist.

2. Control system checks.

3. Normal starting procedures.

4. Radio and electronic equipment checks.

5. Systems operations familiarization and additional checks described in the approved

AFM/POH, checklists, or other approved material appropriate to the airplane type and

type of flight.

6. Taxiing.

7. Pretakeoff checks, crew briefing as appropriate to the airplane type.

8. Normal or crosswind takeoffs.

9. Airspeed/V-speed control.

10. Straight and level cruise flight.

11. Climbs.

12. Descents.

13. Level, climbing, and descending turns.

14. Steep turns.
AC 61-89E

Appendix 1

16

8/4/00

15. Approach to stalls.

a. Takeoff configuration.

b. Clean configuration.

c. Landing configuration.

16. Approach to landing and landings.

a. Appropriate configurations.

b. Normal or crosswind landings.

17. Engine shutdown procedures.

D. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

E. Completion Standards: At the completion of this lesson, the applicant shall demonstrate

basic airmanship qualities and understanding of flight characteristics of the aircraft.

Lesson #36 – Proficiency Training (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall gain proficiency in takeoffs, landings, VFR patterns, and will

begin instrument work, if applicable. This lesson should further acquaint the applicant with

the local training area.

B. Content.

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Flight.

a. Review of previous lesson.

b. Practice takeoffs and landings to become proficient with power settings, airspeeds,

and attitudes for flying a VFR pattern.

c. Takeoff with simulated IMC at or before reaching an altitude of 100 feet above the

airport elevation.*

d. ILS to missed approach.*

e. ILS approach and landing.*

f. Nonprecision approach to the circling minimum descent altitude (MDA), followed by

a change in heading and the necessary visual maneuvering to maintain a flight path

that permits a normal landing on a runway at least 90° from the final approach course

of the simulated instrument portion of the approach.*

C. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

D. Completion Standards: At the completion of this lesson, the applicant must be able to perform

the maneuvers contained in this lesson to PTS standards and takeoff and land without

assistance from the instructor.

Lesson #37 – Emergency Procedures; Proficiency (4 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant shall be able to perform emergency procedures that can be safely

simulated in the airplane. Although not all emergencies can be safely simulated in the

airplane, those that can should be practiced in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations.
AC 61-89E

Appendix 1

17

8/4/00

B. Content (as applicable):

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Review of previous lessons.

3. Introduction – Emergency procedures review.

4. Flight.

a. Powerplant failure(s).

b. On takeoff roll, before reaching a specified airspeed/V1 speed. The rejected takeoff

should encompass using the recommended braking procedure; maintaining positive

control; and accomplishing the appropriate powerplant failure procedures as

recommended by the appropriate checklist.

c. In multiengine airplanes, on climbout with a simulated failure of the most critical

powerplant at a point appropriate to the airplane type under the prevailing conditions

and in normal cruise flight. The recovery procedures should be as specified in the

AFM/POH and will include setting powerplant controls; reducing drag as necessary;

correctly identifying and verifying the inoperative powerplant; maintaining positive

aircraft control; attempting to determine the reason for the powerplant failure; and

following the prescribed aircraft checklist to secure the inoperative engine. When the

engine is actually shut down and feathered (if appropriate), the proper powerplant

restart procedures should be followed in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommended procedures and pertinent checklist items.

d. In single-engine airplanes, establishing and maintaining the recommended best glide

airspeed; selecting a suitable airport or landing area that is within the performance

capability of the aircraft; following the emergency checklist items appropriate to the

aircraft; maintaining positive aircraft control throughout the maneuver; and using

airplane configuration devices, such as landing gear and wing flaps, in a manner

recommended by the manufacturer. Landings from a forward slip should be practiced,

as should spot simulated emergency landings from 1,000 feet above ground level

(AGL) with a 180° change of direction.

e. Runaway stabilizer.

f. Simulated loss of pressurization – Rapid decompression emergency procedures.

(1) Knowing the location and correct use of oxygen masks.

(2) Rapid descent.

g. Manually controlled ILS approach with a simulated failure of one powerplant. The

simulated failure should occur before initiating the final approach course and must

continue to touchdown or through the missed approach procedure.*

h. Zero-flap landing to simulate inoperable full or partial flaps, leading edge flaps, and

other similar devices.

