State of California 

AIR RESOURCES BOARD 

CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES 

FOR 1997 AND LATER OFF-HIGHWAY RECREATIONAL VEHICLES AND ENGINES 

Adopted: May 26, 1995 

Amended: October 22, 1999 

Amended: <insert date of amendment here> 

NOTE: This document incorporates by reference, with noted modifications, sections 

of Subparts E and F, Part 86, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, and

sections of Subparts A, B, C, F, and I, Part 1051, Title 40, Code of Federal 

Regulations. California provisions which replace specific federal provisions 

are denoted by the words “DELETE” for the federal language and 

“REPLACE WITH” or “ADD” for the new California language. The symbols 

“****” and “...” mean that the federal text that immediately follows the symbols 

is unchanged and incorporated by reference into the California Standards 

and Test Procedures. Sections of the federal regulations which are not listed 

are not part of the California Standards and Test Procedures. 

This Document is printed in a style to indicate changes from the existing 

provisions. All existing language is indicated by plain type. All additions to 

language are indicated by underline. All deletions to language are indicated 

by strikeout. 
2 

CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES 

FOR 1997 AND LATER OFF-HIGHWAY RECREATIONAL VEHICLES AND ENGINES 

The following provisions of Subpart E and F, Part 86, Title 40, Code of Federal 

Regulations, as adopted or amended by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency on the 

date listed are adopted and incorporated herein by this reference as the California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1997 and Later Off-Highway recreational 

vehicles and engines, except as altered or replaced by the provisions set forth below. 

PART 86, CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES 

AND ENGINES

Subpart E, General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New 

Motorcycles 

SOURCE: 42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977, unless otherwise noted. 

86.401-78 General Applicability. 42 FR 1126, Jan. 5, 1977. 

DELETE 

86.401-90 General Applicability. 54 FR 14539, Apr. 11, 1989. 

(a) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a) This subpart applies to all 1997 and later model year off-road motorcycles, all-terrain 

vehicles, golf carts, and engines used in such vehicles produced on or after January 1, 

1997 and all 2007 and later model year off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, 

sand cars, and engines used in such vehicles produced on or after January 1, 2007. 

(b) DELETE 

(c) DELETE 

86.401-2006 General Applicability. 69 FR 2435, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

86.401-97 General Applicability. 59 FR 48512, Sept. 21, 1994

DELETE
3 

86.402-78 Definitions. 49 FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984 

* * * * 

“Administrator” DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

“Administrator” means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board, or their designee. 

* * * * 

“All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV)” means any motorized off-highway motor vehicle 50 inches 

(1270 mm) or less in overall width, with an unladen dry weight of 606 pounds (275 kg) or 

less, that has all of the following features and characteristics: designed to travel on four or 

more low pressure tires, having a single seat designed to be straddled by the operator and

or a single seat designed to be straddled by the operator and a seat for no more than one 

passenger, having handlebars for steering control, and intended for use by a single 

operator and no passengers. The vehicle is designed to carry not more than 350 pounds 

(160 kg) payload, excluding the operator, and is powered by an internal combustion 

engine. Width and unladen weight shall be exclusive of accessories and optional 

equipment. A golf cart, off-road sport vehicle, off-road utility vehicle, or sand car is not, for 

purposes of this regulation, to be classified as an all-terrain vehicle. 

“Certificate of Conformity” means an Executive Order. 

“Certification” means certification as defined in Section 39018 of the Health and Safety 

Code. 

* * * * 

“EPA Enforcement Officer” DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

“EPA Enforcement Officer” means an “ARB Enforcement Officer” which means any 

employee of the Air Resources Board so designated in writing by the Executive Officer of 

the Air Resources Board or by the Executive Officer’s designee. 

* * * * 

“Executive Order” means an order issued by the Executive Officer of the Air Resources 

Board certifying engines for sale in California. 

“Exhaust Emissions” DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

“Exhaust Emissions” means substances emitted to the atmosphere from any opening 

downstream from the exhaust port of an off-highway recreational vehicle. 
4 

* * * * 

ADD: 

“Golf Cart” means a vehicle used to convey equipment and no more than two persons, 

including the driver, to play the game of golf in an area designated as a golf course. Golf 

carts are designed to have an unladen weight of less than 1,300 pounds and carry not 

more than 100 pounds, excluding passengers, accessories and optional equipment. A golf 

cart is not used for grounds keeping or maintenance purposes. 

* * * * 

“Motorcycle” DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

“Motorcycle,” for purposes of these test procedures, means Off-Road Motorcycle, 

All-Terrain Vehicle, Off-Road Sport Vehicle, Off-Road Utility Vehicle, Sand Car and 

Engines used in such vehicles. 

* * * * 

ADD: 

“Off-Highway Recreational Vehicle Engines” or “Engines” are identified as: two-stroke or 

four-stroke, air-cooled, liquid-cooled, gasoline, diesel, or alternate-fuel powered engines or 

electric motors that are designed for powering off-road recreational vehicles and engines 

included in, but not limited to use in, the following: off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, 

off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, sand cars, and golf carts. All engines and 

equipment that fall within the scope of the preemption of Section 209(e)(1)(A) of the 

Federal Clean Air Act, as amended, and as defined by regulation of the Environmental 

Protection Agency, are specifically not included within this category. 

“Off-Road Equipment and Vehicle” means any non-stationary device, powered by an 

internal combustion engine or electric motor, used primarily off the highways, to propel, 

move, or draw persons or property including any device propelled, moved, or drawn 

exclusively by human power, and used in, but not limited to the following applications: 

Marine Vessels, Construction/Farm Equipment, Locomotives, Utility engines and Lawn and 

Garden Equipment, Off-Road Motorcycles, and Off-Highway Vehicles. 

