Light-Duty Automotive Technology and 


Fuel Economy Trends: 


1975 through 2007


Appendix E: Data Stratified by 


Vehicle Type and Size


Compliance and Innovative Strategies Division


and


Transportation and Climate Division


Office of Transportation and Air Quality


U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

NOTICE 

This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or 

positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data 

that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to 

facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of 

technical developments. 

EPA420-R-07-008


September 2007

Table E-1 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Small Car 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FTYEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 4088 .400 18.3 14.4 17.5 15.6 3440 224 113 14.5 108 .554 .0323 27.2 

1976 5041 .409 19.9 15.7 18.8 17.0 3474 226 110 14.9 107 .537 .0313 29.6 

1977 5481 .388 20.7 16.3 19.5 17.6 3486 95.4 224 114 14.3 108 .567 .0324 31.0 1769 2969 

1978 4630 .320 23.2 18.2 22.0 19.7 3029 90.9 177 100 14.2 107 .625 .0325 30.3 1901 2765 

1979 4405 .317 23.3 18.3 22.1 19.8 2936 89.2 166 98 14.2 107 .642 .0327 29.5 1862 2639 

1980 4825 .427 26.1 20.4 24.8 22.2 2717 90.0 137 86 14.5 104 .658 .0314 30.5 2077 2753 

1981 4077 .386 28.5 22.4 26.9 24.2 2648 91.6 129 85 14.4 105 .681 .0319 32.5 2311 2988 

1982 4039 .415 29.1 22.6 28.1 24.8 2684 92.2 131 87 14.4 105 .682 .0319 33.7 2374 3121 

1983 3718 .361 29.4 22.8 28.6 25.1 2734 95.1 137 91 14.1 106 .693 .0329 34.8 2494 3324 

1984 5666 .404 29.4 22.7 28.7 25.1 2776 95.2 140 95 13.8 108 .706 .0340 35.3 2479 3363 

1985 5519 .382 29.8 23.1 29.0 25.4 2771 95.8 138 100 13.3 110 .746 .0357 35.6 2528 3423 

1986 6203 .404 30.0 23.1 29.1 25.5 2791 96.7 137 101 13.3 110 .754 .0355 36.0 2553 3483 

1987 6453 .434 30.1 22.9 29.1 25.4 2803 96.9 134 102 13.3 110 .777 .0356 35.9 2534 3484 

1988 6706 .438 30.5 23.1 29.3 25.7 2818 98.5 133 105 13.1 111 .806 .0366 36.4 2597 3592 

1989 5677 .393 30.2 22.8 29.0 25.4 2841 98.3 131 108 12.8 112 .844 .0375 36.3 2558 3569 

1990 4999 .396 29.8 22.4 28.5 24.9 2897 97.6 131 116 12.2 115 .906 .0395 36.4 2486 3550 

1991 5032 .400 30.0 22.3 28.8 25.0 2885 97.6 131 117 12.1 115 .919 .0401 36.4 2506 3556 

1992 4440 .365 30.0 22.0 28.9 24.9 2921 97.9 134 123 11.8 117 .943 .0416 36.7 2503 3591 

1993 4537 .343 30.5 22.2 29.3 25.3 2903 98.3 133 122 11.8 117 .933 .0415 36.9 2541 3628 

1994 4720 .334 30.4 21.9 29.3 25.1 2965 98.7 137 126 11.7 118 .943 .0419 37.4 2537 3699 

1995 5190 .343 30.7 21.9 29.7 25.3 2988 99.6 137 134 11.2 121 1.002 .0443 38.0 2575 3784 

1996 4197 .319 30.8 21.8 29.7 25.3 2977 99.9 136 134 11.1 121 1.008 .0446 37.8 2573 3775 

1997 4443 .307 30.9 21.7 29.6 25.2 2977 99.2 133 133 11.2 121 1.016 .0442 37.7 2543 3739 

1998 3842 .266 30.9 21.5 29.7 25.2 3013 98.8 137 138 11.0 122 1.028 .0452 38.1 2540 3771 

1999 3919 .258 30.3 21.0 28.9 24.6 3085 98.9 141 143 10.9 124 1.036 .0459 38.0 2477 3769 

2000 4266 .257 30.3 20.9 28.7 24.5 3079 99.4 139 144 10.9 124 1.052 .0461 37.9 2482 3772 

2001 4065 .260 30.7 21.1 28.9 24.7 3101 99.2 140 149 10.6 126 1.080 .0475 38.7 2520 3844 

2002 3801 .236 30.7 20.9 28.7 24.6 3125 98.9 141 153 10.6 127 1.098 .0482 38.8 2504 3841 

2003 3698 .234 30.6 20.7 28.4 24.4 3179 98.6 144 160 10.3 129 1.122 .0496 39.2 2491 3877 

2004 3275 .208 30.5 20.4 28.4 24.3 3192 99.0 146 165 10.1 130 1.145 .0510 39.1 2480 3883 

2005 3183 .200 31.1 20.7 28.6 24.6 3163 99.1 144 165 10.0 131 1.166 .0513 39.2 2518 3903 

2006 3243 .216 31.0 20.6 28.8 24.6 3245 98.8 150 175 9.9 133 1.177 .0528 40.5 2519 4016 

2007 2562 .172 30.3 20.1 28.2 24.0 3335 98.4 154 187 9.6 136 1.228 .0550 40.5 2444 4001 

Percent of Small Car: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 10.0 33.9 9.4 .5 

1976 8.8 29.2 5.0 .5 

1977 11.0 30.3 7.5 .9 

1978 19.9 42.6 5.2 10.3 1.5 

1979 24.4 48.5 9.4 2.2 

1980 37.8 1.1 52.8 4.1 11.1 3.7 

1981 48.1 .7 54.0 7.8 12.2 5.1 

1982 56.2 .7 50.8 26.7 13.0 6.6 4.0 

1983 61.6 1.0 48.6 33.7 18.9 16.1 2.4 

1984 63.2 .6 41.1 37.6 25.4 20.2 2.2 

1985 70.9 .2 39.8 37.8 28.0 27.6 1.4 

1986 74.5 .5 40.0 41.7 36.7 25.9 .4 91.7 5.6 2.7 

1987 80.7 .4 38.7 44.7 37.2 29.1 .2 77.0 14.8 8.2 

1988 85.2 .5 36.0 51.6 45.5 33.1 .0 71.2 13.1 15.7 

1989 86.3 1.0 33.8 51.8 .2 52.1 32.6 .1 60.9 18.1 21.0 

1990 89.0 .6 31.7 56.9 .1 69.9 28.3 .1 48.5 7.5 44.0 

1991 87.1 1.4 32.1 59.0 .1 72.2 27.5 .2 48.9 8.4 42.7 3.0 

1992 88.6 1.2 29.4 60.3 .0 87.2 12.7 .1 49.4 7.3 43.2 6.4 

1993 90.2 1.0 30.0 61.2 .0 89.7 10.3 49.7 5.6 44.7 6.5 

1994 88.4 .3 27.7 65.7 92.7 7.3 46.9 3.3 49.8 12.1 

1995 86.1 1.0 26.8 70.4 98.3 1.6 .1 32.8 2.0 65.2 .0 12.9 

1996 89.6 1.0 24.4 73.1 .0 97.9 2.1 32.4 1.8 65.8 .0 15.1 

1997 89.6 1.0 22.7 76.0 .1 98.5 1.5 .0 30.2 1.9 67.7 .2 15.0 

1998 86.1 1.2 22.1 77.0 .1 99.4 .3 .3 29.7 2.1 67.5 .7 20.1 

1999 87.0 1.3 19.7 79.3 .1 99.6 .2 .2 31.7 3.2 64.3 .8 18.5 

2000 83.4 1.1 20.8 77.5 .0 99.4 .1 .5 32.7 2.3 63.4 1.6 25.4 .1 

2001 82.3 2.4 20.4 77.8 .5 99.4 .6 27.4 2.3 66.9 3.4 37.5 .1 

2002 79.7 4.1 20.8 77.9 .9 99.2 .8 28.6 2.8 65.2 3.4 36.3 .7 

2003 77.7 4.2 20.0 78.0 1.9 99.4 .6 16.8 2.6 77.2 3.3 42.5 1.3 

2004 76.4 5.6 19.1 79.1 1.7 99.5 .5 15.6 1.9 79.4 3.1 48.7 .7 

2005 77.7 4.9 18.2 80.3 1.5 99.5 .5 13.6 3.5 81.1 1.8 55.4 .9 

2006 75.1 4.6 19.1 78.6 1.7 98.6 1.4 12.6 3.5 83.6 .4 65.3 1.0 

2007 70.4 7.1 22.7 68.6 5.6 100.0 8.7 3.5 87.7 .1 64.6 1.2 

Table E-2 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Mid-size Car 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-1 Appendix E 
MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FTYEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 1631 .160 13.6 10.5 13.1 11.6 4630 353 158 13.9 115 .447 .0341 27.2 

1976 1964 .159 15.7 12.2 15.1 13.4 4558 343 156 13.8 114 .454 .0340 30.7 

1977 2226 .158 16.4 12.9 15.7 14.0 4473 112.9 332 151 13.9 114 .454 .0337 31.6 1601 3565 

1978 3339 .231 18.6 14.4 17.9 15.8 3820 113.0 292 135 13.4 113 .464 .0353 30.3 1823 3422 

1979 3211 .231 19.1 15.0 18.1 16.3 3710 113.1 272 128 13.6 112 .474 .0345 30.3 1870 3425 

1980 2987 .264 21.6 16.8 21.0 18.4 3362 113.2 228 113 13.8 109 .512 .0336 31.1 2113 3523 

1981 2902 .275 22.9 17.8 22.3 19.6 3346 113.9 220 107 14.2 108 .509 .0322 32.9 2255 3746 

1982 2136 .219 24.0 18.4 23.8 20.5 3321 113.9 211 107 14.2 108 .529 .0324 34.3 2377 3906 

1983 2269 .220 23.9 18.4 23.6 20.4 3316 113.8 212 111 13.8 109 .544 .0336 34.0 2363 3876 

1984 2770 .198 24.1 18.5 23.9 20.6 3318 113.7 210 113 13.6 110 .563 .0342 34.3 2373 3896 

1985 2777 .192 24.9 19.0 24.9 21.3 3318 113.6 205 117 13.3 112 .606 .0354 35.4 2453 4025 

1986 2666 .174 25.9 19.6 25.9 22.0 3241 113.8 194 118 13.0 113 .640 .0364 35.8 2535 4074 

1987 2252 .152 26.0 19.5 26.0 22.1 3247 113.7 188 123 12.7 114 .684 .0379 35.9 2540 4087 

1988 2113 .138 26.7 19.7 27.1 22.6 3293 113.4 183 129 12.3 116 .718 .0389 37.3 2588 4230 

1989 2591 .179 26.6 19.5 27.1 22.5 3314 113.6 181 131 12.2 117 .735 .0396 37.4 2574 4245 

1990 2342 .186 26.2 19.0 26.8 22.1 3450 113.7 187 140 12.0 119 .758 .0407 38.2 2528 4342 

1991 2114 .168 26.0 18.8 26.5 21.9 3412 113.5 191 146 11.5 121 .773 .0428 37.4 2497 4242 

1992 2120 .174 25.8 18.4 26.3 21.6 3515 113.9 191 151 11.5 122 .801 .0427 38.0 2471 4333 

1993 2330 .176 26.1 18.6 26.4 21.8 3515 113.9 192 153 11.4 123 .812 .0434 38.4 2497 4376 

1994 2057 .146 25.9 18.3 26.0 21.5 3529 113.5 189 155 11.4 123 .827 .0437 38.0 2457 4320 

1995 2515 .166 26.1 18.2 26.5 21.7 3546 114.3 189 166 10.7 127 .889 .0465 38.5 2491 4402 

1996 2359 .179 26.5 18.5 26.5 21.9 3527 114.1 181 162 10.9 126 .906 .0459 38.6 2505 4407 

1997 2399 .166 26.5 18.4 26.7 21.9 3551 114.5 184 170 10.6 128 .933 .0476 39.0 2522 4464 