C. Postflight critique and preview of next lesson.

D. Completion Standards: At the completion of this lesson, the applicant will be proficient in the

manufacturer’s recommended emergency procedures for the airplane and will be able to

competently demonstrate their execution in a simulated emergency situation.
AC 61-89E

Appendix 1

18

8/4/00

Lesson #38 – Night Checkout; Review (3 hours)

A. Objective: The applicant will become familiar with night operations in the airplane.

B. Content:

1. Preflight discussion.

2. Review of previous lessons.

3. Introduction – Night flying.

C. Flight:

1. Night aircraft inspection.

2. Use of cockpit and cabin lights.

3. Airplane lights (navigation; strobe; recognition beacon; landing; taxi and logo).

4. Takeoff and landing practice, including a simulated electrical failure.

5. Recovery from unusual attitudes in cruise flight.

6. Multiple instrument approaches.*

7. Review of any areas needing additional work.

D. Postflight critique and preview of practical test.

E. Completion Standards: The applicant must be able to demonstrate the ability to accurately

control all aspects of flying the airplane at night, including night emergency procedures.

PRACTICAL TEST

OBJECTIVE: The applicant shall be able to demonstrate knowledge of operational proficiency in

the airplane and its systems during the practical test.

CONTENT:

A. Oral examination.

B. Flight test.

1. Simulator/training device.

2. Airplane.

C. Evaluation and critique.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: The applicant shall demonstrate the proficiency required to pass

the practical test.
AC 61-89E

8/4/00 Appendix 2

1

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS

This appendix provides pilot certificate designations adopted by the FAA for aircraft type

ratings. It incorporates all revisions to previous listings, including new designations for aircraft

type certificated as of August 4, 2000.

The designations in column 4 of appendix 2 have been entered on all pilot certificates

issued or reissued with aircraft type ratings since May 1, 1977.

Previously used designations listed in column 3 of appendix 2 will remain in effect and

will not require a reissuance or conversion to the new type rating designations in effect as of

August 4, 2000.
AC 61-89E

Appendix 2 8/4/00

2

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES

MANUFACTURER MODEL

DESIGNATION

PRIOR

DESIGNATION

CURRENT

DESIGNATION

Aero Commander Division

North American Rockwell Corp

1121 Jet Commander

Commodore Jet 1123

AC-1121

CJ-1123

IA-JET

Aerospatiale, France SN 601 Corvette SN-601

Aerospatiale/Aeritalia, France ATR-42, ATR-72 ATR-42, ATR-72

Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft,

Ltd., UK

Argosy AW 650 Armstrong Whitworth

AW-650

AW-650

Avions Dassault, General

Aernautique Marcel, Dassault,

France

Mystere 10 Falcon DA-10

Mystere 20 Falcon, Fan Jet GAMD/SUD-20 DA-20

Falcon 50-A, DA 900,

DA 900C, DA 900EX

DA-50

Fan Jet Model 200 DA-200

Falcon DA-2000 DA-2000

Beech Aircraft Corp., USA

Wichita, KS

BE-200T/200TC (Restricted) BE-200

BE-300, BE-350,

BE-300LW, BE-B300

BE-300

BE-300FF BE-300FF

BE1900, BE1900C, BE1900D,

C-12J (Military)

BE1900

BE-2000S (single pilot)

BE-2000

BE-2000S

BE-2000

Diamond I, MU-300,

MU-300-10, BE-400 and

400T (USAF T-1A Jayhawk)

MU-300 MU-300, BE-400

Boeing Co., USA 247-D Boeing 247 B-247

314 Boeing 314 B-314

S-307, SA-307 Boeing 307 B-307

377, C-97, YC-97 Boeing 377 B-377

707, 720,

C-135, VC-137, E3-A, E6-A/B

C-18B, EC-18B, EC-18D

Boeing 707/720 B-707/B-720

727 Boeing 727 B-727

737/100/200/300/400/500/600/

700/800, T-43

Boeing 737 B-737

T-747, E-4, 747SP Boeing 747 B-747

B-747-400 B-747-4

757, 767, C-32A Boeing 757, 767 B-757, B-767

B-777-200 B-777

Boeing Commercial Airplane

Company, USA

B-17

DC-9, DC-9-50, C-9, DC-9-80,

MD-80, MD-88, MD-90,

MD-90(EFD)

Boeing B-17

Douglas DC-9

B-17

DC-9

Breguet, France

Bombardier Aerospace, Canada

(Formerly Canadair Ltd.)

