U.S. Department

of Transpor tation

Federal Aviation

Administration

Michael K. Hynes

Hynes and Associates, Inc.

100 Helicopter Drive

Frederick, OK 73542-2400

March 2000

Final Report

This document is available to the public

through the National Technical Information

Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.

Office of Aviation Medicine

Washington, D.C. 20591

Evacuee Injuries and

Demographics in Transport

Airplane Precautionary

Emergency Evacuations

DOT/FAA/AM-00/11
NOTICE

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of

the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of

information exchange. The United States Government

assumes no liability for the contents thereof.
i

Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No.

DOT/FAA/AM-00/11

4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date

Evacuee Injuries and Demographics in Transport Airplane Precautionary

Emergency Evacuations

March 2000

6. Performing Organization Code

7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No.

Michael K. Hynes

9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)

11. Contract or Grant No.

Hynes and Associates, Inc.

100 Helicopter Drive

Frederick, OK 73542-2400

DTFA-96-P-51602 and

DTFA0299V05793

12. Sponsoring Agency name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered

Office of Aviation Medicine

Federal Aviation Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code

800 Independence Ave., S.W.

Washington, DC 20591

15. Supplemental Notes

This work was performed under task AM-B-97-PRS-93; contract monitored by Jeffrey H. Marcus.

16. Abstract

During a nine-year period from January 1, 1988, through December 31, 1996, there were more than 500

transport airplane precautionary emergency evacuations (PEEvacs), occurring on average about once a week.

Each year as many as 6,000 persons participated in these events. In many cases, passenger and crewmember

injuries resulted from the PEEvacs, resulting in large personal costs to passengers and crewmembers, as well

as financial costs estimated to be in excess of $11 million annually to airlines.

This study was undertaken to sample available evacuee and injury data related to a subset of those PEEvacs,

including information on types and causes of evacuee injuries, and evacuee age and gender. Other

demographics were sought, but that information was generally unavailable. Unique, direct contacts with

airport management were used to supplement publicly available information on certain of the PEEvacs,

including activation of emergency escape slides during PEEvacs, injuries caused by the PEEvacs, and

outcomes.

Of the 136 airports identified as experiencing PEEvacs, 24 were selected to provide detailed data on injured

evacuees for a 34-month interval lasting from December 1994 through November 1996. During this time

frame, there were 109 precautionary evacuations at the 24 airports selected, i.e., approximately 70% of all

reported evacuation events that occurred during the study period. Specific information on 193 persons

injured during 19 of these evacuations was obtained and analyzed.

The results of this study confirm the need for improved incident reporting and continued research into

preventing injuries associated with the use of emergency egress systems and precautionary emergency

evacuations of transport airplanes. The results should be additionally useful when considering proposed

changes to applicable regulations and to airline training programs and aircraft emergency operations.

17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement

Emergency Egress, Evacuation, Airline Operations,

Passenger Injuries, Economic Loss, Airline Economics

Document is available to the public through the

National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, Virginia 22161

19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price

Unclassified Unclassified 17

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized

iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Dr. Mac McLean of the Civil

Aeromedical Institute in the preparation of this manuscript.

1

EVACUEE INJURIES AND DEMOGRAPHICS IN TRANSPORT AIRPLANE

PRECAUTIONARY EMERGENCY EVACUATION

INTRODUCTION

The number and frequency of transport airplane

Precautionary Emergency Evacuations (PEEvacs) have

recently been described by Hynes (1999), who studied the occurrence of PEEvacs during the period from

January 1988 through December 1996 (see Figure

1). These events generally resulted from instances in

which crewmembers or passengers believed the probability of a fire to be high, although no fire actually

developed. As in other emergency evacuations, passengers and crew often suffered injuries; had they

known that no fire would result, it would have been

safer for them to remain on the airplane.

More than 500 PEEvacs occurred during the period studied, i.e., about 1 evacuation every 6 days. In

contrast, the incident databases maintained by the

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and by the

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) reveal relatively little about the occurrence of PEEvacs,

even though these evacuations usually occur on airport properties, with the airport Crash-Fire-Rescue

(C-F-R) teams responding. PEEvacs are, however,

typically documented in records maintained by airport managers, as identified by Hynes (1994), using

airport records as the primary data source. Other

sources of information regarding PEEvacs included

airline records, media reports, and insurance company records.