1998 2967 .205 27.1 18.7 26.9 22.3 3534 114.0 177 169 10.5 128 .965 .0477 39.5 2552 4500 

1999 3141 .206 27.1 18.5 26.8 22.2 3540 114.0 175 170 10.5 128 .984 .0480 39.4 2538 4485 

2000 2894 .175 27.0 18.4 26.5 22.0 3550 113.6 174 178 10.2 131 1.027 .0499 39.2 2512 4447 

2001 2480 .159 27.2 18.5 26.5 22.1 3566 113.7 175 180 10.1 132 1.034 .0503 39.6 2529 4500 

2002 2807 .174 27.7 18.8 26.5 22.4 3549 114.8 177 185 9.8 134 1.055 .0519 39.8 2581 4571 

2003 2483 .157 28.3 18.9 27.3 22.8 3567 114.6 174 189 9.7 135 1.096 .0529 40.8 2628 4675 

2004 2522 .161 28.7 19.0 27.5 23.0 3577 114.0 174 190 9.7 135 1.100 .0528 41.6 2667 4737 

2005 2886 .182 29.8 19.7 28.2 23.8 3544 114.5 168 185 9.8 133 1.096 .0515 42.8 2793 4900 

2006 2425 .161 29.6 19.6 27.9 23.6 3569 114.0 169 192 9.5 135 1.138 .0532 42.7 2756 4869 

2007 2748 .185 30.8 20.4 28.8 24.5 3590 113.9 169 196 9.5 136 1.146 .0537 44.9 2886 5106 

Percent of Mid-size Car: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 2.7 .6 .7 

1976 2.5 .4 .6 

1977 2.1 .3 .7 

1978 1.4 1.7 11.1 1.4 

1979 5.2 1.9 21.4 2.3 1.4 

1980 30.2 7.8 25.3 1.0 1.5 2.5 

1981 32.3 5.6 52.2 .1 2.3 4.0 

1982 44.7 2.0 82.6 .2 15.4 3.8 

1983 48.9 1.2 80.0 .5 17.2 1.7 

1984 55.1 .9 82.0 3.8 25.6 1.0 

1985 61.9 1.3 77.6 13.0 37.1 .3 

1986 71.0 .1 1.8 76.4 25.4 42.3 .2 100.0 

1987 77.3 .2 1.5 77.6 40.7 43.4 .4 100.0 

1988 87.0 .1 3.8 91.1 66.9 28.0 93.4 6.5 .1 

1989 86.5 .1 4.7 91.7 78.3 21.0 94.3 4.9 .8 

1990 85.2 .2 3.9 93.9 86.6 13.3 .0 90.6 4.3 5.1 2.3 

1991 87.2 .1 3.6 94.5 88.7 11.2 .1 89.7 4.9 5.3 2.7 

1992 79.1 .1 2.7 96.6 94.7 5.3 77.0 1.6 21.4 3.6 

1993 85.4 .2 2.3 97.2 95.6 4.4 72.7 27.3 4.0 

1994 84.7 2.0 97.7 96.0 4.0 68.1 31.9 3.9 

1995 79.6 2.7 97.2 98.9 1.1 61.5 38.5 8.9 

1996 91.9 4.3 94.9 99.7 .3 52.6 47.4 11.0 

1997 90.6 .1 2.5 97.5 99.8 .2 50.1 49.9 10.1 

1998 95.2 .5 3.0 97.0 99.9 .1 44.5 1.2 53.1 1.3 22.0 

1999 95.2 .7 3.3 96.3 99.8 .2 36.1 1.4 59.7 2.7 20.9 

2000 92.3 .9 3.5 95.7 100.0 25.1 1.4 71.1 2.4 29.4 

2001 93.0 1.2 3.1 96.1 100.0 28.2 1.8 66.6 3.4 25.3 

2002 94.2 .8 2.6 97.1 .1 100.0 21.4 .9 74.7 3.0 45.0 

2003 91.7 .6 2.8 97.0 .1 100.0 21.9 2.5 72.1 3.6 55.3 

2004 91.7 1.0 3.2 94.2 1.9 99.9 .1 16.2 1.6 80.0 2.2 54.7 1.9 

2005 91.4 1.9 3.2 92.4 4.2 99.6 .4 13.6 1.1 84.6 .7 68.5 4.9 

2006 89.1 3.1 4.0 92.2 3.7 99.8 .2 12.4 .2 87.2 .2 78.7 3.8 

2007 86.0 5.3 6.2 71.6 22.2 99.9 .1 9.9 90.1 85.0 7.1 

Table E-3 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Large Car 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-2 Appendix E 
MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

HP/

CID 

HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FTWT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG 

1975 1555 .152 13.1 10.2 12.6 11.2 5142 409 180 13.5 117 .439 .0348 28.9 

1976 1679 .136 14.2 11.1 13.5 12.1 5156 410 180 13.4 117 .440 .0349 31.1 

1977 2319 .164 15.9 12.4 15.2 13.5 4482 128.1 366 165 12.8 118 .453 .0370 30.4 1759 3895 

1978 2048 .142 16.8 13.0 16.3 14.3 4394 128.5 357 162 12.8 118 .457 .0370 31.7 1869 4071 

1979 2111 .152 17.4 13.7 16.5 14.8 4210 130.0 339 154 12.9 116 .454 .0365 31.3 1940 4073 

1980 963 .085 19.1 14.7 18.8 16.3 4130 130.9 314 137 14.0 112 .440 .0331 34.0 2156 4448 

1981 956 .091 20.4 15.4 20.8 17.4 4108 131.0 304 133 14.3 111 .444 .0325 36.4 2318 4762 

1982 832 .085 20.7 15.6 21.0 17.7 4034 131.0 292 135 13.9 112 .468 .0337 36.0 2333 4715 

1983 1079 .105 20.2 15.2 20.6 17.3 4041 131.3 292 140 13.4 113 .481 .0347 35.0 2272 4590 

1984 1236 .088 20.5 15.5 21.0 17.5 4022 130.9 294 140 13.4 114 .478 .0349 35.3 2298 4622 

1985 1512 .105 22.3 16.6 23.3 19.1 3841 129.3 279 143 12.7 116 .512 .0371 36.7 2470 4743 

1986 1267 .082 23.9 17.6 25.4 20.4 3719 127.4 260 147 12.1 119 .577 .0396 38.0 2610 4845 

1987 1218 .082 23.9 17.4 25.4 20.3 3696 127.0 259 149 11.8 120 .587 .0405 37.6 2588 4774 

1988 1303 .085 24.2 17.6 25.6 20.6 3730 128.1 262 150 11.9 120 .587 .0405 38.4 2644 4923 

1989 1289 .089 24.0 17.3 25.3 20.4 3721 127.4 261 158 11.4 122 .619 .0427 37.9 2598 4829 

1990 1092 .087 23.7 16.9 25.1 20.0 3799 126.7 258 161 11.4 123 .639 .0427 38.0 2542 4819 

1991 1012 .080 23.6 16.8 24.8 19.9 3893 129.0 264 178 10.7 127 .685 .0459 38.8 2575 5011 

1992 1240 .102 23.8 16.8 25.0 20.0 3872 129.6 262 185 10.4 130 .715 .0480 38.8 2601 5032 

1993 1103 .084 24.2 17.0 25.2 20.3 3831 128.9 256 181 10.5 129 .720 .0473 38.9 2627 5024 

1994 1277 .090 24.1 16.8 24.9 20.1 3859 128.3 248 188 10.2 131 .766 .0487 38.8 2587 4986 

1995 1305 .086 24.4 16.9 25.4 20.4 3830 127.9 248 206 9.4 138 .845 .0539 39.1 2618 5003 

1996 1066 .081 24.3 16.7 25.3 20.3 3894 128.1 250 217 9.2 140 .879 .0557 39.5 2601 5058 

1997 1195 .083 24.5 16.8 25.4 20.4 3821 127.4 242 216 9.1 141 .903 .0567 39.0 2606 4968 

1998 912 .063 24.6 16.8 25.2 20.4 3784 127.4 240 218 8.9 142 .922 .0575 38.5 2601 4909 

1999 1059 .070 24.8 16.8 25.2 20.5 3854 127.0 235 222 8.9 143 .971 .0576 39.5 2608 5014 

2000 1665 .100 25.6 17.3 25.7 21.0 3782 124.9 221 215 9.2 141 .980 .0564 39.7 2627 4958 

2001 1416 .091 25.4 17.1 25.5 20.8 3774 124.8 221 204 9.5 137 .932 .0538 39.3 2607 4912 

2002 1252 .078 26.0 17.4 25.7 21.2 3767 124.0 218 209 9.3 139 .975 .0554 39.9 2637 4951 

2003 1261 .080 26.0 17.3 25.6 21.1 3841 124.8 224 208 9.5 138 .929 .0538 40.6 2648 5068 

2004 1185 .075 26.0 17.2 25.6 21.1 3858 124.7 225 211 9.4 139 .944 .0546 40.6 2642 5073 

2005 1234 .078 26.4 17.4 25.5 21.2 3933 125.0 225 216 9.5 139 .964 .0545 41.8 2670 5230 

2006 1548 .103 25.9 17.0 25.2 20.9 4038 124.9 230 234 9.0 144 1.030 .0577 42.4 2634 5295 

2007 1390 .093 25.3 16.6 24.9 20.5 4132 124.1 248 251 8.7 148 1.021 .0603 42.6 2575 5290 

Percent of Large Car: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 1.5 .0 

1976 1.5 .0 1.2 

1977 1.5 .5 

1978 1.1 2.5 .2 1.4 

1979 6.5 .2 3.5 

1980 41.6 2.0 10.4 

1981 89.8 17.1 15.2 

1982 93.1 20.1 10.0 

1983 99.9 37.3 2.4 

1984 99.9 39.0 .8 

1985 31.9 100.0 19.1 44.9 .3 

1986 55.9 .7 99.2 65.4 15.8 99.3 .7 

1987 60.9 .5 99.5 69.9 15.2 98.9 1.1 

1988 58.7 .4 99.6 76.9 12.6 98.9 1.1 

1989 61.9 .3 99.7 74.8 22.2 99.2 .8 

1990 69.0 .2 99.8 92.9 6.0 99.5 .5 

1991 59.8 .4 99.6 83.3 16.7 99.1 .9 

1992 58.5 .3 98.5 89.2 10.7 .1 98.1 1.9 .7 

1993 64.8 .4 98.2 89.7 10.3 92.0 8.0 .9 

1994 69.2 .2 99.0 99.9 .1 82.9 17.1 .5 

1995 71.3 .2 98.3 100.0 .0 76.5 23.5 .7 

1996 67.7 .1 99.3 100.0 61.6 38.4 1.2 

1997 72.4 .4 99.6 100.0 64.4 35.6 1.8 

1998 74.2 .1 99.9 100.0 60.2 39.8 2.5 

1999 72.5 100.0 100.0 49.7 50.3 1.8 

2000 80.9 .0 100.0 100.0 60.2 1.2 38.6 .0 7.2 

2001 79.3 .1 100.0 100.0 64.0 2.3 33.6 .1 9.1 

2002 86.6 .0 100.0 100.0 62.8 2.1 35.0 .0 6.9 

2003 77.1 .3 100.0 100.0 72.7 1.7 25.5 .0 8.9 

2004 77.1 1.3 100.0 100.0 65.9 1.4 31.9 .8 10.6 

2005 68.6 3.8 96.7 3.2 100.0 64.4 .9 34.4 .4 8.8 

2006 64.2 3.7 .1 96.4 3.4 100.0 51.7 1.0 47.1 .3 29.0 

2007 61.3 6.8 .8 97.2 2.0 100.0 58.9 .1 41.0 46.7 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-3 Appendix E 
Table E-4 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Small Wagon 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FTYEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 477 .047 22.4 17.4 21.6 19.1 2833 128 87 14.8 104 .713 .0307 27.3 

