U.S. Timber Production, 

Trade, Consumption 

and Price Statistics 

1965–2011

James L. Howard

Rebecca M. Westby

Forest

Products

Laboratory

Research

Paper

FPL–RP–676

United States Department of Agriculture

Forest Service
June 2013

Howard, James L.; Westby, Rebecca M. 2013. U.S. timber production, 

trade, consumption and price statistics 1965–2011. Research Paper 

FPL-RP-676. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 91 p.

A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the 

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Abstract

This report presents annual data but is published every 

2 years. The data present current and historical information 

on the production, trade, consumption, and prices of timber 

products in the United States. The report focuses on national 

statistics, but includes some data for individual states and 

regions and for Canada. The data were collected from industry trade associations and government agencies. They are 

intended for use by forest land managers, forest industries, 

trade associations, forestry schools, renewable resource organizations, individuals in the major timber producing and 

consuming countries of the world, and the general public. 

A major use of the data is tracking industry production and 

consumption trends over time. One of the major shifts that 

occurred in the wood-using industry over the past 5 years 

is that both production and consumption of roundwood per 

capita decreased. The consumption of products per capita 

has also undergone a gradual decrease over the past 5 years. 

Because of increased paper recycling and increased processing efficiency, the consumption per capita in roundwood 

equivalent has decreased since about 1987 from 83 ft3 to 

72 ft3 per capita. But over the most recent time period, the 

decline in production per capita is due to the U.S. economic 

weakness that severely impacted wood markets. In the 

1960s and 1970s, consumption averaged 65 ft3 per capita 

before increasing and peaking in 1986 to 83 ft3 per capita. 

Since 2005, consumption per capita has continued to steadily decrease and reached 41 ft3 in 2009 remaining unchanged 

in 2010. Per capita consumption in 2011 increased to 

47 ft3 the first increase since 2005. Since 2005, paper consumption fell from 41 thousand tons to 34 thousand tons in 

2011. Since 2005, newsprint declined from 5.4 million tons 

to 3.3 million tons and printing and writing paper fell from 

24.5 million tons to 19.3 million tons. Another shift occurring over the past several years is increased emphasis on 

wood energy use, which has shown wide fluctuations over 

the last decade and into 2011.

Keywords: production, consumption, import, export

Acknowledgment

This update required assistance from a very dedicated individual. Zoe Abrams, an Economic Assistant in the Economics, Statistics, and Life Cycle Analysis Work Unit (FPL), 

created and updated computer files that will aid in future 

updates of this report. Zoe helped with literature searches to 

located much of the needed data and performed many of the 

statistical procedures such as changing base years and converting to required units. Zoe also assisted in overall report 

appearance by developing and updating figures and tables. 
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, 

Consumption and Price Statistics 

1965–2011

James L. Howard, Economist

Rebecca M. Westby, Economic Assistant

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

ii

Preface

This report includes data for 1965–2011. Data for the years 

prior to 1965 can be found in earlier reports in the series. 

Since the last publication of this series in 2007 (data compiled through 2005), many agencies have discontinued the 

collection of various data. This change is indicated on the 

tables, where applicable. Some data were derived from 

mathematical calculations and some show conversions from 

different units of measurement. Throughout the tables and 

text, billion denotes 109. The references cited in the text and 

in the tables are listed separately. Text references are listed 

in literature cited. The sources for data in the tables are listed in an annotated bibliography, which is cross-referenced 

to the tables. This report is available through the Forest 

Products Laboratory web site (www.fpl.fs.fed.us). Tables 

of conversion factors and a map of Forest Service Administrative regions follow. 

Factors for converting between metric and in-lb units of 

measurea

Unit

Conversion

factor

Metric or 

in-lb unit 

square foot 0.0929 square meter 

cubic foot (log trade) 0.028317 cubic meter 

short ton (chips) 0.0185 1,000 cubic feet 

board foot (hardwood lumber) 0.00236 cubic meter 

board foot (softwood lumber) 0.00170 cubic meter 

board foot (lumber export and 

imports) 

0.00236 cubic meter 

board foot (logs) 0.00453 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (1/8-in. panels) 0.295 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (1/4-in. panels) 0.59 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (3/8-in. panels) 0.885 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (3/8-in. panels) 2.036 square foot 

(surface measure)

1,000 square feet (1/2-in. panels) 1.18 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (3/4-in. panels) 1.77 cubic meter 

cubic meterb 0.0023 million square feet 

(surface measure)

square meter 10.7639 square foot 

(surface measure)

cord 2.27 cubic meter 

cord 2.65 green ton 

ton 0.0003 1,000 cords 

ton (short ton) 0.907 metric ton 

pound 0.453592 kilogram 

inch 25.4 millimeter 

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (20, 49). 

b

Based on square feet 3/8-in. panels.

Factors for converting standard units to short tons 

Product Standard unit 

Weight of wood 

per standard 

unit

(short tons) 

Roundwood products 

Softwood 1,000 cubic feet 17.5 air dried 

Hardwood 1,000 cubic feet 20.0 air dried 

Softwood cord (80 cubic feet) 1.4 

Hardwood cord (80 cubic feet) 1.6 

Lumber 

Softwood 1,000 board feet 0.974 

Hardwood 1,000 board feet 1.680 

Laminated veneer lumber 1,000 cubic foot 17.5 

Structural panels 

Softwood plywood 1,000 square feet, 

3/8-in. basis 

0.544

Waferboard and OSBa

 1,000 square feet, 

3/8-in. basis 

0.866

Medium-density fiberboard 1,000 square feet, 

3/4-in. basis 

1.406

Nonstructural panels 

Hardboard 1,000 square feet, 

1/8-in. basis 

0.380

Insulation board 1,000 square feet, 

1/2-in. basis 

0.367

Particleboard 1,000 square feet, 

3/4-in. basis 

0.578

Hardwood plywood 1,000 square feet, 

3/8-in. basis 

0.657

Hardwood plywood 1,000 square feet, 

surface measure 

0.2

Pulp, paper, and board 1,000 tons 1,000 

Other industrial products 1,000 tons 16.5 

a

Oriented strandboard. 

Factors for converting between metric and in-lb units of 

measurea

Unit

Conversion

factor

Metric or 

in-lb unit 

square foot 0.0929 square meter 

cubic foot (log trade) 0.028317 cubic meter 

short ton (chips) 0.0185 1,000 cubic feet 

board foot (hardwood lumber) 0.00236 cubic meter 

board foot (softwood lumber) 0.00170 cubic meter 

board foot (lumber export and 

imports) 

0.00236 cubic meter 

board foot (logs) 0.00453 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (1/8-in. panels) 0.295 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (1/4-in. panels) 0.59 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (3/8-in. panels) 0.885 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (3/8-in. panels) 2.036 square foot 

(surface measure)

1,000 square feet (1/2-in. panels) 1.18 cubic meter 

1,000 square feet (3/4-in. panels) 1.77 cubic meter 

cubic meterb 0.0023 million square feet 

(surface measure)

square meter 10.7639 square foot 

(surface measure)

cord 2.27 cubic meter 

cord 2.65 green ton 

ton 0.0003 1,000 cords 

ton (short ton) 0.907 metric ton 

pound 0.453592 kilogram 

inch 25.4 millimeter 

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (20, 49). 

b

Based on square feet 3/8-in. panels.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

iii

Alaska 

Region 10

Hawaii

Pacific 

Southwest

Region 6

Pacific

Northwest

Region 6

Northern

Region 1

Intermountain

Region 4

Southern 

Region 3

Southern

Region 3

Eastern

Region 9

Rocky Mountain

Region 2

Puerto Rico

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Forest Service

Regional HeadquartersResearch HeadquartersForest Products LaboratoryState and Prive Forestry Area Headquarters

Missoula,MT

Fort Collins, CO

Denver, CO

St. Paul, MN

Madison, WI Milwaukee, WI

Newton Square, PA

Asheville, NC

Atlanta, GA

Albuquerque, NM

Ogden, UT

Rio Piedras, PR

Vallejo, CA

Albany, CA
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

iv

Highlights

Economic activity in most of the major timber products 

markets including paper and paperboard remained volatile 

in 2011 as some product markets grew such as softwood 

lumber production while other production markets showed 

little change from the previous year. Paper and paperboard 

production decreased by 1.8% in 2011 from 2010. New 

housing construction, which accounts for more than a third 

of the U.S. softwood lumber and structural panels consumed 

and for substantial volumes of other softwood and hardwood 

products, remained below the peak housing production years 

in 2011. The consumption of oriented strandboard (OSB) 

during 2011 continued to exceed plywood consumption and 

continues strong into 2012 although OSB production decreased 1.7% in 2011 when compared to 2010. The total industrial production index, an important demand determinant 

for pallet lumber, containerboard, and some grades of paper, 

increased 3.7% in 2011 (Table 1). Private nonresidential 

construction expenditures increased in 2011 when compared 

to 2010 and residential fixed investment decreased during 

2011. Wood energy use in the United States continued to be 

volatile, declining during 2011 (Table 60).

The U.S. housing market remained weak during 2011 as 

sales of both new and previously occupied homes reached 

all time record lows. Starts of conventionally built homes 

(excluding mobile homes) decreased by 3.5% from a year 

earlier to just 565 thousand units during 2011. Home sales 

new and existing in 2011 totaled 4.6 million units; this number consisted of 4.3 million units that were previously occupied and just 300 thousand that were new units. A record 

high for home sales was established during 2005 when 

8.3 million units were sold. Of the 8.3 million units sold, 

7.1 million units were previously occupied homes and 

1.3 million were new units. In terms of market share within 

region in 2011, new homes sold were strongest in the South, 

with 168,000 units sold. This represented 55% of all new 

sales in the United States for 2011. The production index for 

final products and nonindustrial supplies advanced solidly in 

2010 and 2011. The production of durable consumer goods, 

which includes furniture and fixtures, had moderate gains in 

2010 and a noticeable increase in 2011. The index for consumer nondurables, which includes paper products, edged 

up in 2010 and 2011. Housing trends in 2011, along with 

comparably weak economic growth, caused the lumber industry to remain below peak production levels but exceeded 

production levels of 1 year earlier. Softwood lumber production in the United States remained below the record levels 

by 17.0%. 

U.S. consumption of wood and paper products required 

input to make products produced in the United States (for 

domestic consumption) plus roundwood required to make 

imported products. This consumption of roundwood to meet 

the needs of U.S. consumers (including fuelwood) 

increased 1.0% per year between 1965 and 1995, from 

13.3 to 19.1 billion ft3. This consumption declined to 

15.0 billion ft3 in 2005 and has since decreased to just 

12.9 billion ft3 in 2011, slightly above the 1965 level of consumption. U.S. production of wood and paper products plus 

fuelwood use required roundwood harvest from U.S. forests, 

which also increased 1.0% per year from 1965 to 1995, from 

12.3 to 17.4 billion ft3. In contrast to roundwood needed for 

U.S. product consumption, U.S. roundwood harvest needed 

for U.S. production has declined since 1995 from 17.4 to 

12.5 billion ft3 in 2011, slightly above the level of harvest in 

1965. The 12.5 billion ft3 continued the reversal of the trend 

of four straight years of production decreases (Table 5a). 

Along with record low demand from the housing sector, which drove low demand in the lumber industry during 2011, U.S. National Forest sawlog stumpage prices 

increased in current dollars for Douglas-fir and Southern 

Pine in 2011, continuing the volatile price cycle over recent 

years. Southern Pine recovered modestly in the late 1990s, 

but Douglas-fir continued downward (Table 20). Increasing 

Canadian lumber imports contributed to the slump in softwood prices, and Western mill closures reflected the slump 

in prices.

During 2011, apparent consumption of most timber products 

increased over levels from 1 year ago. Western production 

of softwood lumber from the California redwood region 

increased 0.4%, Western softwood lumber production increased by 4.3%. Although domestic markets for hardwood 

lumber have been declining in recent years, production 

remained level in 2011. The combined roundwood and forest chip production for pulp and OSB mills decreased by 

2.0% in 2011. Softwood plywood production reversed its 

trend after increasing in 2010 by declining 1.7% in 2011. 

The consumption of OSB continued to exceed plywood 

consumption during 2011 and has remained above plywood 

consumption since 2006. Shipments of particleboard were 

flat in 2011 when compared to 2010 while medium density 

fiberboard (MDF) shipments increased slightly in 2011 over 

2010 shipments.

Continued growth in U.S. furniture imports from China, 

Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia presents an increasing 

problem for American furniture manufacturers and the companies that supply them with nonstructural panels such as 

particleboard and MDF as well as hardwood lumber. Not 

only has total lumber consumed by the U.S. furniture industry decreased, but the species mix has changed as well. Less 

red oak lumber and parts are being used, and alternative species such as hard maple are being used too.

The near-term outlook is one of continued weakness in the 

demand for most timber products. Timber volumes supplied 

by the national forest have fallen sharply in recent years. In 

2011, valued at about $101 million, National forest harvest 

totaled 2.1 billion board feet (bf), making up less than 1.0% 

of total U.S. timber harvest, down more than 83% from the 

peak in 1988. 
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

v

Contents

General Economic Trends...................................................................................................................................................................................1

Timber Production, Prices, Trade, and Consumption .........................................................................................................................................2

Lumber Production, Prices, Trade, and Consumption ........................................................................................................................................2

Woodpulp and Pulpwood Production, Prices, Trade, and Consumption ............................................................................................................7

Plywood and Veneer Log Production, Prices, Trade, and Consumption ............................................................................................................9

Particleboard, Hardboard, and Insulation Board Production, Prices, Trade, and Consumption....................................................................... 12

Miscellaneous Timber Products Production, Prices, Trade, and Consumption ................................................................................................ 12

Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management.............................................................................................................................. 13

Volume and Value of Wood and Wood Products Production............................................................................................................................ 14

Supply and Consumption of Wood and Wood Products................................................................................................................................... 15

Total and Per Capita Consumption of Nonwood Forest Products.................................................................................................................... 16

Literature Cited ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16

Annotated Bibliography.................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Tables

General Economic Trends

1—Measures of economic growth, population, and prices, 1965–2011 ........................................................................................................... 22

2—Number of households and housing market indicators, 1965–2011 ........................................................................................................... 23

3—Average hourly earnings in timber-based industries and all manufacturing in the United States, 1972–2011.......................................... 24

4—Average employment in lumber producing and lumber dependent industries in the United States, in thousand people, 1972–2011........ 25

Timber Production, Trade, Consumption, and Prices

All Products–Tables 5–7 in roundwood equivalents

5a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (cubic feet)..................................... 26

5b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (cubic meters)................................ 27

6a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of softwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (cubic feet) ..................... 28

6b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of softwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (cubic meters)................. 29

7a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of hardwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (cubic feet).................... 30

7b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of hardwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (cubic meters)............... 31

8a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products (excludes additives and fillers) in tons, by major product, 

 1965–2011 (million tons).............................................................................................................................................................................. 32

8b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products (excludes additives and fillers) in tons, by major product, 

 1965–2005 (thousand metric tons) ............................................................................................................................................................... 33

9—U.S. annual industrial wood product production in thousands of short tons, product weight, 1965–2011 (thousand short tons)............. 34

10—Industrial wood productivity, 1965–2011.................................................................................................................................................. 35

11a—Per capita consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 ........................................................................................... 36

11b—Per capita consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (cubic meters) ................................................................... 37

12—Consumption of selected timber products and other materials used in construction, manufacturing, and shipping, 1965–2011 ........... 38

13—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 2011 ....................................................................................... 40

14—Value of imports and exports of all commodities and timber products, 1965–2011 ................................................................................. 41

15—Foreign exchange rates by selected country and year, 1975–2011........................................................................................................... 42

Logs

16—Log imports by major species, 1965–2011................................................................................................................................................ 43

17—Log imports by major region of origin, 1965–2011 .................................................................................................................................. 44

18—Log exports by major species, 1965–2011 ................................................................................................................................................ 45

19—Log exports by major region of destination, 1965–2011........................................................................................................................... 46

20—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold from national forests, by selected species, 1965–2011...................................................... 47

21—Volume and value of sawtimber stumpage sold from national forests, by selected species and region, 2011 .......................................... 48

22—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold from private lands in Louisiana, by selected species, 1965–2011 .................................... 51

23—Veneer log production, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2011 ........................................................................................................... 52
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

vi

Pulpwood

24—Pulpwood consumption, production, imports, exports, and the equivalent wood volumes of imports and exports of paper, board, and 

 wood pulp, 1965–2011 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 53

25—Pulpwood production, by region and softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2011.......................................................................................... 54

26—Pulpwood stumpage prices of Louisiana and northern New Hampshire, 1965–2011 .............................................................................. 55

27—Pulpwood prices of Louisiana and northern New Hampshire, 1965–2011 .............................................................................................. 56

Lumber Production, Trade, Consumption, and Prices

28—Lumber production, imports, exports, and consumption by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2011........................................................ 57

29—Lumber production, by region and softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2011.............................................................................................. 58

30—Lumber production in the U.S., 1965–2011............................................................................................................................................... 59

31—United States lumber imports, by softwoods and hardwoods and country of origin, 1965–2011............................................................. 60

32—United States lumber exports, by softwoods and hardwoods and country of destination, 1965–2011 ..................................................... 61

33—Lumber production in Canada, by softwoods and hardwoods and region, 1965–2011............................................................................ 62

34—Lumber and competing engineered wood products production, by type of product, 1970–2011.............................................................. 63

35—Producer price indexes for lumber and selected nonwood competing materials, 1965–2011.................................................................. 64

36—Relative producer price index for lumber, 1800–2011 .............................................................................................................................. 67

Plywood and Veneer Production, Trade, Consumption, and Prices

37—Plywood production, imports, exports, and consumption by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2011...................................................... 68

38—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of structural panel products, by type, 1980–2011......................................................... 69

39—Hardwood plywood imports, by country or region of origin, 1965–2011................................................................................................. 70

40—Veneer imports and exports, by species, 1965–2011 ................................................................................................................................. 71

41—Hardwood veneer imports, by country or region of origin, 1965–2011.................................................................................................... 72

42—Producer price indexes for plywood, 1965–2011...................................................................................................................................... 73

Paper, Board, and Wood Pulp Production, Trade, Consumption, and Prices

43—Paper and board production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011 ........................................................................................ 74

44—Paper shipments, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011 ........................................................................................................... 75

45—Paperboard production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011 ................................................................................................ 76

46—Paper and board production and fibrous materials consumed in the manufacture of paper and board, 1965–2011 .............................. 77

47—Paper and board new supply, and recyclable paper consumption, exports, imports, and total recovered, 1965–2011 ........................... 78

48—Recovered paper consumption, by major grade, in paper and paperboard manufacture, 1970–2011..................................................... 79

49—Wood pulp production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011 .................................................................................................. 80

50—Pulpwood consumed in the manufacture of wood pulp, 1965–2011 ......................................................................................................... 81

51—Producer price indexes for paper, board, and wood pulp, 1965–2011 ..................................................................................................... 82

52—Producer price indexes for wastepaper, by grade, 1965–2011 ................................................................................................................. 83

Particleboard, Hardboard, and Insulating Board Production, Trade,

Consumption, and Prices

53—Particleboard and medium-density fiberboard production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011.......................................... 84

54—Insulating board production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011......................................................................................... 85

55—Insulating board production, imports, exports, and consumption [thousand tons], 1965–2011 .............................................................. 86

56—Hardboard production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011.................................................................................................. 87

57—Producer price indexes for hardboard and particleboard, 1965–2011..................................................................................................... 88

58—Production of treated wood products by type of treatment, treatment plant, and product, 1984–2011 .................................................... 89

59—Forest chemical products production in gallons and short tons, 1965–2011............................................................................................ 90

Wood Energy Use

60—Wood energy use in the United States, 1973–2011.................................................................................................................................... 91
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

1

General Economic Trends

The U.S. economy continued to recover in 2011 from the 

deep recession that began at the end of 2007. The real value 

of goods and services produced in the economy, as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) adjusted for changes in prices (real GDP), has now grown in each of the past 

10 quarters. Employment continued to expand in 2011, and 

the private sector created more than 3 million new jobs in 

2010 and 2011. Economic activity, as measured by the GDP, 

rose at an annual rate of 1.6% in 2011 to $13,313.4 billion 

(2005 dollars). This was up from $13, 088.0 billion (2005 

dollars) during 2010. U.S. economic activity as measured 

by the GDP would in all likelihood be stronger if it not for 

the lingering effects of the financial crisis. The reduction in 

household wealth during the financial crisis and the deep recession that followed appears to have restrained the growth 

of consumption during the recovery. Investment in new 

residential construction also remains much weaker than in 

typical recoveries, a reflection of the soft demand since the 

recession as well as the vast overbuilding of houses during 

the years leading up to the crisis. Real GDP led the broadbased economic growth in 2011, increasing 1.6% after having increased 3.1% in 2010. One of the leading contributors 

to economic growth in 2011 was the household sector. In 

the household or home ownership sector, credit conditions 

continued to improve, purchases of durable goods rose at 

a robust pace. Households continued to work down debt in 

2011. Growth in consumption remained restrained in part 

from slow growth in nominal income. In the business sector, 

investment in equipment and software posted solid gains in 

2011 and global demand for U.S. goods and services was 

strong. The growth in U.S. exports supported job gains in 

2011 as well as the continued expansion of manufacturing 

output. Conditions in residential real estate markets continued to stabilize in 2011, with a modest increase toward the 

end of the year while demand for new housing stayed weak. 

Most of the weakness in the new housing market can be tied 

directly to the financial crisis and the problems that precipitated the crisis. 

New housing construction, which accounts for more than a 

third of the U.S. annual consumption of softwood lumber 

and structural panels and for substantial volumes of other 

softwood and hardwood products, reached record lows 

during 2009 and has remained weak into 2011 (Tables 1 

and 2, Fig. 1). Starts of single-family units accounted for 

the largest portion of the decrease but multifamily housing starts also decreased during 2009. Single-family housing starts declined drastically by 74.1% while multifamily 

housing starts decreased by 69.0%. Housing starts for 2009 

were 554,000 as sales of new houses set a new record low 

in 2009 of 374,000 units. Housing starts increased in 2011 

but remain well below the historical high in 2005. The new 

home ownership rate reached 69% in 2005 equaling the 

all time high but has since fallen to 66.0 in 2011. Builders’ 

expectations for housing starts in 2011 remained weak and 

were realized even though mortgage rates remain at historically low levels. Historically, repair and remodeling were an 

important determinant and driver of wood product demand. 

But in 2011, both remain well below the historical high set 

in 2005 for housing starts and 2006 for residential improvements. In 2011, starts were up slightly compared to the same 

period a year earlier in 2010. Sales of new single-family 

homes remained below historical levels in 2011. Sales of 

new single-family homes averaged just 303,000 units in 

2011. Existing home sales were up slightly in 2011 reaching 

3,786,000, up 2.1% from 2010. This shows that in 2011 the 

housing industry is still sluggish even as the state of the U.S. 

economy continues to improve.

Shipments of manufactured housing increased slightly during 2011 to 51,000 units, 1,000 units above the 2010 shipments level. 

The value of private construction put in place fell to 

$506.0 billion (current dollars) in 2011, declining about 

U.S. Timber Production, Trade, 

Consumption and Price Statistics 

1965–2011

James L. Howard, Economist

Rebecca M. Westby, Economic Assistant

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1967

1971

1975

1979

1983

1987

1991

1995

1999

2003

2007

2011

H

ousing starts (thousand units)

Total units

Single family

Multifamily

Figure 1. Housing starts by type of unit.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

2

$2.9 billion from 1 year ago. Residential value was $237 

billion composed of $116 billion in residential improvements. Gross private domestic investment increased in 2011 

for nonresidential housing units but declined for residential 

housing units. Spending on new single and multifamily residential structures was $121 billion (current dollars) in 2011 

compared to $269 billion for nonresidential structures. 

Industrial production, an important demand determinant for 

pallet lumber, containerboard, and some grades of paper, 

increased 4.2% in 2011, compared to 2010 (Table 1, Fig. 2). 

Output of the furniture and fixtures industry, a major market for hardwood lumber, plywood, veneer, particleboard, 

and hardboard, as measured by durable goods production, 

fell 4.0% in 2011. Further decreases are likely because of 

continued growth in China furniture imports. The industrial production index for paper and products decreased 

while the manufacturing sector index increased slightly.

Timber Production, Prices, Trade, 

and Consumption

Total roundwood production increased to 12.5 billion ft3 in 

2011, up from the 12.1 billion ft3 of production of a year 

earlier (Fig. 3). This marks the second straight year of increased production after four straight years of decreased 

roundwood production since 2005 when roundwood production reached a peak of 16.3 billion ft3. Roundwood has 

generally been on the decline since the mid-1990s. The high 

point for roundwood harvest was 1991 when total roundwood production was 18.7 billion ft3.

Lumber and the engineered wood products sectors are still 

significant contributors to the current volume level, despite 

overall declines in both sectors. The production of sawlogs 

used in the domestic manufacture of lumber increased in 

2011 to 5.1 billion ft3 after five consecutive years of falling 

production. The 4.9 billion ft3 was down 35% from the peak 

year of 2005 when 7.7 billion ft3 of sawlogs were produced. 

This represents about 40% of total industrial roundwood 

production in 2011. Softwood lumber production represent 

about 48% of softwood roundwood harvest, and hardwood 

lumber made up 26% of hardwood roundwood harvest in 

2011. Pulpwood, which comprises about 35% of total industrial roundwood use, increased slightly from a year earlier. 

Although roundwood pulpwood production has consistently 

fallen since the late 1990s, the pulpwood share of industrial 

roundwood production increased close to 1 billion ft3 between 1991 and 1998. During that time, roundwood used 

to produce lumber increased slightly. Since 2005, the pulpwood share of total roundwood harvest has increased by 4%.

Lumber Production, Prices, Trade, 

and Consumption

Production—An estimated 33.0 billion bf (33.0 × 109 bf) 

of lumber (softwoods plus hardwoods) was produced in the 

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duction index (1997=100) Pro

duction index (1997=100) Figure 2. Economic activity in major industrial timber 

markets.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

3

United States in 2011 (Table 28). Since 1965, lumber production has generally trended upwards, except for periods 

of economic slowdown such as the mid-1970s, early 1980s, 

and most currently 2006–2011. Many western mills dependent on Federal timber were forced to dramatically reduce 

production or close entirely. This resulted in an overall decline in lumber production, shifts in production to other regions, and increased levels of foreign imports. These trends 

have continued through 2011.

Softwood lumber production in 2011 was about 

26.8 × 109 bf (Table 28, Fig. 4), 79% of total lumber 

production. Hardwood lumber production was about 

6.9 × 109 bf. The overall decline in lumber production in 

the 1990s was almost entirely at the expense of softwood 

lumber. However, the most recent decline in lumber production, resulting from the deepest economic downturn 

since the great depression, was seen in both softwood and 

hardwood lumber. Softwood lumber production from 2000 

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Production

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Production

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Figure 3. Production and consumption of timber products.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

4

to 2005 generally trended toward record production levels, 

peaking at 50.9 × 109 bf in 2005 before declining quite 

severely since 2006 to production levels not seen since the 

1950s. Hardwood lumber production has generally trended 

downward from the high production levels of the late 1990s 

before bottoming out in 2009.

In 2011, the South was the largest lumber-producing region 

in the United States at 14.5 × 109 bf (Table 29, Fig. 5). The 

West was the second largest region at 13.4 × 109 bf, followed by the North at 3.4 × 109 bf. The West, although the 

second largest overall producing region, has traditionally 

been the largest softwood-lumber-producing region, with 

nearly 99% (13.1 × 109 bf) of its total production being softwood species. Softwood lumber production in the South 

was about 83% of its total production, lower than the total 

softwood volume of the West. The North produced 

1.6 × 109 bf softwood lumber in 2011.

Until the 1990s, the West had been the largest lumberproducing region in the United States. From 1966 until 

1980, for example, more than half (55%) of all lumber 

produced in the United States came from the West. Much 

of this production came from old-growth timber on federally owned lands in the Pacific Coast region (Washington, 

Oregon, and California). Since the early 1980s, the proportion of lumber coming from the West has slowly decreased 

to just under half, because of declining levels of timber 

from public lands and increasing levels of production in the 

South. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, large areas of federally owned land in the West were removed from harvest. 

This removal further reduced Western harvest. In 1990, the 

South became the Nation’s largest lumber-producing region, 

accounting for 35% of all softwood lumber and 80% of all 

hardwoods. During the late 1990s, softwood lumber production in the South and West increased. Between 2000 and 

2011, softwood lumber production continued to increase 

in the South and declined in the West. The West therefore 

ceased being the leading softwood lumber-producing region. 

Even with the overall decline in lumber production in all 

regions, the South still maintains its position as the leading 

softwood lumber-producing region.

Total lumber production in the North remained fairly steady 

from 1965 through the early 1990s at about 4.5 × 109 bf 

per year (Table 29, Fig. 5). It then increased rapidly to 

9.3 × 109 bf. Nearly all of this increase was in hardwood 

lumber production. However, hardwood lumber production 

started to decline in 2000, brought on by the decline in the 

U.S. furniture manufacturing industry, which resulted from 

increased Chinese and other Asian imports. Also during this 

time, the shift in fashion trends away from red oak continued. Over the past several years, the decline in hardwood 

lumber production was exacerbated by the weakened state 

of the U.S. economy and the downturn in the forest products 

sector.

Imports and exports—In 2011, lumber imports to the 

United States from all countries total 9.6 × 109 bf, other than 

in 2009 a low that hasn’t been reached since 1982 (Tables 

28 and 31). During the same year, exports from the United 

States to all countries totaled just 1.9 × 109 bf (Tables 28 

and 32). The difference, 7.7 × 109 bf, was net foreign trade, 

and represented lumber consumption in the United States 

in excess of that which was produced domestically. Net 

foreign trade represented less than one-fourth (22%) of total 

domestic lumber consumption in 2011. Except for periods 

of low overall U.S. demand, including the most recent economic downtown, lumber imports to the United States have 

grown steadily since 1965. Nearly all of the growth was in 

softwood lumber imports. In 1965, softwood lumber imports 

total 4.9 × 109 bf. By 2005, softwood lumber imports were 

24.6 × 109 bf, an increase of 19.7 × 109 bf. In contrast, hardwood lumber imports were 0.3 × 109 bf in 1965 and 1.1 × 

109 bf in 2005. However, one major exception to this trend 

is the recent weakening of economic conditions in the United States, which caused a dramatic reversal in the lumber 

imports trend since 2008. Softwood lumber imports 

dropped almost 50% from 24.7 × 109 bf in 2005 to 

9.3 × 109 bf, while hardwood lumber imports dropped 

from 1.1 × 109 bf in 2005 to 0.3 × 109 bf in 2011.

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Figure 4. U.S. lumber production by wood type, 1965–2011.

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Figure 5. U.S. lumber production by production by region, 

1965–2011.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

5

Canada has always been the principal source of lumber imported into the United States (Table 31). In 2011, 93% of all 

lumber imports were from Canada. Canada is the principal 

source of both softwood lumber and hardwood lumber imports to the United States. In 2011, nearly 95% of all softwood lumber and 28% of all hardwood lumber imported to 

the United States were from Canada. The percentage of softwood lumber from non-Canadian sources has generally been 

increasing in recent years (since 2005). Hardwood imports 

from Canada as a percentage of total hardwood imports fell 

fairly steadily from 1950 through the 1970s and again since 

2006. Overall, the United States imported nearly 40% of 

Canadian lumber production in 2011.

Lumber exports grew fairly steadily from 1965 through 

1990, reaching a record high of nearly 4.5 × 109 bf in 1988 

(Tables 28 and 32). Since 1988, lumber exports have fallen 

to 1.9 × 109 bf in 2011. Numerous factors contributed to 

the decline in lumber exports in recent years. Some of these 

were reduced softwood sawtimber supplies, particularly 

from the Pacific Coast, changing economic conditions in the 

major importing countries, strength of the U.S. dollar in relation to other world currencies, increased levels of exports 

from other major timber-producing countries, and the recent 

economic weakening in the United States. During the mid1980s and early 1990s, Japan was by far the largest single 

market for U.S. exported lumber. In 1989, Japan purchased 

1.6 × 109 bf of lumber (Table 32). Since then, exports to 

Japan have fallen to just one-tenth of their previous level. 

Canada is currently the largest single market for exported 

lumber, followed closely by the European Union (EU). They 

accounted for 27% and 11%, respectively, of all exports.

More than half (62%) of total exports in 1996 were softwood species, 1.8 × 109 bf (Table 32). In the late 1960s and 

early 1970s, softwood lumber accounted for about 85% of 

total exports. Since then, softwood lumber’s share of total 

exports has fallen steadily from around 78% in the 1980s 

to 38% in 2005. Since 2005, however, softwood lumber exports have experienced an increasing trend and currently 

sit at 88%. The 88% is misleading, as it results from the 

overall drop in exports brought on by the decline in the forest products sector. The most important softwood lumber 

export markets in 2011 were Canada, which accounted 

for about 28 % of total softwood lumber exports, Japan at 

10.3%, and the EU at 10.4%. All other countries accounted 

for the remaining exports. Canada and the EU were the two 

largest markets, respectively, for exported hardwood lumber 

from the United States in 2011. China is the fastest growing 

market for hardwood lumber.

Consumption—Lumber consumption in the United States 

in 2011 for all uses totaled 40.8 × 109 bf, a decrease of 

33.7 × 109 bf since 2005, when lumber consumption peaked 

at 74.5 × 109 bf (Table 28). The record high in 2005 also 

exceeded levels in the early 1900s, when lumber was the 

most important raw material used in the United States for 

construction, manufactured products, and shipping.

Per capita consumption in 2011 was 131 bf, a large departure from the record high of 251 bf in 2005 (Table 28). The 

decline in per capita consumption continued as a result of 

the decline in wood products markets until 2010 when per 

capita consumption increased to 125, the first increase since 

2005. This level of consumption is still dramatically below 

the early 1900s, when consumption exceeded 225 bf per 

person.

Overall, about 63.5% of the lumber consumed in 2011 was 

used for housing, with 24.3% used for the construction of 

new units, and 39.2% of consumption for the upkeep and 

improvement of existing units. New nonresidential construction (including railroads) accounted for about 13.8%. Lumber consumption used for shipping (pallets, containers, and 

dunnage) accounted for 15.6%. The remaining 7.1% was for 

all other uses. The “all other” category includes an unknown 

amount of lumber used for other construction purposes such 

as nonresidential upkeep and improvements.

In 2011, 34.4 × 109 bf of the 40.8 × 109 bf of lumber consumed in the United States was softwood species, or about 

84% (Table 28, Fig. 6). Slight annual variations in the 

percentage of softwood and hardwood lumber used are 

common, and are a result of differing levels of activity in 

the various end use markets and variations in species consumption between them. About 97% of the lumber used in 

new housing in 2011 was estimated to have been softwood 

species. This amount is roughly equivalent to lumber use in 

2005. The increase in percentage of softwood lumber used 

in housing was largely due to a decline in hardwood flooring use, and rapid increase in house size that occurred in 

the 90s, which required larger amounts of softwood dimension lumber for framing. Increased use of engineered wood 

products in recent years, substituting for dimension lumber 

in both residential and nonresidential construction, tended 

to reduce the softwood percentage. Even with the variations 

caused by differences in end use markets, softwood lumber 

consumption as a percentage of total lumber consumption 

has remained around 83% since the 1960s. 

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Hardwood

Softwood

Figure 6. Lumber production and consumption by wood 

type, 1965-2011.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

6

Prices—Overall, softwood lumber prices rebounded in 2011 

but remained below the record high set during 2004. The 

actual producer price index for softwood lumber was 

77.8 in 2011 (1997 = 100), down from 101.6 in 2004 and 

slightly below 1 year ago (Table 35, Fig. 7). Historically, 

the producer price index for lumber rose rapidly between 

1965 and 1979, from 14.0 to 57.2. This represented an average increase of about 10.3% per year. A mild recession in 

the early to mid-1980s depressed lumber prices during the 

early years of the decade. It wasn’t until late in the decade 

that prices again reached record levels. On average, lumber 

prices increased just 1.9% per year during the 1980s. The 

price index again began to move upward in the early 1990s 

due in part to the effect on the sawmill industry from timber 

harvest reductions in the West. Since 1995, the softwood 

lumber producer price index has fluctuated from a relative 

low of 86.5 in 1995 to a high of 101.6 in 2004, and back 

down to a relative low of 75.7. Overall, the softwood lumber 

producer price index increased at a rate of about 5.7% per 

year between 1965 and 1999, then increased approximately 

2.0% per year from 1999 into 2005, then decreased at a rate 

of almost 7.6% per year between 2005 and 2011. 

Hardwood lumber prices, as measured by the hardwood 

lumber producer price index, have historically been much 

less volatile than softwood lumber. In 2011, the producer 

price index for hardwood lumber was 106.7, 7.8 points below the record high established in 2004 (Table 35, Fig. 8). 

Since 1965, hardwood lumber prices have increased at a rate 

of about 2.0% per year.

The relative producer price index for a given commodity 

measures the change in its price relative to all other commodities, and is calculated by dividing its producer price 

index by that for all commodities. If the relative price index 

is less than 100, then the given commodity is relatively less 

expensive than other commodities. If it is greater than 100, 

then it is relatively more expensive. In 2011, the relative 

price of softwood lumber was 49.4, down 11.5 points from 

2007 (Table 35, Fig. 7). Since 1965, relative softwood lumber prices ranged from a low of 55.4 in 1965 to a high of 

101.7 in 1994. The relative hardwood lumber price index in 

2011 was 67.8, down from 105.3 in 1998 (Table 35, Fig. 8). 

Long-term hardwood price indexes have been more stable 

than those for softwood lumber, ranging from a low of 72.8 

in 1981 to a high of 105.3 in 1998.

Engineered wood products such as glulam, I-joists, and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) are forecast to increase steadily. 

Glulam production during 2011 was 184 million bf, 

down 59% from a record high of 491 million bf in 2005 

(Table 34, Fig. 9). A little over one-half of U.S. glulam goes 

to new residential construction and remodeling uses. Nonresidential construction consumes the next largest proportion of glulam production. 

LVL production during 2011 was 38 million ft3, down from 

the 2005 record high of 91 ft3, while I-joist production 

was 293 million linear feet, down from the record high of 

1,282 million linear feet in 2004. The volume of LVL production used for I-joist flanges has kept pace with I-joist 

production in recent years. In 2011, approximately 77% of 

I-joists were used in new residential floor construction and 

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Figure 7. Price indexes for softwood lumber, 1965–2011.

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Figure 8. Price indexes for hardwood lumber, 1965–2011.

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I-Joists

Figure 9. Production of glulam, I-joists, and laminated 

veneer, 1980–2011.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

7

6% in residential roofs and walls. Approximately 10% were 

used in remodeling and 7% in nonresidential construction. A 

small volume of I-joists is export to Japan.

More recently, new hybrid products such as wood or natural 

fiber-plastic composites have also come on the market and 

now compete directly with traditional wood products. These 

new products are being used for decking, siding, roofing, 

and millwork. Production data for these new products are 

not available yet.

Woodpulp and Pulpwood 

Production, Prices, Trade, and 

Consumption

Total woodpulp production in U.S. mills in 2011 is estimated to be about 54.3 million tons based on data published 

by the American Forest and Paper Association (AF&PA) 

(Table 49). This is slightly above 2010 levels, but 23% 

below the previous high produced in 1995. Most U.S. paper companies have experienced poor financial returns for 

nearly a decade. With the exception of a short-lived boom in 

1995, the 1990s were a decade of low profitability while the 

2000s was the decade of consolidations and plant closures. 

Plagued by overcapacity and low commodity prices, the 

industry failed to earn its cost of capital throughout most of 

the 1990s. The negative growth during 2001 and 2002 was 

the first time that capacity had ever declined for 2 years in 

a row during the 40 years that AF&PA has been compiling 

capacity data. Extending the downward trend that began in 

2001, U.S. paper and paperboard capacity declined 0.8% in 

2005, to 99.3 million tons. Paper and paperboard capacity 

declined 4.4% between 2000 and 2005. The AF&PA’s 52nd 

Annual Capacity Survey revealed that paper and paperboard 

capacity in the United States declined slowed to 1.4% in 

2011 to a level of 89.7 million short tons and was smaller 

than the 3.1% capacity reduction recorded in 2010.

On the basis of the above volumes, related data on pulpwood production published by the United States Department 

of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service (FS) Forest Inventory Analysis Unit (FIA), which includes both roundwood 

and chips, shows an estimated 75.3 million cords in 2011 

(Table 24, Fig. 10). This volume is about 9% below 2007 

levels and 19.3% below the record high level established 

in 1994. Pulpwood production has seen its fair share of ups 

and downs over the past decade. There was a downward 

trend that had begun in 1997 and continued into 2002, but 

was interrupted by a brief increase in production between 

2003 and 2005 that reversed the trend. This lengthy decline 

in pulpwood production coincided with the decline in wood 

pulp production. Mill shutdowns had a strong impact, with 

nearly 10 million tons of paper and paperboard capacity removed between 2000 and 2010. The slowdown in pulpwood 

production reversed in 2003 with the industry experiencing 

its second straight year of increased pulpwood production 

in 2004 (Table 24). Since 2004, however, pulpwood production has re-established a downward trend that continued 

into 2009 before increasing slightly in 2010 then returning 

to the downward trend in 2011. Softwood roundwood and 

chip production in 2011 was 55.3 million cords, down 7.5% 

from 2007 (Table 24). All three of the major producing 

regions in 2011 showed slight decreases in output. In the 

West, production of softwood in 2011 was at 3.3 million 

cords. Softwood output in the North dropped to 5.6 million 

cords. Southern softwood roundwood production also saw 

a decline in 2011, decreasing to 46.9 million cords. About 

84% of U.S. softwood roundwood pulpwood produced came 

from southern forests.

Output of hardwood roundwood and chips in 2011 was 

24.3 million cords, just above the 23.9 million cords in 

2010. Although the output of hardwood pulpwood and chips 

gradually declined over the past 4 years, the proportion of 

total round pulpwood and chips from hardwood species 

has slowly increased. This reversed the downward trend 

that had started in 1994 and continued into 2011. Through 

the 1960s and early 1970s, hardwoods became an increasingly important source of round pulpwood, a reflection of 

changes in pulping technology, the types of pulp produced, 

and the relative price of different species. During 2011, 

hardwood pulpwood comprised 44% of total U.S. pulpwood 

production. This was up slightly from 39.8% of pulpwood 

production at the high point in production during 1994. 

Further erosion in pulpwood demand is likely as capacity to 

produce paper and paperboard continues a downward trend 

that began in 2001 as electronic media demand continues to 

increase.

FIA data on pulpwood receipts indicate that pulpwood production in the South in 2011 was 62.6 million cords, down 

a significant 16.1% from the high production year in 1994 

when 74.7 million cords of pulpwood was produced 

(Table 25, Fig. 11).

The South has accounted for more than 65% of total U.S. 

pulpwood production in the past 10 years. During 2011, the 

South accounted for 81.5%. All of the 14 states in the South 

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Figure 10. Pulpwood production by wood type, 1965–2011.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

8

have contributed to the decline in pulpwood production 

noted above. However, this decrease has been greatest in 

Georgia and Alabama, which together accounted for a third 

of the pulpwood output in this region. This is consistent 

with the location of the industry within the area. Of the total 

number of pulp mills in the South, some 30% are located in 

Alabama and Georgia.

About 65% of the 62.6 million cords of round pulpwood 

harvested in the South in 2011 was softwoods. This proportion has been gradually falling over the last decade, and the 

trend continued into 2011. Southern softwood roundwood 

output has been decreasing since 2004, while hardwoods 

have held fairly steady over the past 6 years. Between 2003 

and 2008, for example, hardwood roundwood production 

declined by an average of 0.1 million cords per year while 

softwood roundwood decreased on average by 1.5 million 

cords per year since 2003.

Receipts of domestically produced pulpwood in the West 

leveled off after declining throughout the 1990s but began to 

decline again after 2005. Softwood production in the West 

has fallen in each year since 1988. Softwood production was 

3.3 million cords in 2011, below 2007 levels of 3.4 million 

cords, and down from 17.4 million cords of production in 

1988 (Table 25, Fig. 12). Chips accounted for roughly the 

same percentage of pulpwood production in 2011 as it did 

in 2005, declining slightly over the last 3 years. Of the total 

production of pulpwood, roundwood, and chips, 61% was 

from softwood species. Production of hardwood roundwood 

has also held steady over the last 3 years.

Data on domestically produced mill receipts indicate that 

pulpwood production in the North, roundwood plus chips, 

was 11.3 million cords in 2008, slightly below the 13.3 million cords that were produced in 2007 (Table 25, Fig. 13). 

About 68% of the total was from hardwood species, roughly 

the same as the proportion in 2007. About 72% of the total 

pulpwood output in the North was from roundwood, about 

equal to the proportion for the South in 2008. The use of 

chip residues in the North has been declining steadily as in 

other U.S. regions.

Stumpage prices remain depressed in lower Louisiana and 

other areas in the South as the rebound from the current economic downturn that began in 2008 continues (Miller Freeman 2011). The decline in prices reflected also the contraction in both U.S. softwood and hardwood demand as more 

than a quarter of the country’s 186 pulp mills shut down 

since 1996. With weak demand still present in the market, 

pulpwood stumpage prices during 2011 remained lower than 

in 2005. Pine and hardwood pulpwood prices peaked in the 

South, the Nation’s largest fiber market, during 1998 when 

the stumpage price for Louisiana pine was $29.99 per cord 

(1997 dollars), before falling to $14.34 per cord in 2011 

(Table 26). Delivered pulpwood price for Southern Pine 

was $47.02 per cord in 2011, which is an all-time low 

(Table 27). 

Pulpwood prices vary a great deal among species and 

regions. In general, prices were historically highest for 

softwoods, especially the long fiber northern species such 

as spruce and fir. In some areas in response to changes in 

pulping technology and pulpwood availability and quality, 

the relationship between hardwood and softwood prices has 

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olume (million cords) Figure 11. Pulpwood production in U.S. South, 1965–2011.

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U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

9

changed. For example, in Louisiana the softwood pulpwood 

price per cord stayed at a higher level than hardwoods during the 1990s for every year other than 1995 when the price 

of hardwood pulpwood exceeded the softwood price. Since 

2001, the hardwood pulpwood price in Louisiana has exceeded the softwood pulpwood.

Pulpwood stumpage prices for most species followed the 

same trends as pulpwood prices and slowed during 1999 

(Tables 26 and 27). In Louisiana for example, Southern 

Pine pulpwood stumpage decreased from $20.54 (1997 dollars) in 2007 to $14.34 (1997 dollars) in 2011. In contrast to 

softwoods, Louisiana hardwood stumpage prices increased 

from 2007 to 2010, rising 43% as compared to a 32.0% increase from 2010 to 2011 for Southern Pine. Pulpwood and 

pulpwood stumpage prices have been quite volatile over the 

last 10 years. Most of the volatility has been due to falling 

capacity and industry restructuring as well as the current 

recession, resulting in lowered demand. The U.S. pulp and 

paper industry has brought capital spending to levels well 

under depreciation and amortization, effectively pulling capital out of the industry. U.S. companies have also been consolidating their operations in response to increased global 

competition and poor financial returns. The result has been a 

closing of marginal mills, further reducing the capacity base. 

Apparent pulpwood consumption in U.S. mills in 2011 was 

an estimated 73.4 million cords (Table 24, Fig. 14). This 

was a decrease from the 88.7 million cords of consumption in 2007. In total, about 77.0 million cords of pulpwood 

domestic production plus net imports were required to meet 

the relatively flat demand for paper, paperboard, and pulp 

products in 2011. Wood requirements for exports amounted 

to an additional 1.6 million cords.

Plywood and Veneer Log 

Production, Prices, Trade, and 

Consumption

Softwood plywood production in 2011 was estimated at 

8.9 billion square feet (3/8-in. basis) based on data published by APA–The Engineered Wood Association (APA) 

(Table 37, Figs. 15 and 16). This is slightly below softwood 

plywood production 1 year ago. The rise in production during 2010 was short lived as the wood using sector continues 

to fluctuate in the weakened state as a result on the ongoing 

effects from the housing recession that began in 2008. OSB 

continued to increase its share of the market once dominated 

by plywood. For example, between 1994 and 2011, plywood 

production declined by 48%.

Historically, production of softwood plywood was concentrated in the West, chiefly in the Pacific Coast States of 

Washington, Oregon, and California. However, these three 

States during 2011 accounted for only 26% of plywood 

production. In the years since the first plywood plant began 

production in the South, production in that region has grown 

to 65% of plywood production. For example, over the last 

10 years from 1995 to 2005, production in the South has increased to 5.8 billion ft2 (3/8-in. basis) in 2011 while falling 

to 2.3 million ft2 in the West. Although the volume produced 

was down somewhat during the last 3 years in the South, 

the percentage of total U.S. production from southern plants 

continued to increase.

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

V

olume (million cords)

Total consumption

Consumption in U.S. mills

Domestic production

Figure 14. Total pulpwood consumption and production, 

1965–2011.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

V

olume (million ft2

)

Production Consumption

Figure 15. Total plywood production and consumption, 

1965–2011.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

V

Production Consumption

olume (million ft2

) Figure 16. Softwood plywood production and consumption, 

1965–2011.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

10

About two-thirds of the softwood plywood manufactured in 

2011 was from Southern Pine.

Hardwood plywood production declined slightly from 

1 year ago to an estimated 1.5 billion ft2 in 2011 (3/8-in. basis) (Table 37, Fig. 17). This volume, the lowest since 1992, 

continues the recent trend of small annual decreases over the 

last 7 years. Weak demand from the furniture, cabinetry, and 

fixtures sector was the main factor fueling the percentage 

decline in production. Stock hardwood plywood accounts 

for slightly more than half of all the hardwood plywood 

produced. Of this amount, eastern producers, with their 

proximity to the hardwood forest resource, produce 60% of 

hardwood plywood, while western producers account for 

38% of production, with the Great Lakes States making up 

the remainder.

Hardwood plywood producers use a wide range of species 

for the face veneers of their products. Red oak remains 

the most popular species at 35% of the market, followed 

by birch at 29%, and maple at 17%. The cores used in the 

hardwood plywood industry vary from veneer plies at 63% 

of the market to MDF cores at 16%. The use of MDF and 

particleboard cores has increased steadily since 1991.

Softwood plywood prices as measured by the actual producer price index continued to decline in 2011 and has trended 

downward since the historical high was reached in 2004 of 

143.1 (Table 42, Fig. 18). The relative softwood plywood 

price index in 2011 was 68.3 (Table 42, Fig. 19). This was 

below the level of 1 year ago.

Hardwood plywood prices trended slowly upward from 

1999 until 2004 when they began a period of stability, and 

the stable trend has continued into 2011 (Table 42, Figs. 18 

and 19). The actual hardwood plywood price as indicated by 

the actual producer price index for 2011 was 81.8 (1997 = 

100), below the 105.8 level registered in 2004, but slightly 

above levels from 1 year ago. The relative index registered 

a slight increase for 2011 coinciding with the increase in the 

actual producer price index.

Imports of softwood plywood, about 478 million ft2 (3/8-in. 

basis) in 2011, decreased 56% under 2007 levels (Table 37). 

Imports of softwood plywood are small relative to overall 

U.S. plywood consumption. Exports of softwood plywood 

were estimated at about 740 million ft2 in 2011. Exports in 

2011 were 33.8% above exports in 2007. After increasing 

since 2006, softwood plywood exports amount to 8.2% of 

softwood plywood production in 2011.

Softwood veneer imports were an estimated 1.5 billion ft2

surface measure in 2011 (Table 40). This is a 32.2% increase 

from the volume of imports compared to 1 year ago, comprising about 66% of total veneer imports. Softwood veneer 

exports decreased to 174.3 million ft2 surface measure in 

2011. This was a decrease of 36.8% compared to 1 year ago.

Hardwood plywood imports in 2011 were 2.7 billion ft2

(3/8-in. basis), 2.5% above 1 year ago. The 4.6 billion ft2

level in 2004 was the highest level of imports since 1988 

when 3.2 billion ft2 were imported. The downward trend 

that continued through 2010 in hardwood plywood imports 

also echoed the trend observed in softwood plywood 

imports.

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

V

olume (million ft2

)

Production Consumption

Figure 17. Hardwood plywood production and consumption, 

1965–2011.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Actual pro

ducer price index

(1997 = 100)

All plywood

All softwood plywood

All hardwood plywood

Figure 18. Actual producer price indexes for plywood, 

1965–2011.

Figure 19. Relative producer price indexes for plywood, 

1965–2011.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Relative pro

ducer price index

(1997 = 100)

All plywood

All softwood plywood

All hardwood plywood
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

11

This trend changed over the past decade, with Canada, Brazil, Malaysia, and the Russian Federation becoming major 

sources of hardwood plywood imports. Asia is still the largest source of U.S. hardwood plywood imports, accounting 

for 79% of all hardwood plywood imported to the United 

States in 2011 (Table 39). Since 2003, China has become 

the largest single country source of U.S. hardwood plywood 

imports with 67% of total U.S. imports and 84% of all Asia 

imports to the United States. 

Imports of hardwood veneer, used chiefly in the manufacture of hardwood plywood in U.S. mills, totaled 

798.6 million ft2 (surface measure) in 2011 (Table 40). 

This was 16.9% below 2010 and 71.3% below the peak import year of 1972. Since 1995, imports of hardwood veneer 

fluctuated before declining each year since 2007. Hardwood 

plywood exports in 2011 totaled 200 million ft2 (3/8-in. 

basis) (Table 37). This was 4.3% below 2010 levels of hardwood plywood exports. The decrease in exports represents 

a fall in demand from the European and Canadian markets. 

Canada, China, Indonesia, and the Russian Federation are 

the top four markets, representing nearly 90.0% of U.S. exports of these products (Table 39). Hardwood veneer exports 

were an estimated 182.2 billion ft2 (surface measure) in 

2011, 48% below 2010.

Consumption of softwood plywood in 2011 was an estimated 8.7 billion ft2 (3/8-in. basis) (Table 38, Fig. 20). This 

is 19% below consumption in 2007 and represented the third 

consecutive year that softwood plywood consumption has 

decreased since a peak of 16.3 billion ft2 (3/8-in. basis) in 

2005. The small rise in consumption in 2005 occurred as 

OSB continued to erode softwood plywood market share. 

Since 1992 when OSB was certified to perform as well as 

softwood plywood, OSB has been rapidly eroding the market share of softwood plywood. This certification allows 

OSB to compete directly for the same markets while offering the consumer a lower cost product. However, certain 

applications are still dominated by the use of softwood plywood, such as underlayment for floors. 

In the United States, there are 62 plywood-producing mills 

and 38 OSB mills (APA–The Engineered Wood Association 

2011). Nearly 68% of all grades of softwood plywood are 

produced in the South. The West, the traditional producer of 

softwood plywood, especially Douglas-fir plywood, is slowly adapting to serving niche markets because of the reduced 

timber supplies from public lands.

Although OSB is increasing its share in the previously 

dominated softwood plywood market, a weak residential 

construction market can explain some of the consumption decrease for softwood plywood during 2011. Also 

important are nonresidential construction, manufacturing, 

maintenance, repair, and remodeling. The large proportion 

of single-family houses, which use more plywood per unit 

than multifamily structures, also contributed to the overall 

fall. These factors suggest that future changes in demand for 

softwood plywood will likely be closely related to changes 

in the volumes of residential construction and OSB 

production.

Apparent consumption of hardwood plywood rose 1.8% in 

2011 to an estimated 4.0 billion ft2 (3/8-in. basis) (Table 37, 

Fig. 16). This was 73 million ft2 more than in 2010, and represented a discontinuation of the declining trend since 2005. 

The continued decline in hardwood plywood consumption 

in 2008 in part reflected the still weakened U.S. housing 

market, an important market for hardwood plywood for wall 

paneling, kitchen cabinets, and door skins. Mobile home 

output also decreased in 2008; mobile home production as 

well as furniture output declines contributed to the decrease.

In 2011, 67% of the hardwood plywood consumed in the 

United States was supplied by imports (Table 37). This has 

been the trend throughout the 1990s and into 2011 as hardwood plywood imports consistently account for at least 60% 

of hardwood plywood consumption.

Total softwood log exports decreased 26% during 2011 

from 1 year ago (Table 18). However, softwood log exports 

from the western United States increased dramatically as 

Douglas-fir log exports increased 63% in 2011 compared 

to 2010, but still are down over 55% since 1988. China 

surpassed Canada as the largest importer of logs from the 

United States in 2011; receiving 53% of U.S. softwood log 

exports. Canada was second, importing 27.4% from the 

United States, with Japan being a distant third. During 2011, 

log imports from Canada decreased slightly, but Canada remained the principal exporter of softwood logs to the United 

States. Softwood log imports historically accounted for 

more than 85% of all log imports (Table 16). In 2011, softwood log imports to the United States fell to 48% of total 

log imports. 

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1980198219841986198819901992199419961998200020022004200620082010

Volume (million ft)

Softwood plywood

OSB

2011

Figure 20. Softwood plywood and OSB consumption, 

1970–2011.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

12

Particleboard, Hardboard, and 

Insulation Board Production, 

Prices, Trade, and Consumption

According to estimates of the National Particleboard 

Association, production of particleboard in 2011 totaled 

2.3 billion ft2 (3/4-in. basis), down slightly from a year ago 

and more than 50% below the peak year in 1999 when 

4.8 billion ft2 was produced (Table 53, Fig. 21). Particleboard is a generic term for a panel primarily composed of 

cellulose materials (usually wood), generally in the form 

of discrete pieces or particles. The cellulose materials are 

combined with a synthetic resin or another bonding system. 

Because of its uniformity, flatness, and dimensional stability, particleboard is used primarily for floor underlayment, 

kitchen counter underlayment, furniture components, and 

cabinet components.

Foreign trade in particleboard was insignificant before mid1960 and very small through the early 1970s; however, both 

imports and exports experienced a period of growth during the 1980s and 1990s and remain at historical levels. In 

2011, exports increased by 2.0% to an estimated 408 million 

ft2 (3/4-in. basis). Imports of particleboard were relatively 

unchanged from a year ago but were 16.1% above the 2009 

import level.

Apparent consumption of particleboard fell 18.5% during 

2008 compared to 2007 and has remained flat for the last 

3 years and into 2011.

Production of MDF in 2011 was 1.5 billion ft2 (3/4-in. basis). This is up slightly from the 1.4 billion ft2 of production 

in 2010 but 12.6 % below 2009. The major market for MDF 

at the present time is furniture and cabinetry applications 

because of its smoothness, dimensional stability, paintability, and the sharp lines that are left after a decorative cut is 

made on the panel.

Hardboard production in 2011 was estimated to be 2.5 billion ft2 (1/8-in. basis) (Table 56, Fig. 22). This was 7.3% 

below 1 year ago and well below the high in 1978. Hardboard production has been trending down since 1978 when 

hardboard production was 7.8 billion ft2.

Imports of hardboard in 2011 amounted to 693 million ft2, 

38% below 2010, and continued the downward trend of 

hardboard imports that started in 2007. Previous to 2007, 

hardboard imports had trended upward since 1993. Imports 

accounted for 57% of total U.S. hardboard consumption in 

2008. Exports of hardboard, after a short-lived growth period between 2004 and 2006, declined further in 2011. Exports of hardboard, although declining, still account for 32% 

of total production. 

Consumption of hardboard in 2008 was 4.2 billion ft2, 

31.3% below 2007. This decrease in consumption is partly a 

reflection of a weakened housing sector. Hardboard is used 

primarily in the construction industry for exterior siding in 

new residential construction. In 2011, about one-fourth of 

all hardboard consumed was for residential exterior siding. 

Production of insulation board in 2011 was about 

2.3 billion ft2 (1/2-in. basis) or 857,000 tons (Tables 54 

and 55, Fig. 23). Imports and exports of insulation board 

were relatively small, amounting to 112,000 and 

62,000 tons, respectively.

Production and trade of insulation board has been flat since 

1993. The long-term outlook is one of no growth. Further 

developments of structural grades of particleboard at competitive prices could further accelerate particleboard demand 

for sheathing and other construction uses. MDF should also 

continue to provide increasing competition for the traditional board uses. 