Fauvette 905A

BD-700-1A10

BG 905

BBD-700

Bristol Aircraft Ltd., UK Britannia 305 BR-305

British Aerospace/Taiwanese

Aerospace Corp.

BAE-146-70/85/100/115 Series BAE-146 BAE-146, AVR-146
AC 61-89E

8/4/00 Appendix 2

3

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES (CONTINUED)

BAE-ATP BAE-ATP

BAE-125-1000

HP.137, MK.1

Jetstream Series 200

Jetstream 3101, 3201

BAE-125

BAE-3100

Jetstream 4100 BA-4100

British Aerospace Corporation

Concorde SST CONCRD

British Aircraft Corp., UK BAC 1-11 BAC-1-11 BA-111

Bushmaster Aircraft Bushmaster 2000 BU-2000

Canadair, Ltd., Canada CL-44 (Yukon) Canadair CL-44

CL600-2B19 CL-65

CL-215-1A10 CL-21 CL-215

CL-415 CL-415

(Challenger)

CL-600, CL-601, CL-6013A

CL-600

CL-604, CL-600-2B16 CL-604

Cessna Aircraft Corp., USA CE-500, 501, 550, 552, 550S,

550B,, 560, 560 ULTRA, US

ARMY UC-35, T-47

CE-500

CE-525, CE-525S CE-525, CE-525S

CE-560XL CE-560XL

Citation III, Model 650

Citation VI, VII

CE-650

Model CE-750 (Citation X) CE-750

Chase (also Roberts Aircraft

Co.), USA

YC-122 Chase YC-122 YC-122

Consolidated Vultee Aircraft (See General Dynamics Corp.)

Convair (See General Dynamics Corp.)

Constructiones Aeronautics

S.A.

CASA (Model)

C-212-CB

CA-212

CN-235-100/200/300, C-295 CN-235 C-295

Curtiss-Wright Corp., USA Commando CW-20 Curtiss-Wright, C-46 CW-46

Dart Aircraft Corp. (See General Dynamics Corp.)

deHavilland Aircraft of

Canada Ltd., Canada

Caribou 4A

USAF C7A, Army CV2

deHavilland

Caribou DH-4

DH-4

DHC-7 DHC-7

DHC-8 DHC-8

Dee Howard Co., USA Howard 500 Howard 500 HW-500

Dornier, Deutsche Aerospace,

Friedrickshafen, Germany

DO-228-101

DO-328-100

DO-228

DO-328

DO-328-300 DO-328JET

Douglas Aircraft Co. (See McDonnell Douglas)

Empresa Brasileira de

Aeronautica, Brazil

EMB-110P1, P2, P3

EMB-120

EMB-110

EMB-120

EMB-135, EMB- 145 EMB-145

Fairchild Aircraft Corp., USA Friendship F-27, F-227

SA 226-TC, SA 227-AT, TT,

AC, BC, CC, DC, C-26A/B

Fairchild F-27/227 F-27

SA-227

C-119C FA-119C

C-123 FA-C123

Fairchild Hiller C-82A C-82A

Fokker, Netherlands Fokker F27 Mark100, 200, 300,

400, 500, 600, 700, and 800,

Fairchild F-27, 27A, B, J, M

Fairchild Hiller FH-227, FH227B/C/D/E

Fellowship F-28

(Models 1000 & 4000)

F-27

FK-28

Fokker 28 MK 0100, 0070 FK-100
AC 61-89E

Appendix 2 8/4/00

4

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES (CONTINUED)

Ford Motor Corp., USA Tri-Motor 4-AT

5-AT, FO-5

Ford-5 FO-5

General Dynamics Corp., USA PB2Y, PB2Y-5 Consolidated-Vultee PB2Y CV-PB2Y

PB4Y-2, QP-4B Consolidated-Vultee P4Y CV-P4Y

PBY-5, 5A, 6A, 28-4, 28-5

28-5ACF, AMC, OA-10, A

Consolidated-Vultee PBY-5 PBY-5

LB-30, C87A, RB-24 Consolidated-Vultee LB-30 CV-LB30

240, 340, 440, T-29, C-131 Convair 240/340/440 CV-240/340/440

22, 22M (880) (090) Convair 880/990 CV-880, CV-990

Napier-Eland Napier-Eland

Convair

CV-N1, CV-N2

Mark I, Mark II,

Allison Project

Mark I/II

Convair 340, 440, 580 Allison 340/440 CV-A340, CV-A440

Dart Convair 240, 340, 440 Convair 600/640 CV-600, CV-640

Groupement d’Interet

Economique Airbus Industries,

France

A-300B Airbus A-300

A-300-600R, A-310 A-310

A-319, A320, A-321

A-330-200/300 Series

A-320

A-330

A-340-200/300 Series A-340

Grumman Aircraft Engineering

Corp., USA

TBF, TBM AF-2A

(Ref. T.O.AR-36)