“Off-Road Motorcycle” means any two or three wheeled vehicle equipped with an internal 

combustion engine and weighing less than 1,499 pounds. An off-road motorcycle is 

primarily designed for use off highways. These vehicles are mainly used for recreational 

riding on dirt trails but are not limited to this purpose. 

“Off-Road Sport Vehicle” means any off-highway motor vehicle that has all of the 

following features and characteristics: designed to travel on four wheels, having bench 

or bucket seating for one or more persons, having a steering wheel for steering control, 
5 

designed for operation over rough terrain, having a rear payload not exceeding 600

pounds, having an internal combustion engine with a displacement less than or equal to 

one liter, and is capable of speeds 25 miles per hour or more. Vehicles otherwise 

meeting the definition for sand cars but powered by an engine with a displacement less 

than or equal to one liter are considered off-road sport vehicles.

“Off-Road Utility Vehicle” means any off-highway motor vehicle that has all of the 

following features and characteristics: designed to travel on four or more wheels, having 

bench or bucket seating for two or more persons, having a steering wheel for steering 

control, designed for operation over rough terrain, having an internal combustion engine 

with a displacement less than or equal to one liter, having a maximum brake power less 

than or equal to 30 kilowatts, capable of speeds 25 miles per hour or more, and having 

either 1) a rear payload of 350 pounds or more, or 2) seating for six or more 

passengers.

* * * * 

“Sand Car” means any off-highway motor vehicle that has all of the following features 

and characteristics: designed to travel on four wheels, having bench or bucket seating 

for one or more persons, having a steering wheel for steering control, designed 

primarily for operation over sand dunes, and is powered by an internal combustion 

engine with a displacement greater than one liter. Vehicles otherwise meeting the 

criteria in the previous sentence that are powered by an engine with a displacement 

less than or equal to one liter are considered off-road sport vehicles.

* * * * 

“Total Test Distance” DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

“Total Test Distance” is defined as the appropriate distance the vehicle should be driven to 

stabilize the emission characteristics of the engine. The manufacturer shall determine the 

appropriate distance. 

ADD: 

“Ultimate Purchaser” means the first person who in good faith purchases or leases a new 

engine, vehicle, or piece of equipment for purposes other than resale. 

* * * * 

“Useful life” DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

“Useful life” is defined as follows: 
6 

ENGINE DISPLACEMENT USEFUL LIFE 

(in cubic centimeters) (in years and Kilometers) 

0 to less than 170 5 years or 10,000 km 

170 to less than 280 5 years or 10,000 km 

280 or greater 5 years or 10,000 km 

* * * * 

ADD: 

“Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)” means an alpha numeric code which has been 

permanently assigned by the manufacturer to a vehicle. The VIN is unique to each vehicle 

and may contain information deemed necessary by governing agencies. Unless otherwise 

noted, the VIN will follow formats specified in the Code of Federal Regulations 49, 

Chapter V, Parts 565, 566, and 571, section 571.115 – Vehicle Identification Number – 

Content Requirements. 

86.402-98 Definitions. 69 FR 2435, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

86.403-78 Abbreviations. 

ARB- California Air Resources Board. 

* * * * 

Bhp- Brake-horsepower. 

Bhp-hr- Brake horsepower-hour. 

* * * * 

Hp- Horsepower. 

* * * * 

PM- Particulate Matter 

* * * * 

86.404-78 Section Numbering 

* * * * 

86.405-78 Measurement system. 

* * * * 

86.406-78 Introduction, structure of subpart, further information. 

DELETE 
7 

86.407-78 Certificate of conformity required. 

DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

Every new off-road motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle, off-road sport vehicle, off-road 

utility vehicle, sand car, golf cart, and engines used in such vehicles produced for 

sale, lease, or use, or introduced into commerce in California which is subject to any 

of the standards prescribed in this subpart is required to be covered by an executive 

order issued pursuant to this subpart. 

86.408-78 General Standards; Increase in Emissions; Unsafe Conditions. 

(a) DELETE, “Any system installed on or incorporated in a new motorcycle to enable such 

vehicle to conform to standards imposed by this subpart:” 

REPLACE WITH: 

“Any system installed on or incorporated in a new off-road motorcycle, all-terrain 

vehicle, off-road sport vehicle, off-road utility vehicle, sand car, golf cart or engines

used in such vehicles to enable such vehicles to conform to standards imposed by 

this subpart:” 

(b) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(b) Every manufacturer of new off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, off-road sport 

vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, sand cars, and engines used in such vehicles, 

which subject to any of the standards imposed by this subpart shall test or cause to 

be tested off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, off-road 

utility vehicles, sand cars, and engines used in such vehicles, in accordance with 

good engineering practice to ascertain that such test vehicles will meet the 

requirements of this section for the useful life of the vehicle. 

86.409-78 Defeat Devices, Prohibition. 

(a) motorcycle DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

“off-road motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle, golf cart, off-road sport vehicle, off-road utility 

vehicle, sand car, and engines used in such vehicles...” 

* * * * 
8 

86.410-80 Emission standards for 1980 and later model year motorcycles.

49 FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984

DELETE

86.410-90 Emission standards for 1990 and later model year motorcycles. 54 FR 

14539, Apr. 11, 1989 

(a) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a)(1) Exhaust emissions from 1997 and later off-road motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles 

with engines greater than 90 cc must not exceed: 

(Ii) Hydrocarbons. 1.2 grams per vehicle kilometer. Compliance is based on a 

manufacturer’s corporate average basis, as provided in (b) below. 