Miscellaneous Timber Products 

Production, Prices, Trade, and 

Consumption

Production of miscellaneous industrial roundwood products, which includes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence 

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

V

olume (million ft2

)

Production

Consumption

Figure 21. Particleboard consumption and production, 

1965–2011.

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Volume (million ft2

)

Production Consumption

Figure 22. Hardboard consumption and production, 

1965–2011.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

13

posts, mine timbers, and an assortment of other products 

such as hewn ties and box bolts, was estimated at 431 million ft3 in 2011. This volume has been declining annually 

over the last 12 years until 2011, when an increase in volume was recorded (Table 5a).

In 2011, wood energy use remained fairly constant from 

1 year ago. Wood energy provided 2.0 quadrillion Btu of energy out of a total 99.9 quad consumed in the United States. 

This was equivalent to about 8.2 billion ft3 of wood 

(Table 60). Sixty-four percent was in industrial use, mostly 

in the form of wood residue and black liquor at pulp and 

paper mills. The remainder was for residential use (24%), 

electric utilities (9%), and commercial buildings (3%). Total 

wood energy use has declined about 23% from a high of 

2.6 quadrillion Btu in 1983 (Fig. 24). The decline was led 

by declines in industrial and residential use. Electric utility 

use has increased fairly steadily since the early 1990s.

Production of round fuelwood in 2011 was estimated at 

1.6 billion ft3, up slightly from 2010. Fuelwood consumption dropped sharply in the first five decades of the past century because of the substitution of oil, gas, coal and electricity in home cooking, heating, and industrial uses. 

In recent years, however, substantial markets have developed for wood pellets. Pellet fuel is a renewable, cleanburning heating alternative used in approximately 1 million 

homes in the United States. The estimated pellet industry 

capacity in 2011 was 10.2 million tons.

Total domestic turpentine production rose to 22 million gallons in 2011 (Table 59). This continues the downward trend 

that began in 2002. 

Total production in 2011 was composed of 100% sulphate 

turpentine. Historically, gum and steam distilled constituted 

about 15% of total turpentine production. But since 1985, 

the industry has declined and crude turpentine has dominated production. In the United States, the principal sources 

of turpentine are the longleaf and slash pine in the South. 

The substance obtained from these and other species of trees 

consists of 75% to 90% resin and 10% to 25% oil. Crude 

commercial turpentine is valuable mainly as a source of 

resins.

Domestic production of rosin fell to 255 tons during 2011. 

Rosin production has fluctuated widely over the last decade. 

During 2008, rosin production was composed entirely of tall 

oil rosin. Historically, gum and steam rosin composed about 

15% of the industry. Since the mid-1980s, tall oil rosin has 

dominated the industry. Tall oil rosin is the rosin remaining 

after the removal of substantially all of the fatty acids from 

tall oil fractional distillation or other suitable means. The 

fatty acid content shall not exceed 5%.

Criteria and Indicators of 

Sustainable Forest Management 

The Montreal Process criteria and indicators (C&I) of sustainable forest management (SFM) include 7 criteria and 

67 indicators that measure the diverse sets of values that society places on forest resources (FS 2011). The support and 

development of the C&I for the United States reflects the 

evolution of forest policies and priorities in forest management among the diverse stewards of U.S. forest resources. 

Six of the 19 indicators under Criterion 6, maintenance and 

enhancement of long-term multiple socioeconomic benefits 

to meet the needs of societies and assess the production and 

consumption of forest products. A subset of four of the six 

production and consumption indicators parallel and complement the standard measures in this report. These indicators 

are as follows:

•	 Value and volume of wood and wood products production, including value-added through downstream processing (Indicator 29)

•	 Supply and consumption of wood and wood products, 

including consumption per capita (Indicator 31)

•	 Value of wood and [nonwood products] production as a 

percentage of GDP (Indicator 32)

•	 Degree of recycling of forest products (Indicator 33)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

V

olume (million ft2

)

Production Consumption

Figure 23. Insulation board consumption and production, 

1965–2011.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

11,000

12,000

19731975197719791981198319851987198919911993199519971999200120032005200720092011

Energ

y use

Trillion Btu

Million ft3 of wood equivalent

Figure 24. Wood energy use in the United States, 

1973–2005.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

14

Measures of production, consumption, and value are important to the goals underlying sustainable forest management. 

These types of measures reflect the importance of forest 

resources in supplying raw materials for manufacturing 

and the value that society places on the production of wood 

and wood products. Strategies to achieve sustainable forest management must reflect the role of forest resources in 

maintaining a dynamic and strong economy as a primary 

component of meeting the needs of society.

Volume and Value of Wood and 

Wood Products Production 

The total volume of wood products (in roundwood equivalent inputs) in the United States, including fuelwood, has decreased from 18 billion ft3 in the late 1980s and early 1990s 

to 15.9 billion in 2006 before falling further to 12.7 billion 

ft3 in 2011. The amount of primary wood and paper products 

produced in the United States increased relatively steadily 

from 82 million tons in 1950 to 204 million tons in 1999 

and has since then declined to 137.3 million tons in 2011.

Of that production, approximately 65% and 35% was softwood and hardwood, respectively, in 2006, based on roundwood equivalent inputs (Tables 6a and 7a) (Howard 2012). 

The value of shipments for all wood furniture, wood products, and paper products production surpassed $370 billion 

in 2006 (DOC 2009) up from $364 billion in 2005. Valueadded from all wood, furniture (including nonwood furniture) and paper products surpassed $170 billion in 2006, up 

from $167 billion in 2005 (DOC 2009). Although lumber 

and wood products value-added accounted for nearly 2.0% 

of total value-added or $44.3 billion, the highest valueadded continues to come from the paper and allied products 

sector of forest production (Fig. 25). In 2006, this sector 

produced more than $80.0 billion of value-added, primarily 

by paper mills and paperboard containers and boxes. 

Furniture and fixtures (excluding nonwood furniture) 

represented roughly 2.0% of value-added or more than 

$32 billion in 2006.

The total volume of sawnwood production has decreased in 

proportion to other wood products, from 51% of industrial 

roundwood production in 1965 to 46% in 2006 before falling in 2011 to 40% (Table 5a). Nevertheless, the volume of 

sawnwood production increased by 21% over the 40-year 

period between 1965 and 2005; the lowest volume was 

5.1 billion ft3 in 1982 and the highest volume was 7.9 billion ft3 in 2005. On average, the value of sawnwood production has continued to increase in real terms (net of inflation) 

although in effect, still recovering from sharp declines in the 

early 1980s (Fig. 26). Meanwhile, the value-added by sawnwood production remained fairly stable during the 1990s at 

around $8 billion in real terms before increasing to $11 billion in 2004 and then dropping to $9.8 billion in 2006. The 

volume of sawnwood production increased as much as 

2.4 billion ft3 from the low in 1982 to the current level of 

Millwork

32%

Veneer, plywood, 

and engineered

wood product 

mfg 19%

Sawmills

and wood

preservation

21% 

Wood container 

and pallet mfg

10%

All other wood

products mfg

19% 

Office furniture

including 

fixtures

44%

Household and

institutional 

furniture mfg

41%

Wood kitchen cabinet and

countertop

28%

Furniture and related products manufacturing 

(excluding nonwood)

Paper Manufacturing

Paper mills

34% 

Pulp mills 3%

Paperboard

mills 15% 

Paperboard

container

mfg 23%

Paper product mfg

10%

Lumber and wood product manufacturing

Other 

furniture

related

product

mfg 13%

Figure 25. Value-added categories of wood and 

wood fiber products in 2004.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

15

7.6 billion ft3 in 2006. Rising real lumber prices are important drivers in the introduction of new technologies to use 

more species, small dimension wood, and residues to make 

composite structural panels and engineered wood components such as OSB, I-beams, laminated beams, and truss 

framing.

The production of plywood and veneer has declined in recent years, falling below the level produced in 1965. Other 

wood-based panels production has increased since 1965. 

Current levels of plywood production remain well below 

the peak level of 22.8 billion ft2 (3/8-in. basis) in 1987 (Table 37) and the total value of plywood shipments decreased 

slightly to $10.4 billion in 2006 and made up more than 

24% of the total value-added of all wood products 

(DOC 2009).

Pulp and paper products provide the highest value among 

wood commodities produced in the United States. The recent decrease in pulp and paper production reflects important linkages between decreased income and decreased 

demand for pulp and paper products. Paper and board 

products by weight increased more than 116% since 1965 

(Table 43). The value-added of pulp and paper production 

has fluctuated widely during some periods, but was $80 billion in 2006 (DOC 2009). The decrease in pulp and paper 

volumes with somewhat falling values reflects advances in 

recycling as well as efficiency gains and lower production 

costs of foreign competitors. The largest impact to the wood 

products sector results from the economic decline and reduced activity in the United States housing sector.

Supply and Consumption of Wood 

and Wood Products

In addition to knowing the historical and current levels of 

production, we need to assess our ability to maintain, increase, or decrease levels of production in response to the 

changing needs of society. The rationale for this indicator is 

that we will know to what extent we have met and can continue to meet wood demands with out available supply. The 

additional information gained with this measure compared 

to the production and value indicators is that supply reflects 

all sources, domestic and international, of wood. However, 

no C&I variables directly measure the balance of trade in 

wood products; thus, potential dependence outside sources 

(a possible indicator of management away from sustainable 

levels) is not evident. 

The deficit in U.S. production compared to U.S. consumption of industrial wood products (in roundwood equivalents) 

in 2011 was 1.8 billion ft3, which is slightly more 

than the net imports in 1965, which were just over 1.0 billion ft3 but quite a bit less than the net imports in 2005, 

which were over 4.1 billion ft3. The 2011 figure includes 

wood imports of 3.5 billion ft3 and exports of 1.7 billion ft3. 

Imports (in roundwood equivalents) constituted almost 24% 

of the volume consumed in 2011, compared to 12% in 1965 

(Table 5a). Softwood lumber remains the primary import 

into the United States: approximately 40% or 1.4 billion ft3

(in roundwood equivalent) of total wood imports in 2011 

(Tables 5a and 6a). 

The roundwood equivalent of the total consumption of 

wood products in the United States had steadily increased 

until 2005, reaching a peak of 20.7 billion ft3. Since 2005, 

however, total consumption of wood products has dropped 

drastically, reaching just 12.8 billion ft3 in 2010 before rebounding to 14.6 billion ft3 in 2011. Fluctuations in wood 

products flow reflects periods of economic downtowns 

and recovery as the demand for wood and wood products 

generally tracks basic macroeconomic indicators, such as 

those summarized in Table 1. Slower rates of increase in the 

consumption of wood products since 1990 have resulted in 

relatively stable trends in per capita wood consumption at 

about 67 ft3 over the previous decade (Fig. 27). Per capita 

consumption by wood products sector shows a fairly stable 

proportion of individual consumption of most products, 

with slight decreases in all sectors between 2005 and 2008. 

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

197719811985198919931997200120052009

Value (billion$)

Volume Value Value-added

Volume (billion ft3

)

Figure 26. U.S. Production and Consumption of 

Roundwood. 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

5

10

15

20

25

1965197019751980198519901995200020052010

Volume per capita (ft3

)

Volume (billion ft3

)

Consumption per capita Production

Consumption

Figure 27. U.S. per capita consumption of wood products, 

1965–2011.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

16

But the Great Recession that started in 2008 was the driving force behind the greatest downturn in the wood products 

sector of all time.

Total and Per Capita Consumption 

of Nonwood Forest Products

Nonwood forest products are items harvested or gathered 

from forests that are not traditional wood products. The 

quantity of nonwood forest products consumed indicates the 

relative importance of forest as a source of products other 

than wood and wood products. Information on the consumption of nonwood forest products, especially when compared 

to sustainable production levels, helps to illustrate the balance between supply and demand. When consumption and 

available supplies are not balanced, price changes are likely 

to occur and cause economic effects in the forest sector or 

elsewhere in the economy. Estimates are provided for nontimber forest products and nonwood forest products.

This indicator measures investments made to maintain 

and/or enhance the ability of forests to produce goods and 

services for the benefit of a nation’s economy and people. 

Sustainable forest management is not possible in the long 

run without regular investments in forest protection and 

management operations, forest industries and enterprises, 

and forest-based environmental services. When capacities to 

protect, manage, and use forests erode through lack of funding, the benefits that forests provide also decline (FS 2011).

Why can’t the entire indicator be reported at this time? 

Capital expenditure and annual expense data are not available for a number of entities that protect and manage forests, 

including county/local governments, conservation organizations, and certain corporate land owners, such as Timber 

Investment Management Organizations(TIMOs) or Real 

Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Capital and annual expense data are not available by region for forest based recreation and tourism. Data specifically on capital and annual 

expenses for providing forest-based environmental services 

are not available although some cited total expenses by the 

FS and state forestry agencies support these services.

Traditionally, recovery and recycling in the forestry sector 

have been associated primarily with paper and paper products, namely newsprint and office waste paper. The majority of available data reflects these productions. Recently, 

research and data on the recycling of solid wood materials 

from demolished structures, construction sites, and mill residues reflect the increasing value that society places on forest 

resources. Paper and paperboard recycling has increased 

steadily over the last few decades, with substantial increases 

in the 1990s. As of 2008, paper and paperboard was being 

recovered in the United States at a rate of 57.4%, up from 

22% in 1970, while utilization of recovered paper was at 

37%, up from 25% in 1965 (Tables 46 and 47) (AF&PA 

2009).

Literature Cited 

AF&PA. 2011. Paper, paperboard, and wood pulp statistical 

summary. [monthly] Washington, D.C. American Forest & 

Paper Association. p. 3, 7, 9. 

APA–The Engineered Wood Association. 2009. Regional 

production and market outlook for structural panels and 

other engineered wood products. 2007–2012. Rep. E73. Tacoma, WA: APA–The Engineered Wood Association.

DOC. 2006. Statistics for industry groups and industries. 

Annual survey of manufactures. M(AS-1). Washington, 

D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census. http://www.

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Research Paper FPL–RP–676

22Table 1—Measures of economic growth, population, and prices, 1965–2011

Nonresidential

fixed Number of Producer Consumer

investmentc,a housing Mobile Total Furniture Paper price price

Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion startsd homesd Popula- industrial Manufac- and and index all index all

current 1996 current 1996 current 1996 1996 Thousand Thousand tiona productiona,e turinga,e fixturese productse commoditiesf itemsa

 Year dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars units units Millions 1997=100 1997=100 1997=100 1997=100 1997=100 1997=100

1965 719.1 2,998.7 493.9 2,059.6 81.9 341.5 226.7 1,473 217 194.3 40.3 37.3 36.6 39.4 25.3 19.61966 787.8 3,193.4 533.7 2,163.4 85.8 347.8 255.0 1,165 217 196.6 43.9 40.7 39.4 42.5 26.1 20.21967 833.6 3,278.0 571.9 2,248.9 87.2 342.9 251.5 1,292 240 198.7 44.8 41.4 39.4 42.5 26.2 20.81968 910.6 3,432.3 621.4 2,342.3 96.8 364.9 262.5 1,508 318 200.7 47.3 43.8 40.8 45.0 26.8 21.71969 982.2 3,531.8 668.4 2,403.5 104.9 377.2 282.4 1,467 413 202.7 49.5 45.7 42.7 48.4 27.9 22.91970 1,035.6 3,535.7 727.1 2,482.4 105.9 361.6 280.8 1,434 401 205.1 47.9 43.6 40.0 47.9 28.9 24.21971 1,125.4 3,650.3 790.2 2,563.1 122.4 397.0 280.6 2,052 497 207.7 48.5 44.3 41.6 50.0 29.9 25.21972 1,237.3 3,844.9 855.3 2,657.9 139.1 432.3 306.1 2,357 576 209.9 53.2 48.9 50.2 62.5 31.2 26.11973 1,382.6 4,064.1 965.0 2,836.6 153.8 452.1 350.7 2,045 567 211.9 57.5 53.3 53.5 67.7 35.3 27.71974 1,496.9 4,050.1 1,054.2 2,852.3 155.2 419.9 353.5 1,338 329 213.9 57.2 53.1 49.8 70.8 41.9 30.71975 1,630.6 4,039.1 1,159.2 2,871.4 152.6 378.0 318.4 1,160 213 216.0 52.0 47.5 42.6 61.3 45.8 33.61976 1,819.0 4,251.0 1,273.0 2,975.0 172.1 402.2 334.1 1,538 246 218.0 56.0 51.7 47.6 67.7 47.9 35.61977 2,026.9 4,445.9 1,401.4 3,073.9 200.5 439.8 371.6 1,987 277 220.2 60.1 56.1 53.2 70.6 50.9 37.81978 2,291.4 4,700.3 1,580.1 3,241.2 239.9 492.1 424.1 2,020 276 222.6 63.4 59.5 58.1 73.6 54.8 40.71979 2,557.5 4,852.9 1,769.5 3,357.7 272.9 517.8 466.6 1,745 277 225.1 65.3 61.2 59.5 74.8 61.7 45.21980 2,784.2 4,852.2 1,973.3 3,439.0 273.9 477.3 466.3 1,292 222 227.7 63.5 58.9 58.0 74.6 70.4 51.31981 3,115.9 4,969.5 2,200.2 3,509.1 289.1 461.1 492.6 1,084 241 230.0 64.3 59.5 58.5 75.7 76.8 56.71982 3,242.1 4,874.6 2,347.3 3,529.2 279.3 419.9 474.2 1,062 240 232.2 60.9 56.2 55.7 74.3 78.4 60.11983 3,514.5 5,075.8 2,522.4 3,643.0 311.6 450.0 469.4 1,703 296 234.3 62.5 58.8 63.0 79.0 79.4 62.11984 3,902.4 5,435.1 2,810.0 3,913.6 369.0 513.9 552.0 1,750 295 236.3 68.1 64.6 71.5 83.2 81.3 64.81985 4,180.7 5,645.8 3,002.0 4,054.0 401.4 542.1 589.0 1,742 284 238.5 68.8 65.7 73.5 81.4 80.9 67.11986 4,422.2 5,844.8 3,187.6 4,213.1 429.9 568.2 573.1 1,805 244 240.7 69.5 67.1 76.6 84.8 78.5 68.31987 4,692.3 6,028.1 3,363.1 4,320.5 441.6 567.3 572.5 1,621 233 242.8 72.8 70.7 81.4 87.7 80.6 70.81988 5,049.6 6,275.9 3,640.8 4,525.0 455.6 566.2 603.6 1,488 218 245.0 76.3 74.3 86.4 91.3 83.8 73.71989 5,438.7 6,508.7 3,894.5 4,660.7 469.8 562.2 637.0 1,376 198 247.3 77.0 74.8 89.5 92.5 87.9 77.31990 5,743.8 6,615.0 4,166.8 4,798.8 468.5 539.6 641.7 1,193 188 249.9 77.6 75.2 86.3 92.4 91.1 81.51991 5,916.7 6,599.0 4,343.7 4,844.6 424.2 473.1 610.1 1,014 171 252.7 76.3 73.7 80.8 92.3 91.3 84.91992 6,244.4 6,799.2 4,613.7 5,023.6 452.1 492.3 630.6 1,200 211 255.4 78.3 76.3 81.6 94.5 91.8 87.41993 6,553.0 6,967.6 4,790.2 5,093.2 482.7 513.2 683.6 1,288 254 258.1 80.9 78.9 89.0 95.5 93.2 90.11994 6,935.7 7,223.9 5,021.7 5,230.4 519.5 541.1 744.6 1,457 304 260.7 85.2 83.7 90.5 99.7 94.4 92.41995 7,253.8 7,394.3 5,320.8 5,423.9 538.1 548.5 817.5 1,354 340 263.0 89.3 88.1 91.1 101.4 97.7 95.01996 7,575.9 7,575.9 5,588.5 5,588.5 583.6 583.6 899.4 1,475 363 265.5 93.2 92.2 88.9 98.0 100.1 97.81997 8,110.9 7,955.8 5,886.6 5,854.5 618.2 606.4 1,009.3 1,474 354 267.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.01998 8,511.0 8,247.1 6,027.8 6,168.6 655.4 635.1 1,135.9 1,617 373 270.3 105.6 106.5 99.1 101.0 97.5 101.6

1999r 9,274.3 8,858.8 6,639.2 6,328.4 765.9 731.6 1,228.4 1,641 349 273.2 110.1 111.8 102.7 102.2 98.4 103.8

2000 9,824.6 9,191.3 7,120.2 6,630.3 820.3 767.5 1,324.2 1,569 251 282.1 115.3 117.4 119.4 100.5 104.0 107.32001 10,082.2 9,214.2 7,393.2 6,748.0 842.5 770.0 1,255.1 1,603 193 284.8 111.2 112.6 113.2 95.3 105.2 110.32002 10,445.6 9,440.2 7,829.1 7,049.8 846.1 764.6 1,183.4 1,705 168 287.5 110.5 111.5 101.7 94.3 102.7 112.12003 11,142.1 10,069.7 8,159.9 7,374.5 915.7 827.6 1,301.6 1,848 131 291.1 110.9 112.2 101.0 92.3 108.2 114.62004 11,867.8 10,964.6 8,622.8 7,966.6 991.4 915.9 1,423.6 1,956 131 294.0 115.5 117.2 108.9 94.8 115.0 117.7

2005 12,638.4 11,272.9 9,031.3 8,055.5 1,104.1 984.8 1,544.6 2,068 147 296.7 120.5 123.3 108.6 92.7 123.4 121.72006 13,377.2 10,760.3 9,915.7 7,975.9 1,167.2 938.9 1,455.5 1,801 117 289.8 97.4 97.2 116.5 95.8 129.2 125.6

2007 14,028.7 10,989.1 10,423.6 8,165.1 1,152.4 902.7 1,550.0 1,355 96 301.7 100.0 100 107.0 100.0 135.5 129.22008 14,291.5 10,956.4 11,024.5 8,451.8 1,067.6 818.4 1,537.6 906 82 304.5 96.3 95 97.4 95.3 148.6 134.1

2009 13,939.0 10,559.4 10,788.8 8,173.0 903.2 684.2 1,263.2 554 50 307.2 85.5 82.2 88.8 85.2 135.5 133.7

2010 14,526.5 13,087.9 11,179.7 10,072.5 803.6 724.0 1,319.2 587 50 309.8 90.1 86.6 84.8 88.3 144.7 135.92011 15,094.0 13,315.0 11,556.2 10,194.2 789.8 696.7 1,433.4 609 52 312.0 93.7 90.5 84.8 87.7 157.5 140.1

aU.S. Council of Economic Advisors (42,43). eU.S. Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors (77, 78). bU.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (71). fU.S. Department of LabcU.S. Council of Economic Advisors (43); series (1965-1999) revised rReviseddU.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (59); National Association of Home Builders (28, 29);

 Manufactured Housing Institute (27).

Index of industrial production

Gross domestic

product a

Expenditures for

new constructionb incomea

Disposable personal
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

23

 New home

Number mortgage Floor Floor Floor

 of interest Total Total Number aread Number aread Number areadt

house- ratesb units startsc,f startsc Average startsc,f Average shipmentsc Average Million Million

holdsa Average Thousand Thousand Thousand square Thousand square Thousand square current 1996

Year Millions percent units units units feet units feet units feet dollars dollars

1965 57.4 5.81 1,727 1,510 965 1,498 545 1,053 217 650 11,442 52,009

1966 58.4 6.25 1,413 1,196 780 1,544 416 1,076 217 660 11,691 50,830

1967 59.2 6.46 1,562 1,322 845 1,585 477 1,094 240 670 11,687 49,312

1968 60.8 6.97 1,863 1,545 900 1,642 645 1,123 318 670 12,703 50,812

1969 62.2 7.81 1,913 1,500 811 1,616 689 1,095 413 684 13,535 50,504

1970 63.4 8.45 1,870 1,469 815 1,482 654 995 401 732 14,770 52,007

1971 64.8 7.74 2,582 2,085 1,153 1,520 932 1,011 497 780 16,299 53,792

1972 66.7 7.60 2,955 2,379 1,311 1,555 1,068 1,035 576 780 17,498 54,342

1973 68.3 7.96 2,625 2,058 1,133 1,660 925 1,031 567 882 18,512 52,891

1974 69.9 8.92 1,682 1,353 889 1,695 464 1,021 329 910 21,114 53,184

1975 71.1 9.00 1,384 1,171 896 1,645 275 1,000 213 952 25,239 58,154

1976 72.9 9.00 1,794 1,548 1,166 1,700 382 940 246 966 29,034 63,811

1977 74.1 9.02 2,279 2,002 1,451 1,720 551 938 277 1,000 31,280 63,707

1978 76.0 9.56 2,312 2,036 1,433 1,755 603 902 276 1,010 37,461 68,610

1979 77.3 10.78 2,037 1,760 1,194 1,760 566 938 277 1,050 42,231 69,118

1980 80.8 12.66 1,535 1,313 852 1,740 461 979 222 1,050 46,338 68,345

1981 82.4 14.70 1,341 1,100 705 1,720 395 980 241 1,015 46,351 63,582

1982 83.5 15.14 1,312 1,072 663 1,710 409 990 240 1,000 45,291 59,830

1983 83.9 12.57 2,009 1,713 1,068 1,725 645 942 296 1,035 49,295 63,936

1984 85.4 12.38 2,051 1,756 1,084 1,780 672 914 295 1,060 70,597 105,369

1985 86.8 11.55 2,029 1,745 1,072 1,785 673 922 284 1,080 82,127 120,245

1986 88.5 10.17 2,049 1,805 1,179 1,825 626 911 244 1,110 94,329 132,113

1987 89.5 9.31 1,854 1,621 1,146 1,905 475 980 233 1,140 98,413 131,744

1988 91.1 9.19 1,706 1,488 1,081 1,995 407 990 218 1,175 106,864 137,534

1989 92.8 10.13 1,574 1,376 1,003 2,035 373 1,000 198 1,195 108,054 133,730

1990 93.3 10.05 1,381 1,193 895 2,080 298 1,005 188 1,205 115,432 138,408

1991 94.3 9.32 1,185 1,014 840 2,075 174 1,020 171 1,225 107,692 128,052

1992 94.6 8.24 1,411 1,200 1,030 2,095 170 1,040 211 1,255 115,569 134,696

1993 95.3 7.20 1,542 1,288 1,126 2,095 162 1,065 254 1,295 121,899 135,443

1994 96.0 7.49 1,761 1,457 1,198 2,100 259 1,035 304 1,330 130,625 138,963

1995 97.3 7.87 1,694 1,354 1,076 2,095 278 1,080 340 1,355 124,971 127,391

1996 98.7 7.80 1,838 1,475 1,161 2,120 314 1,070 363 1,380 131,362 131,362

1997 99.9 7.71 1,828 1,474 1,134 2,150 340 1,095 354 1,420 133,577 129,812

1998 101.0 7.07 1,990 1,617 1,271 2,190 346 1,065 373 1,450 133,693 126,603

1999r 103.9 7.04 2,012 1,663 1,303 2,223 341 1,104 349 1,465 142,900 129,438

2000 104.7 7.52 1,824 1,573 1,231 2,266 342 1,114 251 1,505 152,975 132,561

2001 108.2 7.00 1,796 1,603 1,273 2,324 330 1,171 193 1,540 157,765 131,911

2002 109.3 6.43 1,874 1,706 1,359 2,320 347 1,166 168 1,595 173,324 141,374

2003 111.3 5.80 1,979 1,848 1,499 2,330 349 1,173 131 1,570 176,899 143,703

2004 112.0 5.77 2,087 1,956 1,611 2,349 345 1,243 131 1,625 198,557 171,170

2005 113.3 5.94 2,215 2,068 1,716 2,434 353 1,247 147 1,595 215,030 180,006

2006 114.4 6.63 1,918 1,801 1,465 2,469 336 1,277 117 1,605 228,208 184,575

2007 116.0 6.41 1,451 1,355 1,046 2,521 309 1,300 96 1,600 226,359 177,314

2008 116.8 6.05 988 906 622 2,519 284 1,291 82 1,565 Z Z

2009 117.2 5.14 604 554 445 2,367 109 1,167 50 1,530 Z Z

2010 117.5 4.80 637 587 471 2,386 116 1,177 50 1,515 z z

2011 118.7 4.56 661 609 431 2,504 178 1,133 52 z z z

a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (65, 64, 63). 

b

U.S. Council of Economic Advisors (42, 43).

c

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (58, 60, 70); U.S. Department of Commerce, 

 Bureau of Economic Analysis (73); National Association of Home Builders (28,29).

d

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service estimates based on data from the Manufactured Housing Institute; U.S. Department of Commerce, 

 Bureau of the Census, and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (59,60,74); Manufactured Housing Institute (27).

e

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (68). 

f

Data for privately owned housing starts from 1986 to present.

r

Revised

p

Preliminary

Z

data no longer available

New housing units

New housing starts

Table 2—Number of households and housing market indicators, 1965–2011

Expenditures

upkeep and

improvementse

One family Multifamily Mobile homes for residential
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

24

U.S. Index U.S. Index U.S. Index U.S. Index U.S. Index U.S. Index U.S. Index

Year dollars 1996=100 dollars 1996=100 dollars 1996=100 dollars 1996=100 dollars 1996=100 dollars 1996=100 dollars 1996=100

1972 3.33 31.9 4.25 36.1 3.29 31.1 3.37 35.5 3.95 26.9 3.08 30.3 3.82 29.9

1973 3.61 34.6 4.56 38.8 3.62 34.2 3.62 34.4 4.20 28.6 3.29 32.4 4.09 32.0

1974 3.89 37.3 4.91 41.8 3.88 36.6 3.91 37.2 4.53 30.9 3.53 34.8 4.42 34.6

1975 4.26 40.8 5.28 44.9 4.34 41.0 4.26 40.5 5.01 34.1 3.78 37.2 4.83 37.8

1976 4.72 45.2 6.03 51.3 4.86 45.9 4.67 44.4 5.47 37.3 4.34 42.8 5.68 44.4

1977 5.10 48.9 6.58 56.0 5.28 49.9 5.04 48.0 5.96 40.6 4.34 42.8 5.68 44.4

1978 5.60 53.6 7.25 61.6 5.83 55.1 5.55 52.8 6.52 44.4 4.68 46.1 6.17 48.3

1979 6.07 58.1 7.97 67.8 6.32 59.7 5.95 56.6 7.13 48.6 5.06 49.9 6.70 52.4

1980 6.55 62.7 8.64 73.5 6.70 63.3 6.41 61.0 7.84 53.4 5.49 54.1 7.27 56.9

1981 6.99 67.0 9.11 77.5 7.19 67.9 6.89 65.6 8.60 58.6 5.91 58.2 7.99 62.5

1982 7.43 71.2 9.79 83.2 7.73 73.0 7.33 69.7 9.32 63.5 6.31 62.2 8.49 66.4

1983 7.80 74.7 10.17 86.5 8.20 77.4 7.64 72.7 9.93 67.6 6.62 65.2 8.83 69.1

1984 8.03 76.9 10.70 91.0 8.42 79.5 7.81 74.3 10.41 70.9 6.84 67.4 9.19 71.9

1985 8.22 78.7 10.92 92.9 8.52 80.5 8.06 76.7 10.83 73.8 7.17 70.6 9.54 74.6

1986 8.34 79.9 10.82 92.0 8.58 81.0 8.23 78.3 11.18 76.2 7.46 73.5 9.73 76.1

1987 8.40 80.5 10.68 90.8 8.58 81.0 8.35 79.4 11.43 77.9 7.67 75.6 9.91 77.5

1988 8.61 82.5 10.78 91.7 8.75 82.6 8.55 81.4 11.69 79.6 7.94 78.2 10.18 79.7

1989 8.84 84.7 11.13 94.6 9.03 85.3 8.73 83.1 11.96 81.5 8.25 81.3 10.48 82.0

1990 9.08 87.0 11.22 95.4 9.22 87.1 9.04 86.0 12.31 83.9 8.52 83.9 10.83 84.7

1991 9.24 88.5 11.06 94.0 9.37 88.5 9.28 88.3 12.72 86.6 5.76 56.7 11.18 87.5

1992 9.44 90.4 11.17 95.0 9.59 90.6 9.48 90.2 13.07 89.0 9.01 88.8 11.46 89.7

1993 9.61 92.0 11.37 96.7 9.78 92.4 9.65 91.8 13.42 91.4 9.27 91.3 11.74 91.9

1994 9.84 94.3 11.44 97.3 10.05 94.9 9.89 94.1 13.77 93.8 9.55 94.1 12.06 94.4

1995 10.12 96.9 11.64 99.0 10.31 97.4 10.12 96.3 14.23 96.9 9.82 96.7 12.37 96.8

1996 10.44 100.0 11.76 100.0 10.59 100.0 10.51 100.0 14.68 100.0 10.15 100.0 12.78 100.0

1997 10.76 103.1 12.16 103.4 10.85 102.5 10.89 103.6 15.06 102.6 10.55 103.9 13.17 103.1

1998 11.10 106.3 12.48 106.1 11.12 105.0 11.25 107.0 15.51 105.7 10.90 107.4 13.49 105.6

1999 11.46 109.8 13.24 112.6 11.40 107.6 11.59 110.3 15.97 108.8 11.23 110.6 13.91 108.8

2000 11.94 114.4 13.70 116.5 11.90 112.4 12.08 114.9 16.25 110.7 11.74 115.7 14.37 112.4

2001 12.26 117.4 14.40 122.4 12.19 115.1 12.45 118.5 16.87 114.9 12.24 120.6 14.83 116.0

2002 12.50 119.7 14.76 125.5 12.42 117.3 12.60 119.9 17.50 119.2 12.61 124.2 15.29 119.6

2003 12.71 121.7 14.95 127.1 13.84 130.7 12.60 119.9 17.32 118.0 12.98 127.9 15.74 123.2

2004 13.03 124.8 15.03 127.8 14.05 132.7 13.20 125.6 17.90 121.9 13.16 129.7 16.14 126.3

2005 13.16 126.1 15.74 133.8 13.97 131.9 13.48 128.3 17.98 122.5 13.44 132.4 16.56 129.6

2006 13.40 128.4 16.06 136.6 13.98 132.0 13.62 129.6 18.01 122.7 13.79 135.9 16.80 131.5

2007 13.67 130.9 16.07 136.6 14.19 134.0 14.06 133.8 18.43 125.5 14.32 141.1 17.26 135.1

2008 14.20 136.0 16.64 141.5 14.51 137.0 15.04 143.1 18.88 128.6 14.54 143.3 17.44 136.5

2009 14.92 142.9 17.00 144.6 14.94 141.1 15.59 148.3 19.29 131.4 15.04 148.2 18.24 142.7

2010 14.85 142.2 18.85 160.3 14.88 140.5 15.57 148.1 20.04 136.5 15.06 148.4 18.61 145.6

2011 14.81 141.9 19.41 165.1 14.69 138.7 15.50 147.5 20.26 138.0 15.24 150.1 18.93 148.1

a

For production or nonsupervisory workers.

b

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (76, 78, 79).

c

Changed from SIC to NAICS in 2003.

and logging Sawmills and and structural

Table 3—Average hourly earningsa

 in timber-based industries and all manufacturing in the United States, 1972–2011b

Lumber and Logging camps Millwork, plywood, 

Manufacturing

Paper and allied Furniture and

except furniture contractors planing mills members products fixtures

wood products
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

25

Wood Lumber, Lumber

Sawmills Wood buildings Misc. plywood, and other Residential Special

and planning kitchen Wood and mobile wood and building building Operative trade

Year Logging mills, generalq Millwork cabinetsq containersq homesq productsq millwork materials construction buildersq contractors

1972 69.0 182.0 78.5 38.1 45.8 110.5 86.3 z 268.3 577.6 93.6 1,950.6

1973 75.9 185.9 83.3 41.9 47.5 115.0 91.1 z 286.1 594.2 101.8 2,086.71974 80.7 191.3 75.1 38.5 46.3 82.2 90.0 z 287.6 576.0 92.1 2,029.01975 73.5 169.6 67.6 31.5 38.9 63.1 78.1 z 267.9 479.9 68.3 1,778.81976 81.5 184.4 75.2 36.9 41.2 71.4 84.5 z 283.4 513.8 67.2 1,805.81977 84.2 189.3 80.8 44.2 42.0 82.1 87.0 z 302.1 578.1 75.4 1,982.71978 84.8 192.3 85.5 50.0 44.4 87.3 91.3 z 325.5 637.3 81.9 2,172.61979 88.5 196.4 84.5 54.1 46.9 83.4 92.7 z 337.5 625.1 83.3 2,292.61980 87.5 178.2 76.3 48.4 42.5 65.6 87.9 z 325.3 554.3 66.6 2,278.31981 82.1 168.4 74.8 47.0 41.2 66.7 87.5 z 315.1 508.1 59.7 2,228.61982 75.4 148.1 70.4 42.0 37.6 60.0 78.9 77.2 298.3 446.9 47.9 2,119.21983 82.9 160.3 81.1 48.7 37.8 69.3 81.2 83.1 320.9 492.9 54.8 2,173.61984 87.5 166.5 90.3 57.0 41.0 73.5 84.4 92.9 346.8 578.9 57.9 2,461.71985 84.4 160.2 95.0 60.4 40.9 72.0 83.3 97.2 363.2 622.6 58.4 2,652.21986 84.1 158.3 100.9 65.4 40.8 69.4 84.2 100.1 380.4 665.4 57.0 2,770.61987 85.4 163.7 109.0 70.8 41.9 69.0 87.4 106.5 412.8 692.3 53.5 2,901.41988 88.0 165.8 111.7 72.7 43.8 68.0 89.8 116.2 436.6 710.6 46.6 3,005.21989 86.9 163.2 109.6 73.6 44.7 64.4 87.3 119.4 441.0 680.9 41.9 3,072.11990 84.6 160.1 106.6 72.3 45.1 59.4 84.8 117.9 432.8 642.8 38.0 3,051.01991 78.7 148.0 97.9 64.6 44.0 54.1 80.2 109.7 417.1 553.7 30.7 2,783.31992 78.7 144.6 100.3 65.7 43.5 56.4 80.8 110.1 429.3 528.2 27.2 2,704.11993 81.1 145.2 103.3 68.8 45.9 64.2 83.8 113.1 450.6 560.8 27.2 2,835.61994 82.1 150.3 110.2 74.7 49.3 73.5 87.7 119.5 491.9 604.7 27.9 3,058.41995 82.5 148.0 111.4 76.0 51.2 81.4 87.8 123.5 512.6 608.8 26.6 3,201.11996 80.7 143.5 113.9 78.4 52.4 89.1 88.6 126.0 535.2 642.0 26.2 3,383.61997 82.2 144.6 117.4 81.4 54.5 93.4 89.1 130.0 562.6 672.5 26.6 3,582.31998 80.0 144.1 121.4 87.6 55.8 99.7 87.6 134.3 576.7 706.1 27.5 3,803.61999 79.0 141.7 124.8 95.6 56.8 102.9 85.4 142.2 612.3 767.3 29.9 4,084.22000 79.0 142.2 126.5 103.1 58.4 90.3 83.5 145.4 643.4 798.4 32.0 4,251.22001 73.5 134.1 123.2 103.6 56.2 76.9 79.5 137.8 680.5 753.4 33.0 4,300.52002 69.1 131.7 122.3 107.2 55.1 70.7 75.2 138.6 709.2 773.9 32.8 4,194.22003 69.4 117.1 150.3 153.5 59.2 44.2 96.9 114.1 537.6 837.9 28.9 4,255.72004 67.8 117.5 156.0 161.2 60.8 43.9 96.8 117.3 548.4 894.1 28.6 4,429.7

2005R 65.2 119.2 159.1 170.1 58.5 46.4 99.2 123.3 559.2 960.3 31.1 4,673.1

2006 64.4 117.8 159.4 176.6 59.6 48.4 103.7 120.1 558.8 1,008.8 32.8 4,901.12007 60.1 111.2 146.9 166.6 59.5 40.1 91.2 108.3 517.1 949.0 30.9 4,850.22008 57.0 103.6 128.1 145.4 57.4 33.9 79.4 90.2 457.7 816.1 28.0 4,555.82009 50.4 83.2 101.4 111.9 50.7 21.1 56.6 68.3 360.2 638.1 24.5 3,807.92010 49.7 82.3 92.6 99.7 50.8 19.1 52.6 63.9 342.1 571.8 21.4 3,463.4

2011 48.7 83.7 89.1 97.0 52.5 18.3 49.8 62.0 337.1 565.6 21.0 3,474.6

aU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (76, 77,78, 79).qChanges in topics cause data changes after 2003 when SIC changed to NAICS.zChange from SIC to NAICS causes change in data 2003 and after.rRevised.

Lumber producing

Lumber dependent

Table 4—Average employment in lumber producing and lumber dependent industries in the United States, in thousand people, 1972–2011a
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

26Table 5a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent)a

Industrial roundwood use

Other Fuelindustrial wood

products, producAll products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products production Logse Pulpwood chipd tion and

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- Im- Ex - Im- Ex - conYear tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc ports ports ports ports sumption

1965 12,276 13,325 11,230 1,610 554 12,287 6,233 829 148 6,914 1,070 69 3 1,137 3,176 701 213 3,665 560 11 191 z 7 1,038 6a

1966 12,578 13,598 11,520 1,679 641 12,558 6,222 826 182 6,867 1,118 82 4 1,196 3,392 755 232 3,915 565 15 223 z 17 1,040

1967 12,445 13,245 11,332 1,619 772 12,179 6,037 816 197 6,655 1,100 81 7 1,175 3,365 709 253 3,822 515 12 315 z 47 1,0661968 13,013 13,851 11,814 1,816 877 12,753 6,112 975 181 6,906 1,238 124 6 1,355 3,539 705 280 3,964 515 13 411 z 101 1,098

1969 13,208 14,106 11,963 1,945 901 13,006 5,965 1,001 182 6,784 1,153 138 16 1,276 3,861 792 320 4,334 600 13 383 z 146 1,1001970 14,378 15,163 12,963 2,019 1,084 13,898 6,511 1,089 221 7,379 1,197 133 12 1,318 4,165 773 413 4,525 652 23 438 z 150 1,2651971 13,656 14,744 12,300 2,105 894 13,511 6,182 1,201 184 7,199 1,378 166 8 1,535 3,773 725 336 4,162 602 13 366 z 123 1,2331972 13,994 15,162 12,567 2,394 1,070 13,892 6,339 1,492 232 7,598 1,512 206 18 1,700 3,698 690 317 4,071 517 6 502 z 157 1,2701973 14,213 15,209 12,795 2,416 1,204 14,007 6,490 1,516 327 7,679 1,496 165 34 1,628 3,775 729 305 4,200 495 5 538 z 216 1,2021974 13,909 14,662 12,352 2,169 1,175 13,346 6,114 1,228 314 7,028 1,287 107 45 1,349 4,100 822 393 4,529 428 12 423 z 240 1,3161975 12,774 13,233 11,317 1,747 1,090 11,974 5,884 1,036 285 6,635 1,277 125 64 1,338 3,345 572 314 3,602 385 14 427 z 198 1,2591976 13,580 14,263 12,102 2,121 1,193 13,031 6,026 1,298 295 7,029 1,466 154 59 1,562 3,715 655 319 4,052 375 13 520 z 245 1,2321977 14,218 15,382 12,529 2,513 1,089 13,954 6,461 1,692 268 7,885 1,551 148 26 1,674 3,641 648 304 3,985 385 25 491 z 261 1,4281978 15,012 16,448 12,930 2,843 1,183 14,591 6,586 1,925 304 8,207 1,587 167 25 1,729 3,817 735 309 4,244 395 15 545 z 225 1,8571979 15,730 16,828 13,221 2,758 1,380 14,599 6,516 1,808 366 7,958 1,541 137 32 1,646 4,136 792 359 4,569 405 21 623 z 280 2,2301980 14,997 15,640 12,073 2,390 1,469 12,995 5,623 1,524 407 6,739 1,265 81 30 1,316 4,249 765 510 4,504 415 20 522 z 278 2,6451981 14,494 15,312 11,456 2,345 1,306 12,495 5,158 1,497 397 6,258 1,275 99 53 1,321 4,193 734 451 4,475 425 16 405 z 220 2,8171982 15,034 15,865 11,316 2,317 1,309 12,324 5,133 1,478 332 6,279 1,220 122 35 1,307 4,015 698 428 4,285 435 19 513 z 178 3,5401983 16,420 17,703 12,866 2,872 1,432 14,306 6,121 1,902 384 7,638 1,483 179 44 1,618 4,257 766 444 4,578 445 26 560 z 156 3,3971984 17,116 18,767 13,346 3,144 1,349 15,141 6,491 2,080 350 8,220 1,493 161 28 1,627 4,347 880 412 4,815 455 24 559 z 145 3,6261985 16,957 18,840 13,358 3,404 1,376 15,386 6,404 2,275 317 8,362 1,485 194 25 1,654 4,390 918 419 4,889 465 16 615 z 144 3,4541986 18,253 19,942 14,569 3,379 1,538 16,409 7,105 2,196 394 8,907 1,598 199 45 1,751 4,806 972 514 5,263 475 13 585 z 151 3,5331987 18,377 19,992 15,290 3,528 1,755 17,063 7,611 2,263 510 9,364 1,639 240 57 1,823 4,887 1,012 530 5,368 495 13 657 z 158 2,9291988 18,633 19,588 15,514 3,279 2,106 16,687 7,667 2,045 704 9,009 1,598 201 72 1,728 4,971 1,021 563 5,430 510 11 767 z 218 2,9011989 18,461 19,454 15,611 3,376 2,382 16,604 7,541 2,225 655 9,112 1,454 114 97 1,471 5,038 1,022 607 5,453 555 6 753 z 271 2,8501990 18,359 19,097 15,459 3,044 2,306 16,197 7,317 1,905 589 8,633 1,423 97 109 1,410 5,194 1,038 645 5,587 562 4 674 z 288 2,9001991 18,701 19,146 15,065 2,864 2,419 15,510 7,039 1,810 646 8,203 1,267 83 95 1,255 5,275 969 745 5,498 551 2 602 z 332 3,6361992 17,917 18,630 15,067 3,056 2,343 15,780 6,982 1,955 561 8,376 1,294 100 106 1,288 5,369 992 800 5,560 546 7 524 2 351 2,8501993 17,200 18,481 14,756 3,423 2,142 16,037 6,894 2,238 533 8,599 1,293 100 100 1,293 5,266 1,065 723 5,608 517 15 460 5 326 2,4441994 17,192 18,688 14,991 3,636 2,140 16,487 7,085 2,409 514 8,979 1,320 94 86 1,328 5,403 1,102 757 5,748 401 18 429 14 354 2,2011995 17,415 19,060 15,265 3,929 2,284 16,910 6,857 2,545 462 8,939 1,303 107 89 1,321 5,890 1,245 904 6,231 387 13 451 19 377 2,1501996 17,031 18,698 15,107 3,935 2,269 16,774 6,975 2,664 454 9,185 1,281 97 87 1,291 5,671 1,144 890 5,924 342 18 422 12 416 1,9241997 17,068 18,834 15,368 4,063 2,297 17,134 7,210 2,675 457 9,428 1,213 114 103 1,224 5,808 1,250 929 6,128 330 20 384 4 424 1,700

1998r 16,896 19,222 15,264 4,284 1,957 17,590 7,222 2,791 354 9,658 1,201 131 55 1,277 5,807 1,353 818 6,314 305 30 316 7 414 1,632

1999 16,885 19,373 15,260 4,423 1,935 17,748 7,533 2,884 410 10,007 1,208 151 55 1,304 5,487 1,340 735 6,091 298 47 326 2 409 1,6252000 16,821 19,401 15,199 4,619 2,039 17,779 7,384 2,943 435 9,892 1,187 154 51 1,290 5,551 1,448 776 6,223 300 72 422 2 355 1,6222001 16,086 18,973 14,465 4,695 1,807 17,352 7,052 3,007 359 9,699 1,088 176 39 1,225 5,338 1,438 742 6,034 320 73 403 1 265 1,621

2002r 15,936 19,067 14,416 4,869 1,738 17,547 7,217 3,154 359 10,012 1,067 223 34 1,256 5,237 1,404 768 5,873 317 86 388 2 188 1,520

2003 15,589 19,106 14,074 5,052 1,535 17,591 7,110 3,193 347 9,956 1,052 240 35 1,257 5,084 1,536 643 5,977 318 80 356 4 155 1,5152004 16,237 20,351 14,697 5,717 1,602 18,811 7,563 3,704 348 10,919 1,082 354 43 1,393 5,200 1,580 678 6,103 318 73 366 5 168 1,5402005 16,300 20,463 14,750 5,782 1,618 18,913 7,680 3,744 362 11,063 1,068 373 37 1,403 5,172 1,544 708 6,008 318 113 345 9 166 1,5502006 15,911 19,616 14,356 5,312 1,607 18,061 7,505 3,415 390 10,530 989 339 35 1,293 5,052 1,460 693 5,820 320 94 339 4 151 1,5552007 15,165 17,785 13,560 4,345 1,726 16,180 6,921 2,743 359 9,305 898 264 40 1,122 4,860 1,269 771 5,358 325 67 350 3 205 1,6052008 13,059 14,467 11,549 3,187 1,779 12,957 5,395 1,894 345 6,945 745 184 45 884 4,548 1,068 818 4,798 290 35 313 5 257 1,5102009 11,878 12,670 10,478 2,453 1,661 11,270 4,576 1,347 288 5,636 616 146 34 728 4,474 923 821 4,575 294 28 322 9 196 1,4002010 12,060 12,792 10,660 2,523 1,791 11,392 4,569 1,422 234 5,757 655 161 55 760 4,501 900 860 4,541 294 32 407 9 235 1,4002011 12,494 12,905 11,094 2,469 2,058 11,505 4,950 1,403 387 5,966 653 163 52 764 4,478 864 899 4,442 294 30 485 9 235 1,400

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (22); U.S International Trade Commision(83); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.dPrior to 1989, pulpwood chips are not included in total production.ePrior to 2000, Pulpwood Logs are not included in Logs.zNot available.rRevised
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

27

Table 5b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (thousand cubic meters, roundwood equivalent) a

Industrial roundwood use

Other Fuelindustrial wood

products, produc-

 All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products production Logse Pulpwood chipd tion and

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- Im- Ex - Im- Ex - conYear tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc ports ports ports ports sumption

1965 347,613 377,313 318,010 45,577 15,688 347,920 176,489 23,473 4,185 195,777 30,305 1,941 74 32,194 89,947 19,855 6,018 103,784 15,858 308 5,413 z 209 29,393

1966 356,161 385,067 326,221 47,542 18,150 355,617 176,197 23,402 5,149 194,450 31,672 2,318 117 33,878 96,051 21,389 6,583 110,857 15,999 433 6,301 z 491 29,4501967 352,413 375,067 320,898 45,836 21,874 344,882 170,941 23,101 5,592 188,450 31,153 2,300 196 33,278 95,287 20,087 7,153 108,221 14,583 349 8,933 z 1,329 30,186

1968 368,480 392,210 334,537 51,437 24,844 361,118 173,064 27,605 5,118 195,551 35,044 3,498 161 38,368 100,213 19,977 7,933 112,257 14,583 358 11,632 z 2,850 31,0921969 374,021 399,445 338,743 55,065 25,522 368,297 168,918 28,336 5,150 192,105 32,646 3,916 453 36,119 109,334 22,441 9,063 122,712 16,990 371 10,855 z 4,129 31,1491970 407,151 429,369 367,073 57,160 30,700 393,548 184,380 30,829 6,250 208,959 33,884 3,778 349 37,328 117,931 21,899 11,686 128,144 18,463 654 12,415 z 4,257 35,8211971 386,711 417,517 348,312 59,594 25,320 382,603 175,057 34,001 5,208 203,850 39,010 4,692 238 43,479 106,831 20,520 9,506 117,845 17,047 380 10,367 z 3,484 34,9151972 396,276 429,332 355,869 67,780 30,290 393,369 179,490 42,236 6,565 215,162 42,805 5,831 519 48,125 104,705 19,536 8,977 115,264 14,640 178 14,229 z 4,444 35,9631973 402,482 430,656 362,316 68,406 34,104 396,619 183,771 42,938 9,273 217,436 42,371 4,678 949 46,101 106,910 20,639 8,635 118,913 14,017 152 15,247 z 6,128 34,0371974 393,850 415,179 349,779 61,425 33,282 377,914 173,140 34,767 8,894 199,013 36,442 3,039 1,281 38,193 116,108 23,272 11,138 128,242 12,120 347 11,969 z 6,806 37,2651975 361,710 374,728 320,465 49,480 30,863 339,077 166,608 29,345 8,069 187,884 36,163 3,551 1,812 37,897 94,712 16,197 8,903 102,006 10,902 387 12,080 z 5,594 35,6511976 384,533 403,872 342,698 60,065 33,791 368,986 170,639 36,768 8,364 199,042 41,515 4,369 1,681 44,217 105,204 18,559 9,026 114,738 10,619 370 14,721 z 6,949 34,8871977 402,613 435,574 354,796 71,162 30,843 395,134 182,953 47,914 7,581 223,287 43,933 4,194 748 47,398 103,103 18,354 8,610 112,847 10,902 700 13,904 z 7,377 40,4401978 425,104 465,751 366,145 80,507 33,495 413,161 186,505 54,521 8,616 232,410 44,926 4,729 694 48,965 108,088 20,818 8,743 120,163 11,185 439 15,442 z 6,369 52,5901979 445,438 476,523 374,381 78,090 39,093 413,386 184,521 51,187 10,366 225,343 43,630 3,873 903 46,607 117,110 22,428 10,172 129,365 11,468 602 17,652 z 7,920 63,1371980 424,671 442,903 341,877 67,679 41,590 367,993 159,213 43,162 11,536 190,839 35,815 2,285 847 37,257 120,327 21,654 14,436 127,567 11,752 578 14,770 z 7,884 74,9101981 410,415 433,630 324,400 66,410 37,003 353,858 146,058 42,386 11,242 177,202 36,094 2,793 1,492 37,403 118,734 20,772 12,790 126,760 12,035 458 11,479 z 6,243 79,7731982 425,727 449,324 320,447 65,618 37,060 349,080 145,341 41,863 9,405 177,799 34,554 3,464 989 37,013 113,703 19,761 12,134 121,419 12,318 530 14,531 z 5,035 100,2441983 464,956 501,675 364,328 81,339 40,561 405,474 173,314 53,846 10,888 216,272 42,007 5,067 1,233 45,828 120,543 21,679 12,577 130,025 12,601 747 15,863 z 4,426 96,2021984 484,669 532,052 377,906 89,034 38,209 429,383 183,798 58,887 9,905 232,779 42,287 4,559 797 46,070 123,106 24,923 11,677 136,985 12,884 665 15,830 z 4,094 102,6691985 480,160 534,688 378,260 96,377 38,955 436,869 181,337 64,425 8,968 236,793 42,040 5,500 701 46,839 124,309 26,003 11,878 139,621 13,167 450 17,408 z 4,081 97,8181986 516,862 566,820 412,543 95,678 43,565 466,776 201,204 62,180 11,156 252,227 45,242 5,626 1,282 49,585 136,088 27,517 14,568 151,157 13,451 356 16,558 z 4,275 100,0441987 520,383 568,796 432,957 99,901 49,695 485,853 215,532 64,072 14,451 265,153 46,423 6,802 1,605 51,620 138,372 28,653 15,026 154,689 14,017 374 18,613 z 4,483 82,9441988 527,626 557,585 439,323 92,840 59,640 475,450 217,114 57,908 19,922 255,100 45,262 5,703 2,042 48,923 140,772 28,921 15,944 156,676 14,442 309 21,733 z 6,167 82,1351989 522,759 554,016 442,056 95,586 67,486 473,313 213,540 63,005 18,534 258,011 41,164 3,242 2,755 41,650 142,648 28,952 17,208 157,549 15,716 178 21,316 z 7,672 80,7031990 519,863 544,085 437,744 86,198 65,326 461,966 207,204 53,945 16,689 244,460 40,292 2,733 3,093 39,933 147,086 29,391 18,297 161,530 15,914 105 19,083 z 8,165 82,1191991 529,553 545,608 426,592 81,104 68,516 442,648 199,322 51,250 18,286 232,286 35,885 2,344 2,681 35,548 149,360 27,437 21,126 159,138 15,603 62 17,035 z 9,387 102,9611992 507,356 531,690 426,652 86,541 66,384 450,987 197,700 55,366 15,888 237,178 36,653 2,832 3,001 36,485 152,026 28,081 22,695 161,590 15,472 197 14,852 64 9,949 80,7031993 487,065 527,752 417,858 96,924 60,689 458,545 195,211 63,361 15,085 243,487 36,628 2,827 2,837 36,618 149,108 30,160 20,499 163,221 14,643 425 13,028 150 9,240 69,2071994 486,830 534,083 424,505 102,965 60,616 471,757 200,618 68,203 14,552 254,268 37,378 2,657 2,436 37,599 152,983 31,215 21,457 167,645 11,355 500 12,155 390 10,015 62,3261995 493,146 545,043 432,265 111,259 64,698 484,162 194,168 72,065 13,094 253,139 36,883 3,035 2,515 37,403 166,800 35,261 25,634 181,763 10,959 364 12,773 534 10,682 60,8821996 482,261 536,153 427,779 111,439 64,252 481,671 197,505 75,443 12,845 260,103 36,275 2,752 2,458 36,570 160,587 32,383 25,222 174,452 9,684 521 11,938 341 11,789 54,4821997 483,326 541,625 435,187 115,042 65,058 493,486 204,169 75,744 12,950 266,964 34,357 3,234 2,930 34,660 164,461 35,385 26,322 181,839 9,345 578 10,862 101 11,994 48,1391998 478,435 556,578 432,221 122,058 55,901 510,365 204,493 79,022 10,036 273,478 33,999 3,700 1,553 36,147 164,423 38,313 23,642 191,078 8,637 839 8,958 186 11,711 46,2131999 478,136 560,904 432,121 125,248 55,199 514,899 213,317 81,653 11,602 283,368 34,199 4,277 1,563 36,914 155,362 37,940 21,230 184,791 8,438 1,333 9,232 45 11,572 46,0152000 488,536 561,956 442,605 130,796 58,161 516,025 209,082 83,340 12,320 280,101 33,604 4,357 1,438 36,523 157,197 40,998 22,417 188,792 8,495 2,036 11,950 65 10,036 45,9302001 467,989 550,183 422,116 132,948 51,578 504,281 199,680 85,153 10,176 274,657 30,819 4,973 1,093 34,698 151,145 40,714 21,433 183,786 9,049 2,078 11,411 29 7,466 45,902

2002r 451,248 539,912 408,206 137,882 49,219 496,870 204,352 89,323 10,156 283,519 30,222 6,310 972 35,560 148,310 39,768 21,758 166,320 8,989 2,431 11,000 51 5,351 43,042

2003 441,436 541,029 398,536 143,071 43,478 498,128 201,321 90,417 9,828 281,910 29,785 6,794 991 35,589 143,969 43,485 18,204 169,250 9,005 2,253 10,075 122 4,381 42,9002004 459,769 576,272 416,161 161,874 45,372 532,664 214,161 104,893 9,847 309,207 30,630 10,029 1,212 39,447 147,254 44,754 19,201 172,807 9,005 2,054 10,357 143 4,755 43,608

2005 461,554 579,463 417,663 163,739 45,830 535,572 217,487 106,027 10,242 313,272 30,233 10,560 1,058 39,735 146,461 43,714 20,053 170,122 9,005 3,189 9,771 250 4,705 43,8912006 450,556 555,462 406,523 150,420 45,514 511,429 212,524 96,692 11,044 298,173 27,996 9,609 983 36,622 143,064 41,345 19,610 164,799 9,061 2,652 9,591 122 4,286 44,0332007 429,432 503,611 383,983 123,042 48,863 458,162 195,988 77,661 10,169 263,480 25,433 7,475 1,141 31,767 137,632 35,921 21,825 151,727 9,203 1,892 9,914 93 5,813 45,4492008 369,792 409,661 327,034 90,244 50,375 366,902 152,776 53,639 9,764 196,650 21,103 5,204 1,284 25,023 128,784 30,254 23,168 135,870 8,212 996 8,873 152 7,285 42,7592009 336,341 358,782 296,698 69,474 47,033 319,138 129,592 38,155 8,160 159,586 17,454 4,135 964 20,626 126,683 26,130 23,252 129,561 8,311 804 9,120 250 5,537 39,6442010 341,500 362,227 301,856 71,439 50,712 322,583 129,393 40,254 9,643 163,011 18,544 4,547 1,566 21,525 127,444 25,488 24,345 128,586 8,311 901 11,513 250 6,651 39,6442011 353,790 365,431 314,146 69,911 58,270 325,785 140,161 39,737 10,946 169,952 18,505 4,609 1,479 21,635 126,790 24,464 25,465 125,789 8,311 850 13,728 250 6,651 39,644