PEEvacs result in significant personal costs to the

passengers and crew members involved, not to mention

the more than $11 million they cost the airlines annually

(Hynes, 1999). To a large extent, the personal costs

result from injuries to passengers and crew members

evacuating the airplanes during the PEEvacs, and primarily include expenses for medical treatment, lost

earnings and productivity, and associated litigation.

The purpose of this report is to describe injured evacuees

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

In c id e n ts

E v a c u e e s (10 0 s)

Figure 1. Number of Precautionary Evacuations and Evacuees
2

and, where possible, their demographics, to provide a

base for improved aircraft operations related to minimizing the sequelae of these apparent emergency events.

METHODS

For the purposes of this study, the term precautionary emergency evacuation includes: (a) those transport

airplane incidents in which the emergency escape

system was deployed, and (b) those incidents in

which the emergency escape system was not deployed, but passengers and crew members were forced

to conduct an unscheduled deplanement at other

than a normal gate location.

Information on the use of emergency escape systems

and emergency evacuations was collected from several

sources, including the FAA Accident and Incident Data

System (AIDS), the NTSB accident database, and the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). Information

suggesting that precautionary evacuations might have

occurred was also collected from the FAA Administrator’s

Daily Bulletin.

An historical review of this information was conducted to identify specific airports at which PEEvacs

occurred and the approximate dates of those incidents. This information was used to establish a contact list for subsequent surveys, in which information

was obtained from 136 airport managers. The results

of these surveys have been reported by Hynes (1994,

1997, 1999). As a point of reference, those airports

accounted for 85.6% of all CFR Parts 121 and 135

passenger enplanements in 1995.

Of the 136 airports originally contacted by Hynes,

24 airports (see Appendix A) were selected as sources

of injury data resulting from PEEvacs that occurred

during the last 34-month period of the study, extending from February 1994 through November 1996.

During that time frame, the 24 airports had experienced 109 evacuation events (i.e., 70% of all evacuations that occurred), a number typical of any similar

interval during the study period. Appendix B contains the airport contact letter and data format sheet,

as well as an injured evacuee follow-up telephone

interview, used to obtain the information. A response

rate of 100% was achieved from the 24 airports; most

were also visited to review the raw data and to obtain

needed information when it was unavailable from

other sources.

The 34-month interval was selected for convenience and cost/effectiveness, because incident data

are much harder to obtain as the time after an incident increases, making data collection efforts extremely difficult. Similarly, the recall of evacuees

who participate in such incidents typically declines as

time elapses, making corroboration of specific details

less certain.

RESULTS

Nineteen (17.4%) of the 109 precautionary evacuations resulted in injuries to 190 passengers and 3

crewmembers. Approximately 86% of the evacuees

reporting injuries required medical assistance; of

those, 67% were treated at a hospital. Information

related to the specific treatments and outcomes of

those injured (e.g., hospitalized for x number of days,

treated and released, permanently disabled) was generally not available because of privacy laws and the

absence of this type of information in airport records.

In some cases, telephone interviews were attempted

with those who had been injured in an effort to

obtain this information. For various reasons, few

injured passengers were actually contacted, and those

who were contacted were typically vague regarding

relevant details.

As shown in Appendix C, available information on

evacuee injuries varied widely in descriptive quality. Of

the 193 persons reported as injured, information was

available for 135 (69.9%). However, 26 (13.5%) of

these injured evacuees refused medical assistance, eliminating any detailed record of the nature of their injuries.

See Table 1 for the general types of injuries reported.