1976 345 .028 23.9 18.7 22.9 20.4 2902 136 86 15.2 103 .668 .0297 29.8 

1977 384 .027 25.5 20.2 23.8 21.7 2801 108.0 134 85 14.9 104 .685 .0305 30.8 2404 3317 

1978 361 .025 24.3 19.2 22.9 20.7 2805 108.0 134 90 14.3 105 .709 .0319 29.5 2291 3176 

1979 310 .022 25.7 20.3 24.3 21.9 2711 105.1 123 81 15.1 102 .684 .0295 29.8 2335 3135 

1980 310 .027 28.6 22.6 27.0 24.4 2591 108.2 113 75 15.4 101 .685 .0289 32.0 2702 3463 

1981 418 .040 30.0 23.6 28.5 25.6 2531 110.6 108 79 14.4 103 .755 .0313 32.6 2858 3601 

1982 382 .039 30.6 23.9 29.4 26.1 2580 112.2 109 75 15.3 101 .698 .0289 33.8 2951 3789 

1983 531 .052 32.2 25.3 30.5 27.4 2565 108.2 105 74 15.3 101 .713 .0289 35.3 2986 3817 

1984 461 .033 31.9 24.9 30.7 27.2 2620 116.5 107 77 15.2 102 .719 .0294 35.9 3206 4180 

1985 496 .034 32.5 25.4 30.9 27.7 2579 117.7 106 78 15.0 102 .727 .0300 35.9 3296 4227 

1986 348 .023 31.0 24.2 29.2 26.3 2647 118.4 113 82 14.7 103 .730 .0308 35.1 3162 4150 

1987 361 .024 30.7 23.8 28.9 25.9 2795 120.0 116 91 14.2 106 .788 .0324 36.5 3152 4378 

1988 253 .017 31.3 24.3 29.0 26.3 2757 118.7 113 93 13.7 107 .829 .0336 36.4 3147 4317 

1989 159 .011 31.5 24.2 29.4 26.4 2766 118.6 112 96 13.5 108 .862 .0344 36.6 3154 4339 

1990 160 .013 29.6 22.4 27.7 24.7 3026 122.2 120 110 12.9 111 .920 .0361 37.4 3047 4577 

1991 209 .017 30.6 22.8 28.9 25.4 3005 123.3 120 106 13.3 110 .880 .0350 38.3 3174 4726 

1992 143 .012 30.2 22.3 28.6 25.0 3076 123.7 122 123 12.4 116 1.017 .0399 38.6 3133 4774 

1993 301 .023 32.5 23.7 31.0 26.9 2882 123.0 118 99 13.5 108 .842 .0343 38.9 3342 4784 

1994 206 .015 32.9 23.6 31.7 27.1 2908 122.9 121 103 13.3 110 .848 .0352 39.6 3381 4872 

1995 198 .013 33.3 23.9 31.8 27.3 2859 122.1 118 100 13.4 109 .844 .0348 39.2 3372 4782 

1996 90 .007 31.6 22.5 30.0 25.8 2952 118.0 122 114 12.5 113 .928 .0382 38.2 3079 4507 

1997 149 .010 32.2 22.7 30.8 26.3 2901 119.5 124 117 11.8 116 .943 .0404 38.2 3173 4562 

1998 98 .007 32.1 22.3 30.7 26.1 2874 116.9 124 119 11.7 117 .959 .0412 37.5 3079 4393 

1999 78 .005 31.5 21.8 30.1 25.5 2923 117.9 125 126 11.3 119 1.004 .0428 37.4 3046 4413 

2000 68 .004 29.2 20.0 28.2 23.7 3107 119.7 127 143 10.7 123 1.129 .0459 36.9 2860 4414 

2001 212 .014 27.3 19.0 25.4 22.0 3470 119.6 145 148 11.3 121 1.022 .0426 38.2 2639 4570 

2002 236 .015 26.1 18.0 24.4 21.1 3504 118.2 145 156 11.0 124 1.085 .0445 37.1 2504 4384 

2003 338 .021 30.2 20.8 27.1 23.9 3262 115.2 127 146 11.0 123 1.162 .0448 39.6 2812 4557 

2004 300 .019 31.4 21.6 27.7 24.7 3235 117.5 126 166 10.1 130 1.298 .0506 40.1 2943 4719 

2005 365 .023 32.5 22.2 28.4 25.3 3160 115.9 122 156 10.4 127 1.265 .0487 40.3 2984 4672 

2006 486 .032 31.4 21.3 27.8 24.6 3252 118.4 127 160 10.5 128 1.240 .0484 40.1 2944 4756 

2007 635 .043 33.2 22.6 29.2 25.9 3173 113.6 122 149 10.7 125 1.213 .0466 41.3 2996 4707 

Percent of Small Wagon: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 13.3 48.6 .8 

1976 12.2 42.8 3.2 

1977 23.3 52.9 6.4 .6 

1978 23.0 56.3 6.9 

1979 13.3 12.1 59.3 1.0 

1980 24.4 9.8 67.3 4.6 1.1 6.3 

1981 57.9 8.0 62.0 8.1 4.0 2.2 

1982 68.3 8.9 54.0 19.4 4.8 .7 1.2 

1983 55.4 39.3 51.0 23.7 3.7 17.0 .3 

1984 81.4 15.6 43.7 39.2 5.1 32.2 1.6 

1985 60.0 39.6 42.7 42.2 6.2 15.4 .5 

1986 78.4 20.7 43.3 29.0 6.8 24.3 .8 100.0 

1987 76.6 23.4 34.4 41.0 29.2 42.6 78.8 4.9 16.3 

1988 80.2 19.8 37.8 34.6 30.6 62.8 80.5 .6 18.9 

1989 89.9 10.1 26.6 51.8 41.0 48.8 59.8 3.2 36.9 

1990 68.3 31.7 30.6 58.8 59.4 40.6 35.5 64.5 

1991 79.1 20.9 24.4 74.1 80.0 20.0 51.4 48.6 

1992 73.0 25.5 30.9 68.2 95.3 4.7 54.7 45.3 1.4 

1993 83.2 16.2 28.9 70.6 95.8 4.2 73.5 26.5 .5 

1994 88.6 10.6 26.3 72.1 97.8 2.2 79.2 20.8 3.5 

1995 92.8 4.6 23.8 76.2 100.0 74.3 25.7 4.5 

1996 84.5 11.2 20.8 79.2 100.0 48.9 51.1 4.5 

1997 82.9 14.4 19.6 80.4 100.0 59.3 40.7 3.0 

1998 78.9 18.3 18.8 81.2 100.0 50.9 45.6 3.5 3.5 

1999 71.8 22.8 20.1 77.6 100.0 36.8 58.7 4.4 16.3 

2000 71.5 17.9 15.2 78.0 100.0 .8 95.8 3.4 43.1 

2001 92.6 5.1 14.9 84.5 100.0 2.6 95.2 2.2 4.1 

2002 82.0 14.9 19.6 79.8 99.1 .9 4.7 1.6 91.5 2.2 2.2 

2003 86.2 11.7 16.6 83.4 98.0 2.0 3.8 1.1 93.2 1.9 48.3 

2004 85.7 13.4 15.7 84.3 98.8 1.2 2.5 .9 95.0 1.6 51.5 

2005 88.8 10.9 15.6 84.4 98.9 1.1 20.9 .6 77.9 .6 60.4 

2006 91.2 8.3 11.5 88.5 100.0 10.5 89.4 .1 56.3 

2007 94.1 5.3 15.8 83.7 100.0 100.0 .0 70.1 

Table E-5 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Mid-size Wagon 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-4 Appendix E 
MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

HP/

CID 

HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FTWT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG 

1975 289 .028 13.2 10.2 12.9 11.3 4791 361 162 13.8 115 .473 .0338 27.4 

1976 485 .039 16.0 12.6 15.1 13.6 4555 315 142 14.8 110 .458 .0311 31.2 

1977 548 .039 16.3 12.9 15.3 13.9 4410 143.6 297 135 15.1 109 .459 .0305 30.7 2015 4417 

1978 503 .035 18.6 14.6 17.6 15.8 3836 140.0 258 123 14.4 109 .484 .0320 30.5 2240 4266 

1979 482 .035 19.1 15.2 17.9 16.3 3758 139.7 249 118 14.7 108 .480 .0313 30.7 2295 4293 

1980 257 .023 21.1 16.5 20.1 18.0 3534 139.7 228 107 15.0 106 .482 .0304 31.9 2542 4455 

1981 272 .026 23.1 18.1 21.8 19.6 3285 136.2 193 103 14.5 107 .562 .0316 32.4 2714 4417 

1982 284 .029 23.7 18.5 22.6 20.2 3384 136.1 205 108 14.3 108 .551 .0320 34.3 2781 4669 

1983 276 .027 24.4 19.1 23.3 20.8 3348 136.2 200 109 14.1 108 .568 .0325 35.0 2869 4759 

1984 365 .026 25.0 19.4 24.2 21.3 3298 135.9 172 107 14.1 108 .633 .0324 35.3 2922 4793 

1985 341 .024 25.2 19.4 24.6 21.5 3356 134.8 170 112 13.9 109 .679 .0334 36.2 2909 4876 

1986 409 .027 26.0 19.8 25.7 22.1 3355 137.8 162 115 13.6 110 .718 .0342 37.1 3055 5116 

1987 359 .024 25.6 19.3 25.6 21.8 3434 140.2 173 125 13.0 113 .735 .0363 37.4 3059 5245 

1988 285 .019 26.2 19.4 26.5 22.2 3378 139.4 171 126 12.7 114 .743 .0372 37.7 3113 5249 

1989 239 .017 25.6 18.8 25.9 21.7 3436 139.9 176 132 12.4 116 .765 .0383 37.3 3038 5217 

1990 184 .015 25.3 18.3 25.9 21.3 3498 141.6 181 139 12.0 118 .782 .0397 37.4 3030 5298 

1991 122 .010 25.9 18.6 26.4 21.8 3506 142.3 181 140 12.0 118 .794 .0401 38.3 3111 5451 

1992 137 .011 26.2 18.6 26.9 21.9 3503 142.6 188 143 11.8 119 .777 .0408 38.5 3143 5502 

1993 166 .013 26.2 18.7 26.6 21.9 3498 137.7 188 144 11.7 120 .790 .0411 38.4 3028 5296 

1994 138 .010 26.0 18.4 26.4 21.7 3532 137.4 180 151 11.4 122 .863 .0428 38.4 2987 5273 

1995 176 .012 26.6 18.8 26.6 22.1 3482 135.9 167 148 11.4 121 .915 .0426 38.5 3008 5235 

1996 169 .013 26.3 18.5 25.8 21.7 3661 136.9 161 153 11.6 122 .965 .0422 39.8 2982 5458 

1997 149 .010 26.3 18.5 25.5 21.6 3666 136.5 160 158 11.3 123 1.001 .0434 39.5 2948 5403 

1998 153 .011 26.2 18.5 25.0 21.4 3668 135.3 155 169 10.7 127 1.097 .0461 39.3 2909 5327 

1999 181 .012 26.3 18.3 25.4 21.5 3691 136.4 157 169 10.8 126 1.087 .0457 39.7 2940 5419 

2000 234 .014 27.3 18.9 25.7 22.1 3572 134.0 153 162 11.0 125 1.060 .0452 39.5 2982 5294 

2001 236 .015 26.6 18.5 24.8 21.5 3775 133.6 155 175 10.7 128 1.139 .0463 40.7 2905 5433 

2002 208 .013 27.4 18.9 25.4 22.0 3731 133.6 152 172 10.7 127 1.136 .0460 41.0 2953 5477 

2003 171 .011 27.2 18.6 25.4 21.9 3745 133.5 151 174 10.7 127 1.157 .0463 40.9 2936 5461 

2004 158 .010 26.4 17.9 24.7 21.2 3860 135.0 158 189 10.3 131 1.208 .0489 41.0 2877 5531 

2005 238 .015 26.0 17.4 24.4 20.8 3839 133.3 183 221 9.3 142 1.235 .0569 40.0 2810 5338 

2006 308 .021 27.8 18.7 25.7 22.1 3611 134.4 170 201 9.5 138 1.196 .0547 39.9 3006 5357 

