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                                                                     EXHIBIT 3.2

                          AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS

                                       OF

                             METAL MANAGEMENT, INC.



                                    ARTICLE I


                                CORPORATE OFFICES

1.1      REGISTERED OFFICE

         The registered office of the corporation shall be in the City of
Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The name of the registered
agent of the corporation at such location is The Corporation Trust Company.

1.2      OTHER OFFICES

         The board of directors may at any time establish other offices,
including a principal executive office, at any place or places within or outside
of the State of Delaware.


                                   ARTICLE II


                            MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

2.1      PLACE OF MEETINGS

         Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside
the State of Delaware, designated by the board of directors. In the absence of
any such designation, stockholders' meetings shall be held at the principal
executive office of the corporation.

2.2      ANNUAL MEETING

         The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year on a date
and at a time designated by the board of directors. At the meeting, directors
shall be elected and any other proper business may be transacted.

2.3      SPECIAL MEETING

         A special meeting of the stockholders may be called at any time by the
board of directors, or by the chairman of the board, or by the president or
chief executive officer.

         If a special meeting is called by any person or persons other than the
board of directors, the request shall be in writing, specifying the time of such
meeting and the general nature of the business proposed to be transacted, and
shall be delivered personally or sent by registered mail or by telegraphic or
other facsimile transmission to the chairman of the board, the president, the
chief executive officer, or the secretary of the corporation. Any of such
officers receiving the request shall cause notice to be promptly given to the
stockholders entitled to vote, in accordance with the provisions of Sections 2.4
and 2.5 of this Article II, that a meeting will be held at the time requested by
the person or persons who called the meeting, not less than

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thirty-five (35) nor more than sixty (60) days after the receipt of the request.
If the notice is not given within twenty (20) days after the receipt of the
request, the person or persons requesting the meeting may give the notice.
Nothing contained in this paragraph of this Section 2.3 shall be construed as
limiting, fixing, or affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by
action of the board of directors may be held.

2.4      NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS

         All notices of meetings with stockholders shall be in writing and shall
be sent or otherwise given in accordance with Section 2.5 of these by-laws not
less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting
to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify
the place, date, and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting,
the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.

2.5      MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF NOTICE

         Written notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the
stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the corporation. An
affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary or of the transfer agent of
the corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud,
be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

2.6      QUORUM

         The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and
entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall
constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of
business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate of
incorporation. If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any
meeting of the stockholders, then the stockholders entitled to vote thereat,
present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the
meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the
meeting, until a quorum is present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at
which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted that
might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed.

2.7      ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE

         When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these
by-laws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if
the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment
is taken. At the adjourned meeting the corporation may transact any business
that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is
for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is
fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be
given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

2.8      VOTING

         The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall
be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.10 of these
by-laws, subject to the provisions of Sections 217 and 218 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware (relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors
and joint owners of stock and to voting trusts and other voting agreements).

         Except as provided in the certificate of incorporation, each
stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held
by such stockholder. In voting for the election of Directors of the corporation,
stockholders shall not be entitled to cumulate votes.



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         At a stockholders' meeting at which directors are to be elected, or at
elections held under special circumstances, a stockholder shall not be entitled
to cumulate votes (i.e., cast for any candidate a number of votes greater than
the number of votes which such stockholder normally is entitled to cast).

2.9      WAIVER OF NOTICE

         Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the
General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or
these by-laws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to
notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a
waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for
the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any
regular or special meeting of the stockholders need to be specified in any
written waiver of notice unless so required by the certificate of incorporation
or these by-laws.

2.10     RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING

         In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled
to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment
thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or
allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful
action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall
not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such
meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action.

         If the board of director does not so fix a record date:

         (i) The record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of
or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the
day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at
the close of business on the date next preceding the day on which the meeting is
held.

         (ii) The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose
shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors
adopts the resolution relating thereto.

         A determination of stockholders of record entitled to vote at a meeting
of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided,
however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned
meeting.

2.11     PROXIES

         Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting may authorize another
person or persons to act for him by a written proxy, signed by the stockholder
and filed with the secretary of the corporation, but no such proxy shall be
voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy
provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the
stockholder's name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature,
typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the stockholder or the
stockholder's attorney-in-fact. The revocability of proxy that states on its
face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section
212(c) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

2.12     LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE

         The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of a corporation shall
prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the


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meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each
stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder.
Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose
germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least
ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the
meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the
meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held.
The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting
during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is
present.