Grumman TBF G-TBM

G-64 Albatross, GSA16

HU-16RD

G-111

G-73 Turbo Mallard

(Frankes Conversion)

FA-73T G-73T

G-73 Mallard Grumman G-73 G-73

S2F/C1A, S2F-1, S2F-3 G-S2

Gulfstream Aerospace

Corporation, USA

G-159 Gulfstream

VC-4A, TC-4C

Grumman G-159 G-159

G-1159, A, B, C-20A, B, C, D,

E

Grumman G-1159 G-1159

G-1159C, C-20F,

C-20G, C-20H

Variant G-1159 A&B, GIV

G-IV

G-V

Hamburger FlugZeubau

G.M.B.H., Germany

Hansa Jet 320 HF-320

Handley Page Aircraft

Co., Ltd., UK

Herald 300 Handley Page 300 HP-300

Hawker Siddeley

Aviation Ltd., UK

DH-106, Comet 4C deHavilland 4C HS-106

DH-114 Heron Hawker Siddeley 114 HS-114

(Also see Raytheon Hawker

Corporate Jets)

DH-125, BH-125, HS-125

Series (Except 1000) & HS125/800XP

Hawker Siddeley 748

HS-125

HS-748

Howard Aero Corp. (See Dee Howard Co,)

Israel Aircraft Ltd., Israel IA-GALAXY

Westwind 1124

GALAXY

IA-JET

Astra IAI-1125 IA-1125

(See Aero Commander) ARAVA IA 101B IA-101

Learjet Corp. 23, 24, 25,

28, 29, 31, 35,

36, 55, C21-A

LR-23, LR-24,

LR-25, LR-28,

LR-29, LR-35,

LR-36, LR-50

JR-JET

45

60

LR-45 LR-45

LR-60
AC 61-89E

8/4/00 Appendix 2

5

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES (CONTINUED)

LET as Corporation 686 04

Kundovice Czech Republic/

Ayres Corporation, Albany, GA

L-420 L-420

Lockheed Aircraft Corp., USA Lightning P-38 Lockheed P-38 L-P38

B-34, PV-1, PV-2 Lockheed B-34 L-B34

Series 14 Lockheed 14 L-14

18, C-57, C-60, R-50,

Learstar

Lockheed 18 L-18

P2V7 (Restricted), LP2V-5F L-P2V

Constellation )49, 149,

649, 749, 1049, 1946

Lockheed Constellation L-1049

Electra 188A/C, P-3, EA Lockheed 188 L-188

Jetstar, C-140, Jetstar II Lockheed 1329 L-1329

382, B/E/F/G, C-130A/B/E/H Lockheed 382 L-382

300, C-141 Lockheed 300 L-300

L-1011 Tristar L-1011

T-33 T-33

Lockheed Martin Aero Systems L-382J L382J

Martin-Marietta Corp., USA B-26 Marauder Martin B-26C M-B26

PBM-5, C-162 Martin PBM-5 M-PBM-5

Mariner 202/404 Martin 202/404 M-202, M-404

McDonnell Douglas Aircraft

Corp., USA

AD-4N AD-4N

A-20 Douglas A-20 DC-A20

A-24, SBD Douglas A-24 DC-A24

PB-26 Douglas B-26 DC-B26

B-18 Douglas B-18 DC-B18

B-23, UC-67 Douglas-23 DC-B23

DC-2, C-32, C-34,

C-39, C-42

Douglas DC-2 DC-2

DC-3, C-47, C-117 Douglas DC-3 DC-3

Super DC-3, C-117D Douglas DC-3S DC-3S

DC-3 (Turboprop) DC-3TP

DC-4, C-54 Douglas DC-4 DC-4

DC-6, DC-7, C-118 Douglas DC-6, DC-7 DC-6, DC-7

DC-8 Douglas DC-8 DC-8

DC-10, KC-10 DC-10

MD-11 MD-11

Mitsubishi Aircraft

International, Inc.