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (22); U.S International Trade Commision(83); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.dPrior to 1989, pulpwood chips are not included in total production.ePrior to 2000, Pulpwood Logs are not included in Logs.zNot available.rRevised

a
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

28Table 6a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of softwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent)a Industrial roundwood use

Other Fuelindustrial wood

products, producAll products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products production Logse Pulpwood chipd tion and

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- Im- Ex - Im- Ex- conYear tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc ports ports ports ports sumption

1965 8,506 9,337 8,319 1,297 465 9,150 4,583 771 130 5,223 945 14 2 957 2,313 510 155 2,668 300 2 178 z z 187

1966 8,663 9,456 8,476 1,322 529 9,269 4,514 753 147 5,120 990 17 4 1,003 2,451 546 168 2,829 310 7 210 z z 1871967 8,624 9,267 8,432 1,296 653 9,075 4,408 756 163 5,002 981 16 6 991 2,458 518 184 2,791 285 5 300 z z 1921968 9,170 9,864 8,972 1,464 770 9,666 4,583 915 163 5,334 1,111 25 5 1,131 2,602 518 206 2,914 281 5 396 z z 1981969 9,181 9,933 8,983 1,535 783 9,735 4,437 923 164 5,195 1,035 29 15 1,049 2,812 577 233 3,155 330 7 371 z z 1981970 9,979 10,681 9,752 1,652 950 10,453 4,838 1,021 201 5,658 1,082 27 9 1,099 3,052 587 313 3,326 353 17 427 z z 2281971 9,621 10,573 9,405 1,710 759 10,357 4,702 1,138 149 5,691 1,253 33 7 1,278 2,760 530 245 3,045 334 9 357 z z 2161972 9,855 10,875 9,632 1,945 926 10,652 4,849 1,413 197 6,066 1,379 42 17 1,404 2,623 489 225 2,887 294 2 487 z z 2221973 9,942 10,845 9,731 1,957 1,053 10,635 4,947 1,421 293 6,075 1,374 34 31 1,377 2,603 501 210 2,894 287 1 520 z z 2111974 9,532 10,281 9,301 1,744 994 10,051 4,630 1,149 279 5,500 1,190 22 41 1,171 2,823 565 270 3,118 255 7 404 z z 2301975 9,064 9,552 8,844 1,438 950 9,331 4,602 992 250 5,344 1,198 25 59 1,164 2,393 409 225 2,577 235 11 416 z z 2201976 9,596 10,306 9,381 1,754 1,045 10,090 4,624 1,248 261 5,612 1,382 32 54 1,360 2,630 463 225 2,868 240 11 505 z z 2161977 9,899 11,094 9,709 2,141 946 10,904 4,966 1,632 233 6,365 1,460 31 22 1,469 2,566 456 214 2,808 240 22 477 z z 1901978 10,185 11,606 9,900 2,417 997 11,321 5,009 1,862 235 6,637 1,495 37 22 1,509 2,629 505 212 2,922 240 13 528 z z 2851979 10,506 11,672 10,096 2,348 1,182 11,262 4,877 1,742 296 6,322 1,452 29 30 1,451 2,920 558 253 3,225 245 19 603 z z 4101980 9,555 10,402 8,980 2,057 1,210 9,827 4,011 1,473 320 5,164 1,187 18 27 1,178 3,040 547 365 3,222 245 18 497 z z 5751981 9,190 10,129 8,600 1,996 1,056 9,539 3,839 1,446 310 4,976 1,200 21 49 1,172 2,935 514 317 3,133 245 14 380 z z 5901982 8,996 9,858 8,376 1,958 1,097 9,238 3,726 1,442 268 4,899 1,125 25 32 1,118 2,779 476 298 2,956 248 16 498 z z 6201983 10,097 11,330 9,502 2,405 1,172 10,735 4,577 1,856 298 6,135 1,379 39 41 1,377 2,754 488 291 2,950 249 23 542 z z 5951984 10,328 11,868 9,693 2,633 1,094 11,233 4,715 2,022 258 6,480 1,390 36 26 1,401 2,798 555 271 3,083 250 19 539 z z 6351985 10,292 11,990 9,687 2,830 1,132 11,385 4,713 2,212 246 6,678 1,392 46 22 1,415 2,730 561 267 3,024 256 11 597 z z 6051986 11,135 12,688 10,516 2,782 1,228 12,070 5,259 2,135 303 7,092 1,501 47 42 1,507 2,936 591 321 3,206 257 8 562 z z 6191987 11,653 13,124 11,140 2,879 1,408 12,611 5,629 2,174 381 7,422 1,537 62 53 1,546 3,063 632 341 3,354 277 11 633 z z 5131988 11,693 12,722 11,185 2,683 1,654 12,214 5,603 1,992 495 7,100 1,497 51 66 1,482 3,079 631 358 3,352 270 9 735 z z 5081989 11,600 12,575 11,058 2,828 1,853 12,033 5,423 2,164 504 7,083 1,357 30 90 1,296 3,112 628 386 3,353 294 3 719 3 154 5421990 11,401 12,169 10,850 2,537 1,769 11,618 5,154 1,865 439 6,580 1,328 26 101 1,253 3,257 644 417 3,484 298 2 639 0 174 5511991 11,263 11,907 10,572 2,405 1,761 11,216 5,078 1,773 482 6,370 1,178 23 83 1,118 3,310 608 483 3,435 292 1 556 0 157 6911992 10,892 11,834 10,350 2,545 1,602 11,292 4,979 1,910 389 6,500 1,209 29 91 1,147 3,288 599 509 3,378 260 6 489 1 125 5421993 10,300 11,710 9,835 2,840 1,430 11,246 4,752 2,183 350 6,585 1,205 29 88 1,146 3,104 611 443 3,272 225 14 422 4 127 4651994 10,454 12,092 10,036 3,018 1,380 11,673 4,916 2,344 321 6,940 1,219 27 75 1,172 3,162 622 460 3,325 213 15 387 9 138 4181995 10,330 12,119 9,978 3,224 1,435 11,767 4,645 2,483 278 6,850 1,195 31 77 1,149 3,392 686 539 3,539 205 9 408 14 132 3521996 10,236 12,122 9,921 3,262 1,376 11,807 4,791 2,599 264 7,126 1,176 30 75 1,130 3,270 613 534 3,350 181 13 381 7 122 3151997 10,325 12,270 10,047 3,307 1,362 11,991 4,994 2,596 244 7,346 1,105 35 92 1,048 3,295 661 548 3,408 175 13 332 1 146 2781998 10,315 12,662 10,005 3,468 1,120 12,352 4,995 2,695 170 7,520 1,089 43 46 1,085 3,347 702 493 3,557 162 24 263 5 149 3101999 10,315 12,763 10,006 3,541 1,093 12,454 5,272 2,766 204 7,834 1,092 53 46 1,099 3,071 680 430 3,321 158 41 266 1 146 3092000 10,306 12,809 9,998 3,673 1,170 12,501 5,180 2,805 209 7,776 1,063 58 43 1,078 3,136 746 459 3,424 159 62 330 1 129 3082001 9,916 12,637 9,608 3,763 1,042 12,329 4,981 2,895 147 7,729 939 73 31 982 2,987 731 437 3,281 272 64 307 1 121 308

2002r 9,942 12,826 9,653 3,895 1,011 12,537 5,161 3,026 146 8,040 947 95 27 1,016 2,885 699 447 3,137 269 75 279 0 112 289

2003 10,150 13,258 9,861 4,042 934 12,970 5,273 3,055 145 8,183 933 117 26 1,024 3,114 801 390 3,525 169 69 262 1 111 2882004 10,614 14,259 10,321 4,590 944 13,966 5,628 3,531 125 9,033 957 176 31 1,102 3,191 819 412 3,598 169 62 256 2 120 2932005 10,656 14,313 10,362 4,630 974 14,018 5,728 3,557 136 9,149 943 197 26 1,113 3,137 778 426 3,489 169 97 257 1 128 2952006 10,303 13,631 10,008 4,272 944 13,336 5,578 3,282 141 8,718 876 165 26 1,015 3,018 739 410 3,346 170 85 261 2 106 2962007 9,701 12,111 9,396 3,488 1,079 11,805 5,064 2,652 150 7,566 793 114 33 874 2,949 659 478 3,130 172 62 268 1 149 3052008 8,591 9,981 8,304 2,554 1,164 9,694 4,204 1,831 180 5,855 652 80 37 695 2,868 612 521 2,958 154 30 244 2 182 2872009 7,439 8,239 7,173 1,864 1,064 7,973 3,350 1,281 149 4,483 536 64 28 572 2,717 504 473 2,748 156 14 263 1 152 2662010 7,714 8,389 7,448 1,932 1,256 8,123 3,575 1,369 201 4,743 574 61 46 588 2,612 485 478 2,619 156 16 332 1 199 2662011 8,016 8,485 7,750 1,885 1,416 8,218 3,856 1,343 247 4,952 569 63 43 588 2,551 483 507 2,507 156 15 419 1 199 266

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (22); U.S International Trade Commision(83); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.dPrior to 1989, pulpwood chips are not included in total production.ePrior to 2000, Pulpwood Logs are not included in Logs.zNot available.rRevised
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

29

Table 6b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of softwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (thousand cubic meters, roundwood equivalent) a

Industrial roundwood use

Other Fuelindustrial wood

products, produc-

 All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products production Logse Pulpwood chipd tion and

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- Im- Ex - Im- Ex - conYear tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc ports ports ports ports sumption

1965 240,852 264,401 235,561 36,729 13,180 259,110 129,769 21,824 3,692 147,901 26,765 396 65 27,097 65,488 14,448 4,380 75,557 8,495 61 5,044 z z 5,291

1966 245,310 267,766 240,009 37,435 14,980 262,465 127,815 21,326 4,162 144,978 28,048 469 103 28,413 69,409 15,448 4,755 80,103 8,778 193 5,959 z z 5,3011967 244,210 262,402 238,777 36,694 18,502 256,969 124,829 21,410 4,605 141,634 27,784 465 181 28,068 69,601 14,665 5,223 79,043 8,070 154 8,493 z z 5,4331968 259,656 279,306 254,059 41,446 21,795 273,710 129,772 25,902 4,624 151,050 31,448 716 139 32,025 73,669 14,677 5,830 82,516 7,968 150 11,202 z z 5,5971969 259,988 281,283 254,381 43,462 22,167 275,676 125,632 26,133 4,657 147,109 29,304 808 422 29,691 79,618 16,331 6,597 89,353 9,335 189 10,492 z z 5,6071970 282,587 302,451 276,139 46,778 26,914 296,004 136,985 28,922 5,684 160,224 30,627 759 259 31,127 86,432 16,615 8,867 94,179 9,992 482 12,103 z z 6,4481971 272,441 299,393 266,327 48,436 21,484 293,278 133,148 32,237 4,222 161,163 35,470 943 212 36,201 78,161 15,003 6,951 86,213 9,448 252 10,100 z z 6,1151972 279,058 307,935 272,760 55,090 26,213 301,636 137,318 40,022 5,578 171,762 39,039 1,176 471 39,743 74,285 13,841 6,360 81,765 8,314 51 13,804 z z 6,2981973 281,514 307,104 275,553 55,420 29,830 301,143 140,075 40,231 8,286 172,020 38,917 950 873 38,994 73,697 14,200 5,940 81,957 8,133 39 14,731 z z 5,9611974 269,909 291,131 263,383 49,371 28,149 284,604 131,105 32,548 7,907 155,746 33,696 614 1,158 33,153 79,940 16,001 7,653 88,288 7,210 207 11,431 z z 6,5271975 256,670 270,483 250,426 40,714 26,900 264,240 130,302 28,102 7,082 151,321 33,926 722 1,678 32,970 67,764 11,580 6,360 72,984 6,654 310 11,779 z z 6,2441976 271,742 291,825 265,632 49,664 29,582 285,715 130,945 35,345 7,377 158,913 39,137 894 1,533 38,497 74,461 13,120 6,377 81,204 6,796 305 14,294 z z 6,1101977 280,305 314,155 274,925 60,630 26,781 308,774 140,612 46,219 6,594 180,237 41,356 869 632 41,593 72,662 12,911 6,057 79,516 6,796 632 13,498 z z 5,3801978 288,417 328,642 280,347 68,453 28,229 320,571 141,832 52,739 6,643 187,928 42,320 1,051 636 42,735 74,458 14,305 6,010 82,754 6,796 358 14,940 z z 8,0701979 297,507 330,524 285,897 66,493 33,476 318,914 138,091 49,332 8,393 179,030 41,110 819 843 41,086 82,690 15,807 7,172 91,325 6,938 536 17,068 z z 11,610

1980 270,580 294,563 254,298 58,244 34,261 278,281 113,592 41,716 9,070 146,237 33,606 517 773 33,350 86,080 15,495 10,335 91,240 6,938 517 14,083 z z 16,2821981 260,220 286,833 243,513 56,519 29,906 270,126 108,722 40,950 8,775 140,897 33,971 607 1,394 33,183 83,116 14,565 8,970 88,711 6,938 397 10,767 z z 16,7071982 254,749 279,136 237,192 55,443 31,056 261,580 105,496 40,822 7,585 138,733 31,864 707 910 31,661 78,702 13,466 8,451 83,717 7,021 448 14,109 z z 17,5571983 285,916 320,828 269,067 68,107 33,195 303,979 129,618 52,561 8,446 173,733 39,062 1,092 1,150 39,004 77,972 13,810 8,241 83,541 7,057 645 15,358 z z 16,8491984 292,467 336,053 274,486 74,555 30,969 318,072 133,526 57,270 7,310 183,485 39,371 1,030 730 39,670 79,242 15,726 7,666 87,302 7,086 529 15,262 z z 17,9811985 291,429 339,519 274,297 80,141 32,052 322,387 133,445 62,631 6,965 189,111 39,408 1,290 628 40,070 77,298 15,899 7,555 85,643 7,242 321 16,904 z z 17,1321986 315,299 359,295 297,778 78,776 34,780 341,773 148,923 60,469 8,576 200,816 42,513 1,330 1,176 42,667 83,152 16,742 9,103 90,791 7,263 236 15,926 z z 17,5221987 329,984 371,638 315,458 81,512 39,859 357,111 159,408 61,550 10,781 210,178 43,534 1,747 1,496 43,785 86,730 17,903 9,645 94,988 7,849 311 17,936 z z 14,5271988 331,101 360,238 316,716 75,982 46,845 345,853 158,666 56,404 14,026 201,044 42,399 1,445 1,869 41,975 87,187 17,879 10,139 94,927 7,654 253 20,810 z z 14,3851989 328,469 356,073 313,126 80,075 52,470 340,730 153,563 61,281 14,276 200,568 38,426 842 2,556 36,712 88,110 17,781 10,940 94,951 8,329 95 20,350 75 4,347 15,3431990 322,856 344,592 307,244 71,840 50,104 328,980 145,955 52,802 12,421 186,336 37,600 732 2,851 35,482 92,239 18,243 11,816 98,666 8,435 58 18,089 3 4,927 15,6121991 318,943 337,174 299,368 68,099 49,868 317,600 143,794 50,213 13,639 180,368 33,366 645 2,360 31,650 93,734 17,205 13,663 97,275 8,269 34 15,752 2 4,453 19,5741992 308,423 335,105 293,080 72,054 45,372 319,762 140,986 54,084 11,004 184,067 34,237 822 2,582 32,477 93,118 16,948 14,402 95,664 7,354 167 13,837 33 3,548 15,3431993 291,657 331,604 278,500 80,432 40,485 318,447 134,563 61,814 9,920 186,457 34,108 813 2,480 32,441 87,898 17,298 12,532 92,663 6,378 388 11,955 119 3,598 13,1571994 296,026 342,407 284,177 85,465 39,083 330,558 139,219 66,381 9,081 196,518 34,528 774 2,116 33,186 89,550 17,626 13,024 94,151 6,018 427 10,960 257 3,901 11,8491995 292,502 343,161 282,536 91,296 40,637 333,195 131,539 70,317 7,878 193,978 33,845 891 2,189 32,547 96,049 19,437 15,275 100,211 5,808 247 11,560 404 3,735 9,9661996 289,858 343,271 280,940 92,363 38,951 334,352 135,677 73,584 7,469 201,792 33,293 843 2,134 32,002 92,605 17,371 15,115 94,861 5,133 379 10,791 186 3,441 8,9191997 292,376 347,437 284,496 93,637 38,576 339,557 141,404 73,518 6,910 208,012 31,281 994 2,597 29,679 93,314 18,708 15,525 96,497 4,953 381 9,412 36 4,132 7,8801998 292,096 358,564 283,310 98,194 31,726 349,778 141,448 76,314 4,806 212,956 30,825 1,206 1,301 30,730 94,790 19,880 13,949 100,721 4,577 666 7,457 128 4,214 8,7861999 292,076 361,401 283,328 100,263 30,938 352,653 149,298 78,317 5,770 221,845 30,923 1,508 1,315 31,116 86,953 19,249 12,170 94,032 4,472 1,152 7,542 37 4,140 8,7482000 304,075 362,718 295,343 104,000 33,548 353,986 146,687 79,419 5,907 220,199 30,104 1,637 1,219 30,522 88,806 21,136 12,987 96,954 4,502 1,768 9,357 39 3,646 8,7322001 293,328 357,849 284,601 106,556 29,926 349,123 141,054 81,968 4,150 218,872 26,603 2,063 867 27,798 84,592 20,695 12,367 92,920 7,702 1,807 8,701 23 3,430 8,7272002 297,025 378,826 288,842 110,864 29,064 370,643 146,141 85,679 4,141 227,680 26,816 2,594 757 28,653 81,682 20,457 13,078 102,143 7,630 2,111 7,904 23 3,185 8,1832003 287,404 375,417 279,248 114,459 26,446 367,261 149,306 86,503 4,102 231,706 26,416 3,305 729 28,992 88,189 22,684 11,051 99,823 4,773 1,951 7,414 16 3,150 8,1562004 300,543 403,761 292,252 129,963 26,745 395,470 159,358 99,987 3,548 255,797 27,103 4,985 881 31,207 90,370 23,186 11,667 101,890 4,773 1,761 7,236 43 3,412 8,291

2005 301,758 405,296 293,414 131,106 27,568 396,952 162,196 100,723 3,858 259,061 26,702 5,572 748 31,527 88,834 22,018 12,053 98,798 4,773 2,760 7,279 32 3,630 8,3442006 291,756 386,000 283,384 120,968 26,724 377,628 157,944 92,928 3,992 246,879 24,802 4,671 742 28,732 85,453 20,917 11,608 94,763 4,803 2,399 7,386 53 2,996 8,3712007 274,706 342,934 266,066 98,772 30,544 334,294 143,411 75,090 4,249 214,252 22,445 3,240 930 24,756 83,510 18,651 13,543 88,619 4,878 1,756 7,589 34 4,233 8,6412008 243,269 282,633 235,140 72,332 32,967 274,504 119,049 51,857 5,104 165,801 18,466 2,258 1,045 19,679 81,214 17,319 14,759 83,774 4,352 847 6,901 52 5,158 8,129

2009 210,660 233,312 203,123 52,792 30,139 225,775 94,868 36,273 4,208 126,933 15,172 1,809 791 16,189 76,935 14,270 13,397 77,809 4,405 407 7,448 32 4,295 7,5372010 218,428 237,562 210,892 54,706 35,572 230,025 101,230 38,770 5,691 134,309 16,257 1,721 1,316 16,663 73,959 13,735 13,526 74,169 4,405 446 9,393 32 5,647 7,5372011 226,995 240,257 219,458 53,369 40,106 232,720 109,181 38,041 6,995 140,228 16,104 1,782 1,231 16,655 72,244 13,102 14,357 70,988 4,405 411 11,877 33 5,647 7,537

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (22); U.S International Trade Commision(83); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.dPrior to 1989, pulpwood chips are not included in total production.ePrior to 2000, Pulpwood Logs are not included in Logs.zNot available.

a
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

30Table 7a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of hardwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (million cubic feet, roundwood equivaa Industrial roundwood use

Other Fuelindustrial wood

products, produc-

 All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products production Logse Pulpwood chipd tion and

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- Im- Ex - Im- Ex - conYear tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc ports ports ports ports sumption

1965 3,763 3,987 2,912 312 89 3,136 1,650 58 17 1,691 125 55 0 180 864 191 58 997 260 9 13 z z 851

1966 3,897 4,142 3,045 357 112 3,290 1,709 73 35 1,747 128 65 0 193 941 210 65 1,086 255 8 12 z z 8531967 3,774 3,979 2,900 323 119 3,105 1,628 60 35 1,653 119 65 1 184 907 191 68 1,030 230 7 16 z z 8741968 3,742 3,987 2,842 353 108 3,087 1,529 60 17 1,572 127 98 1 224 937 187 74 1,050 234 7 15 z z 9001969 3,881 4,173 2,979 410 118 3,271 1,529 78 17 1,589 118 110 1 227 1,049 216 87 1,178 270 6 13 z z 9021970 4,249 4,482 3,211 367 134 3,445 1,674 67 20 1,721 115 107 3 219 1,112 187 100 1,199 299 6 11 z z 1,037

1971 3,912 4,172 2,895 394 135 3,154 1,480 62 35 1,507 125 132 1 257 1,012 195 90 1,117 268 5 9 z z 1,0171972 3,983 4,287 2,935 448 144 3,240 1,489 78 35 1,533 133 164 2 296 1,074 201 92 1,183 223 4 15 z z 1,0481973 4,055 4,363 3,064 459 151 3,372 1,543 96 35 1,604 122 132 3 251 1,173 227 95 1,305 208 4 18 z z 991

1974 4,137 4,381 3,051 426 181 3,295 1,484 78 35 1,528 97 86 4 178 1,277 257 123 1,411 173 5 19 z z 1,086

1975 3,512 3,682 2,473 310 140 2,643 1,282 44 35 1,291 79 100 5 174 952 163 90 1,025 150 3 11 z z 1,0391976 3,738 3,957 2,722 367 148 2,941 1,402 50 35 1,417 84 123 5 202 1,086 192 93 1,184 135 2 15 z z 1,0161977 4,059 4,288 2,821 372 143 3,050 1,495 60 35 1,520 91 117 4 205 1,075 192 90 1,177 145 2 14 z z 1,2381978 4,602 4,842 3,030 426 186 3,270 1,578 63 70 1,571 92 130 2 220 1,188 230 96 1,321 155 3 18 z z 1,5721979 4,944 5,156 3,125 410 198 3,336 1,640 66 70 1,636 89 108 2 195 1,216 234 106 1,344 160 2 21 z z 1,8201980 5,163 5,238 3,093 333 259 3,168 1,611 51 87 1,575 78 62 3 138 1,209 218 145 1,282 170 2 24 z z 2,0701981 5,084 5,183 2,856 349 250 2,956 1,319 51 87 1,282 75 77 3 149 1,258 219 135 1,342 180 2 25 z z 2,2271982 5,860 6,007 2,940 359 212 3,087 1,407 37 64 1,380 95 97 3 189 1,236 222 130 1,328 187 3 15 z z 2,9201983 6,166 6,373 3,364 467 260 3,571 1,543 45 86 1,502 104 140 3 241 1,503 278 153 1,628 196 4 18 z z 2,8021984 6,643 6,899 3,652 511 256 3,909 1,775 57 92 1,741 103 125 2 226 1,549 325 141 1,732 205 5 20 z z 2,9911985 6,521 6,851 3,671 573 244 4,001 1,691 63 71 1,684 93 149 3 239 1,660 357 153 1,864 209 5 18 z z 2,8491986 6,967 7,254 4,053 597 310 4,340 1,846 60 91 1,816 96 152 4 244 1,869 381 193 2,057 219 4 22 z z 2,9141987 6,566 6,868 4,149 649 347 4,452 1,982 89 130 1,941 102 179 4 277 1,824 380 190 2,014 218 2 24 z z 2,4161988 6,722 6,866 4,330 595 451 4,474 2,064 53 208 1,909 101 150 6 245 1,892 390 205 2,078 240 2 33 z z 2,3931989 6,861 6,880 4,553 548 529 4,571 2,118 61 150 2,029 97 85 7 174 1,926 395 221 2,100 261 3 34 5 117 2,3081990 6,957 6,928 4,609 507 537 4,579 2,163 40 151 2,053 95 71 9 157 1,937 394 228 2,103 264 2 35 1 114 2,3491991 7,438 7,239 4,493 459 658 4,295 1,961 37 164 1,833 89 60 11 138 1,964 361 263 2,063 259 1 45 0 174 2,9451992 7,025 6,796 4,717 512 741 4,488 2,003 45 172 1,876 85 71 15 142 2,080 393 292 2,182 287 1 36 1 226 2,3081993 6,901 6,770 4,921 582 713 4,791 2,142 55 182 2,014 89 71 13 148 2,162 454 281 2,335 292 1 38 1 199 1,9791994 6,738 6,597 4,956 618 760 4,814 2,168 64 193 2,039 101 67 11 156 2,240 480 297 2,423 188 3 42 5 216 1,7831995 7,086 6,942 5,288 705 849 5,144 2,212 62 184 2,089 107 76 12 172 2,499 559 365 2,692 182 4 43 5 245 1,7981996 6,795 6,575 5,186 674 893 4,966 2,183 66 190 2,059 105 67 11 161 2,401 530 357 2,574 161 5 41 5 295 1,6091997 6,743 6,564 5,322 756 935 5,143 2,217 79 213 2,082 109 79 12 176 2,512 589 381 2,721 155 7 51 2 278 1,422

1998r 6,580 6,559 5,259 816 837 5,238 2,226 96 185 2,137 112 88 9 191 2,459 624 326 2,757 143 6 53 2 265 1,322

1999 6,571 6,611 5,255 882 842 5,295 2,261 118 206 2,173 116 98 9 205 2,416 660 305 2,771 140 6 60 0 262 1,3162000 6,514 6,592 5,201 946 869 5,278 2,203 138 226 2,115 124 96 8 212 2,415 701 317 2,799 141 9 92 1 226 1,3142001 6,169 6,336 4,857 932 765 5,023 2,070 112 213 1,970 149 103 8 244 2,350 707 305 2,752 48 10 96 0 144 1,313

2002r 5,993 6,240 4,762 974 727 5,009 2,056 129 212 1,972 120 127 8 240 2,353 705 321 2,737 48 11 109 2 76 1,231

2003 5,440 5,848 4,213 1,010 601 4,622 1,837 138 202 1,773 119 123 9 233 1,970 735 253 2,452 149 11 94 4 43 1,2272004 5,623 6,092 4,376 1,127 658 4,845 1,935 173 222 1,886 125 178 12 291 2,009 762 266 2,504 149 10 110 4 47 1,2472005 5,643 6,151 4,388 1,152 645 4,895 1,953 187 225 1,914 125 176 11 290 2,035 766 283 2,519 149 15 88 8 38 1,2552006 5,608 5,984 4,349 1,040 664 4,725 1,927 133 249 1,811 113 174 9 279 2,034 721 283 2,473 150 9 78 2 46 1,2592007 5,464 5,674 4,164 857 647 4,374 1,857 91 209 1,738 106 150 7 248 1,911 610 292 2,229 153 5 82 2 56 1,3002008 4,468 4,486 3,245 633 615 3,263 1,191 63 165 1,089 93 104 8 189 1,680 457 297 1,840 136 5 70 4 75 1,2232009 4,438 4,467 3,305 589 561 3,333 1,226 66 140 1,153 81 82 6 157 1,757 419 312 1,864 138 14 59 8 44 1,1342010 4,346 4,323 3,212 591 614 3,189 995 52 140 907 81 100 9 172 1,889 415 355 1,949 138 16 75 8 35 1,1342011 4,478 4,420 3,344 584 641 3,287 1,094 60 140 1,014 85 100 8 177 1,926 401 392 1,935 138 16 65 8 35 1,134

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (22); U.S International Trade Commision(83); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.dPrior to 1989, pulpwood chips are not included in total production.ePrior to 2000, Pulpwood Logs are not included in Logs.zNot available.rRevised

a
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

31

Table 7b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of hardwood timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 (thousand cubic meters, roundwood equivalent) a

Industrial roundwood use

Other Fuelindustrial wood

products, produc-

 All products Total Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products production Logse Pulpwood chipd tion and

Produc- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- Produc- Im- Ex- Consump- and con- Im- Ex - Im- Ex - conYear tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion portsb portsb tion sumptionc ports ports ports ports sumption

1965 106,552 112,912 82,449 8,848 2,510 88,810 46,720 1,649 493 47,876 3,540 1,544 10 5,097 24,458 5,407 1,638 28,227 7,362 0 369 z z 24,102

1966 110,360 117,301 86,212 10,106 3,171 93,152 48,383 2,076 987 49,472 3,625 1,849 14 5,465 26,642 5,941 1,828 30,754 7,221 241 342 z z 24,1491967 106,874 112,665 82,121 9,142 3,372 87,913 46,113 1,691 987 46,817 3,370 1,835 15 5,210 25,687 5,421 1,930 29,178 6,513 195 439 z z 24,7521968 105,974 112,904 80,478 9,991 3,049 87,408 43,292 1,702 493 44,501 3,596 2,782 23 6,343 26,545 5,299 2,103 29,741 6,615 208 430 z z 25,4951969 109,904 118,162 84,362 11,603 3,355 92,620 43,286 2,203 493 44,996 3,341 3,108 32 6,428 29,716 6,110 2,467 33,359 7,655 182 363 z z 25,5421970 120,307 126,918 90,934 10,382 3,787 97,545 47,395 1,907 566 48,735 3,256 3,019 90 6,201 31,499 5,284 2,819 33,965 8,471 172 312 z z 29,3731971 110,785 118,125 81,985 11,159 3,834 89,325 41,909 1,765 987 42,687 3,540 3,749 26 7,277 28,671 5,517 2,554 31,633 7,599 128 267 z z 28,8001972 112,774 121,397 83,110 12,690 4,076 91,733 42,172 2,214 987 43,399 3,766 4,655 48 8,382 30,420 5,695 2,616 33,499 6,326 127 425 z z 29,6641973 114,839 123,552 86,763 12,986 4,274 95,477 43,696 2,707 987 45,416 3,455 3,727 76 7,108 33,213 6,438 2,695 36,956 5,884 113 516 z z 28,0761974 117,135 124,049 86,396 12,054 5,132 93,310 42,035 2,218 987 43,267 2,747 2,425 123 5,040 36,168 7,271 3,485 39,953 4,909 140 538 z z 30,7391975 99,447 104,244 70,039 8,766 3,963 74,837 36,307 1,243 987 36,563 2,237 2,829 134 4,927 26,948 4,617 2,543 29,022 4,248 77 300 z z 29,4071976 105,842 112,047 77,066 10,401 4,210 83,271 39,694 1,422 987 40,129 2,379 3,475 147 5,720 30,743 5,439 2,648 33,534 3,823 64 427 z z 28,7771977 114,931 121,419 79,871 10,532 4,062 86,360 42,341 1,696 987 43,050 2,577 3,325 116 5,805 30,441 5,443 2,553 33,331 4,106 68 406 z z 35,0601978 130,318 137,110 85,798 12,054 5,266 92,590 44,672 1,783 1,973 44,482 2,605 3,678 58 6,230 33,630 6,512 2,733 37,409 4,389 81 502 z z 44,5201979 140,012 145,999 88,485 11,597 5,617 94,473 46,431 1,856 1,973 46,313 2,520 3,054 60 5,522 34,420 6,621 3,000 38,041 4,531 66 583 z z 51,5271980 146,207 148,317 87,579 9,435 7,329 89,690 45,622 1,446 2,467 44,601 2,209 1,768 74 3,908 34,247 6,160 4,101 36,306 4,814 61 688 z z 58,6281981 143,952 146,754 80,887 9,891 7,096 83,688 37,336 1,436 2,467 36,306 2,124 2,187 98 4,219 35,618 6,207 3,820 38,005 5,097 61 712 z z 63,0661982 165,942 170,097 83,255 10,175 6,004 87,410 39,845 1,041 1,820 39,066 2,690 2,757 79 5,352 35,001 6,294 3,683 37,613 5,297 83 422 z z 82,6871983 174,614 180,467 95,261 13,232 7,366 101,114 43,696 1,285 2,442 42,539 2,945 3,975 83 6,824 42,570 7,869 4,335 46,104 5,544 102 505 z z 79,3531984 188,108 195,367 103,420 14,479 7,241 110,679 50,273 1,617 2,595 49,294 2,917 3,530 67 6,400 43,865 9,197 4,010 49,051 5,798 136 569 z z 84,6881985 184,649 193,982 103,963 16,236 6,903 113,295 47,892 1,794 2,003 47,682 2,631 4,210 73 6,768 47,011 10,103 4,324 52,791 5,925 129 504 z z 80,6871986 197,288 205,405 114,765 16,902 8,785 122,883 52,281 1,711 2,580 51,412 2,729 4,296 107 6,918 52,936 10,775 5,465 58,246 6,187 120 633 z z 82,5221987 185,916 194,469 117,499 18,389 9,836 126,052 56,124 2,521 3,670 54,975 2,889 5,055 109 7,835 51,642 10,750 5,381 57,012 6,167 63 676 z z 68,4171988 190,357 194,419 122,607 16,858 12,795 126,669 58,448 1,504 5,895 54,057 2,863 4,257 173 6,948 53,585 11,041 5,805 58,822 6,788 55 923 z z 67,7501989 194,291 194,786 128,930 15,511 15,016 129,426 59,976 1,724 4,257 57,443 2,738 2,400 199 4,939 54,539 11,171 6,268 59,442 7,386 83 966 133 3,325 65,3601990 197,007 196,143 130,500 14,358 15,223 129,636 61,249 1,143 4,267 58,125 2,692 2,000 242 4,451 54,847 11,148 6,481 59,514 7,480 46 994 21 3,238 66,5071991 210,610 204,967 127,224 13,004 18,648 121,581 55,528 1,037 4,647 51,918 2,519 1,699 320 3,898 55,626 10,232 7,463 58,396 7,333 27 1,283 9 4,934 83,3861992 198,932 192,407 133,572 14,486 21,012 127,046 56,714 1,282 4,884 53,112 2,416 2,010 419 4,008 58,908 11,133 8,293 61,748 8,118 30 1,015 31 6,401 65,3601993 195,408 191,696 139,359 16,492 20,204 135,646 60,648 1,546 5,165 57,030 2,520 2,014 357 4,177 61,210 12,863 7,967 66,106 8,265 37 1,074 31 5,642 56,0491994 190,805 186,772 140,328 17,500 21,533 136,295 61,399 1,822 5,471 57,749 2,850 1,883 320 4,413 63,433 13,589 8,433 68,590 5,337 73 1,195 134 6,114 50,4771995 200,644 196,546 149,729 19,963 24,061 145,631 62,629 1,748 5,216 59,161 3,038 2,145 326 4,856 70,751 15,824 10,359 76,217 5,151 117 1,213 129 6,946 50,9151996 192,403 186,177 146,839 19,077 25,302 140,614 61,828 1,859 5,376 58,311 2,982 1,909 324 4,568 67,982 15,012 10,107 72,887 4,552 142 1,147 155 8,348 45,5631997 190,949 185,872 150,691 21,405 26,482 145,614 62,765 2,226 6,040 58,951 3,075 2,239 334 4,981 71,146 16,677 10,796 77,027 4,392 197 1,449 66 7,862 40,259

1998r 186,339 185,832 148,911 23,204 23,711 148,405 63,045 2,707 5,230 60,522 3,174 2,495 252 5,417 69,634 17,670 9,230 78,174 4,059 174 1,502 58 7,497 37,427

1999 186,060 187,286 148,793 24,985 23,856 150,019 64,019 3,336 5,831 61,524 3,276 2,774 247 5,798 68,409 18,691 8,656 78,542 3,966 181 1,690 8 7,432 37,2672000 184,460 186,725 147,262 26,796 24,614 149,527 62,395 3,920 6,413 59,902 3,500 2,720 219 6,001 68,391 19,862 8,998 79,338 3,993 268 2,593 26 6,389 37,1982001 174,661 179,537 137,486 26,392 21,653 142,362 58,626 3,185 6,026 55,785 4,216 2,910 226 6,900 66,553 20,020 8,655 78,054 1,346 271 2,710 6 4,035 37,175

2002r 169,709 176,597 134,850 27,585 20,590 141,846 58,211 3,643 6,015 55,839 3,394 3,610 215 6,789 66,627 19,969 8,546 77,686 1,359 320 3,096 43 2,166 34,859

2003 154,032 165,612 119,288 28,611 17,032 130,868 52,015 3,915 5,726 50,204 3,369 3,489 262 6,597 55,780 20,800 7,153 69,427 4,232 302 2,662 105 1,230 34,7442004 159,227 172,511 123,909 31,912 18,627 137,194 54,802 4,907 6,298 53,411 3,527 5,043 331 8,240 56,884 21,568 7,534 70,917 4,232 293 3,120 100 1,343 35,3182005 159,796 174,167 124,249 32,633 18,262 138,620 55,291 5,304 6,384 54,211 3,531 4,988 311 8,208 57,627 21,696 8,000 71,323 4,232 428 2,493 217 1,075 35,5472006 158,800 169,462 123,138 29,451 18,789 133,801 54,580 3,764 7,051 51,293 3,194 4,937 241 7,890 57,610 20,428 8,002 70,037 4,259 252 2,205 69 1,290 35,6622007 154,726 160,676 117,917 24,270 18,319 123,868 52,577 2,570 5,920 49,228 2,988 4,235 211 7,011 54,121 17,270 8,282 63,109 4,325 136 2,325 59 1,581 36,8082008 126,523 127,028 91,894 17,912 17,408 92,398 33,727 1,782 4,660 30,849 2,637 2,946 239 5,344 47,570 12,935 8,409 52,096 3,860 149 1,972 100 2,128 34,6302009 125,681 126,491 93,575 16,682 15,873 94,384 34,724 1,881 3,952 32,654 2,283 2,326 172 4,437 49,748 11,860 8,835 52,773 3,906 397 1,672 217 1,242 32,1072010 123,071 122,412 90,964 16,733 17,392 90,305 28,163 1,483 3,952 25,694 2,286 2,826 251 4,862 53,484 11,752 10,053 55,184 3,906 455 2,121 217 1,004 32,1072011 126,795 125,174 94,688 16,542 18,163 93,667 30,980 1,696 3,952 28,724 2,401 2,827 227 5,002 54,546 11,362 11,108 54,801 3,906 439 1,851 217 1,004 32,107

aU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (22); U.S International Trade Commision(83); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data have been revised.bIncludes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board.cIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.dPrior to 1989, pulpwood chips are not included in total production.ePrior to 2000, Pulpwood Logs are not included in Logs.zNot Available.rRevised
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

32Table 8a—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products (excludes additives and fillers) in tons, by major product, 1965–2011 (million tons,a air-dry weight of wood)b

Other Fuelindustrial wood

products, producPro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- production tion and

duc- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- and con- Im- Ex- Im- Ex- consumpYear tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tiong tionk portsl portsm tion tion portsh portsi tion sumptionj ports ports ports ports tion 

1965 122.6 131.7 104.4 16.1 7.0 113.5 46.5 5.3 0.9 50.8 6.8 0.7 0.0 7.5 2.9 0.2 0.0 3.2 36.6 9.7 2.9 43.3 8.5 0.2 3.0 z 0.1 18.2

1966 126.8 135.7 108.6 17.2 8.3 117.5 46.6 5.4 1.2 50.7 7.1 0.8 0.0 7.9 3.2 0.2 0.0 3.3 39.4 10.5 3.2 46.7 8.6 0.2 3.4 z 0.3 18.21967 126.5 132.4 107.8 16.4 10.5 113.7 45.1 5.2 1.3 49.0 7.0 0.8 0.1 7.8 3.4 0.2 0.0 3.5 39.0 10.0 3.6 45.4 7.8 0.2 4.9 z 0.7 18.71968 135.4 140.4 116.2 18.1 13.1 121.2 45.2 6.2 1.1 50.3 7.8 1.2 0.0 9.0 4.0 0.3 0.0 4.3 43.4 10.2 4.0 49.5 7.8 0.2 6.4 z 1.5 19.21969 138.3 143.8 119.1 19.4 13.9 124.6 44.2 6.5 1.1 49.5 7.3 1.4 0.1 8.6 4.6 0.3 0.0 4.9 45.6 11.1 4.5 52.2 9.1 0.2 5.9 z 2.2 19.31970 141.3 143.3 119.2 18.5 16.5 121.1 42.7 6.2 1.2 47.7 7.6 1.3 0.1 8.8 4.6 0.2 0.0 4.8 44.8 10.4 5.5 49.6 9.9 0.4 6.8 z 2.8 22.11971 144.8 151.0 123.2 20.3 14.1 129.4 45.5 7.6 1.2 51.9 8.7 1.7 0.1 10.3 5.9 0.3 0.1 6.1 46.1 10.4 4.8 51.7 9.2 0.2 5.7 z 2.3 21.61972 152.9 158.6 130.7 23.1 17.4 136.4 46.5 9.5 1.5 54.5 9.5 2.1 0.1 11.4 7.0 0.5 0.1 7.4 49.1 11.0 5.0 55.1 7.9 0.1 7.8 z 2.9 22.21973 156.4 160.4 135.4 23.8 19.7 139.4 47.7 9.7 2.1 55.3 9.4 1.7 0.2 10.8 7.6 0.5 0.1 8.0 50.9 11.9 5.0 57.8 7.5 0.1 8.3 z 4.0 21.01974 149.0 151.0 126.0 21.2 19.2 128.0 43.1 7.4 1.9 48.6 8.0 1.1 0.3 8.8 6.8 0.3 0.1 7.0 50.5 12.3 5.9 56.9 6.5 0.2 6.6 z 4.4 23.01975 136.4 135.5 114.4 16.6 17.5 113.5 40.1 6.0 1.7 44.4 7.9 1.3 0.5 8.7 6.0 0.1 0.1 6.0 44.2 9.0 5.0 48.3 5.9 0.2 6.6 z 3.7 22.01976 150.3 150.9 128.7 20.8 20.2 129.3 44.3 8.2 1.9 50.6 9.0 1.6 0.4 10.1 7.4 0.2 0.1 7.5 49.7 10.6 5.2 55.1 5.7 0.2 8.1 z 4.5 21.61977 159.6 163.9 134.6 23.9 19.6 138.9 47.3 10.7 1.7 56.3 9.5 1.5 0.2 10.8 8.4 0.3 0.1 8.6 51.2 11.1 5.2 57.1 5.9 0.4 7.6 z 4.8 25.01978 170.3 177.1 137.8 26.8 20.1 144.6 48.4 12.2 2.0 58.5 9.8 1.7 0.2 11.2 8.7 0.4 0.1 9.1 52.3 12.3 5.2 59.5 6.0 0.2 8.5 z 4.2 32.51979 179.5 182.5 140.4 26.4 23.4 143.5 48.4 11.5 2.4 57.5 9.6 1.4 0.2 10.7 8.2 0.4 0.1 8.5 53.3 12.8 5.8 60.3 6.2 0.3 9.7 z 5.2 39.01980 177.5 176.5 131.2 23.3 24.4 130.2 42.9 9.8 2.8 49.9 8.0 0.8 0.2 8.6 7.0 0.3 0.1 7.2 53.8 12.1 8.0 57.8 6.3 0.3 8.1 z 5.2 46.31981 173.1 175.1 123.8 22.9 20.9 125.8 38.3 9.5 2.7 45.1 8.2 1.0 0.4 8.8 6.7 0.3 0.1 6.9 53.8 11.9 7.3 58.3 6.5 0.3 6.3 z 4.1 49.31982 184.0 185.6 122.1 22.2 20.7 123.7 38.3 9.3 2.2 45.4 8.0 1.2 0.3 9.0 5.7 0.4 0.0 6.1 52.2 11.0 6.9 56.3 6.6 0.3 8.0 z 3.3 62.01983 195.5 200.9 136.1 27.4 22.0 141.5 45.7 12.1 2.6 55.2 9.7 1.8 0.3 11.2 7.4 0.6 0.1 7.9 54.9 12.5 7.4 60.0 6.8 0.4 8.7 z 2.9 59.51984 207.8 217.5 144.3 31.0 21.2 154.1 49.5 13.5 2.4 60.6 9.9 1.7 0.2 11.4 7.6 0.8 0.1 8.3 59.0 14.6 7.1 66.5 6.9 0.4 8.7 z 2.7 63.41985 201.2 212.4 140.8 32.9 21.7 151.9 48.8 14.9 2.2 61.5 9.9 2.0 0.2 11.8 7.7 0.8 0.1 8.4 55.1 14.9 7.1 62.9 7.1 0.2 9.5 z 2.7 60.51986 211.5 221.9 149.7 33.9 23.5 160.1 54.4 14.5 2.7 66.1 10.9 2.1 0.4 12.6 7.9 0.9 0.1 8.7 57.4 15.5 8.4 64.5 7.2 0.2 9.1 0.8 2.8 61.81987 209.9 219.6 158.7 36.1 26.4 168.4 58.8 15.2 3.6 70.3 11.3 2.6 0.5 13.4 8.1 0.9 0.1 8.8 59.8 16.7 9.0 67.5 7.5 0.2 10.2 0.6 2.9 51.31988 214.4 217.8 163.7 35.0 31.7 167.0 59.5 13.6 5.2 68.0 11.2 2.2 0.6 12.7 8.3 0.8 0.2 8.9 61.0 17.2 9.8 68.5 7.8 0.2 11.9 1.0 4.0 50.81989 215.0 216.9 165.2 34.8 33.0 167.0 59.5 15.1 4.7 69.8 10.6 1.3 0.9 11.0 8.4 0.5 0.2 8.7 61.6 17.0 10.5 68.1 8.4 0.1 11.7 0.8 5.0 49.91990 214.2 214.1 163.4 32.4 32.4 163.4 58.2 12.9 4.3 66.8 10.4 1.1 1.0 10.5 8.2 0.5 0.3 8.4 62.3 17.1 11.1 68.3 8.6 0.1 10.4 0.7 5.3 50.81991 220.9 216.6 157.3 29.7 34.0 153.0 53.4 11.6 4.6 60.5 9.3 1.0 0.9 9.4 8.1 0.4 0.3 8.2 62.5 16.1 12.8 65.8 8.4 0.0 9.3 0.7 6.1 63.61992 209.7 207.4 159.8 32.2 34.5 157.5 55.3 13.3 4.2 64.4 9.6 1.2 1.0 9.8 8.7 0.4 0.4 8.7 63.3 16.8 14.2 65.8 8.3 0.0 8.1 0.5 6.5 49.91993 201.1 205.5 158.3 36.3 31.9 162.7 55.1 15.2 4.0 66.3 9.7 1.2 0.9 9.9 9.1 0.5 0.4 9.2 63.5 18.4 13.3 68.5 7.9 0.2 7.1 0.8 6.0 42.81994 199.0 204.5 160.5 38.2 32.8 166.0 56.6 16.4 4.0 69.0 10.0 1.1 0.8 10.3 9.6 0.8 0.5 9.8 65.1 19.3 14.3 70.1 6.1 0.3 6.7 0.4 6.5 38.51995 196.5 202.2 158.9 40.6 34.9 164.6 55.1 17.3 3.6 68.8 9.9 1.3 0.9 10.3 8.9 0.8 0.6 9.1 65.1 20.2 15.9 69.5 5.9 0.2 7.0 0.8 7.0 37.61996 192.7 197.1 159.0 40.0 35.5 163.5 55.9 18.2 3.6 70.5 9.7 1.2 0.8 10.1 9.5 0.8 0.6 9.7 64.4 18.7 16.3 66.9 5.2 0.3 6.5 0.9 7.7 33.71997 191.3 197.5 161.6 42.6 36.3 167.8 57.6 18.3 3.7 72.3 9.2 1.4 1.0 9.6 9.6 0.9 0.5 9.9 66.4 20.9 17.4 69.9 5.0 0.3 5.9 0.8 7.8 29.81998 187.7 200.3 159.1 44.1 31.5 171.7 57.7 19.1 2.9 74.0 9.2 1.6 0.6 10.2 9.6 0.9 0.4 10.1 65.4 21.6 15.1 71.8 4.6 0.5 4.9 0.5 7.7 28.61999 188.7 204.2 160.3 47.2 31.7 175.8 60.0 19.8 3.3 76.5 9.3 1.8 0.6 10.5 9.9 1.1 0.4 10.7 63.9 23.3 14.8 72.5 4.5 0.7 5.1 0.3 7.6 28.42000 187.8 204.6 159.4 49.5 32.7 176.2 58.8 20.3 3.5 75.5 9.2 1.9 0.5 10.6 9.8 1.3 0.4 10.7 63.8 24.6 15.1 73.3 4.6 1.1 6.5 0.3 6.5 28.42001 176.8 197.1 148.5 49.3 29.1 168.7 56.1 20.6 3.0 73.7 8.1 2.0 0.4 9.7 8.7 1.5 0.4 9.9 59.6 23.8 14.2 69.2 4.9 1.1 6.2 0.2 4.9 28.4

2002r 174.8 197.5 148.2 51.1 28.4 170.9 57.2 21.7 3.0 75.9 8.1 2.6 0.4 10.4 9.3 1.5 0.3 10.5 59.3 23.8 15.2 67.9 4.8 1.3 6.0 0.1 3.5 26.6

2003 171.2 200.1 144.7 53.0 24.0 173.6 55.8 22.0 2.9 74.9 7.9 2.8 0.4 10.3 9.1 1.7 0.3 10.5 58.7 24.8 12.1 71.5 4.8 1.2 5.5 0.4 2.9 26.52004 177.0 211.1 150.0 59.7 25.6 184.2 59.3 25.5 2.9 81.9 7.8 4.1 0.5 11.5 9.5 2.2 0.4 11.3 59.8 25.8 13.0 72.6 4.8 1.1 5.7 1.0 3.1 27.02005 178.6 212.6 151.4 59.9 25.9 185.5 60.2 25.8 3.0 83.0 7.7 4.3 0.4 11.6 9.5 2.4 0.5 11.4 60.8 24.7 13.5 72.0 4.8 1.7 5.3 0.9 3.1 27.12006 176.6 207.2 149.4 56.6 26.0 180.0 58.8 23.5 3.3 79.0 7.1 4.0 0.4 10.7 9.4 2.3 0.6 11.1 61.1 24.7 13.7 72.1 4.9 1.5 5.3 0.7 2.8 27.22007 167.7 188.0 139.6 48.3 28.0 159.9 54.5 18.8 3.0 70.3 6.6 3.1 0.4 9.3 8.6 2.0 0.5 10.1 55.8 23.1 14.9 64.0 4.9 1.0 5.4 0.2 3.8 28.12008 146.8 155.1 120.4 38.1 29.8 128.7 41.7 13.0 2.8 51.9 5.6 2.2 0.5 7.3 7.4 1.4 0.5 8.3 51.6 20.9 16.4 56.1 4.4 0.5 4.9 0.1 4.8 26.42009 131.3 133.1 106.8 28.8 27.0 108.6 36.0 9.3 2.3 42.9 4.8 1.7 0.4 6.2 6.3 1.0 0.4 6.9 46.6 16.3 15.3 47.6 4.5 0.4 5.0 0.1 3.6 24.52010 131.9 132.2 107.4 30.6 30.3 107.7 35.2 9.7 1.6 43.3 5.0 1.9 0.6 6.4 6.2 0.9 0.4 6.7 45.8 17.3 17.0 46.1 4.5 0.5 6.3 0.2 4.3 24.52011 138.9 135.6 114.4 29.8 33.1 111.1 39.4 9.6 1.9 47.1 5.0 2.0 0.5 6.4 6.2 0.8 0.4 6.6 45.4 16.8 18.4 43.8 6.6 0.5 7.5 0.2 4.3 24.5

aConversion factors taken from GTR RM-199 (54). hIncludes both wood pulp and the wood pulp equivalent of paper and board except hardboard and insulating board.bU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (23); Pine Chemicals Association (33); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; iIncludes pulpwood (except chips), wood pulp, and the wood pulp equivalent of paper and board except hardboard and insulating board.

 Data for wood pulp have been revised; Air-dry weight contains 15% moisture content. jIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, 

cIncludes hardwood & softwood pallets. Pallets equate 20% of lumber. chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. dIncludes hardwood & softwood plywood and laminated veneer lumber. LVL begins in 1980. kDoesn't include OSB until 1980.eIncludes hardboard, particleboard, insulating board, OSB and MDF. lDoesn't include OSB.fExcludes wood pulp used in hardboard and insulating board. Includes wood pulp and other. mDoesn't include OSB, MDF,and Paperboard until 1967.

Wood pulp/1000 added to other/100 (Table 45). nPrior to 2000, pulpwood logs are not included in logs.

gExcludes veneer produced and consumed in industries other than the plywood industry. zNot available.rRevised.

All products

The weight of wood in products

Lumberc Plywood and veneerd Panel productse Wood pulpf

Logsn Pulpwood chip

Total
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

33

Table 8b—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of timber products (excludes additives and fillers) in tons, by major product, 1965–2011 (thousand metric tons,a air-dry weight of wood)b

The weight of wood in products

Other Fuelindustrial wood

All products Total Lumberc Plywood and veneerd Panel productse Wood pulpf products, producPro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- Pro- Con- production Logsn Pulpwood chip tion and

duc- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- duc- Im- Ex- sump- and con- Im- Ex- Im- Ex- consumpYear tion tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tion tion ports ports tiong tionk portsl portsm tion tion portsh portsi tion sumptionj ports ports ports ports tion 

1965 111,188 119,465 94,712 14,613 6,336 102,989 42,142 4,836 859 46,120 6,198 626 18 6,806 2,663 224 22 2,865 33,203 8,773 2,660 39,316 7,729 153 2,687 z 91 16,476

1966 115,016 123,083 98,509 15,564 7,497 106,576 42,257 4,863 1,100 46,021 6,463 749 28 7,184 2,860 181 27 3,013 35,730 9,556 2,941 42,345 7,798 215 3,128 z 272 16,507

1967 114,715 120,073 97,795 14,913 9,555 103,153 40,898 4,761 1,188 44,471 6,340 743 47 7,036 3,044 180 26 3,199 35,335 9,056 3,225 41,166 7,108 173 4,435 z 635 16,9201968 122,832 127,365 105,404 16,439 11,907 109,936 41,008 5,658 1,036 45,630 7,105 1,129 40 8,194 3,672 246 30 3,888 39,376 9,228 3,665 44,939 7,108 178 5,775 z 1,361 17,428

1969 125,455 130,455 107,995 17,633 12,633 112,996 40,124 5,852 1,036 44,940 6,619 1,263 108 7,775 4,202 275 42 4,435 41,385 10,059 4,063 47,381 8,281 184 5,389 z 1,995 17,4601970 128,161 129,948 108,082 16,748 14,961 109,869 38,739 5,617 1,124 43,232 6,848 1,221 91 7,978 4,183 191 46 4,328 40,626 9,395 5,014 45,007 8,999 325 6,164 z 2,523 20,0791971 131,357 136,915 111,786 18,372 12,814 117,344 41,244 6,934 1,100 47,078 7,861 1,516 58 9,320 5,331 258 55 5,534 41,829 9,475 4,390 46,915 8,309 189 5,147 z 2,064 19,5711972 138,714 143,839 118,556 20,955 15,830 123,680 42,185 8,621 1,365 49,441 8,613 1,884 125 10,372 6,360 409 69 6,700 44,565 9,952 4,574 49,943 7,136 88 7,064 z 2,634 20,1581973 141,844 145,413 122,765 21,482 17,913 126,334 43,225 8,804 1,895 50,135 8,490 1,510 226 9,774 6,888 412 92 7,208 46,129 10,755 4,499 52,385 6,832 0 7,570 z 3,631 19,0791974 135,125 136,943 114,237 19,258 17,440 116,055 39,089 6,711 1,718 44,082 7,278 982 308 7,952 6,177 281 124 6,333 45,811 11,112 5,315 51,608 5,907 172 5,942 z 4,033 20,8881975 123,706 122,908 103,723 15,091 15,889 102,925 36,377 5,440 1,542 40,276 7,168 1,146 431 7,884 5,442 107 102 5,447 40,110 8,198 4,503 43,805 5,314 199 5,997 z 3,315 19,9831976 136,278 136,843 116,723 18,896 18,331 117,288 40,175 7,470 1,718 45,927 8,171 1,410 400 9,180 6,723 198 111 6,810 45,053 9,619 4,676 49,996 5,176 199 7,308 z 4,117 19,5551977 144,783 148,678 122,115 21,702 17,807 126,010 42,898 9,684 1,542 51,041 8,611 1,352 183 9,780 7,596 292 104 7,784 46,422 10,026 4,704 51,744 5,314 347 6,903 z 4,371 22,6681978 154,456 160,578 124,978 24,352 18,230 131,100 43,929 11,022 1,846 53,105 8,853 1,516 165 10,203 7,869 408 78 8,199 47,435 11,188 4,700 53,923 5,452 218 7,667 z 3,774 29,4781979 162,773 165,522 127,383 23,954 21,205 130,132 43,906 10,426 2,200 52,133 8,706 1,247 216 9,737 7,393 390 73 7,710 48,331 11,592 5,260 54,663 5,590 299 8,763 z 4,693 35,3901980 161,015 160,042 119,026 21,145 22,118 118,053 38,873 8,904 2,529 45,248 7,278 732 208 7,802 6,341 280 78 6,543 48,801 10,942 7,299 52,445 5,728 287 7,333 z 4,672 41,9891981 157,004 158,828 112,289 20,784 18,960 114,113 34,744 8,599 2,440 40,903 7,419 898 367 7,950 6,073 297 126 6,244 48,788 10,763 6,628 52,923 5,866 227 5,699 z 3,699 44,7151982 166,933 168,329 110,743 20,140 18,743 112,140 34,748 8,404 2,000 41,153 7,257 1,118 248 8,128 5,211 398 49 5,559 47,325 9,956 6,248 51,033 6,004 263 7,214 z 2,984 56,1891983 177,339 182,218 123,415 24,866 19,986 128,295 41,467 10,992 2,381 50,078 8,806 1,635 308 10,133 6,677 576 61 7,192 49,826 11,292 6,739 54,379 6,142 371 7,875 z 2,623 53,9241984 188,447 197,289 130,898 28,083 19,240 139,740 44,917 12,253 2,212 54,957 9,003 1,501 205 10,299 6,893 722 66 7,549 53,520 13,277 6,472 60,325 6,280 330 7,859 z 2,426 57,5491985 182,531 192,606 127,701 29,810 19,735 137,776 44,266 13,480 1,955 55,791 9,018 1,849 184 10,683 6,952 734 108 7,578 49,986 13,524 6,426 57,083 6,418 223 8,642 z 2,418 54,8301986 191,835 201,266 135,757 30,768 21,338 145,188 49,323 13,107 2,474 59,956 9,848 1,921 340 11,429 7,185 773 124 7,833 52,093 14,062 7,646 58,509 6,556 177 8,221 729 2,533 56,0781987 190,402 199,165 143,909 32,723 23,960 152,672 53,315 13,748 3,307 63,755 10,239 2,330 428 12,141 7,362 784 165 7,982 54,264 15,151 8,163 61,252 6,832 186 9,241 524 2,657 46,4921988 194,498 197,490 148,458 31,771 28,778 151,451 53,981 12,367 4,696 61,651 10,130 1,991 557 11,564 7,497 753 221 8,028 55,368 15,620 8,859 62,129 7,039 153 10,790 887 3,655 46,0391989 195,038 196,633 149,801 31,606 30,011 151,397 53,943 13,703 4,300 63,346 9,623 1,177 783 10,018 7,618 474 294 7,798 55,828 15,447 9,504 61,771 7,660 88 10,583 716 4,546 45,2371990 194,250 194,100 148,220 29,351 29,501 148,070 52,745 11,727 3,916 60,556 9,429 1,001 887 9,543 7,466 429 346 7,549 56,510 15,498 10,039 61,969 7,757 52 9,474 643 4,838 46,0301991 200,346 196,371 142,633 26,924 30,898 138,659 48,475 10,493 4,134 54,833 8,472 866 790 8,548 7,391 340 369 7,362 56,670 14,587 11,585 59,673 7,605 31 8,458 607 5,562 57,7121992 190,199 188,005 144,963 29,174 31,368 142,768 50,143 12,048 3,817 58,374 8,715 1,053 901 8,867 7,862 406 463 7,805 57,433 15,201 12,919 59,716 7,541 0 7,373 464 5,896 45,2371993 182,407 186,294 143,615 32,915 29,028 147,502 49,955 13,805 3,667 60,093 8,754 1,060 855 8,959 8,268 465 469 8,264 57,558 16,692 12,094 62,156 7,137 211 6,468 682 5,475 38,7921994 180,521 185,422 145,585 34,690 29,789 150,486 51,292 14,895 3,594 62,592 9,037 1,004 743 9,298 8,706 690 545 8,852 59,047 17,506 12,937 63,616 5,535 248 6,035 346 5,935 34,9351995 178,214 183,332 144,088 36,848 31,730 149,206 49,973 15,736 3,265 62,445 8,946 1,157 774 9,329 8,074 719 615 8,178 59,082 18,328 14,405 63,005 5,341 181 6,342 727 6,330 34,1261996 174,750 178,774 144,211 36,304 32,280 148,235 50,679 16,494 3,241 63,932 8,840 1,052 765 9,126 8,621 723 588 8,755 58,439 16,974 14,773 60,641 4,720 259 5,927 802 6,986 30,5391997 173,543 179,128 146,560 38,603 33,018 152,145 52,269 16,589 3,320 65,538 8,383 1,247 915 8,714 8,670 804 540 8,934 60,184 18,966 15,743 63,407 4,555 287 5,393 710 7,107 26,9831998 170,222 181,996 144,318 40,013 28,612 156,092 52,368 17,344 2,613 67,098 8,352 1,429 499 9,282 8,711 813 392 9,504 59,291 19,551 13,721 65,121 4,210 417 4,448 460 6,939 25,9041999 171,167 185,536 145,374 42,777 28,750 159,743 54,465 17,973 3,008 69,429 8,396 1,653 506 9,543 9,008 1,036 408 9,978 57,951 21,167 13,387 65,731 4,113 662 4,583 286 6,857 25,7932000 170,324 185,801 144,579 44,882 29,696 160,056 53,348 18,392 3,218 68,522 8,385 1,688 470 9,602 8,929 1,196 424 9,992 57,894 22,297 13,705 66,486 4,141 1,011 5,933 298 5,947 25,7452001 160,371 179,151 134,663 44,743 26,437 153,422 50,850 18,718 2,717 66,851 7,330 1,851 350 8,830 7,866 1,401 378 9,363 54,100 21,584 12,902 62,782 4,410 1,032 5,665 157 4,424 25,729

2002r 159,126 180,656 134,444 46,347 24,938 156,529 51,870 19,664 2,712 68,822 7,358 2,359 324 9,393 8,407 1,385 343 9,464 53,807 21,599 13,813 61,593 4,381 1,207 5,461 132 3,171 24,126

2003 155,250 181,491 131,203 48,032 21,792 157,444 50,582 19,927 2,614 67,895 7,129 2,541 339 9,331 8,229 1,576 280 9,525 53,276 22,493 10,961 64,808 4,389 1,119 5,002 377 2,596 24,0472004 160,532 191,482 136,089 54,160 23,210 167,038 53,765 23,158 2,671 74,252 7,099 3,743 416 10,426 8,657 2,004 403 10,259 54,219 23,366 11,761 65,824 4,389 1,020 5,142 870 2,818 24,4442005 161,960 192,809 137,357 54,327 23,477 168,207 54,565 23,439 2,764 75,240 6,948 3,902 367 10,483 8,650 2,163 428 10,385 55,166 22,421 12,279 65,308 4,389 1,583 4,851 819 2,788 24,6022006 160,166 187,903 135,484 51,303 23,566 163,221 53,371 21,273 3,000 71,644 6,479 3,601 335 9,745 8,484 2,126 512 10,099 55,432 22,370 12,418 65,384 4,417 1,316 4,762 616 2,540 24,6822007 152,127 170,501 126,651 43,814 25,439 145,026 49,425 17,036 2,706 63,755 5,969 2,852 380 8,441 7,782 1,809 475 9,115 50,622 20,965 13,512 58,075 4,486 939 4,922 214 3,445 25,4752008 133,134 140,688 109,167 34,570 27,016 116,721 37,798 11,753 2,502 47,049 5,105 1,985 428 6,662 6,742 1,240 449 7,534 46,797 19,000 14,916 50,881 4,003 494 4,405 98 4,317 23,9672009 119,070 120,721 96,849 26,117 24,466 98,499 32,634 8,404 2,089 38,949 4,373 1,576 320 5,629 5,683 932 399 6,215 42,299 14,749 13,849 43,199 4,051 399 4,528 56 3,281 22,2222010 119,593 119,872 97,371 27,769 27,489 97,651 31,954 8,822 1,482 39,295 4,546 1,768 517 5,797 5,633 834 374 6,094 41,531 15,697 15,460 41,768 4,051 447 5,716 200 3,941 22,2222011 125,983 123,013 103,762 27,054 30,024 100,791 35,739 8,730 1,759 42,710 4,536 1,787 489 5,833 5,632 689 331 5,989 41,144 15,226 16,688 39,682 5,955 422 6,815 200 3,941 22,222

aConversion factors taken from GTR RM-199 (54). hIncludes both wood pulp and the wood pulp equivalent of paper and board except hardboard and insulating board.bU.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (23); Pine Chemicals Association (33); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; iIncludes pulpwood (except chips), wood pulp, and the wood pulp equivalent of paper and board except hardboard and insulating board.