2.13     ADVANCE NOTIFICATION OF STOCKHOLDER NOMINATIONS FOR DIRECTORS AND OTHER
         PROPOSALS

         No stockholder may propose to nominate persons for election to the
Board of Directors at an annual meeting of the stockholders of the corporation
or to bring other business before an annual meeting of the stockholders of the
corporation, unless such stockholder gives timely notice thereof to the
Secretary of the corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be
addressed to the Secretary of the corporation and received at the principal
executive offices of the corporation not more than one hundred twenty (120) days
and not less than ninety (90) days prior to the first anniversary date of the
immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event the
annual meeting is called for a date which is not within sixty (60) days before
or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder, to be timely, must be
received no later than the close of business on the fifteenth (15th) day
following the day on which notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed
or public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever
occurs first.

         Such stockholder's notice shall set forth: (a) as to each person whom
the stockholder proposes to nominate at the annual meeting for election to the
Board of Directors, (i) the name, age, business address and residential address
of such person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of such person,
(iii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially
owned by such person, (iv) a description of all arrangements or understandings
between such stockholder and such person, (v) all information relating to such
person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election
of directors, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any other rules of
the Securities and Exchange Commission, (vi) such other information as may be
reasonably required by the corporation the eligibility of such person to serve
as a director of the corporation, and (vii) any such person's written consent to
serve as a director if so elected; (b) as to any other business that such
stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (i) a description of
the business desired to be brought before the meeting in sufficient detail for
such business to be summarized in the agenda for the meeting, (ii) the reasons
for conducting such business at the meeting, and (iii) any material interest in
such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the proposal is made; and (c) as to the stockholder giving the notice and
the beneficial owner, if any, whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made,
(i) the name and address of such stockholder, as it appears on the corporation's
books, and of any such beneficial owner. Notwithstanding compliance with the
foregoing requirements, no person proposed to be nominated to the Board of
Directors by a stockholder pursuant to this procedure shall become a nominee for
election to the Board of Directors and no other business shall be considered at
the annual meeting unless the stockholder who has provided the notice, or his
proxy, nominates such person or introduces such business at the meeting, as the
case may be. The presiding officer of the annual meeting shall, if the facts
warrant, refuse to acknowledge a nomination or the consideration of business
which was not made in compliance with the foregoing requirements.



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                                   ARTICLE III

                                    DIRECTORS

3.1      POWERS

         Subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware
and any limitations in the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws
relating to action required to be approved by the stockholders or by the
outstanding shares, the business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed
and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the
board of directors.

3.2      NUMBER OF DIRECTORS

         The Board of Directors shall consist of such number of directors as
shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors.

3.3      ELECTION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS

         Except as provided in Section 3.4 of these by-laws, directors shall be
elected at each annual meeting of stockholders to hold office until the next
annual meeting. Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the
certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, wherein other qualifications for
directors may be prescribed. Each director, including a director elected to fill
a vacancy, shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified or
until his earlier resignation or removal.

         Elections of directors need not be by written ballot.

3.4      RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES

         Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the
corporation. When one or more directors so resigns and the resignation is
effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office,
including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or
vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations
shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as
provided in this section in the filling of other vacancies.

         Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws:

         (i) Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any
increase in the authorized number of directors elected by all of the
stockholders having the right to vote as a single class may be filled by a
majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a
sole remaining director.

         (ii) Whenever the holders of any class or classes of stock or series
thereof are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the
certificate of incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships of such
class or classes or series may be filled by a majority of the directors elected
by such class or classes or series thereof then in office, or by a sole
remaining director so elected.

         (iii) Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from an
increase in the authorized number of directors due to the amendment of Section
3.2 of these By-Laws by a vote of the Board of Directors pursuant to Article VII
of the Certificate of Incorporation may be filled by a majority of the directors
then in office.