Available demographic information about injured

evacuees may also be found in Appendix C. Typically, age and gender were the only categories of data

obtainable, and even those data were not available for

all injured evacuees. Males (mean age of 42.7 years)

accounted for 36.8% of the reported injuries and

females (mean age of 45.1 years) comprised 52.8% of

those injured; the rest (4.5%) were not identified as

to gender. Sixty-three percent of the injured evacuees

for whom age was available were 40 years or older,

i.e., the occurrence of injuries was skewed toward

older evacuees (see Figure 2). The degree to which

this skewing represents a typical airliner passenger

complement remains to be determined. Information

on the height of injured evacuees was not available;
3

Table 1. Evacuee Injuries

Injury Number Percentage of Total

Back / Neck 53 34.2

Leg / Foot 27 17.4

Cuts/Abrasions 27 17.4

Minor 19 12.3

Broken Bones 11 7.1

Abdominal / Chest Pains 10 6.5

Sprains 8 5.2

Totals exceed 135 because of specific reporting of multiple injuries.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2-19 20 -39 40 - 59 60 - 82

Age

Number of Injuries

Figure 2. Age Distribution of Injured Evacuees
4

similarly, weight was rarely included in the records.

When questioned about these omissions in evacuee

demographics, airport personnel indicated that such

information was relatively unimportant for their

needs; therefore, they made little effort to obtain it.

Insurance company records were generally inaccessible, and media reports were not helpful for this

aspect of the investigation.

DISCUSSION

In addition to the emotional and physical pain of

personal injuries associated with precautionary emergency evacuations, the economic costs to air travelers in

lost earnings, productivity, medical costs, and related

expenses appears to be very high. Using a modification

of the formula in Bulletin APO-90-1, published by the

FAA Office of Aviation Policy and Plans, Hynes (1999)

estimated that passenger injuries cost the airlines more

than $8.5 million annually. That figure is based on an

analytical scheme in which serious injuries are defined

as those with losses of $50,00 or more, substantial

injuries as those with losses of $10,000 to $49,999, and

minor injuries as those with claimed losses of less than

$10,000. When considering the comparatively large

percentage of injured evacuees age 40 or older, who

would recover less quickly than younger individuals in

many cases, it is possible that expenses for acute and

extended medical care, particularly, were greater than

estimated. Further, considering that the average age of

the flying population is generally increasing, such costs

associated with future PEEvacs would be expected to

escalate accordingly.

Discussions with airline staff, insurance industry

personnel, and attorneys indicated that the administrative and legal expenses to airlines associated with injury

claims can also be significant, (Hynes, 1999). Together,

these sources estimated that administrative costs to

airlines associated with minor injuries average $1,000

per injury claim, rising to $2,500 for each substantial

injury. Administrative costs for serious injuries averaged

$25,000, without litigation, and $75,000 if litigation

occurred. When applied to the 109 PEEvac-related

injuries detailed in this study, administrative costs associated with processing injury claims would be expected

to exceed $1.97 million. Again, as the extent and

duration of associated medical care increases, these costs

would also rise. Together with the personal costs identified above, the impact of PEEvacs on airline operations becomes more than just a nuisance.

Despite an apparent lack of public awareness, the

frequency of precautionary emergency evacuations

has been quite high. The development of preventive

and mitigative strategies to address PEEvacs is essential; however, such an endeavor requires a better

understanding of the nature, causes, and results of

PEEvacs than is readily available. Upgraded information management systems and research dedicated to

minimizing these events are needed to address this

requirement, as well as to minimize the negative

consequences of all emergency evacuations, whenever these events should occur. Preventing passenger

and crewmenber injuries associated with emergency

evacuations is an important objective that can be

accomplished in several ways. Included are: (1) safely

reducing the number of these events, (2) improving

the design of aircraft emergency egress systems and

emergency exits, (3) upgrading air carrier training

programs and operations, and (4) improving passenger safety information and education. Additional

research directed toward further evaluating the important safety and economic issues associated with emergency evacuation events should also be undertaken.

REFERENCES

Administrator’s Daily Bulletin, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC.

Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14, Aeronautics and

Space, Vol. 1, 1996.

Hynes, M. Non Crash-Related Emergency Evacuations,

3rd Annual Aviation Disaster Management Symposium, Silver Springs, MD, 1994.