(ii) Carbon Monoxide. 15.0 grams per vehicle kilometer. 

 (2) Exhaust emissions from 1999 and later off-road motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles 

with engines 90 cc or less must not exceed: 

(Ii) Hydrocarbons. 1.2 grams per vehicle kilometer. Compliance is based on a 

manufacturer’s corporate average basis, as provided in (b) below. 

(ii) Carbon Monoxide. 15.0 grams per vehicle kilometer. 

 (3) Exhaust emissions from 2007 and later off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility 

vehicles, and sand cars must not exceed:

 (i) Hydrocarbons. 1.2 grams per vehicle kilometer. Compliance is based 

on a manufacturers corporate average basis, as provided in (b) below.

 (ii) Carbon Monoxide. 15.0 grams per vehicle kilometer.

 (34) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(3) of this section refer to 

the exhaust emitted over driving schedules as set forth in subpart F and measured 

and calculated in accordance with those procedures.

(b) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(b) Compliance with a standards to be applied as a “corporate average” shall be 

determined as follows: 
9 

= STD

( PROD )

( PROD ) (STD )

ca

jx

n

j=1

jx jx

n

j=1

∑

∑

n = Off-road motorcycle and all-terrain vehicle Off-highway recreational 

vehicle engine families. 

PRODjx= Number of units in engine family j produced for sale in California in model 

year x. 

STDjx = The manufacturer designated HC exhaust emission standard for engine 

family j in model year x, which shall be determined by the manufacturer 

subject to the following conditions: (1) no individual engine family exhaust 

emission standard shall exceed 2.5 g/km, and (2) no engine family 

designation or engine family exhaust emission standard shall be 

amended in a model year after the engine family is certified for the model 

year, and (3) prior to sale or offering for sale in California, each engine 

family shall be certified in accordance with these test procedures, and 

shall be required to meet the manufacturer’s designated HC exhaust 

emission standard as a condition of the certification Executive Order. 

Prior to certification the manufacturer shall also submit estimated 

production volumes for each engine family to be offered for sale in 

California. 

STDca = A manufacturer’s corporate average HC exhaust emissions from those 

California off-road motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles subject to the 

California corporate average HC exhaust emissions standard, as 

established by an Executive Order certifying the California production for 

the model year. This order must be obtained prior to the issuance of 

certification Executive Orders for individual engine families for the model 

year and shall include but not be limited to the following requirements: 

(1) During the manufacturer’s production year, for each vehicle produced for sale in 

California, the manufacturer must provide the following information to the Executive Officer 

within 30 days after the last day in each calendar quarter: 

(Ii) vehicle identification numbers and an explanation of the identification code if 

applicable; 

(ii) model number and engine size of vehicle; 

(iii) the total number of vehicles marketed and produced for sale in California 
10 

and their applicable designated emissions standards; 

(2) The manufacturer’s average HC exhaust emissions shall meet the corporate 

average standard at the end of the manufacturer’s production for the model year. 

(3) Production and sale of vehicles which result in noncompliance with the California 

standard for the model year shall cause a manufacturer to be subject to civil penalties, 

according to applicable provisions of the Health and Safety Code. All excess emissions 

resulting from non-compliance with the California standard shall be made up in the 

following model year. 

(4) For a period of up to one year following the end of the model year, for each 

model the manufacturer shall submit California sales and registration data as it becomes 

available. 

ADD: 

(c) As an option to the standards set forth in section (a)(1) above, exhaust emissions 

from 1997 and later all-terrain vehicle engines and 2007 and later off-road sport 

vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, and sand cars must not exceed the equivalent to 

the off-road motorcycle and all-terrain vehicle applicable HC+NOx standard in 

Section 2412(b), CCR, Title 13, using the test procedures set forth in “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1995 and Later-2004 Small 

Off-Road Engines”, adopted March 20, 1992, and last amended March 26, 1998July 

26, 2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Compliance with the 

optional HC+NOx standard is based on a manufacturer’s corporate average basis, 

as provided in (b) above Section 2412(d), CCR, Title 13. 

(d)(1) Emissions from 1997 and later model year golf carts operating in federal ozone 

non-attainment areas of California must not exceed zero grams hydrocarbon, 

carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and particulate matter. 

 (2) These vehicles must be certified by the Executive Officer pursuant to all applicable 

regulations set forth in CCR, Title 13, Chapter 9. Emission test procedures are not 

applicable to these vehicles. 

 (3) On or after January 1, 1997, manufacturers must not produce for sale in federal 

ozone non-attainment areas of California new nonzero emission engines for use in 

golf carts. 

(e)(1) As an option to the standards set forth in section (a) above, off-road motorcycles 

and ATVs, and engines used in such vehicles, that do not meet the emissions 

standards in section (a) may operate only during certain periods at certain offhighway vehicle (OHV) riding areas. CCR, Title 13, Chapter 9, Article 3, Section 

2415 lists these California OHV riding areas and their associated riding seasons for 

off-highway recreational vehicles that are subject to use restrictions. 
11 

 (2) These vehicles must be certified by the Executive Officer pursuant to all applicable 

regulations set forth in CCR, Title 13, Chapter 9. Emission testing is not applicable 

to these vehicles. 

(f) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient atmosphere from 

the following vehicles, or from engines used in such vehicles: 

(1) 1997 and later off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, and golf carts;

(2) 2007 and later off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, and sand 

cars. 

(g) The Executive Officer may find that any off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, 

off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, sand cars or engines used in such 

vehicles certified to comply with California emission standards and test procedures 

for on-road or other off-road applications are in compliance with these regulations. 