         If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause, the
corporation should have no directors in office, then any officer or any
stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee or guardian of a


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stockholder, or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the
person or estate of a stockholder, may call a special meeting of stockholders in
accordance with the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws, or may apply to the Court of Chancery for a decree summarily ordering
an election as provided in Section 211 of the General Corporation Law of
Delaware.

3.5      PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE

         The board of directors of the corporation may hold meetings, both
regular and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.

         Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or
these by-laws, members of the board of directors, or any committee designated by
the board of directors, may participate in a meeting of the board of directors,
or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in
person at the meeting.

3.6      FIRST MEETINGS

         The first meeting of each newly elected board of directors shall be
held at such time and place as shall be fixed by the vote of the stockholders at
the annual meeting and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the newly
elected directors in order legally to constitute the meeting, provided a quorum
shall be present. In the event of the failure of the stockholders to fix the
time or place of such first meeting of the newly elected board of directors, or
in the event such meeting is not held at the time and place so fixed by the
stockholders, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be
specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the
board of directors, or as shall be specified in a written waiver signed by all
of the directors.

3.7      REGULAR MEETINGS

         Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice
at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the
board.

3.8      SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE

         Special meetings of the board of directors for any purpose or purposes
may be called at any time by the chairman of the board, the president, the chief
executive officer, the secretary or any two (2) directors.

         Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered
personally or by telephone or telecopy to each director or sent by electronic
mail, first-class mail or telegram, charges prepaid, addressed to each director
at that director's address as it is shown on the records of the corporation. If
the notice is mailed, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least
four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is
delivered personally or by telephone, telecopy, electronic mail or telegram, it
shall be delivered personally or by telephone or transmitted via telecopy or
electronic mail or delivered to the telegraph company, as the case may be, at
least forty-eight (48) hours before the time of the holding of the meeting. Any
oral notice given personally or by telephone may be communicated (i) to the
director or (ii) to a person at the office of the director who the person giving
the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the director or
(iii) to the director's voice message box. The notice need not specify the
purpose or the place of the meeting, if the meeting is to be held at the
principal executive office of the corporation.



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3.9      QUORUM

         At all meetings of the board of directors, a majority of the authorized
number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business
and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there
is a quorum shall be the act of the board of directors, except as may be
otherwise specifically provided by statute or by the certificate of
incorporation. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the board of
directors, then the directors present thereat may adjournment the meeting from
time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a
quorum is present.

3.10     WAIVER OF NOTICE

         Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the
General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or
these by-laws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to
notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a
waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for
the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any
regular or special meeting of the directors, or members of a committee of
directors, need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required
by the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws.

3.11     ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE

         If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the board of directors,
then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time,
without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is
present.

3.12     BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING

         Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or
these by-laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of
the board of directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a
meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent
thereto in writing and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of
proceedings of the board or committee.

3.13     FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS

         Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or
these by-laws, the board of directors shall have the authority to fix the
compensation of directors.

3.14     APPROVAL OF LOANS TO OFFICERS

         The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or
otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its
subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a director of the
corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such
loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the
corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without
interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the board of
directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of
stock of the corporation. Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to
deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at
common law or under any statute.



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3.15     REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

         Unless otherwise restricted by statute, by the certificate of
incorporation or by these by-laws, any director or the entire board of directors
may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the
shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors.

         No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the
effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of such director's term
of office.

3.16     CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

         The chairman of the board of directors, if one shall be elected, shall
give guidance to the chief executive officer, the president and other officers
of the Corporation in the setting of corporate policy and the conduct of the
Corporation's business and affairs. He or she shall preside generally at all
meetings of the stockholders and all meetings of the board of directors and
shall have such other duties as the board of directors shall from time to time
prescribe. Notwithstanding anything in these bylaws to the contrary, the
chairman of the board is not, and shall not be deemed to be, an officer of the
Corporation by reason of his or her service in such capacity.

3.17     VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

         The vice chairman of the board of directors, if one shall be elected,
shall, if present and in the absence of the chairman of the board, preside at
meetings of the stockholders and of the board of directors and shall have such
other duties as the board of directors shall from time to time prescribe.
Notwithstanding anything in these bylaws to the contrary, the vice chairman of
the board is not, and shall not be deemed to be, an officer of the Corporation
by reason of his or her service in such capacity.