Hynes, M. Management’s Role In Air Carrier Non

Crash-Related Emergency Evacuation Events and

Preventing Injuries From Them, Jerome Lederer

Colloquim, New York, NY, 1997.

Hynes, M. Frequency and Costs of Transport Airplane

Precautionary Emergency Evacuations, Office of

Aviation Medicine Report, DOT/FAA/ AAM99/30.

Office of Aviation Policy and Plans, Treatment of the

Value of Life and Injury in Economic Analyses,

FAA-APO-90-1, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC, October 1990.

WESTLAWâ Computer-Assisted Legal Research Service, West Publishing Co., St. Paul, MN, 55164.
A1

APPENDIX A

Airports Surveyed

ID CITY, STATE 1994 1995 1996 1998 Rank‡ Enplanements‡

ATL ATLANTA,GA X X X X 2 28,090,978

BNA NASHVILLE, TN X X X X 42 3,685,219

BOS BOSTON, MA X X X X 15 11,734,693

CLE CLEVELAND, OH X X X 32 5,270,004

CLT CHARLOTTE, NC X X X 20 10,463,122

CVG GREATER CINCINNATI, KY X X X X 25 7,504,549

DAY DAYTON, OH X X 80 1,088,823

DEN DENVER, CO XXXX 7 14,858,763

DFW DALLAS-FT WORTH, TX XXXX 3 26,962,940

DTW DETROIT, MI (Metro) XXXX 9 14,082,598

FLL FT LAUDERDALE, FL X X X X 34 4,787,467

IAH HOUSTON, TX X X X X 16 11,350,898

JFK NEW YORK, NY (Kennedy) XXXX 8 14,601,827

LGA NEW YORK, NY (La Guardia) X X X X 21 10,297,628

MCO ORLANDO, FL X X X X 19 10,583,166

MSP MINNEAPOLIS, MN X X X X 14 12,559,491

ONT ONTARIO, CA X X 46 3,232,996

ORD CHICAGO, IL (O’Hare) XXXX 1 31,433,002

PHL PHILADELPHIA, PA X X X X 23 8,791,372

SAV SAVANNAH, GA X 98 565,230

SFO SAN FRANCISCO, CA XXXX 5 17,187,766

SLC SALT LAKE CITY, UT X X X X 24 8,741,761

STL ST LOUIS, MO X X X X 13 12,790,701

TPA TAMPA, FL X X X X 30 5,567,950

Number of Airports Contacted 24*

* 70% of the reported emergency evacuation events in the US during the 34-month period analyzed occurred at

these airports.

‡ Data based on the 1995 Hynes airport survey.
A2
B1

APPENDIX B

Airport Contact Letter

Re: “Part 121 and 135 EMERGENCY EVACUATION STUDY”

Dear :

In past years, your airport was one of several airports that were contacted and responded for the study of

EMERGENCY EVACUATION EVENTS by Part 121 and 135 Air Carriers. To update these past studies, the

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is now conducting new research into these types of events. The goal of

this research is to reduce both the number of events and the possibility of passenger and crew injuries when

these events must take place.

For past studies, seventy airports were contacted. These airports included the top 40 in the US, plus airports

known to have had an emergency evacuation event. The response rate was 92.8%. This was a strong indication

of the value airport management placed on the study and the professional attitude of managers in supporting

safety orientated research.

Under FAA contract No. 95P53815, we have been tasked to up-date the previous data you furnished on Part 121 and 135

EMERGENCY EVACUATION EVENTS conducted at your airport. Please review your records for the events

listed and send us the requested information. To save time and expense, copies of any “Incident Reports” or any other type of

existing records that contain the same information is acceptable.

For the current study, only a few airports are being asked to provide a small amount of additional data.

Attached is a form which identifies by date emergency evacuation events which took place at your airport. We

want to keep any inconvenience or cost to you in responding to this FAA study to a minimum.

We are also sending you a copy of an analysis of the previous study and hope that some of the findings will be

of interest to you. If you have any questions, please give us a call at our toll free number 1-888-335-5754.

Thanks in advance for your cooperation.

Regards and have a good day.