86.410-2006 Emission standards for 2006 and later model year motorcycles. 

69 FR 2435, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

86.411 - 78 Maintenance instructions, vehicle purchaser. 

(a) “motorcycle” DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

“off-road motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle, golf cart, off-road sport vehicle, off-road utility 

vehicle, sand car, and engines used in such vehicles...” 

* * * * 

86.412 - 78 Maintenance instructions, submission to Administrator. 

* * * *

(a)(1) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a)(1) The manufacturer must provide to the Executive Officer, at least 30 days before 

being supplied to the ultimate purchaser (unless the Executive Officer consents to a 

lesser period of time), a copy of the maintenance instructions which the 

manufacturer proposes to supply to the ultimate purchaser. The instructions must 

include the periodic and anticipated maintenance contained in the applications for 

certification or contained in the manufacturers’ records. Such instructions must be 

reasonable and necessary to assure the proper functioning of the vehicle’s emission 

control systems. 

* * * * 
12 

b) “motorcycle” DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

“off-road motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle, golf cart, off-road sport vehicle, off-road utility 

vehicle, sand car, and engines used in such vehicles...” 

* * * * 

86.413 - 78 Labeling. 42 FR 56737, Oct. 28, 1977 

(a) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a) All 1997 and later model year off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, and engines 

used in such vehicles, except those certified according to 86.410-90(e), and 2007 

and later model year off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, sand cars, and 

engines used in such vehicles, have California labeling requirements which shall be 

consistent with (a) these test procedures, and (b) Title 13, California Code of 

Regulations, Chapter 9, Section 2413 and the incorporated “California Motor 

Vehicle Emission Control and Smog Index Label Specifications”, adopted March 1, 

1978, as last amended June 24, 1996 (as corrected September 20. 1996), which 

are incorporated herein by reference. 

(b) DELETE 

86.414 - 78 Submission of vehicle identification number. 

(a) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a) Upon the request by the Executive Officer, the manufacturer of any off-road 

motorcycle, or all-terrain vehicle, off-road sport vehicle, off-road utility vehicle, or 

sand car shall, within 30 days, identify by vehicle identification number, the 

vehicle(s) covered by the executive order. 

(b) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(b)(1) The manufacturer of any off-road motorcycle, or all-terrain vehicle, off-road sport 

vehicle, off-road utility vehicle, or sand car certified under an Executive Order shall furnish 

to the Executive Officer, at the beginning of each model year, its vehicle 

identification-number (VIN) coding system description which identifies such vehicle(s) as 

covered by the Executive Order. 

(b)(2) The (VIN) shall be consistent with the Code of Federal Regulations 49, Chapter V, 

Parts 565, 566, and 571, section 571.115 – Vehicle Identification Number – Content 

Requirements, which are incorporated herein by reference, except as noted below. 
13 

(b)(3) Manufacturers shall identify all California certified off-road motorcycles and,

all-terrain vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, and sand cars meeting 

the emission standards in 86.410-90(a) by using any letter or digit other than the letter “C” 

or the digit “3” in the eighth character of the VIN. 

(b)(4) Manufacturers shall exclusively reserve all letters and digits other than the letter “C” 

or the digit “3” for use in the eighth character of the VIN of California certified off-road 

motorcycles and, all-terrain vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, and 

sand cars meeting the emission standards in 86.410-90(a). 

(b)(5) Manufacturers shall use either the letter “C” or the digit “3” for use in the eighth 

character of the VIN of California off-road motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles meeting the 

requirements in 86.410-90(e). 

(b)(6)In lieu of (b)(3) and (b)(4) above, manufacturers may, at their option, agree to identify 

off-road motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles that do not meet the emission standards in 

86.410-90(a), and do not meet the requirements in 86.410-90(e), and are offered for sale 

in California, by using the letter “C” or the digit “3” in the eighth character of the VIN. 

86.415 - 78 Production vehicles. 49 FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984. 

* * * * 

86.416 - 80 Application for certification. 49 FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984. 

(a) DELETE, “New motorcycles produced by a manufacturer whose projected sales in 

the United States is 10,000 or more units (for the model year in which certification if 

sought) are covered by the following:” 

REPLACE WITH: 

“New off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility 

vehicles, sand cars, and engines used in such vehicles are covered by the 

following:” 

* * * * 

(iii) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(iii) Projected California sales data sufficient to enable the Executive Officer to select a 

test fleet representative of the vehicles for which certification is requested. 

* * * * 

(b) DELETE, 
14 

REPLACE WITH: 

(b) For new 1997 and subsequent model golf carts and off-road motorcycles and allterrain vehicles meeting the requirements of 86.410-90(e) [“the vehicle(s)”], the 

certification application shall include the following, as applicable: 

(1) Identification and description of the vehicle(s) covered by the application. 

(2) Identification of the curb weight and gross vehicle weight rating of the 

vehicle. 

(3) Identification and description of the propulsion system for the vehicle (golf 

carts only). 

(4) Projected number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale or use in 

California, and projected California sales. 

(5) All information necessary for proper and safe operation and maintenance of 

the vehicle, including recharging information (golf carts only), and other 

relevant information as determined by the Executive Officer. 

(6) A copy of the owner’s manual must be submitted during certification for 

approval by the Executive Officer. The manual must include the information 

as required by subsections (1), (2), (3), and (5) above. 

(c) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(c)(1) Manufacturers of off-road motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, 

off-road utility vehicles, sand cars, and engines used in such vehicles must submit 

to the Executive Officer the number of vehicles, and engines used in such vehicles, 

marketed and produced for sale in California. 