                                   ARTICLE IV

                                   COMMITTEES

4.1      COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS

         The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the
whole board, designate one or more committees, with each committee to consist of
one or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may designate one or
more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent
or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she
or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board
of directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or
disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the
resolution of the board of directors or in the by-laws of the corporation, shall
have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the board of directors in
the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize
the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but
no such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) amend the certificate
of incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent authorized in the
resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted
by the board of directors as provided in Section 151(a) of the general
Corporation Law of Delaware, fix any of the preferences or rights of such shares
relating to dividends, redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets of
the corporation or the conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for,
shares of any other class or classes or any other series of the same or any
other class or classes of stock of the corporation), (ii) adopt an agreement of
merger or consolidation under Sections 251 or 252 of the General Corporation Law
of Delaware, (iii) recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of
all or substantially all of the corporation's


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property and assets, (iv) recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the
corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or (v) amend the by-laws of the
corporation; and, unless the board resolution establishing the committee, the
by-laws or the certificate of incorporation expressly so provide, no such
committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize
the issuance of stock, or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger
pursuant to Section 253 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

4.2      COMMITTEE MINUTES

         Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report
the same to the board of directors when required.

4.3      MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES

         Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and
taken in accordance with, the provisions of Article III of these by-laws,
Section 3.5 (place of meetings and meetings by telephone), Section 3.7 (regular
meetings), Section 3.8 (special meetings and notice), Section 3.9 (quorum),
Section 3.10 (waiver of notice), Section 3.11 (adjournment and notice of
adjournment), and Section 3.12 (action without a meeting), with such changes in
the context of those by-laws as are necessary to substitute the committee and
its members for the board of directors and its members; provided, however, that
the time of regular meetings of committees may also be called by resolution of
the board of directors and that notice of special meetings of committees shall
also be given to all alternate members, who shall have the right to attend all
meetings of the committee. The board of directors may adopt rules for the
government of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these
by-laws.

4.4      EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

         An Executive Committee of the Board of Directors may be authorized to
act on behalf of and in the name of the Board of Directors during the periods
between meetings of the full Board of Directors (which actions may include, as
contemplated by Section 141(c)(1) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the
authorization of the issuance of stock and the adoption of a certificate of
ownership and merger pursuant to Section 253 of such law).


                                    ARTICLE V

                                    OFFICERS

5.1      OFFICERS

         The officers of the corporation shall be a president, a secretary, and
a treasurer. The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the board of
directors, a chief executive officer, a chief financial officer, one or more
vice presidents, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant
treasurers, and any such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with
the provisions of Section 5.3 of these by-laws. Any number of offices may be
held by the same person. Two persons may hold the same office as co-officers if
so specified by the board of directors.

5.2      ELECTION OF OFFICERS

         The officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be
appointed in accordance with the provisions of Sections 5.3 or 5.5 of these
by-laws, shall be chosen by the board of directors, subject to the rights, if
any, of an officer under any contract of employment. An officer of the
corporation elected pursuant to this Section 5.2 may also serve as an appointed
officer pursuant to Section 5.3 hereof.



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5.3      SUBORDINATE APPOINTED OFFICERS

         The board of directors may appoint, or empower the president to
appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the corporation may
require. Each of such appointed officers shall hold office for such period, have
such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these by-laws (if
any) or as the board of directors or the president, as the case may be, may from
time to time determine. Such appointed officers may have titles such as vice
president of the corporation or a division of the corporation or president of a
division of the corporation, or similar such titles, subject to such limits in
appointment power as the board may determine. An appointed officer, absent
specific election by the board of directors as an elected corporate officer: (a)
shall not be considered an officer elected by the board of directors pursuant to
Section 5.2 of these bylaws and shall not have the executive powers or
policy-making authority of officers elected by the board of directors pursuant
to Section 5.2 hereof; (b) shall not be considered an "officer" within the
meaning of Rule 3b-2 or Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or an "executive officer" of the
corporation within the meaning of Rule 3b-7 promulgated under the Exchange Act,
and such a person shall not be given the access to inside information of the
corporation enjoyed by elected officers of the corporation; (c) shall not be
considered an "officer" within the meaning of Section 142 of the Delaware
General Corporation Law, except in any such case as is otherwise required by
law; and (d) shall be empowered to represent himself or herself to third parties
as an appointed officer only, and shall only be empowered to execute documents,
bind the corporation or otherwise act on behalf of the corporation as authorized
by the president of the corporation or by resolution of the board of directors.