DR. MICHAEL K. HYNES

Director of Aviation Research

WESTERN OKLAHOMA STATE COLLEGE

November 12, 1997

(Our toll free number is 888-335-5754)
B2

Emergency Evacuation Study Data Sheet

AIRPORT: ________________________________________________________

EVENT # DATE TYPE AIRCRAFT CARRIER # of reported injuries

Remarks:

Were slides used? YES NO

Are copies of Incident Response records or any other

type of reports available for public inspection? YES NO

Reported by: (staple your business card or give us your)

NAME:

Title:

Address:

Phone:

City-State-Zip:

Please provide the requested data on the above event using any available source of information.

Person

#

Crew

/

Pax?

Age Gender Height Weight Injury type, severity and cause

(Broken bones, burns etc.)

Hospitalized?

Yes/No

Where?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Note: If more persons were injured, please copy this form.
B3

Injured Evacuee Telephone Interview Format

Hello My name is _____________________ and I am calling you from Oklahoma.

I work with Hynes and Associates, Inc. an Oklahoma aviation research company.

We are working on a contract for the Federal Aviation Administration, the FAA.

You were listed as one of the people who were on a ________ Airlines flight back in 19__

that had a problem at the _______________ airport.

1. Am I speaking to the right person? YES NO

(If yes, continue...if no---attempt to locate the correct person and continue.)

I have been asked to contact you to see how you are doing and to talk to you about the event and

any injuries you may have incurred.

If you don’t have a few minutes to talk to me now, when would it be a good time for me to call you

again?

 2. Do you remember the event? YES NO

 3. a. Do you remember what your injuries were?

 b. Can you tell me what your injuries were?

YES NO

 4. a. Do you remember what caused your injuries?

 b. Can you tell me what caused your injuries or

 how you were injured?

YES NO

 5. Did you have to go to a hospital? YES NO How long?

 6.a. Were you disabled as a result of your injuries?

 b. Did you stay home from work?

 c. How long were you disabled?

YES NO

YES NO

 DAYS WEEKS MONTHS

 7.a. How are you feeling now?

 8.a. Did you receive any financial help from the airline?

 b. Do you feel that it was fair?

 c. Did you need to use an Attorney?

 d. What type (amount) of help did you receive?