 (2) Such data must be submitted on a quarterly basis for all such vehicles and engines 

identified in the preceding paragraph that have been produced for sale in California 

on or after January_1, 1997. In addition to the data required under paragraph 

(c)(1), manufacturers must also provide the model number and VIN of each vehicle 

or engine sold for use in California and the number sold for use in California for 

each model. These data must be provided to the Executive Officer within 30 days 

after the last day in each calendar quarter. 

* * * * 

86.417 - 78 Approval of application for certification. 

* * * * 
15 

86.418 - 78 Test fleet selection. 

(a) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

Test fleet selection and requirements on test vehicles are found in 86.419 to 86.423. 

86.419 - 78 Engine displacement, motorcycle classes. 

* * * * 

(b)(1) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(b)(1) Class I - 0 to 169 cc displacement (0 to 10.4 cu. in.). 

* * * * 

86.419-2006 Engine Displacement, motorcycle classes. 69 FR 2437, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

86.420 - 78 Engine families. 44 FR 48205, Aug. 17, 1979. 

* * * * 

86.421 - 78 Test fleet. 

* * * * 

(b) DELETE 

* * * * 

86.422 - 78 Administrator’s fleet. 

* * * * 

86.423 - 78 Test vehicles. 49 FR 48138, Dec. 10, 1984. 

(a)(1) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a)(1) The manufacturer may perform a zero-kilometer exhaust emission test. 

* * * * 
16 

(a)(3) DELETE 

* * * * 

86.425 - 78 Test procedures. 

(a) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a) Off-road motorcycle, and all-terrain vehicle, off-road sport vehicle, off-road utility 

vehicle, and sand car emission test procedures are found in Subpart F. All-terrain 

vehicles, off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles and sand cars shall be 

tested on the Class I cycle, regardless of the engine displacement. With prior 

approval by the Executive Officer, manufacturers of all-terrain vehicles, off-road 

sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, and sand cars may use the emission test 

procedures incorporated in California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Sections 2403 

to certify their vehicles. The Executive Officer shall grant approval to those 

manufacturers who provide information and test results showing the appropriate 

emission standards on the small off-road engine test cycle that are equivalent to the 

all-terrain vehicle emission standards set forth in 86.410-90(a)(1). The Executive 

Officer shall consider data submitted by the manufacturer from engines similar to 

the engine to be certified. This data will include, but not be limited to, the engine 

size, performance, operating characteristics, and technology used. The data should 

be statistically valid in order to set the complying emissions standard applicable for 

the engine family to be certified on the small off-road engine test cycle. 

* * * * 

86.426 - 78 Service accumulation. 42 FR 56737, Oct. 28, 1977. 

DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

Manufacturers shall determine the appropriate service accumulation for their vehicles. 

86.427 - 78 Emission tests. 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984. 

(a)(1) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a)(1) Each test vehicle shall be driven with all emission control systems installed and 

operating for a period of time as deemed appropriate by the manufacturer to stabilize the 

emission characteristics of the engine. 

* * * * 

(b) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 
17 

(b) All vehicles shall undergo at least two emission tests at intervals specified by the 

manufacturer. Additional tests may be performed at the manufacturer's option. 

(c) DELETE 

(d) DELETE 

(e) DELETE 

* * * * 

86.428 - 80 Maintenance, scheduled; test vehicles. 

DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

Periodic maintenance on the engine, emission control system, and fuel system of test 

vehicles shall be scheduled for the same intervals that will be specified in the 

manufacturer’s maintenance instructions furnished to the ultimate purchaser. 

86.429 - 78 Maintenance, unscheduled; test vehicles. 

* * * * 

86.430-78 Vehicle failure. 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984. 

* * * * 

86.431 - 78 Data submission. 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984. 

(a) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a) Data from all tests (including voided tests) performed by a manufacturer shall be 

included in the applications. 

* * * * 

86.432 - 78 Deterioration factor. 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984. 

(a) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a) The manufacturer shall determine the appropriate deterioration factors. 

* * * * 

(c) DELETE, 
18 

REPLACE WITH: 

(c) Manufacturers shall determine the appropriate deterioration factor for the designated 

useful life. 

(d) DELETE 

* * * * 

(f) DELETE 

86.434 - 78 Testing by the Administrator. 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984. 

(a) DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

(a) At the conclusion of certification testing by manufacturers, the ARB may require 

confirmatory testing. The ARB will designate where such testing shall be performed. 

* * * * 

86.435 - 78 Extrapolated emission values. 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984. 

DELETE 

86.436 - 78 Additional service accumulation. 49 FR 48139, Dec. 10, 1984. 

DELETE 

86.437 - 78 Certification. 47 FR 49807, Nov. 2, 1982. 

(a) DELETE, “New motorcycles produced by a manufacturer whose projected sales in the 

United States is 10,000 or more units (for the model year in which certification is sought) 

are covered by the following:” 

REPLACE WITH: 

“Manufacturers of new off-road motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles produced on or after 

January_1, 1997, and manufacturers of off-road sport vehicles, off-road utility vehicles, and 

sand cars produced on or after January 1, 2007, shall submit to the Executive Officer a 

statement that the test vehicles, for which data are submitted, have been tested, and 

conform to the requirements of the regulations to their designated useful life.” 

* * * * 

(b) DELETE 

86.438 - 78 Amendments to the application. 
19 

* * * * 

86.439 - 78 Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes. 49 FR 48139, 

Dec. 10, 1984. 

* * * * 

86.440 - 78 Maintenance of records. 49 FR 48140, Dec. 10, 1984. 

* * * * 

86.441 - 78 Right of entry. 