YS-11 YS-11 YS-11

Morane-Saulnier, France MS760 Morane-Saulnier, MS-760 MS-760

Nihon Aeroplane

Manufacturing

Co., Ltd., Japan

YS-11 NAMC YS-11 YS-11

Nord Aviation 262A Super

Broussard, Mohawk 298

Nord 262

ND 262/262FM

ND-262

North American Rockwell

Corp., USA

B-25 Mitchell North American N-B25

NA-265 Sabreliner, T-39 North American, NA-265 N-265

Northrop Corp., USA P-61 Black Widow Northrop P-61 NH-P61

Piaggio, Italy Piaggio-Douglas 808 Piaggio Douglas PD-808 P-808

Piper Aircraft, USA PA-42-720 (Restricted) PA-42R

Raytheon Hawker Corporate

Jets

(Also see Hawker Siddeley)

BAE-125-11000

DH-125, BH-125, HS-125

Series (except -1000)

Hawker Siddeley 125

BAE-125

HA-125

SAAB-Fairchild International,

S-58188 Linkoping, Sweden

SAAB-Fairchild 340 SF-340
AC 61-89E

Appendix 2 8/4/00

6

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—AIRPLANES (CONTINUED)

SAAB Aircraft AB, Sweden SAAB-2000 SA-2000

Short Brothers and Harland

Ltd., Northern Ireland (UK)

SD3-30, SD3-60

Variant 200

SD3-30 SD-3

Sikorsky Aircraft Division

of United Aircraft Corp., USA

VS-44AC-32, C-34

S-43

Sikorsky VS-44

Sikorsky S-43

SK-44

SK-43

Sud Aviation, France SE Caravelle I, II VIR SUD 210 S-210

Swearingen Fairchild

Aircraft Corp.

SA 226-TC,

SA-227-AC, BC, AT, TT

SA-227-DC

C-26A, C-26B, SA-227-CC

SA-227

Vickers-Armstrong British

Aircraft Corp., UK

700 and 800 Series Vickers Viscount VC-700, VC-800
AC 61-89E

8/4/00 Appendix 2

7

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—ROTORCRAFT

MANUFACTURER MODEL

DESIGNATION

PRIOR

DESIGNATION

CURRENT

DESIGNATION

Bell, USA BH-214ST BH-14ST

Boeing Vertol, USA 107-11, H-46

Kawasaki, KV107-H

Vertol 107 H BV-107

114, Ch-47A, B, and C series

BV-234

BV-114

BV-234

BV-44, H-21 Vertol 44 BV-44

Sikorsky, USA H-37 Series SK-56

S-58 Series,

H-34 Series

Sikorsky S-58, S-581T SK-58

S-61 Series,

H-3 Series

Sikorsky S-61 SK-61

S-64 Series

CH-53A Series

Sikorsky S-64 SK-64

HH-53, CH-53A Sikorsky S-65 SK-65

Sud Aviation, USA SA321F S-321

SA330F, SA-332

AS-330

S-330

The following applies to helicopters weighing 12,500 pounds or less on which type ratings are issued to holder of

airline transport pilot certificates only.

MANUFACTURER MODEL

DESIGNATION

PRIOR

DESIGNATION

CURRENT

DESIGNATION

Aerospatiale, France SA 341-342 Gazelle

SA 360

SA-341

AS 350 Astar AS-350

SA 355 Twinstar AS-355

SA-360C Dauphine (SE) SA-360

SA 365 Dauphine (ME) SA-365

SA 365 Dolphin (HH-65) SA-365

Alaska Helicopters, Inc. ALAHEL HRP-1 PIASECKI HRP PI-HRP

Bell, USA 47 Series H-13 Series Bell 47 BH-47

204-B, UHI-B, -D,

H205A

Bell 204 BH-204

206A, 206B Bell 206 BH-206

212/412 Series Bell 212 BH-212

214 Series

(Except ST)

None BH-214

222 Series None BH-222

Brantely, USA B-2 (YH03BR) Brantely B-2 BY-2

B-305 Brantely B-305 BY-305

Construzioni Aeronautiche

Giovanni Agusta, Italy

A109 Agusta A-109

Enstrom, USA F-28 Enstrom F-28 EN-28

Hiller, USA UH-12 Series,

H-23 Series

Hiller UH-12 HH-12

Fairchild, USA FH-1100 FH-1100 FH-1100

Hughes, USA (Schweizer) 300, 269 Series Hughes 269A HU-269

500, 369 Series Hughes 500 HU-369
AC 61-89E

Appendix 2 8/4/00

8

PILOT CERTIFICATE AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNATIONS—ROTORCRAFT (CONTINUED)

