Environmentally Respons

Lubricants
• Protection of the marine environment

• Environmental challenges • Applications & environmental risk• Environmental performance• Global environmental legislation• Misleading product claims• Composition of environmental products• Mechanisms of breakdown• Performance assurance • GreenDeck productsAgenda
Exploring the unknown......

•>70% of the planet is covered by water•Regulate climate, provide drinking water, support marine life ecosystems•96% of surface waters damaged by human activity

•Focus is always on major spills –Torrey Canyon, Amoco Cadiz, Exxon Valdez, Sea Empress, Braer.....•Quantity of minor spills imperfectly documented, only those prosecuted are recorded.•Leakage from stern tubes, thrusters, deck machinery not even properly recorded. Somewhere between 300,000 and 600,000 tonnes per annum.
The environmental impact of shipping
Legislation framework

• International Marine Marpol Annex I

• National Marine e.g. US Clean Water Act, 

EPA Vessel Permit rule

• Local Marine e.g. Gothenburg Harbour Clean • Classification Societies e.g. RINA Green Plus• Supply Chain e.g. The Clean Shipping Projec• Offshore OSPAR
What happens in the event of a spill?

If our customer is responsible for a spill: 1. theiroperation is damaging the environment;2. their license to operate can be revoked;3. their operation maybe suspended with large fines imposed;4. their operational efficiency will be compromised to facilitate investigations;5. their corporate reputation will be affected; and6. their current contracts may be lost as their customers strive to improve their standards acompliant partnersHelping reduce their environmental impact gives our customers a posicommercial benefit, which can be shared with their suppliers.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGESKey Drivers• Increasing environmental legislation• Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility
Environmentally responsible lubricants

Areas and degrees of risk.

Discharges in 

use

Potential Spill 

or Leak

Enclosed 

machinery

Stern Tubes Crane hydraulics Engines

Thrusters Winch or windlass gears Gearboxes

BOP Controls Crane wires Cargo pump drives

Process pumps
What do we mean by “Environmentally 

responsible lubricants”?

• Environmental performance is an improvement 

over conventional lubricants. 

• Physical performance is equivalent to or better 

than the conventional lubricant it replaces

• Compatible with most normal construction 

materials and seals so easily filled into existing equipment. 

• Reduced impact on the environment• No compromise on reliability• Easily retro-fitted to existing equipment
How do we measure environmental 

performance?

• Environmental performance is characterised by:

– Marine Toxicity

• On four different organisms

– Persistence

• Biodegradation in sea water

– Bioaccumulation

• Bioaccumulation potential

– Renewability
OSPAR Environmental Performance

• Environmental performance characterised by

– Persistence

• Biodegradation in seawater

– Bioaccumulation– Bioaccumulation potential– Marine Toxicity

• On North Sea (4 species) and Gulf of Mexico (2 specie

organisms

• Regional specific testing e.g. Australia

– “Sheen” is measured in Gulf of Mexico

• Non-sheen products may not enable you to detect whe

spilled, causing increased environmental pollution

• Spills of non-sheen products should still be reported to 

• It’s much more than just biodegradation!

How do we measure marine environmental performance?
Biodegradation (OECD 306)

• The tendency of a substance to break down in the environme

due to biological action

–Measured by establishing the rate of biodegradation of the substa

seawater over a 28-day period (test method OECD 306)

–Example: Biodegradation = 73% means the substance has biode

by 73% over a 28-day period

–The higher the test result the better (i.e. a result of 73% is better t

13%)

Lubricant

+

Microorganisms + 

water + oxygen

Carbon 

Dioxide, water 

+ biomass
Misleading Environmental Claims

• Most claims centred around 1 of the 3 key environmental criteria (biodegra

bioaccumulation & toxicity)

• Misleading Environmental Claims

– Many generic environmental claims

• “environmentally aware”, “environmentally acceptable”, “environm

friendly” - do not necessarily have a scientific basis.

– Food grade (FDA oils) – low human toxicity, but potential high marine – Fresh water or soil performance – is this relevant to the marine enviro– Non sheen – how do you detect & report a spill?