 Data for wood pulp have been revised; Air-dry weight contains 15% moisture content. jIncludes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, 

cIncludes hardwood & softwood pallets. Pallets equate 20% of lumber. chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. dIncludes hardwood & softwood plywood and laminated veneer lumber. LVL begins in 1980. kDoesn't include OSB until 1980.eIncludes hardboard, particleboard, insulating board, OSB and MDF. lDoesn't include OSB.fExcludes wood pulp used in hardboard and insulating board. Includes wood pulp and other. mDoesn't include OSB, MDF, and Paperboard until 1967.

Wood pulp/1000 added to other/100 (Table 45). nPrior to 2000, pulpwood logs are not included in logs.

gExcludes veneer produced and consumed in industries other than the plywood industry. zNot available.rRevised.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

34

Table 9―U.S. annual industrial wood product production in thousands of short tons, product weight, 1965–2011 a

Other

industrial

products,

Laminated Hardwood Lumber Medium-density Pulp production

Softwood Oriented veneer plywood Softwood Hardwood made at Particleboard Hardboard fiberboard paper and con- Insulating

Year Total plywoodb strandboardb lumberb and veneerc lumberd lumberd pallet plants e productionf productiong productionf and boardh sumptioni boardj

1965 108,868 6,807 z z 1,345 28,599 15,929 171 1,059 913 105 43,465 9,240 1,234

1966 113,194 7,140 z z 1,362 28,162 16,488 203 1,333 964 117 46,971 9,323 1,131

1967 110,997 7,086 z z 1,257 27,503 15,712 204 1,510 949 130 46,969 8,498 1,178

1968 116,505 8,036 z z 1,318 28,589 14,740 225 1,956 1,160 145 50,561 8,498 1,276

1969 119,987 7,489 z z 1,227 27,669 14,727 262 2,365 1,327 161 53,530 9,900 1,330

1970 119,523 7,842 z z 1,179 26,876 14,057 247 2,434 1,370 179 53,408 10,758 1,173

1971 124,453 9,097 z z 1,263 29,326 14,254 270 3,317 1,633 198 53,753 9,933 1,410

1972 130,569 10,021 z z 1,332 30,239 14,334 303 4,330 1,812 220 58,009 8,531 1,439

1973 134,386 10,011 z z 1,186 30,836 14,837 363 4,866 1,891 245 60,548 8,168 1,437

1974 126,340 8,683 z z 919 27,046 14,257 402 4,324 1,767 272 60,403 7,062 1,205

1975 113,646 8,777 z z 690 26,112 12,325 312 3,520 1,775 302 52,393 6,353 1,087

1976 128,233 10,084 z z 711 29,873 13,462 383 4,485 2,120 394 59,283 6,188 1,251

1977 134,926 10,596 z z 779 31,923 14,343 462 5,019 2,411 620 61,149 6,353 1,271

1978 139,305 10,918 z z 778 32,704 15,120 529 5,231 2,445 714 63,085 6,518 1,262

1979 141,932 10,748 z z 755 32,509 15,706 580 4,748 2,402 713 65,873 6,683 1,215

1980 134,084 8,932 84 53 681 27,530 15,452 505 4,148 1,919 693 66,217 6,848 1,021

1981 129,344 9,161 169 70 641 24,797 12,622 494 4,035 1,908 726 66,931 7,013 780

1982 124,212 8,666 348 70 909 23,222 13,494 447 3,365 1,746 627 63,483 7,178 657

1983 141,762 10,653 838 88 971 29,020 14,794 505 4,231 2,282 849 69,352 7,343 836

1984 150,006 10,897 1,276 88 988 30,434 17,027 591 4,494 2,137 892 72,742 7,508 934

1985 148,775 11,030 1,668 123 881 30,577 16,196 650 4,684 1,969 963 71,459 7,673 904

1986 160,772 12,096 2,196 140 912 34,435 17,680 721 5,067 1,819 1,098 75,964 7,838 806

1987 170,449 12,523 2,548 158 1,000 37,415 19,006 797 5,212 1,705 1,264 79,830 8,168 823

1988 174,787 12,359 2,878 193 1,019 37,224 19,813 876 5,385 1,599 1,320 82,847 8,415 859

1989 175,777 11,695 3,191 210 1,011 36,653 20,345 943 5,425 1,624 1,364 83,257 9,158 901

1990 176,550 11,440 3,386 280 1,009 34,941 20,792 996 5,352 1,570 1,336 85,307 9,273 868

1991 171,867 10,200 3,508 280 982 32,373 18,847 1,005 5,304 1,530 1,347 86,546 9,092 853

1992 179,502 10,572 4,158 298 934 33,706 19,276 1,046 5,597 1,648 1,499 90,885 9,016 868

1993 180,831 10,563 4,376 368 992 32,165 20,620 960 5,964 1,640 1,633 92,154 8,532 866

1994 185,905 10,740 4,679 403 1,182 33,297 20,900 863 6,387 1,627 1,759 96,595 6,617 857

1995 185,630 10,591 4,939 490 1,209 31,467 21,337 768 5,906 1,541 1,557 98,582 6,386 857

1996 186,758 10,490 5,821 560 1,171 32,476 21,074 660 6,270 1,650 1,752 98,334 5,643 857

1997 193,114 9,824 6,584 665 1,229 33,844 21,386 733 6,372 1,407 1,948 102,822 5,445 857

1998 191,746 9,721 7,017 718 1,288 33,853 21,480 744 6,459 1,344 1,970 101,262 5,033 857

1999 196,307 9,743 7,258 838 1,323 35,736 21,814 735 6,773 1,371 1,987 102,955 4,917 857

2000 193,159 9,557 7,441 833 1,487 35,110 21,259 735 6,756 1,182 2,093 100,900 4,950 857

2001 182,836 8,269 7,833 935 1,381 33,760 19,970 735 5,760 1,038 1,946 95,080 5,273 857

2002r 185,987 8,313 8,391 982 1,376 34,979 19,828 735 6,207 912 2,280 95,890 5,238 857

2003 182,803 8,042 8,509 1,181 1,343 35,738 17,709 735 5,603 1,345 2,261 94,232 5,247 857

2004 191,271 8,020 8,919 1,510 1,327 38,147 18,662 735 6,053 1,212 2,457 98,124 5,247 857

2005 191,576 7,837 9,366 1,586 1,311 38,825 18,829 735 5,781 1,358 2,588 97,256 5,247 857

2006 190,236 7,343 9,350 1,544 1,188 37,806 18,586 735 5,702 1,209 2,610 98,025 5,280 857

2007 184,048 6,695 9,227 1,316 1,162 34,323 17,901 735 4,982 1,035 2,656 97,795 5,363 857

2008 163,319 5,598 8,127 908 1,115 28,484 11,453 735 4,101 911 2,400 93,844 4,785 857

2009 143,890 4,708 5,999 572 1,040 22,688 11,794 735 3,085 696 2,350 84,524 4,843 857

2010 148,590 4,994 6,437 719 985 24,213 9,550 735 3,216 849 2,000 89,193 4,843 857

2011 153,244 4,911 6,274 728 1,051 26,119 11,644 735 3,221 788 2,053 87,744 7,119 857 a

Sources for recent production data (some earlier data are Forest Service estimates or from Department of Commerce):

b

APA‒The Engineered Wood Association (11). c

Department of Commerce (to 1988); 1989–1990 data from Hardwood Plywood & Veneer Association; 

 later estimates based on trends in value of shipments (Department of Commerce); hardwood veneer based on Census of Manufactures data and trend in value of shipments.

d

1965–1976 based on Commerce Department data and Forest Service estimates; 1976-1998 American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA).

 Statistical Roundup (4) (1996 hardwood estimated by Forest Service; 1997–1998 hardwood estimate from Miller Freeman). 

 (Note that the Commerce Department reported hardwood lumber production is understood to underestimate actual production as reflected in Forest Service estimates since 1900.)

e

Forest Service estimate of lumber cut from roundwood at pallet plants. 

 Other lumber (e.g., purchased lumber) used by pallet makers is accounted for under hardwood and softwood lumber production.

f

Composite Panel Association (based on production data 1959–1977, and 1995–1997; otherwise based on shipments; 1998 data are estimated) (15).

g

Shipments data from American Hardboard Association (1965–1997) and as reported by Miller Freeman (1998); 1998 figure is estimated (8).

h

AF&PA, formerly API (Statistics of Paper, Paperboard & Woodpulp) (5). Paper and paperboard production includes "Total Paper," "Total Paperboard," and "Building Paper" production.

 Total production of pulp, paper, and paperboard includes market pulp produced for export.

i

Data through 1988 were obtained from U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption, and Price Statistics reports (USDA Forest Service).

 Miscellaneous wood product production for 1996 based on timber product output tables in (draft) 1997 RPA Inventory Data Tables; intervening and subsequent data are extrapolated.

j

Derived using earlier data from Commerce Department MA26A reports (in square feet of product output) to convert tonnage reported in AF&PA and earlier API reports.

z

Not available.

r

Revised.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

35

Roundwood equivalents of production

Totals

lb/ft3 Tons/ton Million ft3 short tonsd metric tons

1965 19.28 0.6929 108,261 2,912 8,319 11,230 156,247 141,744 23.5% 194.3 1,114

1966 19.52 0.7007 112,432 3,045 8,476 11,520 160,461 145,567 22.6% 196.6 1,144

1967 19.44 0.6991 110,134 2,900 8,432 11,332 157,547 142,924 21.2% 198.7 1,109

1968 19.54 0.7052 115,421 2,842 8,972 11,814 163,678 148,485 20.4% 200.7 1,150

1969 19.85 0.7149 118,703 2,979 8,983 11,963 166,052 150,639 22.1% 202.7 1,171

1970 18.24 0.6571 118,211 3,211 9,752 12,963 179,886 163,189 22.8% 205.1 1,153

1971 19.94 0.7206 122,665 2,895 9,405 12,300 170,218 154,419 22.8% 207.7 1,181

1972 20.40 0.7376 128,216 2,935 9,632 12,567 173,840 157,704 22.5% 209.9 1,222

1973 20.59 0.7433 131,730 3,064 9,731 12,795 177,225 160,775 23.5% 211.9 1,243

1974 20.08 0.7235 123,996 3,051 9,301 12,352 171,383 155,475 23.7% 213.9 1,159

1975 19.76 0.7165 111,787 2,473 8,844 11,317 156,016 141,534 23.0% 216.0 1,035

1976 20.80 0.7533 125,859 2,722 9,381 12,102 167,078 151,570 23.4% 218.0 1,155

1977 21.12 0.7647 132,289 2,821 9,709 12,529 172,986 156,929 23.4% 220.2 1,202

1978 21.12 0.7633 136,542 3,030 9,900 12,930 178,891 162,286 23.8% 222.6 1,227

1979 21.09 0.7620 139,443 3,125 10,096 13,221 182,998 166,012 23.9% 225.1 1,239

1980 21.85 0.7858 131,899 3,093 8,980 12,073 167,857 152,276 23.5% 227.7 1,159

1981 22.22 0.8003 127,276 2,856 8,600 11,456 159,032 144,270 23.4% 230.0 1,107

1982 21.66 0.7784 122,574 2,940 8,376 11,316 157,464 142,848 23.7% 232.2 1,056

1983 21.75 0.7811 139,888 3,364 9,502 12,866 179,093 162,469 23.4% 234.3 1,194

1984 22.19 0.7951 148,099 3,652 9,693 13,346 186,275 168,985 23.8% 236.3 1,253

1985 21.99 0.7875 146,873 3,671 9,687 13,358 186,499 169,188 23.8% 238.5 1,232

1986 21.80 0.7801 158,793 4,053 10,516 14,569 203,554 184,660 24.7% 240.7 1,319

1987 22.04 0.7899 168,479 4,149 11,140 15,290 213,302 193,503 24.6% 242.8 1,388

1988 22.28 0.7971 172,817 4,330 11,185 15,514 216,811 196,686 25.1% 245.0 1,411

1989 22.28 0.7949 173,912 4,553 11,058 15,611 218,772 198,465 25.7% 247.3 1,406

1990 22.61 0.8057 174,796 4,609 10,850 15,459 216,949 196,812 27.0% 249.9 1,399

1991 22.60 0.8050 170,201 4,493 10,572 15,065 211,428 191,803 29.1% 252.7 1,347

1992 23.62 0.8387 177,932 4,717 10,350 15,067 212,155 192,463 30.9% 255.4 1,393

1993 24.28 0.8582 179,125 4,921 9,835 14,756 208,723 189,350 32.3% 258.1 1,388

1994 24.56 0.8686 184,058 4,956 10,036 14,991 211,906 192,237 33.7% 260.7 1,412

1995 24.13 0.8505 184,152 5,288 9,978 15,265 216,532 196,434 34.4% 263.0 1,400

1996 24.55 0.8659 185,428 5,186 9,921 15,107 214,138 194,262 36.9% 265.5 1,397

1997 24.98 0.8806 191,964 5,322 10,047 15,368 217,991 197,757 36.4% 267.9 1,433

1998 24.99 0.8811 190,698 5,259 10,005 15,264 216,422 196,334 37.1% 270.3 1,411

1999 25.87 0.8858 197,420 5,255 10,006 15,260 216,363 196,280 37.1% 273.2 1,445

2000 25.56 0.9017 194,210 5,201 9,998 15,199 215,391 195,398 39.1% 282.1 1,377

2001 25.56 0.9030 184,844 4,857 9,608 14,465 204,698 185,698 39.1% 284.8 1,298

2002 26.14 0.8983 188,404 4,762 9,653 14,416 203,760 184,847 40.0% 287.5 1,311

2003 25.98 0.9253 182,803 4,213 9,861 14,074 197,570 179,232 37.5% 291.1 1,256

2004 26.03 0.9274 191,271 4,376 10,321 14,697 206,236 187,093 37.2% 294.0 1,301

2005 25.98 0.9256 191,576 4,388 10,362 14,750 206,968 187,757 37.8% 296.7 1,291

2006 26.48 0.9423 190,236 4,351 10,019 14,371 201,889 183,150 37.7% 289.8 1,313

2007 27.12 0.9643 184,048 4,167 9,407 13,574 190,869 173,153 37.9% 301.7 1,220

2008 28.26 1.0107 163,319 3,247 8,311 11,558 161,584 146,586 34.7% 304.5 1,073

2009 27.45 0.9743 143,890 3,306 7,178 10,483 147,689 133,980 37.4% 307.2 937

2010 27.86 0.9919 148,590 3,214 7,453 10,667 149,808 135,903 38.0% 309.8 959

2011 26.73 0.9489 153,244 3,600 7,867 11,467 161,494 146,505 37.2% 312.0 982

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory (20, 21); American Forest & Paper Association (3).

b

The average specific gravity for hardwood is .52 c

The average specific gravity for softwood is .42

d

The weight density of a cubic foot of water in pounds is 62.4. Example: ((0.52 × 62.4/2000) + (0.42 × 62.4/2000)) × 1000. e

Utilization rate is the ratio of recovered paper consumuption to total production of paper and board

U.S.

population

millions

Recovered

paper

utilization

rate (%)e Year

Table 10―Industrial wood productivity, 1965–2011a

Hardwoodsb

Million ft3

Softwoodsc

Million ft3

Total industrial 

wood product 

production (from 

Table 9) 

Thousand tons

Industrial wood 

productivity (industrial 

wood product output per 

unit of roundwood input)

Per capita 

industrial

wood product 

production

lb/capita
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

36

Table 11a—Per capita consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2011a

 Other

All Total industrial

products roundwood Plywood and veneer Pulp products productsb

cubic cubic cubic board feet cubic board feet cubic cubic cubic

Year feet feet feet (lumber tally) feet (local log rule) feet cords feet feet cords

1965 68.5 63.2 35.6 194 5.9 27 18.9 0.2 2.9 5.3 0.067

1966 69.1 63.8 34.9 190 6.1 28 19.9 0.2 2.9 5.3 0.066

1967 66.6 61.2 33.5 182 5.9 27 19.2 0.2 2.6 5.4 0.067

1968 68.9 63.5 34.4 187 6.8 31 19.8 0.2 2.6 5.5 0.068

1969 69.5 64.1 33.5 182 6.3 29 21.4 0.3 3.0 5.4 0.068

1970 73.8 67.6 36.0 196 6.4 30 22.1 0.3 3.2 6.2 0.077

1971 70.9 65.0 34.7 189 7.4 34 20.0 0.3 2.9 5.9 0.074

1972 72.2 66.2 36.2 197 8.1 37 19.4 0.2 2.5 6.1 0.076

1973 71.7 66.1 36.2 197 7.7 35 19.8 0.2 2.3 5.7 0.071

1974 68.5 62.3 32.9 179 6.3 29 21.2 0.3 2.0 6.2 0.077

1975 61.2 55.4 30.7 167 6.2 29 16.7 0.2 1.8 5.8 0.073

1976 65.4 59.7 32.2 175 7.2 33 18.6 0.2 1.7 5.7 0.071

1977 69.7 63.3 35.8 195 7.6 35 18.1 0.2 1.7 6.5 0.081

1978 73.8 65.5 36.9 201 7.8 36 19.1 0.2 1.8 8.3 0.104

1979 74.7 64.8 35.4 192 7.3 34 20.3 0.3 1.8 9.9 0.124

1980 68.6 57.0 29.6 161 5.8 27 19.8 0.2 1.8 11.6 0.145

1981 66.5 54.3 27.2 148 5.7 26 19.5 0.2 1.8 12.2 0.153

1982 68.2 53.0 27.0 147 5.6 26 18.5 0.2 1.9 15.2 0.191

1983 75.4 60.9 32.6 177 6.9 32 19.5 0.2 1.9 14.5 0.181

1984 79.3 64.0 34.8 189 6.9 32 20.4 0.3 1.9 15.3 0.192

1985 78.9 64.4 35.1 191 6.9 32 20.5 0.3 1.9 14.5 0.181

1986 82.8 68.1 37.0 201 7.3 34 21.9 0.3 2.0 14.7 0.183

1987 82.3 70.2 38.6 210 7.5 35 22.1 0.3 2.0 12.1 0.151

1988 79.9 68.1 36.8 200 7.1 33 22.2 0.3 2.1 11.8 0.148

1989 78.6 67.1 36.8 200 5.9 27 22.1 0.3 2.2 11.5 0.144

1990 76.4 64.8 34.5 188 5.6 26 22.4 0.3 2.2 11.6 0.145

1991 75.8 61.4 32.5 177 5.0 23 21.8 0.3 2.2 14.4 0.180

1992 72.9 61.7 32.8 178 5.0 23 21.8 0.3 2.1 11.2 0.139

1993 71.5 62.1 33.3 181 5.0 23 21.7 0.3 2.0 9.5 0.118

1994 71.6 63.1 34.4 187 5.1 23 22.0 0.3 1.5 8.4 0.106

1995 72.4 64.2 34.0 185 5.0 23 23.7 0.3 1.5 8.2 0.102

1996 70.3 63.1 34.6 188 4.9 22 22.3 0.3 1.3 7.2 0.091

1997 70.2 63.9 35.2 191 4.6 21 22.9 0.3 1.2 6.3 0.079

1998 71.0 64.9 35.7 194 4.7 22 23.4 0.3 1.1 6.0 0.075

1999 70.7 64.8 36.6 199 4.8 22 22.3 0.3 1.1 5.9 0.074

2000 68.5 62.8 35.1 191 4.6 21 22.1 0.3 1.1 5.7 0.072

2001 66.4 60.7 34.1 185 4.3 20 21.2 0.3 1.1 5.7 0.071

2002r 66.0 60.7 34.8 189 4.4 20 20.4 0.3 1.1 5.3 0.066

2003 65.4 60.1 34.2 186 4.3 20 20.5 0.3 1.1 5.2 0.065

2004 69.0 63.7 37.1 202 4.7 22 20.8 0.3 1.1 5.2 0.065

2005 68.6 63.3 37.3 203 4.7 22 20.3 0.3 1.1 5.2 0.065

2006 67.4 62.0 36.3 198 4.5 21 20.1 0.3 1.1 5.4 0.067

2007 58.8 53.4 30.8 168 3.8 17 17.8 0.2 1.1 5.3 0.066

2008 47.4 42.4 22.8 124 2.9 14 15.8 0.2 1.0 5.0 0.062

2009 41.1 36.6 18.3 100 2.4 11 14.9 0.2 1.0 4.6 0.057

2010 41.2 36.7 18.6 101 2.5 11 14.7 0.2 0.9 4.5 0.056

2011 46.9 42.4 19.8 108 2.5 11 18.7 0.2 1.4 4.5 0.056 a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (22,34); U.S. Council of Economic Advisors (43); 

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

Includes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, 

 excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.

r

Revised.

Lumber

Industrial roundwood used for

Fuelwood
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

37

Table 11b—Per capita consumption of timber products, by major product, 1965–2011 

(cubic meters)a

 Other

All Total Plywood Pulp industrial

Year products roundwood Lumber and veneer products productsb Fuelwood

1965 1.940 1.789 1.008 0.166 0.534 0.082 0.151

1966 1.956 1.807 0.989 0.172 0.564 0.081 0.150

1967 1.886 1.734 0.948 0.167 0.545 0.073 0.152

1968 1.952 1.798 0.974 0.191 0.559 0.073 0.155

1969 1.969 1.815 0.948 0.178 0.605 0.084 0.154

1970 2.090 1.916 1.019 0.182 0.625 0.090 0.175

1971 2.008 1.840 0.981 0.209 0.567 0.082 0.168

1972 2.045 1.873 1.025 0.229 0.549 0.070 0.171

1973 2.032 1.871 1.026 0.218 0.561 0.066 0.161

1974 1.939 1.765 0.930 0.179 0.600 0.057 0.174

1975 1.733 1.568 0.870 0.175 0.472 0.050 0.165

1976 1.851 1.691 0.913 0.203 0.526 0.049 0.160

1977 1.975 1.791 1.014 0.215 0.512 0.050 0.184

1978 2.090 1.854 1.044 0.220 0.540 0.050 0.236

1979 2.114 1.834 1.001 0.207 0.575 0.051 0.280

1980 1.943 1.614 0.838 0.164 0.560 0.052 0.329

1981 1.883 1.536 0.770 0.163 0.551 0.052 0.347

1982 1.932 1.501 0.766 0.159 0.523 0.053 0.432

1983 2.136 1.726 0.923 0.196 0.553 0.054 0.411

1984 2.246 1.812 0.985 0.195 0.577 0.055 0.434

1985 2.235 1.825 0.993 0.196 0.580 0.055 0.410

1986 2.345 1.929 1.048 0.206 0.619 0.056 0.416

1987 2.330 1.988 1.092 0.213 0.626 0.058 0.342

1988 2.263 1.927 1.041 0.200 0.628 0.059 0.335

1989 2.226 1.900 1.043 0.168 0.624 0.064 0.326

1990 2.163 1.835 0.978 0.160 0.633 0.064 0.329

1991 2.145 1.738 0.919 0.141 0.616 0.062 0.407

1992 2.065 1.749 0.929 0.143 0.616 0.061 0.316

1993 2.025 1.757 0.943 0.142 0.615 0.057 0.268

1994 2.027 1.787 0.975 0.144 0.624 0.044 0.239

1995 2.049 1.817 0.963 0.142 0.671 0.042 0.231

1996 1.991 1.786 0.980 0.138 0.632 0.036 0.205

1997 1.988 1.809 0.997 0.129 0.648 0.035 0.180

1998 2.010 1.839 1.012 0.134 0.662 0.032 0.171

1999 2.003 1.835 1.037 0.135 0.631 0.031 0.168

2000 1.940 1.777 0.993 0.129 0.625 0.030 0.163

2001 1.879 1.718 0.964 0.122 0.600 0.032 0.161

2002r 1.870 1.720 0.986 0.124 0.579 0.031 0.150

2003 1.851 1.703 0.969 0.122 0.581 0.031 0.147

2004 1.953 1.805 1.052 0.134 0.588 0.031 0.148

2005 1.942 1.794 1.056 0.134 0.573 0.030 0.148

2006 1.909 1.757 1.029 0.128 0.569 0.031 0.152

2007 1.664 1.513 0.873 0.107 0.503 0.031 0.151

2008 1.342 1.202 0.646 0.083 0.446 0.027 0.140

2009 1.165 1.036 0.519 0.068 0.422 0.027 0.129

2010 1.166 1.038 0.526 0.070 0.415 0.027 0.128

2011 1.327 1.200 0.562 0.070 0.529 0.039 0.127

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (22,34); U.S. Council of Economic Advisors (43); 

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

Includes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, 

 excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items.

r

Revised.

Industrial roundwood used for
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

38

Table 12—Consumption of selected timber products and other materials used in construction, manufacturing, and shipping, 1965–2011a

Lumber Plywood

Total Softwoods Hardwoods Total Softwoods Hardwoods

Consump- Consump- Consump- Consump- Consump- Consumption tion tion tion tion tion

Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion

board Index board Index board Index square feet Index square feet Index square feet Index

Year feet 1996 = 100 feet 1996 = 100 feet 1996 = 100 (3/8-in. basis) 1996 = 100 (3/8-in. basis) 1996 = 100 (3/8-in. basis) 1996 = 100

1965 43.1 70.3 33.4 67.5 9.7 82.2 15.5 73.0 12.4 68.9 3.1 95.7

1966 42.7 69.7 32.7 66.1 10.0 84.9 16.3 76.9 13.0 72.2 3.3 102.9

1967 41.4 67.6 32.0 64.6 9.5 80.3 16.0 75.4 12.9 71.5 3.2 97.6

1968 43.1 70.3 34.1 68.9 9.0 76.3 18.5 87.2 14.6 81.3 3.9 120.2

1969 42.3 69.0 33.2 67.1 9.1 77.1 17.5 82.2 13.5 75.0 4.0 122.7

1970 40.8 66.5 32.2 65.1 8.6 72.8 18.0 84.8 14.2 79.0 3.8 117.3

1971 45.0 73.4 36.4 73.5 8.6 73.1 21.0 98.8 16.5 91.8 4.5 137.9

1972 47.5 77.5 38.8 78.3 8.7 74.2 23.3 109.5 18.1 100.5 5.2 159.9

1973 47.9 78.3 38.8 78.4 9.1 77.6 22.2 104.5 17.9 99.4 4.3 133.0

1974 41.6 67.9 32.9 66.5 8.7 73.9 18.3 86.2 15.3 85.1 3.0 92.2

1975 38.4 62.7 31.1 62.8 7.4 62.5 18.2 85.5 15.3 84.7 2.9 89.9

1976 44.1 72.0 36.1 72.8 8.1 68.5 21.1 99.3 17.7 98.4 3.4 104.1

1977 49.4 80.5 40.7 82.2 8.6 73.4 22.5 105.8 19.1 106.0 3.4 104.4

1978 51.4 83.9 42.5 85.9 8.9 75.8 23.4 110.0 19.7 109.5 3.6 113.0

1979 50.1 81.7 40.8 82.4 9.3 78.8 22.5 105.8 19.3 107.0 3.2 98.8

1980 42.8 69.8 33.8 68.3 9.0 76.0 18.2 85.6 16.0 88.8 2.2 68.0

1981 39.3 64.1 32.0 64.7 7.3 61.7 18.5 87.1 16.1 89.3 2.4 74.7

1982 39.1 63.9 31.3 63.3 7.8 66.6 18.6 87.6 15.4 85.5 3.2 99.5

1983 48.4 79.0 39.9 80.6 8.5 72.5 23.1 108.7 18.9 105.0 4.2 129.1

1984 52.8 86.1 42.9 86.6 9.9 84.0 23.6 110.8 19.6 108.8 3.9 122.3

1985 54.0 88.1 44.4 89.8 9.6 81.1 24.3 114.2 19.9 110.5 4.4 134.9

1986 57.9 94.5 47.6 96.2 10.3 87.5 26.1 122.7 21.6 119.7 4.5 139.4

1987 61.5 100.3 50.5 101.9 11.0 93.7 27.5 129.4 22.2 123.4 5.3 163.2

1988 59.2 96.6 48.3 97.7 10.9 92.2 26.4 124.3 21.7 120.4 4.7 145.9

1989 60.6 98.9 49.1 99.1 11.5 98.0 23.3 109.9 20.0 111.0 3.4 104.0

1990 57.4 93.7 45.7 92.4 11.7 99.3 22.4 105.3 19.3 107.4 3.0 94.0

1991 52.1 85.0 41.6 84.1 10.4 88.6 20.1 94.4 17.4 96.3 2.7 83.5

1992 55.8 91.1 45.1 91.1 10.7 90.8 20.8 97.8 17.9 99.5 2.8 87.8

1993 57.2 93.3 45.7 92.3 11.5 97.5 20.9 98.5 17.9 99.6 3.0 92.6

1994 59.8 97.6 48.2 97.3 11.6 98.9 21.7 102.0 18.5 102.5 3.2 99.2

1995 59.5 97.1 47.6 96.1 11.9 101.4 21.6 101.9 18.2 100.8 3.5 107.9

1996 61.3 100.0 49.5 100.0 11.8 100.0 21.2 100.0 18.0 100.0 3.2 100.0

1997 62.9 102.7 51.0 103.1 11.9 101.1 20.1 94.8 16.5 91.7 3.6 112.3

1998 64.5 105.2 52.2 105.5 12.2 103.8 21.2 99.8 17.2 95.4 4.0 124.1

1999 66.8 109.1 54.4 109.9 12.4 105.5 21.7 102.0 17.3 96.3 4.3 134.2

2000 66.1 107.9 54.0 109.1 12.1 102.7 21.7 102.3 17.1 95.2 4.6 141.9

2001 64.9 106.0 53.7 108.5 11.3 95.6 19.8 93.0 15.3 84.8 4.5 139.3

2002r 67.1 109.5 55.8 112.8 11.3 95.7 20.8 97.9 15.7 87.0 5.1 158.7

2003 67.0 109.3 56.8 114.8 10.1 86.0 20.6 97.0 15.6 86.6 5.0 154.9

2004 73.5 120.0 62.8 126.8 10.8 91.5 22.5 106.1 16.2 89.9 6.3 196.3

2005 74.5 121.6 63.6 128.4 10.9 92.9 22.6 106.4 16.3 90.7 6.3 194.1

2006 70.9 115.7 60.6 122.3 10.3 87.9 21.0 98.7 14.9 82.4 6.1 189.3

2007 62.5 102.0 52.6 106.2 9.9 84.3 18.3 85.9 12.8 70.9 5.5 169.6

2008 46.9 76.5 40.7 82.1 6.2 52.7 14.6 68.6 10.4 57.6 4.2 130.1

2009 37.7 61.5 31.1 62.9 6.6 55.8 12.3 58.0 8.8 48.6 3.6 110.7

2010 38.7 63.1 32.9 66.5 5.8 49.0 12.7 59.6 8.8 48.7 3.9 120.7

2011 41.4 67.6 34.4 69.4 7.1 59.9 12.7 59.8 8.7 48.4 4.0 123.8
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

39

Table 12—Consumption of selected timber products and other materials used in construction, manufacturing, and shipping, 1965–2011—Con.

 Particleboardb Insulating board

Consump- Consump- Hardboard

tion tion Shipments Portland cementc Bricke

Million Million Million Shipments Shipments Shipments

square feet Index square feet Index square feet Index Thousand Index Thousand Index Million Index

Year (3/4-in. basis) 1996=100 (1/2-in. basis 1996=100 (1/8-in. basis 1996=100 tons 1996=100 tons 1996=100 bricks 1996=100

1965 832 13.1 3,395 137.4 2,921 55.3 70,328 71.2 11,836 149.0 8,089 108.6

1966 1,032 16.2 3,098 125.4 3,083 58.4 71,570 72.5 11,862 149.3 7,552 101.4

1967 1,166 18.3 3,233 130.9 3,038 57.5 70,315 71.2 11,375 143.2 7,117 95.6

1968 1,489 23.4 3,525 142.7 3,710 70.3 74,740 75.7 12,195 153.5 7,557 101.5

1969 1,794 28.2 3,656 148.0 4,247 80.4 77,047 78.0 11,402 143.5 7,290 97.9

1970 1,851 29.1 3,246 131.4 4,384 83.0 73,407 74.4 10,565 133.0 6,496 87.2

1971 2,488 39.1 3,889 157.4 5,225 99.0 79,005 80.0 8,666 109.1 7,570 101.6

1972 3,205 50.3 3,973 160.9 5,798 109.8 82,808 83.9 8,589 108.1 8,402 112.8

1973 3,574 56.2 3,975 160.9 6,050 114.6 88,459 89.6 10,731 135.1 8,674 116.5

1974 3,163 49.7 3,252 131.7 5,654 107.1 81,125 82.2 11,360 143.0 6,673 89.6

1975 2,650 41.6 2,919 118.2 5,681 107.6 69,078 70.0 8,119 102.2 6,262 84.1

1976 3,449 54.2 3,375 136.6 6,785 128.5 72,833 73.8 7,508 94.5 7,218 96.9

1977 4,105 64.5 3,485 141.1 7,714 146.1 78,730 79.7 7,553 95.1 8,663 116.3

1978 4,360 68.5 3,470 140.5 7,825 148.2 84,838 85.9 9,612 121.0 8,586 115.3

1979 4,020 63.2 3,399 137.6 7,688 145.6 84,860 86.0 9,978 125.6 7,708 103.5

1980 3,601 56.6 2,818 114.1 6,140 116.3 76,059 77.0 8,742 110.1 6,090 81.8

1981 3,522 55.3 2,118 85.7 6,105 115.6 71,901 72.8 8,446 106.3 5,059 67.9

1982 3,564 56.0 1,841 74.5 5,587 105.8 64,602 65.4 6,260 78.8 5,119 68.7

1983 4,560 71.6 2,398 97.1 7,303 138.3 70,849 71.8 6,276 79.0 6,218 83.5

1984 5,107 80.2 2,742 111.0 6,837 129.5 81,928 83.0 6,052 76.2 6,991 93.9

1985 5,292 83.1 2,724 110.3 6,300 119.3 84,779 85.9 6,407 80.7 6,605 88.7

1986 5,693 89.4 2,415 97.8 5,822 110.3 88,946 90.1 5,141 64.7 7,184 96.5

1987 6,042 94.9 2,388 96.7 5,458 103.4 90,458 91.6 5,619 70.7 7,601 102.1

1988 6,239 98.0 2,457 99.5 5,118 96.9 90,299 91.5 6,014 75.7 6,930 93.0

1989 4,920 77.3 2,621 106.1 5,196 98.4 89,081 90.2 7,041 88.6 7,494 100.6

1990 4,746 74.6 2,480 100.4 5,025 95.2 87,675 88.8 7,206 90.7 6,873 92.3

1991 4,654 73.1 2,332 94.4 4,895 92.7 78,058 79.1 7,112 89.5 5,975 80.2

1992 5,057 79.5 2,458 99.5 5,273 99.9 82,845 83.9 6,848 86.2 6,231 83.7

1993 5,656 88.9 2,435 98.6 5,248 99.4 86,388 87.5 6,755 85.0 6,655 89.4

1994 6,271 98.5 2,470 100.0 5,206 98.6 92,698 93.9 7,319 92.1 7,238 97.2

1995 5,828 91.6 2,470 100.0 4,930 93.4 93,392 94.6 6,988 88.0 6,665 89.5

1996 6,365 100.0 2,470 100.0 5,280 100.0 98,728 100.0 7,943 100.0 7,448 100.0

1997 6,691 105.1 2,470 100.0 4,501 85.2 99,812 101.1 7,546 95.0 7,576 101.7

1998 6,897 108.4 2,470 100.0 4,300 81.4 114,329 115.8 8,400 105.8 8,241 110.6

1999 7,315 114.9 2,470 100.0 4,386 83.1 120,024 121.6 8,800 110.8 8,932 119.9

2000 7,986 125.5 2,470 100.0 3,781 71.6 121,332 122.9 8,767 110.4 8,617 115.7

2001 7,224 113.5 2,470 100.0 3,322 62.9 124,736 126.3 9,188 115.7 7,955 106.8

2002r 7,200 113.1 2,470 100.0 2,919 55.3 121,279 122.8 8,869 111.7 8,110 108.9

2003 6,972 109.5 2,470 100.0 4,304 81.5 124,506 126.1 9,953 125.3 8,520 114.4

2004 7,608 119.5 2,470 100.0 3,880 73.5 133,110 134.8 10,011 126.0 9,389 126.1

2005r 7,322 115.0 2,470 100.0 4,347 82.3 140,420 142.2 9,208 115.9 9,419 126.5

2006 6,989 109.8 2,470 100.0 3,870 73.3 141,012 142.8 9,524 119.9 8,900 119.5

2007 6,345 99.7 2,470 100.0 3,312 62.7 127,261 128.9 10,150 127.8 7,237 97.2

2008 5,404 84.9 2,470 100.0 2,916 55.2 107,301 108.7 9,657 121.6 5,054 67.9

2009 4,671 73.4 2,470 100.0 2,226 42.2 78,819 79.8 9,657 121.6 3,586 48.1

2010 4,634 72.8 2,470 100.0 2,718 51.5 78,390 79.4 8,350 105.1 3,496 46.9

2011 4,671 73.4 2,470 100.0 2,520 444.0 80,827 81.9 7,379 4.0 N/A N/A

a

American Plywood Association (11,12, 13); Composite Panel Association (15); U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industrial Economics (74);

 Wood Technology (86); U.S. International Trade Commission (83, 84). 

b

Includes medium-density fiberboard.

c

U.S. Geological Survey (82).

d

American Iron & Steel Institute (8). Construction, including maintenance; Net shipments.

e

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (55, 57)

r

Revised.

 Steel productsd
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

40

Value Valuec Valuec

Standard unit Million Million Million

Product of measure Volume dollars Volume dollars Volume dollars

Logs:g,f,k Million board feet

 Softwoods 97.4 34.4 2,608.0 1,507.8 2,510.6 1,473.4

 Hardwoods 54.5 24.5 404.3 646.1 349.9 621.6

 Total 151.8 58.9 3,012.3 2,153.9 2,860.5 2,095.0

Lumber:g,e,m Million board feet

 Softwoods 9289 297.4 1,667.0 972.6 (7,622.0) 675.2

 Hardwoods 811.4 375.5 280.2 144.0 (531.2) (231.5)

 Railroad tiesf 4.7 4.3 0.3 131.0 (4.4) 126.8

 Total 10,105.1 677.2 1,947.5 1,247.6 (8,157.6) 570.5

Veneer: Million square feet

 Softwoodse,f 3/8" thickness 1,518.2 96.1 180.0 22.8 (1,338.2) (73.4)

 Hardwoodse,f,g 798.6 169.6 2,201.9 296.2 1,403.3 126.6

 Total 2,316.8 265.7 2,381.9 319.0 65.1 53.2

Plywood:e,f Million square feet

 Softwoods 3/8" thickness 271.0 194.2 413.5 156.4 142.5 (37.8)

 Hardwoods 3/8" thickness 2666.99 1,163.2 200.34 104.9 (2,466.7) (1,058.3)

 Total 2,938.0 1,357.4 613.8 261.3 (2,324.2) (1,096.1)

Particleboarde Million square feet

3/4" thickness 422.4 176.5 101.2 61.2 (321.2) (115.3)

Med. Dens. Fiberboarde Million square feet

3/4" thickness 92.6 550.8 306.5 542.5 213.9 (8.3)

OSB/Waferboarde Million square feet

3/8" thickness 2,898.7 514.7 306.7 78.5 (2,592.0) (436.2)

Hardboarde Million square feet

1/8" thickness assumed 697.4 102.8 796.5 76.8 99.0 (26.0)

Pulpwood: Thousand cords

 Roundg,f 70.4 4.0 307.4 37.1 237.0 33.0

 Chipsg 27.2 4.7 1,043.0 233.7 1,015.9 229.0

 Total 97.6 8.7 1,350.5 270.8 1,252.9 262.0

Wood pulpg Thousand short tons 6,117.0 3,830.0 9,068.0 5,719.0 2,951.0 1,889.0

Paper and board:g,h Thousand short tons

 Newsprint 2,512.0 1,464.0 930.0 535.0 (1,582.0) (929.0)

 Printing & Writing Paper 5,483.0 4,507.0 2,496.0 2,488.0 (2,987.0) (2,019.0)

 Paperboard 1,783.0 1,434.0 9,048.0 5,744.0 7,265.0 4,310.0

 Other paper & boardi 1,338.0 2,080.0 1,428.0 1,804.0 90.0 (276.0)

 Converted products 2,055.0 5,859.0 2,551.0 5,671.0 496.0 (188.0)

 Total 13,171.0 15,344.0 16,453.0 16,242.0 3,282.0 898.0

Recovered Paperg Thousand short tons 1,005.0 171.0 23,179.0 3,757.0 22,174.0 3,586.0

Other wood productsj -938.0 -914.2 23.8

 Total all productsk,f,l 22,119.6 29,815.3 7,695.7

a

Imports for consumption.

b

Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid 

 or payable for merchandise when sold for exportation to the U.S.,

 excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges.

c

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction

 price, including inland freight, insurance, and other charges.

d

Negative amounts, given in parentheses, indicate imports exceed exports.

e

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91).

f

U.S. International Trade Commission (84).

g

American Forest and Paper Association (3,4,5).

I

Includes tissue, packaging and industrial papers, wet machine board and construction paper & board

j

Includes poles and piling, fuelwood, wood charcoal, cork, wood containers

 wood doors, and other miscellaneous products. Does not include wood furniture nor printed material.

k

Includes pulpwood logs.

l

Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

mWestern Wood Products Association (86).

Table 13—Volume and value of imports and exports of timber products by product, 2011

Importsa Exports Trade Balanced
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

41

Table 14—Value of imports and exports of all commoditiesa and timber products,b 1965–2011

Million Million Million Million Propor- Million Million Million Million Propor-

 current 1997 current 1997 tione current 1997 current 1997 tione

Year dollars dollars f dollars dollars (%) dollars dollars dollars dollars (%)

1965 21,285 84,086 1,977 7,810 9.3 27,135 107,196 917 3,623 3.4

1966 25,360 97,175 2,165 8,296 8.5 29,884 114,510 1,024 3,924 3.4

1967 26,733 102,130 2,087 7,973 7.8 31,142 118,974 1,150 4,393 3.7

1968 32,970 123,011 2,446 9,126 7.4 33,953 126,678 1,362 5,082 4.0

1969 35,863 128,543 2,734 9,799 7.6 37,462 134,274 1,509 5,409 4.0

1970 39,756 137,476 2,546 8,804 6.4 42,590 147,276 1,816 6,280 4.3

1971 45,516 152,437 2,937 9,836 6.5 43,492 145,658 1,692 5,667 3.9

1972 55,290 177,261 3,632 11,644 6.6 48,887 156,733 2,038 6,534 4.2

1973 69,024 195,721 4,468 12,669 6.5 70,246 199,186 3,006 8,524 4.3

1974 100,140 238,839 4,778 11,396 4.8 97,144 231,693 4,165 9,934 4.3

1975 96,477 210,796 4,141 9,048 4.3 106,102 231,826 4,088 8,932 3.9

1976 121,121 252,947 5,590 11,674 4.6 113,319 236,653 4,695 9,805 4.1

1977 147,976 290,936 6,720 13,212 4.5 117,926 231,855 4,664 9,170 4.0

1978 172,912 315,645 8,028 14,655 4.6 141,126 257,621 4,963 9,060 3.5

1979 205,850 333,754 9,181 14,886 4.5 178,591 289,558 6,854 11,113 3.8

1980 239,943 340,944 8,648 12,288 3.6 216,592 307,763 8,516 12,101 3.9

1981 259,012 337,244 9,042 11,773 3.5 228,961 298,117 7,925 10,319 3.5

1982 242,340 309,226 8,382 10,695 3.5 207,158 264,334 7,151 9,125 3.5

1983 256,680 323,321 10,067 12,681 3.9 195,969 246,847 7,044 8,873 3.6

1984 322,949 397,380 12,235 15,055 3.8 212,056 260,929 7,210 8,872 3.4

1985 343,067 424,180 12,539 15,504 3.7 206,926 255,850 6,699 8,283 3.2

1986 368,251 468,950 13,271 16,900 3.6 206,628 263,131 7,692 9,795 3.7

1987 402,084 499,085 15,268 18,951 3.8 244,417 303,381 9,940 12,338 4.1

1988 437,475 522,187 16,749 19,992 3.8 310,333 370,426 12,782 15,257 4.1

1989 477,400 542,925 19,106 21,728 4.0 362,100 411,800 17,224 19,588 4.8

1990 498,300 546,716 18,806 20,633 3.8 389,300 427,125 18,542 20,344 4.8

1991 491,000 537,782 17,100 18,729 3.5 416,900 456,622 19,500 21,358 4.7

1992 536,500 584,108 18,700 20,359 3.5 440,400 479,480 20,700 22,537 4.7

1993 589,400 632,527 18,874 20,255 3.2 456,800 490,224 16,889 18,125 3.7

1994 668,600 708,583 17,117 18,141 2.6 502,400 532,444 15,320 16,236 3.0

1995 749,600 767,033 19,023 19,465 2.5 575,800 589,191 17,582 17,991 3.1

1996 803,300 802,671 21,264 21,247 2.6 612,000 611,521 18,315 18,301 3.0

1997 877,300 877,300 27,375 27,375 3.1 679,300 679,300 21,386 21,386 3.1

1998 918,800 942,435 28,684 29,422 3.1 670,600 687,850 19,261 19,757 2.9

1999 1,030,400 1,047,642 32,263 32,803 3.1 683,200 694,632 19,483 19,809 2.9

2000 1,224,400 1,177,343 34,300 32,982 2.8 772,000 742,330 21,760 20,924 2.8

2001 1,145,900 1,089,544 32,250 30,664 2.8 718,800 683,449 18,931 18,000 2.6

2002 1,166,900 1,135,747 32,348 31,484 2.8 682,600 664,377 18,739 18,238 2.7

2003 1,260,700 1,164,847 33,644 31,086 2.7 713,400 659,159 19,230 17,768 2.7

2004 1,472,900 1,281,132 42,042 36,568 2.9 807,500 702,365 21,136 18,384 2.6

2005 1,674,300 1,357,311 43,914 35,600 2.6 892,600 723,607 22,728 18,425 2.5

2006 1,875,100 1,451,837 42,860 33,186 2.3 1,039,400 804,778 24,700 19,125 2.4

2007 1,982,800 1,463,304 31,117.2 22,964 1.6 1,164,000 859,031 44,597.1 32,913 3.8

2008 2,137,600 1,438,596 27,960.8 18,818 1.3 1,307,500 879,942 26,082.3 17,553 2.0

2009 1,575,400 1,162,643 19,148.9 14,132 1.2 1,069,500 789,290 22,547.3 16,640 2.1

2010 1,934,600 1,336,518 21,456.0 14,823 1.1 1,288,700 890,298 27,205.0 18,795 2.1

2011 2,235,700 1,419,280 22,120 14,042 1.0 1,497,400 950,588 29,815.3 18,928 2.0

a

U.S. Council of Economic Advisors (42).

b

U.S. International Trade Commission (84); American Forest & Paper Association (3).

c

Imports for consumption. Customs value, which is generally defined as the price actually paid or payable for merchandise

 when sold for exportation to the United States, excluding U.S. import duties, freight, insurance, and other charges.

d

Value (free alongside ship) at U.S. ports of export, based on the transaction price, including inland freight, 

 insurance, and other charges.

e

Timber products as a percentage of all commodities.

f

Converted to 1997 dollars by dividing current dollars by the implicit deflators for gross domestic product

 for imports and exports.

Exportsd Importsc

Timber products

All commodities Total

Timber products

All commodities Total
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

42Table 15—Foreign exchange rates by selected country and year, 1975–2011

Country Currency 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1990 1985 1980 1975

North America

Canada Dollar 0.9995 0.9887 1.0298 1.1412 1.066 1.0734 1.134 1.2115 1.3017 1.4008 1.5704 1.5487 1.4855 1.4858 1.4836 1.3849 1.3638 1.3725 1.3664 1.2902 1.1668 1.3658 1.1693 1.0173

Asia

China, PR Yuan 6.3093 6.463 6.7696 6.8307 6.9477 7.6058 7.9723 8.1936 8.2768 8.277 8.277 8.277 8.2784 8.2781 8.3008 8.3193 8.3389 8.37 8.6404 5.7795 4.7921 2.9434 z z

Hong Kong Dollar 7.7569 7.7841 7.7687 7.7514 7.7862 7.8016 7.7681 7.7775 7.7891 7.7875 7.7997 7.7997 7.7924 7.7594 7.7467 7.7431 7.7345 7.7357 7.729 7.7357 7.7899 7.7911 z zIndia Rupee 53.37 46.58 45.65 48.33 43.39 41.18 45.19 44 45.26 46.59 48.63 47.22 45.00 43.13 41.36 36.365 35.506 32.418 31.394 31.291 17.492 12.332 7.8866 8.3854

Japan Yen 79.82 79.7 87.78 93.68 103.39 117.76 116.31 110.11 108.15 115.94 125.22 121.57 107.8 113.73 130.99 121.06 108.78 93.96 102.18 111.08 145 238.47 226.63 296.69

Malaysia Ringgit 3.0862 3.0564 3.2175 3.5231 3.3292 3.4354 3.6661 3.7869 3.8 3.8000 3.8000 3.8000 3.8000 3.8000 3.9254 2.8173 2.5154 2.5073 2.6237 2.5738 2.7057 2.4806 2.1767 2.395Singapore Dollar 1.2492 1.2565 1.3629 1.4543 1.414 1.5065 1.5882 1.6639 1.6902 1.743 1.791 1.793 1.7250 1.6951 1.6722 1.4857 1.41 1.4171 1.5275 1.6158 1.8134 2.2008 z z

South Korea Won 1126.16 1106.94 1155.74 1274.63 1098.71 928.97 954.32 1023.75 1145.24 1192.08 1250.31 1292.01 1,130.90 1,189.84 950.77 950.77 805 772.69 806.93 805.75 710.64 861.89 z zSri Lanka Rupee 127.539 110.469 112.99 114.909 108.298 110.62 103.94 100.383 101.268 96.541 95.773 89.602 76.964 70.868 59.026 59.026 55.289 51.047 49.17 48.211 40.078 27.187 16.167 6.95

Taiwan Dollar 29.558 29.382 31.498 33.02 31.521 32.852 32.506 32.131 33.372 34.405 34.536 33.824 31.260 32.322 33.547 28.775 27.468 26.495 26.465 26.416 26.918 39.889 z z

Thailand Baht 31.055 30.462 31.7 34.31 32.962 32.203 37.876 40.252 40.271 41.556 43.019 44.532 40.210 37.887 41.262 31.072 25.359 24.921 25.161 25.333 25.609 27.193 z z

Africa

South Africa Rand 8.2014 7.251 7.3161 8.4117 8.248 7.0477 6.7668 6.3606 6.4402 7.5550 10.5176 8.6093 6.9468 6.1191 5.5417 4.6072 4.3011 3.6284 3.5526 3.2729 2.5885 2.2343 0.778 0.7328

Europe

Austria Schilling 17.69475554 19.16989186 18.24753383 19.1750 20.263 18.867 17.287 17.130 17.115 15.578 13.009 12.318 12.704 14.659 12.379 12.206 10.589 10.076 11.409 11.639 11.331 20.676 12.945 17.401Belgium Franc 51.87307741 56.19751469 53.5731139 56.2137 59.405 55.310 50.679 50.219 50.175 45.669 38.137 36.112 37.242 42.974 36.31 35.807 30.968 29.472 33.426 34.581 33.424 59.336 29.237 36.694Denmark Krone 5.7922 5.3535 5.6266 5.3574 5.0885 5.4413 5.9422 5.9953 5.9891 6.5774 7.8862 8.3323 8.0953 6.9900 6.703 6.6092 5.8003 5.5999 6.3561 6.4863 6.1899 10.598 5.6345 5.7351European Union Euro 1.2859 1.3931 1.3261 1.3935 1.4726 1.3711 1.2563 1.2449 1.2438 1.1321 0.9454 0.8952 0.9232 1.0653 z z z z z z z zz z

Finland Markka 7.645614207 8.282996463 7.884632553 8.2854 8.7557 8.1522 7.4696 7.4018 7.3953 6.7312 5.6211 5.3226 5.4891 6.3340 5.3473 5.1956 4.5948 4.3763 5.234 5.7251 3.83 6.1971 3.7206 3.6651France Franc 9.138136967 8.698645777 9.140760795 9.1408 9.6596 8.9938 8.2408 8.1660 8.1588 7.4261 6.2014 5.8721 6.0558 6.9879 5.8995 5.8393 5.1158 4.9864 5.5459 5.6669 5.4467 8.9799 4.225 4.2819Germany Deutsche mark 2.515001797 2.724666773 2.593626163 2.7254 2.8802 2.6816 2.4571 2.4348 2.4327 2.2142 1.8490 1.7509 1.8056 2.0835 1.7597 1.7348 1.5049 1.4321 1.6216 1.6545 1.6166 2.9419 1.8175 2.4553Greece Drachma z z z z z z z zzz z z 365.92 306.30 295.7 273.28 240.82 231.68 242.5 229.64 158.59 138.4 z zIreland Poundb 1.012728548 1.097155408 1.04438862 1.0975 1.1598 1.0798 0.9894 0.9804 0.9796 0.8916 0.7446 0.7050 0.7271 0.8390 142.48 151.63 159.95 160.35 149.69 146.47 165.76 106.62 205.77 222.16

Italy Lira 2524.568893 2735.031437 2603.492347 2,698.19 2,851.35 2,654.82 2,432.54 2,410.46 2,408.33 2,192.05 1,830.55 1,733.35 1,787.56 2,062.71 1736.85 1703.81 1542.76 1629.45 1,611.49 1,573.41 1,198.27 1,908.90 856.2 652.4Netherlands Guilder 2.833750689 3.069988401 2.922339831 3.0709 3.2452 3.0215 2.7685 2.7434 2.7410 2.4948 2.0834 1.9728 2.0345 2.3476 1.9837 1.9525 1.6863 1.6044 1.819 1.8585 1.8215 3.3184 1.9875 2.5232Norway Krone 5.8181 5.6022 6.0451 6.2908 5.6365 5.8557 6.4095 6.4412 6.7399 7.0803 7.9839 8.9964 8.8131 7.8017 7.5521 7.0857 6.4594 6.3355 7.0553 7.1009 6.2541 8.5933 4.9381 5.2137Portugal Escudo 257.7998038 279.2914742 265.8591802 279.37 295.23 274.88 251.87 249.58 249.36 226.97 189.54 179.47 185.08 213.57 180.25 175.44 154.28 149.88 165.93 161.08 142.7 172.07 50.082 25.454Spain Peseta 213.9557574 231.7923366 220.6444746 231.86 245.02 228.13 209.03 207.13 206.95 188.37 157.30 148.95 153.61 177.25 149.41 146.53 124.64 126.68 133.88 127.48 101.96 169.98 71.758 57.393Sweden Krona 6.7721 6.4878 7.2053 7.6539 6.5846 6.755 7.3718 7.471 7.348 8.0787 9.7233 10.3425 9.1735 8.2740 7.9522 7.6446 6.7082 7.1406 7.7161 7.7956 5.9231 8.6031 4.2309 4.1424Switzerland Franc 0.9377 0.8862 1.0432 1.0860 1.0816 1.1999 1.2532 1.2459 1.2428 1.3450 1.5567 1.6891 1.6904 1.5045 1.4506 1.4514 1.2361 1.1812 1.3667 1.4781 1.3901 2.4551 1.6772 2.5811United Kingdom Poundb 1.5853 1.6043 1.5452 1.5661 185.45 200.2 184.34 182.04 183.3 163.47 150.25 143.96 151.56 161.72 165.73 163.76 156.07 157.85 153.19 150.16 178.41 129.74 232.58 222.16

Other

Australia Dollarb 1.0359 1.0332 0.92 0.7927 85.37 83.91 75.35 76.27 73.65 65.24 54.37 51.69 58.15 64.54 62.91 74.368 78.283 74.073 73.161 67.993 78.069 70.026 114 130.77New Zealand Dollarb 0.8105 0.792 0.7216 0.6358 71.51 73.65 64.92 70.49 66.43 58.22 46.45 42.02 45.68 52.94 53.61 66.247 68.765 65.625 59.358 54.127 59.619 49.752 97.34 121.16

Index

United States Dollarc,d 73.5 70.88 75.39 77.69 74.42 77.84 82.46 83.78 85.37 93 103.09 104.32 98.32 94.07 98.85 96.38 87.34 84.25 91.32 93.18 89.09 143.01 87.39 98.5

aU.S. Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors (80, 81).bValue in U.S. cents.cIndex of weighted-average exchange value of U.S. dollar against the currencies of ten industrial countries. 