2007 153 .010 26.7 17.9 25.1 21.4 3847 133.2 188 220 9.2 141 1.216 .0562 41.2 2884 5482 

Percent of Mid-size Wagon: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 4.0 7.6 .2 

1976 7.1 3.4 .1 

1977 4.6 3.5 .3 

1978 5.3 17.2 3.0 .3 

1979 5.3 9.1 2.5 2.5 

1980 9.9 43.8 4.3 5.9 

1981 35.6 12.8 28.5 6.9 5.9 

1982 28.2 7.4 62.6 5.7 6.3 

1983 32.8 6.2 50.2 7.9 2.3 

1984 69.9 5.4 62.5 10.4 20.3 2.5 

1985 69.5 4.5 5.9 64.7 25.7 30.5 1.8 

1986 82.2 2.1 9.1 71.0 51.3 28.0 .2 100.0 

1987 83.9 .1 4.4 83.6 71.7 22.8 .8 100.0 

1988 87.7 .7 3.8 87.2 70.2 29.8 100.0 

1989 77.5 8.2 7.1 80.7 87.7 12.3 99.0 1.0 

1990 81.1 .4 1.7 87.9 98.5 1.5 96.6 3.4 

1991 79.6 1.3 2.4 85.6 99.3 .7 96.4 3.6 

1992 80.8 .6 1.7 88.9 99.7 .3 89.7 10.3 

1993 87.0 .6 1.8 91.2 100.0 88.4 11.6 

1994 89.0 .4 1.6 94.0 100.0 79.9 20.1 6.2 

1995 64.8 27.8 10.1 86.7 100.0 49.2 50.8 6.1 

1996 61.0 39.0 12.9 87.1 99.2 .8 36.5 63.5 6.8 

1997 48.5 51.5 13.4 86.6 99.9 .1 32.4 67.6 4.8 

1998 32.7 64.2 13.7 86.3 100.0 12.9 3.1 82.4 1.6 8.9 

1999 44.8 52.0 12.1 87.9 100.0 16.9 3.2 69.8 10.1 10.6 

2000 54.4 43.3 9.9 90.1 100.0 25.7 2.3 61.3 10.6 19.8 

2001 42.4 56.5 8.5 91.5 100.0 11.4 2.4 74.0 12.2 39.1 

2002 49.0 50.3 8.9 91.1 100.0 7.2 1.9 80.0 10.9 36.7 

2003 46.9 52.7 8.9 90.8 100.0 7.0 .7 74.1 18.2 30.9 

2004 40.3 58.2 7.3 92.7 99.4 .6 5.0 3.7 76.5 14.9 48.6 

2005 19.9 49.3 6.8 93.2 98.6 1.4 14.8 1.0 79.8 4.4 31.3 

2006 44.0 32.1 6.1 93.9 100.0 5.9 .6 93.5 61.9 

2007 31.3 53.0 7.8 92.2 100.0 16.3 83.7 30.4 

Table E-6 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Large Wagon 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-5 Appendix E 
MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT VOL ENGINE 0-60 TOP 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CU-FT CID HP TIME SPD 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

HP/

CID 

HP/ TON CU-FT CU-FTWT -MPG -MPG TON-MPG 

1975 197 .019 11.9 9.3 11.6 10.2 5453 410 181 14.0 116 .441 .0333 27.9 

1976 207 .017 13.5 10.6 12.9 11.5 5444 416 185 13.7 117 .445 .0340 31.4 

1977 340 .024 15.5 12.2 14.6 13.2 4713 163.1 365 161 13.6 115 .442 .0342 31.4 2185 5113 

1978 293 .020 15.9 12.4 15.4 13.6 4664 162.4 354 162 13.4 116 .460 .0348 31.8 2216 5161 

1979 275 .020 16.1 12.8 15.1 13.7 4466 162.5 333 155 13.4 115 .465 .0346 30.7 2240 4996 

1980 102 .009 19.1 14.7 18.9 16.3 4423 161.5 323 134 15.2 109 .418 .0304 36.9 2690 5953 

1981 108 .010 19.9 15.0 20.3 17.0 4394 161.4 312 131 15.3 108 .424 .0299 38.2 2797 6154 

1982 146 .015 19.2 14.4 19.8 16.4 4396 161.3 306 139 14.6 110 .456 .0316 36.5 2677 5877 

1983 130 .013 19.6 14.7 20.2 16.7 4379 161.6 307 142 14.1 112 .465 .0325 36.8 2714 5940 

1984 176 .013 19.9 14.9 20.5 17.0 4371 161.7 305 144 13.9 112 .472 .0330 37.3 2760 6028 

1985 145 .010 20.9 15.6 21.8 17.9 4354 161.7 305 153 13.2 115 .504 .0354 39.0 2894 6299 

1986 120 .008 22.0 16.2 23.3 18.8 4381 161.4 304 146 13.9 113 .479 .0334 41.3 3040 6656 

1987 88 .006 22.1 16.3 23.1 18.9 4348 161.8 304 143 14.0 112 .470 .0330 41.0 3051 6634 

1988 75 .005 22.8 16.8 23.4 19.4 4349 161.7 304 143 14.0 112 .470 .0330 42.1 3131 6807 

1989 63 .004 22.5 16.5 23.0 19.0 4334 161.8 304 143 13.9 112 .471 .0332 41.2 3081 6671 

1990 31 .002 22.7 16.5 23.1 19.1 4337 161.6 304 143 13.9 112 .471 .0332 41.5 3092 6701 

1991 34 .003 22.9 16.3 24.2 19.4 4402 169.1 304 177 11.9 122 .581 .0404 42.6 3273 7207 

1992 27 .002 22.7 15.9 24.3 19.1 4500 170.3 338 177 12.1 121 .526 .0394 43.1 3261 7337 

1993 19 .001 22.5 15.6 24.3 19.0 4500 169.3 340 174 12.2 120 .513 .0386 42.7 3214 7231 

1994 16 .001 22.9 15.9 24.1 19.2 4500 169.2 350 250 9.1 144 .714 .0556 43.3 3254 7321 

1995 10 .001 22.8 15.8 23.9 19.1 4500 169.3 350 250 9.1 144 .714 .0556 43.0 3233 7274 

1996 9 .001 23.2 15.9 24.5 19.4 4500 170.2 350 260 8.9 147 .743 .0578 43.6 3298 7421 

2004 98 .006 22.0 14.9 20.9 17.8 4769 165.0 215 249 9.6 140 1.158 .0524 42.4 2936 6996 

2005 118 .007 22.2 14.9 21.1 17.9 4791 165.0 217 244 9.8 139 1.125 .0510 42.9 2958 7078 

2006 98 .007 21.7 14.7 20.5 17.5 4807 164.7 219 254 9.5 142 1.163 .0531 42.1 2896 6936 

2007 91 .006 22.3 14.7 22.0 18.1 4794 159.2 235 244 9.9 139 1.039 .0509 43.5 2895 6928 

Percent of Large Wagon: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 

1976 

1977 

1978 1.4 

1979 

1980 74.0 26.7 

1981 100.0 .2 25.2 

1982 100.0 11.0 

1983 100.0 24.1 4.6 

1984 100.0 25.8 1.5 

1985 100.0 29.2 .4 

1986 100.0 23.7 100.0 

1987 100.0 30.3 100.0 

1988 100.0 30.2 100.0 

1989 100.0 33.1 100.0 

1990 100.0 32.7 100.0 

1991 100.0 19.5 80.5 100.0 

1992 100.0 100.0 100.0 

1993 100.0 100.0 100.0 

1994 100.0 100.0 100.0 

1995 100.0 100.0 100.0 

1996 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2004 46.1 53.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2005 60.1 39.9 100.0 100.0 14.5 85.5 

2006 57.7 42.3 100.0 100.0 19.1 80.9 13.8 

2007 57.4 42.6 100.0 97.9 2.1 19.7 1.2 79.1 15.0 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-6 Appendix E 
Table E-7 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Small Van 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 2 .000 20.6 16.2 19.6 17.5 3498 118 78 19.1 96 .656 .0224 30.7 

1976 1 .000 19.9 15.1 20.1 17.0 3500 120 67 20.9 92 .558 .0191 29.8 

1977 2 .000 22.2 17.2 21.5 18.9 3500 120 67 20.8 92 .558 .0191 33.1 

1978 3 .000 20.0 15.7 19.1 17.0 3500 120 67 20.9 92 .558 .0191 29.8 

1979 8 .001 18.7 14.8 17.6 16.0 3500 120 67 20.9 92 .558 .0191 28.0 

1980 16 .001 19.0 14.7 18.6 16.2 3618 120 67 21.4 91 .558 .0186 29.4 

1981 11 .001 18.5 14.6 17.4 15.8 3644 120 67 21.6 91 .558 .0185 28.7 

1982 15 .002 21.7 17.7 19.4 18.4 3668 111 61 23.4 89 .550 .0168 35.6 

1983 14 .001 19.7 15.6 18.4 16.8 3567 118 69 20.9 92 .583 .0194 30.3 

1984 83 .006 25.6 20.8 23.0 21.7 3313 120 87 16.6 100 .721 .0265 36.4 

1985 93 .006 25.5 20.7 23.1 21.7 3270 121 88 16.2 101 .727 .0272 35.6 

1986 102 .007 25.7 20.6 23.1 21.7 3298 131 95 15.3 104 .728 .0291 36.0 

1987 126 .008 24.3 19.4 21.9 20.5 3299 134 98 15.0 105 .736 .0301 34.0 

1988 55 .004 24.5 19.2 22.3 20.6 3402 134 100 15.1 105 .751 .0297 35.2 

1989 35 .002 25.0 19.8 22.4 20.9 3390 130 98 15.3 104 .755 .0293 35.5 

1990 30 .002 23.9 18.5 21.8 20.0 3554 140 120 14.0 111 .855 .0344 35.6 

1991 15 .001 24.0 18.6 21.5 19.9 3402 124 95 15.8 103 .761 .0284 33.8 

1992 40 .003 27.0 20.2 25.3 22.4 3217 129 115 13.0 112 .901 .0358 36.1 

1993 12 .001 28.2 20.9 26.4 23.3 3032 121 120 12.0 115 .991 .0396 35.4 

1994 11 .001 27.0 19.7 25.7 22.3 3248 135 130 11.9 117 .966 .0402 36.3 

1995 6 .000 26.5 19.3 24.8 21.8 3163 134 130 11.7 118 .967 .0411 34.6 

1996 2 .000 26.2 18.8 24.9 21.5 3416 142 134 12.1 117 .949 .0394 36.8 

Percent of Small Van: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 43.3 61.1 

1976 84.8 100.0 

1977 89.9 100.0 

1978 85.0 100.0 

1979 81.2 100.0 

1980 82.9 100.0 

1981 81.2 100.0 

1982 89.0 61.7 38.3 

1983 4.2 76.9 93.6 6.4 

1984 20.0 41.9 50.1 54.4 25.6 2.4 

1985 18.7 3.2 40.8 53.3 57.7 20.5 

1986 22.4 13.1 36.4 60.8 64.5 

1987 20.5 17.0 30.4 66.8 65.1 18.1 

1988 21.1 16.0 28.4 68.6 81.6 18.4 

1989 27.6 21.3 30.0 65.4 99.7 .3 

1990 55.8 22.8 20.8 55.9 99.0 1.0 

1991 42.3 28.4 45.2 36.5 100.0 

1992 84.4 15.6 26.8 73.2 100.0 

1993 98.5 1.5 14.5 85.5 100.0 

1994 66.1 33.9 14.1 85.9 100.0 42.9 33.9 23.3 

1995 27.3 72.7 18.8 81.2 100.0 100.0 

1996 92.3 7.7 3.8 96.2 100.0 100.0 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-7 Appendix E 
Table E-8 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Mid-size Van 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 302 .030 13.3 10.8 11.9 11.3 4230 310 141 13.9 112 .454 .0334 24.5 