Kaman Aerospace Corporation K-MAX (K-1200) KM-1200 (VFR ONLY)

Kaman, USA K-190A Kaman K-190A KM-190

K-225 Kaman K-225 KM-225

K-240, HTK-1 Kaman K-240 KM-240

K-600 None KM-600

Lockheed, USA Lockheed California 286 Lockheed California 286 L-286

McDonnell Douglas Notar MD-500

369-E, 369FF

MD-500N, HU-369

Messerschmitt Bolkow GMBH

(West Germany)

BO-105A BO-105

BK-177-A1 BK-117

Omega, USA 12D1A Omega 12D1 OM-12

Piasecki, USA HRP-1, HRP-2 Piasecki HRP PI-HRP

Robinson Helicopter R-22 None R-22

R-44 R-44

Scheutzow, USA Model B SC

Sikorsky, USA R-4B Sikorsky R-4B SK-4

R-5A, YR-6A

R-64, HOS-1

Sikorsky R-5A SK-5

S-51 Sikorsky S-51 SK-51

S-52 Series Sikorsky S-52 SK-52

S-55, H-19 Series Sikorsky S-55 SK-55

S-62A, HH-52A Sikorsky S-62 SK-62

S-76 SK-76

Silvercraft, USA SPA-SH4 SI-4

Sud Aviation (Aerospatiale) SE 3130, SE 313B, SE 3160,

SA 316B, SA 3180, SA 318B,

SA 318C, SA 315B

Sud Alouette II/III S-3130

SO 1221 Sud Djinn S-1221

Westland Helicopters, Inc.,

Yeoville, England

W-30 WH-30
AC 61-89E

8/4/00 Appendix 3

1

OPERATIONAL RESTRICTIONS

Applicants for type ratings on aircraft for which a type rating is required under 14 CFR section

61.31, and which are not listed in appendix 2, will be required to present evidence that at least

one aircraft of the type concerned has been issued an aircraft type certificate for civilian use.

NOTE: Since experimental aircraft are not issued type certificates, they are not eligible for

pilot type ratings.

The following operational restrictions pertaining to type ratings will appear as limitations

rather than as a part of the type rating on certificates:

1. Amphibian type ratings, such as CV-PBY5, will be repeated under limitations (Item XIII)

with appropriate restrictions; i.e., CV-PBY5 LIMITED TO SEA, unless proficiency has been

demonstrated on both land and water.

2. Type ratings restricted to VFR will be repeated under limitations (Item XIII) with

appropriate restrictions; i.e., N-B25, VFR ONLY.

Airplane Multiengine Class Rating Limited To Center Thrust

Airplane multiengine class ratings are issued based on either the successful completion of an

FAA practical test or on military qualification. A class rating issued for an airplane for which

no minimum control speed has been established by the manufacturer, shall be limited to center

thrust. The aircraft listed below are aircraft which are center thrust limited. A listing of

specific makes and models of military aircraft for which a center thrust limitation is not

required is also provided.

The FAA General Aviation and Commercial Division, AFS-800, determines any modifications

to these lists. When a determination is made by AFS-800, the manufacturer's data and 14 CFR

part 23 or part 25 criteria are used.

With Center Thrust Limitation Without Limitation

1. Cessna 336/337, T-37 1. Cessna A-37 Dragonfly

2. Fairchild Republic A-l0 Thunderbolt 2. Grumman American F-14 Tomcat

3. General Dynamics F-111

4. Grumman A6-E Intruder

5. McDonnell-Douglas F-4 Phantom

6. McDonnell-Douglas F-15 Eagle

7. Northrop/McDonnell-Douglas F-18A Hornet

8. Northrop T-38 Talon

9. Rockwell International T2 Buckeye

In the case of an applicant who requests the issuance of a multiengine class or type rating

based on military qualification in an aircraft not listed herein, but for which the manufacturer

has not provided documentary evidence of a minimum control speed for that aircraft, all

available data shall be forwarded to AFS-800 for review and evaluation to determine the

limitations necessary. It is expected that aircraft models will be added to, or deleted from, this

list by AFS-800 as circumstances warrant in the future.