 The weight for each of the ten countries is the 1972–1976 average world trade of that country divided by the average world trade of all ten countries combined. Series revised as of August 1978.

dData prior to 1999 was reported using the G-10 index. Data for 1999 and later is reported using the major currency scale.zNot available

Foreign currency units per U.S. dollar
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

43

Philippine Birch

mahogany and

Year Total Softwoodsb Total Mahogany or lauan maple Other

1965 68.1 13.5 54.6 12.8 11.0 6.2 24.6

1966 95.6 42.5 53.1 16.1 2.8 6.3 27.9

1967 77.0 33.9 43.1 10.5 4.6 6.6 21.4

1968 79.0 33.1 45.9 8.5 1.9 6.5 29.0

1969 81.9 41.7 40.2 6.5 3.1 7.6 23.0

1970 144.4 106.5 37.9 6.8 0.7 8.2 22.2

1971 84.0 55.7 28.3 3.3 0.2 8.7 16.1

1972 39.3 11.3 28.0 3.6 0.7 7.9 15.8

1973 33.5 8.5 25.0 2.1 3.2 9.2 10.5

1974 76.6 45.6 31.0 3.4 0.9 12.3 14.4

1975 85.5 68.5 17.0 1.6 0.3 7.2 7.9

1976 81.6 67.4 14.2 1.2 0.6 8.7 3.7

1977 154.5 139.5 15.0 2.4 0.5 8.9 3.2

1978 96.9 79.1 17.8 1.5 f 9.1 7.2

1979 133.0 118.4 14.6 1.1 0.3 8.4 4.8

1980 127.5 114.1 13.4 1.0 f 7.4 5.0

1981 101.1 87.6 13.5 0.6 f 8.7 4.2

1982 117.1 98.8 18.3 0.8 f 10.2 7.3

1983 165.0 142.5 22.5 0.3 0.3 5.1 16.8

1984 146.9 116.8 30.1 0.5 0.3 4.4 24.9

1985 99.2 70.8 28.4 0.3 0.3 2.9 24.9

1986 78.6 52.1 26.4 1.3 1.6 3.0 20.5

1987 82.5 68.7 13.8 0.3 0.3 3.8 9.4

1988 68.1 55.9 12.2 1.7 f 3.8 6.7

1989 39.3 20.9 18.4 0.8 0.1 6.7 10.8

1990 23.1 12.9 10.2 1.1 f 3.7 5.4

1991 13.6 7.6 6.0 0.9 f 2.6 2.5

1992 43.4 36.8 6.6 0.7 0.1 4.4 1.4

1993 93.9 85.7 8.2 1.1 f 3.9 3.2

1994 110.4 94.3 16.0 1.3 f 6.3 8.4

1995 80.4 54.5 25.9 1.6 0.3 6.6 17.4

1996 115.0 83.6 31.4 1.7 0.3 11.8 17.7

1997 127.6 84.1 43.5 2.3 0.3 8.1 32.8

1998 185.3 146.9 38.4 2.3 0.3 8.7 27.0

1999 294.3 254.3 40.0 2.3 0.3 10.1 27.3

2000 449.6 390.4 59.2 2.3 0.3 9.4 47.2

2001 458.9 399.0 59.9 2.3 0.3 7.6 49.6

2002 536.7 466.0 70.7 2.3 0.3 12.6 55.5

2003 497.4 430.8 66.6 2.3 0.3 5.3 58.7

2004 453.5 388.7 64.8 2.3 0.3 7.3 54.9

2005 704.0 609.4 94.5 2.3 0.3 11.5 80.4

2006 585.4 529.7 55.7 2.3 0.3 9.1 44.1

2007 417.7 387.7 30.0 2.3 0.3 5.0 22.4

2008 219.8 186.9 32.9 2.3 0.3 5.1 25.3

2009 177.5 89.9 87.6 2.3 0.3 5.5 79.5

2010 198.9 98.5 100.4 2.3 0.3 8.4 89.3

2011 187.7 90.7 97.0 2.3 0.3 6.7 87.7

a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (67, 72); U.S. Department of Agri-

 culture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91); U.S. International Trade Commission (83, 84);

 American Forest & Paper Association (4).

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

Western Wood Products Association 1965–1999(86). c

Prior to 2000, pulpwood logs are not included in logs.

f

Fewer than 50,000 board feet.

Table 16—Log imports by major species, 1965–2011 (million board feet, log scale)a,c

Hardwoods
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

44

Table 17—Log imports by major region of origin, 1965–2011

 (million board feet, log scale)a,e

Mexico and

Central South

Year Total Canadab Americac America Africa Asia Otherd

1965 68.1 20.3 3.4 18.0 14.1 11.7 0.6

1966 95.6 49.4 3.7 21.3 17.4 3.6 0.2

1967 77.0 40.6 3.0 18.3 9.7 4.9 0.5

1968 79.0 39.9 3.1 26.8 6.8 2.1 0.3

1969 81.9 49.5 2.1 18.3 8.3 3.5 0.2

1970 144.4 114.9 2.3 17.6 8.3 1.0 0.3

1971 84.0 64.6 2.2 13.1 3.2 0.9 f

1972 39.3 17.3 2.6 13.9 3.8 1.4 0.3

1973 33.5 17.8 3.0 2.9 4.8 4.8 0.2

1974 76.6 57.0 z 1.3 4.0 9.1 5.2

1975 85.5 80.3 0.3 z 1.4 0.1 3.4

1976 81.6 78.0 z z 1.3 0.7 1.6

1977 154.5 150.5 z z 2.5 0.6 0.9

1978 96.9 85.9 0.4 5.5 4.1 0.5 0.5

1979 133.0 111.2 0.2 17.4 1.5 1.1 1.6

1980 127.5 121.4 0.2 f 1.3 0.2 4.4

1981 101.1 94.4 0.4 f 0.7 0.6 5.0

1982 117.1 115.4 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.4 0.1

1983 165.0 161.5 1.0 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.4

1984 146.9 143.1 0.2 0.1 0.7 1.8 1.0

1985 99.2 81.1 0.1 0.5 3.2 13.9 0.4

1986 78.6 61.1 0.1 0.2 1.2 5.4 10.6

1987 82.5 75.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.1 4.1

1988 68.1 62.6 0.4 0.2 1.4 2.6 0.9

1989 39.3 20.0 2.3 0.7 2.1 8.1 6.1

1990 23.1 19.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.6

1991 13.6 9.0 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.1 2.6

1992 43.4 40.7 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.5

1993 93.9 89.3 f 0.2 0.4 0.6 3.4

1994 110.4 85.0 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 22.3

1995 80.4 56.3 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.1 21.3

1996 115.0 94.6 2.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 17.3

1997 127.6 105.7 1.7 1.2 0.1 0.1 18.8

1998 185.3 168.4 0.5 1.2 0.1 0.2 14.9

1999r 294.3 280.3 0.6 1.8 0.3 1.3 9.9

2000 449.6 426.2 0.5 4.6 2.6 0.3 15.4

2001 458.9 445.0 0.7 3.9 0.2 0.8 8.2

2002 536.7 521.4 4.2 3.1 0.2 0.2 7.5

2003 497.4 486.7 0.9 3.8 0.1 0.8 5.2

2004 453.5 446.8 0.5 2.0 0.3 0.5 3.4

2005 704.0 605.0 0.9 3.5 0.2 1.5 92.8

2006 585.4 495.0 0.9 8.6 0.7 0.9 79.3

2007 417.7 380.0 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.3 34.1

2008 219.8 186.0 4.9 0.4 0.2 1.6 26.7

2009 177.5 89.0 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.9 86.5

2010 198.9 90.0 0.4 1.4 0.1 1.4 105.5

2011 187.7 84.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.8 102.5

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (45); U.S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91); Western Wood Products 

 Association (86); U.S. International Trade Commission (84).

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

American Forest & Paper Association 1965–1999 (2).

c

Includes the West Indies.

d

For the years 1974–1977, all imports with a value of less than $500

 are included in Other.

e

Prior to 2000, pulpwood logs are not included in logs.

f

Fewer than 50,000 board feet.

r

Revised.

z

Not available.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

45

Port-Orford- Western

Year Total Totalb Douglas-firc cedarc hemlockc Other Totalb Walnutc Other

1965 1,195.0 1,113.6 111.3 39.1 d 963.2 81.4 23.6 57.8

1966 1,391.2 1,315.7 130.5 41.2 d 1,144.0 75.5 12.5 63.0

1967 1,972.1 1,875.1 269.5 34.6 d 1,571.0 97.0 16.1 80.9

1968 2,568.1 2,473.2 396.5 38.4 d 2,038.3 94.9 21.8 73.1

1969 2,396.5 2,316.3 380.6 40.7 d 1,895.0 80.2 20.6 59.6

1970 2,740.9 2,672.0 487.0 54.1 1,436.7 694.2 68.9 17.4 51.5

1971 2,288.8 2,229.8 444.5 40.2 1,214.8 530.3 59.0 12.9 46.1

1972 3,141.4 3,047.5 766.5 46.1 1,450.7 784.2 93.9 15.5 78.4

1973 3,366.1 3,252.2 973.0 29.7 1,469.0 780.5 113.9 15.7 98.2

1974 2,642.4 2,523.7 752.7 35.6 1,244.6 490.8 118.7 7.8 110.9

1975 2,666.9 2,600.6 820.4 38.7 1,169.5 572.0 66.3 8.5 57.8

1976 3,250.0 3,155.7 1,022.4 38.4 1,365.7 729.2 94.3 7.4 86.9

1977 3,069.7 2,980.0 1,007.2 20.7 1,306.8 645.3 89.7 7.6 82.1

1978 3,409.2 3,298.4 1,192.2 29.2 1,443.6 633.4 110.8 8.8 102.0

1979 3,897.0 3,768.2 1,351.0 24.6 1,593.7 799.0 128.8 6.8 122.0

1980 3,260.9 3,109.1 1,272.4 14.0 1,183.1 639.6 151.8 9.4 142.4

1981 2,534.2 2,377.1 1,026.9 16.9 867.5 465.8 157.1 7.7 149.5

1982 3,208.1 3,115.0 1,446.5 12.4 1,124.9 531.2 93.2 4.7 88.4

1983 3,502.1 3,390.6 1,616.4 9.5 1,147.5 617.3 111.5 4.6 106.9

1984 3,494.9 3,369.4 1,588.5 13.0 1,120.0 647.9 125.6 5.5 120.0

1985 3,843.2 3,732.0 1,785.5 14.8 1,304.7 626.9 111.2 5.5 105.7

1986 3,655.6 3,516.0 1,625.8 13.4 1,246.3 630.5 139.7 5.6 134.0

1987 4,109.2 3,959.9 1,864.8 12.7 1,385.3 697.1 149.3 6.2 143.1

1988 4,798.1 4,594.4 2,311.2 19.8 1,435.5 827.9 203.7 8.0 195.7

1989 4,706.0 4,492.7 2,064.2 13.8 1,611.8 802.9 213.3 13.7 199.6

1990 4,213.1 3,993.6 1,891.7 11.0 1,193.7 897.1 219.5 13.6 205.9

1991 3,761.0 3,477.7 1,608.7 9.3 1,049.0 810.8 283.3 11.6 271.7

1992 3,278.8 3,054.8 1,402.9 10.3 890.3 751.3 224.0 12.4 211.6

1993 2,876.4 2,639.2 1,186.6 4.2 673.5 774.9 237.1 9.4 227.7

1994 2,683.6 2,419.7 1,174.9 4.1 535.3 705.4 263.8 11.2 252.6

1995 2,820.0 2,552.1 1,128.2 2.3 660.7 760.9 267.9 7.6 260.3

1996 2,635.7 2,382.4 1,214.8 2.3 486.2 679.1 253.3 6.1 247.2

1997 2,398.0 2,078.0 808.3 2.9 419.5 847.3 320.0 6.4 313.6

1998 1,977.8 1,646.2 732.1 0.7 175.1 738.3 331.5 7.3 324.2

1999 2,038.2 1,665.1 672.7 1.1 222.2 769.1 373.1 8.0 365.1

2000 2,638.3 2,065.8 674.1 0.9 186.1 1,204.8 572.5 11.4 561.2

2001 2,519.2 1,921.0 555.3 0.4 155.3 1,210.0 598.2 13.1 585.1

2002 2,428.5 1,744.9 535.0 0.7 121.6 1,087.7 683.6 17.8 665.8

2003 2,224.4 1,636.8 495.6 0.9 123.6 1,016.7 587.6 19.2 568.4

2004 2,286.5 1,597.6 543.3 0.2 91.5 962.6 688.9 22.5 666.4

2005 2,157.3 1,606.9 476.2 0.4 76.8 1,053.5 550.4 24.7 525.6

2006 2,117.5 1,630.7 460.0 0.3 76.5 1,093.9 486.8 28.5 458.4

2007 2,188.8 1,675.5 476.6 0.2 119.5 1,079.2 513.3 41.6 471.6

2008 1,959.0 1,523.6 512.3 0.1 146.6 864.6 435.4 30.0 405.4

2009 2,013.5 1,644.3 664.2 0.0 189.2 790.9 369.2 16.7 352.5

2010 2,541.8 2,073.6 635.1 0.0 371.0 1,067.5 468.2 28.0 440.2

2011 3,030.7 2,622.0 1,035.3 0.0 517.8 1,068.8 408.7 30.4 378.2

a

Prior to 2000, pulpwood logs are not included in logs.

b

American Forest and Paper Association 1965–1999 (4); U.S. International Trade Commission 2000–present (81). c

U.S. International Trade Commission (84). 

d

Western hemlock is included in Other.

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

Table 18—Log exports by major species, 1965–2011 (million board feet, Scribner log scale) a

Softwoods Hardwoods
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

46

European South

Year Total Canada Unionb Japan Korea China Other

1965 1,195.0 355.1 29.4 804.4 2.8 d 3.3

1966 1,391.2 266.1 17.2 1,081.4 25.2 d 1.3

1967 1,972.1 335.5 20.5 1,585.5 29.9 d 0.7

1968 2,568.1 341.8 28.7 2,119.2 75.1 d 3.3

1969 2,396.5 324.6 29.6 2,007.3 32.2 d 2.8

1970 2,740.9 291.8 23.1 2,366.1 48.2 d 11.7

1971 2,288.8 339.9 20.5 1,847.1 73.9 d 7.4

1972 3,141.4 519.1 31.9 2,528.0 53.8 d 8.6

1973 3,366.1 417.8 41.5 2,779.5 113.7 d 13.6

1974 2,642.4 332.3 39.1 2,114.2 149.2 d 7.6

1975 2,666.9 277.6 35.3 2,256.4 86.4 d 11.2

1976 3,250.0 362.5 48.6 2,675.1 150.5 d 13.3

1977 3,069.7 350.0 46.0 2,460.1 203.3 d 10.3

1978 3,409.2 368.5 57.5 2,646.1 321.8 d 15.3

1979 3,897.0 407.6 65.4 3,149.1 258.9 d 16.0

1980 3,260.9 317.8 90.4 2,544.2 201.7 87.8 19.0

1981 2,534.2 247.4 56.1 1,774.2 151.6 222.4 82.5

1982 3,208.1 302.5 47.8 1,978.7 277.7 547.0 54.4

1983 3,502.1 347.1 57.4 2,028.0 320.9 723.2 25.6

1984 3,494.9 421.2 52.6 1,759.8 289.1 866.6 105.7

1985 3,843.2 445.4 39.1 1,899.1 327.5 1069.0 63.1

1986 3,655.6 450.0 76.7 2,089.4 364.5 615.4 59.6

1987 4,109.2 421.4 62.6 2,397.2 492.5 579.3 156.3

1988 4,798.1 378.9 78.8 2,415.6 612.0 1121.4 191.4

1989 4,706.0 272.7 93.6 2,992.7 761.5 454.3 131.2

1990 4,213.1 395.8 69.2 2,626.2 619.2 361.9 140.8

1991 3,761.0 423.6 53.4 2,126.8 624.7 371.8 160.8

1992 3,278.8 415.0 44.2 2,043.0 416.6 236.9 123.1

1993 2,876.4 389.9 41.1 1,881.9 303.1 131.3 129.1

1994 2,683.6 435.1 56.8 1,821.6 206.1 75.0 89.0

1995 2,820.0 715.7 47.5 1,728.3 235.2 20.2 73.1

1996 2,635.7 518.0 32.1 1,807.5 200.3 15.9 61.9

1997 2,398.0 711.0 42.1 1,347.7 205.6 18.2 73.4

1998 1,977.8 778.5 47.1 1,004.0 61.9 17.8 68.5

1999 2,038.2 787.8 48.2 998.3 130.1 7.8 66.1

2000 2,638.3 1,349.6 117.7 934.1 137.3 21.5 78.2

2001 2,519.2 1,453.9 78.0 745.7 129.6 29.5 82.5

2002 2,428.5 1,362.2 58.1 676.0 136.8 45.0 150.4

2003 2,224.4 1,194.6 75.5 649.7 168.7 40.0 95.8

2004 2,286.5 1,110.3 72.6 642.2 157.2 74.4 229.8

2005 2,157.3 1,168.0 66.8 573.5 174.6 93.8 80.5

2006 2,117.5 1,100.9 73.9 559.6 207.9 104.3 71.0

2007 2,188.8 944.8 118.5 566.7 273.4 149.7 135.7

2008 1,959.0 671.0 117.8 658.1 344.2 168.5 - 0.8

2009 2,013.5 875.8 76.5 435.0 298.1 270.4 57.7

2010 2,541.8 835.4 81.0 424.7 290.0 780.1 130.7

2011 3,030.7 718.7 73.6 457.7 283.4 1383.9 113.5

a

U.S. International Trade Commission (84). Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

European Union includes Austria, Belguim–Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland, France,

 Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and UK. 

c

Prior to 2000, pulpwood logs are not included in logs.

d Fewer than 50,000 board feet. 

Table 19—Log exports by major region of destination, 1965–2012

(million board feet, Scribner log scale) a,c
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

47

Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997

Year dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars

1965 42.6 131.9 31.7 98.1 19.8 61.3 19.1 59.1 25.0 77.4 21.3 65.9 z z

1966 50.0 150.2 38.6 115.9 19.8 59.5 20.5 61.6 29.3 88.0 23.2 69.7 z z

1967 41.7 124.9 38.3 114.7 22.2 66.5 21.8 65.3 27.0 80.8 16.8 50.3 z z

1968 61.2 178.9 42.2 123.4 30.2 88.3 35.6 104.1 23.6 69.0 17.3 50.6 z z

1969 82.2 230.9 51.7 145.2 71.0 199.4 45.1 126.7 30.2 84.8 28.2 79.2 z z

1970 41.9 113.6 44.1 119.5 32.1 87.0 20.5 55.6 26.9 72.9 26.6 72.1 z z

1971 49.0 128.6 52.2 137.0 37.6 98.7 20.6 54.1 24.6 64.6 21.2 55.6 z z

1972 71.7 180.2 65.6 164.8 65.8 165.3 49.0 123.1 34.3 86.2 26.6 66.8 z z

1973 138.1 306.9 93.4 207.6 92.3 205.1 99.2 220.4 46.0 102.2 43.6 96.9 93.6 208.0

1974 202.4 378.3 76.2 142.4 100.6 188.0 110.8 207.1 45.9 85.8 54.7 102.2 75.9 141.9

1975 169.5 290.2 57.0 97.6 71.2 121.9 68.8 117.8 33.9 58.0 29.7 50.9 42.1 72.1

1976 176.2 288.4 87.0 142.4 101.8 166.6 79.7 130.4 34.9 57.1 43.4 71.0 27.7 45.3

1977 225.9 348.1 100.3 154.5 131.4 202.5 89.3 137.6 37.9 58.4 60.0 92.4 47.4 73.0

1978 250.3 358.1 134.5 192.4 164.7 235.6 113.6 162.5 41.1 58.8 59.2 84.7 60.5 86.6

1979 394.4 501.1 155.2 197.2 239.0 303.7 200.8 255.1 46.8 59.5 68.8 87.4 68.9 87.5

1980 432.2 481.3 155.4 173.1 206.1 229.5 212.7 236.9 52.4 58.4 65.6 73.1 70.1 78.1

1981 350.2 357.3 172.0 175.5 195.2 199.2 163.4 166.7 50.9 51.9 63.2 64.5 67.8 69.2

1982 118.2 118.2 127.2 127.2 66.9 66.9 44.5 44.5 56.4 56.4 70.8 70.8 71.1 71.1

1983 161.6 159.5 140.6 138.8 104.0 102.7 62.2 61.4 60.1 59.3 87.9 86.8 55.1 54.4

1984 132.9 128.2 139.4 134.4 122.7 118.3 61.8 59.6 90.1 86.9 145.0 139.8 80.5 77.6

1985 126.2 122.3 90.7 87.9 101.4 98.3 50.5 48.9 65.4 63.4 94.5 91.6 70.0 67.8

1986 160.7 160.4 103.6 103.4 156.6 156.3 74.7 74.6 69.9 69.8 108.1 107.9 66.2 66.1

1987 190.2 185.0 135.7 132.0 209.3 203.6 105.4 102.5 88.1 85.7 146.8 142.8 80.5 78.3

1988 256.0 239.5 141.9 132.7 182.1 170.3 162.9 152.4 151.3 141.5 146.3 136.9 108.4 101.4

1989 389.8 347.4 313.4 279.3 292.0 260.2 223.3 199.0 135.8 121.0 178.9 159.4 128.6 114.6

1990 466.4 401.0 126.7 108.9 252.2 216.9 203.0 174.5 146.1 125.6 188.3 161.9 135.3 116.3

1991 395.0 339.1 166.1 142.6 237.6 203.9 164.1 140.9 160.1 137.4 163.6 140.4 120.7 103.6

1992 477.2 407.2 198.4 169.3 292.3 249.4 164.6 140.4 166.6 142.2 211.2 180.2 144.6 123.4

1993 317.8 267.3 217.2 182.7 535.2 450.1 363.7 305.9 264.1 222.1 194.6 163.7 219.5 184.6

1994 652.4 541.9 265.9 220.8 291.4 242.0 334.8 278.1 352.1 292.4 317.4 263.6 313.4 260.3

1995 453.5 363.7 248.5 199.3 149.9 120.2 297.1 238.3 313.9 251.7 296.6 237.8 285.6 229.0

1996 453.0 354.8 251.1 196.6 270.0 211.4 289.3 226.5 312.6 244.8 264.4 207.1 213.2 167.0

1997 331.4 259.7 307.3 240.8 270.2 211.8 211.3 165.6 286.9 224.8 264.5 207.3 357.1 279.9

1998 254.2 204.4 287.8 231.4 204.9 164.7 161.4 129.8 240.9 193.6 270.2 217.2 394.8 317.4

1999 314.7 250.7 268.5 214.0 181.0 144.2 95.7 76.2 195.1 155.5 317.4 252.9 448.1 357.0

2000 433.4 326.6 258.1 194.5 154.6 116.5 46.1 34.8 368.6 277.8 265.6 200.2 445.8 335.9

2001 255.4 190.3 153.5 114.4 115.5 86.0 34.0 25.3 530.5 395.3 326.4 243.2 587.2 437.6

2002 184.8 141.0 166.4 126.9 117.8 89.8 73.2 55.8 382.0 291.4 273.8 208.8 485.0 369.9

2003 193.2 139.9 163.6 118.5 111.2 80.5 86.0 62.3 284.8 206.3 303.7 219.9 560.2 405.6

2004 93.1 63.5 183.0 124.7 65.4 44.6 63.2 43.1 427.2 291.2 291.2 198.5 618.0 421.3

2005 320.5 203.6 192.8 122.5 103.3 65.7 70.1 44.5 415.1 263.7 329.2 209.2 648.0 411.7

2006 z z 112.5 68.2 39.2 23.8 101.1 61.3 275.3 167.1 180.3 109.4 533.3 323.6

2007 z z 176.4 102.0 60.9 35.2 26.3 15.2 276.6 160.0 220.4 127.4 361.6 209.1

2008 z z 152.7 80.5 33.5 17.7 19.7 10.4 198.3 104.6 156.3 82.4 479.6 253.0

2009 zz zz zz 24.0 13.9 171.4 99.1 119.5 69.1 275.0 159.0

2010 zz zz zz 65.9 35.7 118.8 64.3 214.3 116.0 432.5 234.2

2011 zz zz zz 83.3 41.4 105.3 52.4 370.8 184.5 504.3 250.9

2012 zz zz zz 88.7 43.9 94.1 46.5 389.2 192.5 491.7 243.2

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (46,52,92). Forest Service National Forest prices in this table are for timber sold on a Scribner Decimal C log rule basis, 

 except in the Northeastern states where International 1/4-in. log rule is used. Prices include KV payments and exclude timber sold by land exchanges and from land utilization 

 project lands. Data for the years 1965 to 1983 are statistical high bid prices. Data from 1984 to April 1999 are high bid prices that include specified road costs. After April 1999, it no

 longer included specific road costs. 1997 dollars derived by dividing the price in current dollars by the Bureau of Labor Statistics producer price index for all commodities (1997 = 100).

b

Western Washington and western Oregon.

c

Southern Region.

d

Pacific Southwest Region (prior to January 1979 called the California Region); Includes Jeffrey pine.

e

Pacific Northwest Region.

f

Eastern and Southern Regions. g

Eastern Region.

z

Not available.

Sugar mapleg

Hardwoods

Table 20—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold from National Forests, by selected species, 1965–2012 (dollars per thousand board feet)a

Softwoods

Douglas-firb Southern pinec Ponderosa pined Western hemlocke All eastern hardwoodsf Oak white, red, and black
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

48

Table 21—Volume and value of sawtimber stumpage sold from National Forests, by selected species and region, 2011a

Average Average

price per price per

Volumec Valued thousand Volume Value thousand

Thousand Thousand board feet Thousand Thousand board feet

Species and regionb board feet dollars Dollars Species and region board feet dollars Dollars

SOFTWOODS, WESTERN SOFTWOODS, WESTERN—Con.

 Cedar Fir—Con.

 Alaska cedar: True fir:

 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00 Rocky Mountain 2 404 2.7 6.73

 Alaska 10 63 631.0 10,015.87 Southwestern 3 640 5.0 7.79

 Total 63 631.0 10,015.87 Pacific Southwest 5 0 0.0 0.00

 Incense cedar: Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00

 Pacific Southwest 5 141 4,191.0 29,723.40 Total 1,044 7.7 7.38

 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00 Hemlock

 Total 141 4,191.0 29,723.40 Mountain hemlock:

 Port-Orford-cedar: Pacific Southwest 5 0 0.0 0.00

 Pacific Southwest 5 0 0.0 0.00 Pacific Northwest 6 2,353 208.7 88.70

 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00 Total 2,353 208.7 0.00

 Total 0 0.0 0.00 Western hemlock:

 Western redcedar: Northern 1 205 10.0 0.00

 Northern 1 89 12.5 140.64 Pacific Northwest 6 11,083 923.0 83.28

 Pacific Northwest 6 141 28.9 204.96 Alaska 10 3,179 6,357.0 1,999.69

 Alaska 10 575 72.2 125.61 Total 14,467 7,289.9 503.90

 Total 805 113.6 141.17 Western larch

 Douglas-fir Northern 1 579 76,017.0 131,290.16

 East side: Intermountain 4 0 0.0 0.00

 Northern 1 3,837 2,638.0 687.52 Pacific Northwest 6 5 428.0 85,600.00

 Rocky Mountain 2 1,666 18.1 10.88 Total 584 76,445.0 130,898.97

 Southwestern 3 1,885 40.4 21.45 Pine

 Intermountain 4 8,746 736.0 84.16 Lodgepole pine:

 Pacific Northwest 6 28,361 19,710.3 694.98 Northern 1 18,242 1,964.2 107.67

 Total 44,495 23,142.9 520.12 Rocky Mountain 2 3,027 170.4 56.30

 West side: Intermountain 4 5,919 59,185.0 9,999.16

 Pacific Southwest 5 6,260 229.6 36.68 Pacific Southwest 5 356 195.3 548.71

 Pacific Northwest 6 10 18.7 0.00 Pacific Northwest 6 10,055 7,203.7 716.43

 Total 6,270 248.3 39.60 Total 37,599 68,718.6 1,827.67

 Fir Ponderosa pinee

:

 Grand fir: Northern 1 966 595.9 616.82

 Northern 1 27,057 2,271.5 83.95 Rocky Mountain 2 80,040 1,501.1 18.75

 Intermountain 4 104 8.6 83.18 Southwestern 3 14,784 207.4 14.03

 Pacific Northwest 6 5,192 833.2 160.47 Intermountain 4 4,555 377.0 82.77

 Total 32,353 3,113.2 96.23 Pacific Southwest 5 3,411 974.4 0.00

 Noble fir: Pacific Northwest 6 13,556 1,230.4 90.77

 Pacific Northwest 6 8 8.0 0.00 Total 117,312 4,886.2 41.65

 Shasta fir: Sugar pine:

 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00 Pacific Southwest 5 1,200 60.0 50.00

 Subalpine fir: Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00

 Northern 1 4 1.8 443.00 Total 1,200 60.0 50.00

 Rocky Mountain 2 5 0.2 33.20 Western white pine:

 Southwestern 3 0 0.0 0.00 Northern 1 81 41.2 508.15

 Intermountain 4 2,000 40.0 20.00 Southwestern 3 247 1.3 5.37

 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00 Pacific Southwest 5 14 0.1 7.50

 Total 2,009 41.9 20.88 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00

 White fir: Total 342 42.6 124.54

 Rocky Mountain 2 0 0.0 0.00 Pine not specified 

 Intermountain 4 0 0.0 0.00 by species:

 Pacific Northwest 6 4,689 139.1 29.67 Northern 1 0 0.0 0.00

 Total 4,689 139.1 29.67 Southwestern 3 0 0.0 0.00

 Total 0 0.0 0.00

 Spruce

 Black, red, and white spruce

 Alaska 10 0 0.0 0.00
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

49

Table 21—Volume and value of sawtimber stumpage sold from National Forests, by selected species and region, 2011a—con.

Average Average

price per price per

Volume c Value d thousand Volume Value thousand

Thousand Thousand board feet Thousand Thousand board feet

Species and regionb board feet dollars Dollars Species and region board feet dollars Dollars

SOFTWOODS, WESTERN—Con. SOFTWOODS, EASTERN—Con.

 Spruce—Con. Softwoods not specified

 Engelmann spruce: by species:

 Northern 1 202 3.4 16.87 Southern 8 725 38.8 53.52

 Rocky Mountain 2 11,915 342.1 28.71 Eastern 9 317 5,000.0 15,772.87

 Southwestern 3 27 0.6 21.11 Total 1,042 5,038.8 4,835.70

 Intermountain 4 3,111 510.0 163.93 Total, eastern softwoods 32,533 169,977.2 5,224.72

 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00 Total, softwoods 890,396 231,275.4 259.74

 Total 15,255 856 56.12

 Sitka spruce: HARDWOODS, WESTERN

 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00 Alder

 Alaska 10 925 635.7 687.24 Pacific Northwest 6 426 48.1 112.91

 Total 925 635.7 687.24 Aspen

 Softwoods not specified Rocky Mountain 2 0 0.0 0.00

 by species: Southwestern 3 0 0.0 0.00

 Northern 1 0 0.0 0.00 Intermountain 4 459 7.5 16.45

 Rocky Mountain 2 0 0.0 0.00 Total 459 7.5 16.45

 Southwestern 3 0 0.0 0.00 Hardwoods not specified

 Intermountain 4 579 5.8 10.00 by species:

 Pacific Southwest 5 0 0.0 0.00 Rocky Mountain 2 0 0.0 0.00

 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00 Pacific Southwest 5 0 0.0 0.00

 Alaska 10 2 0.0 2.00 Pacific Northwest 6 0 0.0 0.00

 Total 581 5.8 10 Total 0 0.0 0.00

Total, western softwoods 857,863 61,298 71.45 Total, western hardwoods 885 55.6 62.88

SOFTWOODS, EASTERN HARDWOODS, EASTERN

 Cedar Ash

 Southern 8 53 0.8 15.09 Southern 8 14 1.3 91.80

 Eastern 9 8 0.0 0.00 Eastern 9 350 20.3 58.00

 Total 61 0.8 13.11 Total 364 21.6 59.29

 Cypress Aspen

 Southern 8 0 0.0 0.00 Eastern 9 2,301 104.5 45.42

 Fir Basswood

 True fir: Southern 8 0 4.3 0.00

 Eastern 9 100 830.0 8,300.00 Eastern 9 3 3.4 1,140.00

 Hemlock Total 3 7.7 2,573.33

 Eastern hemlock: Beech

 Southern 8 0 0.3 1,095.83 Eastern 9 1,101 21.4 19.44

 Eastern 9 1,001 40.3 40.26 Birch

 Total 1,001 40.6 40.51 Paper birch:

 Pine Eastern 9 614 38.7 63.03

 Eastern white pine: Yellow birch:

 Southern 8 2,414 858.2 355.50 Eastern 9 272 83.1 305.40

 Eastern 9 1,100 150.0 136.36 Cherry

 Total 3,514 1,008.2 286.90 Black cherry:

 Jack pine: Southern 8 0 0.0 0.00

 Eastern 9 1,710 244.0 142.69 Eastern 9 7,052 6.5 0.92

 Red pine: Total 7,052 6.5 0.92

 Eastern 9 1,200 2,180.0 1,816.67 Hickory

 Red and white eastern pine: Southern 8 17 3.4 198.18

 Eastern 9 629 821.0 1,305.25 Maple

 Southern pine: Red maple:

 Southern 8 15,627 159,130.0 10,183.02 Southern 8 0 0.0 0.00

 Eastern 9 773 447.1 578.40 Eastern 9 440 55.3 125.64

 Total 16,400 159,577.1 9,730.31 Total 440 55.3 125.64

 Virginia pine: Sugar maple:

 Southern 8 1,075 26.6 24.77 Southern 8 17 3,293.0 0.00

 Pine not specified Eastern 9 2,700 139.1 51.52

 by species: Total 2,717 3,432.1 1,263.19

 Eastern 9 0 0.0 0.00 Maple not specified 

 Spruce by species:

 Black, red, and white spruce: Southern 8 0 0.0 0.00

 Eastern 9 5,801 210.1 36.21 Eastern 9 0 0.0 0.00

 Total 0 0.0 0.00
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

50

Table 21—Volume and value of sawtimber stumpage sold from National Forests, by selected species and region, 2011a—con.

Average Average

price per price per

Volumec Valued thousand Volume Value thousand

Thousand Thousand board feet Thousand Thousand board feet

Species and regionb board feet dollars Dollars Species and region board feet dollars Dollars

HARDWOODS, EASTERN—Con.

 Oak Poplar

 Chestnut oak: Yellow poplar:

 Southern 8 131 43.7 333.50 Southern 8 594 273.2 459.93

 Eastern 9 261 20.0 76.65 Eastern 9 721 71,060.0 98,557.56

 Total 392 63.7 162.48 Total 1,315 71,333.2 54,245.78

 Red and black oak: Yellow poplar, basswood

 Southern 8 960 140,263.9 146,108.25 and cucumber:

 Eastern 9 1,879 526.9 280.43 Southern 8 119 763.4 6,415.04

 Total 2,839 140,790.9 49,591.71 Hardwoods not specified

 Scarlet oak: by species:

 Southern 8 155 85.0 548.39 Southern 8 13,774 1,123.4 81.56

 Eastern 9 37 46.4 1,253.51 Eastern 9 22,171 2,662.7 120.10

 Total 192 131.4 684.27 Total 35,945 3,786.1 105.33

 White oak: Total, eastern hardwoods 57,724 271,721.3 4,707.26

 Southern 8 1,182 17.3 14.65 Total, hardwoods 58,871 271,827.5 4,617.38

 Eastern 9 1,195 133.9 112.04 Total, softwoods and

 Total 2,377 151.2 63.61 hardwoods 1,182,128 367,245.8 310.66

 Oak not specified

 by species:

 Southern 8 569 41,730.0 73,339.19

 Eastern 9 6,588 490.0 74.37

 Total 7,157 42,220.0 5,899.11

1-8,9,10

Region area numbers.

b

Administrative regions of the Forest Service.

c

Scribner Decimal C log rule except in the Northeastern states timber where international 1/4-in. log rule 

d

High bid prices, which include specified road costs KV p e

Includes small amounts of Jeffrey pine.

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (52, 92); Data may not add to totals because of rounding; The stumpage prices 

 shown in this table do not necessarily indicate values for any specific tract of public or private timber, and prices received for

 individual tracts may vary widely because of differences in timber quality, degree of competition timber accessibility, variations

 in special costs, methods of allocating overhead costs by species, or other factors; Excludes pulpwood and miscellan

 products and also excludes timber sold by land exchang
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

51

Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997

Year dollars dollarsb dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars

1965 28.40 87.93 22.60 89.08 17.50 68.97 16.20 50.15

1966 34.30 103.00 23.00 88.10 19.50 74.69 17.90 53.75

1967 36.80 110.18 23.30 88.93 19.50 74.43 17.70 52.99

1968 40.70 119.01 25.60 95.37 20.00 74.51 19.00 55.56

1969 50.10 140.73 31.80 113.79 22.60 80.87 21.50 60.39

1970 46.40 125.75 28.10 97.04 21.00 72.52 20.40 55.28

1971 56.00 146.98 26.60 89.03 21.90 73.30 20.80 54.59

1972 66.30 166.58 28.50 91.18 23.80 76.15 23.10 58.04

1973 84.20 187.11 41.50 117.56 32.30 91.50 30.20 67.11

1974 90.90 169.91 48.20 114.98 36.80 87.79 35.50 66.36

1975 81.60 139.73 45.70 99.83 35.40 77.33 34.10 58.39

1976 101.10 165.47 45.80 95.63 37.20 77.67 37.30 61.05

1977 119.90 184.75 49.70 97.59 39.70 77.95 40.60 62.56

1978 156.20 223.46 59.40 108.42 46.20 84.32 46.50 66.52

1979 211.50 268.74 74.20 120.11 51.90 84.01 53.40 67.85

1980 189.20 210.69 70.20 99.69 53.10 75.41 55.50 61.80

1981 185.00 188.78 70.20 91.35 52.00 67.66 55.60 56.73

1982 144.60 144.60 71.10 90.67 53.70 68.48 57.50 57.50

1983 160.70 158.64 103.80 130.69 67.30 84.73 71.60 70.68

1984 158.80 153.13 109.00 133.98 68.00 83.58 72.70 70.11

1985 118.20 114.53 88.30 109.03 57.30 70.75 62.50 60.56

1986 112.30 112.08 87.90 111.84 53.70 68.32 64.70 64.57

1987 147.30 143.29 z z 59.30 73.55 79.00 76.85

1988 161.00 150.61 134.20 160.07 62.10 74.07 101.20 94.67

1989 169.10 150.71 133.80 152.09 65.30 74.23 98.30 87.61

1990 182.60 157.01 141.10 154.73 81.90 89.81 106.50 91.57

1991 194.30 166.78 123.60 135.27 67.60 73.98 89.00 76.39

1992 222.60 189.93 289.30 314.71 78.10 84.96 136.90 116.81

1993 273.30 229.86 zz zz 153.00 128.68

1994 330.50 274.50 zz zz 205.00 170.27

1995 389.56 312.40 zz zz 252.75 202.69

1996 344.57 269.83 zz zz 203.00 158.97

1997 412.39 323.19 zz zz 289.75 227.08

1998 406.76 326.98 zz zz 276.50 222.27

1999 368.70 293.78 zz zz 285.00 227.09

2000 392.35 295.67 zz zz 270.00 203.47

2001 351.12 261.64 zz zz 321.00 239.20

2002 368.41 281.01 zz zz 290.00 221.21

2003 348.46 252.32 zz zz 319.00 230.99

2004 372.40 253.85 zz zz 306.00 208.59

2005 384.37 244.20 zz zz 315.00 200.13

2006 380.38 230.81 zz zz 276.00 167.48

2007 417.62 241.54 zz zz 313.00 181.03

2008 331.17 174.67 zz zz 230.00 121.31

2009 289.94 167.69 zz zz 207.00 119.72

2010 307.23 166.34 zz zz 258.00 139.69

2011 259.02 128.86 zz zz 278.00 138.31 a

Timber Mart South (39); Louisiana Department of Agriculture (25).

b

Derived by dividing the price in current dollars by the Bureau of Labor 

 Statistics producer price index for all commodities (1997 = 100).

z

Not available.

Oaks

Table 22—Average stumpage prices for sawtimber sold from private lands in Louisiana, by selected 

species, 1965–2012 (dollars per thousand board feet, Doyle log scale)a

Southern pine Ash Gums
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

52

Table 23—Veneer log production, by softwoods and 

hardwoods, 1965–2012 (million board feet, local log rule)b

Year All speciesa Softwoodsc Hardwoodsc

1965 6,275 5,425 850

1966 6,315 5,610 705

1967 6,305 5,610 695

1968 6,880 6,150 730

1969 6,430 5,750 680

1970 6,642 5,863 779

1971 7,215 6,515 700

1972 7,810 7,070 740

1973 7,750 7,090 660

1974 7,560 6,945 615

1975 8,185 7,545 640

1976 8,417 7,795 623

1977 7,960 7,360 600

1978 8,150 7,560 590

1979 7,690 7,085 605

1980 7,649 7,040 609

1981 7,710 7,095 615

1982 7,504 6,885 619

1983 7,736 7,110 626

1984 7,970 7,335 635

1985 8,460 7,810 650

1986 9,062 8,398 664

1987 9,370 8,700 670

1988 9,261 8,580 681

1989 8,814 8,119 695

1990 8,662 7,942 720

1991 8,037 7,276 761

1992 7,876 7,101 775

1993 7,796 6,995 801

1994 7,735 6,881 854

1995 7,626 6,700 926

1996 7,560 6,583 977

1997 7,581 6,601 980

1998 7,671 6,707 964

1999 7,802 6,812 990

2000 7,870 6,855 1,015

2001 6,825 5,773 1,052

2002 6,596 5,600 997

2003 7,222 6,299 923

2004 7,158 6,272 886

2005 7,100 6,259 842

2006 6,825 5,983 842

2007 6,586 5,871 715

2008 6,081 5,482 599

2009 5,972 5,381 591

2010 4,726 4051 675

2011 4,310 3806 504 a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (52).

b

Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

c

Source: Estimates (20) 
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

53

Table 24—Pulpwood consumption, production, imports, exports, and the equivalent wood volumes of imports and 

exports of paper, board, and wood pulp, 1965–2011 (thousand cords)a

U.S. total

consump- Net Net

Year tionpc Total Total Total Softwoods Hardwoods Residuebep imports Imports Exports imports Imports Exports

1965 63,519 54,034 52,884 39,129 28,201 10,928 13,755 1,150 1,305 155 9,485 13,487 4,001

1966 67,429 57,399 56,294 41,809 29,900 11,910 14,484 1,105 1,385 280 10,030 14,367 4,337

1967 67,377 58,419 57,469 41,441 29,967 11,474 16,028 950 1,590 640 8,958 13,789 4,831

1968 69,214 60,969 60,734 43,535 31,690 11,845 17,199 235 1,425 1,190 8,245 13,643 5,398

1969 73,428 64,577 65,257 47,499 34,239 13,260 17,758 -680 980 1,660 8,851 14,956 6,105

1970 73,308 66,732 67,577 49,467 37,212 12,255 18,110 -845 1,120 1,965 6,576 14,310 7,734

1971 74,286 66,601 66,906 46,295 33,533 12,763 20,610 -305 1,225 1,530 7,685 14,375 6,690

1972 75,685 68,068 69,023 45,311 31,784 13,527 23,712 -955 1,020 1,975 7,616 14,263 6,646

1973 80,294 71,421 72,891 46,269 31,496 14,773 26,622 -1,470 1,200 2,670 8,873 15,483 6,610

1974 84,452 75,787 77,957 50,394 34,268 16,126 27,563 -2,170 965 3,135 8,665 17,057 8,392

1975 69,231 63,941 65,821 41,029 29,035 11,993 24,792 -1,880 765 2,645 5,290 12,172 6,882

1976 78,092 71,094 73,249 45,527 31,856 13,671 27,722 -2,155 1,115 3,270 6,998 14,019 7,021

1977 80,486 72,952 74,972 44,538 31,022 13,516 30,434 -2,020 1,350 3,370 7,534 14,548 7,014

1978 84,346 75,073 76,453 46,722 31,778 14,943 29,731 -1,380 1,675 3,055 9,272 16,205 6,933

1979 87,651 78,680 81,065 50,699 35,389 15,310 30,366 -2,385 1,405 3,790 8,971 16,847 7,876

1980 87,055 81,921 84,031 52,107 36,941 15,166 31,925 -2,110 1,590 3,700 5,134 16,256 11,122

1981 86,814 81,003 82,468 51,390 35,685 15,704 31,079 -1,465 1,490 2,955 5,811 15,579 9,768

1982 82,127 76,912 77,862 49,093 33,829 15,264 28,769 -950 1,405 2,355 5,215 14,302 9,087

1983 91,044 84,504 84,829 51,612 33,413 18,199 33,217 -325 1,715 2,040 6,540 16,312 9,772

1984 95,854 86,282 86,377 52,324 33,945 18,379 34,054 -95 1,825 1,920 9,572 18,697 9,125

1985 95,325 85,380 86,600 52,698 33,097 19,602 33,901 -1,220 650 1,870 9,945 19,198 9,253

1986 100,144 91,187 92,502 57,723 35,630 22,094 34,779 -1,315 630 1,945 8,957 19,974 11,017

1987 102,445 93,005 94,590 58,538 37,172 21,367 36,052 -1,585 430 2,015 9,440 20,882 11,442

1988 101,737 93,000 95,030 59,342 37,359 21,984 35,688 -2,030 735 2,765 8,737 20,779 12,042

1989 100,276 92,615 93,831 59,924 37,755 22,169 33,907 -1,216 988 2,204 7,661 20,341 12,679

1990 99,361 92,561 93,936 61,758 39,559 22,199 32,178 -1,376 917 2,293 6,801 19,847 13,046

1991 95,484 91,925 93,246 62,701 40,213 22,488 30,545 -1,321 1,025 2,346 3,559 18,305 14,746

1992 96,146 93,642 95,238 63,489 39,918 23,571 31,749 -1,596 857 2,453 2,504 18,451 15,947

1993 96,089 90,996 92,759 62,122 37,621 24,501 30,637 -1,764 745 2,509 5,094 19,485 14,392

1994 98,142 93,259 95,327 63,698 38,312 25,387 31,629 -2,068 544 2,612 4,883 19,965 15,082

1995r 97,052 93,013 94,999 69,808 41,173 28,635 25,191 -1,986 303 2,290 4,039 20,474 16,435

1996r 90,190 88,246 90,439 66,697 39,641 27,056 23,742 -2,193 334 2,527 1,943 17,979 16,036

1997r 95,247 92,312 95,038 68,354 39,943 28,411 26,684 -2,726 357 3,083 2,935 20,186 17,251

1998r 96,305 90,591 93,371 68,134 40,580 27,554 25,237 -2,780 231 3,011 5,713 20,653 14,939

1999 94,265 86,969 89,908 64,048 37,157 26,890 25,861 -2,940 144 3,084 7,296 21,077 13,780

2000 95,904 87,453 89,888 64,775 37,965 26,810 25,113 -2,435 150 2,585 8,452 22,951 14,499

2001 92,181 83,384 85,240 62,033 36,200 25,833 23,207 -1,856 79 1,935 8,797 22,618 13,821

2002 90,500 82,715 84,030 60,494 34,901 25,593 23,536 -1,315 66 1,381 7,785 22,222 14,437

2003 97,295 85,001 85,375 62,616 37,742 24,874 22,758 -373 189 563 12,294 24,080 11,786

2004 98,954 86,903 87,704 64,014 38,657 25,357 23,690 -801 437 1,238 12,052 24,494 12,443

2005 96,804 86,284 87,088 63,681 37,989 25,692 23,407 -804 411 1,215 10,520 23,522 13,002

2006 95,796 85,883 86,680 62,218 36,530 25,688 24,462 -797 309 1,107 9,913 22,888 12,975

2007 88,733 82,696 84,090 59,866 35,730 24,136 24,224 -1,394 107 1,501 6,036 20,361 14,325

2008 81,289 80,341 82,173 56,012 34,798 21,214 26,160 -1,832 49 1,881 948 17,400 16,451

2009 79,167 79,992 81,391 55,231 33,006 22,225 26,160 -1,399 28 1,427 -826 14,560 15,385

2010 80,059 80,307 81,787 55,627 31,717 23,910 26,160 -1,480 91 1,571 -248 16,140 16,388

2011 73,502 75,260 76,740 55,360 30,972 24,388 21,380 -1,480 91 1,571 -1,759 14,957 16,715

a

American Forest & Paper Association(AF&PA) (3); American Pulpwood Association (10).

b

Chips produced from roundwood and byproducts from primary processing plants, such as slabs, edgings, and veneer cores.

r

Revised.

c

Comes from AF&PA Fiber Consumption Survey (35) for 2005.

d Howard and others (20).

e Johnson (24).

Roundwoodrd

Consumption in U.S. mills

Paper, board, 

and wood pulp

Domestic productions (pulpwood equivalent)
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

54

Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- HardYearc Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woods

1965 52.88 40.10 12.80 9.0 4.1 4.9 31.2 23.8 7.4 12.7 12.2 0.5

1966 56.29 42.10 14.20 10.3 4.4 5.9 33.1 25.4 7.7 12.9 12.3 0.6

1967 57.47 43.60 13.90 10.3 4.5 5.8 33.6 25.9 7.7 13.6 13.2 0.4

1968 60.73 46.60 14.10 9.8 4.3 5.5 36.5 28.3 8.2 14.4 14.0 0.4

1969 65.26 48.80 16.50 10.3 4.1 6.2 40.0 30.2 9.8 15.0 14.5 0.5

1970 67.58 50.70 16.90 11.3 4.6 6.7 41.1 31.4 9.7 15.2 14.7 0.5

1971 66.91 50.30 16.60 10.5 4.0 6.5 41.1 31.5 9.6 15.3 14.8 0.5

1972 69.02 51.00 18.00 10.7 4.0 6.7 42.3 31.7 10.6 16.0 15.3 0.7

1973 72.89 52.70 20.20 12.8 4.6 8.2 43.4 32.1 11.3 16.7 16.0 0.7

1974 77.96 55.80 22.20 13.9 5.1 8.8 46.1 33.6 12.5 18.0 17.1 0.9

1975 65.82 50.10 15.70 10.4 4.2 6.2 40.7 31.7 9.0 14.7 14.2 0.5

1976 73.25 54.10 19.10 12.2 4.8 7.4 44.3 33.2 11.1 16.7 16.1 0.6

1977 74.97 55.70 19.30 12.5 4.9 7.6 45.2 34.2 11.0 17.3 16.6 0.7

1978 76.45 55.30 21.20 13.0 5.2 7.8 47.7 35.0 12.7 15.8 15.1 0.7

1979 81.06 58.30 22.80 14.0 5.5 8.5 50.2 36.7 13.5 16.9 16.1 0.8

1980 84.03 60.60 23.40 14.3 5.7 8.6 50.7 36.9 13.8 19.0 18.0 1.0

1981 82.47 59.60 22.90 13.9 5.6 8.3 51.6 37.7 13.9 17.0 16.3 0.7

1982 77.86 56.30 21.60 13.1 5.9 7.2 50.2 36.6 13.6 14.6 13.8 0.8

1983 84.83 59.90 24.90 14.4 5.6 8.8 53.9 38.5 15.4 16.5 15.8 0.7

1984 86.38 61.10 25.30 14.7 6.0 8.7 54.4 38.7 15.7 17.3 16.4 0.9

1985 86.60 60.60 26.00 14.6 5.8 8.8 56.2 39.9 16.3 15.8 14.9 0.9

1986 92.50 64.00 28.50 15.2 5.7 9.5 59.9 42.0 17.9 17.4 16.3 1.1

1987 94.59 65.60 29.00 15.4 5.8 9.6 61.5 43.2 18.3 17.7 16.6 1.1

1988 95.03 65.70 29.30 14.8 5.4 9.4 61.8 42.9 18.9 18.4 17.4 1.0

1989 93.83 64.30 29.50 14.0 5.1 8.9 62.8 43.3 19.5 17.0 15.9 1.1

1990 93.94 63.10 30.80 14.0 5.0 9.0 65.4 44.6 20.8 14.5 13.5 1.0

1991 93.25 62.40 30.80 14.2 5.2 9.0 66.8 45.8 21.0 12.2 11.4 0.8

1992 95.24 59.80 35.40 13.9 5.0 8.9 70.9 45.0 25.9 10.4 9.8 0.6

1993 92.76 55.70 37.10 15.0 5.6 9.4 71.9 44.8 27.1 5.9 5.3 0.6

1994 95.33 56.10 39.20 15.4 5.6 9.8 74.7 45.8 28.9 5.2 4.7 0.5

1995 95.00 61.09 33.91 15.0 6.7 8.3 72.6 48.1 24.5 7.4 6.3 1.1

1996 90.44 58.67 31.77 14.5 6.6 7.9 69.6 46.7 22.9 6.4 5.4 0.9

1997 95.04 61.45 33.59 15.2 6.8 8.4 74.1 50.0 24.1 5.7 4.6 1.1

1998 93.37 60.30 33.07 14.6 6.3 8.3 72.4 48.9 23.5 6.3 5.1 1.2

1999 89.91 57.71 32.20 13.8 6.0 7.8 70.7 47.5 23.2 5.4 4.3 1.2

2000 89.89 57.84 32.05 14.1 6.1 8.1 70.1 47.2 22.9 5.7 4.6 1.1

2001 85.24 54.38 30.86 13.4 5.8 7.7 67.0 44.8 22.2 4.8 3.8 1.0

2002 84.03 53.68 30.35 13.1 5.5 7.6 66.4 44.8 21.7 4.5 3.5 1.1

2003 85.37 55.63 29.74 13.3 5.4 8.0 67.3 46.5 20.9 4.7 3.8 0.9

2004 87.70 57.43 30.27 14.1 5.5 8.6 68.6 48.0 20.6 5.0 3.8 1.1

2005 87.09 56.98 30.11 14.1 5.5 8.6 68.2 47.7 20.4 4.9 3.8 1.1

2006 86.68 56.87 29.81 16.4 6.6 9.8 64.7 46.0 18.7 5.6 4.2 1.4

2007 84.09 55.89 28.20 13.3 5.2 8.1 65.7 47.4 18.4 5.1 3.4 1.7

2008 82.17 56.11 26.06 11.3 4.2 7.1 67.0 49.2 17.8 3.9 2.7 1.2

2009 81.39 55.08 26.31 14.4 6.2 8.2 61.2 45.5 15.7 5.8 3.4 2.4

2010 81.79 56.41 25.38 12.4 5.9 6.5 63.4 47.0 16.4 6.0 3.5 2.5

2011 76.74 53.37 23.37 11.0 5.1 5.9 62.6 46.9 15.7 5.6 3.3 2.4 a

The West includes Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington.

 The South includes Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland,

 Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

 The North includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New York,

 Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.

b

American Pulpwood Association (9); data may not add to totals because of rounding.

 All numbers were revised; values include chip production.

c

Data for the years 1989 to present are domestic receipts at pulp mills.

d Howard and others (20).

e Johnson (24).

Table 25—Pulpwood production, by regiona

 and softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2011 (million cords)bde

All section North South West
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

55

Table 26—Pulpwood stumpage prices of Louisiana and northern New Hampshire, 

1965–2011 (dollars per cord)

Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997

Year dollars dollarsd dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars

1965 4.40 17.38 1.60 6.32 1.75 6.91 4.50 17.78

1966 4.55 17.43 1.70 6.51 2.60 9.96 5.25 20.12

1967 4.60 17.57 1.75 6.69 2.10 8.02 5.25 20.06

1968 4.65 17.35 1.85 6.90 2.00 7.46 5.25 19.59

1969 4.65 16.67 1.90 6.81 1.85 6.63 4.50 16.13

1970 4.70 16.25 1.95 6.74 1.75 6.05 4.50 15.56

1971 4.75 15.91 z z 1.75 5.86 4.50 15.07

1972 4.75 15.23 2.10 6.73 2.00 6.41 4.50 14.43

1973 5.20 14.74 2.40 6.81 2.00 5.67 4.50 12.76

1974 6.05 14.43 2.70 6.44 2.65 6.32 5.50 13.12

1975 6.40 13.98 2.80 6.12 2.65 5.79 6.00 13.11

1976 6.70 13.99 2.80 5.85 2.65 5.53 6.50 13.57

1977 7.10 13.96 2.95 5.80 2.65 5.21 6.50 12.78

1978 7.80 14.24 3.15 5.75 2.90 5.29 7.00 12.78

1979 9.30 15.08 3.65 5.92 3.75 6.08 8.00 12.97

1980 10.30 14.64 4.10 5.83 5.00 7.10 8.00 11.37

1981 12.65 16.47 4.30 5.60 5.00 6.51 8.00 10.42

1982 14.30 18.25 4.50 5.74 5.00 6.38 8.00 10.21

1983 14.85 18.71 4.80 6.05 5.00 6.30 8.50 10.71

1984 17.65 21.72 4.35 5.35 5.00 6.15 8.50 10.46

1985 15.20 18.79 4.40 5.44 4.00 4.95 9.00 11.13

1986 12.05 15.35 4.30 5.48 3.75 4.78 9.00 11.46

1987 13.85 17.19 5.35 6.64 3.75 4.65 9.00 11.17

1988 15.95 19.04 5.20 6.21 3.50 4.18 10.00 11.94

1989 18.33 20.85 5.54 6.30 4.00 4.55 11.00 12.51

1990 17.88 19.62 5.45 5.98 6.00 6.58 12.50 13.71

1991 20.80 22.78 8.19 8.97 6.00 6.57 14.00 15.33

1992 23.50 25.59 7.84 8.54 5.75 6.26 11.75 12.79

1993 25.07 26.90 9.77 10.48 6.00 6.44 16.50 17.71

1994 23.51 24.92 10.12 10.73 11.50 12.19 12.00 12.04

1995 24.35 24.92 10.40 10.64 zz zz

1996 23.84 23.82 12.63 12.62 zz zz

1997 23.95 23.95 15.05 15.05 zz zz

1998 29.24 29.99 17.06 17.50 2.95 3.03 2.27 2.33

1999 26.28 26.71 13.75 13.97 2.95 3.00 2.27 2.31

2000 23.33 22.44 10.32 9.92 2.73 2.62 2.50 2.40

2001 21.36 20.31 13.54 12.87 2.73 2.59 2.50 2.38

2002 19.52 19.00 14.94 14.54 2.73 2.65 2.50 2.43

2003 19.10 17.65 16.16 14.93 2.23 2.06 3.64 3.36

2004 18.88 16.42 16.44 14.30 2.64 2.29 4.05 3.52

2005 22.68 18.39 19.69 15.96 2.45 1.99 3.32 2.69

2006 18.50 14.33 14.67 11.36 2.50 1.94 3.13 2.42

2007 27.80 20.52 17.18 12.68 2.65 1.96 3.56 2.63

2008 27.20 18.30 20.25 13.63 4.85 3.26 6.18 4.16

2009 23.51 17.35 18.76 13.85 4.12 2.77 5.48 3.22

2010 25.60 17.69 25.27 17.46 4.42 3.05 7.73 5.34

2011 22.18 14.08 17.20 10.92 3.64 2.31 10.57 6.71

a

Louisiana Department of Agriculture, Office of Marketing (25). 

b

New Hampshire University, Cooperative Extention Service, 

and New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development (32).

c

Includes tamarack.

d

Derived by dividing the price in current dollars by the Bureau of Labor Statistics producers

 price index for all commodities (1997 = 100).

z

Data not available.