1976 308 .025 14.1 11.3 12.9 12.0 4277 317 143 14.0 112 .449 .0334 26.1 

1977 313 .022 14.3 11.6 12.8 12.1 4348 326 149 13.6 114 .456 .0343 26.6 

1978 399 .028 13.8 11.3 12.2 11.7 4345 327 152 13.3 115 .465 .0351 25.9 

1979 313 .023 14.3 11.8 12.5 12.1 4506 320 137 15.0 109 .433 .0305 27.6 

1980 130 .011 16.9 13.5 15.6 14.3 4230 288 136 14.3 111 .475 .0321 30.5 

1981 138 .013 17.9 14.3 16.5 15.2 4248 279 134 14.6 110 .480 .0315 32.4 

1982 180 .019 17.9 14.3 16.5 15.2 4266 284 139 14.3 111 .485 .0324 32.5 

1983 230 .022 18.7 14.8 17.4 15.9 4396 294 141 14.5 111 .480 .0320 35.3 

1984 420 .030 19.2 15.1 18.1 16.3 4081 248 127 14.8 109 .538 .0309 33.8 

1985 600 .041 19.8 15.8 18.5 16.9 3945 233 131 14.1 111 .586 .0330 33.7 

1986 782 .051 20.8 16.2 19.7 17.6 3964 224 129 14.3 110 .595 .0323 35.2 

1987 848 .057 21.2 16.3 20.3 18.0 3959 226 146 12.9 116 .671 .0368 35.8 

1988 941 .062 21.8 16.6 21.0 18.4 3974 223 148 12.7 117 .691 .0373 36.7 

1989 1100 .076 21.8 16.5 20.9 18.3 3980 218 146 12.9 116 .700 .0367 36.7 

1990 1124 .089 21.8 16.3 21.0 18.3 4033 219 148 12.9 116 .693 .0367 37.1 

1991 943 .075 21.9 16.3 20.9 18.3 4079 214 148 13.0 116 .714 .0363 37.5 

1992 1088 .089 21.8 16.2 20.9 18.2 4102 218 152 12.8 117 .713 .0369 37.5 

1993 1323 .100 22.3 16.4 21.5 18.6 4033 211 153 12.5 118 .741 .0380 37.5 

1994 1295 .092 22.0 16.1 21.0 18.2 4078 219 158 12.4 119 .732 .0386 37.3 

1995 1552 .102 22.2 16.0 21.4 18.4 4041 226 158 12.3 119 .717 .0390 37.3 

1996 1298 .099 22.8 16.3 22.0 18.8 4115 211 168 11.8 122 .806 .0410 38.8 

1997 1126 .078 22.6 16.1 21.7 18.6 4132 210 168 11.8 122 .810 .0407 38.5 

1998 1357 .094 23.3 16.4 22.5 19.1 4090 209 176 11.3 125 .849 .0431 39.2 

1999 1292 .085 23.0 16.1 22.3 18.9 4199 213 177 11.4 124 .842 .0422 39.7 

2000 1522 .092 23.5 16.3 22.6 19.2 4197 208 178 11.4 124 .869 .0426 40.3 

2001 938 .060 24.0 16.5 22.9 19.5 4267 206 190 11.0 127 .930 .0446 41.7 

2002 1131 .070 23.7 16.3 22.6 19.2 4332 210 197 10.8 129 .945 .0456 41.8 

2003 1121 .071 24.1 16.4 22.9 19.5 4313 212 198 10.7 130 .940 .0461 42.1 

2004 893 .057 24.1 16.2 23.1 19.5 4431 214 212 10.4 133 .999 .0479 43.2 

2005 1425 .090 24.2 16.2 23.0 19.5 4398 213 208 10.5 132 .983 .0473 42.9 

2006 1092 .073 24.7 16.5 23.6 19.9 4410 212 210 10.4 132 .998 .0477 43.9 

2007 927 .062 24.7 16.5 23.5 19.9 4403 215 223 10.0 136 1.042 .0506 43.9 

Percent of Mid-size Van: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 19.1 

1976 17.6 

1977 11.8 

1978 10.6 

1979 13.5 10.4 

1980 21.9 71.3 

1981 .6 16.0 81.1 

1982 10.5 78.7 

1983 9.1 77.2 7.1 

1984 32.0 12.0 48.7 1.5 

1985 40.4 6.1 45.9 .1 1.0 .4 

1986 29.7 5.7 61.5 10.9 21.7 .2 

1987 33.1 3.9 70.6 36.9 36.8 .1 

1988 42.4 2.6 83.1 49.9 49.8 .1 

1989 39.0 .1 2.3 80.2 52.0 47.9 .1 

1990 51.0 6.8 1.2 96.2 53.5 46.4 .1 

1991 41.2 11.5 .7 99.0 60.2 39.7 .1 

1992 47.8 5.6 .8 98.3 68.6 31.3 .1 

1993 53.4 4.9 1.1 98.6 77.4 22.6 

1994 56.7 6.8 .4 98.7 79.6 20.4 96.6 2.0 1.3 

1995 65.5 9.4 99.5 86.9 13.1 95.5 1.1 3.4 

1996 80.0 2.5 99.5 100.0 93.9 1.1 5.0 

1997 72.6 5.3 99.5 100.0 92.9 1.2 5.9 

1998 86.0 3.5 100.0 100.0 88.6 11.4 

1999 86.0 3.1 100.0 100.0 85.9 14.1 9.3 

2000 89.5 3.0 100.0 100.0 76.0 24.0 16.7 

2001 91.0 3.3 100.0 100.0 70.4 29.6 22.3 

2002 92.6 3.3 100.0 100.0 68.9 31.1 22.9 

2003 91.4 4.9 100.0 100.0 72.0 28.0 21.5 

2004 92.4 4.8 100.0 100.0 44.2 55.8 49.2 

2005 92.6 5.4 94.7 5.3 100.0 60.6 39.4 26.0 

2006 94.4 5.6 93.9 6.1 100.0 48.8 51.2 39.3 

2007 95.2 4.8 95.3 4.7 100.0 47.4 52.6 47.7 

Table E-9 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Large Van 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-8 Appendix E 
MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 153 .015 12.6 10.0 11.7 10.7 4135 334 148 13.7 115 .434 .0356 22.5 

1976 192 .016 13.4 10.6 12.7 11.4 4081 335 151 13.3 117 .444 .0370 23.8 

1977 199 .014 15.5 12.5 14.1 13.2 4110 343 158 12.6 119 .459 .0385 27.4 

1978 224 .015 15.0 12.2 13.6 12.8 4088 335 145 13.3 114 .430 .0354 26.5 

1979 159 .011 12.1 9.7 11.1 10.3 4665 336 163 13.5 116 .480 .0348 24.3 

1980 96 .008 16.0 12.8 14.7 13.6 4639 315 133 15.5 107 .421 .0287 31.9 

1981 96 .009 16.8 13.5 15.3 14.3 4513 310 128 15.6 107 .414 .0285 32.5 

1982 115 .012 16.1 13.0 14.7 13.7 4548 314 131 15.5 107 .418 .0289 31.5 

1983 138 .013 16.2 12.9 15.0 13.8 4532 314 134 15.1 108 .429 .0297 31.5 

1984 174 .012 16.4 13.0 15.4 14.0 4421 314 143 14.4 111 .452 .0322 31.2 

1985 162 .011 16.1 12.7 15.1 13.7 4491 312 146 14.3 112 .464 .0325 30.9 

1986 160 .010 17.6 13.8 16.5 14.9 4610 306 142 14.9 110 .464 .0308 34.6 

1987 140 .009 17.0 13.2 16.1 14.4 4659 309 155 13.9 113 .500 .0332 33.7 

1988 137 .009 16.9 13.0 16.0 14.3 4858 309 156 14.3 113 .502 .0321 34.8 

1989 142 .010 16.8 12.9 15.7 14.1 4821 309 155 14.3 113 .501 .0323 34.2 

1990 107 .009 16.5 12.6 15.7 13.9 4901 314 162 14.0 114 .514 .0331 34.1 

1991 76 .006 16.7 12.6 15.8 14.0 4943 312 162 14.1 114 .518 .0329 34.7 

1992 93 .008 16.9 12.6 16.2 14.2 5132 315 167 14.2 114 .527 .0326 36.5 

1993 106 .008 17.0 12.6 16.1 14.1 5132 315 178 13.5 117 .565 .0348 36.4 

1994 112 .008 17.0 12.5 16.3 14.2 5156 318 183 13.3 118 .577 .0357 36.5 

1995 104 .007 17.1 12.5 16.3 14.2 5185 314 178 13.7 117 .567 .0345 36.8 

1996 109 .008 17.1 12.4 16.3 14.1 5153 325 197 12.7 122 .604 .0384 36.5 

1997 139 .010 18.6 13.3 17.8 15.3 5121 300 221 11.3 129 .740 .0432 39.3 

1998 132 .009 18.3 13.1 17.6 15.1 5137 297 220 11.3 129 .745 .0430 38.9 

1999 171 .011 17.9 12.7 17.0 14.7 5124 297 223 11.2 130 .756 .0436 37.7 

2000 170 .010 18.0 12.8 16.8 14.7 4988 296 221 11.1 130 .750 .0444 36.7 

2001 294 .019 17.7 12.5 16.9 14.5 5322 303 239 10.9 132 .791 .0450 38.7 

2002 112 .007 17.9 12.7 16.5 14.6 5025 293 223 11.0 130 .765 .0444 36.7 

2003 111 .007 18.7 13.2 17.0 15.1 5203 289 233 11.0 132 .811 .0447 39.5 

2004 60 .004 19.4 13.5 17.9 15.7 5314 292 239 10.9 132 .817 .0450 41.6 

2005 55 .003 19.4 13.4 17.7 15.6 5241 288 234 11.0 131 .808 .0445 40.8 

2006 57 .004 19.4 13.5 17.7 15.6 5176 284 227 11.2 130 .795 .0438 40.4 

2007 29 .002 19.7 13.7 18.0 15.8 5478 298 253 10.8 134 .839 .0458 43.3 

Percent of Large Van: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 31.4 

1976 24.8 

1977 17.4 

1978 16.5 

1979 13.9 

1980 22.2 1.6 

1981 23.5 2.6 

1982 14.4 .4 

1983 10.3 35.6 

1984 11.2 35.8 

1985 6.5 49.5 

1986 4.8 52.8 47.7 1.2 

1987 2.0 50.4 82.8 1.4 

1988 1.5 52.5 94.7 4.5 

1989 1.2 51.1 95.0 5.0 

1990 75.3 94.5 5.5 

1991 77.6 95.0 5.0 

1992 83.7 97.2 2.8 

1993 .2 80.9 97.3 2.7 

1994 83.7 98.1 1.9 100.0 

1995 1.7 .8 80.2 94.5 5.5 100.0 

1996 85.1 100.0 100.0 

1997 1.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 

1998 100.0 100.0 100.0 

1999 .6 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2000 1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2001 25.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2002 .7 100.0 100.0 99.3 .7 

2003 3.9 6.5 100.0 100.0 96.1 3.9 

2004 7.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2005 7.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2006 7.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

2007 10.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Table E-10 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Small SUV 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-9 Appendix E 
MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 53 .005 16.1 12.7 15.1 13.7 2897 273 118 11.9 117 .429 .0416 19.8 