5.4      REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS

         Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of
employment, any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an
affirmative vote of the majority of the board of directors at any regular or
special meeting of the board or, except in the case of an officer elected by the
board of directors, by an officer upon whom such power of removal may be
conferred by the board of directors.

         Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of
that notice or at any later time specified in that notice, and, unless otherwise
specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the
rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a
party.

5.5      VACANCIES IN OFFICES

         Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation may be filled by
the board of directors.

5.6      CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

         The chief executive officer shall be the senior officer of the
Corporation and shall, under the direction of the board of directors, have
responsibility for the general direction of the business, policies and affairs
of the Corporation. The chief executive officer shall see that all orders and
resolutions of the board of directors are carried into effect and shall have
such other duties as the board of directors shall from time to time prescribe.

5.7      PRESIDENT

         Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the
board of directors to the chairman of the board, the president shall be the
chief operating officer of the corporation and shall, subject



<PAGE>

to the control of the board of directors, have the general powers and duties of
management usually vested in the office of president of a corporation and shall
have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors
or these by-laws.

5.8      VICE PRESIDENTS

         In the absence or disability of the president, the vice presidents, if
any, elected pursuant to this Section 5.8 and not those appointed pursuant to
Section 5.3, in order of their rank as fixed by the board of directors or, if
not ranked, a vice president designated by the board of directors, shall perform
all the duties of the president and when so acting shall have all the powers of,
and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the president. Such vice presidents
shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as from time to time
may be prescribed for them respectively by the board of directors, these
by-laws, the chief executive officer, or the president.

5.9      SECRETARY

         The secretary shall keep or cause to be kept, at the principal
executive office of the corporation or such other place as the board of
directors may direct, a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of
directors, committees of directors, and stockholders. The minutes shall how the
time and place of each meeting, whether regular or special (and, if special, how
authorized and the notice given), the names of those present at directors'
meetings or committee meetings, the number of shares present or represented at
stockholders' meetings, and the proceedings thereof.

         The secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal
executive office of the corporation or at the office of the corporation's
transfer agent or registrar, as determined by resolution of the board of
directors, a share register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of
all stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by
each, the number and date of certificates evidencing such shares, and the number
and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.

         The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings
of the stockholders and of the board of directors required to be given by law or
by these by-laws. He or she shall keep the seal of the corporation, if one be
adopted, in safe custody and shall have such other powers and perform such other
duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or by these by-laws.

5.10     CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

         The chief financial officer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be
kept and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the
properties and business transactions of the corporation, including accounts of
its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital,
retained earnings, and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable
times be open to inspection by any director.

         The chief financial officer shall deposit all moneys and other
valuables in the name and to the credit of the corporation with such
depositories as may be designated by the board of directors. He or she shall
disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of
directors, shall render to the president and directors, whenever they request
it, an account of all his transactions as chief financial officer and of the
financial condition of the corporation, and shall have other powers and perform
such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or the by-laws.



<PAGE>

5.11     AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS

         In addition to the foregoing authority and duties, all officers of the
corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in
the management of the business of the corporation as may be designated from time
to time by the board of directors.


                                   ARTICLE VI

                                    INDEMNITY

6.1      THIRD PARTY ACTIONS

         The corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is
threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action,
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
(other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the
fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys'
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he or she
acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or
not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any
criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct
was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment,
order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its
equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not
act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonable believed to be in
or not opposed to the best interest of the corporation and, with respect to any
criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct
was unlawful.

6.2      ACTIONS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE CORPORATION

         The corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is
threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or
suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by
reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director, officer, employee or
agent of corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as
a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys'
fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or
settlement of such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in manner
he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of
the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of
any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to
be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Delaware
Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall
determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in
view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably
entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Delaware Court of Chancery or
such other court shall deem proper.

6.3      SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE

         To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the
corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any
action, suit or proceeding referred to in Sections 6.1 and 6.2, or in defense of
any claim, issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against
expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in
connection therewith.