Spruce and fir

Northern New Hampshireb Louisianaa

Hemlock and pinec Southern Pine Hardwoods
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

56

Table 27—Pulpwood prices of Louisiana and northern New Hampshire, 1965–2011

(dollars per standard cord, including bark)a

Louisianab

Southern Pine Hardwoods Hemlock and pined Spruce and fir Hardwoods

Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997 Current 1997

Year dollars dollarse dollars dollarse dollars dollarse dollars dollarse dollars dollarse

1965 4.33 17.11 3.77 14.88 4.65 18.36 5.79 22.89 4.55 17.98

1966 4.55 17.44 4.08 15.64 4.90 18.76 6.07 23.26 4.83 18.50

1967 4.55 17.39 4.10 15.65 5.59 21.34 6.18 23.61 4.83 18.44

1968 4.69 17.50 4.50 16.78 5.39 20.12 6.11 22.80 z z

1969 4.90 17.55 4.80 17.20 5.37 19.23 6.40 22.94 5.21 18.69

1970 4.90 16.93 4.81 16.65 5.38 18.60 6.46 22.32 5.52 19.08

1971 z z z z 5.38 18.02 6.46 21.62 5.59 18.71

1972 5.31 17.03 5.24 16.80 5.31 17.03 6.55 21.01 6.07 19.46

1973 6.21 17.60 6.07 17.21 5.63 15.96 7.03 19.95 6.48 18.38

1974 7.81 18.62 6.88 16.42 5.86 13.98 8.28 19.74 7.31 17.44

1975 8.07 17.63 7.23 15.79 6.94 15.16 8.41 18.38 7.86 17.18

1976 8.40 17.54 7.20 15.04 8.39 17.51 8.69 18.15 8.73 18.23

1977 8.73 17.17 7.50 14.75 8.97 17.63 10.07 19.80 9.10 17.90

1978 9.53 17.40 7.81 14.25 9.52 17.37 10.76 19.64 9.66 17.63

1979 10.74 17.42 8.84 14.33 10.11 16.39 12.14 19.68 10.21 16.55

1980 11.43 16.25 9.27 13.17 10.11 14.37 12.69 18.03 11.45 16.27

1981 12.19 15.88 9.43 12.28 11.45 14.91 13.52 17.60 12.14 15.80

1982 12.95 16.53 9.72 12.41 11.45 14.61 13.52 17.25 12.14 15.49

1983 13.13 16.54 9.74 12.27 11.45 14.42 13.52 17.03 12.83 16.16

1984 11.79 14.51 z z 11.45 14.09 13.52 16.63 13.10 16.12

1985 13.57 16.78 10.34 12.79 11.45 14.16 13.52 16.71 12.83 15.86

1986 13.27 16.90 9.77 12.44 11.45 14.58 13.66 17.39 12.97 16.51

1987 13.97 17.34 12.51 15.53 11.45 14.21 13.66 16.95 12.97 16.09

1988 14.41 17.20 12.92 15.43 11.45 13.67 13.93 16.63 13.10 15.64

1989 15.22 17.31 12.82 14.59 11.45 13.02 13.93 15.84 14.07 16.00

1990 15.35 16.84 13.20 14.49 13.38 14.68 15.66 17.18 14.00 15.36

1991 16.84 18.44 14.45 15.82 13.79 15.11 18.41 20.17 14.00 15.33

1992 17.69 19.25 12.92 14.07 12.97 14.12 18.21 19.82 13.66 14.87

1993 18.25 19.58 14.22 15.26 13.52 14.51 17.93 19.24 13.66 14.65

1994 15.88 16.83 15.24 16.15 18.07 19.15 12.14 12.86 13.93 14.76

1995 18.74 19.18 20.15 20.62 z z z z z z

1996 17.26 17.24 15.85 15.84 z z z z z z

1997 19.94 19.94 19.36 19.36 z z z z z z

1998 20.65 21.19 16.15 16.57 13.73 14.08 7.59 7.78 16.14 16.55

1999 17.82 18.12 14.69 14.93 13.73 13.96 7.59 7.71 16.14 16.41

2000 16.31 15.68 14.22 13.67 13.73 13.20 6.30 6.06 16.14 15.52

2001 16.45 15.64 17.92 17.04 13.73 13.05 7.59 7.21 16.14 15.34

2002 16.73 16.29 18.09 17.61 13.73 13.36 7.59 7.38 16.14 15.71

2003 17.03 15.74 19.08 17.63 17.70 16.36 9.68 8.95 9.16 8.46

2004 17.22 14.97 18.56 16.14 18.24 15.87 9.45 8.22 9.19 7.99

2005 18.64 15.11 20.87 16.92 14.66 11.88 10.07 8.16 8.60 6.97

2006 16.95 13.13 18.60 14.40 18.28 14.15 6.90 5.34 8.83 6.83

2007 19.49 14.39 19.82 14.63 18.55 13.69 7.45 5.50 8.90 6.57

2008 21.99 14.80 22.59 15.21 19.17 12.90 11.21 7.54 8.90 5.99

2009 20.19 14.90 20.20 14.91 18.07 13.33 11.00 8.12 8.62 6.36

2010 21.72 15.00 22.99 15.88 26.41 18.25 4.69 3.24 41.02 28.34

2011 20.06 12.73 20.55 13.05 20.46 12.99 6.41 4.07 45.24 28.72

a

All numbers reflect the delivered timber price.

b

Timber Mart South (36); Louisiana Department of Agriculture, Office of Marketing (23); f.o.b. car.

c

New Hampshire University, Cooperative Extention Service, and New Hampshire Department of

 Resources and Economic Development (30).

d

Includes tamarack.

e

Derived by dividing price in current dollars by the Bureau of Labor Statistics producer price

 index for all commodities (1997 = 100).

z

Not available.

P

Preliminary.

Northern New Hampshirec
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

57

Table 28—Lumber production, imports, exports, and consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2012a

Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- HardYear Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woodsb woods Total woods woods Soft- HardBillion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Billion Total woods woods

board board board board board board board board board board board board Board Board Board

feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet

1965 38.7 29.3 9.4 5.2 4.9 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.1 43.1 33.4 9.7 222 172 50

1966 38.6 28.8 9.8 5.2 4.8 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.2 42.7 32.7 10.0 217 166 51

1967 37.5 28.2 9.3 5.1 4.8 0.3 1.2 1.0 0.2 41.4 32.0 9.5 208 161 48

1968 38.0 29.3 8.7 6.2 5.8 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.1 43.1 34.1 9.0 215 170 45

1969 37.1 28.3 8.7 6.3 5.9 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.1 42.3 33.2 9.1 209 164 45

1970 35.9 27.5 8.3 6.1 5.8 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.1 40.8 32.2 8.6 199 157 42

1971 38.5 30.0 8.4 7.6 7.2 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.2 45.0 36.4 8.6 217 175 41

1972 39.5 31.0 8.5 9.4 9.0 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.2 47.5 38.8 8.7 226 185 42

1973 40.4 31.6 8.8 9.6 9.0 0.5 2.0 1.8 0.2 47.9 38.8 9.1 226 183 43

1974 36.2 27.7 8.4 7.3 6.8 0.4 1.8 1.6 0.2 41.6 32.9 8.7 195 154 41

1975 34.1 26.7 7.3 6.0 5.7 0.3 1.6 1.4 0.2 38.4 31.1 7.4 178 144 34

1976 37.7 29.7 8.0 8.2 8.0 0.3 1.8 1.6 0.2 44.1 36.1 8.1 202 165 37

1977 40.2 31.7 8.5 10.7 10.4 0.3 1.6 1.4 0.2 49.4 40.7 8.6 224 185 39

1978 41.0 32.1 9.0 12.2 11.9 0.4 1.8 1.4 0.4 51.4 42.5 8.9 231 191 40

1979 40.7 31.4 9.3 11.5 11.2 0.4 2.2 1.8 0.4 50.1 40.8 9.3 222 181 41

1980 35.4 26.2 9.2 9.9 9.6 0.3 2.5 2.0 0.5 42.8 33.8 9.0 188 149 39

1981 32.2 24.7 7.5 9.5 9.2 0.3 2.4 1.9 0.5 39.3 32.0 7.3 171 139 32

1982 31.8 23.8 8.0 9.4 9.1 0.2 2.0 1.6 0.4 39.1 31.3 7.8 169 135 34

1983 38.5 29.7 8.8 12.3 12.0 0.3 2.3 1.8 0.5 48.4 39.9 8.5 207 170 36

1984 41.3 31.2 10.1 13.6 13.3 0.3 2.1 1.6 0.5 52.8 42.9 9.9 223 181 42

1985 40.9 31.3 9.6 15.0 14.6 0.4 1.9 1.5 0.4 54.0 44.4 9.6 226 186 40

1986 45.8 35.3 10.5 14.6 14.2 0.3 2.4 1.9 0.5 57.9 47.6 10.3 241 198 43

1987 49.5 38.2 11.3 15.2 14.7 0.5 3.2 2.5 0.7 61.5 50.5 11.0 253 208 45

1988 49.9 38.1 11.7 13.8 13.5 0.3 4.5 3.3 1.2 59.2 48.3 10.9 242 197 44

1989 49.6 37.5 12.1 15.3 14.9 0.3 4.2 3.4 0.9 60.6 49.1 11.5 245 198 47

1990 48.1 35.8 12.3 13.1 12.9 0.2 3.8 2.9 0.9 57.4 45.7 11.7 230 183 47

1991 44.3 33.2 11.2 11.7 11.5 0.2 4.0 3.1 0.9 52.1 41.6 10.4 206 165 41

1992 45.9 34.5 11.4 13.4 13.2 0.3 3.6 2.6 1.0 55.8 45.1 10.7 218 177 42

1993 45.2 32.9 12.2 15.4 15.1 0.3 3.4 2.3 1.0 57.2 45.7 11.5 222 177 45

1994 46.5 34.1 12.4 16.6 16.2 0.4 3.3 2.2 1.1 59.8 48.2 11.6 229 185 45

1995 44.9 32.2 12.6 17.6 17.2 0.4 2.9 1.9 1.1 59.5 47.6 11.9 226 181 45

1996 45.8 33.3 12.5 18.4 18.0 0.4 2.9 1.8 1.1 61.3 49.5 11.8 231 186 44

1997 47.3 34.7 12.7 18.5 18.0 0.5 2.9 1.6 1.2 62.9 51.0 11.9 235 190 44

1998 47.4 34.7 12.7 19.2 18.7 0.5 2.2 1.1 1.1 64.5 52.2 12.2 238 193 45

1999 49.5 36.6 12.9 19.9 19.2 0.7 2.5 1.4 1.2 66.8 54.4 12.4 245 199 45

2000 48.6 36.0 12.6 20.2 19.4 0.8 2.7 1.4 1.3 66.1 54.0 12.1 234 191 43

2001 46.4 34.6 11.8 20.7 20.1 0.6 2.2 1.0 1.2 64.9 53.7 11.3 228 188 40

2002 47.6 35.8 11.8 21.7 21.0 0.7 2.2 1.0 1.2 67.1 55.8 11.3 233 194 39

2003 47.1 36.6 10.5 22.0 21.2 0.8 2.1 1.0 1.2 67.0 56.8 10.1 230 195 35

2004 50.1 39.1 11.1 25.5 24.5 1.0 2.1 0.8 1.3 73.5 62.8 10.8 250 213 37

2005 50.9 39.8 11.2 25.8 24.7 1.1 2.2 0.9 1.3 74.5 63.6 10.9 251 214 37

2006 49.7 38.7 11.0 23.5 22.8 0.8 2.4 0.9 1.4 70.9 60.6 10.3 245 209 36

2007 45.8 35.2 10.6 18.9 18.4 0.5 2.2 1.0 1.2 62.5 52.6 9.9 207 174 33

2008 36.0 29.2 6.8 13.0 12.7 0.4 2.1 1.2 0.9 46.9 40.7 6.2 154 134 20

2009 30.2 23.2 7.0 9.2 8.9 0.4 1.8 1.0 0.8 37.7 31.1 6.6 123 101 21

2010 30.5 24.8 5.7 9.8 9.5 0.3 1.5 1.3 0.2 38.7 32.9 5.8 125 106 19

2011 33.0 26.8 6.2 9.6 9.3 0.3 1.9 1.7 0.2 40.8 34.4 6.4 131 110 20

a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (57, 62); American Forest and Paper Association (4); Luppold and Dempsey (26);

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (56); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91); 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (44);

Western Wood Products Association (86); U.S International Trade Commission (84).

Data may not add to totals because of rounding; Data's been revised. 

b

Includes small volumes of mixed species (not classified as softwoods or hardwoods).

b

Includes small volumes of mixed species (not classified as softwoods or hardwoods).

Per capita consumption

Production Imports Exports Consumption
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

58

Table 29—Lumber production, by regiona and softwoods and hardwoods, 1965–2011 (billion board feet) b

Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- HardYear Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woods

1965 38.7 29.3 9.4 4.4 1.1 3.3 12.7 6.8 5.9 21.6 21.4 0.2

1966 38.6 28.8 9.8 4.5 1.1 3.4 12.9 6.7 6.2 21.2 21.0 0.2

1967 37.5 28.2 9.3 5.3 1.7 3.6 12.5 6.7 5.8 19.7 19.6 0.1

1968 38.0 29.3 8.7 4.5 1.1 3.4 12.2 7.0 5.2 21.3 21.2 0.1

1969 37.1 28.3 8.7 4.6 1.1 3.5 12.3 7.3 5.0 20.1 19.9 0.2

1970 35.9 27.5 8.3 4.4 1.0 3.4 12.0 7.2 4.8 19.4 19.3 0.1

1971 38.5 30.0 8.4 4.4 1.1 3.3 12.9 7.9 5.0 21.1 21.0 0.1

1972 39.5 31.0 8.5 4.4 1.1 3.3 13.0 8.0 5.0 22.1 21.9 0.2

1973 40.4 31.6 8.8 4.6 1.1 3.5 13.2 8.0 5.2 22.6 22.5 0.1

1974 36.2 27.7 8.4 4.4 1.1 3.3 11.9 7.0 4.9 19.8 19.6 0.2

1975 34.1 26.7 7.3 4.1 1.1 3.0 11.1 7.0 4.1 18.8 18.6 0.2

1976Rd 37.7 29.7 8.0 6.3 1.8 4.5 16.5 13.4 3.1 14.9 14.5 0.3

1977Rd 40.2 31.7 8.5 6.7 1.9 4.8 17.6 14.3 3.3 15.9 15.6 0.3

1978Rd 41.0 32.1 9.0 7.0 1.9 5.1 17.9 14.4 3.5 16.1 15.7 0.4

1979Rd 40.7 31.4 9.3 7.1 1.9 5.3 17.8 14.1 3.6 15.8 15.4 0.4

1980Rd 35.4 26.2 9.2 6.8 1.6 5.2 15.4 11.8 3.6 13.2 12.9 0.4

1981d 32.2 24.7 7.5 5.7 1.5 4.3 14.0 11.1 2.9 12.4 12.1 0.3

1982 31.8 23.8 8.0 3.9 1.1 2.8 13.5 8.8 4.7 14.4 14.1 0.3

1983 38.5 29.7 8.8 4.4 1.3 3.1 15.7 10.3 5.4 18.4 18.2 0.2

1984 41.3 31.2 10.1 4.6 1.2 3.4 17.1 10.7 6.4 19.6 19.4 0.2

1985 40.9 31.3 9.6 4.6 1.2 3.4 15.9 10.2 5.7 20.4 20.2 0.2

1986 45.8 35.3 10.5 5.0 1.4 3.6 18.8 11.7 7.1 22.0 21.8 0.2

1987 49.5 38.2 11.3 5.3 1.5 3.8 19.9 12.3 7.6 24.3 24.0 0.3

1988 49.9 38.1 11.7 5.3 1.4 3.9 20.7 12.7 8.0 23.9 23.6 0.3

1989 49.6 37.5 12.1 4.4 1.2 3.2 21.2 12.3 8.9 24.0 23.7 0.3

1990 48.1 35.8 12.3 3.9 1.5 2.4 22.5 12.6 9.9 21.7 21.3 0.4

1991 44.3 33.2 11.2 4.8 1.5 3.3 20.0 12.1 7.9 19.5 19.1 0.4

1992 45.9 34.5 11.4 4.7 1.6 3.1 21.1 13.0 8.1 20.1 19.7 0.4

1993 45.2 32.9 12.2 7.8 1.9 5.9 21.0 15.4 5.6 16.4 16.0 0.4

1994 46.5 34.1 12.4 8.0 1.9 6.1 21.8 16.0 5.8 16.7 16.3 0.4

1995 44.9 32.2 12.6 8.1 1.9 6.1 21.1 15.3 5.8 15.6 15.2 0.4

1996 45.8 33.3 12.5 7.9 2.0 5.9 22.0 15.7 6.3 15.8 15.4 0.4

1997 47.3 34.7 12.7 9.3 2.1 7.2 20.5 15.6 4.9 17.5 17.0 0.5

1998 47.4 34.7 12.7 9.3 2.1 7.3 20.6 15.6 5.0 17.5 17.0 0.5

1999 49.5 36.6 12.9 9.6 2.2 7.4 21.5 16.5 5.0 18.5 17.9 0.5

2000 48.6 36.0 12.6 9.3 2.2 7.2 21.1 16.2 4.9 18.1 17.6 0.5

2001 46.4 34.6 11.8 8.8 2.1 6.7 20.2 15.6 4.6 17.4 16.9 0.5

2002 47.6 35.8 11.8 8.8 2.1 6.7 20.7 16.1 4.6 18.0 17.6 0.5

2003 47.1 36.6 10.5 8.2 2.2 6.0 20.6 16.5 4.1 18.4 17.9 0.4

2004 50.1 39.1 11.1 8.6 2.3 6.3 21.9 17.6 4.3 19.6 19.2 0.4

2005 50.9 39.8 11.2 8.8 2.4 6.4 22.2 17.9 4.4 19.9 19.5 0.4

2006 49.7 38.7 11.0 8.6 2.3 6.3 21.7 17.4 4.3 19.4 19.0 0.4

2007 45.8 35.2 10.6 8.2 2.1 6.1 20.0 15.8 4.1 17.7 17.2 0.4

2008 36.0 29.2 6.8 5.6 1.8 3.9 15.8 13.1 2.6 14.6 14.3 0.3

2009 30.2 23.2 7.0 5.4 1.4 4.0 13.2 10.5 2.7 11.7 11.4 0.3

2010 30.5 24.8 5.7 4.7 1.5 3.2 13.4 11.2 2.2 12.4 12.2 0.2

2011 33.0 26.8 6.2 5.2 1.6 3.6 14.5 12.0 2.4 13.4 13.1 0.2

a

The West includes: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon,

 South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The South includes: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, 

 Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

 The North includes: the remaining 24 states.

b

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (62); American Forest and Paper Association (4); 

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

d

Estimated based on current percentage by region

R

Revised

All regions North South Westc
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

59

Table 30―Lumber production in the U.S., 1965-2011 (million board feet)

Luppold and

Year Howarda 89 RPAb USDCc,r AF&PAdr WWPAe Adamsf Finalg Howarda 89 RPAb Total West AF&PAd WWPAe Adamsf Dempseyh,r Finali,r

1965 29,295 29,295 29,295 29,240 28,230 28,149 29,295 9,440 9,431 7,467 161 7,655 7,467 9,447 9,279 9,440

1966 28,847 28,847 28,847 z 27,973 27,879 28,847 9,771 9,771 7,737 204 z 7,737 9,782 9,567 9,771

1967 28,172 28,172 28,172 z 27,069 26,978 28,172 9,311 9,311 7,430 197 z 7,430 9,320 9,114 9,311

1968 29,285 30,224 29,285 z 28,936 28,832 29,285 8,430 8,432 7,188 156 z 7,188 8,795 8,579 8,735

1969 28,342 28,342 28,342 z 27,900 28,193 28,342 7,844 7,849 7,482 157 z 7,482 8,739 8,570 8,727

1970 27,530 27,297 27,530 z 27,107 27,001 27,530 7,715 7,701 7,138 127 z 7,138 8,340 8,203 8,330

1971 30,039 30,040 30,039 z 29,432 29,327 30,039 8,107 8,106 6,949 142 z 6,949 8,454 8,305 8,447

1972 30,975 30,975 30,975 z 30,873 30,763 30,975 8,245 8,230 6,770 139 z 6,770 8,502 8,355 8,494

1973 31,586 31,586 31,586 z 31,289 31,149 31,586 8,792 8,792 7,009 151 z 7,008 8,802 8,641 8,792

1974 27,704 28,357 27,704 z 27,193 27,059 27,704 8,448 8,448 6,904 189 z 6,904 8,459 8,259 8,448

1975 26,747 26,148 26,747 z 25,711 25,602 26,747 7,304 7,304 5,872 146 z 5,872 7,309 7,158 7,304

1976 30,600 30,274 30,571 29,693 29,693 29,510 29,693 7,977 7,978 6,427 177 7,801 6,417 7,983 7,800 7,977

1977 32,700 32,159 32,661 31,737 31,737 31,496 31,737 8,500 8,500 6,701 184 8,317 6,680 8,506 8,316 8,500

1978 33,500 32,585 33,467 32,057 32,057 31,698 32,057 8,960 8,959 7,031 232 8,728 8,728 8,963 8,728 8,960

1979 33,300 31,942 33,255 31,432 31,432 31,044 31,432 9,308 9,305 7,314 238 9,069 9,069 9,313 9,070 9,308

1980 28,200 26,966 28,239 26,246 26,246 25,632 26,246 9,147 9,087 7,115 297 8,860 8,860 9,160 8,860 9,157

1981 25,400 24,956 25,432 24,676 24,676 24,518 24,676 8,046 8,018 6,252 334 7,147 7,147 7,378 7,146 7,480

1982 23,787 24,098 24,949 23,787 23,787 23,631 23,787 7,946 7,854 5,061 329 7,668 7,668 7,995 7,667 7,996

1983 29,726 29,991 28,926 29,726 29,726 29,547 29,726 8,767 8,822 5,627 211 8,556 8,556 8,768 8,556 8,767

1984 31,174 31,192 30,801 31,174 31,174 30,945 31,174 9,844 9,826 6,264 211 9,865 9,865 10,082 9,879 10,090

1985 31,321 30,853 30,479 31,321 31,321 31,092 31,321 9,537 9,474 5,966 204 8,866 8,866 9,597 9,394 9,597

1986 35,273 34,700 34,815 35,273 35,273 35,003 35,273 10,347 10,311 7,184 249 10,877 10,877 10,819 10,228 10,477

1987 38,325 z 37,410 38,235 38,235 38,039 38,235 11,263 z 7,476 253 11,695 11,695 11,465 11,010 11,263

1988 38,130 z 36,845 38,130 38,130 37,826 38,130 11,741 z 7,731 275 12,170 12,170 12,151 11,466 11,741

1989 37,545 z 36,040 37,545 37,225 37,225 37,545 11,944 z 7,536 313 12,415 12,415 12,236 11,743 12,056

1990 35,791 z 36,224 35,791 35,459 35,459 35,791 12,021 z 7,242 374 12,660 12,660 12,369 11,947 12,321

1991 33,161 z 33,064 33,161 32,800 32,800 33,161 11,046 z 6,766 363 11,633 11,633 11,383 10,805 11,168

1992 34,526 z 33,704 34,526 34,151 34,151 34,526 11,423 z 7,050 416 11,639 11,639 11,630 11,007 11,423

1993 32,947 z 34,725 32,947 32,517 32,517 32,947 11,732 z 10,631 438 11,914 11,914 12,170 11,781 12,219

1994 34,107 z 35,556 34,107 33,657 33,657 34,107 11,108 z 10,910 445 12,311 12,311 12,311 11,940 12,385

1995 32,233 z 33,043 32,233 31,782 31,782 32,233 11,307 z 10,928 441 12,434 12,434 12,434 12,203 12,644

1996 33,266 z 34,065 33,266 32,859 32,859 33,266 12,725 z 10,690 449 z z 12,705 12,039 12,488

1997 34,667 z 35,457 34,667 34,663 34,662 34,667 12,921 z 11,103 468 zzz 12,205 12,673

1998 34,677 z 35,896 34,677 34,678 z 34,677 12,729 z 11,367 407 zzz 12,322 12,729

1999 36,605 z 38,033 36,605 36,816 z 36,605 12,927 z 12,523 508 zzz 12,419 12,927

2000 35,964 z 37,147 35,964 35,965 z 35,964 12,598 z 12,298 518 zzz 12,080 12,598

2001 34,581 z 35,479 34,581 34,579 z 34,581 11,834 z 11,109 475 zzz 11,359 11,834

2002 35,830 z 36,329 35,830 36,418 z 35,830 11,750 z 11,122 470 zzz 11,280 11,750

2003 36,607 z 36,687 36,607 36,608 z 36,607 10,494 z 10,494 386 zzz 10,494 10,494

2004 39,075 z 38,502 39,075 39,112 z 39,075 11,059 z 10,954 391 zzz 11,059 11,059

2005 39,770 z 39,770 39,770 40,785 z 39,770 11,158 z 11,158 398 zzz 11,158 11,158

2006 38,726 z 37,718 38,726 38,726 z 38,726 11,014 z 11,026 363 zzz 11,014 11,014

2007 35,158 z 33,751 35,158 35,158 z 35,158 10,608 z 10,608 445 zzz 10,608 10,608

2008 29,177 z 27,363 29,177 29,177 z 29,177 6,787 z 6,496 291 zzz 6,496 6,787

2009 23,240 z 21,912 23,240 23,240 z 23,240 6,989 z 5,010 241 zzz 5,010 6,989

2010 24,802 z 23,718 24,802 24,802 z 24,802 5,659 z 5,339 320 zzz 5,339 5,659

2011 26,754 z z 26,754 26,754 z 26,754 6,230 zzzzzz 6,230 6,230

a

Data derived from table 28.

b

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (49, 54).

c

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (56, 60).

d

1950-1965: National Forest Products Association. 1966. Forest Industry facts 1966. Washington, DC: National Forest Products Association. 31 p.

 1986-Present: American Forest and Paper Association (4).

e

Western Wood Products Associaton (86).

f

Adams, Darius (1).

g

Final estimated Forest Service softwood lumber production series: 1950-1975: USDC Bureau of the Census. 1998. 1976-present AF&PA 1998 (7).

h

Forest Service (26). Estimated Eastern hardwood lumber production.

i

Final estimated Forest Service hardwood lumber production series: 1965-1998: Luppold and Dempsey (26) plus USDC Bureau of the Census 1998 - West (62). Hardwood Market Report (93).

r

1996-1999 numbers revised

USDCc,r

Softwood Hardwood
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

60

Year Total Canada Mexico Otherb Totalc Canada Mexico Otherb Total Canada Mexico Otherb

1965 5,232.4 5,016.6 10.1 205.7 4,898.1 4,855.7 8.1 34.3 334.3 160.9 2.0 171.4

1966 5,200.0 4,920.9 5.2 273.9 4,779.2 4,730.4 3.7 45.1 420.8 190.5 1.5 228.8

1967 5,140.8 4,902.5 5.6 232.7 4,798.1 4,747.1 3.1 47.9 342.7 155.4 2.5 184.8

1968 6,154.2 5,899.2 4.0 251.0 5,809.1 5,750.0 3.2 55.9 345.1 149.2 0.8 195.1

1969 6,300.6 5,963.4 6.6 330.6 5,854.0 5,784.4 5.8 63.8 446.6 179.0 0.8 266.8

1970 6,114.4 5,867.6 7.5 239.3 5,777.7 5,722.5 5.5 49.7 336.7 145.1 2.0 189.6

1971 7,589.4 7,314.5 6.5 268.4 7,231.7 7,172.0 4.9 54.8 357.7 142.5 1.6 213.6

1972 9,433.6 9,029.2 20.5 383.9 8,984.8 8,877.8 18.6 88.4 448.8 151.4 1.9 295.5

1973 9,568.6 8,999.3 20.4 548.9 9,019.9 8,843.9 17.5 158.5 548.7 155.4 2.9 390.4

1974 7,270.8 6,847.3 6.1 417.4 6,821.1 6,732.2 2.4 86.5 449.7 115.1 3.7 330.9

1975 5,975.8 5,738.8 28.5 208.5 5,723.8 5,677.0 0.4 46.4 252.0 61.8 28.1 162.1

1976 8,246.8 7,995.3 1.0 250.5 7,958.5 7,912.6 0.8 45.1 288.3 82.7 0.2 205.4

1977 10,713.3 10,408.0 7.0 298.3 10,369.6 10,327.0 1.2 41.4 343.7 81.0 5.8 256.9

1978 12,214.6 11,879.4 11.9 323.3 11,853.2 11,776.7 11.3 65.2 361.4 102.7 0.6 258.1

1979 11,529.5 11,187.6 4.7 337.2 11,153.3 11,100.9 3.1 49.3 376.2 86.7 1.6 287.9

1980 9,866.1 9,618.7 2.9 244.5 9,572.9 9,546.3 2.5 24.1 293.2 72.4 0.4 220.4

1981 9,523.2 9,285.4 1.8 236.0 9,232.1 9,208.1 1.5 22.5 291.1 77.3 0.3 213.5

1982 9,360.5 9,191.8 6.5 162.2 9,149.5 9,114.9 1.1 33.5 211.0 76.9 5.4 128.7

1983 12,253.5 12,039.6 13.6 200.3 11,993.0 11,962.7 12.0 18.3 260.5 76.9 1.6 182.0

1984 13,632.1 13,342.8 14.6 274.7 13,304.4 13,252.3 11.8 40.3 327.7 90.5 2.8 234.4

1985 14,995.6 14,636.1 12.2 347.3 14,632.0 14,531.7 11.8 88.5 363.6 104.4 0.4 258.8

1986 14,585.1 14,250.0 32.8 302.3 14,238.2 14,142.3 31.9 64.0 346.9 107.7 0.9 238.3

1987 15,191.5 14,763.3 55.1 373.1 14,680.4 14,600.8 54.1 25.5 511.1 162.5 1.0 347.6

1988 13,777.8 12,999.2 72.9 705.7 13,473.0 12,855.2 72.5 545.2 304.8 144.0 0.3 160.5

1989 15,258.4 13,964.2 193.4 1,100.8 14,909.0 13,761.2 193.0 954.8 349.4 202.9 0.4 146.0

1990 13,106.7 11,918.4 360.4 827.8 12,875.0 11,804.7 360.3 710.0 231.7 113.6 0.2 117.8

1991 11,725.2 11,517.6 48.0 159.6 11,515.0 11,410.8 47.8 56.4 210.2 106.8 0.2 103.2

1992 13,449.9 13,207.9 53.3 188.7 13,190.0 13,055.1 53.1 81.9 259.9 152.8 0.2 106.8

1993 15,399.5 15,059.7 51.7 288.1 15,086.0 14,856.2 51.6 178.3 313.5 203.5 0.2 109.8

1994 16,593.3 16,103.5 51.6 438.1 16,224.0 15,871.6 51.4 301.0 369.3 231.9 0.2 137.1

1995 17,556.3 16,989.5 108.8 458.0 17,202.0 16,780.5 106.2 315.3 354.3 209.0 2.7 142.7

1996 18,397.8 17,823.6 120.9 453.3 18,021.0 17,593.2 117.6 310.2 376.8 230.4 3.3 143.1

1997 18,451.2 17,535.7 124.4 791.1 18,000.0 17,235.5 120.0 644.5 451.2 300.2 4.4 146.6

1998 19,234.5 18,227.8 70.1 936.7 18,685.7 17,838.0 66.5 781.2 548.8 389.8 3.5 155.5

1999 19,854.2 18,486.5 58.3 1,309.4 19,178.0 18,021.2 56.9 1,099.9 676.2 465.4 1.4 209.5

2000 20,243.3 18,615.6 31.3 1,596.4 19,448.6 18,104.8 30.5 1,313.4 794.7 510.8 0.8 283.0

2001 20,720.1 18,930.3 27.7 1,762.1 20,074.5 18,503.0 27.2 1,544.3 645.6 427.3 0.5 217.8

2002 21,724.1 19,397.3 19.6 2,307.2 20,985.6 18,922.8 19.2 2,043.7 738.5 474.5 0.4 263.6

2003 21,981.2 19,709.0 15.3 2,256.9 21,187.7 19,257.8 15.0 1,914.9 793.5 451.2 0.3 342.0

2004 25,492.9 21,330.7 20.0 4,142.3 24,498.3 20,844.3 19.2 3,634.8 994.6 486.4 0.7 507.5

2005 25,753.1 21,840.7 16.0 3,896.5 24,678.0 21,367.6 15.0 3,295.4 1,075.1 473.1 1.0 601.0

2006 23,527.3 20,367.0 12.9 3,147.4 22,764.3 20,017.4 11.9 2,735.0 763.1 349.6 1.0 412.4

2007 18,906.0 16,775.4 13.1 2,117.6 18,385.0 16,571.6 12.2 1,801.2 521.0 203.7 0.8 316.4

2008 13,042.2 11,652.8 8.9 1,380.5 12,681.0 11,516.6 7.7 1,156.7 361.2 136.2 1.2 223.8

2009 9,236.3 8,393.0 3.8 839.6 8,855.0 8,303.0 2.3 549.7 381.3 90.0 1.4 289.9

2010 9,768.7 9,150.5 3.0 615.2 9,468.0 9,033.0 2.2 432.8 300.7 117.5 0.8 182.4

2011 9,632.8 8,945.5 2.4 685.0 9,289.0 8,848.0 1.5 439.5 343.8 97.5 0.9 245.5

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91); U.S. International Trade Commission (84); 

 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (56, 57, 62); Western Wood Products Association (86).

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

For the years 1974 to 1977, all imports with a value of less than $500 are included in Other.

c

Includes small volumes of hardwoods.

Table 31—United States lumber imports, by softwoods and hardwoods and country of origin, 1965–2011

 (million board feet)a

All species Softwoods Hardwoods
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

61

All species Softwoods Hardwoods

Central Central Central 

and and and

European South European South European South

Year Total Canada Unionb Americac Japan Other Total Canada Union America Japan Other Total Canada Union America Japan Other

1965 2,169.1 672.8 588.6 2.6 249.5 655.6 1,838.2 434.2 541.1 2.4 243.3 617.1 330.9 238.6 47.4 0.2 6.1 38.5

1966 2,413.3 729.2 590.5 3.1 411.6 679.0 2,048.2 440.1 543.5 2.8 404.3 657.5 365.1 289.1 47.0 0.2 7.3 21.5

1967 2,665.6 797.7 616.0 2.6 627.3 622.1 2,277.9 489.9 568.8 2.6 615.3 601.3 387.7 307.7 47.2 0.0 12.0 20.8

1968 2,741.6 697.1 718.1 2.8 681.1 642.4 2,473.5 496.5 681.8 2.6 672.1 620.4 268.1 200.6 36.3 0.2 9.0 21.9

1969 2,695.6 672.6 656.8 2.6 748.8 614.8 2,416.2 468.0 624.5 2.4 730.7 590.7 279.4 204.6 32.3 0.2 18.2 24.1

1970 2,934.4 637.0 706.3 3.1 905.1 683.0 2,632.6 478.1 665.0 2.6 848.7 638.1 301.8 158.8 41.3 0.5 56.4 44.8

1971 2,580.9 682.7 564.0 2.4 762.5 569.2 2,202.6 486.9 504.6 2.1 678.3 530.8 378.3 195.9 59.5 0.2 84.3 38.5

1972 3,370.8 990.0 675.0 2.4 1,129.7 573.7 2,811.0 684.6 632.2 2.1 961.0 531.0 559.8 305.4 42.7 0.2 168.7 42.7

1973 4,639.5 1,294.2 1,220.1 2.8 1,343.1 779.3 4,136.4 916.9 1,152.4 2.4 1,332.0 732.8 503.2 377.4 67.7 0.5 11.1 46.5

1974 4,166.3 1,232.6 819.9 2.6 1,354.4 756.9 3,696.9 902.0 734.7 2.4 1,346.4 711.5 469.4 330.6 85.2 0.2 8.0 45.3

1975 3,818.7 1,296.6 578.0 3.1 1,219.6 721.5 3,316.7 938.1 516.1 2.6 1,216.1 643.8 502.0 358.5 61.8 0.5 3.5 77.6

1976 4,356.6 1,462.5 836.6 3.3 1,128.1 926.1 3,789.0 1,033.4 746.5 3.1 1,121.2 884.8 567.6 429.0 90.2 0.2 6.8 41.3

1977 3,930.8 1,268.3 794.4 3.5 1,037.5 827.2 3,369.4 862.6 681.1 3.3 1,030.6 791.8 561.4 405.7 113.3 0.2 6.8 35.4

1978 4,108.5 1,530.2 819.9 3.1 970.7 784.7 3,195.2 883.6 607.9 3.1 961.9 738.7 913.3 646.6 211.9 0.0 8.7 46.0

1979 5,160.1 1,537.5 1,076.4 4.7 1,528.3 1,013.1 4,203.9 1,009.1 815.6 4.5 1,511.6 863.1 852.2 528.4 260.8 0.2 16.8 46.0

1980 5,916.0 1,489.9 1,403.5 8.5 1,531.4 1,482.8 4,735.3 916.4 1,012.9 7.6 1,496.0 1,302.5 1,150.5 573.5 390.6 0.9 35.4 150.1

1981 5,614.4 1,720.7 940.0 9.4 1,237.3 1,707.0 4,549.6 1,201.5 553.2 8.5 1,195.3 1,591.1 1,129.3 519.2 386.8 0.9 42.0 180.3

1982 4,838.7 988.6 969.0 7.3 1,481.8 1,391.9 3,858.4 618.1 585.8 6.8 1,441.3 1,206.4 910.7 370.5 383.3 0.5 40.6 115.9

1983 5,473.1 1,567.3 1,082.8 5.4 1,490.6 1,327.0 4,143.2 1,022.4 685.8 4.7 1,404.9 1,025.4 1,213.7 544.9 397.0 0.7 85.7 185.5

1984 5,005.6 1,311.5 814.2 6.4 1,421.7 1,451.9 3,831.7 820.6 500.3 5.0 1,286.2 1,219.6 1,243.2 490.9 313.9 1.4 135.5 301.6

1985 4,344.5 1,017.9 653.7 12.5 1,457.5 1,202.9 3,351.4 709.7 418.4 11.1 1,355.1 857.2 879.6 308.2 235.3 1.4 102.4 232.2

1986 5,715.9 1,203.8 932.9 25.0 2,096.4 1,457.8 4,456.6 852.4 597.8 23.6 1,951.7 1,031.1 1,178.3 351.4 335.1 1.4 144.7 345.7

1987 7,648.8 1,529.3 1,246.3 21.2 2,833.2 2,018.7 5,774.9 1,052.1 730.4 19.1 2,542.2 1,431.1 1,712.9 477.2 515.9 2.1 291.0 426.7

1988 10,260.8 1,778.7 2,102.8 11.8 3,616.5 2,751.1 7,616.9 1,165.6 1,157.6 8.3 3,020.8 2,264.7 2,745.2 613.1 945.2 3.5 595.7 587.6

1989 9,763.0 1,516.8 1,588.5 18.2 3,809.6 2,829.9 7,881.4 1,078.7 936.9 15.8 3,440.4 2,409.6 1,947.6 438.1 651.6 2.4 369.2 486.4

1990 10,890.1 1,552.0 1,618.5 15.8 2,998.0 4,705.8 8,856.8 997.5 972.3 14.2 2,702.4 4,170.4 1,918.2 554.5 646.2 1.7 295.6 420.3

1991 9,157.1 1,332.9 1,778.7 25.3 2,869.1 3,151.1 7,078.9 862.4 1,012.9 24.1 2,563.2 2,616.3 2,078.8 470.5 765.8 1.2 305.9 535.5

1992 8,289.6 1,349.3 1,734.8 21.9 2,626.4 2,557.1 6,058.9 740.5 942.1 19.6 2,368.4 1,988.3 2,196.7 608.8 792.7 2.4 258.0 534.8

1993 7,741.4 1,335.9 1,293.5 11.1 2,786.0 2,314.9 5,407.9 630.2 573.0 8.7 2,509.0 1,686.9 2,274.3 705.7 720.5 2.4 277.0 568.8

1994 7,352.0 1,441.2 1,283.4 17.0 2,493.5 2,116.9 4,904.1 673.9 544.0 15.1 2,261.8 1,409.4 2,368.4 767.3 739.4 1.9 231.7 628.0

1995 6,980.4 1,534.7 1,211.6 13.9 2,308.6 1,911.6 4,418.2 737.5 475.5 11.1 2,057.0 1,137.0 2,495.2 797.2 736.1 2.8 251.6 707.5

1996 6,839.0 1,567.7 1,145.3 17.0 2,268.7 1,840.3 4,221.3 737.0 420.6 12.5 2,031.3 1,020.0 2,571.9 830.7 724.8 4.5 237.4 774.6

1997 6,922.8 1,683.4 1,397.8 37.5 1,880.0 1,924.1 4,034.2 777.1 486.6 33.0 1,633.6 1,103.8 2,888.6 906.2 911.2 4.5 246.4 820.3

1998 5,166.9 1,360.1 1,323.4 36.1 838.9 1,608.4 2,664.8 544.2 488.4 25.5 702.1 904.6 2,502.1 815.9 835.0 10.6 136.7 703.8

1999 6,014.6 1,556.0 1,311.8 26.2 833.6 2,287.0 3,224.9 602.7 505.6 17.1 681.4 1,418.2 2,789.7 953.3 806.2 9.1 152.2 868.8

2000 6,372.0 1,653.8 1,195.3 29.9 767.9 2,725.1 3,304.0 625.8 358.3 25.0 648.6 1,646.3 3,068.0 1,028.0 837.0 4.9 119.3 1,078.8

2001 5,169.1 1,348.2 923.4 12.1 534.8 2,350.6 2,286.4 439.8 203.8 5.7 425.4 1,211.6 2,882.7 908.4 719.6 6.3 109.5 1,139.0

2002 5,158.3 1,380.5 844.2 9.7 365.4 2,558.4 2,280.7 411.5 172.7 5.4 271.9 1,419.2 2,877.5 969.0 671.5 4.3 93.5 1,139.2

2003 4,997.5 1,494.8 820.8 6.7 351.7 2,323.5 2,258.5 475.5 179.2 3.3 263.2 1,337.2 2,739.0 1,019.3 641.5 3.5 88.5 986.2

2004 4,950.6 1,485.2 801.5 17.3 281.4 2,365.1 1,937.6 448.1 127.3 5.1 194.6 1,162.5 3,013.0 1,037.1 674.2 12.3 86.8 1,202.6

2005 5,170.9 1,531.7 815.9 23.6 187.6 2,612.0 2,116.9 535.2 155.2 13.2 116.1 1,297.3 3,054.0 996.6 660.7 10.4 71.5 1,314.7

2006 5,568.0 1,473.8 907.0 20.3 193.1 2,973.9 2,194.8 553.8 183.4 7.2 117.4 1,333.0 3,373.2 919.9 723.6 13.0 75.8 1,640.9

2007 5,175.5 1,414.4 841.2 24.9 200.3 2,694.7 2,343.5 580.2 194.4 16.2 154.5 1,398.3 2,832.0 834.2 646.8 8.8 45.9 1,296.4

2008 5,068.3 1,347.0 547.1 44.4 270.8 2,859.0 2,839.1 650.4 94.5 39.0 237.0 1,818.3 2,229.3 696.6 452.6 5.5 33.8 1,040.8

2009 4,210.2 1,074.8 412.0 57.7 300.8 2,364.9 2,319.9 603.7 58.7 52.4 268.7 1,336.3 1,890.4 471.1 353.3 5.3 32.1 1,028.5

2010 3,630.9 1,465.1 493.8 51.4 421.5 1,199.2 3,178.9 894.7 72.7 46.6 377.7 1,787.2 452.0 570.3 421.1 4.8 43.8 -588.0

2011 4,378.1 1,351.4 463.4 22.0 461.5 2,079.8 3,934.1 787.3 68.6 16.1 409.4 2,652.8 444.0 564.2 394.8 5.9 52.1 -573.0

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (41); Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

b

Includes Belgium–Luxembourg, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Trieste, and the United Kingdom. c

Includes Mexico.

Table 32—United States lumber exports, by softwoods and hardwoods and country or region of destination, 1965–2011 (cubic meters) a
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

62

Table 33—Lumbera production in Canada, by softwoods and hardwoods and region, 

1965–2011 (billion board feet)b

Other British Other

Year All species Total Total Coast Interior Canada Total Columbia Canada

1965 10.8 10.3 7.4 3.6 3.8 2.9 0.5 z 0.5

1966 10.6 10.0 7.3 3.7 3.6 2.7 0.6 z 0.6

1967 10.3 9.7 7.1 3.9 3.2 2.6 0.6 z 0.6

1968 11.4 10.8 7.8 4.1 3.7 3.0 0.6 d 0.6

1969 11.5 11.0 7.7 3.8 3.9 3.3 0.5 d 0.5

1970 11.3 10.8 7.7 3.8 3.9 3.1 0.5 d 0.5

1971 12.8 12.3 9.0 4.2 4.8 3.3 0.5 d 0.5

1972 13.9 13.4 9.5 4.0 5.5 3.9 0.5 d 0.5

1973 15.5 14.9 10.4 4.4 6.0 4.5 0.6 d 0.6

1974 13.6 13.0 8.7 3.4 5.3 4.3 0.6 d 0.6

1975 11.5 11.1 7.4 2.5 4.9 3.7 0.4 d 0.4

1976 15.6 15.1 10.6 4.0 6.6 4.5 0.5 d 0.5

1977 17.6 17.2 12.0 4.5 7.5 5.2 0.4 d 0.4

1978 19.0 18.4 12.5 4.8 7.7 5.9 0.6 d 0.6

1979 19.8 19.3 12.9 4.7 8.2 6.4 0.5 d 0.5

1980 19.0 18.4 11.9 4.2 7.7 6.5 0.6 d 0.6

1981 17.0 16.6 10.4 3.5 6.9 6.2 0.4 d 0.4

1982 15.6 15.2 9.9 3.0 6.9 5.3 0.4 d 0.4

1983 20.5 20.1 13.0 4.1 8.9 7.1 0.4 d 0.4

1984 20.7 20.2 13.1 3.9 9.2 7.1 0.5 d 0.5

1985 22.0 21.6 13.6 3.6 10.0 8.0 0.4 d 0.4

1986 22.4 21.9 13.1 3.7 9.4 8.8 0.5 d 0.5

1987 26.2 25.6 15.9 4.7 11.2 9.7 0.6 d 0.6

1988 25.7 25.1 15.6 4.6 11.0 9.5 0.6 d 0.6

1989 25.0 24.5 15.2 4.1 11.1 9.3 0.5 d 0.5

1990 23.1 22.7 14.2 3.8 10.4 8.5 0.4 d 0.4

1991 21.9 21.5 13.3 3.5 9.8 8.2 0.4 d 0.4

1992 23.6 23.1 14.1 3.5 10.6 9.0 0.5 d 0.5

1993 25.3 24.8 14.4 3.6 10.8 10.4 0.5 d 0.5

1994 26.1 25.6 14.3 3.7 10.6 11.3 0.5 d 0.5

1995 26.0 25.5 13.8 3.5 10.4 11.7 0.5 d 0.5

1996 27.0 26.6 13.8 3.5 10.4 12.7 0.4 d 0.4

1997 27.4 27.1 13.4 3.3 10.0 13.7 0.4 d 0.4

1998 27.5 27.2 12.8 2.7 10.1 14.4 0.4 d 0.4

1999 29.5 29.2 13.5 2.8 10.7 15.7 0.4 d 0.4

2000 29.8 29.4 13.6 2.9 10.8 15.8 0.4 d 0.4

2001 28.2 27.8 12.8 2.2 10.5 15.0 0.4 d 0.4

2002 30.9 29.5 13.7 2.2 11.5 15.8 1.4 d 1.4

2003 29.8 29.4 13.7 2.2 11.6 15.7 0.4 d 0.4

2004 30.3 29.9 13.9 2.2 11.8 16.0 0.4 d 0.4

2005 26.3 25.9 13.1 z z 12.8 0.4 d 0.4

2006 34.0 33.6 17.4 z z 16.2 0.4 d 0.4

2007 30.3 29.9 15.5 z z 14.4 0.4 d 0.4

2008 24.1 23.7 11.9 z z 11.7 0.4 d 0.4

2009 19.2 18.8 9.7 z z 9.1 0.4 d 0.4

2010 22.6 22.2 11.5 z z 10.7 0.4 d 0.4

2011 22.8 22.4 12.3 z z 10.1 0.4 d 0.4 a

Does not include sawn ties.

b

Natural Resources Canada (30); Statistics Canada (36,37,38); 

Wood Markets (87); Bilateral Trade-Canada (28);

Western Wood Products Association (86).

Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

c

Includes small volumes of hardwoods.

d

Fewer than 50 million board feet.

z

Not available.

Softwoods Hardwoods

British Columbiac
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

63

Table 34—Lumber and competing engineered wood products production, by type of product, 1970-2012

Oriented Softwood

Wood laminated strandboard plywood

veneer lumbera Wood glulama Wood I-Joistsa Million Million Hardwood Softwood

Million Million Million square feet square feet Billion Billion 

Year cubic feet board feet linear feet (3/8-in. basis) (3/8-in. basis) board feet board feet

1970 z z zz 14,340 8.3 27.5

1971 z z zz 16,635 8.4 30.0

1972 z z zz 18,324 8.5 31.0

1973 z z zz 18,305 8.8 31.6

1974 z z zz 15,878 8.4 27.7

1975 z z zz 16,050 7.3 26.7

1976 z z zz 18,440 8.0 29.7

1977 z z zz 19,376 8.5 31.7

1978 z z zz 19,964 9.0 32.1

1979 z z zz 19,653 9.3 31.4

1980 3 204 45 135 16,333 9.2 26.2

1981 4 190 45 271 16,752 7.5 24.7

1982 4 164 54 557 15,846 8.0 23.8

1983 5 192 63 1,341 19,480 8.8 29.7

1984 5 229 72 2,042 19,926 10.1 31.2

1985 7 246 90 2,669 20,169 9.6 31.3

1986 8 330 99 3,513 22,118 10.5 35.3

1987 9 279 108 4,076 22,899 11.3 38.2

1988 11 298 108 4,604 22,599 11.7 38.1

1989 12 322 117 5,105 21,385 12.1 37.5

1990 16 324 122 5,418 20,919 12.3 35.8

1991 16 265 158 5,613 18,652 11.2 33.2

1992 17 258 252 6,653 19,332 11.4 34.5

1993 21 239 358 7,002 19,315 12.2 32.9

1994 23 264 380 7,486 19,638 12.4 34.1

1995 28 282 358 7,903 19,367 12.6 32.2

1996 32 309 444 9,314 19,181 12.5 33.3

1997 38 300 547 10,534 17,963 12.7 34.7

1998 41 287 619 11,227 17,776 12.7 34.7

1999 48 316 733 11,612 17,816 12.9 36.6

2000 48 356 693 11,906 17,475 12.6 36.0

2001 53 335 746 12,532 15,121 11.8 34.6

2002 56 321 756 13,426 15,200 11.8 35.8

2003 68 344 1,075 13,615 14,706 10.5 36.6

2004 86 402 1,282 14,271 14,665 11.1 39.1

2005 91 491 1,263 14,985 14,330 11.2 39.8

2006 80 461 804 14,960 13,428 11.0 38.7

2007 68 358 656 14,763 12,243 10.6 35.2

2008 47 256 424 13,003 10,237 6.8 29.2

2009 30 167 257 9,598 8,608 7.0 23.2

2010 37 176 299 10,299 9,131 5.7 24.8

2011 38 184 293 10,039 8,980 6.2 26.8

a

APA-The Engineered Wood Association (11,12).

b

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (62); American Forest and Paper Association (4);

 Luppold and Dempsey (26).

z

Data not available.

Lumberb

Structural panelsa
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

64

All

comYear modities Actual Relativeb Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 25.3 18.3 72.5 15.5 61.3 14.0 55.4 15.7 62.1 17.1 67.6 21.3 84.2

1966 26.1 19.1 73.4 16.6 63.5 14.7 56.4 16.5 63.1 18.8 72.0 23.8 91.2

1967 26.2 19.1 72.8 16.6 63.3 15.1 57.7 17.0 65.0 18.8 71.8 21.9 83.6

1968 26.8 21.6 80.7 19.4 72.3 18.2 67.8 20.5 76.3 21.4 79.8 22.8 85.2

1969 27.9 23.9 85.8 21.8 78.0 20.3 72.6 22.5 80.5 23.7 85.0 26.3 94.3

1970 28.9 21.7 75.0 18.8 65.0 17.0 58.9 18.5 63.9 21.5 74.5 25.1 86.8

1971 29.9 24.3 81.5 22.5 75.4 21.3 71.2 23.8 79.8 25.2 84.3 24.8 83.0

1972 31.2 27.6 88.5 26.4 84.6 25.2 80.9 27.4 88.0 28.5 91.3 27.6 88.5

1973 35.3 33.8 95.9 33.9 96.1 32.3 91.5 35.6 101.0 35.3 100.0 37.0 104.8

1974 41.9 35.1 83.7 34.2 81.7 31.8 75.9 36.4 86.8 34.6 82.6 41.5 99.0

1975 45.8 33.8 73.9 31.8 69.5 30.2 65.9 36.0 78.7 33.0 72.0 35.1 76.7

1976 47.9 39.2 82.0 38.6 80.5 37.4 78.0 42.7 89.1 40.8 85.2 38.6 80.6

1977 50.9 45.1 88.8 45.7 89.8 44.8 88.0 49.6 97.5 49.3 96.9 43.8 86.2

1978 54.8 52.7 96.2 53.3 97.2 52.1 95.1 57.8 105.5 57.2 104.5 51.7 94.3

1979 61.7 57.4 93.1 58.5 94.9 57.2 92.7 65.3 105.9 60.9 98.8 56.9 92.3

1980 70.4 55.2 78.4 53.9 76.5 52.0 73.8 60.1 85.4 55.9 79.4 55.1 78.3

1981 76.8 55.9 72.8 53.7 69.9 51.6 67.2 53.0 69.1 54.8 71.4 55.9 72.8

1982 78.4 54.4 69.4 51.4 65.6 48.4 61.8 45.3 57.8 53.7 68.5 57.5 73.3

1983 79.4 58.7 73.9 58.3 73.5 55.7 70.2 61.5 77.5 60.1 75.7 62.1 78.2

1984 81.3 58.8 72.3 57.8 71.1 53.2 65.5 55.8 68.6 60.1 74.0 70.0 86.1

1985 80.9 58.0 71.7 56.3 69.6 52.0 64.3 57.3 70.9 56.5 69.9 67.2 83.1

1986 78.5 58.3 74.3 56.8 72.3 52.5 66.8 56.4 71.8 56.4 71.8 67.9 86.4

1987 80.6 61.3 76.1 60.7 75.3 56.2 69.8 56.6 70.3 61.3 76.1 72.8 90.4

1988 83.8 64.7 77.2 62.7 74.8 58.1 69.4 61.5 73.4 60.4 72.1 75.2 89.8

1989 87.9 68.9 78.4 64.6 73.4 61.5 70.0 68.7 78.1 58.1 66.0 73.6 83.7

1990 91.1 70.6 77.5 64.0 70.3 59.9 65.8 62.7 68.8 59.8 65.6 75.2 82.5

1991 91.3 71.9 78.7 64.2 70.3 60.9 66.7 63.2 69.2 59.7 68.6 73.9 80.9

1992 91.8 79.8 86.8 74.3 80.9 71.9 78.2 76.6 83.4 70.1 76.4 80.7 87.9

1993 93.2 94.7 101.6 94.2 101.1 93.5 100.3 107.6 115.5 90.7 97.3 93.8 100.7

1994 94.4 98.0 103.9 97.0 102.8 95.9 101.7 107.1 113.5 98.0 103.9 96.7 102.5

1995 97.7 96.9 99.2 89.1 91.1 86.5 88.5 90.0 92.1 89.7 91.8 96.0 98.2

1996 100.1 95.9 95.8 92.4 92.3 91.9 91.8 103.8 103.8 95.4 95.4 94.2 94.1

1997 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1998 97.5 97.4 100.0 90.9 93.3 88.4 90.7 84.2 86.4 95.1 97.5 102.7 105.3

1999 98.4 99.9 101.6 95.4 97.0 94.9 96.5 96.1 97.7 99.8 101.5 101.9 103.6

2000 104.0 97.0 93.2 90.6 87.1 86.5 83.2 83.9 80.7 86.5 83.2 106.8 102.7

2001 105.2 94.9 90.2 87.0 82.7 82.4 78.3 80.7 76.7 82.0 77.9 104.2 99.0

2002 102.7 94.3 91.8 86.5 84.1 82.7 80.5 80.8 78.7 78.0 75.9 102.4 99.7

2003 108.2 96.5 89.2 88.3 81.6 82.7 76.4 80.0 73.9 78.1 72.2 108.5 100.2

2004 115.0 106.4 92.6 103.2 89.7 101.6 88.4 - - - - 114.5 99.6

2005 123.4 106.9 86.7 100.6 81.6 98.6 79.9 - - - - 112.9 91.6

2006 129.2 105.8 81.9 95.6 74.0 91.7 71.0 - - - - 112.2 86.9

2007 135.5 104.7 77.3 88.5 65.3 82.6 60.9 - - - - 110.5 81.6

2008 148.6 104.1 70.0 82.9 55.8 75.7 50.9 - - - - 106.0 71.3

2009 135.5 99.5 73.4 75.7 55.9 68.5 50.5 - - - - 98.4 72.6

2010 144.7 104.8 72.4 84.8 58.6 77.9 53.8 - - - - 107.6 74.3

2011 157.5 105.9 67.3 84.4 53.6 77.7 49.3 - - - - 106.7 67.8

*discontinued series

Table 35—Producer price indexes for lumber and selected nonwood competing materials, 1965–2011

 (1997 = 100)a

Lumber and All hardwood

wood products All lumber All Douglas-fir* Southern Pine* lumber

Softwood lumber
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

65

Year Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 24.3 95.9 20.4 80.5 z z 23.8 93.8 23.3 92.1

1966 24.9 95.4 20.9 79.9 z z 24.1 92.4 23.6 90.4

1967 25.2 96.2 21.4 81.6 41.7 159.5 24.7 94.4 24.1 92.1

1968 25.8 96.3 22.2 82.9 43.5 162.3 25.4 94.6 24.8 92.5

1969 27.3 97.9 23.2 83.0 45.7 163.8 26.3 94.4 25.9 92.8

1970 29.4 101.5 24.2 83.5 48.2 166.7 27.7 95.9 27.4 94.6

1971 29.9 100.1 25.1 84.2 51.3 171.9 29.8 99.7 29.6 99.1

1972 31.0 99.5 25.8 82.6 51.1 163.7 31.0 99.5 30.8 98.8

1973 33.4 94.7 26.6 75.5 50.6 143.5 32.5 92.2 32.2 91.2

1974 43.3 103.2 31.5 75.1 53.7 128.2 37.4 89.3 37.0 88.1

1975 46.7 102.0 34.7 75.8 58.0 126.7 42.1 92.1 41.5 90.6

1976 49.3 103.0 36.6 76.5 62.5 130.6 44.5 92.9 44.4 92.7

1977 52.6 103.4 40.3 79.2 67.0 131.8 47.4 93.1 47.4 93.2

1978 57.1 104.3 44.4 81.0 72.0 131.5 52.9 96.5 52.8 96.4

1979 65.3 105.8 49.1 79.5 76.6 124.3 60.3 97.8 60.2 97.6

1980 72.1 102.4 54.5 77.5 81.9 116.4 67.6 96.1 67.9 96.4

1981 75.6 98.4 59.6 77.6 88.6 115.4 71.9 93.6 72.4 94.2

1982 75.9 96.8 62.1 79.2 92.3 117.8 73.5 93.8 73.8 94.1

1983 77.2 97.3 63.8 80.4 95.8 120.6 74.6 93.9 74.7 94.1

1984 79.5 97.9 66.2 81.4 93.6 115.2 764.0 940.1 76.9 94.7

1985 79.2 97.9 66.6 82.4 93.9 116.1 79.0 97.7 79.0 97.7

1986 78.3 99.7 67.6 86.1 96.5 122.9 80.3 102.3 79.4 101.2

1987 81.3 100.9 69.5 86.3 99.0 122.9 80.4 99.8 79.1 98.2

1988 90.1 107.5 76.0 90.7 101.3 120.9 80.9 96.5 79.6 95.0

1989 94.2 107.1 80.7 91.8 101.3 115.2 81.8 93.0 80.6 91.7

1990 93.3 102.3 81.6 89.5 99.3 108.9 83.5 91.6 82.5 90.6

1991 91.2 99.9 83.6 91.5 97.8 107.1 85.7 93.9 84.6 92.7

1992 90.4 98.5 83.8 91.2 98.4 107.2 86.2 93.8 85.0 92.5

1993 90.4 97.1 84.8 91.0 99.1 106.3 88.4 94.9 87.6 94.0

1994 94.7 100.4 88.2 93.4 101.9 108.0 91.5 97.0 91.2 96.7

1995 102.1 104.4 97.2 99.4 104.5 107.0 95.1 97.4 95.1 97.4

1996 99.4 99.3 98.9 98.8 101.6 101.5 97.9 97.9 98.2 98.1

1997 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1998 97.0 99.5 100.3 102.9 99.0 101.5 103.0 105.7 103.1 105.8

1999 94.5 96.1 100.7 102.4 98.2 99.9 105.6 107.4 105.7 107.4

2000 97.2 93.5 102.5 98.6 101.3 97.4 108.6 104.5 108.5 104.4

2001 95.2 90.5 103.7 98.6 103.4 98.3 111.5 106.0 110.9 105.4

2002 95.5 93.0 104.3 101.5 102.7 99.9 112.2 109.2 110.8 107.9

2003 98.0 90.6 105.5 97.5 102.5 94.7 112.9 104.3 111.3 102.8

2004 113.5 98.7 109.1 94.9 100.3 87.2 118.5 103.1 117.1 101.8

2005 122.0 98.9 114.8 93.1 102.5 83.1 130.2 105.6 131.1 106.3

2006 137.8 106.7 119.8 92.7 104.8 81.1 143.4 111.0 146.5 113.5

2007 146.8 108.4 122.5 90.4 105.4 77.8 149.6 110.4 152.9 112.8

2008 161.6 108.8 127.6 85.9 107.0 72.0 154.8 104.2 156.9 105.6

2009 141.7 104.6 129.9 95.9 106.2 78.4 157.3 116.1 160.7 118.6

2010 157.5 108.8 129.2 89.3 102.7 70.9 154.8 106.9 156.9 108.4

2011 171.4 108.8 136.0 86.3 104.1 66.1 154.9 98.4 155.9 99.0

Table 35—Producer price indexes for lumber and selected nonwood competing materials, 1965–2011

(1997 = 100)a

—Con.