1976 60 .005 15.9 12.8 14.5 13.5 2980 273 108 12.7 112 .397 .0367 20.3 

1977 72 .005 17.0 13.7 15.5 14.5 3055 274 111 12.7 112 .405 .0367 22.2 

1978 91 .006 16.9 13.5 15.4 14.3 2986 275 109 12.6 112 .398 .0370 21.4 

1979 104 .008 16.7 13.9 14.5 14.2 3192 261 117 12.7 113 .463 .0367 22.6 

1980 60 .005 18.8 15.3 17.0 16.0 3083 227 95 14.6 105 .454 .0306 24.9 

1981 43 .004 20.4 16.3 18.7 17.3 3054 224 102 13.6 108 .475 .0335 26.7 

1982 42 .004 20.5 16.6 18.5 17.4 2922 207 97 13.9 107 .495 .0331 25.5 

1983 55 .005 21.4 17.4 19.1 18.1 2830 210 100 13.3 109 .505 .0349 25.6 

1984 145 .010 21.6 17.3 19.8 18.3 3302 186 101 14.7 106 .563 .0308 30.3 

1985 115 .008 22.1 17.2 21.3 18.8 3438 167 98 15.5 103 .596 .0285 32.3 

1986 177 .012 23.7 18.5 22.3 20.1 3231 167 118 13.0 112 .734 .0361 32.4 

1987 254 .017 24.2 18.9 22.6 20.4 3169 161 112 13.4 110 .723 .0347 32.3 

1988 288 .019 24.2 18.8 22.4 20.4 3128 157 112 13.2 111 .739 .0351 31.9 

1989 228 .016 22.8 17.7 21.0 19.1 3443 171 120 13.3 111 .731 .0347 33.0 

1990 189 .015 23.4 18.1 21.3 19.5 3329 162 115 13.4 110 .749 .0345 32.6 

1991 136 .011 23.6 18.7 20.5 19.5 3195 145 110 14.0 109 .769 .0339 31.4 

1992 129 .011 23.4 18.4 20.3 19.3 3087 146 117 13.0 113 .811 .0373 30.2 

1993 144 .011 23.2 18.2 20.1 19.1 3113 150 121 12.8 114 .814 .0383 30.0 

1994 188 .013 24.1 18.6 20.9 19.7 3049 139 115 12.9 113 .842 .0373 30.3 

1995 189 .013 24.2 18.6 20.9 19.7 2965 138 117 12.4 115 .864 .0391 29.5 

1996 120 .009 28.5 21.3 25.1 23.1 2896 107 106 12.8 111 .988 .0365 33.5 

1997 489 .034 22.8 16.7 20.7 18.6 3473 182 152 11.2 122 .861 .0434 32.4 

1998 316 .022 23.8 17.5 21.3 19.3 3474 162 154 11.2 123 .970 .0440 33.9 

1999 314 .021 24.1 17.7 21.3 19.4 3522 157 148 11.5 121 .969 .0418 34.6 

2000 400 .024 22.5 16.4 19.9 18.1 3742 171 154 11.7 121 .929 .0411 34.2 

2001 390 .025 24.9 18.0 21.6 19.8 3483 153 152 11.1 123 1.026 .0437 35.0 

2002 354 .022 24.7 17.7 21.6 19.7 3528 156 157 10.9 124 1.048 .0447 35.3 

2003 264 .017 25.2 17.8 22.2 20.0 3498 161 160 10.7 125 1.040 .0458 35.4 

2004 256 .016 24.7 17.1 22.1 19.6 3587 181 174 10.2 130 .999 .0488 35.6 

2005 215 .014 24.3 16.9 21.5 19.3 3521 178 173 10.1 130 1.006 .0492 34.8 

2006 119 .008 22.2 15.4 19.8 17.6 3639 199 183 9.9 132 .965 .0504 33.2 

2007 175 .012 22.6 15.8 19.9 17.9 4023 207 186 10.5 129 .928 .0467 36.3 

Percent of Small SUV: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 88.3 100.0 

1976 85.9 84.6 

1977 79.1 90.1 

1978 85.5 86.9 

1979 87.3 77.5 

1980 100.0 88.6 

1981 100.0 90.5 8.8 

1982 74.2 67.4 6.8 

1983 77.2 70.5 6.6 

1984 97.9 42.2 3.2 

1985 100.0 55.1 44.0 .0 

1986 100.0 60.2 37.4 62.3 

1987 91.0 65.3 25.3 44.0 4.2 

1988 86.7 67.3 27.3 51.7 2.3 

1989 84.9 60.4 31.1 53.9 26.0 

1990 85.8 64.6 31.6 48.2 36.0 

1991 65.6 61.0 33.9 39.3 59.4 

1992 62.6 66.5 28.8 49.7 47.9 

1993 66.4 63.5 31.0 57.3 40.4 

1994 67.1 59.6 26.9 63.9 36.1 90.6 9.4 

1995 86.6 70.4 29.6 78.9 21.1 100.0 

1996 14.9 65.6 39.7 60.3 100.0 100.0 

1997 6.2 78.3 41.6 53.9 100.0 52.7 47.3 

1998 8.8 73.6 42.6 57.4 100.0 28.6 71.4 

1999 8.7 79.0 35.4 64.6 100.0 38.1 61.9 

2000 5.4 67.2 27.1 72.9 100.0 62.9 37.1 

2001 10.4 62.9 20.6 79.4 100.0 46.7 53.3 22.3 

2002 20.2 67.3 20.4 79.5 .1 100.0 34.6 65.4 27.1 

2003 20.4 77.1 22.5 77.5 .0 100.0 40.3 59.7 29.2 

2004 15.5 80.7 23.4 76.6 100.0 33.2 66.8 30.4 

2005 18.9 79.0 23.5 76.5 100.0 33.1 66.9 38.2 

2006 100.0 34.4 65.6 100.0 53.2 46.8 3.5 

2007 89.5 26.0 74.0 100.0 70.7 29.3 2.3 

Table E-11 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Mid-size SUV 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-10 Appendix E 
MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 123 .012 12.1 9.9 10.6 10.2 4724 349 156 14.0 113 .445 .0330 24.3 

1976 168 .014 13.3 10.7 12.0 11.3 4730 354 150 14.5 112 .422 .0318 26.7 

1977 194 .014 14.6 11.8 13.2 12.4 4610 349 153 13.9 113 .439 .0334 28.7 

1978 270 .019 13.8 11.1 12.7 11.8 4653 358 160 13.4 115 .449 .0345 27.4 

1979 187 .013 11.9 9.7 10.5 10.1 4807 344 153 14.5 112 .446 .0318 24.3 

1980 100 .009 14.3 11.5 13.0 12.1 4708 324 145 14.8 110 .448 .0308 28.9 

1981 79 .008 15.6 12.4 14.5 13.3 4664 317 140 15.0 109 .445 .0301 31.3 

1982 98 .010 16.4 13.1 15.2 13.9 4732 320 140 15.2 109 .441 .0297 34.2 

1983 203 .020 18.8 14.6 18.0 16.0 4312 250 126 15.3 107 .537 .0293 35.4 

1984 431 .031 18.9 14.8 18.1 16.1 4092 226 123 15.0 107 .571 .0299 33.7 

1985 563 .039 19.7 15.3 19.2 16.8 4011 212 122 14.9 108 .602 .0304 34.3 

1986 538 .035 19.7 15.4 18.7 16.7 4006 204 126 14.4 109 .653 .0315 33.9 

1987 562 .038 19.8 15.2 19.1 16.8 3975 216 141 13.3 114 .679 .0357 33.6 

1988 610 .040 19.5 14.9 18.8 16.5 4017 234 152 12.6 118 .675 .0384 33.3 

1989 624 .043 19.5 14.9 18.6 16.5 4026 254 161 12.0 121 .650 .0406 33.4 

1990 447 .035 19.1 14.4 18.4 16.1 4079 243 162 12.1 121 .689 .0404 32.9 

1991 904 .072 20.2 15.1 19.5 16.9 4112 236 163 12.0 120 .699 .0399 35.0 

1992 799 .066 19.9 14.7 19.1 16.6 4106 233 170 11.7 123 .735 .0418 34.1 

1993 1038 .079 20.0 14.7 19.3 16.7 4115 242 183 11.0 127 .764 .0449 34.5 

1994 1265 .090 19.8 14.5 18.8 16.4 4192 238 182 11.2 126 .772 .0437 34.6 

1995 1397 .092 19.6 14.3 18.7 16.3 4213 237 179 11.4 125 .766 .0428 34.5 

1996 1528 .116 20.0 14.5 19.1 16.5 4196 249 182 11.2 126 .740 .0438 34.9 

1997 1401 .097 20.5 14.8 19.1 16.8 4220 235 178 11.5 124 .780 .0425 35.6 

1998 1623 .112 20.8 14.9 19.5 17.0 4151 236 178 11.3 125 .774 .0431 35.4 

1999 1762 .116 21.0 15.1 19.4 17.1 4175 228 189 10.8 128 .856 .0454 35.8 

2000 1863 .112 21.0 14.9 19.4 17.0 4170 229 188 10.9 128 .846 .0452 35.6 

2001 1944 .125 21.7 15.3 20.0 17.5 4110 214 194 10.5 131 .936 .0475 36.2 

2002 1802 .112 21.8 15.4 19.9 17.6 4090 204 198 10.3 132 .989 .0486 36.1 

2003 2093 .133 22.4 15.6 20.6 18.0 4131 205 200 10.3 132 .995 .0486 37.4 

2004 2502 .159 22.5 15.5 20.7 18.1 4179 214 209 10.0 134 .994 .0501 37.9 

2005 2079 .131 23.0 15.8 21.0 18.4 4187 204 209 10.0 134 1.043 .0499 38.6 

2006 2105 .140 23.7 16.3 21.5 18.9 4217 204 208 10.1 134 1.035 .0493 40.2 

2007 2199 .148 24.6 16.9 22.1 19.5 4181 199 214 9.8 136 1.092 .0510 41.1 

Percent of Mid-size SUV: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 88.4 18.3 

1976 91.1 17.7 

1977 89.5 17.8 

1978 93.9 17.7 

1979 90.3 19.1 1.2 

1980 95.8 22.4 29.7 2.9 

1981 96.8 21.0 48.6 

1982 93.0 19.8 45.0 13.5 

1983 89.2 26.3 56.1 4.3 

1984 86.9 28.2 50.0 1.2 

1985 81.4 25.1 59.4 5.0 2.0 .8 

1986 87.3 33.8 57.1 13.9 36.9 1.3 

1987 85.5 27.6 63.6 31.4 53.4 .2 

1988 87.1 21.1 70.2 50.8 46.1 .1 

1989 86.4 16.7 75.4 48.7 49.2 .1 

1990 89.8 19.6 75.9 70.4 28.0 .1 

1991 79.6 17.3 81.7 64.9 34.6 .0 

1992 74.4 17.4 82.6 82.6 17.4 

1993 57.9 11.6 88.4 99.4 .6 

1994 .7 78.7 12.3 87.7 99.7 .3 86.0 5.5 8.5 

1995 .0 79.4 10.3 89.7 100.0 80.3 19.7 

1996 70.8 6.1 93.9 100.0 88.8 11.2 

1997 68.5 5.9 94.1 100.0 75.8 24.2 

1998 1.2 71.6 4.7 95.3 100.0 80.3 19.7 

1999 2.7 68.7 3.8 96.2 100.0 69.5 2.0 28.5 5.2 

2000 3.1 69.1 2.8 97.2 100.0 69.7 30.3 4.8 

2001 20.6 57.7 3.2 96.8 100.0 54.2 45.8 13.0 

2002 15.8 62.2 4.6 95.1 .1 100.0 36.0 64.0 24.6 

2003 18.9 63.1 2.9 95.2 1.9 100.0 36.9 .0 63.1 32.2 

2004 19.4 65.7 2.7 94.0 3.3 100.0 38.8 61.2 39.1 

2005 24.1 64.4 2.5 96.9 .6 99.6 .4 25.9 74.1 43.8 .5 

2006 26.4 57.7 2.0 93.2 4.8 99.7 .3 27.4 1.6 71.0 51.7 4.8 

2007 30.5 59.1 3.2 90.2 6.6 99.7 .3 17.5 82.5 60.9 4.5 

Table E-12 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Large SUV 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-11 Appendix E 
 55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 11 .001 12.2 10.0 10.7 10.3 4728 364 171 13.0 118 .467 .0361 24.5 