<PAGE>

6.4      DETERMINATION OF CONDUCT

         Any indemnification under Sections 6.1 and 6.2 (unless ordered by a
court) shall be made by only as authorized in the specific case upon a
determination that the indemnification of the director, officer, employee or
agent is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable
standard of conduct set forth in Sections 6.1 and 6.2. Such determination shall
be made (1) by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee by a majority
vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action,
suit or proceeding or (2) or if such quorum is not obtainable or, even if
obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal
counsel in a written opinion, or (3) by the stockholders.

6.5      PAYMENT OF EXPENSES IN ADVANCE

         Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or
proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition
of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on
behalf of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it
shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified
by the corporation as authorized in this Article VI.

6.6      INDEMNITY NOT EXCLUSIVE

         The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided or granted
pursuant to the other subsections of this section shall not be deemed exclusive
of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of
expenses may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity
and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

6.7      INSURANCE INDEMNIFICATION

         The corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance
on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of
the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation, as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him
and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such,
whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him against
such liability under the provisions of this Article VI.

6.8      THE CORPORATION

         For purposes of this Article VI, references to "the corporation" shall
include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation
(including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or
merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and
authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that
any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such
constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent
corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same
position under and subject to the provisions of this Article VI (including,
without limitation the provisions of Section 6.4) with respect to the resulting
or surviving corporation as he or she would have with respect to such
constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.



<PAGE>

6.9      EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

         For purposes of this Article VI, references to "other enterprises"
shall include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any
excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and
references to "serving at the request of the corporation" shall include any
service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which
imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or
agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or
beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he or she
reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries
of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not
opposed to the best interests of the corporation" as referred to in this Article
VI.

6.10     CONTINUATION OF INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES

         The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted
pursuant to, this Article VI shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or
ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer,
employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and
administrators of such a person.


                                   ARTICLE VII

                               RECORDS AND REPORTS

7.1      MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS

         The corporation shall, either at its principal executive office or at
such place or places as designated by the board of directors, keep a record of
its stockholders listing their names and addresses and the number and class of
shares held by each stockholder, a copy of these by-laws as amended to date,
accounting books, and other records.

         Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent,
shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the
right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the
corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and
records and to make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean a
purpose reasonably related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every
instance where an attorney or other agent is the person who seeks the right to
inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or
such other writing that authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on
behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the
corporation at its registered office in Delaware or at its principal place of
business.

         The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of a corporation shall
prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in
alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number
of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to
the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to
the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10)
days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting
is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or,
if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list
shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the
whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.



<PAGE>

7.2      INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS

         Any director shall have the right to examine the corporation's stock
ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records for a
purpose reasonably related to his position as a director. The Court of Chancery
is hereby vested with the exclusive jurisdiction to determine whether a director
is entitled to the inspection sought. The Court may summarily order the
corporation to permit the director to inspect any and all books and records, the
stock ledger, and the stock list and to make copies or extracts therefrom. The
Court may, in its discretion, prescribe any limitations or conditions with
reference to the inspection, or award such other and further relief as the Court
may deem just and proper.

7.3      ANNUAL STATEMENT TO STOCKHOLDERS

         The board of directors shall present at each annual meeting, and at any
special meeting of the stockholders when called for by vote of the stockholders,
a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the corporation.

7.4      REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS

         The chairman of the board, the president, any vice president, the
treasurer, the secretary or assistant secretary of this corporation, or any
other person authorized by the board of directors or the president or a vice
president, is authorized to vote, represent, and exercise on behalf of this
corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation
or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority granted
herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person
authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person
having the authority.


                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                 GENERAL MATTERS

8.1      CHECKS

         From time to time, the board of directors shall determine by resolution
which person or persons may sign or endorse all checks, drafts, other orders for
payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness that are issued in
the name of or payable to the corporation, and only the persons so authorized
shall sign or endorse those instruments.

8.2      EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS

         The board of directors, except as otherwise provided in these by-laws,
may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents to enter into any
contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the
corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
Unless so authorized or ratified by the board of directors or within the agency
power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or
authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its
credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.