Metals and metal Metal doors, Concrete Ready mixed

products sash, and trim Flat glass products concrete
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

66

Year Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 33.7 133.3 28.7 113.4 23.1 91.4 53.7 212.3 26.9 106.3

1966 34.2 131.0 30.1 115.2 22.8 87.3 53.5 205.0 26.7 102.3

1967 34.9 133.3 29.3 112.1 22.9 87.5 51.0 194.8 26.5 101.3

1968 35.9 134.0 30.5 113.7 23.7 88.5 51.3 191.4 27.2 101.6

1969 37.1 132.9 30.4 108.8 23.7 85.0 51.3 183.9 26.5 95.0

1970 38.1 131.7 29.8 103.2 22.8 78.8 50.4 174.4 26.6 91.9

1971 39.8 133.3 37.1 124.3 25.0 83.7 49.3 165.1 27.6 92.3

1972 40.0 128.1 39.2 125.6 26.2 84.1 49.0 157.0 27.7 88.7

1973 41.5 117.8 40.6 115.2 27.6 78.4 51.5 146.0 27.9 79.0

1974 45.4 108.2 55.8 133.0 31.4 75.0 56.5 134.8 33.3 79.5

1975 50.7 110.8 63.9 139.7 32.9 71.9 58.4 127.5 39.3 86.0

1976 54.5 113.8 67.9 141.8 35.3 73.7 60.1 125.4 43.2 90.3

1977 55.4 109.0 72.3 142.2 42.0 82.5 62.2 122.2 45.6 89.6

1978 55.1 100.6 84.7 154.6 52.4 95.7 64.4 117.5 47.8 87.3

1979 59.8 96.9 92.4 149.9 57.7 93.5 66.2 107.4 52.8 85.6

1980 63.2 89.8 109.3 155.4 58.6 83.3 72.1 102.5 60.5 85.9

1981 68.6 89.4 105.3 137.1 58.6 76.3 80.1 104.3 63.7 82.9

1982 72.3 92.2 103.6 132.2 58.6 74.7 81.1 103.4 64.8 82.7

1983 75.0 94.5 97.5 122.8 65.4 82.4 82.8 104.4 66.6 83.9

1984 77.8 95.8 101.3 124.6 79.3 97.6 85.4 105.0 68.7 84.6

1985 81.9 101.2 104.2 128.8 77.5 95.8 84.5 104.5 71.6 88.6

1986 86.0 109.5 100.3 127.8 80.2 102.2 86.7 110.5 73.5 93.6

1987 88.9 110.4 95.2 118.2 73.3 91.0 88.6 110.0 75.3 93.4

1988 91.9 109.7 97.8 116.8 66.1 78.9 91.5 109.2 79.4 94.8

1989 94.1 107.0 99.1 112.7 64.4 73.2 93.6 106.5 84.2 95.8

1990 95.7 105.0 99.3 108.9 61.6 67.6 94.8 104.1 86.2 94.6

1991 94.7 103.8 99.7 109.2 58.1 63.7 95.4 104.5 90.2 98.8

1992 95.8 104.3 97.7 106.4 58.7 63.9 94.9 103.3 92.1 100.2

1993 96.5 103.5 98.4 105.6 63.4 68.1 94.6 101.5 94.1 101.0

1994 98.0 103.8 96.3 102.0 79.6 84.4 95.6 101.3 95.5 101.2

1995 99.7 102.0 101.4 103.7 90.5 92.6 97.1 99.4 99.3 101.6

1996 99.9 99.9 100.9 100.9 90.2 90.1 99.1 99.0 99.7 99.6

1997 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1998 97.0 99.5 100.1 102.7 104.0 106.7 100.5 103.1 99.8 102.3

1999 97.5 99.1 99.6 101.3 121.8 123.9 99.3 100.9 99.1 100.8

2000 95.0 91.4 104.6 100.6 118.0 113.4 101.4 97.5 99.6 95.8

2001 87.9 83.6 108.1 102.8 91.6 87.1 102.3 97.3 98.2 93.4

2002 76.7 74.7 111.6 108.6 98.9 96.3 102.5 99.8 99.1 96.4

2003 76.7 70.9 115.7 106.9 100.4 92.8 105.2 97.2 101.2 93.5

2004 77.1 67.1 116.5 101.3 116.4 101.3 107.8 93.7 103.4 89.9

2005 79.0 64.1 130.8 106.0 134.5 109.0 116.0 94.0 109.6 88.8

2006 80.8 62.5 143.4 111.0 161.0 124.7 122.8 95.1 113.6 87.9

2007 80.7 59.6 146.2 107.9 136.5 100.7 124.3 91.7 116.6 86.0

2008 83.2 56.0 184.9 124.4 124.9 84.0 126.8 85.3 124.8 84.0

2009 82.4 60.8 228.2 168.4 125.2 92.4 132.5 97.8 128.4 94.7

2010 82.6 57.1 229.1 158.3 121.0 83.6 133.6 92.3 131.7 91.0

2011 82.3 52.2 236.5 150.1 118.2 75.1 138.6 88.0 140.4 89.1

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (77,78).

b

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities price index. c

Ceramic floor and wall tile.

d

Prepared asphalt and tar roofing and siding products. z

Not available

p

Preliminary

Ceramic tile floor covering c roofingd Gypsum products floor covering

Table 35—Producer price indexes for lumber and selected nonwood competing materials, 1965–2011

 (1997 = 100)a

—Con.

Prepared asphalt Soft surface Hard surface
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

67

Table 36—Relativea producer price index for lumber, 1800–2011 (1997 = 100)

b

All All All All All All

Year lumber Year lumber Year lumber Year lumber Year lumber Year Lumber

1800 5.0 1840 12.6 1881 20.7 1922 40.3 1963 75.1 2004 101.6

1801 5.2 1841 13.0 1882 21.1 1923 43.7 1964 76.7 2005 98.6

1802 6.2 1842 12.9 1883 20.9 1924 39.8 1965 61.3 2006 91.7

1803 5.3 1843 12.6 1884 22.4 1925 38.3 1966 63.5 2007 82.6

1804 5.3 1844 13.3 1885 22.9 1926 38.2 1967 63.3 2008 75.7

1805 5.4 1845 14.7 1886 23.7 1927 37.4 1968 72.3 2009 68.5

1806 5.5 1846 13.9 1887 23.7 1928 35.4 1969 78.0 2010 77.9

1807 5.9 1847 13.4 1888 23.1 1929 37.5 1970 65.0 2011 77.8

1808 5.8 1848 13.9 1889 23.1 1930 37.5 1971 75.4

1809 5.4 1849 14.1 1890 23.6 1931 36.0 1972 84.6

1810 5.1 1850 14.8 1891 23.2 1932 34.8 1973 96.1

1811 5.1 1851 14.3 1892 24.1 1933 40.5 1974 81.7

1812 4.8 1852 15.7 1893 23.8 1934 42.7 1975 69.5

1813 4.3 1853 15.2 1894 26.3 1935 38.7 1976 80.5

1814 3.6 1854 14.8 1895 24.6 1936 40.8 1977 89.8

1815 6.4 1855 15.6 1896 25.9 1937 44.1 1978 97.2

1816 7.1 1856 16.0 1897 25.1 1938 42.6 1979 94.9

1817 6.2 1857 16.5 1898 25.4 1939 45.7 1980 76.5

1818 5.8 1858 16.4 1899 26.0 1940 49.8 1981 69.9

1819 6.7 1859 16.0 1900 26.8 1941 53.2 1982 65.6

1820 7.5 1860 16.0 1901 27.3 1942 51.0 1983 73.5

1821 7.5 1861 15.6 1902 26.7 1943 51.9 1984 71.1

1822 7.1 1862 14.2 1903 28.4 1944 56.2 1985 69.6

1823 7.5 1863 13.6 1904 26.5 1945 55.7 1986 72.3

1824 7.6 1864 13.6 1905 28.1 1946 56.1 1987 75.3

1825 7.9 1865 12.6 1906 33.2 1947 72.8 1988 74.8

1826 8.5 1866 15.9 1907 31.7 1948 76.3 1989 73.4

1827 8.6 1867 16.9 1908 30.4 1949 73.7 1990 70.3

1828 9.0 1868 17.4 1909 28.3 1950 82.8 1991 70.3

1829 8.9 1869 17.0 1910 26.8 1951 80.5 1992 80.9

1830 8.8 1870 17.4 1911 28.8 1952 80.5 1993 101.1

1831 8.8 1871 18.4 1912 29.1 1953 80.8 1994 102.8

1832 8.7 1872 18.7 1913 30.4 1954 79.1 1995 91.1

1833 9.1 1873 19.0 1914 28.8 1955 84.1 1996 92.3

1834 10.0 1874 18.8 1915 27.6 1956 83.1 1997 100.0

1835 8.8 1875 18.0 1916 25.3 1957 75.9 1998 93.3

1836 8.0 1876 18.4 1917 24.1 1958 73.8 1999 97.0

1837 11.5 1877 18.6 1918 25.0 1959 79.3 2000 87.1

1838 12.0 1878 18.6 1919 32.0 1960 75.7 2001 82.7

1839 11.4 1879 19.9 1920 42.0 1961 72.0 2002 84.1

1840 12.6 1880 19.4 1921 35.9 1962 73.1 2003 81.6

a

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities price index.

b

1800 to 1914, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station (17); 

 1915 to present, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (74, 77);

 1800–1964 (1992=100) 1965–present (1997 = 100).
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

68

Table 37—Plywood production, imports, exports, and consumption, by softwoods and hardwoods,1965–2011 (3/8-in. basis) a

Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- Hard- Soft- HardTotal woods woods Total woods woods Total woods woods b Total woods woods Soft- HardMillion Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Total woods woods

square square square square square square square square square square square square Square Square Square

 Year feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet feet

1965 14,496 12,447 2,049 1,052 5 1,047 36 30 6 15,512 12,422 3,090 80 64 16

1966 15,132 13,056 2,076 1,257 3 1,254 56 48 8 16,333 13,011 3,322 83 66 17

1967 14,874 12,958 1,916 1,247 3 1,244 93 85 8 16,028 12,876 3,152 81 65 16

1968 16,704 14,695 2,009 1,896 10 1,886 78 64 14 18,522 14,641 3,881 92 73 19

1969 15,563 13,694 1,869 2,122 15 2,107 215 199 16 17,470 13,510 3,960 86 67 20

1970 16,136 14,340 1,796 2,049 2 2,047 172 114 58 18,013 14,228 3,785 88 69 18

1971 18,559 16,635 1,924 2,545 3 2,542 114 99 15 20,990 16,539 4,451 101 80 21

1972 20,354 18,324 2,030 3,162 6 3,156 247 221 26 23,269 18,109 5,160 111 86 25

1973 20,112 18,305 1,807 2,536 9 2,527 451 411 40 22,197 17,903 4,294 105 84 20

1974 17,279 15,878 1,401 1,648 4 1,644 610 542 68 18,317 15,340 2,977 86 72 14

1975 17,102 16,050 1,052 1,925 7 1,918 859 791 68 18,168 15,266 2,902 84 71 13

1976 19,523 18,440 1,083 2,368 12 2,356 795 716 79 21,096 17,736 3,360 97 81 15

1977 20,563 19,376 1,187 2,272 18 2,254 357 287 70 22,478 19,107 3,371 102 87 15

1978 21,149 19,964 1,185 2,555 63 2,492 329 298 31 23,375 19,729 3,646 105 89 16

1979 20,803 19,653 1,150 2,097 27 2,070 431 402 29 22,469 19,278 3,191 100 86 14

1980 17,371 16,333 1,038 1,235 37 1,198 413 373 40 18,193 15,997 2,196 80 70 10

1981 17,728 16,752 976 1,512 30 1,482 733 686 47 18,507 16,096 2,411 80 70 10

1982 17,231 15,846 1,385 1,878 9 1,869 493 452 41 18,616 15,403 3,213 80 66 14

1983 20,960 19,480 1,480 2,747 18 2,729 615 574 41 23,092 18,924 4,168 99 81 18

1984 21,431 19,926 1,505 2,527 48 2,480 408 371 37 23,550 19,603 3,948 100 83 17

1985 21,511 20,169 1,342 3,112 54 3,058 365 321 44 24,259 19,903 4,356 102 83 18

1986 23,508 22,118 1,390 3,234 63 3,171 676 614 61 26,067 21,567 4,500 108 90 19

1987 24,423 22,899 1,524 3,932 129 3,803 855 796 60 27,500 22,232 5,268 113 92 22

1988 24,151 22,599 1,552 3,358 96 3,262 1,108 1,004 104 26,401 21,691 4,711 108 89 19

1989 22,926 21,385 1,541 1,983 49 1,935 1,562 1,442 119 23,348 19,991 3,356 94 81 14

1990 22,456 20,919 1,537 1,687 38 1,649 1,766 1,613 153 22,377 19,344 3,033 90 77 12

1991 20,148 18,652 1,496 1,457 28 1,429 1,553 1,322 231 20,052 17,358 2,695 79 69 11

1992 20,755 19,332 1,423 1,776 47 1,729 1,760 1,442 318 20,771 17,937 2,834 81 70 11

1993 20,826 19,315 1,511 1,786 41 1,745 1,677 1,409 268 20,935 17,946 2,989 81 70 12

1994 21,439 19,638 1,801 1,693 47 1,646 1,455 1,211 244 21,677 18,474 3,203 83 71 12

1995 21,209 19,367 1,842 1,951 60 1,892 1,517 1,267 250 21,643 18,160 3,483 82 69 13

1996 20,965 19,181 1,784 1,780 85 1,695 1,499 1,248 251 21,246 18,018 3,228 80 68 12

1997 19,835 17,963 1,872 2,111 104 2,007 1,802 1,548 254 20,143 16,519 3,625 75 62 14

1998 19,738 17,776 1,962 2,429 179 2,250 969 764 205 21,198 17,191 4,007 78 64 15

1999r 19,832 17,816 2,016 2,827 309 2,518 984 781 203 21,675 17,344 4,331 79 63 16

2000 19,741 17,475 2,266 2,902 408 2,494 916 735 181 21,727 17,148 4,579 77 61 16

2001 17,225 15,121 2,104 3,220 665 2,555 676 514 162 19,768 15,272 4,496 69 54 16

2002r 17,296 15,200 2,096 4,115 907 3,208 619 439 180 20,792 15,668 5,124 72 55 18

2003r 16,753 14,706 2,047 4,489 1,306 3,183 640 410 230 20,603 15,602 5,001 71 54 17

2004 16,687 14,665 2,022 6,629 2,023 4,606 783 492 291 22,532 16,196 6,336 77 55 22

2005 16,327 14,330 1,997 6,964 2,421 4,543 686 411 275 22,604 16,340 6,264 76 55 21

2006 15,238 13,428 1,810 6,361 1,848 4,513 635 424 211 20,964 14,852 6,112 72 51 21

2007 14,013 12,243 1,770 4,972 1,087 3,885 732 553 179 18,253 12,777 5,476 61 42 18

2008 11,936 10,237 1,699 3,462 759 2,703 824 621 203 14,573 10,375 4,198 48 34 14

2009 10,192 8,608 1,584 2,751 616 2,135 619 473 146 12,325 8,751 3,574 40 28 12

2010 10,632 9,131 1,501 3,042 439 2,603 1,004 795 209 12,670 8,775 3,895 41 28 13

2011 10,582 8,980 1,602 3,081 478 2,603 949 740 209 12,714 8,718 3,996 41 28 13

a

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Service (91); American Plywood Association, The Engineered Wood Association (12, 13);

 U.S. International Trade Commision (83, 84); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91). Data may not add to totals

 because of rounding.

b

Includes mixed species (not classified as hardwoods or softwoods).

r

Revised.

Per capita consumption

Production Imports Exports Consumption
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

69

Table 38—Production, imports, exports, and consumption of structural panel products, by type, 1980–2011

 (million square feet, 3/8-in. basis)a

Production Imports Exports Consumption

Softwood Softwood Softwood Softwood

Year Total plywood OSB Total plywood OSB Total plywood OSB Total plywood OSB

1980 16,468 16,333 135 360 37 323 373 373 z 16,455 15,997 458

1981 17,023 16,752 271 349 30 319 686 686 z 16,686 16,096 590

1982 16,403 15,846 557 268 9 259 452 452 z 16,219 15,403 816

1983 20,821 19,480 1,341 423 18 405 574 574 z 20,670 18,924 1,746

1984 21,968 19,926 2,042 727 48 679 371 371 z 22,324 19,603 2,721

1985 22,838 20,169 2,669 848 54 794 321 321 z 23,366 19,903 3,463

1986 25,631 22,118 3,513 723 63 660 614 614 z 25,740 21,567 4,173

1987 26,975 22,899 4,076 889 129 760 796 796 z 27,068 22,232 4,836

1988 27,203 22,599 4,604 911 96 815 1,004 1,004 z 27,110 21,691 5,419

1989 26,490 21,385 5,105 1,160 49 1,111 1,442 1,442 z 26,207 19,991 6,216

1990 26,337 20,919 5,418 1,351 38 1,313 1,613 1,613 z 26,075 19,344 6,731

1991 24,265 18,652 5,613 1,016 28 988 1,379 1,322 57 23,901 17,358 6,544

1992 25,985 19,332 6,653 1,619 47 1,572 1,491 1,442 49 26,113 17,937 8,176

1993 26,317 19,315 7,002 2,203 41 2,163 1,470 1,409 60 27,051 17,946 9,105

1994 27,124 19,638 7,486 2,635 47 2,588 1,289 1,211 78 28,469 18,474 9,995

1995 27,270 19,367 7,903 3,274 60 3,214 1,348 1,267 82 29,196 18,160 11,036

1996 28,495 19,181 9,314 4,500 85 4,414 1,405 1,248 157 31,590 18,018 13,572

1997 28,497 17,963 10,534 5,376 104 5,272 1,715 1,548 167 32,158 16,519 15,639

1998 29,003 17,776 11,227 6,671 179 6,492 864 764 100 34,810 17,191 17,619

1999r 29,428 17,816 11,612 7,659 309 7,350 960 781 179 36,127 17,344 18,783

2000 29,381 17,475 11,906 8,030 408 7,622 914 735 179 36,498 17,148 19,350

2001 27,653 15,121 12,532 8,755 665 8,090 681 514 167 35,727 15,272 20,455

2002 28,626 15,200 13,426 9,368 907 8,461 634 439 195 37,360 15,668 21,692

2003 28,321 14,706 13,615 10,386 1,306 9,080 567 410 157 38,140 15,602 22,538

2004 28,936 14,665 14,271 11,870 2,023 9,847 685 492 193 40,120 16,196 23,924

2005 29,315 14,330 14,985 12,965 2,421 10,544 580 411 169 41,700 16,340 25,360

2006 28,388 13,428 14,960 11,986 1,848 10,138 603 424 179 39,771 14,852 24,919

2007 27,006 12,243 14,763 7,916 1,087 6,829 817 553 264 34,105 12,777 21,328

2008 23,240 10,237 13,003 4,425 759 3,666 1,071 621 450 26,594 10,375 16,219

2009 18,206 8,608 9,598 3,372 616 2,756 653 473 180 20,915 8,741 12,174

2010 19,430 9,131 10,299 3,266 439 2,827 1,074 795 279 21,622 8,775 12,847

2011 19,019 8,980 10,039 3,406 478 2,928 1,079 740 339 21,346 8,718 12,628

a

American Plywood Association (11,12,13); US International Trade Commision (83, 84); Data may not add to totals because of rounding. c

Based on Canadian export data. Industry sources estimate that about 95% of Canadian exports are to U.S. markets.

r

Revised.

z

Not available.
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

70

Central

America Otherc

and South Philip- Indo- Other Russian

Yearb Total Canada Total Mexico West Indies Brazil America Total Japan pines Chinad Taiwan Korea nesia Malaysia Asia Total Federation Other Africa Othere

1965 2,032.8 64.5 10.8 f f z 10.8 1,832.4 768.0 307.8 368.2 z 336.7 z z 51.7 118.3 z z 6.8 z1966 2,553.7 64.1 8.7 zz z 8.7 2,328.9 783.4 397.9 528.8 z 573.6 z z 45.2 145.1 z z 6.6 0.3

1967 2,532.7 48.0 8.1 fz z 8.1 2,356.0 632.3 471.5 485.4 z 702.0 z z 64.8 118.2 z z 2.4 f

1968 3,841.3 53.0 12.2 z 1.0 z 11.2 3,619.1 921.3 602.2 829.6 z 1,167.2 z z 98.8 156.0 z z 1.0 f1969 4,290.2 40.6 11.7 0.1 4.0 z 7.6 4,043.8 802.3 572.1 936.0 z 1,589.8 z z 143.6 192.3 z z 1.8 f1970 4,168.1 24.9 10.2 f 1.9 z 8.3 3,996.3 623.5 570.9 939.6 z 1,787.3 z z 75.0 136.1 z z 0.5 0.1

1971 5,176.7 45.8 13.8 z 1.3 z 12.5 4,989.7 598.3 592.2 1,395.5 z 2,251.3 0.1 z 152.3 127.3 z zf 0.1

1972 6,427.5 69.5 20.5 z 8.7 z 11.8 6,216.0 519.1 644.2 2,021.9 z 2,865.6 z z 165.2 121.3 z z 0.1 0.1

1973 5,146.7 74.4 18.0 z 4.5 z 13.5 4,959.6 341.0 695.3 1,367.2 z 2,443.0 z z 113.1 94.0 z z 0.5 0.21974 3,349.1 46.8 18.8 z 1.0 z 17.8 3,229.0 244.3 279.3 937.2 z 1,694.7 z z 73.5 48.2 z zz 6.3

1975 3,906.4 50.4 15.8 z 7.5 z 8.3 3,805.1 240.5 224.1 1,011.8 z 2,290.0 z z 38.7 30.8 z zz 4.31976 4,797.8 53.6 18.3 z 6.8 z 11.5 4,668.7 312.5 352.9 1,189.4 z 2,785.7 z z 28.2 47.6 z z 0.5 9.1

1977 4,590.7 69.3 24.8 z 5.1 z 19.7 4,445.3 356.1 231.0 1,149.1 z 2,676.9 z z 32.2 44.2 z zz 7.1

1978 5,076.0 75.3 29.6 0.1 5.9 z 23.6 4,922.2 255.6 312.4 1,752.8 z 2,493.0 64.3 z 44.1 48.1 z z 0.7 0.1

1979 4,216.3 82.2 53.7 f 2.4 z 51.3 4,039.6 192.7 367.3 1,523.1 z 1,836.7 95.5 z 24.3 40.8 z zf f

1980 2,440.5 72.8 46.1 z 3.7 z 42.4 2,290.5 150.4 246.7 859.8 z 902.1 120.8 z 10.7 30.6 z zf 0.5

1981 3,017.5 64.7 30.4 z 4.4 z 26.0 2,884.4 139.8 436.7 1,080.9 z 943.7 271.7 z 11.6 37.9 z z 0.1 z

1982 2,249.4 54.5 24.3 z 2.5 z 21.8 2,146.4 95.8 161.3 850.6 z 559.6 473.9 z 5.2 24.1 z zz 0.1

1983 3,346.6 57.5 44.1 0.3 1.3 z 42.5 3,205.6 119.9 182.4 1,124.6 z 414.8 1,352.2 z 11.7 39.4 z zz f

1984 2,982.3 73.4 90.0 0.1 1.4 z 88.5 2,767.9 109.7 94.9 904.8 z 78.1 1,568.8 z 11.6 50.9 z zf 0.1

1985 3,522.1 69.4 75.1 f 2.9 z 72.2 3,294.6 106.7 212.6 780.3 z 28.2 2,147.2 z 19.6 82.3 z z 0.4 0.3

1986 3,809.2 55.8 120.8 0.2 1.8 z 118.8 3,556.4 74.0 110.9 723.5 z 61.8 2,551.1 z 35.1 71.5 z z 4.7 f

1987 3,950.2 87.4 105.9 0.2 0.9 z 104.8 3,670.7 41.6 126.1 665.6 z 48.7 2,721.4 z 67.3 85.1 z z 0.5 0.6

1988 3,262.3 81.7 118.5 f 0.5 z 118.0 3,022.0 19.8 51.8 523.8 z 6.7 2,345.4 z 74.5 39.6 z zz 0.5

1989 3,938.9 249.1 232.1 0.6 2.2 186.9 42.3 3,271.2 11.5 59.5 0.4 770.2 9.5 2,341.2 40.3 38.5 158.7 0.0 158.7 0.2 27.51990 3,356.4 211.1 306.3 0.0 4.2 248.9 53.3 2,700.6 3.9 35.7 0.4 255.9 7.9 2,209.4 159.1 28.3 90.6 0.0 90.6 0.0 47.91991 2,910.3 215.8 297.2 0.1 1.3 237.6 58.2 2,268.6 3.2 16.5 1.4 141.9 0.6 1,798.0 289.0 18.0 82.0 0.0 82.0 0.0 46.71992 3,520.5 268.4 455.6 1.8 1.4 397.6 54.7 2,706.1 1.8 23.2 2.1 109.5 0.0 2,084.1 471.3 13.9 87.7 25.6 62.1 0.1 2.81993 3,553.3 310.0 686.5 0.2 3.8 594.8 87.8 2,430.9 0.6 8.6 14.5 90.5 0.4 1,858.5 443.7 14.2 122.8 60.0 62.8 0.6 2.51994 3,351.3 372.9 847.1 5.7 8.2 687.2 146.0 1,922.3 1.5 0.8 20.4 45.9 0.1 1,456.4 379.1 18.1 205.6 141.9 63.6 0.9 2.41995 3,851.4 422.6 832.6 10.1 8.7 554.0 259.8 2,282.7 0.2 0.2 12.4 29.3 0.0 1,858.4 373.9 8.3 311.9 252.1 59.8 0.0 1.61996 3,451.0 339.4 826.7 21.0 9.8 496.5 299.4 1,931.6 1.2 0.4 14.3 38.4 0.0 1,575.1 300.4 1.7 351.6 330.3 21.3 0.2 1.61997 4,086.1 606.1 856.4 16.4 6.2 569.1 264.7 2,200.7 2.0 0.0 47.3 33.4 0.0 1,786.2 326.8 5.0 422.3 306.8 115.6 0.3 0.21998 4,581.7 654.6 490.1 7.2 6.2 271.3 205.4 2,948.5 1.2 0.0 104.1 36.7 1.2 2,074.2 723.3 7.8 480.8 388.1 92.8 2.0 5.6

1999r 5,126.8 713.9 720.4 16.3 2.4 463.3 238.5 3,010.1 0.8 0.0 149.3 45.2 1.3 1,839.3 962.7 11.5 637.8 535.3 102.5 3.8 40.8

2000 5,078.0 819.6 874.4 18.0 2.5 602.7 251.2 2,558.8 2.2 0.0 162.0 49.2 0.1 1,510.6 813.0 21.8 784.6 668.4 116.2 28.7 11.92001 5,201.6 813.6 858.9 18.4 3.1 642.3 195.1 2,486.0 0.2 0.0 276.4 39.0 1.2 1,368.2 762.4 38.7 978.6 794.8 183.8 38.6 25.9

2002r 6,531.5 840.5 1011.0 19.9 6.3 789.1 195.7 3,320.8 0.5 0.0 662.1 53.6 4.2 1,515.2 1049.9 35.3 1312.6 972.2 340.4 42.5 4.1

2003 6,480.9 796.4 1181.5 17.1 3.7 941.9 218.7 3,382.3 0.9 0.0 1,017.3 49.3 14.1 1,241.7 972.4 86.6 1079.0 893.1 185.9 35.9 5.92004 9,377.2 825.3 1305.1 10.9 3.6 1,055.8 234.8 5,781.0 3.2 0.0 2,954.1 80.5 1.7 1,177.8 1433.3 130.5 1425.8 1188.8 237.0 27.4 12.52005 9,249.0 969.5 799.0 1.2 10.9 596.9 190.0 6,176.0 0.9 0.0 3,891.3 67.3 0.3 984.2 1137.0 95.1 1259.8 986.1 273.8 18.3 26.42006 9,187.9 644.0 595.5 1.2 8.9 397.8 187.7 6,902.6 0.5 1.8 4,675.9 86.2 22.5 878.7 1179.1 57.8 200.4 832.6 -632.2 7.0 838.42007 7,910.5 464.7 549.3 3.7 3.7 266.0 275.9 6,033.1 0.1 6.8 4,279.6 130.0 1.0 649.7 935.6 30.3 260.0 556.3 -296.3 30.3 573.02008 5,502.8 352.4 324.9 0.2 6.9 137.5 180.3 4,172.8 0.1 5.5 3,177.8 63.0 1.0 483.6 422.7 19.1 186.5 438.2 -251.7 15.1 451.12009 4,347.1 250.8 404.8 0.1 3.1 144.6 257.0 3,045.4 0.2 1.2 2,465.5 51.7 0.5 431.7 213.0 -118.4 99.3 401.3 -302.0 2.2 544.52010 5,299.3 241.6 233.0 0.2 2.7 38.0 192.0 4,146.3 0.0 2.5 3,140.8 11.0 0.1 593.0 373.1 25.7 157.0 504.5 -347.5 2.9 518.62011 5,299.3 207.3 175.5 1.2 0.9 36.5 136.9 4,283.2 0.3 2.8 3,598.4 19.9 0.0 441.7 204.1 16.0 217.3 538.3 -321.0 1.7 414.3

aU.S. International Trade Commission (84); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91). Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

Conversion of 2.036 used from square feet 3/8-in. basis.

bFor the years 1974 to 1977, all imports with a value of less than $500 are included in Other.cIncludes Brazil from 1965–1988.dIncludes Taiwan from 1965–1988.eIncludes mixed species (not classified as hardwoods or softwoods).fFewer than 100 ft2.rRevised.

Table 39—Hardwood

zNot available.

plywood imports, by country or region of origin, 1965–2011 (million square feet, surface measured) a

Latin America

Asia Europe
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

71

Table 40—Veneer imports and exports, by species, 1965–2011 (million square feet, surface measured)a

Birch and Soft- Red and SoftYear Total Total maple Other woods Total Total Walnut white oak Other woods

1965 1,958.2 1,871.2 817.4 1,053.8 87.0 169.8 143.7 80.6 b 63.1 26.1

1966 2,043.0 1,843.7 766.4 1,077.3 199.3 153.9 110.5 54.2 b 56.3 43.4

1967 1,990.9 1,796.7 754.9 1,041.8 194.2 192.8 105.8 44.8 b 61.0 87.0

1968 2,340.1 2,178.7 820.8 1,357.9 161.4 306.3 173.6 71.9 b 101.7 132.7

1969 2,054.6 1,855.7 698.2 1,157.5 198.9 360.6 194.2 92.4 b 101.8 166.4

1970 1,876.6 1,605.8 650.0 955.8 270.8 327.1 183.8 111.3 b 72.5 143.3

1971 2,302.1 2,035.2 812.0 1,223.2 266.9 571.5 172.7 97.7 b 75.0 398.8

1972 3,151.4 2,786.0 997.9 1,788.1 365.4 491.7 204.3 84.9 b 119.4 287.4

1973 2,967.7 2,582.9 890.5 1,692.4 384.8 660.5 346.0 90.9 b 255.1 314.5

1974 2,281.6 1,965.9 679.6 1,286.3 315.7 599.4 380.8 77.4 b 303.4 218.6

1975 1,497.7 1,145.6 552.2 593.4 352.1 736.8 390.3 63.6 b 326.7 346.5

1976 1,993.5 1,595.6 760.3 835.3 397.9 768.2 505.8 91.8 b 414.0 262.4

1977 2,261.0 1,718.5 721.3 997.2 542.5 687.0 516.5 93.1 b 423.4 170.5

1978 2,143.3 1,632.5 722.8 909.7 510.8 1,541.6 1,353.3 128.9 476.1 748.3 188.3

1979 2,076.6 1,560.1 713.4 846.7 516.5 1,072.5 886.0 80.6 522.0 283.4 186.5

1980 1,666.8 1,213.2 584.2 629.0 453.6 1,333.1 1,077.3 117.8 631.2 328.3 255.8

1981 1,729.3 1,406.3 605.1 801.2 323.0 1,378.1 919.6 107.9 509.2 302.5 458.5

1982 1,665.9 1,231.9 506.8 725.1 434.0 1,140.3 803.6 78.6 512.9 212.1 336.7

1983 2,072.5 1,607.2 637.8 969.4 465.3 1,438.8 1,023.8 106.0 624.4 293.4 415.0

1984 1,886.8 1,502.9 537.2 965.7 383.9 1,370.5 1,002.7 84.4 636.0 282.3 367.8

1985 1,753.4 1,398.0 501.5 896.5 355.4 1,100.2 792.6 85.6 481.5 225.5 307.6

1986 1,997.4 1,603.9 557.3 1,046.6 393.5 1,466.1 995.8 72.6 639.3 283.9 470.3

1987 2,106.6 1,682.2 563.4 1,118.8 424.4 1,775.9 1,384.7 90.7 857.4 436.6 391.2

1988 2,226.7 1,713.8 588.0 1,125.8 512.9 1,830.1 1,574.2 69.9 1,058.7 445.6 255.9

1989 1,163.9 719.7 239.9 479.8 444.1 1,712.2 1,599.6 35.8 431.0 1,132.7 112.6

1990 2,109.3 1,600.7 559.2 1,041.5 508.6 1,820.2 1,681.4 103.4 1,135.5 442.5 138.9

1991 1,917.4 1,383.7 523.5 860.2 533.7 1,896.1 1,725.5 85.9 1,084.3 555.4 170.6

1992 2,422.3 1,674.4 599.1 1,075.3 747.9 2,072.2 1,884.8 69.7 1,094.0 721.2 187.4

1993 2,870.0 1,904.1 619.2 1,284.9 965.9 2,209.9 1,977.4 60.7 958.1 958.6 232.5

1994 3,036.6 1,946.6 713.0 1,233.7 1,090.0 2,459.3 2,310.0 68.4 1,086.1 1,155.5 149.3

1995 3,223.2 2,283.2 739.4 1,543.8 940.0 2,800.0 2,613.3 73.6 1,109.9 1,429.8 186.7

1996 3,011.4 2,093.4 718.2 1,375.1 918.0 2,792.7 2,613.3 49.1 1,080.1 1,484.1 179.4

1997 2,926.9 1,994.9 767.9 1,227.0 932.0 3,068.6 2,875.4 60.2 1,070.3 1,744.8 193.2

1998 3,435.1 2,210.7 789.2 1,421.6 1,224.3 2,946.1 2,722.2 58.6 1,041.5 1,622.0 223.9

1999 3,933.3 2,350.6 947.9 1,402.7 1,582.7 3,293.3 2,986.8 78.6 1,008.7 1,899.4 306.5

2000 4,339.0 2,479.8 1,085.4 1,394.4 1,859.1 3,527.8 3,200.2 83.7 1,022.0 2,094.5 327.6

2001 4,263.7 2,166.5 897.0 1,269.5 2,097.2 3,372.2 3,148.8 102.6 936.9 2,109.3 223.4

2002r 4,714.0 2,328.7 954.4 1,374.3 2,385.3 3,720.7 3,460.4 92.8 836.8 2,530.9 260.3

2003 4,487.5 2,073.1 712.9 1,360.2 2,414.4 3,681.4 3,283.3 74.9 763.7 2,444.7 398.1

2004 5,491.5 2,310.4 706.6 1,603.8 3,181.1 4,280.4 3,707.5 104.2 880.7 2,722.6 572.9

2005 5,751.8 2,239.4 827.1 1,412.3 3,512.4 4,130.2 3,540.0 115.5 764.0 2,660.5 590.3

2006 5,057.3 1,911.2 596.3 1,314.9 3,146.2 4,098.1 3,424.5 139.0 763.9 2,521.7 673.6

2007 3,906.7 2,154.2 519.6 1,634.6 1,752.4 1,734.8 1,259.1 203.0 749.0 307.2 475.7

2008 2,821.3 1,539.8 442.1 1,097.7 1,281.5 960.7 653.1 146.0 623.0 - 116.0 307.7

2009 1,982.8 933.3 392.4 541.0 1,049.5 608.7 342.3 81.3 563.7 - 302.6 266.4

2010 2,109.1 960.8 392.4 568.5 1,148.2 626.1 350.6 136.4 540.5 - 326.3 275.5

2011 2,317.3 799.2 327.7 471.4 1,518.1 354.4 182.2 148.5 486.8 - 453.1 172.2

a

American Forest and Paper Association (4); U.S. International Trade Commission (84); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agriculture

Service (91). Data may not add to totals because of rounding. 

b

Red and white oak are included in Other for 1965 to 1977.

r

Revised

Exports

Hardwoods

Imports

Hardwoods
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

72

Central

America

and South Other

Year Total Canada Total Mexico West Indies America Total Japan Philippines Asia Africa Europe

1965 1,871.2 852.0 67.1 0.1 19.2 47.8 687.0 4.8 527.0 155.2 219.8 44.3

1966 1,843.7 792.8 96.4 0.3 21.2 74.9 714.1 3.8 522.7 187.6 209.7 29.6

1967 1,796.7 775.8 140.9 0.1 8.0 132.8 580.9 3.8 451.8 125.3 271.2 27.7

1968 2,178.7 837.7 200.5 1.5 16.8 182.2 837.7 4.3 609.8 223.6 276.5 26.3

1969 1,855.7 713.9 152.7 0.6 13.1 139.0 838.6 5.3 671.4 161.9 128.1 22.2

1970 1,605.8 672.4 191.0 0.6 5.0 185.4 569.1 3.3 460.0 105.8 147.0 26.1

1971 2,035.2 842.4 216.1 0.5 15.1 200.5 809.4 4.5 590.9 214.0 143.1 24.0

1972 2,786.0 1,051.8 303.8 c 28.8 275.0 1226.5 0.9 822.5 403.1 153.9 30.2

1973 2,582.9 944.4 288.4 c 43.2 245.2 1126.1 2.3 850.8 273.0 167.2 27.8

1974 1,965.9 709.2 243.8 z 43.9 199.9 874.0 0.9 660.8 212.3 78.6 39.4

1975 1,145.6 570.7 132.5 z 22.2 110.3 331.5 3.8 294.3 33.4 74.3 23.1

1976 1,595.6 804.6 210.8 z 8.3 202.5 520.6 4.5 452.4 63.7 15.0 30.1

1977 1,718.5 801.4 159.1 0.9 13.0 145.2 689.3 5.5 580.5 103.3 19.6 30.5

1978 1,632.5 817.4 213.1 3.6 21.8 187.7 536.8 7.1 442.6 87.1 19.1 44.7

1979 1,560.1 834.0 149.4 2.0 28.2 119.2 482.5 1.3 448.2 33.0 35.4 56.4

1980 1,213.2 700.4 156.0 z 27.3 130.7 301.6 2.0 261.5 38.1 21.9 31.4

1981 1,406.3 753.6 165.0 0.2 27.3 137.5 398.2 0.9 330.7 66.6 36.3 41.6

1982 1,231.9 705.9 161.2 0.8 24.4 136.0 149.9 0.7 120.0 29.2 19.2 193.2

1983 1,607.2 908.3 192.2 3.0 23.1 166.1 366.0 2.8 318.3 44.9 27.1 100.9

1984 1,502.9 828.1 227.5 0.8 31.6 195.1 287.2 8.5 180.7 98.0 13.7 127.6

1985 1,398.0 728.7 233.1 0.2 26.5 206.4 240.5 6.5 110.7 123.3 26.1 150.8

1986 1,603.9 831.8 233.9 0.2 20.8 212.9 310.4 5.1 112.7 192.6 57.4 139.0

1987 1,682.2 910.8 245.0 z 18.0 227.0 331.3 6.3 122.8 202.2 40.9 127.0

1988 1,713.8 944.3 312.8 0.8 33.2 278.8 279.5 2.0 182.4 95.1 41.6 92.8

1989 719.7 366.9 143.1 0.0 6.4 136.7 116.4 2.5 72.5 41.4 23.9 53.9

1990 1,600.7 904.2 320.6 0.0 28.4 292.2 221.2 5.8 111.6 103.8 31.8 93.6

1991 1,383.7 832.1 254.4 0.0 25.5 228.9 167.3 4.8 73.3 89.1 26.7 75.0

1992 1,674.4 997.9 364.5 1.0 109.0 254.5 182.9 2.9 64.2 115.8 21.8 80.9

1993 1,904.1 1,158.4 452.8 2.9 7.8 442.0 120.5 2.5 11.6 106.3 39.2 95.7

1994 1,946.6 1,220.8 414.5 1.4 6.5 406.5 71.7 3.0 5.7 63.1 41.5 151.5

1995 2,283.2 1,186.4 575.4 9.1 14.8 551.5 213.0 3.5 47.9 161.6 114.4 137.8

1996 2,093.4 1,190.2 508.8 13.6 6.1 489.1 58.1 4.3 0.1 53.7 171.4 112.0

1997 1,994.9 1,247.4 374.4 17.0 1.6 355.7 61.9 6.1 0.0 55.8 137.2 139.8

1998 2,210.7 1,316.2 351.8 22.3 1.9 327.6 99.2 3.2 0.0 96.0 218.4 176.1

1999 2,350.6 1,440.5 340.8 22.6 0.7 317.5 94.0 5.6 0.0 88.4 282.7 167.5

2000 2,479.8 1,503.9 309.4 41.6 0.8 267.0 96.4 6.8 0.0 89.6 269.3 279.6

2001 2,166.5 1,277.2 295.3 35.7 2.0 257.7 96.1 2.9 0.0 93.2 262.4 210.6

2002 2,328.7 1,322.6 314.7 24.4 0.2 290.0 99.4 3.3 0.0 96.1 314.9 254.0

2003 2,073.1 1,168.7 259.3 13.7 0.2 245.4 158.3 3.4 0.0 154.9 283.3 187.2

2004 2,310.4 1,400.6 212.1 17.7 3.3 191.0 149.6 3.7 0.0 145.9 289.8 228.6

2005 2,239.4 1,196.5 308.6 20.7 - 1.8 289.7 177.6 4.9 0.0 172.8 295.3 235.5

2006 1,911.2 673.3 135.3 20.2 - 19.8 134.9 172.6 3.4 0.0 169.2 234.8 189.9

2007 2,154.2 124.7 473.6 15.1 - 14.9 473.4 252.7 6.7 0.0 246.1 276.6 169.7

2008 1,539.8 65.4 112.9 11.1 - 11.1 112.9 196.2 5.1 0.0 191.1 226.1 178.5

2009 933.3 0.0 31.5 7.5 - 7.5 31.5 196.2 1.8 0.0 194.4 114.0 106.4

2010 960.8 35.8 42.2 6.6 - 6.6 42.2 112.1 1.9 0.0 110.2 129.0 103.9

2011 799.2 230.4 30.55 3.8 - 3.8 30.54 102.3 1.5 0.0 100.8 115.8 109.0

a

U.S. International Trade Commission (84); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91). Data may not add to t b

For the years 1974 to 1977, all imports with a value of less than $500 are included in Other.

c

Fewer than 50,000 ft 2. z

Not available.

Table 41—Hardwood veneer imports, by country or region of origin, 1965–2011 (million square feet, surface measured) a

Asia

Latin America
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

73

Table 42—Producer price indexes for plywood, 1965–2011 (1997 = 100) a

Year Actual Relativec Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 28.0 110.7 21.4 84.5 zz zz 43.7 172.5

1966 28.2 108.0 21.5 82.3 zz zz 44.1 168.9

1967 27.1 103.5 20.2 77.2 zz zz 43.4 165.8

1968 31.3 116.7 26.2 97.6 zz zz 43.7 162.9

1969 33.2 119.0 28.1 100.7 26.9 96.2 32.1 115.0 45.3 162.2

1970 29.4 101.5 23.0 79.5 21.9 75.5 27.2 93.8 44.5 153.9

1971 31.0 103.9 25.7 85.9 24.4 81.6 31.0 103.9 43.7 146.5

1972 35.4 113.4 31.3 100.3 29.8 95.3 37.1 118.6 45.3 145.4

1973 42.1 119.3 39.2 111.3 37.7 106.9 42.9 121.5 49.0 139.1

1974 43.6 103.9 37.7 90.0 36.5 87.0 40.6 96.9 56.6 135.0

1975 43.6 95.2 40.6 88.7 39.2 85.7 42.6 93.0 51.9 113.4

1976 50.7 105.8 50.1 104.6 47.3 98.8 55.9 116.8 53.2 111.2

1977 57.4 113.0 59.9 117.7 56.2 110.3 68.1 133.7 55.4 109.0

1978 63.8 116.5 66.0 120.5 62.7 114.4 72.9 133.1 60.9 111.2

1979 67.8 110.0 65.2 105.6 63.5 102.8 66.7 107.9 73.5 119.2

1980 66.7 94.8 62.5 88.8 60.1 85.3 66.4 94.3 76.7 109.0

1981 66.6 86.7 62.0 80.7 60.7 79.0 63.1 82.1 78.1 101.7

1982 62.8 80.1 57.0 72.8 54.6 69.6 61.3 78.2 78.6 100.4

1983 66.1 83.2 62.7 79.0 59.4 74.8 69.1 87.0 78.1 98.4

1984 65.4 80.5 61.4 75.5 58.8 72.3 65.3 80.3 78.4 96.5

1985 62.6 77.3 61.3 75.8 58.8 72.7 64.9 80.1 70.7 87.5

1986 63.7 81.1 62.4 79.5 60.0 76.4 66.0 84.0 71.6 91.2

1987 64.5 80.0 62.6 77.8 60.8 75.4 65.1 80.7 73.1 90.7

1988 65.0 77.6 62.2 74.3 61.7 73.6 62.4 74.5 74.1 88.5

1989 72.8 82.8 70.9 80.6 70.6 80.3 70.1 79.6 78.6 89.3

1990 71.7 78.7 68.3 74.9 68.4 75.1 66.7 73.1 80.8 88.7

1991 71.8 78.7 68.9 75.5 69.2 75.7 67.1 73.4 80.9 88.6

1992 83.6 91.0 83.9 91.3 83.5 90.8 84.6 92.0 84.1 91.6

1993 96.0 103.0 96.8 103.9 97.3 104.3 95.6 102.5 90.8 97.5

1994 99.7 105.6 100.9 106.9 101.0 107.0 102.6 108.7 96.2 102.0

1995 103.9 106.3 107.3 109.8 105.0 107.4 112.4 115.0 96.1 98.4

1996 98.4 98.3 99.2 99.1 98.3 98.1 96.6 96.4 98.3 98.3

1997 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1998 99.0 101.5 99.9 102.5 98.0 96.6 106.2 104.7 99.9 102.4

1999 110.8 112.6 118.1 120.1 116.7 105.7 125.4 113.5 101.2 102.9

2000 99.0 95.2 98.9 95.1 97.9 80.3 101.7 83.4 102.4 98.5

2001 96.9 92.2 95.7 91.0 94.3 76.4 100.2 81.2 102.6 97.6

2002 95.3 92.8 93.6 91.1 93.0 77.2 94.9 78.7 103.5 100.7

2003 104.9 96.9 111.8 103.3 111.1 80.5 123.5 89.5 101.5 93.8

2004 124.7 108.5 143.1 124.5 dd dd 105.8 92.0

2005 117.4 95.1 127.5 103.4 dd dd 78.7 63.8

2006 108.5 84.0 108.7 84.1 dd dd 79.8 61.8

2007 110.6 81.7 112.8 83.3 dd dd 80.6 59.5

2008 109.8 73.9 110.2 74.1 dd dd 81.7 55.0

2009 102.8 75.9 98.1 72.4 dd dd 81.1 59.9

2010 111.0 76.7 112.4 77.7 dd dd 81.5 56.3

2011 107.4 68.2 106.0 67.3 dd dd 81.8 51.9

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (77,78).

b

Hardwood plywood and related products.

c

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities index.

d

Discontinued series after 2003

z

Not available.

Softwood plywood

All softwood All hardwood

plywoodb All plywood plywood Western Southern
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

74

Production Total

Thousand Thousand Percent of Thousand Percent of Thousand Per capita

Year tons tons consumption tons production tons Pounds

1965 40,489 6,536 14.4 1,530 3.8 45,495 468

1966 43,904 7,178 14.5 1,696 3.9 49,386 502

1967 43,745 6,818 14.0 1,835 4.2 48,728 490

1968 47,085 6,643 12.9 2,125 4.5 51,602 514

1969 49,824 7,051 12.9 2,377 4.8 54,498 538

1970 48,719 6,845 12.9 2,433 5.0 53,131 518

1971 49,741 6,932 12.8 2,665 5.4 54,008 520

1972 53,842 7,245 12.4 2,790 5.2 58,297 555

1973 56,346 7,865 12.8 2,616 4.6 61,595 581

1974 55,756 8,128 13.4 3,058 5.5 60,827 569

1975 47,997 5,961 11.6 2,400 5.0 51,557 477

1976 54,993 6,879 11.6 2,637 4.8 59,235 543

1977 56,656 7,190 11.7 2,546 4.5 61,301 557

1978 58,571 8,311 12.9 2,583 4.4 64,299 578

1979 61,070 8,462 12.7 2,864 4.7 66,668 592

1980 61,042 8,013 12.4 4,241 6.9 64,814 569

1981 62,109 7,779 11.7 3,630 5.8 66,258 576

1982 59,290 7,321 11.6 3,494 5.9 63,117 544

1983 64,947 8,357 12.0 3,786 5.8 69,519 593

1984 68,449 10,148 13.5 3,542 5.2 75,055 635

1985 66,983 10,444 14.1 3,290 4.9 74,137 622

1986 70,905 10,922 14.0 3,972 5.6 77,855 647

1987 74,361 11,855 14.4 4,111 5.5 82,105 676

1988 76,587 12,184 14.4 4,239 5.5 84,532 690

1989 76,786 12,027 14.3 4,713 6.1 84,100 680

1990 78,679 12,195 14.2 5,163 6.6 85,711 686

1991 79,427 11,086 13.2 6,435 8.1 84,078 665

1992 82,868 11,731 13.4 7,021 8.5 87,578 686

1993 84,857 12,990 14.3 6,835 8.1 91,013 705

1994 89,080 13,651 14.3 7,536 8.5 95,195 730

1995 89,509 14,238 14.8 7,621 8.5 96,126 731

1996 90,381 13,023 13.8 9,118 10.1 94,287 710

1997 95,029 14,513 14.6 10,367 10.9 99,175 740

1998 94,510 15,571 15.4 9,103 9.6 100,978 747

1999 97,020 16,678 15.9 8,824 9.1 104,873 768

2000 94,491 17,356 16.8 8,701 9.2 103,147 731

2001 88,913 16,449 16.9 8,059 9.1 97,303 683

2002 89,636 16,567 17.0 8,976 10.0 97,227 676

2003 88,385 18,109 18.1 6,238 7.1 100,256 689

2004 91,899 19,036 18.3 6,742 7.3 104,193 709

2005 91,031 17,958 17.6 7,125 7.8 101,864 687

2006 91,800 17,724 17.3 7,085 7.7 102,439 707

2007 91,570 16,321 16.3 8,066 8.8 99,825 662

2008 87,619 14,675 15.7 8,654 9.9 93,640 615

2009 78,299 11,218 13.7 7,750 9.9 81,767 532

2010 82,968 11,144 13.1 8,781 10.6 85,331 551

2011 82,003 10,670 12.8 9,331 11.4 83,342 534

a

Excludes hardboard, wet machine board, and construction grades.

b

Numbers are the sum of Table 44 & Table 45.

c

Excludes converted products.

Consumption

Exportsc Importsc

Table 43—Paper and boarda production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011 b
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

75

Shipmentsb,c Totale

Thousand Thousand Consumption Thousand Production Thousand Per capitag

Year tons tons (%) tons (%) tons Pounds

1965 19,157 6,528 25.9 491 2.6 25,194 259

1966 20,725 7,128 26.1 530 2.6 27,323 278

1967 20,926 6,805 25.0 501 2.4 27,230 274

1968 22,181 6,625 23.4 529 2.4 28,277 282

1969 23,449 7,040 23.5 517 2.2 29,972 296

1970 23,351 6,835 23.1 534 2.3 29,652 289

1971 23,722 6,915 23.0 550 2.3 30,087 290

1972 25,359 7,237 22.6 559 2.2 32,037 305

1973 26,797 7,832 23.0 601 2.2 34,028 321

1974 26,863 8,094 23.8 909 3.4 34,049 318

1975 23,260 5,953 21.1 947 4.1 28,266 262

1976 26,577 6,866 21.1 928 3.5 32,515 298

1977 27,722 7,162 21.0 716 2.6 34,168 310

1978 28,320 8,211 22.8 543 1.9 35,988 323

1979 29,666 8,380 22.4 601 2.0 37,445 333

1980 30,116 7,915 21.3 907 3.0 37,124 326

1981 30,901 7,649 20.4 1,008 3.3 37,542 326

1982 30,245 7,206 19.7 840 2.8 36,611 315

1983 32,802 8,189 20.4 774 2.4 40,217 343

1984 34,446 9,905 22.7 811 2.4 43,540 369

1985 34,061 10,260 23.6 779 2.3 43,542 365

1986 35,550 10,641 23.5 884 2.5 45,307 376

1987 36,919 11,494 24.2 921 2.5 47,492 391

1988 38,353 11,843 24.1 1,102 2.9 49,094 401

1989 38,266 11,494 23.8 1,466 3.8 48,295 391

1990 39,361 11,569 23.4 1,519 3.9 49,411 395

1991 39,084 10,313 21.8 2,072 5.3 47,325 375

1992 40,973 10,787 22.0 2,635 6.4 49,125 385

1993 41,745 11,905 23.3 2,587 6.2 51,063 396

1994 43,356 12,384 23.5 2,980 6.9 52,760 405

1995 42,868 12,820 24.3 3,011 7.0 52,677 401

1996 42,481 11,694 23.1 3,500 8.2 50,676 382

1997 44,697 13,016 24.1 3,599 8.1 54,114 404

1998 44,761 13,905 25.1 3,288 7.3 55,378 410

1999r 45,979 14,707 25.7 3,405 7.4 57,281 419

2000 45,519 15,373 26.9 3,767 8.3 57,125 405

2001r 42,104 14,502 27.3 3,389 8.0 53,217 374

2002r 41,510 14,502 27.4 3,111 7.5 52,901 368

2003r 40,367 16,224 30.3 3,107 7.7 53,484 367

2004 41,814 16,938 30.6 3,464 8.3 55,288 376

2005 41,321 15,995 29.9 3,739 9.0 53,578 361

2006 41,380 15,648 29.3 3,690 8.9 53,338 368

2007 41,170 14,408 28.1 4,346 10.6 51,231 340

2008 39,955 12,892 26.8 4,716 11.8 48,132 316

2009 33,808 9,671 24.6 4,216 12.5 39,263 256

2010 35,508 9,284 23.2 4,700 13.2 40,092 259

2011 34,344 8,887 23.1 4,782 13.9 38,449 246

a

Excludes building paper and converted products.

b

American Forest & Paper Association (5).

c

American Forest & Paper Association (3).

d

This import series incorporates data on Canadian exports of newsprint and uncoated

groundwood to the United States rather than U.S. Department of Commerce import data for these commodities.

Data for 1998 obtained from the Canadian Pulp & Paper Association (CPPA), in Ottawa by fax communication.

e

Consumption = Production + Imports – Exports. g

Based upon population data given in Table 1.

r

Revised.