1976 16 .001 12.7 10.1 11.6 10.8 4904 373 166 13.9 115 .440 .0338 26.6 

1977 17 .001 13.6 11.1 12.2 11.6 4870 371 170 13.6 116 .453 .0348 28.6 

1978 19 .001 13.2 10.8 11.7 11.2 4953 373 168 13.5 116 .455 .0342 27.9 

1979 109 .008 11.1 9.3 9.4 9.4 5260 375 152 15.8 109 .403 .0288 24.8 

1980 23 .002 14.3 11.3 13.4 12.2 5188 340 160 14.7 112 .471 .0309 31.8 

1981 14 .001 15.3 12.3 14.1 13.0 5127 338 170 13.9 115 .502 .0331 33.4 

1982 22 .002 18.9 14.4 18.9 16.1 5410 344 146 16.5 107 .427 .0273 45.0 

1983 30 .003 17.6 13.6 17.1 15.0 5327 355 153 15.8 109 .435 .0290 41.5 

1984 49 .003 16.9 13.0 16.5 14.4 5247 351 157 15.1 111 .450 .0302 38.6 

1985 57 .004 16.9 12.9 16.8 14.4 5248 350 161 14.9 112 .460 .0308 38.4 

1986 58 .004 16.8 12.8 16.7 14.3 5227 350 162 14.7 112 .464 .0311 37.9 

1987 57 .004 17.0 12.9 16.6 14.4 5501 350 205 12.7 122 .587 .0373 39.8 

1988 69 .005 16.6 12.6 16.2 14.0 5518 351 199 13.0 120 .568 .0361 38.9 

1989 74 .005 16.7 12.4 16.6 14.1 5716 351 208 12.9 121 .594 .0365 40.5 

1990 72 .006 16.7 12.4 16.6 14.1 5720 351 208 12.9 121 .595 .0365 40.4 

1991 54 .004 16.2 12.1 15.7 13.6 5570 328 197 13.3 119 .603 .0353 38.1 

1992 75 .006 15.7 11.6 15.2 13.1 5578 331 204 12.9 121 .629 .0365 36.7 

1993 129 .010 16.3 12.1 15.7 13.6 5652 345 210 12.6 122 .612 .0373 38.6 

1994 169 .012 16.4 12.2 15.5 13.6 5628 343 210 12.6 122 .616 .0374 38.4 

1995 230 .015 16.6 12.2 15.7 13.8 5576 347 206 12.7 122 .594 .0370 38.4 

1996 241 .018 17.3 12.6 16.5 14.3 5534 344 247 10.9 133 .719 .0447 39.6 

1997 560 .039 17.5 12.6 16.8 14.5 5348 328 234 11.1 131 .714 .0438 38.7 

1998 642 .044 17.4 12.4 16.7 14.3 5243 313 227 11.2 130 .736 .0434 37.6 

1999 754 .050 17.2 12.2 16.6 14.2 5290 323 239 10.8 133 .743 .0455 37.6 

2000 879 .053 17.6 12.5 16.7 14.4 5395 312 246 10.7 134 .797 .0458 39.0 

2001 1115 .071 18.5 13.2 17.1 15.1 5158 283 244 10.4 135 .882 .0475 38.9 

2002 2034 .126 19.1 13.3 18.0 15.6 5050 277 253 10.0 139 .918 .0503 39.3 

2003 1760 .112 18.8 13.0 17.6 15.3 5347 288 266 10.0 140 .939 .0501 40.7 

2004 1955 .124 18.9 13.0 17.7 15.3 5352 289 274 9.8 142 .965 .0515 41.0 

2005 1790 .113 19.9 13.6 18.6 16.1 5152 272 269 9.7 142 1.000 .0522 41.4 

2006 1440 .096 20.4 13.9 19.1 16.5 5018 260 262 9.7 141 1.019 .0523 41.3 

2007 1926 .130 20.8 14.0 19.7 16.8 5181 272 279 9.5 144 1.041 .0538 43.6 

Percent of Large SUV: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 13.5 13.4 

1976 22.8 14.6 

1977 18.4 13.9 

1978 26.9 19.3 

1979 16.1 15.3 .7 

1980 30.0 17.8 78.6 5.9 

1981 25.4 3.1 96.9 

1982 28.7 1.1 98.9 53.2 

1983 30.5 .9 99.1 35.0 

1984 30.2 1.0 99.0 19.3 

1985 31.3 .9 99.1 11.5 

1986 32.8 .6 99.4 8.3 

1987 36.2 .6 99.4 95.6 4.4 

1988 41.0 .5 99.5 96.9 3.1 

1989 43.4 .5 99.5 97.6 2.4 

1990 42.8 .3 99.7 97.8 2.2 

1991 54.1 100.0 21.2 76.3 2.5 

1992 67.5 .6 99.4 11.2 88.8 

1993 64.6 .5 99.5 6.8 93.2 

1994 67.0 .4 99.6 10.3 89.7 90.5 9.5 

1995 71.9 .2 99.8 4.1 95.9 96.1 3.9 

1996 75.7 100.0 99.9 .1 92.3 7.7 

1997 73.4 100.0 100.0 .0 95.6 4.4 

1998 68.4 100.0 100.0 .0 91.4 6.2 2.4 

1999 53.1 100.0 100.0 90.1 2.2 7.7 

2000 62.9 100.0 100.0 92.0 4.1 4.0 .6 

2001 3.2 63.1 .5 99.5 100.0 73.8 3.6 22.6 11.1 

2002 1.9 64.5 .1 99.9 100.0 69.3 2.1 28.6 23.0 

2003 1.4 61.3 .1 96.8 3.1 100.0 57.1 2.0 40.9 31.5 

2004 2.8 62.4 .0 100.0 100.0 .0 51.5 1.0 46.6 .9 38.5 

2005 8.7 63.4 .0 95.9 4.0 100.0 46.0 7.7 45.9 .4 48.3 

2006 12.4 63.6 .3 94.3 5.4 100.0 .0 23.8 9.6 66.3 .3 62.9 

2007 12.2 57.5 .5 94.7 4.8 99.7 .3 46.8 9.7 43.5 48.3 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-12 Appendix E 
Table E-13 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Small Pickup 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 160 .016 22.5 17.3 22.2 19.2 2756 118 96 13.3 108 .814 .0347 26.6 

1976 173 .014 23.8 18.3 23.4 20.3 2775 119 98 13.2 109 .828 .0353 28.3 

1977 238 .017 25.5 19.9 24.5 21.7 2768 120 97 13.2 109 .807 .0349 30.2 

1978 264 .018 25.6 20.4 23.6 21.7 2799 119 92 13.8 107 .774 .0331 30.5 

1979 358 .026 22.8 17.9 21.6 19.4 2793 120 86 14.5 104 .715 .0308 27.5 

1980 452 .040 24.3 19.4 22.5 20.7 2790 122 88 14.2 105 .724 .0317 29.3 

1981 369 .035 28.2 22.5 26.0 23.9 2819 130 85 15.0 103 .655 .0302 34.4 

1982 346 .036 27.3 21.9 25.1 23.2 2899 137 89 14.8 104 .651 .0309 34.4 

1983 312 .030 26.9 21.6 24.8 22.9 2976 142 96 14.0 106 .679 .0324 34.5 

1984 423 .030 26.1 20.9 24.0 22.2 3035 142 97 14.1 106 .684 .0321 34.1 

1985 497 .034 26.7 21.4 24.5 22.7 3098 143 103 13.6 108 .718 .0334 35.4 

1986 743 .048 25.9 20.5 24.0 21.9 3141 145 105 13.5 109 .726 .0338 34.7 

1987 441 .030 26.0 20.3 24.1 21.9 3135 147 107 13.3 110 .732 .0345 34.5 

1988 340 .022 25.0 19.6 22.8 21.0 3200 148 113 13.0 111 .758 .0354 33.7 

1989 354 .025 23.9 18.6 21.8 20.0 3328 153 119 12.9 112 .774 .0360 33.5 

1990 289 .023 24.8 19.2 22.6 20.7 3293 153 129 12.0 116 .844 .0396 34.3 

1991 309 .025 25.0 19.2 22.8 20.8 3324 152 128 12.1 116 .845 .0389 34.7 

1992 252 .021 24.6 18.7 22.4 20.4 3321 152 126 12.3 115 .828 .0383 34.1 

1993 263 .020 26.3 19.8 23.8 21.6 3232 147 123 12.3 115 .835 .0383 35.2 

1994 358 .025 24.9 18.7 22.6 20.5 3355 151 125 12.4 114 .829 .0377 34.5 

1995 298 .020 24.4 18.3 22.0 20.0 3385 157 138 11.6 119 .879 .0411 33.9 

1996 221 .017 24.6 18.3 22.0 20.1 3362 159 147 11.0 122 .926 .0439 33.7 

1997 131 .009 24.9 18.5 22.1 20.2 3349 146 134 11.7 118 .918 .0405 33.8 

1998 260 .018 24.5 18.0 21.8 19.8 3462 160 151 11.0 123 .947 .0439 34.4 

1999 213 .014 23.2 17.0 20.5 18.7 3600 173 160 10.9 124 .928 .0445 33.7 

2000 101 .006 26.3 19.1 23.0 21.0 3307 148 143 11.1 121 .966 .0435 34.8 

2001 81 .005 26.5 19.2 22.9 21.1 3357 147 142 11.3 121 .967 .0427 35.4 

2002 197 .012 23.2 16.8 20.0 18.5 3735 177 164 11.0 124 .934 .0440 34.6 

2003 194 .012 23.2 16.6 20.4 18.5 3769 178 167 11.0 125 .945 .0443 35.0 

2004 161 .010 22.6 16.0 19.7 17.9 3796 184 171 10.8 126 .933 .0452 34.1 

2005 8 .001 25.8 17.6 23.5 20.5 4000 150 184 10.7 128 1.229 .0461 41.3 

2006 5 .000 26.3 17.9 23.7 20.8 3933 150 185 10.5 129 1.233 .0471 41.2 

Percent of Small Pickup: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 88.4 

1976 80.1 

1977 79.6 

1978 8.8 88.5 

1979 26.3 90.3 

1980 5.8 24.5 91.2 3.3 2.5 

1981 9.1 31.6 94.8 .1 2.5 22.0 

1982 9.3 30.7 92.3 .3 1.0 19.7 

1983 9.8 30.9 90.4 1.6 .4 6.0 

1984 2.9 32.5 88.7 3.2 4.6 4.6 

1985 31.7 85.0 6.9 13.8 1.9 

1986 29.9 85.1 7.9 10.5 28.1 1.0 

1987 29.6 81.3 9.9 9.0 39.2 

1988 38.4 83.2 8.5 40.4 31.4 

1989 38.0 79.9 14.1 51.1 34.9 

1990 31.5 81.5 14.3 88.4 

1991 34.7 79.6 14.9 100.0 

1992 36.8 80.8 13.3 100.0 

1993 27.1 81.8 12.2 100.0 

1994 39.5 81.4 11.5 100.0 87.3 12.7 

1995 37.8 73.2 20.0 100.0 69.9 30.1 

1996 36.6 69.2 18.7 100.0 40.2 59.8 

1997 20.8 79.6 20.4 100.0 100.0 

1998 39.7 62.9 22.9 100.0 100.0 

1999 45.3 46.4 42.4 100.0 7.9 92.1 

2000 .7 48.5 30.9 100.0 100.0 

2001 49.2 24.6 100.0 100.0 

2002 32.9 30.5 58.9 100.0 100.0 

2003 39.3 28.7 59.9 100.0 100.0 

2004 40.5 24.7 60.7 100.0 100.0 

2005 100.0 20.6 79.4 100.0 100.0 

2006 100.0 22.6 77.4 100.0 100.0 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-13 Appendix E 
Table E-14 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Mid-size Pickup 

MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 56 .005 21.1 16.8 19.6 17.9 3000 109 67 18.6 95 .615 .0223 26.9 