8.3      STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES

         The shares of a corporation shall be represented by certificates,
provided that the board of directors of the corporation may provide by
resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of
its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to
shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the
corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the board of
directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates and upon request
every


<PAGE>

holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to have a certificate signed
by, or in the name of the corporation by the chairman or vice-chairman of the
board of directors, or the president or vice-president, and by the chief
financial officer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant
secretary of such corporation representing the number of shares registered in
certificate form. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a
facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or
whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be
such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it
may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such
officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

         The corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly
paid and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid
therefor. Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent
any such partly paid shares, upon the books and records of the corporation in
the case of uncertified partly paid shares, the total amount of the
consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated.
Upon the declaration of any dividend on fully paid shares, the corporation shall
declare a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same class, bout only upon the
basis of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.

8.4      SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES

         If the corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock
or more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the
preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights
of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or
restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or
summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall
issue to represent such class or series of stock; provided, however, that,
except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the General Corporation Law of
Delaware, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the
face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent
such class or series of stock a statement that the corporation will furnish
without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, the designations,
the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special
rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

8.5      LOST CERTIFICATES

         Except as provided in this Section 8.5, no new certificates for shares
shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is
surrendered to the corporation and canceled at the same time. The corporation
may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the place of
any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or
destroyed, and the corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or
destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the corporation a
bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on
account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the
issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.

8.6      CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS

         Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of
construction, and definitions in the Delaware General Corporation Law shall
govern the construction of these by-laws. Without limiting the generality of
this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number
includes the singular, and the term Aperson@ includes both a corporation and a
natural person.



<PAGE>

8.7      DIVIDENDS

         The directors of the corporation, subject to any restrictions contained
in the certificate of incorporation, may declare and pay dividends upon the
shares of its capital stock pursuant to the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the corporation's
capital stock.

         The directors of the corporation may set apart out of any of the funds
of the corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper
purpose and may abolish any such reserve. Such purposes shall include but not be
limited to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of the
corporation, and meeting contingencies.

8.8      FISCAL YEAR

         The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolutions of the
board of directors and may be changed by the board of directors.

8.9      SEAL

         The corporation shall adopt a corporate seal, which may be altered at
pleasure, and use the same by causing it or a facsimile thereof, to be impressed
or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.

8.10     TRANSFER OF STOCK

         Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the
corporation of a certificate or shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper
evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the
duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled
thereto, cancel the old certificate, and record the transaction in its books.

8.11     STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS

         The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any
agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of
the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation
of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not
prohibited by the General Corporation Law of Delaware.

8.12     REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS

         The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a
person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and
to vote as such owner, shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and
assessments the person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall
not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such
share or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have
express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of
Delaware.


                                   ARTICLE IX

                                   AMENDMENTS

         The original or other by-laws of the corporation may be adopted,
amended, or repealed by the stockholders entitled to vote; provided, however,
that the corporation may, in its certificate of incorporation, confer the power
to adopt, amend or repeal by-laws upon the directors. The fact that such power
has been so


<PAGE>

conferred upon the directors shall not divest the stockholders of the power, nor
the limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal by-laws.


                                    ARTICLE X

                                    CUSTODIAN

10.1     APPOINTMENT OF A CUSTODIAN IN CERTAIN CASES

         The Court of Chancery, upon application of any stockholder, may appoint
one or more persons to be custodians and, if the corporation is insolvent, to be
receivers, of and for the corporation when:

         (i) at any meeting held for the election of directors the stockholders
are so divided that they have failed to elect successors to directors whose
terms have expired or would have expired upon qualification of their successors;
or

         (ii) the business of the corporation is suffering or is threatened with
irreparable injury because the directors are so divided respecting the
management of the affairs of the corporation that the required vote for action
by the board of directors cannot be obtained and the stockholders are unable to
terminate this division; or

         (iii) the corporation has abandoned its business and has failed within
a reasonable time to take steps to dissolve, liquidate or distribute its assets.

10.2     DUTIES OF CUSTODIAN

         The custodian shall have all the powers and title of a receiver
appointed under Section 291 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware but the
authority of the custodian shall be to continue the business of the corporation
and not to liquidate its affairs and distribute its assets, except when the
Court of Chancery otherwise orders and except in cases arising under Sections
226(a)(3) or 352(a)(2) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.



                                      * * *