* * * * 

86.442 - 78 Denial, revocation, or suspension of certification. 42 FR 56738, Oct. 28, 1977. 

* * * * 

86.443 - 78 Request for hearing. 

* * * * 

86.444 - 78 Hearings on certification. 

* * * * 

86.445-2006 What temporary provisions address hardship due to unusual

circumstances? 69 FR 2437, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

86.446-2006 What are the provisions for extending compliance deadlines for

small-volume manufacturers under hardship? 69 FR 2437, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

86.447-2006 What are the provisions for exempting motorcycles under 50 cc from 

the

requirements of this part if they use engines certified under other 

programs? 69 FR 2438, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

86.448-2006 What are the provisions for producing motorcycles under 50 cc with
20 

engines already certified under other programs?

69 FR 2438, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

86.449 Averaging Provisions. 69 FR 2439, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

Subpart F -- Emission Regulations for 1978 and Later New Motorcycles; Test Procedures 

SOURCE: 42 FR 1137, Jan. 5, 1977, unless otherwise noted. 

86.501 - 78 Applicability. 

* * * * 

86.502 - 78 Definitions. 

* * * * 

86.503 - 78 Abbreviations. 

DELETE, 

REPLACE WITH: 

The abbreviations in 86.403-78 apply to this subpart, with the following additions: 

ARB- California Air Resources Board. 

Bhp- Brake-horsepower. 

Bhp-hr- Brake horsepower-hour. 

Hp- Horsepower. 

PM- Particulate Matter. 

86.504 - 78 Section numbering. 

* * * * 

86.505 - 78 Introduction; structure of subpart. 

* * * * 

86.505 - 2004 Introduction; structure of subpart. 69 FR 2440, Jan. 15, 2004
21 

DELETE

86.508 - 78 Dynamometer. 42 FR 56738, Oct. 28, 1977. 

* * * * 

86.509 - 90 Exhaust gas sampling system. 54 FR 14539, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.511 - 90 Exhaust gas analytical system. 54 FR 14539, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.513 - 87 Fuel and engine lubricant specifications. 52 FR 47869, Dec. 16, 1987.

DELETE

86.513 - 90 Fuel and engine lubricant specifications. 54 FR 14544, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.513 - 94 Fuel and engine lubricant specifications. 60 FR 34354, June 30, 1995.

DELETE

86.513 - 2004 Fuel and engine lubricant specifications. 69 FR 2441, Jan. 15, 2004

DELETE

86.514 - 78 Analytical gases. 

* * * * 

86.515 - 78 EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule.

* * * * 

86.516 - 90 Calibrations, frequency and overview. 54 FR 14546, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.518 - 78 Dynamometer calibration. 
22 

* * * * 

86.519 - 90 Constant volume sampler calibration. 54 FR 14546, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.521 - 90 Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration. 54 FR 14546, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.522 - 78 Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration. 

* * * * 

86.523 - 78 Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration. 52 FR 47870, Dec. 16, 1987. 

* * * * 

86.524 - 78 Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration. 

* * * * 

86.526 - 90 Calibration of other equipment. 54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.527 - 90 Test procedures, overview. 54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.528 - 78 Transmissions. 

* * * * 

86.529 - 78 Road load force and inertia weight determination. 

* * * * 

86.529 - 98 Road load force and inertia weight determination. 63 FR 11849, Mar. 11, 1998

DELETE

86.530 - 78 Test sequence, general requirements. 

* * * * 
23 

86.531 - 78 Vehicle preparation. 

* * * * 

86.532 - 78 Vehicle preconditioning. 

* * * * 

86.535 - 90 Dynamometer procedure. 54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.536 - 78 Engine starting and restarting. 

* * * * 

86.537 - 90 Dynamometer test runs. 54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.540 - 90 Exhaust sample analysis. 54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.542 - 90 Records required. 54 FR 14551, Apr. 11, 1989. 

* * * * 

86.544 - 90 Calculations; exhaust emissions. 54 FR 14553, Apr. 11, 1989. 
24 

The following provisions of Subparts A, B, C, F, and I, Part 1051, Title 40, Code of Federal 

Regulations, as adopted or amended by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency on the 

date listed are adopted and incorporated herein by this reference as the California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1997 and Later Off-Highway Recreational 

Vehicles and Engines. The following modifications generally substitute California

references for federal references, but do not change any standard, implementation, or test 

procedure related to the evaporative control requirements found in the incorporated 

subparts of the federal regulation.

PART 1051, CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND 

VEHICLES 

Subpart A, Determining How to Follow This Part

1051.5 Which engines are excluded or exempted from this part’s requirements?

DELETE

REPLACE WITH:

You may exclude vehicles with compression-ignition engines.

Subpart B, Emission Standards and Related Requirements

SOURCE: 70 FR 40487, July 13, 2005, unless otherwise noted.

1051.101 What emission standards and other requirements must my vehicles meet?

DELETE.

1051.103 What are the exhaust emission standards for snowmobiles?

DELETE.

1051.105 What are the exhaust emission standards for off-highway motorcycles?

DELETE.

1051.107 What are the exhaust emission standards for all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and 

offroad utility vehicles?

DELETE.

1051.110 What evaporative emission standards must my vehicles meet?

DELETE Introductory Text,

REPLACE WITH:

Your new vehicles must meet the emission standards of this section over their full useful 

life. Note that section 1051.245 of these test procedures allows you to use design-based 

certification instead of generating new emission data.
25 

(a) DELETE

REPLACE WITH:

(a) Beginning with the 2008 model year, permeation emissions from your vehicle's fuel 

tank(s) may not exceed 1.5 grams per square-meter per day when measured with the test 

procedures for tank permeation in subpart F of this part of these test procedures. You may 

generate or use emission credits under the averaging, banking, and trading (ABT) 

program, as described in Subpart H, Part 1051, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, 

provided the credits and debits are from vehicles produced for sale in California. 