Importsb,c,d Exportsb,c

Table 44—Paper shipments, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011a

Consumption
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

76

Table 45—Paperboarda production,b imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011

Productionc,d Totalh

Thousand Thousand Consumption Thousand Production Thousand Per capitag

Year tons tons (%) tons (%) tons Pounds

1965 21,332 8 0.0 1,039 4.9 20,301 209

1966 23,179 50 0.2 1,166 5.0 22,063 224

1967 22,819 13 0.1 1,334 5.8 21,498 216

1968 24,904 18 0.1 1,596 6.4 23,326 232

1969 26,376 11 0.0 1,860 7.1 24,527 242

1970 25,368 10 0.0 1,899 7.5 23,479 229

1971 26,019 17 0.1 2,115 8.1 23,921 230

1972 28,483 8 0.0 2,231 7.8 26,260 250

1973 29,549 33 0.1 2,015 6.8 27,567 260

1974 28,894 34 0.1 2,149 7.4 26,779 250

1975 24,736 8 0.0 1,453 5.9 23,291 216

1976 28,416 13 0.0 1,709 6.0 26,720 245

1977 28,935 28 0.1 1,830 6.3 27,133 246

1978 30,251 100 0.4 2,040 6.7 28,311 254

1979 31,404 82 0.3 2,263 7.2 29,223 260

1980 30,926 98 0.4 3,334 10.8 27,690 243

1981 31,208 130 0.5 2,622 8.4 28,716 250

1982 29,045 115 0.4 2,654 9.1 26,506 228

1983 32,146 168 0.6 3,012 9.4 29,302 250

1984 34,002 243 0.8 2,731 8.0 31,514 267

1985 32,922 184 0.6 2,511 7.6 30,595 257

1986 35,355 281 0.9 3,088 8.7 32,548 270

1987 37,442 361 1.0 3,190 8.5 34,613 285

1988 38,234 341 1.0 3,137 8.2 35,438 289

1989 38,519 533 1.5 3,247 8.4 35,805 290

1990 39,318 626 1.7 3,644 9.3 36,300 291

1991 40,343 773 2.1 4,363 10.8 36,753 291

1992 41,895 944 2.5 4,386 10.5 38,453 301

1993 43,113 1,085 2.7 4,248 9.9 39,950 310

1994 45,724 1,267 3.0 4,556 10.0 42,435 326

1995 46,641 1,418 3.3 4,610 9.9 43,449 330

1996 47,900 1,329 3.0 5,618 11.7 43,611 329

1997 50,332 1,497 3.3 6,768 13.4 45,061 336

1998 49,749 1,666 3.7 5,815 11.7 45,600 337

1999r 51,041 1,971 4.1 5,419 10.6 47,593 348

2000 48,972 1,983 4.3 4,934 10.1 46,021 326

2001 46,809 1,948 4.4 4,670 10.0 44,087 310

2002 48,126 2,065 4.7 5,865 12.2 44,326 308

2003 48,018 1,884 4.0 3,131 6.5 46,771 321

2004 50,085 2,098 4.3 3,278 6.5 48,905 333

2005 49,710 1,963 4.1 3,387 6.8 48,287 326

2006 50,420 2,076 4.2 3,395 6.7 49,101 339

2007 50,400 1,913 3.9 3,719 7.4 48,594 322

2008 48,591 1,783 3.8 3,939 8.1 46,435 305

2009 44,491 1,547 3.6 3,534 7.9 42,504 277

2010 47,460 1,860 4.1 4,081 8.6 45,239 292

2011 47,659 1,783 4.0 4,549 9.5 44,893 288 a

Does not include wet machine board, hard pressed board, nor insulation board. Does not include converted products.

b

By end use.

c

American Forest & Paper Association (5).

d

American Forest & Paper Association (3).

e

This export series represents production for export; numbers may differ from exports reported by U.S. Department of

 Commerce.

g

Based upon population data given in Table 1.

h

Consumption = Production + Imports – Exports. r

Revised.

Consumption

Importsc,d Exportsc,d,e
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

77

Table 46—Paper and board production and fibrous materials consumed in the manufacture of paper and board, 1965–2011

Paper and Recovered

boarda paper

productionb,e Total Wood pulpc Recovered Paperd Othere Recovered utilization 

Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Total Wood pulp paperg Other rate

Year tons tons tons Tons tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Percenth

1965 40,489 46,838 35,728 10,231 879 1.157 0.882 0.253 0.022 25.3

1966 43,904 49,958 38,414 10,564 980 1.138 0.875 0.241 0.022 24.1

1967 43,745 48,846 38,122 9,888 836 1.117 0.871 0.226 0.019 22.6

1968 47,085 53,635 42,508 10,222 905 1.139 0.903 0.217 0.019 21.7

1969 49,824 57,597 44,750 11,969 878 1.156 0.898 0.240 0.018 24.0

1970 48,719 56,595 43,964 11,803 828 1.162 0.902 0.242 0.017 24.2

1971 49,741 58,224 45,243 12,106 875 1.171 0.910 0.243 0.018 24.3

1972 53,842 62,059 48,242 12,925 892 1.153 0.896 0.240 0.017 24.0

1973 56,346 64,953 49,976 14,094 883 1.153 0.887 0.250 0.016 25.0

1974 55,756 64,490 49,670 13,982 838 1.157 0.891 0.251 0.015 25.1

1975 47,997 55,970 43,597 11,748 625 1.166 0.908 0.245 0.013 24.5

1976 54,993 63,294 48,930 13,622 742 1.151 0.890 0.248 0.013 24.8

1977 56,656 65,240 50,356 14,058 826 1.152 0.889 0.248 0.015 24.8

1978 58,571 67,059 51,445 14,760 854 1.145 0.878 0.252 0.015 25.2

1979 61,070 68,648 52,560 15,361 727 1.124 0.861 0.252 0.012 25.2

1980 61,042 68,727 53,203 14,922 602 1.126 0.872 0.244 0.010 24.4

1981 62,109 68,828 53,199 15,037 592 1.108 0.857 0.242 0.010 24.2

1982 59,290 66,611 51,729 14,433 449 1.123 0.872 0.243 0.008 24.3

1983 64,947 70,573 54,504 15,638 431 1.087 0.839 0.241 0.007 24.1

1984 68,449 75,732 58,643 16,724 365 1.106 0.857 0.244 0.005 24.4

1985 66,983 71,482 54,816 16,371 295 1.067 0.818 0.244 0.004 24.4

1986 70,905 75,368 57,121 17,934 313 1.063 0.806 0.253 0.004 25.3

1987 74,361 78,522 59,508 18,694 320 1.056 0.800 0.251 0.004 25.1

1988 76,587 80,730 60,668 19,685 377 1.054 0.792 0.257 0.005 25.7

1989 76,786 81,772 61,234 20,220 318 1.065 0.797 0.263 0.004 26.3

1990 78,679 84,040 62,036 21,736 268 1.068 0.788 0.276 0.003 27.6

1991 79,427 86,143 62,294 23,662 187 1.085 0.784 0.298 0.002 29.8

1992 82,868 89,507 63,145 26,185 177 1.080 0.762 0.316 0.002 31.6

1993 84,857 91,471 63,227 28,011 233 1.078 0.745 0.330 0.003 33.0

1994 89,080 95,771 64,842 30,670 259 1.075 0.728 0.344 0.003 34.4

1995 89,509 96,529 64,811 31,389 329 1.078 0.724 0.351 0.004 35.1

1996 90,381 98,410 64,025 33,979 406 1.089 0.708 0.376 0.004 37.6

1997 95,029 101,591 66,057 35,209 298 1.069 0.695 0.371 0.003 37.1

1998r 94,510 101,218 65,122 35,771 249 1.071 0.689 0.378 0.003 37.8

1999r 97,020 100,690 63,638 36,727 255 1.038 0.656 0.379 0.003 37.9

2000 94,491 99,348 63,576 35,447 254 1.051 0.673 0.375 0.003 37.5

2001r 88,913 94,232 59,380 34,527 268 1.060 0.668 0.388 0.003 38.8

2002 89,636 93,967 59,063 34,579 261 1.048 0.659 0.386 0.003 38.6

2003 88,385 92,478 58,503 33,650 236 1.046 0.662 0.381 0.003 38.1

2004 91,899 94,627 59,566 34,736 212 1.030 0.648 0.378 0.002 37.8

2005 91,031 94,891 60,616 33,950 206 1.042 0.666 0.373 0.002 37.3

2006 91,800 95,697 60,901 34,471 215 1.042 0.663 0.376 0.002 37.6

2007 91,570 89,841 55,598 33,918 215 0.981 0.607 0.370 0.002 37.0

2008 87,619 84,104 51,381 32,398 215 0.960 0.586 0.370 0.002 37.0

2009 78,299 75,838 46,464 29,049 172 0.969 0.593 0.371 0.002 37.1

2010 82,960 77,275 45,613 31,337 176 0.931 0.550 0.378 0.002 37.8

2011 82,003 75,802 45,184 30,293 179 0.924 0.551 0.369 0.002 36.9

a

Excludes wet machine board and construction grades.

b

Production numbers = totals in Table 43. Source: see (e) below.

c

Wood pulp consumption numbers from Table 49.

d

Wastepaper consumption numbers from Table 47 (1985-1999 numbers were revised on Table 47).

e

American Forest & Paper Association (5), American Forest & Paper Association, Paper Recycling Group (7)

g

When given in percents, referred to as "Recovered Paper Utilization Rate".

r

Revised.

Consumption of fibrous materials

Consumption of fibrous materials

per ton of paper and board produced
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

78

Table 47—Paper and board new supply and recyclable paper consumption, exports,

imports, and total recovered, 1965–2011 a,b,c

Paper and Consumed at For molded

board— paper and pulp, insulation, Total Recovery

new supplyd board mills and other uses Exports Imports recoverede rateg

Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Percent

Year tons tons tons tons tons tons

1965 48,270 10,231 z 292 108 z z

1966 52,118 10,564 z 246 113 z z

1967 51,435 9,888 z 262 86 z z

1968 54,351 10,222 z 253 93 z z

1969 57,423 11,969 z 289 75 z z

1970 55,969 11,803 418 408 67 12,562 22.4

1971 57,450 12,106 442 419 68 12,899 22.4

1972 62,040 12,925 447 415 88 13,699 22.1

1973 65,004 14,094 499 683 87 15,189 23.4

1974 63,308 13,982 489 1,307 89 15,689 24.8

1975 54,113 11,748 535 861 72 13,072 24.2

1976 62,014 13,622 630 1,273 106 15,419 24.9

1977 64,243 14,058 870 1,512 92 16,348 25.4

1978 67,787 14,760 502 1,613 70 16,805 24.8

1979 69,796 15,361 509 2,127 78 17,919 25.7

1980 67,166 14,922 472 2,636 87 17,943 26.7

1981 67,957 15,037 480 2,282 79 17,720 26.1

1982 64,730 14,433 487 2,233 74 17,078 26.4

1983 71,166 15,638 474 2,705 100 18,727 26.3

1984 76,937 16,724 459 3,456 110 20,530 26.7

1985r 76,133 16,371 529 3,556 88 20,369 26.8

1986r 79,752 17,934 594 4,093 99 22,521 28.2

1987r 83,484 18,694 657 4,809 127 24,033 28.8

1988r 85,720 19,685 703 5,953 161 26,179 30.5

1989r 85,370 20,220 722 6,307 173 27,077 31.7

1990r 86,901 21,736 994 6,505 123 29,112 33.5

1991r 85,145 23,662 1,063 6,598 122 31,201 36.6

1992r 88,369 26,185 1,137 6,782 150 33,955 38.4

1993r 91,639 28,011 1,216 6,371 138 35,460 38.7

1994r 95,717 30,670 1,300 7,974 253 39,691 41.5

1995r 95,971 31,389 1,390 9,908 498 42,189 44.0

1996r 94,529 33,979 1,487 8,084 474 43,077 45.6

1997r 99,556 35,209 1,590 7,882 693 43,989 44.2

1998r 101,183 35,771 1,700 8,117 511 45,077 44.6

1999r 105,316 36,727 2,000 8,517 426 46,818 44.5

2000 102,811 35,447 2,200 10,272 608 47,311 46.0

2001 97,395 34,527 2,200 10,597 328 46,996 48.3

2002 98,949 34,579 2,200 11,267 411 47,635 48.1

2003 98,016 33,650 2,200 13,805 399 49,256 50.3

2004 101,882 34,736 2,200 13,910 558 50,288 49.5

2005 99,613 33,950 2,000 15,868 545 51,272 51.5

2006 100,665 34,471 1,825 17,501 483 53,314 53.0

2007 97,007 33,918 1,285 19,886 764 54,325 56.0

2008 89,838 32,398 745 19,469 789 51,822 57.7

2009 78,710 29,049 300 21,017 331 50,036 63.4

2010 81,784 31,337 300 20,692 784 51,545 63.5

2011 79,444 30,293 300 23,197 1,005 52,767 66.8

a

Includes paper, paperboard, wet machine board, and construction paper and board.

b

American Forest & Paper Association (7).

c

Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

d

Production plus imports less exports. Includes imports and exports of products.

e

Total recovered paper = total recyclable paper consumption plus exports less imports.

g

Recovery rate is the ratio of total recovered paper collected to new

 supply of paper and paperboard.

r

Revised.

z

Not available.

Recyclable paper
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

79

Table 48—Recovered paper consumption, by major grade, in paper and paperboard

 manufacturea

, 1970–2011 (thousand short tons)b

Total

Old Old Pulp High grade Total recovery

Year Mixed grades newspapers corrugated substitutesc deinking all grades rate (%)d,r

1970 2,639.0 2,235.0 4,080.0 3,067.0 z 12,021.0 22.4

1971 2,776.0 2,174.0 4,277.0 3,096.0 z 12,323.0 22.4

1972 3,054.0 2,317.0 4,722.0 3,039.0 z 13,132.0 22.1

1973 3,371.0 2,456.0 5,292.0 3,199.0 z 14,318.0 23.4

1974 3,118.0 2,408.0 5,716.0 2,954.0 z 14,196.0 24.8

1975 2,606.0 2,040.0 4,743.0 2,594.0 z 11,983.0 24.2

1976 2,798.0 2,278.0 5,696.0 2,117.0 933.0 13,822.0 24.9

1977 2,773.0 2,287.0 6,205.0 2,079.0 944.0 14,288.0 25.4

1978 2,729.0 2,212.0 6,721.0 2,242.0 1,068.0 14,972.0 24.8

1979 2,648.0 2,480.0 6,967.0 2,308.0 1,117.0 15,520.0 25.7

1980 2,268.0 2,564.0 6,866.0 2,254.0 1,142.0 15,094.0 26.7

1981 2,233.0 2,552.0 6,910.0 2,307.0 1,215.0 15,217.0 26.1

1982 1,707.0 2,673.0 6,770.0 2,247.0 1,223.0 14,620.0 26.4

1983 1,908.0 2,692.0 7,443.0 2,456.0 1,323.0 15,822.0 26.3

1984 1,974.5 2,894.8 7,971.7 2,673.4 1,368.6 16,883.0 26.7

1985 1,901.5 2,875.0 7,899.5 2,493.7 1,380.4 16,550.1 26.8

1986 2,044.5 3,117.8 8,633.6 2,761.5 1,570.3 18,127.7 28.2

1987 2,116.0 3,142.6 9,176.7 2,902.2 1,563.5 18,901.0 28.8

1988 2,182.2 3,215.6 9,909.1 2,889.5 1,691.1 19,887.5 30.5

1989 2,355.8 3,638.1 9,993.5 2,642.4 1,812.4 20,442.2 31.7

1990 2,504.9 4,084.5 10,686.5 2,731.8 1,999.8 22,007.5 33.5

1991 2,890.6 4,572.4 11,247.0 2,988.5 2,239.5 23,938.0 36.6

1992 3,463.8 4,816.9 12,532.3 2,997.7 2,669.1 26,479.8 38.4

1993 4,110.1 5,000.3 13,566.8 2,802.1 2,856.8 28,336.1 38.7

1994 4,786.0 5,368.0 15,009.6 2,696.0 3,090.0 30,949.6 41.5

1995 4,529.4 5,157.3 16,513.5 2,459.1 3,004.0 31,663.3 44.0

1996 4,801.7 5,238.4 18,733.3 2,428.8 3,039.9 34,242.1 45.6

1997 4,698.6 5,561.5 19,640.8 2,640.3 2,954.6 35,495.8 44.2

1998 5,440.8 5,611.3 19,530.1 2,341.8 3,147.8 36,071.8 44.6

1999r 5,592.1 5,539.9 20,457.8 2,431.7 3,003.2 37,024.7 44.5

2000 4,948.0 5,809.0 19,968.0 1,890.0 3,129.0 35,744.0 46.0

2001 4,800.0 6,077.0 19,348.0 1,845.0 2,750.0 34,820.0 48.3

2002 4,877.0 5,957.0 19,627.0 1,705.0 2,695.0 34,861.0 48.1

2003 4,591.0 5,756.0 19,294.0 1,818.0 2,473.0 33,932.0 50.3

2004 4,976.0 5,867.0 19,926.0 1,701.0 2,537.0 35,007.0 49.5

2005 4,519.0 5,700.0 20,024.0 1,438.0 2,523.0 34,204.0 51.5

2006 4,690.0 5,807.0 19,967.0 1,541.0 2,721.0 34,726.0 53.0

2007 4,481.0 5,272.0 20,159.0 1,487.0 2,775.0 34,174.0 56.0

2008 4,564.0 4,850.0 19,161.0 1,359.0 2,721.0 32,655.0 57.7

2009 4,150.0 3,826.0 17,415.0 1,218.0 2,659.0 29,268.0 56.0

2010 4,371.0 3,886.0 19,327.0 1,260.0 2,708.0 31,552.0 56.0

2011 3,950.0 3,441.0 19,339.0 1,204.0 2,574.0 30,508.0 56.0 a

Includes paper, paperboard, construction grades and molded pulp grades.

b

American Forest and Paper Association (7).

c

For years 1972‒1975, high grade deinking is included with pulp substitutes. d

Recovery rate is the ratio of total recovered paper collected to new

 supply of paper and paperboard.

r

Revised (1985‒1999 Total recovery on Table 47). z

Not available separately; included with pulp substitutes.

Recovered paper consumption
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

80

Table 49—Wood pulp production, imports, exports, and consumption, 1965–2011 a

Productionb,d Total

Thousand Thousand Consumption Thousand Production Thousand Per capitad

 Year tons tons (%) tons (%) tons Pounds

1965 33,993 3,137 8.8 1,402 4.1 35,728 368

1966 36,603 3,358 8.7 1,547 4.2 38,414 391

1967 36,677 3,166 8.3 1,721 4.7 38,122 384

1968 40,892 3,532 8.3 1,916 4.7 42,508 424

1969 42,813 4,040 9.0 2,103 4.9 44,750 442

1970 43,546 3,513 8.0 3,095 7.1 43,964 429

1971 43,903 3,515 7.8 2,175 5.0 45,243 436

1972 46,767 3,728 7.7 2,253 4.8 48,242 460

1973 48,327 3,993 8.0 2,344 4.9 49,976 472

1974 48,349 4,123 8.3 2,802 5.8 49,670 464

1975 43,084 3,078 7.1 2,565 6.0 43,597 404

1976 47,721 3,727 7.6 2,518 5.3 48,930 449

1977 49,132 3,864 7.7 2,640 5.4 50,356 457

1978 50,020 4,024 7.8 2,599 5.2 51,445 462

1979 51,177 4,318 8.2 2,935 5.7 52,560 467

1980 52,958 4,051 7.6 3,806 7.2 53,203 467

1981 52,790 4,087 7.7 3,678 7.0 53,199 463

1982 51,468 3,656 7.1 3,395 6.6 51,729 446

1983 54,055 4,093 7.5 3,644 6.7 54,504 465

1984 57,747 4,490 7.7 3,594 6.2 58,643 496

1985 54,145 4,466 8.1 3,795 7.0 54,816 460

1986 56,997 4,582 8.0 4,458 7.8 57,121 475

1987 59,547 4,850 8.2 4,889 8.2 59,508 490

1988 61,158 5,038 8.3 5,528 9.0 60,668 495

1989 61,996 5,004 8.2 5,766 9.3 61,234 495

1990 63,048 4,893 7.9 5,905 9.4 62,036 496

1991 63,635 4,997 8.0 6,338 10.0 62,294 493

1992 65,338 5,029 8.0 7,222 11.1 63,145 494

1993 64,313 5,413 8.6 6,499 10.1 63,227 490

1994 65,920 5,650 8.7 6,728 10.2 64,842 497

1995 67,103 5,969 9.2 8,261 12.3 64,811 493

1996 65,503 5,692 8.9 7,170 10.9 64,025 482

1997 66,650 6,398 9.7 6,990 10.5 66,057 493

1998 65,163 5,984 9.2 6,025 9.2 65,122 482

1999r 62,914 6,660 10.5 5,936 9.4 63,638 466

2000 62,758 7,227 11.4 6,409 10.2 63,576 451

2001 58,198 7,348 12.4 6,167 10.6 59,380 417

2002 58,069 7,247 12.3 6,254 10.8 59,063 411

2003 57,659 6,691 11.4 5,847 10.1 58,503 402

2004 59,065 6,726 11.3 6,225 10.5 59,566 405

2005 60,267 6,762 11.2 6,413 10.6 60,616 409

2006 60,568 6,939 11.4 6,606 10.9 60,901 420

2007 58,932 6,793 11.5 6,831 11.6 58,894 390

2008 56,745 6,272 11.4 7,790 13.7 55,227 363

2009 52,122 5,044 10 7,519 14.4 49,647 323

2010 54,353 6,163 11.8 8,265 15.2 52,251 337

2011 55,138 6,117 11.7 9,068 16.4 52,187 335

a

Includes dissolving and special alpha pulps, excludes defibrated/exploded pulps and screenings.

b

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (67,71,72); United Nations, 

 Food and Agriculture Organization (41); American Forest and Paper Association (2,4,5,6).

c

Consumption = Production + Imports – Exports. d

Based on U.S. population data given in Table 1.

r

Revised.

Exportsd

Consumptionc

Importsd
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

81

Table 50—Pulpwood consumed in the manufacture 

of wood pulp, 1965–2011a

Per ton of Wood pulp

Total pulp produced production

Year Thousand cords Cords Thousand tons

1965 54,034 1.59 33,993

1966 57,399 1.57 36,603

1967 58,419 1.59 36,677

1968 60,969 1.49 40,892

1969 64,577 1.51 42,813

1970 66,732 1.53 43,546

1971 66,601 1.52 43,903

1972 68,068 1.46 46,767

1973 71,421 1.48 48,327

1974 75,787 1.57 48,349

1975 63,941 1.48 43,084

1976 71,094 1.49 47,721

1977 72,952 1.48 49,132

1978 75,073 1.50 50,020

1979 78,680 1.54 51,177

1980 81,921 1.55 52,958

1981 81,003 1.53 52,790

1982 76,912 1.49 51,468

1983 84,504 1.56 54,055

1984 86,282 1.49 57,747

1985 85,380 1.58 54,145

1986 91,187 1.60 56,997

1987 93,005 1.56 59,547

1988 93,000 1.52 61,158

1989 92,615 1.49 61,996

1990 92,561 1.47 63,048

1991 91,925 1.44 63,635

1992 93,642 1.43 65,338

1993 90,996 1.41 64,313

1994 93,259 1.41 65,920

1995 93,013 1.39 67,103

1996 88,246 1.35 65,503

1997 92,312 1.39 66,650

1998 90,591 1.39 65,163

1999 86,969 1.38 62,914

2000 87,453 1.39 62,758

2001 83,384 1.43 58,198

2002 82,715 1.42 58,069

2003 85,001 1.47 57,659

2004 86,903 1.47 59,065

2005 86,284 1.43 60,267

2006 84,883 1.40 60,568

2007 80,696 1.45 55,636

2008 74,039 1.40 52,899

2009 72,321 1.48 48,939

2010 79,334 1.66 47,715

2011 81,421 1.69 48,135 a

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (68); 

 American Forest and Paper Association (3,5,6); American

 Pulpwood Association (10). Data may not add to totals 

because of rounding.

b

Includes changes in inventories.

Pulpwood consumptionb
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

82

Table 51—Producer price indexes for paper, board, and wood pulp, 1965–2011 (1997 = 100) a

Year Actual Relativeb Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 19.8 78.3 22.9 90.7 27.5 108.6 32.3 127.7 20.5 81.1

1966 20.4 78.3 23.7 90.9 27.7 106.0 32.3 123.9 20.5 78.6

1967 20.6 78.7 24.3 92.9 27.1 103.6 32.1 122.5 20.5 78.4

1968 20.9 77.8 24.7 92.3 26.0 97.0 32.3 120.6 20.5 76.6

1969 21.5 76.9 25.6 91.8 26.9 96.5 33.9 121.5 20.5 73.6

1970 22.3 77.2 27.0 93.3 27.4 94.7 32.4 112.1 22.5 77.7

1971 22.7 75.9 27.7 92.9 27.8 93.0 33.0 110.4 23.0 77.2

1972 23.5 75.2 28.3 90.6 28.6 91.7 34.1 109.3 22.9 73.3

1973 25.2 71.4 29.5 83.5 31.2 88.5 36.2 102.6 26.3 74.6

1974 31.3 74.7 36.1 86.2 41.2 98.3 39.6 94.4 44.8 106.8

1975 35.1 76.8 42.0 91.9 46.1 100.8 40.8 89.1 58.2 127.2

1976 37.0 77.3 44.3 92.4 47.7 99.7 44.5 92.8 58.8 122.7

1977 38.5 75.7 47.2 92.8 47.7 93.8 50.3 99.0 57.7 113.5

1978 40.3 73.6 50.1 91.4 48.7 89.0 60.1 109.7 54.8 100.0

1979 45.3 73.4 55.8 90.5 54.8 88.8 58.5 94.9 64.6 104.7

1980 51.4 73.0 62.4 88.7 63.6 90.4 66.1 94.0 78.1 110.9

1981 56.5 73.6 68.0 88.5 69.9 91.0 74.3 96.8 81.6 106.3

1982 59.6 76.1 69.5 88.7 69.1 88.2 76.8 98.0 77.9 99.4

1983 61.5 77.5 68.5 86.3 68.0 85.6 80.2 101.0 71.3 89.8

1984 65.8 80.9 73.6 90.5 76.2 93.8 83.1 102.3 81.6 100.4

1985 67.5 83.5 73.7 91.2 74.4 92.0 82.5 102.0 71.2 88.0

1986 69.2 88.2 74.4 94.8 73.6 93.8 83.6 106.4 73.7 93.8

1987 72.6 90.1 77.6 96.3 81.6 101.3 85.4 106.0 86.8 107.8

1988 77.7 92.8 85.7 102.3 92.0 109.8 87.0 103.8 106.4 127.0

1989 82.1 93.4 90.2 102.5 96.8 110.0 88.8 101.0 122.6 139.4

1990 84.1 92.3 89.6 98.3 93.8 102.9 86.2 94.5 117.8 129.3

1991 85.1 93.3 88.3 96.7 90.0 98.5 85.9 94.1 92.8 101.7

1992 86.5 94.2 85.6 93.2 92.9 101.1 91.9 100.0 93.3 101.6

1993 87.7 94.2 86.1 92.4 89.8 96.4 102.0 109.4 81.2 87.1

1994 90.9 96.3 87.5 92.7 96.8 102.6 110.8 117.4 90.7 96.1

1995 102.6 105.0 110.6 113.2 126.5 129.4 111.3 113.9 142.6 145.9

1996 100.6 100.5 104.0 103.9 107.8 107.7 105.3 105.2 104.2 104.1

1997 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1998 101.8 104.4 101.6 104.2 104.9 107.6 101.9 104.5 95.5 97.9

1999 103.8 105.5 98.6 100.2 105.8 107.6 108.7 110.6 93.2 94.8

2000 109.5 105.3 104.2 100.2 122.1 117.4 106.6 102.5 113.1 108.8

2001 110.2 104.8 104.8 99.6 118.9 113.1 99.3 94.4 98.0 93.1

2002 110.9 107.9 100.8 98.1 113.7 110.6 94.6 92.0 90.6 88.1

2003 113.3 104.7 101.6 93.9 112.4 103.9 116.7 107.8 94.5 87.3

2004 116.7 101.5 103.9 90.4 117.6 102.3 140.4 122.1 102.9 89.5

2005 120.8 97.9 111.0 90.0 121.3 98.3 134.9 109.4 107.5 87.1

2006 125.1 96.9 116.4 90.2 132.7 102.7 126.2 97.7 112.2 86.9

2007 129.3 95.4 117.8 86.9 139.4 102.8 113.2 83.6 125.8 92.8

2008 135.2 91.0 128.2 86.3 150.5 101.3 119.6 80.5 133.5 89.8

2009 134.5 99.3 124.9 92.2 143.2 105.6 114.2 84.3 117.0 86.3

2010 141.2 97.6 126.7 87.5 155.4 107.3 122.9 84.9 144.8 100.1

2011 146.1 92.8 112.8 71.6 147.5 93.6 98.4 62.4 125.2 79.5

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (77,78).

b

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities price index. 

Building paper

 and board Wood pulp

Pulp, paper, and

allied products Paper Paperboard
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

83

Table 52—Producer price indexes for wastepaper, by grade, 1965–2012 (1997 = 100)a

Wastepaper Newspaper Mixed papers Corrugated High gradesb Exports (all grades)

Year Actual Relativec Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative Actual Relative

1965 63.5 196.541 z z z z z z zz z z

1966 67.0 201.3 z z z z z z zz z z

1967 49.9 149.321 126.6 378.981 67.7 202.789 42.5 127.182 zz z z

1968 64.8 189.577 173.6 507.663 103.3 302.051 54.6 159.694 zz z z

1969 69.1 194.231 155.7 437.267 114.0 320.087 59.7 167.579 zz z z

1970 62.4 169.062 136.8 370.76 88.2 238.967 57.6 156.116 zz z z

1971 55.9 146.653 130.6 342.761 83.1 218.024 47.4 124.504 zz z z

1972 66.6 167.363 151.0 379.279 105.1 264.1 55.9 140.446 zz z z

1973 98.4 218.653 173.7 386.047 156.2 347.178 95.0 211.016 zz z z

1974 132.5 247.589 255.3 477.132 224.0 418.62 106.9 199.856 zz z z

1975 54.9 94.084 141.5 242.337 70.1 119.991 38.2 65.4197 zz z z

1976 92.1 150.8 252.7 413.516 105.9 173.253 83.2 136.109 zz z z

1977 93.4 143.924 265.3 408.776 118.0 181.815 79.2 122.081 zz z z

1978 95.4 136.41 253.8 363.035 151.7 216.954 85.9 122.886 zz z z

1979 103.0 130.932 192.2 244.189 138.3 175.78 118.4 150.414 zz z z

1980 104.1 115.877 212.0 236.12 150.1 167.097 81.6 90.8952 zz z z

1981 87.7 89.4474 z z z z z z zz z z

1982 60.4 60.4 91.3 91.3 51.3 51.3 40.2 40.2 zz z z

1983 z z z z z z z z zz z z

1984 119.8 115.5 244.4 235.7 165.7 159.8 127.7 123.1 zz z z

1985 74.3 72.0 189.9 184.0 140.9 136.5 62.3 60.4 zz z z

1986 86.1 86.0 174.6 174.3 123.5 123.3 95.6 95.5 zz z z

1987 109.6 106.6 222.7 216.6 146.5 142.5 125.9 122.5 112.1 109.1 112.4 109.4

1988 110.9 103.7 219.0 204.8 161.6 151.1 100.7 94.2 134.8 126.1 115.1 107.7

1989 94.9 84.6 113.5 101.2 110.4 98.4 72.5 64.6 139.3 124.1 101.7 90.6

1990 83.9 72.2 95.1 81.8 83.2 71.5 66.5 57.2 122.6 105.5 90.4 77.7

1991 73.4 63.0 93.1 79.9 61.3 52.7 66.3 56.9 99.0 85.0 80.6 69.2

1992 70.2 59.9 83.6 71.3 51.3 43.8 58.6 50.0 101.7 86.7 79.8 68.1

1993 70.9 59.6 92.1 77.4 86.4 72.6 57.2 48.1 97.6 82.1 74.4 62.6

1994 126.8 105.3 185.9 154.4 202.8 168.4 129.6 107.6 114.1 94.8 111.0 92.2

1995 224.2 179.8 388.9 311.8 496.9 398.5 206.9 165.9 164.2 131.7 199.3 159.8

1996 84.5 66.2 100.3 78.5 106.5 83.4 85.5 66.9 83.5 65.4 80.6 63.2

1997 100.0 78.4 100.0 78.4 100.0 78.4 100.0 78.4 100.0 78.4 100.0 78.4

1998 88.1 70.8 110.1 88.5 164.6 132.3 72.5 58.3 94.1 75.6 76.2 61.3

1999 110.9 88.4 151.5 120.7 381.5 304.0 81.9 65.2 102.3 81.5 104.0 82.8

2000 170.7 128.6 227.5 171.5 790.6 595.8 98.2 74.0 165.1 124.4 140.5 105.9

2001 89.8 66.9 140.8 104.9 195.7 145.8 53.4 39.8 103.5 77.1 78.8 58.7

2002 104.5 79.7 172.2 131.4 396.6 302.5 79.0 60.3 106.2 81.0 106.6 81.3

2003 119.2 86.3 189.7 137.3 537.2 389.0 80.7 58.4 87.8 63.6 90.3 65.4

2004 139.8 95.3 221.8 151.2 722.0 492.1 106.6 72.6 95.7 65.2 116.9 79.7

2005 162.0 102.9 199.1 126.5 338.8 215.3 147.2 93.5 95.4 60.6 110.2 70.0

2006 164.7 99.9 190.8 115.8 289.0 175.4 153.7 93.3 98.8 60.0 110.1 66.8

2007 258.6 149.6 255.8 147.9 421.6 243.8 239.3 138.4 137.5 79.5 176.6 102.2

2008 261.3 137.8 278.4 146.9 412.8 217.7 211.5 111.5 153.7 81.1 189.0 99.7

2009 166.3 96.2 167.6 96.9 209.1 120.9 112.0 64.8 94.6 54.7 151.3 87.5

2010 295.7 160.1 225.1 121.9 404.6 219.1 236.3 128.0 240.4 130.1 151.3 81.9

2011 338.5 168.4 291.8 145.2 430.0 214.0 262.7 130.7 183.0 91.0 284.9 141.8

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (77,78).

b

Pulp substitutes and deinking; December 1986 = 100.

c

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities price index.

z

Not available
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

84

Table 53—Particleboard and medium-density fiberboard production, imports, 

exports, and consumption, 1965–2011 (3/4-in. basis)a

Medium-density

Total Particleboard fiberboard Importsb Exports Total

Million Million Million Million Million Million Per capita

square square square square square square Square

Year feet feet feet feet feet feet feet

1965 828 753 75 4 c 832 4

1966 1,031 948 83 1 c 1,032 5

1967 1,167 1,074 93 1 2 1,166 6

1968 1,494 1,391 103 1 6 1,489 7

1969 1,796 1,682 114 12 14 1,794 9

1970 1,858 1,731 127 3 10 1,851 9

1971 2,500 2,359 141 8 20 2,488 12

1972 3,236 3,079 157 14 45 3,205 15

1973 3,634 3,460 174 17 77 3,574 17

1974 3,269 3,075 194 7 113 3,163 15

1975 2,718 2,503 215 16 84 2,650 12

1976 3,469 3,189 280 60 80 3,449 16

1977 4,010 3,569 441 158 63 4,105 19

1978 4,228 3,720 508 193 61 4,360 20

1979 3,883 3,376 507 221 84 4,020 18

1980 3,443 2,950 493 264 106 3,601 16

1981 3,385 2,869 516 254 117 3,522 15

1982 2,839 2,393 446 766 41 3,564 15

1983 3,613 3,009 604 994 47 4,560 19

1984 3,830 3,196 634 1,331 54 5,107 22

1985 4,016 3,331 685 1,335 59 5,292 22

1986 4,384 3,603 781 1,395 86 5,693 24

1987 4,605 3,706 899 1,550 113 6,042 25

1988 4,768 3,829 939 1,634 163 6,239 25

1989 4,828 3,858 970 425 333 4,920 20

1990 4,756 3,806 950 363 373 4,746 19

1991 4,730 3,772 958 293 369 4,654 18

1992 5,046 3,980 1,066 405 394 5,057 20

1993 5,402 4,241 1,161 572 318 5,656 22

1994 5,793 4,542 1,251 775 297 6,271 24

1995 5,307 4,200 1,107 840 319 5,828 22

1996 5,705 4,459 1,246 814 154 6,365 24

1997 5,916 4,531 1,385 963 188 6,691 25

1998 5,994 4,593 1,401 1,038 135 6,897 26

1999r 6,229 4,816 1,413 1,221 135 7,315 27

2000 6,292 4,804 1,488 1,856 162 7,986 28

2001 5,480 4,096 1,384 1,936 192 7,224 25

2002 6,035 4,414 1,621 1,377 212 7,200 25

2003 5,592 3,984 1,608 1,574 194 6,972 24

2004 6,052 4,305 1,747 1,751 195 7,608 26

2005 5,951 4,111 1,840 1,571 199 7,322 25

2006 5,911 4,055 1,856 1,283 205 6,989 24

2007 5,432 3,543 1,889 1,241 328 6,345 21

2008 4,623 2,916 1,707 1,180 398 5,404 18

2009 3,865 2,194 1,671 1,144 338 4,671 15

2010 3,709 2,287 1,422 1,326 400 4,634 15

2011 3,750 2,290 1,460 1,333 407 4,676 15 a

Composite Panel Association (15); U.S. International Trade Commission (84);

 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91).Data may not add to

 totals because of rounding.

b

May contain significant volumes of waferboard and oriented strandboard products

 prior to 1989.

c

Fewer than 500,000 ft2.

Production

Consumption
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

85

Table 54—lnsulating boarda production, imports, exports, and

 consumption, 1965–2011 (1/2-in. basis) b

Production Importsc Exports Total

Million Million Million Million Per capita

Year square feet square feet square feet square feet Square feet

1965 3,362 75 42 3,395 17

1966 3,079 67 48 3,098 16

1967 3,209 69 45 3,233 16

1968 3,476 94 45 3,525 18

1969 3,623 98 65 3,656 18

1970 3,194 103 51 3,246 16

1971 3,839 115 65 3,889 19

1972 3,918 121 66 3,973 19

1973 3,914 140 79 3,975 19

1974 3,282 72 102 3,252 15

1975 2,960 36 77 2,919 14

1976 3,407 45 77 3,375 15

1977 3,462 107 84 3,485 16

1978 3,437 139 106 3,470 16

1979 3,310 138 49 3,399 15

1980 2,780 100 62 2,818 12

1981 2,124 104 110 2,118 9

1982 1,790 118 67 1,841 8

1983 2,277 204 83 2,398 10

1984 2,545 286 89 2,742 12

1985 2,461 343 80 2,724 11

1986 2,194 338 117 2,415 10

1987 2,242 273 127 2,388 10

1988 2,340 320 203 2,457 10

1989 2,455 346 180 2,621 11

1990 2,365 290 175 2,480 10

1991 2,323 200 191 2,332 9

1992 2,363 310 215 2,458 10

1993 2,358 285 208 2,435 9

1994 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1995 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1996 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1997 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1998 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

1999 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

2000 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

2001 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

2002 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

2003 2,335 305 170 2,470 8

2004 2,335 305 170 2,470 8

2005 2,335 305 170 2,470 8

2006 2,335 305 170 2,470 9

2007 2,335 305 170 2,470 8

2008 2,335 305 170 2,470 8

2009 2,335 305 170 2,470 8

2010 2,335 305 170 2,470 8

2011 2,335 305 170 2,470 8 a

Density equal to or less than 31 lb/ft3. b

American Forest and Paper Association (3,5); U.S. Department 

 of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (67,71,72); Data may not 

 add to totals because of rounding.

c

Includes other building board.

Consumption
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

86

Table 55—lnsulating board

a production, imports, exports, and

 consumption, 1965–2011b

Production Importsc Exports Total

Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Per capita

Year tons tons tons tons pounds

1965 1,234 28 15 1,246 6

1966 1,130 25 18 1,137 6

1967 1,178 25 17 1,187 6

1968 1,276 34 17 1,294 6

1969 1,330 36 24 1,342 7

1970 1,172 38 19 1,191 6

1971 1,409 42 24 1,427 7

1972 1,438 44 24 1,458 7

1973 1,436 51 29 1,459 7

1974 1,204 26 37 1,193 6

1975 1,086 13 28 1,071 5

1976 1,250 17 28 1,239 6

1977 1,271 39 31 1,279 6

1978 1,261 51 39 1,273 6

1979 1,215 51 18 1,247 6

1980 1,020 37 23 1,034 5

1981 780 38 40 777 3

1982 657 43 25 676 3

1983 836 75 30 880 4

1984 934 105 33 1,006 4

1985 903 126 29 1,000 4

1986 805 124 43 886 4

1987 823 100 47 876 4

1988 859 117 75 902 4

1989 901 127 66 962 4

1990 868 106 64 910 4

1991 853 73 70 856 3

1992 867 114 79 902 4

1993 865 105 76 894 3

1994 857 112 62 906 3

1995 857 112 62 906 3

1996 857 112 62 906 3

1997 857 112 62 906 3

1998 857 112 62 906 3

1999 857 112 62 906 3

2000 857 112 62 906 3

2001 857 112 62 906 3

2002 857 112 62 906 3

2003 857 112 62 906 3

2004 857 112 62 906 3

2005 857 112 62 906 3

2006 857 112 62 906 3

2007 857 112 62 906 3

2008 857 112 62 906 3

2009 857 112 62 906 3

2010 857 112 62 906 3

2011 857 112 62 906 3

a

Density equal to or less than 31 lb/ft3. b

Product of Table 54 using a conversion of .367. 

c

Includes other building board.

Consumption
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

87

Table 56—Hardboarda production, imports, exports, and 

consumption, 1965–2011 (1/8-in. basis) b

Productionc Imports Exports Total

Million Million Million Million Per capita

Year square feet square feet square feet square feet Square feet

1965 2,921 574 22 3,473 18

1966 3,083 459 32 3,510 18

1967 3,038 455 30 3,463 17

1968 3,710 623 40 4,293 21

1969 4,247 694 48 4,893 24

1970 4,384 452 77 4,759 23

1971 5,225 631 83 5,773 28

1972 5,798 1,060 103 6,755 32

1973 6,050 1,047 131 6,966 33

1974 5,654 739 175 6,218 29

1975 5,681 264 158 5,787 27

1976 6,785 486 187 7,084 32

1977 7,714 625 174 8,165 37

1978 7,825 903 78 8,650 39

1979 7,688 831 101 8,418 37

1980 6,140 515 87 6,568 29

1981 6,105 568 171 6,502 28

1982 5,587 458 47 5,998 26

1983 7,303 717 60 7,960 34

1984 6,837 807 64 7,580 32

1985 6,300 782 192 6,890 29

1986 5,822 855 182 6,495 27

1987 5,458 832 269 6,021 25

1988 5,118 633 322 5,429 22

1989 5,196 718 427 5,487 22

1990 5,025 689 552 5,162 21

1991 4,895 571 606 4,860 19

1992 5,273 571 836 5,008 20

1993 5,248 639 917 4,970 19

1994 5,206 1,119 1,190 5,135 20

1995 4,930 1,152 1,377 4,705 18

1996 5,280 1,183 1,426 5,037 19

1997 4,501 1,306 1,259 4,548 17

1998 4,300 1,273 871 4,703 17

1999 4,386 1,782 916 5,253 19

2000 3,781 1,764 942 4,602 16

2001 3,322 2,299 788 4,833 17

2002 2,919 2,676 669 4,926 17

2003 4,304 3,080 648 6,736 23

2004 3,880 4,188 1,005 7,063 24

2005 4,347 4,786 1,076 8,056 27

2006 3,870 4,899 1,321 7,448 26

2007 3,312 4,010 1,215 6,107 20

2008 2,916 2,407 1,138 4,185 14

2009 2,226 1,538 994 2,770 9

2010 2,718 1,118 920 2,916 9

2011 2,466 697 798 2,366 8

a

Density greater than 31 lb/ft3. b

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (67,71,72); 

 American Forest & Paper Association (3,4,5); U.S. International Trade 

 Commission (84); Composite Panel Association (15);

 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service (91).

 Data may not add to totals because of rounding.

c

Data for the years 1982 to present are for shipments.

history numbers do not reflect entire industry.

Consumption
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

88

Table 57—Producer price indexes for hardboard and particleboard, 

1965–2011 (1997 = 100)a

Year Actual Relatived Actual Relatived Actual Relatived

1965 38.1 150.6 36.6 144.4 z z

1966 37.9 145.4 36.5 139.8 z z

1967 36.6 140.0 35.8 136.8 z z

1968 36.3 135.3 35.0 130.8 z z

1969 37.7 135.0 35.8 128.3 z z

1970 34.1 118.1 36.6 126.4 z z

1971 34.2 114.6 36.1 121.0 z z

1972 35.3 113.3 36.6 117.2 z z

1973 38.7 109.7 37.6 106.5 z z

1974 42.2 100.6 42.1 100.4 z z

1975 41.6 91.0 42.0 91.8 z z

1976 45.3 94.7 47.1 98.3 z z

1977 51.6 101.5 51.2 100.6 z z

1978 62.5 114.0 56.1 102.5 z z

1979 60.7 98.4 58.9 95.5 z z

1980 69.9 99.4 67.1 95.3 z z

1981 77.9 101.4 78.0 101.6 z z

1982 80.5 102.7 81.8 104.3 z z

1983 83.9 105.7 82.1 103.4 74.6 93.9

1984 87.2 107.2 83.5 102.8 81.8 100.6

1985 85.4 105.6 84.3 104.2 77.4 95.6

1986 86.2 109.8 84.9 108.1 78.9 100.5

1987 88.1 109.3 83.2 103.3 84.9 105.4

1988 89.5 106.8 84.7 101.1 88.0 105.0

1989 90.3 102.7 84.8 96.4 90.2 102.6

1990 86.5 94.9 82.9 90.9 82.3 90.3

1991 85.7 93.8 81.3 89.0 82.1 89.9

1992 92.5 100.7 84.0 91.5 85.1 92.7

1993 103.1 110.6 89.5 96.1 97.7 104.8

1994 111.9 118.5 91.7 97.2 109.4 115.9

1995 112.3 114.9 95.1 97.4 109.3 111.8

1996 105.8 105.7 97.3 97.3 104.9 104.8

1997 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1998 102.3 105.0 97.9 100.4 97.6 100.1

1999 109.4 111.2 100.1 101.8 100.7 102.4

2000 106.8 102.7 101.8 97.9 104.0 100.0

2001 98.6 93.7 95.5 90.8 97.5 92.7

2002 98.6 96.0 93.8 91.3 94.8 92.3

2003 123.0 113.7 95.7 88.5 96.5 89.1

2004 148.9 129.5 99.6 86.6 123.0 107.0

2005 142.3 115.3 98.6 79.9 118.9 96.4

2006 132.2 102.4 101.2 78.3 139.3 107.8

2007 117.7 86.8 100.6 74.2 137.3 101.3

2008 124.2 83.6 103.0 69.3 146.5 98.6

2009 118.3 87.3 102.6 75.7 136.0 100.3

2010 127.5 88.1 107.0 73.9 133.7 92.4

2011 123.8 78.6 109.9 69.8 138.0 87.6

a

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (77,78).

b

Hardboard, particleboard, and fiberboard products.

c

Platen-type (mat formed).

d

Derived by dividing the actual price index by the all commodities index.

z

Not available.

Particleboardc Hardboard

Hardboard and

particleboardb
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

89

Table 58—Production of treated wood products by type of treatment, treatment plant, and product, 1984–2011 (thousands of board feet)a

Creosote Oilborneb Waterborne Fire Fire

Year Total solutions pressure pressure retardants Creosote Oilborne Waterborne retardants

1984 5,989,488 1,651,128 643,320 3,620,364 74,676 120 95 445 75

1985 6,231,780 1,542,852 630,420 3,944,124 114,384 123 97 449 77

1986 6,649,236 1,424,988 593,808 4,505,496 124,944 117 81 475 79

1987 6,911,796 1,173,888 582,684 5,027,808 127,416 109 71 479 81

1988 7,189,740 1,085,772 574,428 5,406,780 122,760 97 65 484 80

1989 6,683,316 1,078,440 592,632 4,883,292 128,952 90 60 473 71

1990 7,027,620 1,118,304 559,104 5,252,100 98,112 85 65 458 66

1991 6,781,128 1,051,320 521,880 5,092,440 115,488 83 63 445 60

1992 7,025,796 1,078,452 477,876 5,369,244 100,224 81 44 432 57

1993 7,270,452 1,105,584 433,860 5,646,048 84,960 76 49 404 48

1994 7,609,020 1,134,780 495,348 5,962,596 16,296 85 33 461 44

1995 6,946,488 1,101,012 393,168 5,407,152 45,156 71 28 384 39

1996 7,099,307 1,038,136 401,934 5,614,264 44,974 68 27 368 29

1997 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

1998 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

1999 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2000 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2001 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2002 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2003 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2004 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2005 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2006 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2007 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2008 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2009 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2010 8,772,963 1,168,768 468,270 6,977,434 158,491 70 46 381 35

2011

Fence Switch and Plywood

Year Totald Lumber Timbers Poles Pilings posts Crossties bridge ties (thousand sq.ft.) Othere

1984 3,980,729 948,965 324,492 931,896 142,068 235,800 1,064,640 98,376 179,936 234,492

1985 4,032,820 1,025,956 350,496 921,972 126,348 149,232 1,030,728 97,608 267,072 330,480

1986 4,136,740 1,173,628 387,348 880,092 125,784 208,092 965,316 70,884 297,664 325,596

1987 4,118,679 1,290,567 542,376 903,288 97,440 135,024 715,128 111,672 408,064 323,184

1988 4,136,768 1,417,868 540,204 854,292 116,388 148,848 693,240 75,780 406,560 290,148

1989 4,054,037 1,207,913 527,412 887,700 116,136 172,524 696,264 75,612 422,048 370,476

1990 4,240,101 1,290,657 576,012 882,012 86,232 178,488 755,856 85,980 392,736 384,864

1991 4,129,285 1,220,053 630,372 860,808 81,240 166,020 731,664 74,760 415,936 364,368

1992 4,236,767 1,284,479 622,284 812,592 93,012 165,504 747,348 77,052 430,368 434,496

1993 4,344,226 1,348,906 614,196 764,376 104,772 164,988 763,032 79,332 444,800 504,624

1994 5,146,279 1,084,470 970,867 903,974 121,390 246,946 756,648 120,036 651,267 941,949

1995 4,698,187 990,043 886,332 825,264 110,820 225,444 690,768 109,584 594,560 859,932

1996 4,470,363 1,160,247 667,572 762,792 101,028 281,208 669,948 68,880 681,088 758,688

1997 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

1998 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

1999 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2000 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2001 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2002 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2003 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2004 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2005 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2006 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2007 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2008 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2009 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2010 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

2011 5,287,364 1,543,748 1,032,313 774,235 108,062 181,375 911,537 72,042 772,963 664,053

a

Wood Preservation Institute (88); American Plywood Association, The Engineered Wood Association (11,12, 13).

b

Pentachlorophenol, Copper napthenate, Zinc napthenate, Copper-8-quinolinolate, and TBTO (mostly pentachlorophenol).

c

1984 was estimated.

d

Excludes plywood. 

e

Crossarms, landscape timbers, highway posts and guardrails, mine ties and timbers, crossing planks, and other misc. products not listed above.

 Lumber taken from General Technical Report GTR-199 update, table 11 Hardwood Recovery Factor. 

 Plywood taken from GTR-199 update, Hardwood Plywood Lumber Conversion table B-7. All Other taken from GTR-199 update, table B-10.

Volume Treated with Plants treating withc

Volume by product
Research Paper FPL–RP–676

90

Table 59—Forest chemical products in liters and metric tons, 1965–2011a

Tall oil fatty acids Turpentineb Rosinc

Over 2% Under 2% Sulphate Gum Steam Tall oil Gum Steam

Total rosin rosin Total turpentine

d turpentine distilled wood Total rosin rosin distilled wood

1000 Metric 1000 Metric 1000 Metric 1000 1000 U.S. 1000 U.S. 1000 U.S. 1000 Metric 1000 Metric 1000 Metric 1000 Metric

Year Tons Tons Tons Liters Liters Liters Liters Tons Tons Tons Tons

1965 149.1 z z 132,575 79,595 21,073 31,907 537.5 162.9 93.9 280.7

1966 168.6 z z 125,922 80,747 15,934 29,241 509.0 181.8 71.0 256.3

1967 166.6 z z 118,816 79,419 12,817 26,579 485.9 177.0 58.1 250.8

1968 169.4 z z 123,400 89,529 9,538 24,333 479.8 185.7 44.5 249.6

1969 185.4 z z 116,816 90,728 6,621 19,466 452.8 206.1 30.9 215.8

1970 200.2 z z 108,950 86,159 4,887 17,904 430.5 207.9 22.8 199.8

1971 203.6 z z 107,597 86,074 5,366 16,157 423.9 209.3 23.9 190.7

1972 214.4 z z 107,075 87,818 5,024 14,233 423.4 218.3 23.1 181.9

1973 206.2 z z 103,342 85,635 4,325 13,381 380.4 202.0 18.4 160.0

1974 181.6 z z 96,814 80,904 3,016 12,893 335.7 180.0 13.2 142.5

1975 146.6 z z 81,253 70,293 3,807 7,152 240.0 146.1 16.2 77.7

1976 187.0 z z 91,516 76,689 3,482 11,345 318.4 183.4 15.3 119.7

1977 179.6 89.1 90.5 89,483 76,810 2,766 9,907 310.1 184.0 12.2 113.9

1978 176.2 92.8 83.4 94,414 83,504 1,956 8,954 309.8 192.3 8.5 109.0

1979 191.6 97.4 94.2 99,364 88,738 1,396 9,230 322.2 210.6 6.4 105.2

1980 190.0 104.4 85.6 104,768 94,528 1,188 9,052 312.4 203.0 5.4 104.0

1981 191.5 92.8 98.7 97,502 88,212 1,022 8,269 301.2 201.6 4.6 95.0

1982 170.6 82.8 87.8 88,375 80,541 870 6,963 260.4 176.4 4.0 80.0

1983 194.5 94.0 100.5 90,096 83,985 889 5,222 276.3 192.4 3.9 80.0

1984 214.4 107.6 106.8 87,921 81,847 851 5,222 268.9 205.1 3.8 60.0

1985 186.0 97.1 88.9 83,977 79,833 662 3,482 238.1 195.0 3.1 40.0

1986 195.5 102.3 93.2 83,088 83,088 z z 197.1 197.1 z z

1987 210.0 103.7 106.3 87,781 87,781 z z 229.2 229.2 z z

1988 217.6 108.1 109.5 105,960 105,960 z z 233.2 233.2 z z

1989 219.3 104.3 115.0 112,579 112,579 z z 238.3 238.3 z z

1990 215.3 102.5 112.8 117,605 117,605 z z 249.6 249.6 z z

1991 240.7 114.3 126.4 97,510 97,510 z z 239.0 239.0 z z

1992 229.0 104.5 124.5 92,708 92,708 z z 241.9 241.9 z z

1993 232.0 97.6 134.4 102,607 102,607 z z 259.6 259.6 z z

1994 253.7 113.3 140.4 99,996 99,996 z z 256.2 256.2 z z

1995 227.1 99.1 128.0 95,849 95,849 z z 247.8 247.8 z z

1996 231.5 99.1 132.4 84,814 84,814 z z 264.2 264.2 z z

1997 248.8 102.5 146.3 96,742 96,742 z z 280.4 280.4 z z

1998 256.3 118.9 137.4 91,376 91,376 z z 247.0 247.0 z z

1999 263.8 121.5 142.3 78,460 78,460 z z 210.1 210.1 z z

2000 239.1 92.9 146.3 87,342 87,342 z z 222.7 222.7 z z

2001 211.1 86.7 124.4 84,973 84,973 z z 187.9 187.9 z z

2002 219.4 92.8 126.6 91,436 91,436 z z 208.9 208.9 z z

2003 255.9 107.0 148.9 87,277 87,277 z z 219.5 219.5 z z

2004 348.2 174.1 174.1 85,026 85,026 z z 244.3 244.3 z z

2005 339.8 165.7 174.1 83,546 83,546 z z 237.5 237.5 z z

2006 340.1 z z 82,490 82,490 z z 252.0 252.0 z z

2007 345.0 z z 84,957 84,957 z z 256.0 256.0 z z

2008 350.2 z z 87,508 87,508 z z 260.1 260.1 z z

2009 341.2 z z 85,813 85,813 z z 254.9 254.9 z z

2010 341.2 z z 85,813 85,813 z z 254.9 254.9 z z

2011 341.2 z z 85,813 85,813 z z 254.9 254.9 z z

a

Naval Stores Review (31); Pine Chemicals Association (33).

b

1965-1972 numbers are converted from 50 gallon bbls to 1,000 gallons.

c

1965-1972 numbers are converted from 520-lb. drums to 1,000 short tons.

d

1988-present represents crude turpentine production.

z

Not available.

p Preliminary.
U.S. Timber Production, Trade, Consumption and Price Statistics 1965–2011

91

Table 60―Wood energy use in the United States 1973‒2011

Total Residential Commercial Industrial

Electric

utilities Total Residential Commercial Industrial

Electric

utilities

1973 1527 354 7 1165 1 6108 1416 27 4659 5

1974 1538 371 7 1159 1 6151 1484 28 4636 3

1975 1497 425 8 1063 0 5988 1702 32 4253 1

1976 1711 482 9 1220 1 6846 1927 36 4880 4

1977 1837 542 10 1281 3 7346 2167 41 5125 13

1978 2036 622 12 1400 2 8145 2487 47 5602 8

1979 2150 728 14 1405 3 8599 2912 55 5619 12

1980 2483 859 21 1600 3 9931 3436 84 6400 11

1981 2495 869 21 1602 3 9978 3476 84 6408 10

1982 2477 937 22 1516 2 9908 3748 88 6064 8

1983 2639 925 22 1690 2 10557 3700 88 6760 9

1984 2629 923 22 1679 5 10515 3692 88 6716 19

1985 2576 899 24 1645 8 10303 3596 96 6580 31

1986 2518 876 27 1610 5 10073 3504 108 6440 21

1987 2465 852 29 1576 8 9861 3408 116 6304 33

1988 2552 885 32 1625 10 10207 3540 128 6500 39

1989 2637 918 36 1584 100 10548 3672 144 6334 398

1990 2191 581 39 1442 129 8762 2324 157 5768 514

1991 2190 613 41 1410 126 8759 2452 164 5639 503

1992 2290 645 44 1461 140 9162 2580 176 5845 561

1993 2227 548 46 1483 150 8907 2192 183 5933 599

1994 2315 537 46 1580 152 9261 2148 184 6319 609

1995 2420 596 46 1652 125 9678 2384 184 6608 502

1996 2467 595 50 1684 138 9867 2380 202 6734 551

1997 2350 433 49 1731 137 9398 1732 196 6922 548

1998 2175 387 48 1603 137 8702 1549 193 6414 547

1999 2224 414 52 1620 138 8895 1655 209 6478 552

2000 2257 433 53 1636 134 9027 1733 213 6544 537

2001 1980 370 40 1443 126 7918 1480 162 5770 506

2002 1899 313 39 1396 150 7595 1252 157 5586 601

2003 1929 359 40 1363 167 7717 1436 159 5453 669

2004 2015 332 41 1476 165 8060 1329 166 5904 661

2005 1826 332 41 1284 168 7302 1329 166 5137 670

2006 2109 390 65 1472 182 8436 1560 259 5890 727

2007 2098 430 69 1413 186 8394 1720 278 5652 744

2008 2044 450 73 1344 177 8175 1800 292 5375 708

2009 1880 430 72 1198 180 7522 1720 290 4792 720

2010 1979 420 70 1293 196 7916 1680 280 5172 784

2011 1967 420 70 1302 175 7868 1680 280 5208 700

Note - wood equivalent is esimtated using one quadrillian Btus equal to 4 billion cubic feet of wood, actual wood fuel includes

roundwood, bark, mill residue, and black liquor from pulp mills

Source: USDA Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review (90)

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/renew.html

Year

Trillion BTU Million cubic feet of wood equivalent