YES NO

YES NO

YES NO

 9. We show that you were years old back then? Is that correct? YES NO(Correct age was )

10. About how tall are you? ft. in.

11. Do you remember what your weight was back then? lb.
B4
C1

APPENDIX C

Specific Data On Precautionary Evacuation Injuries

Ref # Gender Age A/C Slides Injury description and cause Hosp

001 B737 Yes Broken ankle Yes

002 B737 Yes Broken leg Yes

003 B737 Yes Chest pain ?

004 B737 Yes Minor injuries ?

005 B737 Yes Minor injuries ?

006 B737 Yes Minor injuries ?

007 B737 Yes Minor injuries ?

008 F 30 B757 Yes Pain lower back-CREW Yes

009 F 49 B757 Yes Pain neck, shoulders-CREW Yes

010 F 40 B757 Yes Pain lower back-Minor Yes

011 M 40 B757 Yes Abdominal pain No

012 F 33 B757 Yes Pain back & ankle No

013F 51 B757 Yes Twisted ankle-Minor Yes

014 F 71 DC9 Yes Right arm abrasion, left arm pain No

015 F 62 DC9 Yes Sprained left ankle Yes

016 F 77 DC9 Yes Nervous No

017 F 20 B727 Yes Cut to left hand-CREW No

018 F 39 B727 Yes Right leg & foot pain No

019 F 27 AT72 N/A Pain left thigh & ankle Yes

020 M 45 AT72 N/A Pain left ankle No

021 F 45 B757 ? Possible fracture left ankle Yes

022 M 49 B757 ? Stiff neck & shoulder No

023 M 36 B757 ? Pain lower back No

024 F 72 B757 ? Spine pain No

025 F 79 B757 ? Sore right wrist No

026 F 41 B757 ? Sore neck & upper back No

027 M 17 B757 ? Sore jaw No

028 F 67 B757 ? Abrasion right patella No

029 F 49 B757 ? Neck & clavicle pain No

030 F 53 B757 ? Stiff lower back No

031 F 43 B757 ? Shortness of breath No

032 F 50 B757 ? Pain right ankle No

033 F 53 B757 ? Sore lower back No

034 F 50 MD11 Yes Broken right ankle Yes

035 F 58 MD11 Yes Possible back & shoulder injury Yes

036 M MD11 Yes Friction burns on arm RMA* No

037 M 59 MD11 Yes Slightly injured RMA* No

038 F 45 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

039 F MD11 Yes Pain lower right arm RMA* No

040 M MD11 Yes Pain neck, shoulder couldn’t move Yes

041 F 02 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No
C2

Ref # Gender Age A/C Slides Injury description and cause Hosp

042 F 50 MD11 Yes Complained back & neck RMA* No

043 F MD11 Yes Right arm RMA* No

044 F 76 MD11 Yes Left leg & knee Yes

045F 33 MD11 Yes Lower back No

046 F 59 MD11 Yes Head & neck injuries RMA* No

047 M MD11 Yes Leg & back injuries Yes

048 M MD11 Yes Possible back injury Yes

049 M MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

050 F 80 MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

051 F MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

052 F MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

053 M MD11 Yes Possible back injury Yes

054 F MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

055 F MD11 Yes Possible leg & back injury Yes

056 M MD11 Yes Possible leg & back injury Yes

057 F MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

058 M MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

059 F 60 MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

060 F 35MD11 Yes Bruised, sore legs Yes

061 M 35MD11 Yes Bruised & sore right leg Yes

062 M MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

063 M 54 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

064 F 43 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

065F 43 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

066 M 03 MD11 Yes Bleeding from mouth Yes

067 F 21 MD11 Yes Leg & back Yes

068 M 50 MD11 Yes Right leg Yes

069 M MD11 Yes Back Yes

070 F 21 MD11 Yes Leg & back Yes

071 M MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

072 F MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

073 F 21 MD11 Yes Leg & back Yes

074 M MD11 Yes Back Yes

075M 21 MD11 Yes Back RMA* No

076 M MD11 Yes Back & shoulder Yes

077 M 60 MD11 Yes Back injury & shortness of breath Yes

078 F 60 MD11 Yes Not reported Yes

079 M 49 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

080 M 48 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

081 F MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

082 M 37 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

083 F 46 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

084 M 39 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

085F 27 MD11 Yes Unknown RMA* No

086 F 34 B727 Yes Motion sickness Yes

087 B727 Yes Unknown Yes
C3

Ref # Gender Age A/C Slides Injury description and cause Hosp

088 F 54 DC9 ? Sore right ankle No

089 F 40 DC9 ? Tailbone discomfort No

090 F 10 DC9 ? Rug burn right thigh posterior No

091 M 47 B737 No Laceration right knee No

092 M 43 B737 No Abrasion left hand/twisted ankle No

093 F 43 B737 No Cut on left hand No

094 M B737 Yes Chest pains Yes

095F B737 Yes Sprained ankle No

096 F B737 Yes Nervous No

097 F S340 N/A Minor injury to right heel No

098 DC9 Yes Broken ankle Yes

099 DC9 Yes Minor cuts & bruises No