* * * *

1051.115 What other requirements must my vehicles meet?

DELETE.

1051.120 What emission-related warranty requirements apply to me?

DELETE.

1051.125 What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

DELETE.

1051.130 What installation instructions must I give to vehicle manufacturers?

DELETE.

1051.135 How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

DELETE.

1051.137 What are the consumer labeling requirements?

DELETE.

1051.145 What provisions apply only for a limited time?

DELETE subparagraphs (a) through (f) and retain subparagraphs (g) and (h).

Subpart C, Certifying Engine Families

SOURCE: 70 FR 40492, July 13, 2005, unless otherwise noted.

1051.201 What are the general requirements for obtaining a certificate of conformity?

DELETE.

1051.205 What must I include in my application?

DELETE.

1051.210 May I get preliminary approval before I complete my application?

DELETE.
26 

1051.220 How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my application?

DELETE.

1051.225 How do I amend my application for certification to include new or modified 

vehicles or to change an FEL?

DELETE.

1051.230 How do I select engine families?

DELETE.

1051.235 What emission testing must I perform for my application for a certificate of 

conformity?

DELETE.

1051.240 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with exhaust emission 

standards?

DELETE.

1051.243 How do I determine deterioration factors from exhaust durability testing?

DELETE:

1051.245 How do I demonstrate that my engine family complies with evaporative 

emission standards?

(a) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

(a) For purposes of certification, your engine family is considered in compliance with the 

evaporative emission standards in subpart B of these test procedures and 2412(b), 

Title 13, California Code of Regulations (CCR), if you do either of the following: 

(a)(1) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

(a)(1) You have test results showing permeation emission levels from the fuel tanks and 

fuel lines in the family are at or below the evaporative standards in section 1051.110 of 

these test procedures and section 2412(b), Title 13, CCR, throughout the useful life. 

* * * *

(c) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

(c) To compare emission levels with the emission standards, apply deterioration factors to 

the measured emission levels. For permeation emissions, use the following procedures to 

establish an additive deterioration factor. An additive deterioration factor for a pollutant is 

the difference between emissions at the end of the useful life and emissions at the low-
27 

hour test point. In these cases, adjust the official emission results for each tested vehicle 

or engine at the selected test point by adding the factor to the measured emissions. If the 

factor is less than zero, use zero. Additive deterioration factors must be specified to one 

more decimal place than the applicable standard:

(1) Section 1051.515 of these test procedures specifies how to test your fuel tanks to 

develop deterioration factors. Small-volume manufacturers may use assigned deterioration 

factors that we establish. Apply the deterioration factors as follows:

(i) Calculate the deterioration factor from emission tests performed before and after the 

durability tests as described in sections 1051.515(c) and (d) of these test procedures, using 

good engineering judgment. The durability tests described in section 1051.515(d) of these 

test procedures represent the minimum requirements for determining a deterioration factor.

You may not use a deterioration factor that is less than the difference between evaporative 

emissions before and after the durability tests as described in sections 1051.515(c) and (d)

of these test procedures.

(ii) Do not apply the deterioration factor to test results for tanks that have already 

undergone these durability tests.

(2) Determine the deterioration factor for fuel lines using good engineering judgment.

* * * *

(e)(1) DELETE,

REPLACE WITH:

(e)(1) For certification to the evaporative standards specified in section 1051.110(a) of 

these test procedures and section 2412(b), Title 13, CCR, with the control technologies 

shown in the following table: 

* * * *

(e)(2) DELETE.

REPLACE WITH:

(e)(2) For certification to the standards specified in section 1051.110(b) of these test 

procedures and section 2412(b), Title 13, CCR, with the control technologies shown in 

the following table:

* * * *

1051.250 What records must I keep and make available to EPA?

DELETE.

1051.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of conformity?

DELETE.
28 

Subpart F, Test Procedures

SOURCE: 70 FR 40499, July 13, 2005, unless otherwise noted.

1051.501 What procedures must I use to test my vehicles or engines?

DELETE Introductory Test

(a) DELETE

(b) DELETE

(c) DELETE

REPLACE WITH:

(c) Permeation testing. (1) Use the equipment and procedures specified in section 

1051.515 of these test procedures to measure fuel tank permeation emissions.

 

(2) DELETE

REPLACE WITH:

(2) Prior to permeation testing of fuel hose, the hose must be preconditioned by filling the 

hose with the fuel specified in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, sealing the openings, and 

soaking the hose for 4 weeks at 23 ±5 °C. To measu re fuel-line permeation emissions, 

use the equipment and procedures specified in SAE J30 (incorporated by reference in 

section 1051.810 of these test procedures). The measurements must be performed at 

23 ±2 °C using the fuel specified in paragraph (d)( 3) of this section.

* * * *

(d)(1) DELETE

(d)(2) DELETE

REPLACE WITH:

(d)(2) Fuel Tank Permeation. (i) For the preconditioning soak described in section 

1051.515(a)(1) of these test procedures and fuel slosh durability test described in section 

1051.515(d)(3) of these test procedures, use the fuel specified in Table 1 of section 

1065.710, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, blended with 10 percent ethanol by 

volume. As an alternative, you may use Fuel CE10, which is Fuel C as specified in 

ASTM D 471–98 (incorporated by reference in section 1051.810 of these test procedures) 

blended with 10 percent ethanol by volume.