Marine Environmental Requirements

• Products should be tested for the marine environment
Composition of environmental products 

• Mineral white oils, “food grade” oils

–Not necessarily non-toxic to marine life–Not necessarily biodegradable in marine environment–Low natural lubricity, high dependency on additives–Limited (and unpredictable) service life–Good materials compatibility–Not renewable materials

• Glycols

–Water soluble so readily disperse when spilled–High density so sink when spilled–Good thermal and oxidative stability–Not necessarily biodegradable–Not necessarily non-toxic to marine life–Materials compatibility issues –Not renewable materials
Composition of environmental products

• Esters

–Very large family of materials

• Reaction between an acid and an alcohol• Acid + Alcohol <> Ester + Water

–Great range depending upon components reacted together–Large differences in stability

• Naturally occurring esters (vegetable oils) have good 

biodegradability but poor stability, particularly temperature 

–Large differences in materials compatibility–Large differences in renewability depending where raw mat

sourced
“Biodegradable” Oils - Equipment Concerns

• Fluid Life

– Degradation by three possible mechanisms

• Oxidation (combination with air)• Thermal (heat, carbonisation)• Hydrolysis (breakdown in contact with water) 

• Equipment Operating Parameters

– Fluid Characteristics

• Viscosity / temperature characteristics• Pour point

• Reliability

– Elastomer compatibility

• Retrofit of seals

– Filterability problems

• Combination of additives with water

– Rapid additive depletion

• Dependence upon additives for performance instead of base oil propert
GreenDeck

• All products tested for the marine environment• Products need to pass “2 out of 3” criteria in comparison w

conventional grades

• Demonstrable improvement in environmental performance• “3rd” criteria must be a significant improvement in compari

current environmental legislative requirements
No compromise on reliability

Track Record

•Environmentally responsible hydraulic fluids to replace standard mineral o

were first introduced in 1992.

Performance testing

•Bench marking against standard mineral lubricants in bench and rig tests•Compliance with industry specifications such as ISO 15380 for 

environmentally responsible hydraulic fluids. 

•Field Trials establish performance in real life conditions.

OEM Endorsement

•Ongoing dialogue to ensure that new technologies are accepted and to 

provide assurance that products meet their operational requirements.
GreenDeck Product Range 

•BioBar Hydraulic Fluids •BioStat Stern tube & Thruster Lubricants•BioTrans Gear Lubricants•BioTac EP2 General Purpose Grease•BioTac OG Jacking Grease•
FZG Failure St

6789

1011121314

Stern tube Oil Engine Oi

100

220

68

Micropitting Res

56789

1011

Stern tube Oil Engine O

Castrol BioStat: stern tube and thrusters.

Viscosity range

• Readily emulsifiable – absorbs up to 20% 

water without compromising it’s lubricating performance.

•Compatible with the common elastomer seal materials used in thrusters and stern tubes.•Excellent Gear lubricant performance –exceeds FZG stage 12 and offers excellent micro-pitting resistance –Protects gear components in thrusters 

and gearboxes. –Ensures equipment reliability in service.

•Hydrolytic stability ensures a long life in service.

150
Viscosity range

• High viscosity index and low pour point: –Allows start-up at low temperatures –Provides thicker lubricating film and therefore enhanced compone

protection at high temperatures

• Excellent wear and corrosion protection, providing long term machi

protection. 

• Lower coefficient of friction than conventional hydraulic fluids reduc

losses and improves slow speed/high load system response.

• Higher oxidation stability than mineral oil based product gives longe

life.

Castrol BioBar: hydraulic fluids
150 

Castrol BioTrans: gear lubricants

Viscosity range

•Provides high levels of gear protection to 

maximise reliability and minimise maintenance costs •Provides long term machinery protection and extended oil life •High viscosity index and lower pour point allows

 Start-ups at low temperatures Provides thicker lubricating film at high 

temperatures

Additional anti-wear protection
Castrol BioTac EP 2 Grease

•Good resistance against water spray off reducing 

the frequency of application 

•Good pumpability at low temperatures (operating 

temperature range from -35 to 120 °C) facilitating

use of pressurised lubrication equipment.

•Good Load carrying capacity and anticorrosion 

properties protecting equipment and reducing costs

0 10 20 3

Loss 

Sulphonate Complex

Lithium Complex

BioTac

Water Spray-off Res

(Test: ASTM D40
Castrol BioTac OG – Jacking Grease
Castrol BioTac OG – Jacking Grease

• Environmental performance:-

– Fully compliant with OSPAR 2007 legislation– All base oils and additives either PLONOR or classified as “yellow” in Nor– No substitutable components– Base oil derived from renewable resources

• Physical performance:-

– Comparable lubricant performance to conventional products– Adherent to wet steel– Applicable in low ambient temperatures– Applicable by automated dispensers
• Advanced synthetic base oil technology

• Superior technical performance

 Gears performance – Protection of components  Low friction coefficients – Energy savings

• Wide temperature range

Consistent equipment performance – Improved reliability

• Miscible & compatible

Other oilsSeals & paintsFilters

Product range – performance benefits
Product range – environmental benefits

• Key environmental performance 

benefits:-

Superior biodegradationSignificantly reduced bioaccumulation 

and toxicity

Enhanced renewability

• Reduced environmental impact compared to conventiona
Greendeck Availability

Americas

USA

MAMA

Italy

Spain

Turkey

UAE

Northern Europe

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Netherlands

Norway

Sweden

UK 

Microsoft Excel 

Worksheet