1976 54 .004 22.9 18.1 21.6 19.5 3000 109 65 18.9 94 .596 .0217 29.7 

1977 69 .005 29.6 23.3 28.1 25.2 3000 124 72 17.5 96 .581 .0240 38.0 

1978 75 .005 29.3 23.4 27.1 24.9 3000 124 72 17.6 96 .581 .0239 37.7 

1979 101 .007 25.9 20.6 24.1 22.0 2971 131 80 16.2 100 .609 .0270 33.3 

1980 98 .009 25.9 20.5 24.1 22.0 2944 133 82 15.7 101 .621 .0282 32.9 

1981 130 .012 26.4 20.8 24.8 22.5 2909 131 84 15.2 102 .641 .0290 33.2 

1982 315 .032 26.7 20.8 25.7 22.7 2936 152 98 13.8 108 .648 .0333 33.6 

1983 621 .060 26.5 20.7 25.4 22.6 3016 146 91 14.8 104 .626 .0303 34.3 

1984 703 .050 25.7 19.9 24.8 21.9 3093 148 92 14.9 104 .626 .0299 34.1 

1985 616 .043 25.7 19.9 25.1 21.9 3064 154 97 14.2 106 .637 .0319 33.9 

1986 788 .051 26.1 20.2 24.9 22.1 3081 147 102 14.0 108 .687 .0329 34.3 

1987 1052 .071 25.4 19.5 24.3 21.5 3163 159 106 13.8 109 .672 .0334 34.2 

1988 1055 .069 25.3 19.3 24.1 21.3 3205 165 110 13.6 110 .670 .0343 34.4 

1989 887 .061 24.8 18.9 23.5 20.8 3278 177 116 13.2 111 .671 .0353 34.4 

1990 600 .048 24.7 18.7 23.3 20.6 3338 175 120 13.0 112 .697 .0358 34.7 

1991 873 .069 24.6 18.4 23.4 20.5 3352 190 125 12.7 114 .674 .0372 34.6 

1992 716 .059 23.8 17.6 22.8 19.8 3493 195 131 12.7 115 .685 .0373 34.9 

1993 743 .056 23.7 17.4 22.6 19.7 3521 198 135 12.5 116 .694 .0383 34.8 

1994 1040 .074 24.0 17.7 22.6 19.9 3618 197 145 12.1 118 .744 .0398 36.3 

1995 700 .046 24.7 18.0 23.3 20.4 3631 190 141 12.3 117 .768 .0387 37.5 

1996 698 .053 24.8 17.9 23.4 20.4 3668 187 140 12.4 117 .775 .0381 37.7 

1997 690 .048 24.2 17.4 22.7 19.8 3728 195 147 12.3 118 .769 .0390 37.4 

1998 829 .057 23.9 17.1 22.4 19.5 3713 191 146 12.2 118 .780 .0390 36.8 

1999 761 .050 22.5 16.0 21.0 18.3 3761 200 149 12.1 118 .762 .0393 34.9 

2000 766 .046 22.8 16.2 21.2 18.6 3740 192 148 12.2 119 .788 .0395 35.0 

2001 545 .035 21.8 15.4 20.2 17.7 3835 207 165 11.5 123 .804 .0427 34.1 

2002 466 .029 21.1 14.8 19.4 17.0 4019 226 180 11.0 127 .808 .0447 34.5 

2003 527 .033 22.8 15.9 21.0 18.4 3850 196 157 11.9 121 .818 .0407 35.6 

2004 378 .024 21.8 15.1 20.0 17.5 4070 219 192 10.6 130 .884 .0470 35.8 

2005 216 .014 23.6 16.2 21.5 18.8 3789 192 178 10.6 128 .934 .0469 35.9 

2006 284 .019 23.8 16.4 21.6 19.0 3830 199 189 10.2 132 .953 .0492 36.6 

2007 281 .019 23.7 16.4 21.2 18.8 3860 203 191 10.2 132 .946 .0494 36.7 

Percent of Mid-size Pickup: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 68.8 

1976 85.5 

1977 91.8 

1978 86.9 

1979 80.2 

1980 83.7 

1981 88.1 

1982 4.1 68.7 28.8 2.1 

1983 17.3 72.6 14.2 3.5 

1984 19.6 71.1 16.8 2.0 

1985 19.8 65.1 32.7 13.2 14.2 .7 

1986 16.8 73.0 23.7 30.7 26.7 .2 

1987 20.5 67.2 28.9 24.4 26.5 .3 

1988 19.8 65.0 32.6 32.7 39.2 

1989 18.7 62.9 35.6 33.8 46.7 

1990 16.7 61.6 38.4 59.3 27.9 

1991 14.8 63.5 36.5 36.6 56.4 

1992 15.5 59.9 40.1 59.0 32.7 

1993 18.0 59.4 40.6 65.5 28.9 

1994 16.9 55.3 44.7 86.1 11.9 100.0 

1995 15.6 59.8 40.2 82.8 17.2 100.0 

1996 14.3 52.9 47.1 100.0 99.9 .1 

1997 17.4 48.9 51.1 100.0 100.0 

1998 19.9 44.1 55.9 100.0 100.0 

1999 28.2 32.7 67.3 100.0 100.0 

2000 28.8 27.5 72.5 100.0 99.4 .6 

2001 30.5 21.8 78.2 100.0 95.2 4.8 

2002 41.8 15.8 84.2 100.0 88.5 11.5 

2003 28.5 21.3 78.7 100.0 90.5 9.5 

2004 42.1 17.1 82.9 100.0 73.5 26.5 17.7 

2005 29.3 22.7 77.3 100.0 39.4 60.6 49.4 

2006 17.9 20.6 79.4 100.0 26.4 73.6 65.6 

2007 27.2 27.1 72.9 100.0 30.1 69.9 76.9 

Table E-15 Characteristics of 1975 to 2007 Large Pickup 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-14 Appendix E 
MODEL SALES <---- FUEL ECONOMY ----> WGHT ENGINE 0-60 TOP HP/ HP/ TON 

YEAR (000) FRAC LAB ADJ ADJ ADJ LB CID HP TIME SPD CID WT -MPG 

55/45 CITY HWY COMP 

1975 1126 .110 13.1 10.4 12.2 11.1 4241 343 151 13.3 115 .438 .0358 24.1 

1976 1639 .133 13.9 11.2 12.7 11.8 4301 344 146 13.8 113 .423 .0341 25.9 

1977 1719 .122 14.9 12.1 13.4 12.7 4318 347 156 13.1 116 .449 .0363 27.8 

1978 1928 .133 14.7 12.0 13.1 12.4 4326 339 154 13.2 116 .454 .0357 27.4 

1979 1748 .126 14.3 11.8 12.6 12.1 4486 330 149 14.1 113 .452 .0334 27.8 

1980 887 .078 17.2 13.7 15.8 14.6 4312 305 137 14.3 110 .452 .0318 32.0 

1981 940 .089 18.6 14.8 17.3 15.9 4124 293 132 14.2 110 .452 .0320 33.0 

1982 780 .080 18.6 14.8 17.3 15.9 4233 299 136 14.2 111 .457 .0323 34.1 

1983 695 .067 18.1 14.3 16.9 15.4 4270 302 138 14.2 111 .461 .0325 33.5 

1984 917 .065 17.8 14.0 16.7 15.1 4291 301 138 14.3 111 .459 .0323 32.9 

1985 964 .067 17.7 14.0 16.5 15.0 4292 305 149 13.4 114 .490 .0348 32.7 

1986 1001 .065 18.2 14.4 17.0 15.5 4283 298 146 13.6 113 .495 .0341 33.3 

1987 654 .044 17.7 13.9 16.5 15.0 4375 309 162 12.8 118 .523 .0370 32.9 

1988 1064 .070 18.0 13.9 17.2 15.2 4436 318 173 12.2 121 .542 .0390 33.9 

1989 990 .068 18.1 13.8 17.2 15.2 4444 318 175 12.2 121 .548 .0395 34.0 

1990 945 .075 18.0 13.6 17.4 15.2 4497 320 178 12.1 122 .555 .0398 34.3 

1991 738 .059 18.2 13.6 17.6 15.3 4476 315 178 12.1 122 .562 .0397 34.4 

1992 872 .072 18.3 13.6 17.8 15.3 4562 312 174 12.5 120 .556 .0382 35.1 

1993 996 .075 18.7 13.7 18.0 15.6 4552 303 180 12.1 122 .600 .0396 35.5 

1994 1271 .090 18.4 13.5 17.6 15.3 4612 316 189 11.7 124 .601 .0411 35.3 

1995 1273 .084 18.0 13.1 17.2 14.9 4672 316 188 11.9 123 .598 .0403 35.0 

1996 1036 .079 18.2 13.2 17.4 15.1 4718 315 210 11.1 129 .671 .0446 35.7 

1997 1587 .110 18.9 13.6 18.1 15.6 4801 303 222 10.6 132 .737 .0464 37.5 

1998 1326 .092 18.6 13.2 17.8 15.3 4799 308 225 10.5 133 .735 .0470 36.8 

1999 1571 .103 18.5 13.2 17.5 15.2 4958 313 238 10.3 135 .762 .0483 37.6 

2000 1746 .105 19.3 13.8 17.9 15.7 4663 289 230 10.2 136 .800 .0492 36.7 

2001 1893 .121 18.9 13.4 17.5 15.4 4809 292 233 10.3 135 .807 .0485 37.0 

2002 1717 .107 18.7 13.2 17.2 15.2 4982 294 246 10.1 137 .836 .0493 37.8 

2003 1753 .111 18.9 13.3 17.3 15.3 4977 294 249 10.1 138 .845 .0499 38.0 

2004 1967 .125 19.0 13.3 17.3 15.3 5200 301 266 9.9 141 .881 .0511 39.7 

2005 2076 .131 19.4 13.4 17.8 15.6 5117 294 268 9.7 142 .914 .0526 39.8 

2006 1831 .122 19.7 13.6 18.0 15.8 5097 291 267 9.7 142 .922 .0524 40.3 

2007 1753 .118 19.7 13.5 18.2 15.8 5264 301 281 9.6 144 .932 .0532 41.7 

Percent of Large Pickup: 

MODEL DRIVETRAIN TRANSMISSION FUEL METERING NUMBER OF VALVES 

YEAR FRONT 4WD MANUAL LOCK CVT PORT TBI DSL TWO THREE FOUR FIVE VVT HYBRID 

1975 16.1 33.0 

1976 23.8 32.9 

1977 25.2 27.7 

1978 30.5 28.5 1.4 

1979 10.5 27.3 1.7 3.1 

1980 21.6 39.5 35.5 5.5 

1981 13.4 38.9 42.1 2.3 

1982 17.3 30.9 42.8 9.4 

1983 22.3 26.4 52.2 4.5 

1984 25.1 26.7 50.9 2.4 

1985 25.8 25.7 48.1 9.1 .7 1.2 

1986 28.3 27.0 52.5 21.7 2.6 .7 

1987 .0 30.8 29.1 41.6 43.1 36.0 .4 

1988 .0 33.8 26.8 54.5 36.5 62.6 .5 

1989 34.8 33.2 56.6 38.8 60.8 .4 

1990 33.9 24.9 68.0 37.0 62.6 .4 

1991 32.5 27.3 71.3 39.5 60.1 .4 

1992 32.1 26.8 73.1 45.0 54.7 .3 

1993 .0 35.0 22.4 77.6 47.9 52.1 

1994 36.6 16.0 84.0 47.3 52.7 98.9 .9 .1 

1995 41.5 20.7 79.3 55.1 44.9 97.2 2.8 

1996 37.9 15.0 85.0 99.7 .3 96.3 3.7 

1997 43.3 10.5 89.5 99.9 .1 98.1 1.9 

1998 43.2 9.8 90.2 99.9 .1 99.2 .8 

1999 53.6 6.3 93.7 100.0 .0 100.0 

2000 44.8 10.0 90.0 100.0 87.0 13.0 

2001 42.7 7.6 92.4 100.0 88.7 11.3 

2002 43.6 5.4 94.6 100.0 89.9 10.1 

2003 42.8 5.0 95.0 100.0 93.5 6.5 

2004 47.6 3.5 96.5 100.0 72.0 18.2 9.8 20.6 .0 

2005 48.3 3.9 96.1 100.0 61.4 15.5 23.0 38.2 .1 

2006 50.4 3.7 95.7 100.0 53.6 17.5 28.9 46.4 .1 

2007 49.6 3.6 96.4 100.0 61.6 16.8 21.6 40.7 .1 

EPA420-R-07-008 E-15 Appendix E