(ii) For the permeation measurement test in section 1051.515(b) of these test procedures, 

use the fuel specified in Table 1 of section 1065.710, Title 40, Code of Federal 

Regulations. As an alternative, you may use the fuel specified in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this 

section.
29 

(d)(3) DELETE

REPLACE WITH:

(d)(3) Fuel Hose Permeation. Use the fuel specified in Table 1 of section 1065.710, 

Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, blended with 10 percent ethanol by volume for 

permeation testing of fuel lines. As an alternative, you may use Fuel CE10, which is Fuel 

C as specified in ASTM D 471–98 (incorporated by reference in section 1051.810 of these 

test procedures) blended with 10 percent ethanol by volume.

(e) DELETE

* * * *

1051.505 What special provisions apply for testing snowmobiles?

DELETE.

1051.510 What special provisions apply for testing ATV engines? [Reserved]

DELETE.

1051.515 How do I test my fuel tank for permeation emissions?

* * * *

(a)(1) DELETE.

REPLACE WITH:

(a) Preconditioning fuel soak. To precondition your fuel tank, follow these five steps:

(1) Fill the tank with the fuel specified in section 1051.501(d)(2)(i) of these test procedures, 

seal it, and allow it to soak at 28 ±5 °C for 20 we eks. Alternatively, the tank may be soaked 

for a shorter period of time at a higher temperature if you can show that the hydrocarbon 

permeation rate has stabilized.

* * * *

(a)(3) DELETE.

REPLACE WITH:

(a)(3) Fill the fuel tank with the test fuel specified in section 1051.501(d)(2)(ii) of these test 

procedures to its nominal capacity. If you fill the tank inside the temperature-controlled 

room or enclosure, do not spill any fuel.

* * * *

(b)(7) DELETE.

REPLACE WITH:

(b)(7) At the end of the soak period, weigh the sealed fuel tank and record the weight to the 

nearest 0.1 grams. You may use less precise weights as long as the difference in mass 

from the start of the test to the end of the test has at least three significant figures. Unless 
30 

the same fuel is used in the preconditioning fuel soak and the permeation test run, record 

weight measurements on five separate days per week of testing. The test is void if a linear 

plot of tank weight vs. test days for the full soak period for permeation testing specified in 

paragraph (b)(5) of this section yields a coefficient of determination (r 2) below 0.8. The 

coefficient of determination (r 2) is calculated per the following equation:

( ) 2

0 1

2 1

2

1

1

N

i y y refi

i

y N

i

i

y a a y

r

y y

=

=

  − − ⋅  

= −

  −

 

∑

∑

In this equation, “N” denotes sample size, “i” denotes an index, “y” denotes a generic 

measured quantity, the superscript over-bar “−“ denotes an arithmetic mean, and the 

subscript “ref” denotes the reference quantity being measured.

* * * *

(c) DELETE.

REPLACE WITH:

(c) Determination of final test result. To determine the final test result, apply a deterioration 

factor to the measured emission level. The deterioration factor is the difference between 

permeation emissions measured before and after the durability testing described in 

paragraph (d) of this section. Adjust the baseline test results for each tested fuel tank by 

adding the deterioration factor to the measured emissions. The deterioration factor 

determination must be based on good engineering judgment. Therefore, during the 

durability testing, the test tank may not exceed the fuel tank permeation standard 

described in section 2412(b), Title 13, CCR, (this is known as “line-crossing”). If the 

deterioration factor is less than zero, use zero.

* * * *

(d)(3) DELETE.

REPLACE WITH:

(d)(3) Slosh testing. Perform a slosh test by filling the tank to 40 percent of its capacity

with the fuel specified in section 1051.501(d)(2)(i) of these test procedures and rocking it at 

a rate of 15 cycles per minute until you reach one million total cycles. Use an angle 

deviation of +15° to −15° from level. This test mu st be performed at a temperature of 

28 °C ±5 °C.

* * * *
31 

1051.520 How do I perform exhaust durability testing?

DELETE.

Subpart I, Definitions and Other Reference Information

SOURCE: 70 FR 40507, July 13, 2005, unless otherwise noted.

1051.801 What definitions apply to this part?

DELETE ALL DEFINITIONS:

ADD:

The definitions in the California Health and Safety Code and in Title 13,

CCR, § 2421, shall apply.

ADD:

The definitions in Part 86.402-78 of these test procedures shall apply and shall take 

precedent in the event of conflict.

ADD:

Act means California Health and Safety Code, Division 26, and corresponding

regulations, except where the context indicates otherwise.

ADD:

Clean Air Act means California Health and Safety Code, Division 26, and corresponding

regulations, except where the context indicates otherwise.

ADD:

Designated Compliance Officer means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board

(or the Executive Officer’s designee).

ADD:

Designated Enforcement Officer means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board 

(or the Executive Officer’s designee).

ADD:

EPA or U.S. EPA means Air Resources Board.

ADD:

We (us, our) means the Executive Officer of the California Air Resources Board and any

authorized representatives.

ADD:

You means, within the context of its usage, the target entity to which the regulatory 

provision applies. This is typically the engine manufacturer, but may occasionally refer to 
32 

the equipment manufacturer or other entity as specified.

1051.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use?

DELETE.

1051.810 What materials does this part reference?

DELETE Introductory Text

* * * *

Table 2 Row 2 “SAE J1930, Electrical/Electronic Systems 1051.135 Diagnostic Terms, 

Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms, May 1998........................”

DELETE.

1051.815 What provisions apply to confidential information?

DELETE.

1051.820 How do I request a hearing?

DELETE.