100 DC9 Yes Sore knee No

101 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

102 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

103 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

104 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

105F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

106 M A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

107 M A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

108 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

109 M A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

110 M A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

111 M 29 A300 Yes Lower back pain Yes

112 F 33 A300 Yes Breathing problem Yes

113 F 40 A300 Yes Abdominal pain Yes

114 F 37 A300 Yes Lower back pain, breathing problem Yes

115M 67 A300 Yes Chest & back pain Yes

116 M 50 A300 Yes Ankle (?fracture), lower back pain Yes

117 M 49 A300 Yes Back pain Yes

118 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

119 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

120 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

121 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

122 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

123 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

124 M A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

125F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

126 M A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

127 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

128 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

129 M A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

130 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

131 F A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

132 M A300 Yes Unspecified injuries Yes

133 F 53 MD80 Yes Pain lower left ribs Yes
C4

Ref # Gender Age A/C Slides Injury description and cause Hosp

134 F 34 MD80 Yes Broken ankle & foot-Slip/fall wing foam Yes

135F 38 MD80 Yes Possible femur fracture Yes

136 M 31 MD80 Yes Abrasion left thigh/buttock-Slip/fall wing foam Yes

137 F 36 MD80 Yes Pain back of neck/Slip/fall wing foam RMA* No

138 F 51 MD80 Yes Pain left thigh-Slip/fall wing foam Yes

139 M MD80 Yes Pain & bump on left knee- RMA* No

140 M 36 MD80 Yes Pain right knee/Slip/fall wing foam RMA* No

141 M 38 MD80 Yes Pain right knee & lower back-Slip/fall wing foam Yes

142 M 22 MD80 Yes Pain knees, low back & neck-Slip/fall wing foam Yes

143 F 28 MD80 ? Left buttock pain No

144 F MD80 ? Right knee injury Yes

145M 63 MD80 ? Multiple contusions right leg No

146 F MD80 ? Back spasm pain ?

147 F 30 MD80 ? Right thigh abrasion No

148 M MD80 ? Not reported ?

149 F 18 MD80 ? Not reported ?

150 M MD80 ? Not reported ?

151 F MD80 ? Not reported Yes

152 M MD80 ? Head & neck injury ?

153 M MD80 ? Not reported ?

154 F MD80 ? Not reported ?

155 F MD80 ? Muscle pain left leg ?

156 F MD80 ? Bruises ?

157 F MD80 ? Chest pain ?

158 F MD80 ? Bruises ?

159 M MD80 ? Lower back pain ?

160 F MD80 ? Not reported ?

161 M 27 MD80 ? Head & knee pain No

162 F 29 MD80 ? Neck, knee & back No

163 M 34 MD80 ? Bruised/cut right knee No

164 M MD80 ? Lower back, broken vertebrae Yes

165M MD80 ? Lower back pain , right thumb cut Yes

166 M MD80 ? Neck & head injuries Yes

167 M MD80 ? Not reported Yes

168 M MD80 ? Shoulder & rib injury Yes

169 M MD80 ? Neck injury/whiplash Yes

170 F MD80 ? Back pain Yes

171 M MD80 ? Not reported ?

172 M MD80 ? Back pain ?

173 M MD80 ? Head & neck injury ?

174 M DC9 Yes Minor lower back injury- RMA* No

175M 73 DC9 Yes Injury to neck, back, shoulder ?

176 F 55 DC9 Yes Possible injury to left ankle Yes

177 M 34 DC9 Yes Abrasion to left elbow- RMA* No

178 F 54 DC9 Yes Abrasion to right elbow- RMA* No

179 M 82 DC9 Yes Bump on head/lower back pain Yes
C5

Ref # Gender Age A/C Slides Injury description and cause Hosp

180 F 48 DC9 Yes Lower back-Fell off wing Yes

181 F 52 MD80 ? Unknown- RMA* No

182 F 76 MD80 ? High blood pressure- RMA* No

183 F 49 MD80 ? Injuries to neck, head, back Yes

184F DC9 Yes 2nd degree burn-puncture wound during evac Yes

185 DC9 Yes Ankle injury No

186 M DC9 Yes Back injury No

187 F DC9 Yes Self-reported smoke inhalation ** No

188 DC9 Yes Laceration No

189 DC9 Yes Contusions No

190 DC9 Yes Lacerations, self-reported smoke inhalation ** No

191 DC9 Yes Lacerations, self-reported smoke inhalation ** No

192 DC9 Yes Lacerations, self-reported smoke inhalation ** No

193 F DC9 Yes Lacerations, self-reported smoke inhalation ** No

RMA* = Refused Medical Assistance.

** = No fire developed and these injuries were not confirmed by medical examination.

The 193 injuries were incurred during 19 PEEvacs. In two events (A/C AT72 and S340), evacuees were injured on

airplanes not equipped with emergency escape slides.